Oaae cia? anye ia na?o? /ieia?e:
ia eiaeiee a?eue ainiiaeue noai?ea ? e?e.
?oi?
Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy
I?ieaea ua iaaaaaoi /ano ? ethaenoai ia?anooieoue ii??a ae?oaiai
oeny/ie?ooy iiai? a?e. Aiii a?cueia c niaith o iaeaooi? caeiaooee
?nioth/i? oeea?e?caoe??. Iaeiae i?aeooue ne?aeii ? oai?iae, ? aaaee, ?
oe?aeeea? cae/ee. Eiio a?aeiii, ne?eueee ?ie?a iathoue ?inoeueo,
ae?aceiaa oai?iaa, ai?eain?y, ?ae oa ?io? caoai?thaaiiy? sse c ieie
ai?ioeny? Oae? ieoaiiy a???oothoue iao? iaaeeee-no/anieee. Oea naia
oaeethaaei ? noa?iaeaai?o e?ea??a. Iiceoeaiee aeina?ae oeeo e?ea??a ? ?o
ai?ioueae ?c aaaaoueia caoai?thaaiiyie aeei?enoiao?oueny o oae caaieo
iao?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiaeao e?eoaaiiy.
Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy — oea aae i?ye ia aeaieia eai?eci?e
iiae? iiioey?ieo a?yiue, a oe?iiee aeina?ae noa?iaeaaiuei? iaaeeoeeie,
yeee iio?aao? iiaiai ia?ainieneaiiy c iaoeiaeo, ii?aeueii-aoe/ieo,
nioe?aeueii-a?ieia?/ieo iiceoe?e.
Iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee i?ia?an, ia yeee iieeaaeaeeny aaeee? iaae??, aeaa
aaaaoi aeinyaiaiue ? a?aee?eoo?a. Iaeiae iei? ie aaea iaioa aiai?eii i?i
oa, ui caeiaooi, a a?eueoa i?i ao?a/aia, i?i oa, yeo oe?io caiea/aii ca
o? /e ?io? aeinyaiaiiy.
O?aaeeoe?ei? ? iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy ia caia?a/othoue, a
aca?iiaeiiiaiththoue iaei? iaeieo ? iiaeooue aeia?a ni?a?nioaaoe.
Iiaeeeai, a iaeaooiueiio, eiee e?ea?? ?icoe?youe na?e a?naiae
e?eoaaeueieo iaoiae?a, eiee iacaaaeaee cieeia iiiyooy “aacia?niaeoeaiee
oai?ee”, ?iciiae?e ia o?aaeeoe?ei? ? iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy
noaia aeineoue oiiaiei ? caiaeii ia?anoaia ?nioaaoe.
“I?e?iaea e?eo? — e?ea? ae?aaiinoo?”. Iaaecae/aeii aeooaeueiei ? iei?
oea noa?iaeaai? eaoeinueea i?ene?a’y. I?ei??oao i?e?iaee o e?eoaaii?
caoai?thaaiue, i?aaeeueia aeei?enoaiiy e?ea?yie i?e?iaeieo oaeoi??a aeey
coe?eaiiy oai?eo ? oeo, ye? no?aaeaeathoue, aeaaeooue nai? uaae?? ieiaee
aeia?a ? ieeina?aey.
E?ea? ia? aooe aeina?ae/aiei aaaaoi o /iio, ?, aei ?a/? o ianaae?.
A?iiie?ao
C ?noi??? ianaaeo
Ianaae — iaeia c /oaeiaeo a?aee?eoo?a ethaenoaa. I?ioyaii aaaaoueio
a?e?a a?i i?eiineoue ei?enoue ethaeyi: ci?oeith? ?o caei?ia’y, i?aeaeuo?
aeeoo?aee oiion, ca?eueiy? a?ae oai?ia. sse e?eoaaeueiee, a?a??i?/iee ?
einiaoe/iee can?a a?i aoa a?aeiiee noa?iaeaai?i eeoaeoeyi, ?iaeonai,
?aeioyiai oa ?ioei ia?iaeai.
Ia iniia? aeaieo, iaea?aeaieo c ?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae, a/ai? aaaaeathoue,
ui ianaae aeiee o Noa?iaeaaiueiio Eeoa? ua ca 25 a?e?a aei iaoi? a?e.
I?ney ciaeaeaiiy iniaeeai? eai’yii? aieee Eeoaenueea aeaaeai?y
iaaeeoeeie ae?eoea aeniiaeo, ui aeoioieoo?a aeieeea ooo i?eaeecii 10
oeny/ ?ie?a oiio, a ?o/iee ianaae ?ua ?ai?oa.
Oaoi?ea eeoaenueeiai ianaaeo neeaaeia ? ??ciiiai?oia. Aiia aeiaaa? a?ae
ianaaeenoa ia o?eueee aeniei? eaae?o?eaoe??, a e aeeaieiai ?icoi?iiy
aeeiioaaii? ae??. An? oe? iai?ioeyoe?? a?eiiothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith
eenoae ?oe, iaeueoe?a, i?ao?a, a oaeiae eie?iii, e?eoai, iaa?oue
i’yoeith ianaaeenoa.
