Aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii.
Ii?aaeaeaiea iiiyoey. Aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ia nouanoaoao aaeeiiai
iiaiey, /oi aea n/eoaoue aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiui neiae?iiii (AAN).
Ia?aeeaeueii nouanoaotho ianeieueei i?aaenoaaeaiee ia yoii neiae?iia.
Ia?aia, iaeaieaa ?aiiaa, oa?aeoa?ecoao AAN eae ineoiaaiioth iaeuoeo.
Aeaiiia iiiyoea auei aaaaeaii a i?aeoeeo a 1871 aiaeo Aea Einoa i?e
iaaethaeaiee ca nieaeaoaie a aiaiiia a?aiy. Niaeanii ae?oaiio
i?aaenoaaeaieth, AAN neiiieie/ai aeueaaiey?iie aeia?aaioeeyoeee. Ii
aeueaaiey?iay aeia?aaioeeyoeey — yoi eiiiainaoi?iay ?aaeoeey ia
oeaiaaoth aeiieneth. Oaeia ninoiyiea iiaeao auoue aucaaii yeci- e
yiaeiaaiiuie oaeoi?aie: oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa eenei?iaea ai aaeuoaaiii
aicaeooa, iiauoaiiia iio?aaeaiea eenei?iaea i?e oece/aneeo iaa?oceao;
aiaiey, oe?aioieneeic, eaai/iay e na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
A iaoae ?aaioa iu aoaeai ii?aaeaeyoue aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii eae
ninoiyiea, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany ?yaeii niiaoe/aneeo e ineoe/aneeo
neiioiiia, aucaaiiia aeueaaiey?iie aeia?aaioeeyoeeae aneaaenoaea
ia?ooaiey ?aaoeyoeee aeuoaiey eee i?e i?iecaieueiie aeia?aaioeeyoeee.
Aeaiiay oi?ia ia?ooaiey aaciiaiaiiie ooieoeee eaaeeo oa?aeoa?ecoaony
ecauoi/iui, i?aauoathuei oaeouea iio?aaiinoe i?aaiecia, auaeaeaieai
oaeaeeneiai aaca ec e?iae aneaaenoaea oaaee/aiey iauaia aeueaaiey?iie
aaioeeyoeee. I?e yoii aicieeaao aeiieaiiey, eioi?ay iiaeao
nii?iaiaeaeaoueny iaeioi?ui oaaee/aieai ia?oeeaeueiiai iai?yaeaiey
eenei?iaea a e?iae, iooaeathuae io eaaeeo, e iacia/eoaeueiui iiauoaieai
ieneaaiaoeee aaiiaeiaeia. Ieaea iaoiaaiac AAN aoaeao ?anniio?ai aieaa
iiae?iaii.
Yoeieiaey. Nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai i?e/ei, aucuaathueo AAN. Auee
i?aaei?eiyou iiiuoee ?acaeaeeoue i?e/eiu ia ooieoeeiiaeueiua e
i?aaie/aneea, ii a naaoa i?iaiaeeiuo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy enneaaeiaaiee a
iaeanoe ineoiniiaoeee oaeia ?acaeaeaiea ia nianai ei??aeoii, iineieueeo
iaeuecy aeinoiaa?ii ii?aaeaeeoue, /oi yaeeinue i?e/eiie, a /oi anoue
neaaenoaea.
