Oaaaeeoaeueiay i?inueaa ia eniieueciaaoue aeieoiaio iieiinoueth, aac
eciaiaiee. Oaaaeaeoa o?oae aaoi?ia!!!
EEEIEEA, AeEAAIINOEEA, EA*AIEA AEIA?IEANOE*. I?IOeANNIA YIAeIIAO?Ess.
Yoiieiaey e iaoiaaiac
Iiiai/eneaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iiaeoaa?aeaeatho, /oi a iaoii” iaya
i?aaeiiooieaauo ninoiyiee yiaeiiao?ey aaaeiay ?i.eue i?eiaaeeaaeeo
ai?iiiaeueiui ia?ooaieyi. Ii?iaeueiua eciaiaiey neecenoie iaoee ai a?aiy
iaino?oaeueiiai oeeeea e oeacaiiua auoa iaoieiae/aueeea eciaiaiey
yiaeiiao?ey iaoneiaeaiu ia?aiuie e yiaeie?eiiuie oaeoi?aie,
iaoiaeyueieny iaaeaeo niaie a neiaeiii i iiiaiia?aciii acaeiiaeaenoaee.
Iaa nenoaiu, ia?aiay e yiaeie?eeiay, iauaaeeiythony aeiioaeaionii,
iae?inae?aoi?iua eeaoee eioi?iai caieiatho i?iiaaeooi/iia iieiaeaiea
iaaeaeo /enoi ia?aiuie e aeaeacenouie, oi anoue, n iaeiie noi?iiu, ei
i?enoua, eae iau/iie ia?aiie eeaoea, aini?eieiaoue e ia?aaeaaaoue
ia?aiua eiioeuenu, a n ae?oaie-i?iaeooee?iaaoue e auaeaeyoue nae?aou
(iae?iai?iiiu). ?acee/atho aeaa aeaea aeiioaeaie/aieeo nae?aoia,
aeeythueo ia ai?iiiiia?aciaaoaeueiua ooieoeee aeiioeca. Iaeie,
noeioee?othuea auaeaeaiea aiiioeya?iuo ai?iiiia, auee iacaaiu ?aeeceia-
o aeoi? aie, eee oaeoi?aie ?ac?aoaiey; ae?oaea, eioi?ua oaiaoatho e
ineaaeytho auaeaeaiea ai?iiiia aeiioeca, iieo/eee iacaaiea
eiaeaeoi?-oaeoi?ia. Aeiioaeaion inouanoaeyao naia eceeyiea ia
‘ia?eoa?e/aneee yiaeie?eiiue aoiia?ao /a?ac aeiioec, ‘eioi ?ue, a naith
i/a?aaeue, auaeaeyao aiiaaeio?iiiua ai?iiiu (oieee-eoeinoeioee?othuee,
ethoaeiece?othuee e ‘i?ieaeoei).
Aei ia?eiaea iieiaiai nic?aaaiey ‘aacaeueiay, eee iinoiyiiay, nae?aoeey
aiiaaeio?aiiuo ai?iiiia i?ienoiaeeo aac o/anoey aein* oaeaiona. I?e
aeinoeaeaiee iieiaie c?aeinoe aeeioaeaie/aneea nae?aou iaoneaaeeaatho
iineaaeiaaoaeueiia (oeeeee/aneia) iiauoaiea i?iaeoeoeee aiiaaeio?iiiuo
ai?iiiia, /oi iaania/eaaao ?ino e nic?aaaaea oieeeeoea, iaoeyoeeth,
ia?aciaaiea aeaeoiai oaea e nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiauoaieai eiee/anoaa
yno?iaaiia a 1 oaco iaino?oaeueiiai oeeeea e i?iaanoa?iia e yno?iaaoia
ai 11 oaco oeeeea.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy auyaeaiu iaoaieciu ia?aciaaiey ia?aoiuo naycae eae
aeeeiiuo (iaaeaeo ye/ieeaie, OeI N e aeiioecii), oae e ei?ioeeo (iaaeaeo
o?iaiai ONA, EA e ?ae eceia- o aeoi? a’ ie). Iauai?eciaii, /oi
aeia?ieanoe/aneia eciaiaiey a yiaeiiao?ee aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa
ia?ooaiey iae?iyiaeie?eiiie ?aaoeyoeee, aneaaenoaea /aai ?acei
eciaiyaony niioiioaiea aiia – aeio?iiiuo e iieiauo ai?iiiia A iniiaa
ia?aciaaiey aeia?ieacee yiaeiiao?ey eaaeeo aea?ooaiea iaoeyoeee, eioi?ia
i?ienoiaeeo ii oeio ia?nenoaioeee (ia?aaeeaaiey) oieeeeoeia eee eo
ao?a-cee. Aaeaeo ionoonoaey iaoeyoeee, auiaaeaao ethoaeiiaay oaca
oeeeea.
Nieaeaiea o?iaiy i?iaanoa?iia, eioi?ue a ii?ia aucuaaao oeeeee/aneea
nae?aoi?iua i?aia?aciaaiey yiaeiiao?ey, i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi yno?iaaiu
eeai a ?acoeueoaoa cia/eoaeueiiai iiauoaiey, eeai i?e aeeeoaeueiii
aicaeaenoaee aucuaatho i?ieeoa?aoea- * – _– – a-‘”.; .”‘a*
‘-‘”aaianiciu** iiauoaiey, eeai i?e aeeeoa./ueiii aicaeaenoaee aucuaatho
i?ieeoa?aoea-yua eciaiaiey a neecenoie iaiei/ea iaoee. A ?ai?iaeoeoeaiii
e i?aiaiiiaocaeueiii ia?eiaeao /aua ioia/aaony ia?nenoaioeey oieeeeoeia.
Iaeiaei iiaeao eiaoue ianoi e ao?acaey iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo
oieeeeoeia, eioi?ua, ia aeinoeaay c?aeinoe, iiaeaatho, a yoi i?eaiaeeo e
nieaeaieth nae?aoeee yno?iaaiia, /oi, Aiaith i/a?aaeue, noeioee?oao
nae?aoeeth aiiaaeio?iieiia e aucuaaao ?ino iiauo oieeeeoeia e iiaia
iiauoaiea yno?iaaiia. I?e ao?acee oieeeeoeia nae?aoeey yno?iaaiia
aieiiia?aciay, ia aeinoeaaao aunieeo o?iaiae, a oi aea a?aiy ioia/aaony
ioiineoaeueiue ecauoie yno?iaaiia ec-ca nieaeaiey ayoeyno?iaaaeiiai
aeeyiey i?i-aanoa?iia. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea yno?iaaiia i?eaiaeeo
e /?acia?iie i?ieeoa?aoeee yiaeiiao?ey: neecenoay ooieuaaony, aeaeacu
oaeeeiythony, a ieo ia?acothony enoia a?aciua ?anoe?aiey.