Aaeeeee aeina?ae iaa?iiaaeeee iaaee/i? oeiee ?iae??, Iaiaeo, Oeaeeiio
uiaei aeei?enoaiiy ianaaeo i?e oeonao ci?e, aoii?, o?aaiao, oaea?ao,
aeaeoao, ia?aeiiao, ?icoyaiaiiyo oiui. Iaeaaaeeea?oei iaaee/iei
o?aeoaoii ?iae?enueeeo e?ea??a ? “Ath?aaaea”, ui o ia?aeeaae? c
naine?eoo icia/a? “Iaoea aeeooy”. Oey eieaa neeaaea?oueny c aaeeei?
e?eueeino? ??cieo iaaee/ieo o?aeoao?a, c?a?aieo o ?aeeio nenoaio. Aiia
iniiaaia ia e?eoaaii? oai?ia ca aeiiiiiaith ianaaeo, o?aa, ei?ai?a
?ineei, i?ia?ae?a ? iaa?oue iaoae?a.
C aeaai?o /an?a iniaeeai ?aoaeueii caeiaeeny aea/aiiyi i?ecia/aiiy ?
oaoi?ee ianaaeo ae?aoe? ?iae?enueeeo o?ai?a. Aaaaoi i?eeii?a ? nenoai
ianaaeo i?eiee ia caienoaaeeny ? ia?aaeaaaeeny a?ae aaouee?a aei ae?oae
a oni?e oi?i?.
I?ney caaithaaiiy ie?aieo /anoei ?iae?? a?aaaie ?iae?enueeee ianaae
iaaeeceany aei eeane/iiai. A?aae oaeiae caiice/eee aaaaoi aeaiaio?a
?iae?enueeiai ianaaeo. Ua ca 12-15 a?e?a aei iaoi? a?e ia?iaee ?aeioo,
Aa?n?i??, ioa??, e?a?? oa ?ioeo a?aanueeeo aea?aeaa ciaee ?
canoiniaoaaee ianaae ?c ??ciith iaoith. I?i oea na?ae/aoue cia?aaeaiiy
ia iinoae?, ?aeue?oao ?c aeaaano?o, noa?iaeaai?o iai??onao.
Caaithaaiiy ?aeioo a?aeaie i?ecaaei aei caiaiaaeo eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa
a?aa?a, aea ianaae iaea?aeaa iiaee ?icaeoie o Noa?iaeaai?e A?aoe?? —
eieenoe? ?a?iiaenueei? oeea?e?caoe??. Aiioa ?icea?oo ?? eoeueoo?e noaea
ia??iaeii aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo iaoee i?i ianaae na?aae ?a?iiaeoe?a.
Ianaaeo iaa/aeeny o noa?ia?aoeueeeo a?iian?yo — oeieao o?ce/ieo ai?aa.
A?i aoa iioe?aiee i?ae iacaith “aiaoa?ai?y”, ui icia/aei e?eoaaeueiee,
a?a??i?/iee ? nii?oeaiee ianaae. A?i aoa iaia’yceiaei i?ney
a?aea?aeoaaiiy eaci?. O niaoe?aeueieo naeiiao aeeiioaaeeny a?a??i?/iee ?
einiaoe/iee ianaae? oa cae?enithaaany aeiaeyae ca oe??ith iaee//y ? ?oe,
a oaeiae aieinnyi.
I?ney caaithaaiiy A?aoe?? ?eieyie caiice/eee o a?ae?a ??ci? aeaee
ienoaoeoa ? iaoe. E?ea?? ?einueei? ?iia??? ii/aee aeei?enoiaoaaoe
aeinyaiaiiy noa?iaeaai?o iaaeeoeei Eeoath, ?iae??, ?aeioo, A?aoe??.
Ianaae i?iaeiaaeoaaa ?icaeaaoeny ye ienoaoeoai e?eoaaiiy ? can?a
o?ce/iiai aeoiaaiiy. Aeey caa?aaeaiiy caei?ia’y ? e?ane ?einuee?
a?iiaaeyie i?iaiaeeee aaaaoi /ano a eaciyo, aeeiioth/e a?iianoe/i?
ai?aae ? ianaae. Ciaiaieo? oa?ie Ea?aeaee oa Ae?ieeao?aia a ?ei?
ai?uoaaee aei 3500 /ieia?e. Iiaeia a?aecia/eoe, ui ?icea?o ienoaoeoaa a
on?o ia?iae?a ni?aiaaeaa ?c caaaeueiei c?inoaiiyi ??aiy iaoee ?
eoeueoo?e.
E?ao ?einueei? ?iia??? iaa oyaee? iane?aeee aeey ia?iae?a, ye? ??
ianaeyee. Ianaae, ye can?a o?ce/iiai aeoiaaiiy, i?io?eaeoeee oai?ia ?
e?eoaaiiy, caiaiaa. Ethaenoai anooieei a aiioo iioio?iai
Na?aaeiueia?//y. Eeoa a?aanuee?, oth?enuee? oa ?io? ia?iaee, ye?
niia?aeoaaee ?neai, i?iaeiaaeoaaee ?icaeoie iaaeeoeeie.
Ianaae o neia’yinueeeo ia?iae?a Noa?iaeaaiuei? ?on? ia? nai? oa?aeoa?i?
a?aei?iiino?. A?i ia?ic?eaii iia’ycaiee c aeei?enoaiiyi eaci?.
Ee?iaoe/i? oiiae I?aii/? oa na?aaeiuei? nioae oa?eoi??? ?on? ia
aeicaieyee ?iaeoe ianaae iica i?ei?uaiiyi. Eaci? oiieeeny aa?aciaeie
iie?iaie, ye? aeathoue aaeeeee aea?. Aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aa?acia? a?ieee,
a oaeiae ianoi? o?aa, eaan, oi?eue. Aa?acia? a?ieee aeaioiaeyeeny ca
anoaiiaeaieie i?aaeeaie ? a iaaio ii?o ?ieo. ?iiae? ei?enooaaeeny
a?ieeaie c aeoaa, e?iieae, ye?aoeth. I?i ethaia neia’yi aei eaci?
na?ae/eoue i?ene?a’y “Eaciy ia?eoue, eaciy i?aaeoue, eaciy ana
iii?aaeoue”.