?en. 1 I?e/eiu aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia:
caaieaaaiey oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie nenoaiu — iauaiiua i?ioeannu,
eoaie/aneee eee iaoe?iue aaii??aae/aneee eioa?eo aieueoiai iicaa,
iicaea/ea eee noaiea iicaa, o?aaiaoe/aneea iia?aaeaeaiey, iiauoaiea
aioo?e/a?aiiiai aeaaeaiey, iae?ieioaeoeee ( a oii /enea, aiaaeac,
oieniieaciic, aaoainoai, AE*-NIEAe), a?iaeaeaiiua aiiiaeee
caaieaaaiey i?aaiia aeuoaiey — eioa?noeoeeaeueiua caaieaaaiey eaaeeo,
ioae eaaeeo, ia?ae/iay eaai/iay aeia?oaicey, iiaaiiiey, yiaieey e
o?iiai-yiaieey eaai/iie a?oa?ee, aaneoeeou, a?iioeaeueiay anoia,
iiaaiioi?aen, aeaoi?iaoeee a?oaeiie eeaoee
caaieaaaiey i?aaiia na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoie nenoaiu — na?aea/iay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, eoaie/aneay aieaciue na?aeoea, aeiioaicey
iaoaaiee/aneea ia?ooaiey
aoeeaeic — i?e naoa?iii aeeaaaoa, eaeoao-aoeeaeic, ii/a/iue aoeeaeic
ia/aii/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue
aeiieney — ?anie?aoi?iay, oee?eoeyoi?iay, aaie/aneay
aiaiey
iiaeuai ia aunioo — ino?ay e o?iie/aneay aunioiay aieaciue
na?aea/iua ooiou
caaieaaaiey eaaeeo
oeaiaaay aeiieney
eiaeae?iaaiea aeuoaoaeueiuo oa?iaioia — niaoeeoe/aneia (oeeaieaeu,
noeueoeaeu. aioeaeioeee), naycuaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiuo a?oii (eiiu
oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia, aeeeee?othuea aaaiou), eiieo?aioiia oi?iiaeaiea
(inaaaeinoano?aou)
ia?ooaiea neioaca oa?iaioia — eaoaeney, ia?ooaiey aaeeiaiai iaiaia,
aeiiaeoaieiic
aeaceioaa?aoeey aeieiae/aneeo iaia?ai
aeiieney ?aciauaiey
yo?iaaiey
eneonnoaaiiay aaioeeyoeey eaaeeo
neeoeii auno?ay ei??aeoeey o?iie/aneiai aoeeaeica
ea/aaiay aeia?aaioeeyoeey
aucaaiiay i?eaiii eaea?noa — naeeoeeeaoia, iaoeeenaioeiia,
aaoa-aae?aii-ieiaoeeia, i?iaanoa?iia
ineoiaaiiua — o?aaiaeiua ninoiyiey, enoa?ey, iino-o?aaiaoe/aneia
no?anniaia ?anno?ienoai, i?e neiae?ii Rett, aieue
i?iecaieueiay aeia?aaioeeyoeey
?acee/iua ae?oaea i?e/eiu — aa?aiaiiinoue (n ?acee/iie noaiaiueth
au?aaeaiiinoe eioieneeaoeee eee ii?iaeueii i?ioaeathuay), eeoi?aaeea,
naioeoeaiey (iniaaiii, aucaaiiay a?ai-io?eoeaoaeueiuie aaeoa?eyie),
aaeoa?ei-oiene/aneee oie
Yieaeaieieiaey. Aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii aeeaaiinoe?oaony o 8-11%
i?ioeaioia iaoeeaioia, iinooiathueo a ea/aaiua o/?aaeaeaiey. *anoioa
ano?a/aaiinoe aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia ?acei oaaee/eeanue ca
iineaaeiea ianeieueei eao, /oi iiaeao auoue naycaii eae n oaaee/aieai
/anoiou caaieaaaiee, i?eaiaeyueo e AAN, oae e n oeo/oaieai aeeaaiinoeee
e eciaiaieai aeeaaiinoe/aneeo iiaeoiaeia. Niioiioaiea ioae/ei e aeaiuei
ninoaaeyao 1:4. Iaeneioi caaieaaaaiinoe i?eoiaeeeny ia aic?anoiie
i?iiaaeooie io 30 aei 40 eao, ii a iineaaeiaa a?aiy ioia/aaony iiauoaiea
caaieaaaaiinoe o aeaoae e iiae?inoeia. A 40% neo/aaa i?e ianeaaeiaaiee
iaia?oaeeaaaony ii?oieiae/aneee noano?ao.
