Eaeoeey ii iauae oe?o?aee.
OAIA: E?IAIOA*AIEss. NEIAe?II AeAN.
Neiae?ii aeennaieie?iaaiiiai aioo?eninoaeenoiai naa?ouaaiey ?acaeaaaony
i?e e?iaiiioa?e, oiea, i?e/eiie oaeaea iiaeao auoue oiene/aneia
aicaeaenoaea ( yaeia ciae). ?acee/atho e noaaeee a iaoiaaiac AeAN
neiae?iia:
noaaeey aeia?eiaaoeyoeee – ia yoie noaaeee i?ienoiaeeo ?aceia iiauoaiea
aaeaaceaiinoe o?iiaioeeoia, e a nayce n yoei aeoeaaoeey ia?aie oacu
naa?ouaaiey, e iiauoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee oea?eiiaaia. Yoe iieacaoaee
iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue n iiiiuueth eiaaoeia?aiiu, eioi?ay iicaieyao
ii?aaeaeeoue ninoiyiea naa?ouaathuae e i?ioeainaa?ouaathuae nenoaiu a
ia?eoa?e/aneeo ninoaeao i?ienoiaeeo ia?aciaaiea naonoeia e?iae:
neeiathony o?iiaioeeou, ia/eiaaony ia?aciaaiea oea?eiiauo aeiaoe,
ia?acothony o?iiau a iaeeeo ninoaeao. Yoi o?iiae?iaaiea iaeeeo ninoaeia
eae i?aaeei e iae?ico ia i?eaiaeeo, iaeiaei aucuaaao cia/eoaeueioth
eoaiecaoeeth oeaiae ?acee/iuo i?aaiia, o?iiae?iaaiea i?ienoiaeeo ai anai
i?aaiecia, iiyoiio neiae?ii iacuaaaony aeennaieie?iaaiiui ( ?annayiiui).
Noaaeey aeia?eiaaoeyoeee ia?aaeei aeeeony e?aoeia?aiaiii – ianeieueei
ieioo, e /oiau aa ia i?iionoeoue iaiaoiaeeii anai iaoeeaioai,
iaoiaeyueiny a noaaeee oyaeaeiai oiea, eioi?ui i?eiaiythony ianneaiay
eiooceiiiay oa?aiey, o eioi?uo eiathony i?eciaee nainena iaaei eae
iiaeii ?aiueoa i?iecaanoe eiaaoeia?aiio, eia/a i?ioeann ia?aeaeao a
neaaeothuoth oaco
Eiaaoeiiaoey iio?aaeaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa aeennaieie?iaaiiiai
aioo?eninoaeenoiai naa?ouaaiey ooiaey iniiaiua ?ano?nu oaeoi?ia
naa?ouaathuae nenoaiu e?iae ( oea?eiiaai, i?io?iiaei), iie noaiiayony
aeaoeoeeoiuie. Oaeia enoiuaiea oaeoi?ia naa?ouaaaiinoe e?iae i?eaiaeeo e
oiio, /oi ?acaeaaaony e?iaioa/aiey, anee iii ia inoaiiaeaii oi ec
iniiaiiai enoi/ieea, a oaeaea aiciiaeiu e?iaioa/aiey ec ae?oaeo ninoaeia
– a neecenoua, a aee?iaoth eeao/aoeo. Aeinoaoi/ii iaaieueoiai
iia?aaeaeaiey, /oiau aiciee ?ac?ua ninoaea. Ii Ia eiaaoeia?aiia –
i?eciaee aeii – eee aoea?eiiaaiaiee, ii caoi eiioeaio?aoeey oea?eiiaaia
S aua aieueoa aic?anoaao, eioi?ue oaea i?aa?auaaony a oea?ei, a
niinianoaoao ia?aciaaiea iaioeaeac, aneaaenoaea /aai aicieeaao niaci
ninoaeia, /oi aua aieueoa oneeeaaao eoaiecaoeeth ?acee/iuo i?aaiia.
Oaeaea iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue aeiii?io?iiaeiaieth, aoaeao nieaeaoueny
eiee/anoai o?iiaioeeoia. A ?acoeueoaoa e?iaue oa?yao niiniaiinoue e
naa?ouaaieth. E ia yoie aea noaaeee aeoeaece?oaony oea?eiieeoe/aneay
nenoaia. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi ia?aciaaaoeany naonoee e?iae
ia/eiatho ?annanuaaoueny, ?anieaaeyoueny a oii /enea ?anieaaeythony
naonoee, eioi?ua caeoii?eee e?iaioi/auea ninoaeu.