A e ae?enii, i?aaaee ia ciaoe oiio,
Ooi i?aaia ?icaeeaeoeny o oiio,
Ui aeaeii ciai?, anth aeeaeiio oueio.
Aeaioa Ae?a’???
Ienoaoeoai ianaaeo
Iiiyooy “ienoaoeoai ianaaeo” cono??/a?oueny o iaoiio iianyeaeaii? aeoaea
??aeei. Ie caeeee oe?ioaaoe ienoaoeoai ooaeiaeieea, ni?aaea,
neoeueioi?a, ni?aaaaeeeai aeiaai?iaeaeo?ii ?o oaeaio ? iaenoa?i?noue.
Ienoaoeoai ianaaeo, ia aeaeue, ia caeiaoei oaei? ao/ii? neaae. Aiii
?aae?co?oueny aaaeeith uiaeaiiith i?aoeath, caaaeaiiyi yei? ? e?eoaaiiy
caoai?thaaiue ethaenueeiai i?aai?cio ?oeaie. Ianaae — oea iaiieaaeeaa ?
e?ii?oea ?iaioa, ni?yiiaaia ia a?aeiiaeaiiy ii?ooaii? aa?iii??
ethaenueeiai i?aai?cio, a oaeiae oai?/ee i?ioean, yeee iaaaaeo? ?iaioo
neoeueioi?a ? a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae ia? eeoa oei, ui ianaae ia?aai?th?
a?eue ? no?ao ethaeeie. Oea aeeaeiia ? iaaeaeeia ienoaoeoai aieea?
i?e?iaei? iaoai?cie, ye? cae?eniththoue ?iaioo iaiii?oii, iinooiiai ?
caa??aathoue i?e oeueiio nai? oa?iieoe?.
Ianaae — oea ?aaeueia aeueoa?iaoeaa aaaaoueii aeaeai ? niiniaai
iaaeeeaiaioiciiai e?eoaaiiy. ? yeui ie iei? aiai?eii i?i aeieia?/ii
/eno? ae?iaieoeoaa, aeieia?/ii /eno? i?iaeoeoe, oi ianoaa /an oaeiae
iiaeoiaoe i?i aeieia?/ii /eno? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy c oi/ee ci?o i?e?iaee
ethaenueeiai i?aai?cio.
Eiaeiee, ooi i?enooia? aei aeeiiaiiy ianaaeo, e??i iaia’yceiaiai
aeio?eiaiiy i?aaee a?a??ie, iieacaiue oa i?ioeiieacaiue, iiaeiai ciaoe,
ui anyea i?eaianaia a i?aai?ci ae?y aeeeeea? i?ioeae?th. Ia ciath/e
aiaoii?/ii? aoaeiae ethaenueeiai i?aai?cio, caeii?a oee?eoeyoe?? e?ia?
oa e?ioe, ?iia?aaoe?? i?aai?a ? oeaiei, a?aoeny ca e?eoaaiiy ianaaeai
iaaacia/ii. A yeui oai?ee ia? iioeeee a?e ? e?eueea oai?ia, oi ae?y,
ni?e/eiaia ianaaeai, iiaea iaaaeii aeeeeeaoe oaeo i?ioeae?th, yea iiaea
noaoe i?e/eiith aeieeiaiiy o iueiai e?eciaiai noaio.
Canoiniaoth/e ianaae, ie noaaeii iaai? eiie?aoi? ? iine?aeiai? caaaeaiiy
? niiae?aa?iiny ia oi?io? ?acoeueoaoe. sseui eiai ?iaeyoue caei?ia?e
ethaeei?, oi a?aeiia?aeia ?aaeoe?y ia i?eioneoue aeiaai /aeaoe ?, ye
i?aaeei, a?aeiia?aeaoeia i/?eoaai?e, aai aoaea aeuith ca ye?nieie
iieacieeaie noiniaii i?iaiico, yeee ia?aaeaa/aany.
I?e aeeiiaii? ianaaeieo iai?ioeyoe?e iniaai, ye? iathoue ie?ai? ci?ie a
i?aaiao ? oeaieiao, ia?aaeaa/eoe a?aeiia?aeio ?aaeoe?th oai?iai cia/ii
neeaaei?oa. Aeae?ath/e oaeoeeo, aeeaeio ? o?eaae?noue ianaaeo, ne?ae
aooe aeoaea iaa?aaeiei. Iaiao?aeii oae iiaoaeoaaoe i?ioean e?eoaaiiy,
uia aeeeeeaia “ae?y” ??aiyeany iaea?aeai?e “i?ioeae??”.
A?aeiia?aeue i?aai?cio ia aeeiiaiiy ianaaeieo i?ioeaaeo? iiaea aooe
iaaaeaeaaoiith, iaaeoi neeueiith aai neaaeith, cai?ci?eith, ?icn?yiith
na?aae ci?iaieo i?aai?a oa oeaiei. Ci?ith?oueny oaeiae ? caaaeueiee
ii??a a?ae/oooy aieth. Oea ne?ae iaia’yceiai a?aoiaoaaoe, aaeaea c oe???
i?e/eie o oai?iai iiaea aeieeiooe iaaaoeaiee aiioe?eiee oii. A?i iiaea
iaoe i?noea i?ioyaii ia?oeo naain?a ? yeui oeueiai ia ia?aai?ioe, a
iaa?oue iiaeeaeoe a?oaeie aieth/eie iai?ioeyoe?yie aai ??ceei neiaii,
?icae?aoiaaiith iiaaae?ieith aai aeanoaie, o ethaeeie aeieeia no?eea
iaaaoeaia ni?eeiyooy aoaeue-yeeo iai?ioeyoe?e, ui aeeiiothoueny ?oeaie.