Iaoiaaiac. Iniiaiui iaoiaaiaoe/aneei iaoaieciii aeia?-aaioeeyoeeiiiiai
neiae?iia yaeyaony ia?ooaiea ?aaoeyoeee aeuoaiey. Iiiaeanoai
yoeieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia iiaeii naanoe e iniiaiui i?e/eiai: oeaiaaay
aeiieney, aeiieaiiey, iia?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo? aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a,
eioieneeaoeey, ineoe/aneea oaeoi?u.
Iaiin?aaenoaaiiue iaoaieci aicieeiiaaiey aeaiiiai neiae?iia caeeth/aaony
a oaaee/aiee aeueaaiey?iie aaioeeyoeee. Yoi iiaeao auoue iiin?aaeiaaiii
eae /a?ac ineoe/aneea, oae e /a?ac iaoaaiee/aneea nenoaiu ?aaoeyoeee
aeuoaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, ia?eoa?e/aneea oaii?aoeaioi?u noeioee?otho
aeuoaoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue i?e aeiienaiee, i?e canoieiie na?aea/iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe aeoeae?othony aooa?aioiua ia?aneiiaoe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u
a eaaeeo e aicaeooiiiniuo iooyo. Ieceee na?aea/iue aua?in e aeiioaicey
noeioee?otho ia?aoa?e/aneea oaii?aoeaioi?u e eiaeae?otho aa?i?aoeaioi?u,
/oi a iaieo neo/ayo i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth eaai/iie aaioeeyoeee. I?e
iaoaaiee/aneii aoeeaeica i?ienoiaeeo aeoeaaoeey eae ia?aoa?e/aneeo, oae
e oeaio?aeueiuo oaii?aoeaioi?ia e iiauoaao /oanoaeoaeueiinoue
ia?aoa?e/aneeo oaii?aoeaioi?ia e oaea nouanoaothuae aeiienaiee.
Ia/aii/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue oaeaea iiaeao i?iaioee?iaaoue
aeia?aaioeeyoeeth i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii a ?acoeueoaoa aicaeaenoaey
iaoaaieeoia ia ia?aoa?e/aneea e oeaio?aeueiua oaii?aoeaioi?u. Eiaao
cia/aiea iaoaie/aneay aeoeaaoeey aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a (o?aaia,
iauaiiia ia?aciaaiea). Iienaiu neo/ae ia?aciaaiey ?aaa?aa?aoi?ia e
nio?aiaiey noieeie iaeniaeea?iie aeoeaiinoe a noaiea iicaa iinea
iia?aaeaeaiee oeaie iicaa. I?e oyaeaeie oea?aa?iaaneoey?iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe, o?aaiaa e ineoiaaieyo ionoonoaoao oi?iicyuaa aeaenoaea
ei?eiauo no?oeoo? ia iae?iiu aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a. N?aaeiee iica e
aeiioaeaion noeioee?otho aeia?aaioeeyoeeth i?e nainena, eeoi?aaeea.
I?iaanoa?ii e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea ai?iiiu ieacuaatho i?yiia noeioee?othuaa
aeaenoaea ia iae?iiu aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a.
A aeaeueiaeoai, aeaaea anee i?e/eia, aucaaaoay aeia?aaioeeyoeeth,
nio?aiyaony, oi o?iaaiue eaai/iie aaioeeyoeee inoaaony iiauoaiiui e
aeiieaiie/aneia ninoiyiea nio?aiyaony.