Ii ia?a noa?aiey i?aaiecia oaaee/eaaaony aeoeaiinoue aeiioaeaie/aneiai
oeaio?a, ?aaoee?othuaai nae?aoeeth ONA. Nae?aoeey ONA aic?anoaao,
aucuaay eiiiainaoi?iia oneeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe ye/ieeia: ye/ieee
ia/eiatho a aic?anoathuai eiee/anoaa nae?aoe*ioeaoue aianoi
eeanne/aneeo yno?iaaiia (yno?aaeeiea e yno?iia) oae iacuaaaiua
iaeeanne/aneea oaiienoa?ieaeu, eioi?ua au?aaaouaathony, aeaaiui ia?acii,
ca n/ao ?ac?anoaiey oaea-oea/aae (Aeacoiia I. O., 1961; Aieiai ss. A.,
1976, 1980; Aeeeueiai A. I., 1974). A iineaaeieo ?aaioao 3. A. Aioiaia
eiaaony niiauaiea i oii, /oi enoi/ieeii aeia?cno?iaaiee (iniaaiii a
iaiiiaoca) neaaeoao n/eoaoue ecauoi/ioth ianno oaea e iaoneiaeaiioth
yoei iiauoaiioth a?iiaoecaoeeth aiae?iaaiia a yno?i-aaiu a aee?iaie
oeaie. Oaeei ia?acii, .ianiaoeeoe/aneea aeey ?ai?iaeoeoeaiie nenoaiu
ia?ooaiey aee?iaiai iaiaia iiin?aaei-aaii, /a?ac eciaiaiiue
noa?ieaeiaaiac i?eaiaeyo e aeia?yno?iaa-iee e aicieeiiaaieth
aeia?ieanae/aneeo i?ioeannia yiaeiiao?ey.
Ii?oieiae/anee ai ia?ee a noe /a iee a i?ioeannu a yiaeiiao?ee
oa?aeoa?ecothony ?ac?anoaieai e iia?oaeaieai ieanoia yieoaeey a
‘iiaeeaaeauoth oeaiue. Aaeeinoaaiiui ii?oieiae/aneei e?eoa?eai ?acee/iuo
oi?i AIY i?e iaoieiaee yiaeiiao?ey yaeyaony oa?aeoa? aeaeac.
AEaeacenoay* aeaeacenoi-eenoiciay aeia?ieacey.
Aeey aeaiiie iaoieiaee oa?aeoa?ii en/aciiaaiea aeaeaiey yiaeiiao?ey ia
aacaeueiue e ooieoeeiiaeueiue neie. E1aaeaeo yiaeiiao?eai e iiiiao?eai
nio?aiyaony /aoeay a?aieoea, eiee/anoai aeaeac Oaaee/aii, eo oi?ia e
?aniieiaeaiea i/aiue ia?aaiiia?iu. *anoue aeaeac i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea
eeno, aunoeaiiuo iaeii?yaeiui yieoaeeai n /aoei i/a?/aiiui aieeaeueiui
e?aai eeaoie. Caeia iaaeueiua eee ianeieueei auoyiooua, aiaaoua
o?iiaoeiii. A no?aia eiaaony aonoay naoue a?ae?ioeeueiuo aieieii, naie
eeaoee no?aiu ianeieueei oaaee/aiu a iauaia. Aenoieiae/aneay ea?oeia
i?eia?aoaao aeae oaaeoea?neiai nu?a . Iieeei-aeaeiay oi?ia aeaeacenoie
aeia?ieacee (iieeiic) ia?acoaony aneaaenoaea aeaeueiaeoaai
i?ia?anne?iaaiey aacaeueiie aeia?ieacee. Neecenoay ooieuaia,
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie e?iaioi/auoth oeaiue n iieeiiaeaeiuie aunooiaie. E.
A. Aeaauaeianeee ioia/ae, /oi aeieeiiaeaeiua ?ac?anoaiey aeaeac
i?eieiatho ooiii?i-ia?aciue aeae e ?aniieaaathony aeecei ae?oa e ae?oao
nieia a nieio .
Yiaeiiao?eaeueiia iieeiu (aeaeacenoua* aeaeacenoi-oea?iciua).
Oi?oa iieeia /aua ie?oaeay eee iaaeueiay* eiaaony ?acaeaeaiea ia oaei e
iiaeeo. Iieeiu oa?aeoa?ecothony ?ac?anoaieai iie?iaiiai e aeaeacenoiai
yieoaeey aianoa n iiaeeaaeauae oeaiueth. No?aia ninoieo ec oea?iciuo
eaeaaeeiiuoaoiuo yeaiaioia. I?e i?aiaeaaeaiee oea?iciuo yeaiaioia iaae
aeaeac enouie yiethiu iinyo iacaaiea aeaeacenoi-oea?iciuo. Iieeiu iiaoo
auoue aaeeii/euie e iiiaeanoaaiiuie, /aua anaai iie ?aniieaaathony a
iaeanoe aeia e o?oaiuo oaeia oaea iaoee. Ia?oaeiay iiaa?oiinoue iau/ii
aeaaeeay, ?iciaiai Oeaaoa, ii iiaeao auoue iano?ie ia aeae ec-ca
eiathueony i/aaia ecuycaeaiee e e?iaieceeyiee a ?acoeueoaoa ia?ooaiey
e?iaiia?auaiey. I?e aenoieiae/aneii enneaaeiaaiee iaia?oaeeaaaony:
aeaeacu ?acee/iie aaee/eiu, ?ani?aaeaeaiu ia?aaiiia?ii, ia io?aaeatho
oacu .iaino?oaeueiiai oeeeea, /anoue eo iiaeao i?iieeaoue a ieiiao?ee
(/oi cao?oaeiyao ea/aiea), a no?aia iiiaeanoai oea?iciuo yeaiaioia e
?anoe?aiiuo e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia n ooieuaiiuie neea?ice-?iaaiiuie noaiea
u e. Aeeaaiinoeea iieeiia cao?oaeiyaony, naee a nineie iiiaaeaao ia
aanue iieei, a oieueei aai o?aaiaiou.
Aoeie/aneay aeia?ieacey yiaeiiao?ey.