O?aouey noaaeey – oea?eiieec. Ii ia/eiaaony eae caueoiay ?aaeoeey, ii a
?acoeueoaoa ?anieaaeaiey naonoeia e?iaioi/aueo ninoaeia i?ienoiaeeo
oneeaiea e?iaioa/aiey eioi?ia i?eia?aoaao i?ioociue oa?aeoa?. Iieacaoaee
eiaaoeia?aiiu ia noaaeee oea?eiieeca iaei /ai ioee/athony io iieacaoaeae
ia noaaeee eiaaoeiiaoee iio?aaeaiey, iiyoiio yoo noaaeeth ?aniiciatho ii
eeeie/aneei i?iyaeaieyi: ana oeaie, eae aoaea, ia/eiathony e?iaioi/eoue.
Anee ea/aaiua ia?ii?eyoey ieacuaathony yooaeoeaiuie oi yoio i?ioeann
iiaeii inoaiiaeoue ia ethaie ec noaaeee, a oii /enea eiiaaea e ia
noaaeee oea?eiieeca. Oiaaea ?acaeaaaony – 4 oaca
Oaca ainnoaiiaeaiey. Caeanue ia ia?aue ieai ia/eiaao auoiaeeoue i?eciaee
iieei?aaiiie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe. A ?acoeueoaoa aeeeoaeueiie eoaiecaoeee
aicieeaao na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue. Aiciiaeii ia?ooaiea
iicaiaiai e?iaiia?auaiey. E iiyoiio ianooieaiea yoie noaaeee
?aaeno?e?oaony ia eiaaoeia?aiia: iieacaoaee iiaoo oeo/oeoueny eee
ii?iaeeciaaoueny.
A caaeneiinoe io oiai a eaeie oaca AeAN-neiae?iia ia/aoi ea/aiea
eaoaeueiinoue ninoaaeyao ai noaaeee aeia?eiaaoeyoeee ieiei 5%, ia
noaaeee eiaaoeiiaoee iio?aaeaiey 10-20%, ia noaaeee oea?eiieeca 20-50%,
ia noaaeee ainnoaiiaeaiey aei 90%.
Iniiaie i?ioeeaeoeee yaeyaony naiaa?aiaiiia ii?aaeaeaiea iieacaoaeae
eiaaoeia?aiiu e ono?aiaiea yoeieiae/aneiai oaeoi?a: ai?ueaa n
eioaeoeeae, i?ioeaioieiaay oa?aiey. I?e neiae?iia AeAN ?aiiieeaetheei
ieacuaaao eneeth/eoaeueii aeaaioai?iia aeeyiea ia oieueei eae
ieaciicaiauathuaa aauanoaa, niiniaiia ainiieieoue iauai oee?eoee?othuae
e?iae, ii e eae i?aia?ao nieaeathuee aaeaaceth o?iiaioeeoia,
oiaiueoathuee ayceinoue e?iae.
EA*AIEA: aicaeaenoaea ia naa?ouaathuoth – i?ioeainaa?ouaathuoth nenoaiu
e?iae ia/eiaaony n i?eiaiaiey aaia?eia. Iacia/aaony aaia?ei ec ?an/aoa
20-30 aaeeieoe ia ea iannu oaea aieueiiai, i?e/ai aeaeaoaeueii
aaiaeeoueny aai a aeaea eaiaeueiie eioocee. I?eiaiaiea aaia?eia
ii?aaaeaii ia oieueei ia noaaeee aeia?eiaaoeyoeee, ii e ia anao noaaeeyo
AeAN. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy noaee i?eiaiyoue eiaeaeoi?u i?ioaac.