Oaaeeoea 1. I?e/eiu e iaoaieciu ?acaeoey aeia?aaioeeyoeee.
yoeieiae/aneee oaeoi? iaoaieci ?aaeecaoeee yoeieiae/aneiai oaeoi?a
aeiieney, aoeeaeic, ia/aii/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeoeaaoeey
ia?aoa?e/aneeo oaii?aoeaioi?ia
aoeeaeic, ia/aii/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeoeaaoeey oeaio?aeueiuo,
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue ia?aoa?e/aneeo oaii?aoeaioi?ia e aeiienee iiauoaaony
i?e aoeeaeica
canoieiay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeoeaaoeey aooa?aioiuo
ia?aneiiaoe/aneeo ?aoeaioi?ia a eaaeeo e aicaeooiiiniuo iooyo (/a?ac N.
vagus)
aeiioaicey, nieaeaiea na?aea/iiai aua?ina aeoeaaoeey ia?aoa?e/aneeo
oaii?aoeaioi?ia, oiaiueoaiea aooa?aioiie eiioeuenaoeee io
aa?i?aoeaioi?ia
o?aaiaoe/aneia iia?aaeaeaiea aieiaiiai iicaa, iauaiiia ia?aciaaiea
aioo?e/a?aiiay aeia?oaicey, iaoaie/aneia ?acae?aaeaiea
eeoi?aaeea, naioe/aneia ninoiyiea aeoeaaoeey aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a
iiin?aaeiaaiia /a?ac aeiioaeaion e n?aaeiee iica
i?iaanoa?ii, iaeioi?ua ae?oaea ai?iiiu i?yiay noeioeyoeey aeuoaoaeueiiai
oeaio?a
oyaeaeay noaiaiue oea?aa?i-aaneoey?iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe, o?aaiaa,
ineoiaaiee aueeth/aiea oi?iicyuaai aeaenoaey ei?eiauo no?oeoo? aieueoiai
iicaa ia iae?iiu aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a
Aeia?aaioeeyoeey i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieyi yeaeo?ieeoiiai iaiaia —
aeiieaeueoeeaiee, aeia?iao?eaiee, aeiieaeeaiee — eioi?ua iai?aaeaiu ia
eiiiainaoeeth ?anie?aoi?iiai aeeaeica.
I?e aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiie aeiieaiiee iiauoaaony aicaoaeeiinoue ei?u
aieiaiiai iicaa. ?aiueoa anaai aeia?aaioeeyoeey aeeyao ia inycaiea,
caoai ia iuouaiea aeaaeaiey, oieiaea, oaiea, aiee. *anoi aicieeatho
yaeaiey ia?anoacee a eiia/iinoyo, a iaeanoe eeoea, iiaeao ioia/aoueny
aieue a eaaie iieiaeia a?oaeiie eeaoee e a aeeaioa. Aiciiaeiu
yiioeeiiaeueiua e iiaaaeai/aneea ?anno?ienoaa, neieiiaeueiua ninoiyiey.
Aiciiaeii ?acaeoea yieeaioe/aneeo e yieeaioeoi?iiuo i?eiaaeeia (aoi?e/ii
ii ioiioaieth e aacieiino?eeoeee ninoaeia aieiaiiai iicaa).
Oa?aeoa?iui neiioiiii yaeythony noaei?iae e niaciu neaeaoiuo iuooe,
eioi?ua aicieeatho i?e nieaeaiee ia?oeeaeueiiai aeaaeaiey NI2 i?eia?ii
aaeaia ii ioiioaieth e ii?iaeueiui aaee/eiai (37-42 mm Hg). *anoui
neiioiiii yaeyaony ea?ii-iaaeaeueiue niaci. Cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a
aicieeiiaaiee noaei?ia ea?aao eiiece?iaaiiue eaeueoeee, a oaeaea
ia?ooaiey aaeaina iaaiey. Iuoa/iay neaainoue iaoneiaeaia
aeiioinoaoaieae. Aiaeiaii noaei?ia iiaeao auoue o?aii?. A oyaeaeuo
neo/ayo ?acaeaaaony oaoaion.