Iaaeia??’y, no?ao ? noii?ae iaieiae?aathoue iath. Oea i?ecaiaeeoue aei
oiai, ui oai?ee noa? ?aaii nai?? oai?iae. Oiio aeaiaioe ineoia?a??ie,
ii/oooy ieeina?aey ? ni?a/oooy aei oai?i? ethaeeie iathoue aaeeea
cia/aiiy i?e aeeiiaii? ianaaeieo iai?ioeyoe?e.
sse ae ia oyaeei aoei oai??e ethaeei?, aiia caaaeaee niiae?aa?oueny ia
iaeoaeaiiy ? a??eoue a iueiai. Oiio ? caa?oa?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith aei
e?ea?y, yeee ia? oe?ioaaoe oaea aeia??’y iiiaae ona. I?ae aieeaii
oai?iae o ethaeeie aeieeathoue ii/oooy no?aoo, ne?eoiino?, ia?ace. Oiio
iaiao?aeii neiaii ? ae??th i?aeaaaeuei?eoe, aeiiiiiaoe iicaooeny iiaaieo
ia?aae/ooo?a, iaiaaiaiino? ? o.i. sseui ae ianaaeeno, ia?aai?thth/e ii??
i’yc?a, aeeeeeaiee “niaciii no?aoo”, aoaea iaiieaaeeai ?o ianaaeoaaoe,
oi ?acoeueoao aoaea i?ioeeaaeiee i/?eoaaiiio.
Iaa?oue yeui ianaae aeeiio? ? ia e?ea?, oi aeio?eiaiiy caiia?ae? “Ia
oeiaeue!” ? iaia’yceiaei. A?ae oiai, ye aoaea aeeiiaii ianaaei?
iai?ioeyoe??, caeaaeeoue o?eaae?noue i?ioeano iaeoaeaiiy oai?iai.
Ethaeeia iiaeiia aeeoe o ceaaiae? c iaaii ? caieath, ine?eueee a oie
/an, eiee ?? iiae nii/eaathoue ia caie?, ?icoi iiaea aeinyaoe
iaea?aeaeaeai?oeo c??ie.
No-Aai
E?eoaaeueiee ianaae
Iieacaiiy aei canoinoaaiiy ianaaeo a iaeaooiueiio iaiaaii ?icoe?thaaoeny
ia aoaeooue, aea ianooaae eiai aeei?enoaiiy iathoue c?inoe aacia?a/ii.
Uiaei “niaeo?a” e?eoaaiiy caoai?thaaiue, oi a?i aeoaea oe?ieee.
Ianaae, yeee canoiniao?oueny aeey e?eoaaiiy na?oeaai-noaeeiieo
caoai?thaaiue, ia? aooe iii??iei, iaa?aaeiei, ?aaoey?iei. Ia
?aeiiaiaeo?oueny ?iaeoe eiai o ae?oa?e iieiaei? aeiy, oiae?, eiee o
oai?iai iiaaiee iano??e /e naiiii/oooy, ca iani?eyoeeaeo iaoaioaeoi??a.
I?e caoai?thaaiiyo na?oeaai-noaeeiii? nenoaie ae?y ianaaeieo
iai?ioeyoe?e ni?yiiaaia ia ?aaoeyoe?th eai?ey?iiai e?iaiia?ao c iaoith
ii?iae?caoe?? aaiiaeeiai?/ieo ?iceaae?a. I?aaeeueii aeeiiaiee eo?n
ianaaeo ? aeoeaiei aaeaiiaaiii aei iani?eyoeeaeo oaeoi??a, ye? aeeeeeaee
caoai?thaaiiy. O ?acoeueoao? eiai canoinoaaiiy iie?ioothoueny iieacieee
aeeoaiiy oeaiei ? aaciiai?io a na?oeaai-noaeeii?e nenoai?.
O aeiaaeeao ii?ooaiiy eaaaiaai? aaioeeyoe??, oeoe?iaiai ae?aaaoo, ??cieo
i?iya?a aoa?ineea?ico o ii?aeiaii? c a?ia?oii?/iith oai?iaith
aeioe?eueii canoiniaoaaoe aaeooi-ianaae, a oaeiae oi/eiaee ianaae.
Aeoeaiooaoe?y oi/eiaei ianaaeai iaea?eueo aoaeoeaia aeey e?eoaaiiy
cia/ieo i?aai?/ieo ii?ooaiue na?oeaai-noaeeiii? oa eaaaiaai? nenoai o
ii?aeiaii? c ?ioeie iiae?aieie caoai?thaaiiyie
sse iaoiae e?eoaaiiy ianaae iaea?eueoa “a?aecia/eany” naia o aeiaaeeao
caoai?thaaiue iii?ii-?ooiaiai aia?aoo. Eiai ia?aaaae ooo iano?eueee
i/aaeaei?, ui oaea i?ooi ia iani?eth?oueny ?o caia?a/oaaoe. Aeina?ae
e?eoaaiiy oyaeeeo iaaeoa?a, iia’ycaieo ?c iaoieia??th iii?ii-?ooiaiai
aia?aoo, na?ae/eoue i?i iiaeeea?noue iiaiiai a?aeiiaeaiiy ao?a/aieo
ooieoe?e o oai?eo, ye? aoee iaaeiaai i?eeiaai? aei e?aeea.