I?eciaee aoeie/aneiai i?aa?auaiey iiaoo auoue au?aaeaiu a ?acee/iie
noaiaie e iaaethaeaoueny ia anai i?ioyaeaiee oaia? – ieace?iaaiiie
neecenoie eee oieueei ia ioaeaeueiuo aa o/anoeao. I?e iaee/ee i/aaa
aoeiee a ‘iieeia aiai?yo iaaaeneiiaoiceeo iieeiao. Aoiiey no?iaiey
aeaeac au?aaeaaony /aua a aeaea aaeaiii aoica – /?acia?iie aonoioa
aeaeac, oaaee/aiee eo /enea.?anoe?aiea aeaeac i?e yoii iau/ii ia i/aiue
au?aaeaii. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa aeaeacu neeueii ecaeoua, n
iiiai/eneaiiuie ?acaaoaeaieyie e ?aniieaaathony oae ieioii ae?oa aicea
ae?oaa, /oi ianoaie ii/oe auoaniytho niaie no?aio. Iaeioi?ua aeaeacu
?anoe?aiu, eiatho nini/eiaua au?inou ii eaei?aaeaieth i?inaaoa aeaeacu.
Ia aenoieiae/aneei n?aca iie aeatho ‘ea?oeio, ecaanoioth iiae iacaaieai
aeaeaca a aeaeaca .
Aoiiey eeaoie yieoaeey aeaeac i?iyaeyaony a aieaa eee iaiaa au?aaeaiiie
eo aiaieacee, oi anoue oaeii i?aa?auaiee yoeo eeaoie, i?e eioi?ii iie
noaiiayony iieiaea , iaiaa aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiuie, /ai enoiaeiua eeaoee
oeeeeiae?e/aneiai yieoaeey. Aiaieace?iaaiiua eeaoee aeaeacenoiai
yieoaeey oa?ytho niiniaiinoue aaeaeaaoii ioaa/aoue ia ai?iiiaeueiua
aeeyiey. *ai au?a-aeaiaaa ayaieacey, oai auoa niiniaiinoue eeaoie e
aaoiiiiiiio, iaoi?aaeyaiiio ?inoo. Aiaieacey aeaeacenoiai yieoaeey
i?iyaeyaony a oaaey/aiee ?acia?ia eeaoie e eo yaea? e aieaa naaoeii,
aeaaeiii eo ie?aoeaaiee. Eiiaaea yae?a ie?aoeaathony iieeo?iiii.
Ia?auaao ia naay aieiaiea iiauoaiiay oaiaeaioeey e i?ieeoa?aoeee
aiaaaeaci?iaai*iai aeaeacenoiai yieoaeey. Ii iiaeao ?aniieaaaoueny a
ianeieueei neiaa, ia?aciauaaoue ?acaaoaeaiey e au?inou a i?inaaou
aeaeac.
Aoeie/aneia i?aa?auaiea yieoaeey iiaeao i?iyaeyoueny oaeaea a aeaea a e
a i o i c a – oaeie o?ainoi?iaoeee oeeeeiae?e/aneiai yieoaeey aeaeac,
.i?e eioi?ie ii noaiiaeony iioiaeei ia ieineee iiiaineieiue yieoaeee ii
aiaoiaio aeaeo eeaoi/iuo yeaiaioia e ii oa?aeoa?o eo ?inoa.
Inaaaeiieineieeaoi/iue yieoaeee ia?acoao ocae’*, auiy/eaathueany a
‘i?inaaou aeaeac, eiiaaea ii/oe aeieaeiinoue e) eo caiieiyy.
EEEIE*ANEEA I?IssAEAIEss
Eeeie/anee AIY i?iyaeythony ia?ooaieai iaino?oaeueiie ooieoeee. I?e
?acaeoee caaieaaaiey iiaeii iaaethaeaoue aiacaiiia ianooieaiea
‘e?iaioa/aiey, (i?e eioi?ii e?iciiioa?y aeinoeaaao cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie, ineaaeyao aieueioth, e?eaiaeeo 1* aiaiee. A ae?oaeo neo/ayo
e?iaioa/aiea iaiaeeueiia, ii aeeeoaeueiia, i?iaeieaeaaony ianeieueei
iaaeaeue, a eiiaaea ‘ianyoeaa e oaeaea i?eaiaeeo e aoi?e/iie aiaiee. Ii
oa?aeoa?o ‘e?iaioa/aiey o aieueiuo n AIY iiaoo auoue eae aoeeeee/aaeeie,
oae e oetheee/aieeie. Aoeeeee/aneea e?iaioa/aiey /aua aicieeatho iinea
aiaii?ae ?acee/iie i?iaeieaeeoaeeiinoe (io 6-8 iaae aei ianeieueeeo
ianyoeaa).
Eiiaaea iie ‘i?iyaeythony /a?ac 2-3 iaae aainea ieii/aiey i?aaeuaeouae
iaino?oaoeee eee ‘e?iaioa/aiey. A iieiaeia aic?anoa i?e, iaee/ee
aaeaiii aoiciuo ‘iieeiia e nio?aiaiee ii?iaeueiie ooieoeee yiaeiiao?ey
iaaethaeathony iaaeiaino?oaeueiua e?iayiua auaeaeaiey. Oeeeee/aneea
e?iaioa/aiey ianooiatho a n?ie i/a?aaeiie i nia-o?o a aethi,
i?iaeieaeathony aeeeoaeueii e niiiiaiaeaeathony yaeaieyie aiaiee *iauay
neaainoue, iaae(*’*)o’aii* ?iaiaeaeathony yaeaieyie aiaiee (iauay
neaainoue!, iaaeiiiaaiea, aieiaie?oaeaiea e o. e.)- e?iayiua auaeaeaiey,
aiciee*iea a iin”iaii!iaocaeueiii ia?eiaea, anaaaea aeieaeiu
?anoeaieaaoueny eae i?eciae i?aae?aaeiaiai ninoiyiey ee e ?aea.
?yae enneaaeiaaoaeae ioia/atho ianooieaiea iaiiiaocu iinea 50 eao aieaa
/ai o iieiaeiu-aieueiuo n AIY. Iicaeiaa ianooieaiea iaiiiaocu oaeeeiyao
ia?eiae aeaenoaey ai?iiiia ye/ieeia, i?aeiouanoaaiii yno?iaaiia, oae eae
ei ia?a oaaee/aiey any-?anoa ia?anoaao /anoioa aiiaoeyoi?iuo oeeeeia.
Oi?ioi ecaanoai oaeo /anoiai ni/aoaiey aeia?ieacee i ?aea yiaeiiao?ey n
iaee?aieai, aeia?oiie/aneie aieaciueth, aeeaaaoii, iaoneiae/nneei
eciaiaieai ooieoeee ia/aie.
Ia?aaeei iaaethaeaaony ni/aoaiea oaaoi.*iaee yiaeiiao?ey n
aeia-ai?iiiaeueiuie i?ieeoa?aoeaiuie eciaiaieyie a iiei/iie aeaeaca i n
ieiiie iaoee, /oi oeacuaaao ‘ia iauiinoue iaoieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia,
aucaaiiuo ia?ooaieai ai?iiiaeueiiai aaeain a .