?acaeaathuayny aeiieaiiey nieaeaao onoie/eainoue i?aaiecia e aeiienee
(i?e ai?iie aieacie). Aeiieaiiey i?eaiaeeo e iiauoaieth oiiona ninoaeia
e, niioaaonoaaiii, e nieaeaieth ia?oocee ieiea?aea, aieiaiiai iicaa,
i?eaiaeeo e nenoaiiie aeiioaicee, /oi onoaoaeyao oa/aiea aeiienee e
oooaeoaao a? ia?aiineiinoue.
Niaeanii caeiio Ai?a, oiaiueoaiea iai?yaeaiey oaeaeeneiai aaca a e?iae
i?eaiaeeo e naeaeao e?eaie aeennioeeaoeee ieneaaiiaeiaeia aeaai, /oi
io?aaeaao, a /anoiinoe, cao?oaeiaiea ooeeecaoeee eenei?iaea oeaiyie.
Aeiieaeeaiey i?eaiaeeo e eciaiaieth yeaeo?e/aneie noaaeeueiinoe
ieiea?aea, /oi iiaeao nii?iaiaeaeaoueny yeno?anenoieeae, aeai?anneae
coaoea O. Aeiieaeeaiey y?ei au?aaeaia eeoue i?e ino?uo oi?iao.
Oaeaeeneue aac iiieaeaao iio?aaiinoe oeaiae a eenei?iaea, oi anoue a
oneiaeyo aeiieaiiee oaaee/eaaaony ?anoiae eenei?iaea, /oi naycaii n
iiauoaieai aeoeaiinoe ieeneeoaeueiuo i?ioeannia.
Aeia?aaioeeyoeey iiaeao auoue ioa?aeoa?eciaaia, eae i?ioeann, i?e
eioi?ii cao?aou ia eaai/ioth aaioeeyoeeth aieueoa iieo/aaiie auaiaeu.
I?e aeia?aaioeeyoeee aeuoaoaeueiua iuooeu iiaoo iio?aaeyoue 30-50
i?ioeaioia iinooiaaiiai eenei?iaea.
I?e o?iie/aneie aeia?aaioeeyoeee aeuoaoaeueiue oeaio? ooieoeeiie?oao a
oneiaeyo ieceiai iai?yaeaiey oaeaeeneiai aaca, /oi iiieaeaao aai ii?ia
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe. ?acaeaaaony ii?i/iue e?oa, eiaaea aeaaea
iacia/eoaeueiay oece/aneay iaa?ocea, ineoiyiioeeiiaeueiia iai?yaeaiea
aaaeoo e oaeoaeaieth e o/auaieth aeuoaiey, /oi onoaoaeyao aeiieaiieth,
aeiieneth e oneeeaaao eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey (?en. 1).
?en. 2
“Ii?i/iue e?oa” aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia
ioneiaua i?e/eiu aeia?aaioeeyoeey aeaoeoeeo
NI2
o?aaiaa
neiioiiu
N/eoaaony, /oi o eeoe n aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiui neiae?iiii ecia/aeueii
anoue iaonoie/eainoue a nenoaia ?aaoeyoeee aeuoaiey.
Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey. Neiioiiaoeea aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia
/?acau/aeii ?aciiia?acia. Iaeei ec aa?eaioia eeanneoeeaoeee eeeie/aneeo
i?iyaeaiee aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia i?aaenoaaeai ieaea:
?en. 3 Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey (ii Aa?ineiiao):
Ioeueiiiiaaiiua Iauea
iaeuoea nieaeaiea
o?oaeiniiniaiinoe
acaeioe neaainoue
caaioa noaoaa?eeeoao
nooie eaoaeue
Ineoi-yiioeeiiaeueiua
Ea?aeeiaaneoey?iua o?aaiaa
ea?aeeaeaey aaniieienoai
yeno?anenoieey aanniiieoea
oaoeea?aeey
Iaa?ieiae/aneea
Aano?iyioa?ieiae/aneea aieiaie?oaeaiea
aeenoaaey iaii?iee
aiee a yieaano?ee ia?anoacee
nooinoue ai ?oo oaoaiey (?aaeei)
ay?ioaaey
caii?u Iuoa/ii-einoiua
iuoa/iay aieue
o?aii?