Coieieiiny aeaoaeuei?oa ia e?eoaaii? aeaaaia?aoeaii-aeeno?io?/ieo
caoai?thaaiue iii?ii-?ooiaiai aia?aoo, na?aae yeeo /?eueia i?noea
iin?aea? inoaioiiae?ic. Aeey eiai e?eoaaiiy ianaae ? i?aeoe/ii
oi?aa?naeueiei e?eoaaeueiei caniaii ca aeio?eiaiiy iaaieo oiia.
sse a?aeiii, inoaioiiae?ic — oea aeaaaia?aoeaii-aeeno?io?/iee i?ioean,
ui oa?aeoa?eco?oueny o?aaeaiiyi o?yuiai? oeaieie ca’yceiaiai aia?aoo
o?aaoa. Noeeuei?noue aei oaeiai caoai?thaaiiy iiaea ia?aaeaaaoeny o
niaaeie. C oe??? i?e/eie /enei oeo, ye? no?aaeaeathoue a?ae
inoaioiiae?ico, ? oeo, ye? oai??ee iei eeoa iaaeaaii, iino?eii c?inoa?.
Ia i?aaaeeeee aeaeue, oai?iaa oey aeoaea iiiieiae?oaea, iaeiae oai??
iaaiee /an iiaeooue ? ia i?aeic?thaaoe i?i ?? i?enooi?noue o naaa. ?
o?eueee oiae?, eiee ?aca?ai? iiaeeeaino? i?aai?cio ii/eiathoue
ciaiooaaoeny, a iaoieia?/i? i?ioeane iiaeeaethaaoeny, c’yaeythoueny
ia?o? neiioiie caoai?thaaiiy.
I?ae aieeaii aeaaaia?aoeaii-aeeno?io?/iiai i?ioeano o?yuiaa oeaieia
o?aaoa ao?a/a? naith aeanoe/i?noue ? “aaiiyeo?oueny”. Ianoa? oae caaia
iae?ii?oiiaaee/ia noaae?y, eiee i?ae ae??th aaae aeaniiai o?ea o?aaoe?
aeeeiththoueny iaeei a iaeiiai. Iaeiaioa aeaoi?iaoe?y iineeth? oeae
i?ioean: caeaaeththoueny ia?aia? ei??ioe?, ii?ooo?oueny
i?e?ioee?eoeyoe?y o o?aaoeyo, ia?inoa? e?ioinoac, iaa?iiaaeaeothoueny
iaaeiieeneai? i?iaeoeoe. Oae aeieeathoue ia?aaeoiiae iaa?ieia?/iiai
aoaio inoaioiiae?ico.
Oai?iaa ia i?eiooo? naaa aeiaai /aeaoe: ??cea i?aei?iaiiy aaioaaeo,
iaoeeyiiy /e aei?yieaiiy ooeoaa iiaeooue i?ecaanoe aei cauaieaiiy
ia?aiaiai ei??ioey. Aino?ee a?eue i?iieco? ona o?ei. A?i aoaa? oaeei, ui
ia ci?ia?oueny iaa?oue ca aeiiiiiaith neeueieo ciaaiethth/eo i?aia?ao?a.
Canoinoaaiiy cae/aeiiai ianaaeo o oaeeo aeiaaeeao ? iaeiaoaeoeaiei.
Iieaaoeoe aai onoiooe aino?ee a?eue iiaea eeoa a/ania e?ea?aeaoe?y
aeaoi?iaoe?? ci?uaieo o?aaoe?a. Iaeiae ca aeiiiiiaith i?inoiai
ciaaiethaaiiy iicaooeny ?? iaiiaeeeai. O ae?eyioe? ei??ioey aeieeathoue
yaeua iaa?yeaiiy. Iio?i ianoa? iiaoi?ia caeaaethaaiiy o?aaeaiiai
ei??ioey. A?eue noa? i?ieeaei, oa?aeoa?eco?oueny a?ae/oooyi ii?i?iiy,
“iiacaiiy io?aoie” ? o.i. Oaeee oai?ee iio?aao? aeiiiiiae iaioaeueiiai
oa?aiaaoa, oiaoi niaoe?ae?noa, yeee iiaea ?oeaie ai?aaeoe ci?uai?
o?aaoe?.
sse iaoea iaioaeueia oa?ai?y ?nio? a?aeiinii iaaeaaii, c na?aaeeie O?O
noie?ooy. Oeae oa?i?i icia/a? “e?eoaaiiy ?oeaie”. Noa?iaeaai? e?ea??
ai?ee aeia?a ai?aaeyoe aeaeoe ? c?noaaeyoe ceaiai? e?noee. Noa?iaeii?
?iae?enuee?, ia?neaenuee?, eeoaoenuee? o?anee ia?aeiiothoue ian o oiio,
ui i?eeiie iaioaeueii? oa?ai?? aoee a?aeii? aeaaii, aea a o? /ane aiia
aaaaeaeany ??ciiaeaeii ianaaeo.
Iei? iaioaeueia oa?ai?y aeciaia e?eoaaeueiith aeenoeeie?iith. Iath
caeiathoueny i?ioan?eii i?aeaioiaeai? e?ea?? ii oaoi?oe? aeeiiaiiy
iai?ioeyoe?e ?oeaie, yea aeiaaa? a?ae ieo i?aeaioiaee, oaeaeei?