I?iecaiaeyony iie ec iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu aeeaioiuo e ieacuaatho
oaiaoathuaa aeaenoaea ia i?ioaieeoe/aneea oa?iaiou. I?eiaiytho oaeaea
yineeii-eai?iiiaoth eeneioo. Iia iacia/aaony eae aioo?eaaiii, oae e
ianoii. Yoio i?aia?ao eiaeae?oao oea?eiieec, iiyoiio iacia/aiey
aieiieai?iiiaie eeneiou ii?aaaeuaaaony oaea ia aoi?ie noaaeee. I/aiue
yooaeoeaiui ia?ii?eyoeai yaeyaony ia?aeeaaiea naaaeae e?iae (
oeeo?aoiie). Iaaei oieueei iiiieoue /oi yoio i?aia?ao ia aeaao aa?aioee
io ca?aaeaiey ae?oniie eioaeoeeae, iiyoiio i?eiaiyoue iiaeii oieueei n
niaeaney iaoeeaioa. Ia?aeeaaiea e?iae aeieaeii auoue a iauaia ?aaiii
iioa?yiiiio i?e e?iaioa/aiee, eia/a iiauoaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey
i?eaaaeao e oneeaieth e?iaioa/aiey. Anee aea iaaethaeaaony iieei?aaiiay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue oi caeanue iaiaoiaeeiui yaeyaony ainnoaiiaeaiea anao
ooieoeee: i?e aeuoaoaeueiie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe – EAE, i?aia?aou
oiaiueoathuea neeaeaaiea aeueaaie – no?oaeoaiou, anee ii/a/iay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue – i?eiaiytho aeeo?aoeee, ieaciaoa?ac e o.ae.
II?AAeAEAIEA E?IAIIIOA?E.
A caaeneiinoe io iauaia e?iaiiioa?e no?iyony ea/aaiua ia?ii?eyoey. Anee
e?iaioa/aiea iacia/eoaeueiia, iauai iioa?yiiie e?iae ia i?aauoaao 10% io
iauaai aa eiee/anoaa, /aeiaaeo aiiaua ia o?aaoaony eiiiainaoeee. Oieueei
o ieaaeaioeaa ( o ieo i?aaieci iaeaieaa /oanoaeoaeai e e?iaiiioa?a)
iioa?y 5% e?iae aaaeao e iianiui ineiaeiaieyi. Anee e?iaiiioa?y n?aaeiae
oyaeanoe – aei 25% i iaiaoiaeeii ainiieieoue iauai iioa?yiiie
aeeaeeinoe. a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?e e?iaioa/aiee i?aaieci no?aaeaao io
aeiiaieaiee oi anoue io nieaeaiey iauaai iauaia aeeaeeinoe a i?aaiecia.
I?e e?iaiiioa?a io 25% aei 50% e?iaioa/aiea iacuaaaony oyaeaeui e a yoii
neo/aa /aeiaae4o iaiaoiaeeii ainiieieoue ia oieueei oo?a/aiioth
aeeaeeinoue ii e oo?a/aiiua y?eo?ioeeou. Anee e?iaiiioa?y i?aauoaaony
35-40%, oi yoi iacuaaaony i?ioociui e?iaioa/aieai eee cai?aaeaeueiie
e?iaiiioa?ae. a oaeii ninoiyiee aeaaea naiua yeno?aiiua ia?u iiiiue
iiaoo ieacaoueny iayooaeoeaiuie. Ie iaeia ec iaoiaeee aeey ii?aaeaeaiey
iioa?yiiie e?iae ia yaeyaony oi/iie. Nia?aoue yoo iioa?yiioth e?iaue,
/oiau ii?aaeaeeoue aa ianno, iauai ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui,
iiyoiio /oi ieacia i?ina/eaaaony, inoathony naonoee.
A oe?o?ae/aneie i?aeoeea iuoaeenue ii?aaeaeeoue iauai e?iaiiioa?e
?acee/iuie iaoiaeeeaie – naiay i?inoay ec ieo – acaaoeaaiea.
Acaaoeaatho oe?o?ae/aneee iaoa?eae – naeoaoee, ia?eth, oaiiiiu e o.i.
aei e iinea iia?aoeee e ii ?aciinoe aana iiaeii neacaoue neieueei
aueeeinue aeeaeeinoe a oaiiiiu e ia?eth. Yoio niinia iaaa?ai oae eae
oa?eee e oaiiiiu i?iieouaathony ia oieueei e?iaueth ii e ae?oaeie
aeeaeeinoyie, eioi?ua auaeaeythony ec ?acee/iuo i?aaiia e iieinoae.
Acaaoeaaiea iaoeeaioa. I?e yoii iaoiaea ?acei caauoai iieacaoaeue
ii?aaeaeyaiue e?iaiiioa?e oae eae /aeiaae oa?yao ca /an aei 0.5 ea aana
ca n/ao aeeaeeinoe auaeaeyaiie n iioii e auaeuoaaiui aicaeooii.