Neiioiiaoeea ianiaoeeoe/ia e, iiyoiio, o?aaoaony aeeooa?aioee?iaaoue
aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii n iiiaeanoaii, a oii /enea, iianiuo aeey
aeecie iaoeeaioa e o?aaothueo yeno?aiiie iiiiue, caaieaaaiee.
Ea?aeeaeaey. Aiee a iaeanoe na?aeoea i?e aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiii neiae?iia
iiaoo auoue eioaineaiuie, n?aaieiuie n eoaie/aneeie aieyie i?e
ei?iia?iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe. Ii aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii iianai
oai, iniaaiii o iaoeeaioia n caeioa?aniaaiiuie ei?iia?iuie a?oa?eyie,
/oi iiaeao i?eaanoe e ?acaeoeth ino?ie eoaiee ieiea?aea aneaaenoaea
ei?iia?iniacia, oae eae aeia?aaioeeyoeey /anoi aucuaaao noaeaiea
i?inaaoa ninoaeia, a oii /enea ei?iia?iuo. Ii oaeiio aea iaoaiecio,
i?eaiaeyuaio e niacio ninoaeia, aiciiaeii ?acaeoea eoaie/aneeo
ii?aaeaiee ae?oaeo i?aaiia — aieiaiiai iicaa, eeoa/ieea, ii/ae etc.
Ii aiee a a?oaeiie eeaoea iiaoo iiyaeyoueny aneaaenoaea ia?aiai?yaeaiey
e niacie?iaaiey aeuoaoaeueiie ioneoeaoo?u, ?acaeoey ieiceoa a i?ia?aiia
aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia, a oaeaea ec-ca nenoaiiiai e eieaeueiiai
aoeeaeica.
Aeeaaiinoeea e ea/aiea. Iniiaiui a aeeaaiinoeea aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai
neiae?iia yaeyaony auyaeaiea i?e/eiu, oae eae ia?ooaiey aiiainoaca i?e
aeaiiii caaieaaaiee naiinoiyoaeueii ia iianiu aeey aeecie iaoeeaioa a
aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy.
Aeeaaiic “aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii” ia noaaeony eae iniiaiie. Yoio
neiae?ii ?anoeaieaatho eae ineiaeiaiea iniiaiiai caaieaaaiey. Oaeeo
caaieaaaiee aeinoaoi/ii iiiai (ni. ?en. 1). A yoii neo/aa iiaeii
i?aaeiieiaeeoue iaee/ea aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia ii nieaeaieth
ia?oeeaeueiiai aeaaeaiey oaeaeeneiai aaca a ieacia e?iae a aeaa ?aca ii
ioiioaieth e ii?iaeueiui aaee/eiai, /oi yaeyaony iniiaiui
aeeaaiinoe/aneei e?eoa?eai; ii yeaeo?ieeoiui ia?ooaieyi —
aeiieaeueoeeaiey, aeia?iao?eaiey, aeiieaeaiey, aeiioinoaoaiey; ii
eciaiaieyi eeneioii-iniiaiiai ninoiyiey — ?anie?aoi?iue aeeaeic e
iaoaaiee/aneee aoeeaeic.
Neiaeiinoue aeey aeeaaiinoeee i?aaenoaaeytho iay?ei au?aaeaiiua oi?iu
aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia. Iaoeeaiou i?aaeuyaeytho iiiaeanoai
ianiaoeeoe/iuo aeaeia. *anoi aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii ni/aoaaony n
iia?aie/iuie ineoe/aneeie ninoiyieyie, e oiaaea neiioiiu niiaoe/aneea e
ineoiaaiiua auaaao o?oaeii aeeooa?aioee?iaaoue, /oi, ai?i/ai, e ia
anaaaea oeaeaniia?acii. Enoa?ey, o?aaiaeiua ninoiyiey eieoeee?otho e
iiaeaea?aeeaatho aeia?aaoeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii. Aaaeii iiiieoue, /oi
o?aaiaa iiaeao auoue aoi?e/iie ii ioiioaieth e niiaoe/aneiio
caaieaaaieth.