Ia?a/eneaiiua ‘eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey iicaieytho ?yaeo a a- oa?ie
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi AIY e ?ae yiaeiiao?ey ?acaeaathony v aeaioeaeai
ii?aaeaeaaeiiai oeia, eiathueo ia i?ioyaeaiee aeecie aeeeoaeueiua
ia?eiaeu oaia? yno?iaaiee a nayce n ia?ooaieai ae-iioaeaii-aeiioeca?iie
?aaoeyoeee. Aieueiuo n yiaeie?eiii-iaiaiiui neiae?ii_ e iaee/eai
iaoieiaee yiaeiiao?ey 3. A. Aio-iae (1977) ‘i?aaeeaaaao ‘ioiineoue e 1
iaoiaaiaoe/aneiio aa?eaioo. I?e aeaeueiaeoai ianeaaeiaaiee o oaeeo
aieueiuo auyaeyaony i?inoay eee aoeie/aneay ae ia?ee acey neecenoie
iaiei/ee iaoee. Iiaeiaiue neiae?ii /anoi iaaethaeaaony e i?e
aunieiaeeooa-?aioee?iaiiie aaeaiiea?oeeiiia oaea iaoee. Ii aeaiiui
aaoi?a, n?aaee anao aeia?ieacee yiaeiiao?ey yoe aieueiua ninoaaeytho
aeaa o?ao??. 1*i 11 iaoiaaiaoe/aneiio aa?eaioo *aieueiua aac
au?aaeaiiiai iae?iyiaeie?eiiiai neiae?iia) /aua ioiinyony aieueiua n
yiaeiiao?eaeueiuie (‘iaaaeaiiiaoiciuie) iieeiaie. Auaeaeaiea
iaoiaaiaoe/aneeo aa?eaioia iicaieyao aieaa aeeooa?aioee?iaaae-ii
.iiaeoiaeeoue e ea/aieth ai?iiiaaaee.
Oaeei ia?acii, o aieueoeinoaa aieueiuo n AIY ioia/aaony iinoiyinoai
eeeie/aneeo i?i/oaiee aiiaoeyoeee (aeenooieoeei-i a e uei ua i aoi/i ua
e? i aioa/ a i ee a niie iaeea e ae ia ? a e/ii a , oae e aoi?e/iia,
iicaeiaa ianooieaiea iaiiiaocu), o aieueoeinoaa aieueiuo ioia/athony
yiaeie?eiii-iaiaiiua ia?ooaiey a eeea iaee?aiey, iiieaeaiiie
oiea?aioiinoe e aetheica, iaoieiae/aneea eciaiaiey ooieoeee ia/a*e,
aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue.
AeEAAIINOEEA
Aeyaa1ainoeea iniiauaaaony ia aeaiiuo aiaiiaca, iauaeoeaiiai
ianeaaeiaaiey (eae i*auaai, oae e aeiaeieiae/aneiai),
aniiyaei-aaoaeueiuo iaoiaeao enneaaeiaaiey.
Ianeaaeiaaiea aieueiuo aeieaeii auoue eiiieaeniui. I?e eco/aiee aeaiiuo
aiaiiaca iniaia aieiae ia neaaeoao ia?aoeoue ia ianeaaenoaaiiinoue,
iniaaiiinoe iaino?oaeueiiai oeeeea a i?ioeii, ninoiyiea aeaoi?iaeiie
ooieoeee, oth ? ae nnaee u a iauea e aeiaeieiae/aneea caaieaaaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiae?iaii auyaeoue aee-iaieeo* aeia?.ieanoe/aueeiai
i?ioeanna, aai ? aoeeaeeae? naaeea, ouaoaeueii i?iaiaeece?iaaoue
ea/anoai e yooaeoeaiinoue i?aaeuaeouaai ea/aiey AIY.
Oeaeaniia?acii o aieueiuo n AIY ianeaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeoue aeoeooyoaoai*
1 – a aiaoeaoi?iuo oneiaeyo, 11 -aieaa o*aeo*aeai- iia, a noaoeeiia?a.
Oa’e eae a yoeieiaee e iaoiaaiaca AIY iniaay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo
ooieoeeiiaeueiiio ninoiyieth ye/ieeia, oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a ?aaioa
a?a/a aeaineie eiinoeueoaoeee iieo/eee oanou ooieoeeiiaeueiie
aeeaaiinoeee. Iaeaieaa aeinoo/e iiiei?inouiyaeyaonyecia?aiea
?ioaeueiieoaiia?aoo?u, ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo eioi?iai aiciiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue aeaoooaciinoue oeeeea. Aieueoaa ?anoi?ino?ainiea iieo/ee
eieue-i iaoe i o i e i a e / a n e i e *1 a o i ae, eioi?ue iniiaai ia
niiniaiinoe aeaaaeeuiiai yieoaeey ?aaae?iaaoue ia ai?iiiaeueioth
ianuuaiiinoue. A aaaei aeueiuo iaceao naiuie aeaaiuie yeaiaioaie
yaeythony iooi?aoeany yieoaeeaeueiua eeaoee ?aciuo oeiia, ii ninoiyaaith
eioi?uo no*aeyo i ooieoeeiiaeueiuo eciaiaieyo a ye/ieeao. Aeey yoiai
iieuecothony ii?aaeaeaieai ea?eiieeii-o e/a neiai e iaeaen a ( EI ) – i
oa i o ae ee ii aa?oiinoi u o ee noie ieineiai yieoaeey n ieeyioe/aneei
yae?ii e iauaio /eneo* ii* aa?oiinoiuo eeaoie. Aunieee ‘e a ? iieeee io
e/an e e e eiaeaen oeacuaaao ia aeinoaoi/iia eee ecauoi/iia niaea?aeaiea
yno?iaaiiuo ai?iiiia, /oi oa?aeoa?ii aeey aeia?ieacee yiaeiiao?ey. E?iia
ia ?a/ Iaea iiu o iaoiaea a oo*ieoeeii aeueiie aee a aiinoeee, a ? a /
aea i-neie eiinoeueoaoeee ii?aaeaeyao neiioii c ? a / e a , a ? a i ?
ec a oe e e. o a e i i a i a i a o y ae a i e y n e e c ae oe n ? a e e
a e ue i i – a i e a i a e a (a ii?ia 3-4 ni, i?e yno?iaaiiie
ianuuaiiinoeaei 10-12 ni). Yoe naienoaa nae?aoa aeaeac oea?aeeaeueiiai
eaiaea caaenyo io niaea?aeaiey ‘iieiauo ai?iiiia.
A ea/ anoaa ia?ae/iiai iaaeaeiaaiey iiaeii ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue oe e o i ae
i a e / a n e i a e n n e a ae i a a e i a a n e e ? a o i a e n
i u-a i a e c i i e i n o e i a o e e.