?aaeoe??, aeniei? oi/iino? oa oaeaeeino? ?oo?a. Oea, ia aeaeue,
aaea?oueny aeaeaei ia an?i. Ae?aaeaiee neiae?ii aieth ia aeicaiey?
oai?iio ?icneaaeoeny. Oaoi?oe? canoinoaaiiy iaioaeueii? oa?ai?? e?ea??
iaa/athoueny ia niaoe?aeueieo eo?nao o Ee?a?, Oa?eia?, Caii??aeae? oa
?ioeo i?noao Oe?a?ie. Ia aeoieo aaaaoueio niaoe?ae?no?a iaioaeueia
oa?ai?y o ii?aeiaii? c ianaaeai iiaea aeaoe /oaeia? ?acoeueoaoe
iaeoaeaiiy.
I?ee?i, ui ii?ooo?oueny ca’ycie i?ae iieie?iiyie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?o/eciyieo iaaeee?a uiaei ieoaiiy iie?ioaiiy e?eoaaeueii? ae?? ianaaeo
ia i?aeo?eiothoueny iieiaeaeth. Oae a?aeoiaeyoue o iaaoooy caeiaoo? ca
aeeooy ciaiiy, ye? iicaaaeee a a?ae no?aaeaeaiue aaaaoueio oai?eo.
?icoiiee — iane?aeie ia?aaeaa/a?.
Ii/aaoe uinue, e?iaoeue ioiieoue ci?ii…
?oi?
Oi/eiaee ianaae
O no?aei?e iaaeeoeei? oi/eiaee ianaae aoiaeeoue aei nenoaie e?eoaaiiy ye
??aiii?aaiee iaoiae ii?yae c aieeiaeiethaaiiyi, i?ei?eaiiyi iieeiiaith
neaa?aoith, a oaeiae ?ioeie ??ciiaeaeaie ianaaeo. Iiaeaaeoaaiiy,
?icoe?aiiy, ?icieiaiiy, iinooeoaaiiy aaeaei aeiiiaiththoueny i?eeiiaie
iaoeneoaaiiy iaeueoeai ? iaa?oaiiy eiai a ae?eyieao oae caaieo “oi/ie
aeeooy”. Anueiai ?o iienaii iaeaea 700. Eeoaenueeith aeaaeai??th
ia?iaeii? iaaeeoeeie iae?/o?oueny iaeaea 1000 oi/ie, aea oaeeie, ia ye?
aieeaathoue iae/ano?oa, ? 150.
“Oi/ee aeeooy” iaceaathoueny a?ieia?/ii aeoeaieie, aai oi/eaie
aeoioieoo?e ? i?ei?eaiiy, aea oea ia ia? i?eioeeiiaiai cia/aiiy. A
iniia? ?o canoinoaaiiy eaaeeoue iaoiae neeaaeii? ?aoeaeoi?ii?
aaaaoieiiiiiaioii? ae?? ia iaoieia?/iee i?ioean. Niin?a aieeao iiaea
aooe ??ciei — a?ae iaoeneoaaiiy iaeueoeai aei i?ei?eaiiy neaa?aoith.
Eiai aeae?a? oie, ooi e?eo?. A?i aecia/a? neeo aieeao, iine?aeiai?noue,
ia??iaee/i?noue, aea?? i?noey ? /ano, aeeiiaiiy iai?ioeyoe?e, a?aoiao?
oaeoi?e, ye? ni?eythoue iaeoaeaiith, ? oaeoi?e, ye? ? i?e/eiith
caoai?thaaiiy.
O aeaaieio e?ea?? iie?aeeny ia iaaee/i? oa o?einionueei-aoe/i?
eiioeaioe?? oiai /ano. Aiie ae?iaeee ? noi?ioethaaee iniiai? iieiaeaiiy,
iaoiaee ? caniae e?eoaaiiy noa?iaeaaiuei? no?aeii? iaaeeoeeie.
Aaaaeaeiny, iai?eeeaae, ui e?eoaaiiy iiaeiia aooe eiiieaeniei ?
ii?aeioaaoe iaeiini?yiiaai? ae??. Aiii ia iiaeiia aooe iini?oiei ca
aeiyoeii iniaeeaeo aeiaaee?a, eiee aeey a?yooaaiiy aeeooy ethaeeie
aei?iaa eiaeia oaeeeia. E?eoaaiiy ia? aooe ?iaeea?aeoaeueiei aeey
eiaeii? ethaeeie oa ?? oai?iae.
Oaeee i?aeo?ae ia o?eueee aea? ciaiiy o ai?iouea? c oai?iaith, a?i
oi?io? ia/aaoi “aa/aiiy” ai?ioueae nee ae?? ? i?ioeae?? a i?aai?ci?,
yeee ai?aoueny. “Oi/ee aeeooy” — oea nai???aeia eeaa?aoo?a, c yei?
cao/eoue ioceea iaeoaeaiiy, noai?aia oei, ooi e?eo?. Aac ciaiiy caeii?a
?icaeoeo oai?iae ? iaeoaeaiiy, caeii?a neioaco ? ?iceaaeo, ooai?aiiy
oieiaeo ? oaiea, iai?yie?a oa/?? aaiicii? oa a?oa??aeueii? e?ia?,
i?ioean?a, ye? a?aeaoaathoueny o oaiiee ? na?oeee ia??iae aeiae, aieea
ia “oi/ee aeeooy” iiaea aooe ia o?eueee iaaoaeoeaiei, a e
iaaeioe?eueiei. Aeoaea aaaeeeaith iniaeea?noth, ia iao iiaeyae, ?
aeeaiaeaeia caeaoi?noue noa?iaeaai?o oe?eeoae?a a?ae/oaaoe aa?iii?th
iaeoaeaiiy, ?o iacae/aeia a?ae/oooy i??e /ano ? i??e aieeao, a oaeiae
aeaeeia eaae?noue canoinoaaiiy iaoiae?a ? niinia?a e?eoaaiiy, ca yeith
e?e?oueny oe?iiee aeina?ae ? aeoaea aeniea ?ioo?oe?y.