Oaaeeoea 2. O?aaiaeiua ninoiyiey.
Ninoiyiea* Iaaeeeaiaioiciia ea/aiea Iaiaaeeeaiaioiciua iaoiaeu ea/aiey**
neooaoeeiiiay o?aaiaa anee o?aaoaony, oi neooaoeeiiiia, iai?eia?, i?eai
(-a-ae. iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia?aae o?aaiaeauei niauoeai ineoioa?aiey —
?aoeeiiaeueiay eee iiaaaeai/aneay. Iau/ii aeinoaoi/ii nianoaaiiuo
caueoiuo iaoaieciia.
oiae/aneay o?aaiaa o?aieaeeecaoi?u ineoe/aneay aeanaineaeeecaoeey
niaianoii n oa?iaeioa?aieae
o?aaiaa iaeeaeaiey aaiciaeeacaieiu
niiioaiiay o?aaiaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeai? i?aia?aoa
iino-no?anniaay o?aaiaa
eneeth/aiea aeaenoaey o?aaie?othuaai oaeoi?a, ioaeuo
ineoioe/aneee no?ao iae?ieaioeee, ca eneeth/aieai iaeioi?uo
eioieneeaoeeiiiuo ineoicia ia?aie/aiea aiaoieo ?acae?aaeeoaeae,
niieieiay ianoaiiaea
o?aaiaeiay aeai?anney aaiciaeeacaieiu, o?eoeeeee/aneea aioeaeai?annaiou,
eiaeaeoi?u IAI e ia?aoiiai caoaaoa na?ioiieia; ni/aoaiea ieceeo aeic
iae?ieaioeeia e OAAe (a neo/aa ineoica)
iaa?ic o?aaiae aaiciaeeacaieiu
iaie/aneia ?anno?ienoai aioeaeai?annaiou, o?aieaeeecaoi?u
aoi?e/iay o?aaiaa ea/aiea iniiaiiai caaieaaaiey, naaeaoeey eee
noeioeyoeey, a caaeneiinoe io enoiaeiiai ninoiyiey
I?eia/aiea:
* ia yaeythony iicieiae/aneeie aaeeieoeaie ii ICD-10 e DSM-IV
** oeacaiu eeai i?aaeii/oeoaeueiua iaoiaeu, eeai iaeaieaa /anoi
i?eiaiyaiua; ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneia ea/aiea iieacaii i?e ethaie oi?ia
o?aaiae e i?e iieiaeeoaeueiii yooaeoa aeaao aieaa iieiia ecea/aiea, eee
noaaeeueiinoue e aeeeoaeueiinoue ?aiennee, a oaeaea onoie/eainoue ii
ioiioaieth e iiaui ineoio?aaie?othuei oaeoi?ai. Oeaeaniia?acii
eiiaeie?iaaoue ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneea iaoiaeu n oa?iaeioa?aieae, iniaaiii
a ino?ii ninoiyiee.
IAI — iiiiaieiieneaeaca
OAAe — o?eoeeeee/aneea aioeaeai?annaiou
(-a-ae. — aaoa-aae?aii-aeieaoi?u
Aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii iaiaoiaeeii aeeooa?aioee?iaaoue n
aeiieaiie/aneeie oeiaie ?anno?ienoa.