Iniiaiie caaea/ae oeeoieiae/aneiai iaoiaea yaeyaony iaia?o*-aeaiea e
eco/aiea eciaiaiee, i?ienoiaeyueo a eeaoeao y!iaeiiao-?ey, i?e
aeia?ieaceyo ioia/aaony oaaee/aiea yaea? ii n?aaiaieth n ?acia?aie
eeaoee, iieeii?oeci aaee/eiu e oi?iu ioaeaeueiuo eeaoie.
Aieaa oaeoaeaiiia ianeaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeony a noaoeeiia?a. *i aeeth/aao
iauaeeeie/aneia enneaaeiaaiea e?iae, aei*eie-yaneia enn*eaaeiaaiea
aee?iaiai, oaeaaiaeiiai iaiaia, ooeeoeei-iaeueiiai ninoiyiey ia/aie,
ii/ae e, ii iieacaieyi, ooieoeee ueoiaeaeiie aeaeoie e ae?oaeo aeaeac.
N?aaee nouanoaothueo iiiai/eneaiiuo iaoiaeia aeeaaiinoeee iaoieiaee
yiaeiiao?ey neaaeoao n/eoaoue iaeaieaa aeinoiaa?iui e iauaeoeaiu’*
aenoieiae/aneia enneaaeiaaiea ninei-aia neecenoie oea?aeeaeueiiai eaiaea
e iieinoe iaoee, iieo/aiiuo i?e ?acaeaeueiii aeeaaiinoe/aneii
auneaaeeaaiee. ?aniiciaaaiea i?aaeiiooieaauo ninoiyiee yiaeiiao?ey
yaeyaony iaeiei ec iaeaieaa neiaeiuo ?acaeaeia aenoieiae/aneie
aeeaaiinoeee, oae eae iie aicieeatho ia oiia ia?ooaiee ai?iiiaeueiiai
aaeaina e eiatho ii?aaeaeaiiia ii?oieiae/aneia noiaenoai.
Aniiiiaaoaeueiui ‘iaoiaeii e ii?oieiae/aneie oa?aeoa?enoeea caaeai ao? e
y neoaeeo aenoioeie/aneee iaoiae, i?e eioi?ii iieacaoaee ieoioe/aneiai
?aaeeia iiaoo auoue ?acee/iu i?e iaeiie e oie aea aenoieiae/aneie
ea?oeia. Iiauoaiea i?ieeoa?a* oeaiie aeoeaiinoe oiaie nii?iaiaeaeaaony
eciaiaieai ieoioe/a-neiai ?aaeeia e iiyaeaieai iaoi.oiae/aneeo oi?i
Ieoa;*, eiee/anoai ‘eioi?uo cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaaaony ei ia?a
i?ia?anne-?iaaiey iaoieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna. O/aiuie aeieacaii, /oi
e?eoa?eai a?aae?aaea ae ia ? ie a ae?ia a i iiaa yiaeiiao?ey neaaeoao
n/eoaoue oaaee/aiea /enea iaoieiae/aneeo ieoicia aei 30% e auoa (oi
anoue eaaeaeay o?aouey eeaoea aeaeeony iai?aaeeueii). Oeeoieiae/aneea
iniaaiiinoe a aeia?ieace?iaaieii yiaeiiao?ee iiyaeythony ia 2-2,5 aiaea
?aiueoa, /ai oi?ie?othony yaiua i?eciaee iaeeaiecaoeei.
A e n o a ? i n e i i e y – iaoiae iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iniio?a iieinoe
iaoee iioe/aneei i?eai?ii. I?e aeia?ieacee aeaeai yiaeiiao?ee,
ia?aaiiia?ii ooieuaiiue, eiiaaea n iieeiiaeaeauie-?ac?anoaieyie e
ia?iaiie iiaa?oiinoueth. Oeaao – io aeaaeii-?iciaiai aei y?ei-e?aniiai,
aeaeiu e?iaieceeyiey e ninoaeu. Iieeiu yiaeiiao?ey; oi?ia e aaee/eia eo
naiay ?aciiia?aciay (ie?oaeay, i?iaeieaiaaoay, eiioniaeaeiay,
auoyiooay), ?acia?aie-io 0,5-1 aei 3-6 ni. Iiaa?oiinoue /aua aeaaeeay,
?iaiay, a iaeioi?uo ianoao iaae iiaa?oiinoueth aunooiatho eenoiciua
ia?aciaaiey n oiieie noaieie. Iieeiu /aua ?aniieaaathony a onoueyo
iaoi/iuo o?oa. Aaeaiiiaoiciua iieeiu auaeyaeyo aieaa ooneeuie, ?uoeuie,
n ia?iaiie iiaa?oiinoueth.
A e n o a ? i a ? a o e y – yoi ?aioaaiieiae/aneee iaoiae ennea-eiaaaey
n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aaaaeaieai eiio?anoiiai aauanoia a iieinoue iaoee.
I?e aeia?ieacee yiaeiiao?ey oa?aeoa?iue_ i?eciaeii ia ?aioaaiia?aiia
yaeyaony ia?iaiinoue eiioo?ia iieinoe iao*. E?iia oiai, o iiiaeo
aieueiuo iiaoo eiaoue ianoi oaeea ?aioaaiieiae/aneea neiioiiu, aae
aeaoaeou iaeieiaiey, ia?aa-iiia?aeay eioaineaiinoue oaie a iieinoe
.iaoee.
? a ae e i e c i o ii i u e i a o i ae yaeyaony aanueia oeaiiui
aeeaaeinoe/aieei ethoiaeii n eniieueciaaieai ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai oinoi?a
**?- I?e iiiaaeaiee aai a e?iaue aia/aea i?ienoiaee? ?aaiiia?iia aai
?ani?aaeaeaiea a i?aaiecia, a caoai iaeiieaiea a ioaeaeueiuo i?aaiao e
oeaiyo. Noaiaiue iaeiieaiey caaeneo io eioaineaiinoe iaiaia aauanoa,
i?iieoeaaiinoe eeaoi/iuo iaia?ai, ieoioe/aneie aeoeaiinoe oeaiae. Ii
aeaiiui iiiae* aaoi?ia, i?ienoiaeeo cia/eoaeueiia iaeiieaiea
?aaeeiaeoeaiiai oinoi?a aeia?ieace?iaaiiui yiaeiiao?eai. A ii?ia
iaeiieaiea *O ?aaiiia?iia a iaeanoe aeia iaoee iaiaa CII*i n
‘iinoa-iaiiui nieaeaieai aei 100%. I?e aaeaiiiaoica, iniaaiii i/aaiaii,
aieaa 500%. I?eiaiaiea yoiai iaoiaea oeaeaniia?acii aeey
i?eaioe?iai/iiai ii?aaeaeaiey iniiaiie eieaeecaoeee ‘iaoieiae-/aneiai
i?ioeanna e noaiaie i?ieeoa?aoeee eeaoi/iuo yeaiaioia.