A?aecia/ath/e ia?aaaae oi/eiaiai ianaaeo ii??aiyii c ?ioeie iaoiaeaie,
oi/aony aeacaoe ia eiai i?inoioo, oaeaee?noue ? aoaeoeai?noue.
Ei?ioei/ani?noue aoaeoo, o yeiio “caeioaa/othoue” oeae iaoiae, iiaea
noaoe iacaia?a/iith ia?aaaaith oiae?, eiee i?ae ?oeith iaia? iaiao?aeieo
?ino?oiaio?a ? iaaeeeaiaio?a. E??i oiai, a?i ia aiineoue a i?aai?ci
?ioaeoe?th ?c ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua.
No?aei? ioae?aoe? oaa?aeyoue: “Ciaoe — cia/eoue ai?oe”. Oea yeiaee?aua
oa?aeoa?eco? ?noeii?noue ciaiue o oeueiio ?icae?e? no?aeii? iaaeeoeeie.
Ienoaoeoai e?eoaaiiy iaoeneoaaiiyi iaaii? oi/ee aeiaaa? ciaiue
oiiia?ao?? a?ieia?/ii aeoeaieo oi/ie, neee ? aeeaeie aieeao iaaiiai
?aaeeio, iiaoi?thaaiino? aieeao aei cieeiaiiy iaoieia?/ieo ?aaeoe?e.
I?aaeea iai?ioeyoe?e c “oi/eaie aeeooy” iniiaai? ia oyaeaiiyo no?aeieo
iaaeee?a i?i “aia?a?th aeeooy” — *?, a oaeiae i?i ?oo oe??? aia?a?? ii
?? iaaeaeeieo “eaiaeao” — aeeoo?aeo “ia?eae?aiao”. Iae?/o?oueny 12
ia?ieo ? 2 iaia?ieo iniiaieo eaiaee.
I?ioeiieacaiiyie aei canoinoaaiiy oi/eiaiai ianaaeo ?: ceiye?ni? oa
aeia?iye?ni? iiaiooai?aiiy aoaeue-yei? eieae?caoe??, o oiio /ene?
ianoiiao?y, aaeaiiia, aino?? aa?y/eia? caoai?thaaiiy, aeoeai? oi?ie
ooaa?eoeueico, ae?aceiaa oai?iaa oeoieo ? aeaaiaaeoeyoeiaei? eeoee,
??cea aeniaaeaiiy, aeeaiea o?aaeaiiy aioo??oi?o i?aai?a c oyaeeei
?iceaaeii ?o ooieoe?e, caoai?thaaiy e?ia?, noai ineo?/iiai iai?oaeaiiy,
aaa?oi?noue oiui.
Caai?iiy?oueny aeeiioaaoe oi/eiaee ianaae o noai? iaa?oue eaaeiai
ni’yi?iiy, i?e aenie?e oaiia?aoo??, i?ae /an iaino?oaoe??, i?e ??ceeo
ia?aiaaeao aoiinoa?iiai oeneo. I?ioyaii i?ioiaeaeaiiy eo?no oi/eiaiai
ianaaeo ia iiaeia ieoe eaao, i?oeiee /ae, aeeiaieue, a oaeiae aaeeaaoe
aino?? i?ei?aae. Ia ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny i?eeiaoe aaiio. Ne?ae ie?aii ieoe
?oee, iiae, iaee//y, ooeoa. Iiaeia ?aeiiaiaeoaaoe oaieee aeoo. sseui
ethaeeia ia? aeae?eueea oai?ia, oi ii/eiathoue e?eoaaiiy c o???, yea
oo?ao? iaeiaioa. Ianenoaiaoe/ia ianaaeoaaiiy aea? i?i?iaeuei?
?acoeueoaoe.
Oi/eiaee ianaae ia ?aeeiee niin?a aieeao ia “oi/ee aeeooy”.
Aieei?aoeaenioa?ai?y — iaea?eueo aei?iaoaaiee ?c on?o a?aeiieo aeey
iaoi? iaaeeoeeie iao?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a eaeoaaiiy. Ei?eni?noue ??
aecia/a?oueny o aaaaoueio e?a?iao. Ca aeaieie Anana?oiuei? i?aai?caoe??
ioi?iie caei?ia’y iaeaea 70 oai?ia e?eothoue eeoa iaeiei
aieeiaeiethaaiiyi ? ua i?eaeecii 200 — ii?aeiaiiyi aieeiaeiethaaiiy ?
o?oioa?ai??.