Eaai?aoi?iay aeeaaiinoeea. Yaain i?aaeeiaeee iaoiaeeeo ii?aaeaeaiey
eiee/anoaa e?iae o /aeiaaea. A aaio aaiaeeony 1% ?anoai? iaoeeaiiaiai
neiaai e /a?ac 10 ieioo aa?aony e?iaue ec ae?oaie aaiu,
oeaio?eooae?oaony, a caoai auyniytho neieueei aea a e?iae inoaeinue
yoiai e?aneoaey. Ii iioii ieacaeinue /oi yoa iaoiaeeea i/aiue iaoi/ia.
Neiueea i?aaenoaaeyao aeey i?aaiecia /oaea?iaeiia aauanoai, iiyoiio
oaaioeeou, iae?ioaae, a?aioeioeeou eioaineaii aa iiaeiuatho e yoi
niacuaaao ?acoeueoao. Ii?aaeaeytho oae iacuaaaiua aaiaoie?eoiia /enei.
aeey yoiai aa?aony oiieee noaeeyiiue eaieeey?, a eioi?ue iiiauaaony 0.1
ie e?iae, caoai eaieeey? iiiauatho a iaeaiueeoth oeaio?eooao, a oa/aiea
3-o ieioo oeaio?eooae?otho. Iinea yoiai y?eo?ioeeou caeioo
ii?aaeaeaiioth /anoue yoiai iauaia e n iiiiuueth eeiaeee ii?aaeaeytho
eaeoth aea i?ioeaioioth /anoue io iauaai iauaia e?iae ninoaaeytho
y?eo?ioeeou.
Iauee aea oee?eoee?othuee iauai i?aaenoaaeyao niaie noiio aeaoo
iauaiii – aeiaoey?iiai e ieaciaiiiai. O caei?iaiai /aeiaaea iauai
oee?eoee?othuae e?iae caaeneo io iiea e io iannu oaea, a aaiaoie?eoiia
/enei ioaeii ii?aaeaeyoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueii. O ioae/ei a ii?ia
aaiaoiaaiiia /enei ninoaaeyao 49-54, o aeaiuei 39-49%. A n?aaeiai ianna
e?iae ninoaaeyao 1/12 /anoue iannu anaai i?aaiecia. Ciay ianno oaea
iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue aeieaeiue iauai oee?eoee?othuae e?iae. Au/eoay ec
aeieaeiiai iauaia oee?eoee?othuae e?iae oaeoe/aneee, e iniaaiii
ioaeaeueii aeieaeiue aeiaoey?iue iauai iu iiaeai ii?aaeaeeoue eaeia
aeaoeoeeo e?iae. Iaaei neacaoue /oi eaai?aoi?iay aeeaaiinoeea oiaea
iaoi/ia. Iieacaoaee aaiiaeiaeia, y?eo?ioeeoia caaenyo io a?aiaie
e?iaiiioa?e. Aeaei a oii, /oi a oa/aiea iieo/ana n ia/aea e?iaioa/aiey
aua ia oniaaatho aeeth/eoueny eiiiainaoi?iua iaoaieciu, i?ienoiaeyo
iinoaiaiiia naouaiea e?iae, iioiio /oi oeaie aa?oo ec e?iaaiiniiai ?onea
i?aaeiaa eiee/anoai aeeaeeinoe, ia ciay /oi iaaei yeiiiieoue
aeeaeeinoue. A aeaeaa ?acaaaeyaony a iauaia ieaciu. Oi anoue yoe
iieacaoaee i?aaenoaaeytho oeaiiinoue oieueei anee iu ciaai neieueei
a?aiaie i?ioei n ia/aea e?iaioa/aiey. Iiyoiio a iniiaa aeeaaiinoeee
noaiaie e?iaiiioa?e iaaei noaaeoue eeeieeo: eniieuecotho oieiaue eiaeaen
Aeueaiaa?a, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie /anoioo ioeuena, aeaeaiioth ia
aaee/eio nenoiee/aneiai aeaaeaiey. Anee eiaeaen Aeueaiaa?a io 0.5 aei 1
oi yoi eaaeay e?iaiiioa?y. Io 1 aei 1.5 – e?iaiiioa?y n?aaeiae oyaeanoe,
io 1.5 aei 2 – oyaeaeay. Eiaao cia/aiea oaeie aeeaaiinoe/aneee
iieacaoaeue eae oeaao eiiuthieoeau. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aai ioaiaeyo
ieaeiaa aaei, i?e eaaeie e?iaiiioa?a – iii naaoei-?iciaay, i?e
e?iaiiioa?a n?aaeiae oyaeanoe – aeaaeii-i?aiaeaaay, anee e?iaiiioa?y
oyaeaeay oi eiiuthieoeaa i?eia?aoaao na?ue oeaao.