Oaeei ia?acii, i?eiaiaiea aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoiaeia aeeaaiinoeee (
oeeoaii?oieiae/aneeo, aenoioeie/aneeo, yiaeinioie/a-neeo,
?aioaaiieiae/aneeo e ?aaeeiecioiiiuo) iicaieyao ie?aaea-aeeoue ?aiiea
i?eciaee iaeeaeicaoeee yiaeiiao?ey aua aei iiyaeaiey aiaoii i ?oiei
ae/aieeo eciaiaiee e ‘eeeie/aneeo neiioiiia caaieaaaiey. Yoe iaoiaeu
eiatho aieueoae) aeeaaiinoe/aneoth oeai” .einoue e aeatho aiciiaeenioue
ioeaieaaoue yooaeoeaiinoue eaoaiey.
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiay aeeaaiinoeea.
A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue neaaeoao eneeth/eoue ?yae iaueo c-aaieaaa-iee,
eioi?ua iiaoo nii?iaiaeaeaoueny iaoi/iuie e?iaioa/aieyie: caaieaaaiey
e?iae, ia/aie, ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu, iaaeii/a/ieeia. A aeaeueiaeoai
iaiaoiaeeii eneeth/eoue i?aaie/aneea ii?aaeaiey a
ye/ieeao—ai?iiiaeueii-aeoeaiua iiooiee (oaeiia, a?aioea-cie*oaoi/iay
iiooieue oea?iia, iiooieue A?aiia?a). A ?ai?iae**e-oeaiii ia?eiaea
iaoi/iua e?iaioa/aaeey iiaoo auoue i?iyaeaie-uei ia?ooaeey i?aaeeueiiai
oa/aaeey aa?aiaiiinoe (aai?o, aiaiaoi/iay aa?aiaiiinoue,
o?ioiaeanoe/aneay aieaciue), iieeia eee y?icee oaeee iaoee, ?aea oaea
iaoee. A iiaeeeii aic?anoa neaaeoao aeeooa?nioi?icaoue ni
ceiea/anoaaiiui ‘ii?aaeaieai iaoee. ai?iiiii?iaeooee?othuae iiooieueth
ye/ieea. ieiiie iaoee.
Aaaeaiea aieueiuo n aeia?ieanoe/aneeie i?ioeannaie yiaeiiao?ey.
Ecaanoii, /oi enoiae AIY naycai n oaeoeeie a?a/a a ioiioaiee yoe*
aieueiuo. Ea/aiea aeia?oaeanoe/aneeo i?ioeannia yiaeiiao?ey, iniaaiii
?aoeeaeeae?othoeo, yaeyaony ioaaonoaaiiie e neiaeiie caaea/ae. Iaaei
iiae/a?eiooue iaaeiionoeiinoue inoaaeaiey Yoio aieueiuo aac
niaoeeaeueiiai ea/aiey.
I?aaeaea anaai aeey inoaiiaaee e?iaioa/aiey e n aeeaaiinoe/aneie
oeaeueth neaaeoao i?iecaanoe auneaaeeaaiea neecenoie iaiei/ee iaoee.
Auneaaeeaaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie /?acau/aeii
neeueiue ?acae?aaeeoaeue, aeaenoaea eioi?iai aeeyao ia ooiaeoeee)
iieiauo aeaeac. Iin*n iaoi ciayeoaeueii iiauoaaony n*iniaiino* iaoee
?aaae?iaaoue ia yiaei- i yeciaaiiua ai?iiiu. E?iia oiai* *yii
auneaaeeaaiea eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea e i?e iineaaeothuai i?iaaaeaiee
ai?iiioa?a1iee, oae eae niinianoaoao oaeaeaieth ‘iaoieiae/anee
eciaiaiiie neecenoie. Iaeaieaa oeaiai yoio iaoiae a ni/aoaiee n
aenoa?ineiieae. Oaeaeaiea yiaeiiao?ey aac ainoa?ineieee ia?aaeei
i?eaiaeeo e inoaaeaieth iaoieiae/aneeo • i/aaia a iaoea e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e ioeai/iie aeeaaiinoeea ?aoeeaeeaa caaieaaaiey, /oi, a
naith i/a?aaeue, i?eaiaeeo ‘e iaii?aaaeaiiiio iia?aoeaiiio ea/aieth.
Auae?ay iaoiaeu ea/aiey, eeeieoeeno a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
?oeiaiaenoaoaony aeaiiuie aenoieiae/aneiai enneaaeiaayiy nineiaa
yiaeiiao?1ey. A yoii ioiioaiee niaa?oaiii iainii?eia eiioeaioeey A. E.
AEaeaaiiaa i iaiaoiaeeiii eiioaeoa eeeieoeenoa e ia-oiii?oieiaa, /oi
niinianoaoao aieaa i?aaeeueiiio ?aoaieth aii?ina i auai?a iineaaeothuae
iaoiaaiaoe/aneie oa?aiee. A iai?aaeaiee iaoa?eaea ia aenoieiae/aneia
ianeaaeiaaiea neaaeoao e?aoei io?aceoue naaaeaiey i i?aaeuaeoueo
auneaaeeaaieyo e i?iaiaeeiie ( iniaaiii ai?iiiaeueiie) oa? aiaei.
Auai? ea/aiey ii?ie noaoai eiaeeaeaeoaeai, caaeneo io ?a* coeueoaoia
eiiieaeniiai ianeaaeiaaiey, aic?anoa aieueiie, noaiaie ae?aaeaiiinoi
i?ieeoa?aoeaiuo i?ioeannia, iaee/ey niioonoaothueo aaieoaeueiuo e yeno?
aaaieoaeueiuo caaieaaaiee, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie ia?aaineiinoe i?aia?aoa.
aiaoiaeeia ia oieeei aeey i?aeao e?auaiey iaoi/iuo e?iaioa/aiee, ii
iniaaiii aeey i?ioeea?? oiee ?acaeoey ?aea iaoee. Niaa?oaiii
eaaeiionoeeoi i ? eiaaoa?* e: ai?’iiiia aac i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai
.ii?oieiae/aneiai eco/aiey aee cinoie iaoee.