Aaaaea?oueny, ui iaea?eueo ei?enieie aoaeoaie aeoioieoo?e ?
ciaaiethaaiiy, ?icneaaeaiiy niaci?a i’yc?a, iie?ioaiiy e?iaiia?ao o
oeaieiao, cieaeaiiy aeniei? eiioeaio?aoe?? e?i?ae?a o e?ia?, ciaioaiiy
aieeao iaaei??ieo aiioe?e ? ineo?/ii? aeai?an??, iineeaiiy ?ioiieo
?aaeoe?? ? ca?eueoaiiy ii??iino? aei ?ioaeoe?e.
A?aeiii, ui aaaaeaiiy aieee o oe??o ia?aaeie?//y o n?i ?ac?a ca?eueoo?
oaeaee?noue oa/?? e?ia? ? ui oeae aoaeo o?eaa? o na?aaeiueiio 20 oaeeei.
Iacaaiee ?acoeueoao ye?nii ia?aaaaea? ae?th oaeiai i?aia?aoo, ye
a?noii?i. C aaeeeei oni?oii canoiniaothoue aieeiaeiethaaiiy aeey
e?eoaaiiy a?iio?aeueii? anoie, ae?aceiai? oai?iae oeoiea ?
aeaaiaaeoeyoeiaei? eeoee, i?/iiio iao?eiaii? na/?, aecai?, ?aaeeeoe?o?,
a?ia?oii??. O Eeoa?, iai?eeeaae, ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino? ia ?aii?o
no?ieao aeeiiothoue oeyoii aieeiaeiethaaiiy ? iaa?oue aino?ee
aiaiaeeoeeo e?eothoue oeei aea iaoiaeii.
AEiaeia c oai??e ia caeaoia a?aeia?aceoe /eneaii? aniaeoe
o?c?ieia?/iiai, a?io?i?/iiai, ?ioiieia?/iiai oa ?ioeo aieea?a
aieeiaeiethaaiiiy ia ethaenueeee i?aai?ci, a oaeiae caaeiaieueieoe
aeine?aeiee?a. Iiaeeeai, ui ooo ae?thoue ia a?aeii? iai iaoai?cie
aaeaioaoe??, ye? iano?eueee ??ciyoueny nai?ie ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie
?aaeoe?yie, ui ie iiaeaii eeoa eiinoaooaaoe: a i?aai?ci? i?ae ae??th
aieeiaeiethaaiiy i?aeaeuo?oueny ??aaiue aeayeeo ai?iii?a,
i?inoaaeaiaeeae?a, O- ? A-e?ioioeeo?a ? o.i. Iaiaaii, ui i?ciaiiy
ethaenueei? i?e?iaee ia oaea aaea e i?inoa ni?aaa. sseui oyaeoe anana?o
ye iae?ieini, a ethaeeio ye i?e?ieini, noaia c?icoi?eith aeooaeuei?noue
i?iaeaie i?ciaiiy naaa, yeo iinoaaea ia?aae ethaenoaii
aeaaiueia?aoeueeee o?einio Ieaoii (427-347 ??. aei i.a.).
Noa?a canoinoaaiiy aieeiaeiethaaiiy ?icoe?th?oueny. Aianoac?ieia?y,
o??o?a?y, aeooa?noai ? a?iaeieia?y, aea?iaoieia?y, iaa?ieia?y,
aano?iaioa?ieia?y, iaae?ao??y, o?ieia?y, ioiea?eiaieia?y oni?oii
aeei?enoiaothoue eiai iaoiaee. Ii?yae c ieie ?niothoue oaeiae ?io?
niiniae aeoeaiiai aaeaiiaaiiiai aieeao ia i?aai?ci ethaeeie.
(( (((( (((( ((
Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy o iaeaeeae/iio iaeaooiueiio iathoue
noaoe a?aeiieie ? aeinooiieie aeey eiaeiiai oai?iai. ?acii c oei aaaaoi
?c ieo ia aeaeue, ia aei/aeaaoenue uaneeaiai iiiaeaiiy, ao?a/aii
iacaaaeaee.
Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy iio?aaothoue oaeiai ae aa?aaeiiai
noaaeaiiy, ye ? oieueeei?i? o?aaeeoe?? eiaeiiai ia?iaeo iaoi? ieaiaoe.
Aiie iathoue noaoe o??th ao?a/aiith eaieith i?ae ieioeei ? nueiaiaeaiiyi
a ?i’y iaeaooiueiai, a ?i’y caei?ia’y ? uanoy oeo, eiio ie caeeoeii iaoo
Caieth, iaoo oeea?e?caoe?th.
E??cue eiaeiee iao?aaeeoe?eiee iaoiae e?eoaaiiy /a?aiiith ieoeith
i?ioiaeyoue ii/oooy ni?aaaeiuei? ethaia? aei aeeaeiueiai, ii/oooy
aeaeino? ? ieeina?aey. Iaoeiai ia?ainienethth/e iiooee ? caeiaooee
ieioeeo iieie?iue, ie iieeeeai? caa?aaoe e aeei?enoaoe ?o aei?iaioe?ii?
ia?inoee aeina?aeo ia ei?enoue ethaenoaa.
Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e
Ea?aaeiiaa A.N. Oi/ea… Oi/ea? Oi/ea! -I., 1988.
Aaeueoiaa? A., Ieeeoi?ia A, ?aaeuo A. Eieaoi?u caei?iauey. -I., 1986.
Eanueyi I.A. Iaioaeueiay oa?aiey i?e inoaioiiae?ica iicaiii/ieea. -I.,
1986.
Eo?/aiei I.?. Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy. -E., 1989.
Ia/a?ao A.A., Naiinthe E.C. ?oeiaiaenoai ii ?aoeaenioa?aiee. -E., 1982.
Ienoaoeoai ianaaeo PAGE 18
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