Oaaeeoea 3. “Iniaaiiinoe eeeie/aneeo i?iyaeaiee aaioeeyoeeiiiuo
?anno?ienoa”
Oei aaioeeyoeeiiiuo ?anno?ienoa
Aeeaaiinoe/aneee i?eciae aeiieaiie/aneea aeia?eaiie/aneea
Naycue iaeuoee n oece/aneie iaa?oceie /aoeay iao /aoeie nayce
Ii/iay iaeuoea i/aiue ?aaeei /anoi
O?ai ia auaaao /anoi
Aeiieaiie/aneea aeaeiau o?aii?, aieiaie?oaeaiea, neaainoue, iioeeainoue
i?eniaaeeiythony ii ia?a oneeaiey iaeuoee ia ano?a/aaony *
?a NI2 (mm Hg) iaiaa 35 aieaa 45
Yooaeoeaiinoue i?aia?aoia aaoa-aae?aii-aeieaoi?u, ineoio?iiiua i?aia?aou
aeuoaoaeueiua aiaeaioeee
A yoii neo/aa aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiue neiae?ii iiaeao ?anniao?eaaaony eae
iaeei ec eeeie/aneeo aa?eaioia iae?ioee?eoeyoi?iie aeenoiiee,
i?ioaeathuae n ia?ooaieyie aiaoiaai aeuoaiey.
Oaaeeoea 4. Aa?eaiou iae?ioee?eoeyoi?iie aeenoiiee ii ia?ooaieth
aaciaiai ninoaaa e?iae.
Aeia?eaiie/aneee
Aeiieaiie/aneee
Ii?iieaiie/aneee
Eaai?aoi?iua iieacaoaee. Iniiaiui eaai?aoi?iui e?eoa?eai aeeaaiinoeee
aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia yaeyaony iiauoaiea ia?oeeaeueiiai
aeaaeaiey oaeaeeneiai aaca a a?oa?eaeueiie e?iae ii n?aaiaieth n
ii?iaeueiuie iieacaoaeyie. Ii a neo/aa ne?uoiai aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai
neiae?iia PaCO2 iiaeao auoue a i?aaeaeao ii?iu a ninoiyiee iieiy. Aeey
yoiai i?iaiaeeony i?iaa n i?iecaieueiie aeia?aaioeeyoeeae. I?iaa
i?iaiaeeony neaaeothuei ia?acii:
Ecia?aiea PaCO2
Iaoeeaioa i?inyo aeuoaoue iaeneiaeueii aeoaiei n /anoioie iaeei aaeio a
aeaa naeoiaeu ia i?ioyaeaiee ieioou
Ecia?aiea PaCO2
Ioeaiea i?iau: a ii?ia PaCO2 ainnoaiaaeeaaaony a oa/aiea ia aieaa 5
ieioo, a neo/aa ne?uoiai aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia aeiieaiiey
nio?aiyaony a oa/aiea 20 ieioo e aieaa
I?e ioeaiea eeneioii-iniiaiiai ninoiyiey iiaeao auoue iaia?oaeaia BE (
-3 i?e pH a i?aaeaeao ii?iu. Eeneioiinoue ii/e iiaeao auoue iiauoaia eae
eiiiainaoeey iaoaaiee/aneiai aoeeaeica.
Ea/aiea aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia naiaeeony e neaaeothuei
i?eioeeiai:
Yoeio?iiiay oa?aiey
I?a?uaaiea ii?i/iiai e?oaa ?acaeoey aeia?aaioeeyoeee
Ineoioa?aiey
Ineoio?iiiua i?aia?aou
Ei??aeoeey ia?ooaiee aiiainoaca — yeaeo?ieeoiuo ia?ooaiee, ia?ooaiee
eeneioii-iniiaiiai ninoiyiey
Neiioiiaoe/aneay oa?aiey ineiaeiaiee aeia?aaioeeyoeeiiiiai neiae?iia —
i?ioeainoaei?iaeiay oa?aiey, aioea?eoie/aneay oa?aiey, iiaeaea?aeaiea
nenoaiiiai a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea e eeeaeaeaoeey
iineaaenoaee aeiiia?oocee i?aaiia
Aeiiieieoaeueiay ineoieiae/aneay iiaeaea?aeea iaoeeaioa
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