Aaaaeaiea a eeeie/aneoth i?aeoeeo neioaoe/aneeo i?iainoeiia ioe?uei
‘iiaua aiciiaeiinoe ea/neey aieueiua n iaoieiaa a*’yiaeiiao?ey. Yoe
i?aia?aou i?eiyoi ?acaeaeyoue ‘ia aeaa a?*eiu; i?iecaiaeiua onnoinon?iia
(yno?ioai-aanoaaaeu), oeia ‘;1’oa-eoiaeeia, eii-iaeiia, ynethoiia,
aenaeo?eia e ae?., e >i?i??*c?ae-eueoa i?iaanoa?iia (ainoaaaiu) —
ien?1i?iaanoa?ii *ai?ioio. -.’*.*.- ?ienei?iaanoa?ii, oo?eiae,
i?aaiao?ee e ae?. N oa?iaeieiae/aneie oi/ee c?aiey *aaeaeo ieie eiathony
?acee/ey. Yno?iaaiaanoaaaiu ieacuaatho oi?iicyuaa ae’eyiea ia
aeiioaea.ie/aneoth* aeoeaith*oue, nieaeatho auaeaeaiea ONA e oai naiu’*?
ono?aiytho ia?nenoaioeeth oieeeeoea-aeaenoaea yno?iaaiiiai eiiiieneoa;’
aoiaeyuee a ninoaa yoeo i?iaanoeiia aanoaaaiiue eiiiiiaio niinianoaoao
nae?aoi?iie oaca. Neioaoe*aaneea i?aia?aou n I?aaanon?iiiaie
aeoeaiinoueth ieacuaatho au?aaeaiiue ainoa aei iue yooaeo, aanueia
noiaeiue n aeaenoaeai i?iaanon?iia a oeceieiae- * /aneeo oneiaeyo.
Aicaeaenoaoy ia iiaeaioiaeathiue aeeeoaeueiie yno?iaaiiie noeioeyoeeae
yiaeiiao?ee, iie aucuaatho iooi?aeaiea neec-enoie, caoai, a caaeneiinoe
io aic?anoa e aeeeoaeueiinoe ea/ayey, i?eaiaeyo e oeeeee/aneie
nae?aoi?iie o?ainoi?iaoeee eee ao?ioee aiaeiaaeao?ey. I?e aicaeaenoaee
ia o?iaia eeaoee neioa-. oe/aneea Aa?oeaiu i?iieeatho neaicue
‘eeaoi/ioth iaia?aio e ia-; ?acotho n aaeeii i?ioiieaciu eiiieaen,
‘eioi?ue aeaeaeaony e .yae?o*, caoai anooiaao a niaaeeiaiea n AeI1* i
?I1*, i?e yoii ec-. iaiyaony oei aaeueeiauo iieaeoe: neioace?othony
iiaua aaeeiaua . iieaeoeu e eeaoea eciaiyaony, ec aoeie/aneie
i?aa?auaaony y .iau/ioth, ii?ia./ueioe). Neioaoe/aneea ‘aanoaaaiu,
ia?yaeo n oeai-. o?aeueiui ?aaoee?othuei yooaeoii, ieacuaatho i ianoiia
aic-. aeaenoaea ia niaoeeoe/aneea ai?iiiinaycuaathuea ?aoeaioi?u
*yiaeiiao?ey e eeaaeaaeeia, aeaaiaea?y ‘eioi?ui i?ienoiaeeo caaea?ae-,ea
e iaeiieaiea ai?iiiia. I?eiaaeaiea yno?iaai-aanoaaaiia, iniaaiii a
?ai?iaeoeoeaiii ia?eiaea o aieueiuo, no?aaeathueo aan-‘ ieiaeiii, iiaeao
aucaaoue oae iacuaaaiue ?aaaoiae-yooaeo, oi . anoue oeaieaiiia
auaeaeaiea aiiaaeio?aieia, e aeoeaaoeeth ooieoeee ye/ieeia iinea ioiaiu
i?aia?aoa-niyoea a?aiaiiiai oi?iicyuaai aeeyaey neioaoe/aneeo
i?iaanoeeia. Oaeei ia?acii, ea/aiea neioaoe/aneeie i?iaanoeia-ie
neaaeoao n/eoaoue iaoiaaiaoe-oeaneei.
Aieueiui a aic?anoa aei 45-47 eao yno?iaai-aanoaoayu iacia/atho a
oeeeee/aneii ?aaeeia (n 5 ii 25 aeaiue oeeeea) n oeaeueth iiaeaea?aeaiey
‘iaino?oaeueiie oooeoeee. A aic?anoa, aeeceii e iaiiiaoca, i?eai
i?aia?aoia ?aeiiaiaeoaony iai?a?uaii. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a ‘ia?aua
ianyoeu i?y*ia yno?iaai-ainoa aaiia iiaoo iaaethaeaoueny iiai/iua
yaeaiey: iaa?oaaiea iiei/iuo aeaeac , oioiioa, eiiaaea aieiaie?oaeaiea,
i?eaaaea a ianna, iiauoaiea AAe, aiee a iaeanoe aeaeoaeea. *a?ac 2-3
ianyoea yoe yaeaiey, eaae i?aaeei, en/acatho. I?eiaiaiea neioaoe/aneeo
i?i-aanoeiia (yno?iaai-aanoaaaiia) i?ioeaiiieacacaei i?e ia*eeiiii-noe e
o?ii*aiyi*ieeyi (aa?eeiciia ?anoe?aiea aai, oeaaeou), aaiaoaoao,
aeia?oiie/aneie aieacie, iea?aie, ‘iaa?icao, yieeainee, ianoiaaoeyo.
Iaaeaeaoaeueii yoe i?aia?aou iacia/aoue e aieueiui naoa?iui aeeaaaoii,
oae eae aoiaeyuea a eo ninoaa ii-eoneioaoe/aneea yno?iaaiu
(yoeiee-yno?aaeeie, iano?aiie) onoaoaeytho yoe ia?ooaiey. Oaeei
aieueiui, ii ‘iiaieth ss. A. Aio-iaia, ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?eiaeyoue
yno?aaaeu (ieoyno?ie, aeeyoee-noeeeayno?ie) a ni/aoaiee n ainoa aa i a i
e (ienei?iaanoa?i’i ea’?;-?iiao) .
Aunieee oa?aiaaoe/aneee yooaeo, iniaaiii a i?ioeeaeoeea ?aoeeaeeaia AIY,
ioia/atho *ieueoeinoai enneaaeiaaoaeae i?e i?eiaiaiee ioa/anoaaiiiai
i?aia?aoa i?iaanoa?iiiaiai ?yaea -ienei?iaanoa?iy eaae?iiaoa (IIE). Yoio
i?aia?ao i?aeoe/anee ia eiaao e?ioeaaiieaca*iee, /oi auaiaeii ioee/aao
aai io neioa-oe/aneeo yno?iaai-aanoaaaiia e aiae?iaaiia. Iiyoiio aai
iiaeii i?eiaiyoue i?e iiauoaiiii AAe, ieiiao, ia/aeueeuo noaaeeyo
yiaeiiao?eica iaoee, ianoiiaoei, iaee?aiee. Aeaaea aeeeoaeueiue i?eai ia
aucuaaao iiauoaiey eiaaoee?othueo naienoa e?iae, niinianoaoao
oiaiueoathoth ‘eeeiaeoa?e/aneeo ia?ooaiee.
ea/aiea iaoeeoanoinoa?iiii ii 20 ie oe aeaiue a oa/aiea 4–6 iaaeaeue.