INOAIIAEA E?IAIOA*AIEss ( AAIINOAC).
Aaiinoac iiae?acaeaeyaony ia naiii?iecaieueiue ( n o/anoeai oieueei
naa?ouaathuae nenoaiu e?iae e eiiiainaoi?iuo iaoaieciia naiiai
i?aaiecia). E niacio ninoaeia i?eaiaeeo aeoeaaoeey
neiiaoeei-aae?aiaeiaie nenoaiu. Iaeiaei e?iaioa/aiea iiaeao
aiciaiiaeoueny /a?ac eaeia-oi a?aiy iinea inoaiiaee.
A?aiaiiay inoaiiaea e?iaioa/aiey. AEaoo iiaeii i?eiaiyoue i?e
a?oa?eaeueiii e?iaioa/aiee e oieueei i?e iai. I?e aaiiciii e?iaioa/aiee
aeinoaoi/ii aeaayuae iiaycee ia ianoi e?iaioa/aiey. I?e iia?aaeaeaiee
ninoaeia a eieoaaie eee iiaeeieaiiie yiea iiaeii i?eiaieoue iaeneiaeueii
naeaaiea eiia/iinoe, iiaeeiaeea a yieo ia?eaaue oaiiii. I?e
iia?aaeaeaiee iiaeeeth/e/iie a?oa?ee yooaeoeaii iaeneiaeueiia
?acaeaaiea, eiaaea eieoaaua nonoaau naeeaeathony ia nieia.
Iaeiaeaiea caaeeia a ?aia. Ai?acaei aieaa aaciianiue iaoiae, /ai
iaeiaeaiey aeaooa. Aeey yoiai aa?aony e?iaiinoaiaaeeaathuee caaeei,
aaiaeeony a ?aio n niieioouie a?aioaie, aeinoeaaaony e?iaioi/auee
ninoae, ?acaiaeyo a?aioe e iaaeeaiii naeeaeatho, /oiau ia ia?aaeaoue i?e
yoii ia?aiuo noaieia. Ai a?aiy AIA e?iaiinoaiaaeeaathuee aeaoo
iaeeaaeuaaeny eaaeaeiio o?aoueaio ?aiaiiio aac aeinoaoi/iuo ia oi
iniiaaiee, i?e yoii o eaaeaeiai aeanyoiai ?aiaiiai eioi?iio iaeeaaeuaaee
aeaoo ?acaeaaeny neiae?ii aeaaaneoey?ecaoeee ( neiae?ii aeaooa),
aiaeiae/aneee neiae?iio aeeeoaeueiiai naeaaeaiey ee o?aaiaoe/aneiio
oieneeico. Yoi ninoiyiea a oa a?aiaia auei iaecea/eiui, ?aiaiua oie?aee
io III.
AEaoo iaaei i?eiaiyoue iinea iii?iaeiaiey aai, /oiau e?iaioa/aiea ia
i?iaeieaeaeinue iaaei i?eiaieoue nia/aea iaeueoeaaia i?eaeaoea. I?e
i?aaeeueii iaeiaeaiiii aeaooa eiaea ia eiia/iinoe aoaeao ia
aaa?iai-neithoiaai, a aaeiai oeaaoa. E aeaooo aeieaeia i?eeaaaoueny
caienea, aaea oeacaii a?aiy iaeiaeaiey aeaooa. Anee a?aiy aeaenoaey
aeaooa i?ioei, aai iaaei niyoue, i?eiaiea iaeueoeaaia i?eaeaoea ( ia
iaeioi?ia a?aiy e?iainiaaaeaiea eiia/iinoe aoaeao ca n/ao
eieeaoa?aeueiiai e?iaiia?auaiey), a caoai niiaa caoyaeaathony aeaoo.
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