E. A. Ooieeiae/ n/eoaao aieaa oeaeaniia?aciui i?eiaiaiea aiae?iaaiia
i?ieaiae?iaaiiai aeaenoaey: nonoaiii-250 eee ii- iaiae?ai (neiiiei),
eioi?ue iaeaaeaao au?aaeaiiui aioeyno?iaaiiui aeaenoaeai e aaiaeeony 1
?ac a ianyoe; 1 ie 10% ?anoai?a oanoai aoa aaiaeeony 1 ?ac a 2–4
iaaeaee. I?eiaiaiea aiae?iaaiia a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie aucuaaao
ae?eeecaoeeth (aeia?o?eoic, ia?oaaiea aieina, oa?aaoth nuiue ia eiaea) e
iiauoaiea eeaeaei. I?ioeaiiieacaiey e i?eiaiaieth aiae?iaaiia: aic?ano
iieiaea 45 eao, aa?eeiciia ?anoe?aiea aai, o?iiaioeaaeou,
aeia?oi.ie/aieay aieaciue. *
Oe?o?ae/aneia e?/aiea-cenoe?iaoeeyyaeaoeeni?e-aea oe a i e – iie ac aii
aae ue i u i n a o ei e/ aiei e oi ? iie a eia?ie a – noe/aieeo
i?ioeannia yiaeiiao?ey i?e iayooaeoeaiinoe ai?iiii-oa?aiee e
aicieeiiaaiee ?aoeeaeeaa ‘i?e eiio?ieueiuo enneaaeiaa-ieyo. Iaee/ea
aoeie/aneie aeia?ieacee o aieueiuo a ia?eiaea iaiiiaocu, iniaaiii n
iae?iyiaeie?eiiuie ia?ooaieyie oaeaea yaeyaony iieacaieai e iia?aoeaiiio
ea/aieth. Iaeiaei ai iii-aeo neo/ayo o aieueiuo yoiai aic?anoa
ioia/athony cia/eoaeueiua ioyaiuathuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa a aeaea oyaeaeuo
niioonoaothueo yeno?aoaieoaeueiuo caaieaaaiee e iia?aoeey ‘iiaeao
yaeoueny aieueoei ?eneii, /ai naii caaieaaaiea. A yoeo neo/ayo
i?iai-aeeony aeeeoaeueiay ai?iiiaeueiay oa?aiey ‘iiae ouaoaeueiui
aeeia-ie/aneei iaaethaeaieai.
Iiiaea aaoi?u ?aeiiaiaeotho einoeeeyoeee a iaoeo ianoieee eiaea ii
A?aiiaoeeaoe. Iau/ii yoio iaoiae ‘i?iaiaeeony a aic?anoi iinea 45-47
eao, i?e ?aoeeaeeae?othueo i?ioeannao a ni/aoa-iee AIY n ieiiie iaoee.
Oe?ieia ‘i?eiaiaiea yoiai iaoiaea ‘iaoeaeaniia?acii a nayce .n iiai/iui
aeaenoaeai.
EA*AIEA AIEUeIUO NAEAEACENOI-EENOICIIE AEIA?IEACEAE
A ?ai?iaeoeoeaiii ia?eiaea o yoeo aieueiuo iinea i?aaeaa?e-oaeueiiai
aeeaaiinoe/aneiai auneaaeeaaiey neecenoie iaoee ai?-iiiaeueiia ea/aiea
iae?aceaii ia ni o ? aaenee a iaino?oaeueeie ooieoeee e ei? ? aeoeeth
aiiaoeyoeee eooai oeeeee/aneie nae?aoi?-iie o?aoanoi?iaoeee yiaeiiao?ey.
Nouanoaoao ianeieueei noai ea-/aiey aieueiuo n aeaeacenoi-*eenoiciie
aeia?ieaceae. Iaciaea-iea yno?iaaiiiai eiiiaiaioa oeaeaniia?acii
aieueiui, o eioi?uo ii oanoai ooieoeeiiaeueiie aeeaaiinoeee auyaeaia
aeiiyno?iaa-iey, i?eaiaeyuay yiaeiiao?ee i?e aeeeoaeueiii aicaeaenoaee,
eae e aeoaa?yno?iaaiey, e aeaeacenoi-eenoiciie aeia?eeacee.
1 noaia. Y o e i e e-y n o ? a ae e i e n ia?aiai aeiy iaino?oaoeee ii
0,05 a 2 ?aca a aeaiue a oa/aiea 20 aeiae e e ? aaii i n 14 aeiy i
aeno?o ae ueoa ai oeeeea ii 0,01 a 3 ?aca a aeaiue a oa/aiea 10 aeiae.
Eo?n ea/aiey 4-“-6 ian.
2 noaia. I e e ? i o i e e ei ii 0,05 a a oa/aiea 14 aeiae n ia?-aiai
aeiy iaino?oaoeee e oe?aaiei ii 0,01 a 3 ?aca a aeiiuea 15 aeiy oeeeea a
oa/aiea 10 aeiae. 1*o?n ea/aiey 4–6 ian.
3 noaia. Y n o ? i a a i-a a n o a a a i u (eii-iaeii, eioaeoaaeei*
aenaeo?ei e ae?.) ii 1 oaaeaoea ia ii/ue n 5 ii 25 aeaiue oeeeea, ca-oai
7-aeiaaiue ia?a?ua. Eo?n 4–6 ian.
4 noaia. A a n o a a a i u (oeia oo?eiaea, i?aaiao?eea, ii?th-aeooa e
ae?.) ii 1 oaae. (0,05 a) n 16 oi 25 aeaiue oeeeea. Eo?n 4-6 ‘ii.
5 noaia. I e n e i ? i a a a o a ? i i e a e ? i i a o ii 1 c*e (125 ia)
12,5% ?anoai?a ia 12-14-17 aeaiue oeeeea a oa/aiea 4-6 ian. iiae
eiio?ieai oanoia ootheoeeiiaeithe aeeaaiinoeoa.
I?e ?aoeeaeea e ?othu eo i?ioeannao e iaee/ee iae?iyiaeie?i-iiai
neiae?iia i?eiaiyaony neaaeothuay noaia:
6 noaia. Ienei?iaanoa?ia *eai?iiao ii 2 .i (250 ia) 12,5% ?anoai?a 2
?aca a iaaeaeth aioo?eiuoa/ii a oa-/aiea 6-8 ian.
Aeey noeioeyoeee iaoeyoeee iinea i?eiaiaiey iaeiie ec i?ea:-ae
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