AAe?AIY?AE*ANEEA EAEA?NOAAIIUA N?AAeNOAA (4)
Ii?aaeaeaiea: aae?aiy?ae/aneea i?aia?aou – yoi eaea?noaaiiua
aauanoaa, eioi?ua i?aiyonoaotho eee aini?iecaiaeyo yooaeou
eaoaoieaieiia. Aeaaiay ?ieue aae?aiy?ae/aneie nenoaiu – a ?aaoeyoeee
na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoie nenoaiu.
Aae?aiaeei auaeaeyaony:
1. Iinoaaiaeeiia?iua ieii/aiey neiiaoe/aneiai ia?aa.
2. Iicaiaie neie iaaeii/a/ieeia.
=> ii auiieiyao (1) iae?iiaaeeaoi?ioth e (2) iae?iiiaeoeyoi?ioth
(aoii?aeueioth) ooieoeee. Aae?aiaeei auiieiyao ooieoeee 1 e 2 a OeIN.
Ia?aneiiaoe/aneay IN i?aiaeaaeaao a ioiioaiee ooieoeee anao i?aaiia,
e?iia e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia. A ieo aeaaiia cia/aiea – neiiaoe/aneay IN.
=> Ooieoeee aioo?aiieo i?aaiia yooaeoeaiaa ea/eoue oieeiy?ae/aneeie
n?aaenoaaie, a oiion ninoaeia – aae?aiy?ae/aneeie.
Ia?aaea/a aicaoaeaeaiey a aae?aiy?ae/aneeo neiainao.
1)Ia?aciaaiea iaaeeaoi?a: oaieeaeaiei ->oe?icei
->aeeieneoaieeaeaiei (AeIOA) ->aeioaiei (1-e iaaeeaoi?,eaoaoieaiei)
->ii?aae?aiaeei (ae.?ieue a ia?aaea/a aicaoaeaeaiey a aae?aiy?ae/aneeo
neiainao). Ii?aae?aiaeei a neiainao e iaaeii/a/ieeao iiaeao
ia?aoiaeeoue a aae?aiaeei e iaiai?io).
Ia/eiay n o?aoueae ?aaeoeee i?ienoiaeyo a ia?aiuo eeaoie
(ia?aua ?aaeoeee – a ia/aie). Iaaeeaoi?u nioneathony ii aeniio a
aaceeoeao a i?aneiiaoe/aneea ieii/aiey. A i?ioeann o?ainiioa aaceeoe
i?eieiatho o/anoea eiiu iaaiey. Iaaeeaoi?u iiaoo ?ac?o-
oaoueny IAI (iiiiaieiiieneaeacie) oei A (?ac?ooaao ii?aae?aiaeei,
aae?aiieei e na?ioiiei). Ii?aae?aiaeei e aae?aiieei aeey caueou io IAI
niaaeeiythony ni niaoeeaeueiuie aaeeaie e AOO (ia?acoaony aeaii). Yoi
– noaaeeueiua a?aioeu (noaaeeueiay o?aeoeey). Eaaeeueiay o?aeoeey
i?aaenoaaeaia ianaycaiiui iaaeeaoi?ii a aaceeoeao. E?iia
oiai eiaaony iaaieueoia eiee/anoai naiaiaeiiai aae?aiaeeia a
oeeoiieacia, ii ii eaaei ?ac?ooaaony oa?iaioaie.
Iinea auoiaea iaaeeaoi?a a neiaioe/aneoth uaeue aai eceeoee
iiaoo ?ac?ooaoueny eaoaoiei?oiiaoeeo?ainoa?acie (nie?auaiii – EIIO).
Iiaeao auoue ia?aoiue caoaao /anoe iaaeeaoi?a i?aneiaioe/aneie
iaia?aiie.
Aeaeu aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia. _.
Aae?aii?aoeaioi?u auaatho /aou?ao aeaeia: aeueoa- aae?aii?aoeaioi?u (2
oeia – aeueoa1 e aeueoa2) e aaoaaae?aii?aoeaioi?u (aaoa1 e aaoa2).
Niune ?acaeaeaiey: aeueoa – ?aoeaioi?u aeiee?othony aaaaeaieai
aeeaeieaeia nii?uiuee, a aaoa – ?aoeaioi?u – ia aeiee?othony.
?aoeaioi?u aeaeyony oaeaea ia i?aneiaioe/aneea e iinoneiaioe/aneea.
Iinoneiaioe/aneea aeueoa – aae?aii?aoeaioi?u eae i?aaeei aucuaatho
aeoeaaoeeth (ii aeey aeaaeeeo iuooe
eeoa/ieea – iaiai?io, ?anneaaeaiea). *a?ac iinoneiaioe/aneea aaoa-
?aoeaioi?u ieacuaaaony a iniiaiii oi?iiciia aeeyiea (ii aeey
na?aeoea – eneeth/aiea – aicaoaeaeathuee yooaeo). I?aneiaioe/aneea
aeueoa2-aae?aii?aoeaioi?u oiaiueoatho neioac e aua?in iaaeea
oi?ia, a i?aneiaioe/aneea aaoa2- aae?aii?aoeaioi?u oaaee/eaatho e oi e
ae?oaia.
I?e aeaenoaee ia aeueoa1-aae?aii?aoeaioi?u a eeaoeo ia/eiatho
iinooiaoue eiiu eaeueoeey, ieacuaay i?yiia aicaoaeaeathuaa aeaenoaea.
E?iia oiai, aeoeae?oaony oinoieeiaca N(Oea). Iia ?anuaieyao
iaia?aiiue oinoieeieae ia aeaa aeoeaiuo aauanoaa: eii-
ceo-3-oinoao, eioi?ue noeioee?oao aua?in eaeueoeey ec aioo?eeeaoi/iuo
aeaii a oeeoiieacia, e aeeaoeeeaeeoea?ie, eioi?ue aeoeae?oao
i?ioaeieeiacu. I?ioaeieeiacu aeoeae?otho oinoi?eeacu, eioi?ua
oinoi?eee?otho aaeee. I?e aeaenoaee ia aaoa-?aoeaioi?u _./a?ac
?aaoeyoi?iue aaeie Gs aeoeae?oaony aaeaieeaooeeeeaca, a i?iaeoeo aa
?aaiou – oeeeee/aneay AIO aeoeae?oao i?ioaeieeiacu. I?e aeaenoaee ia
aeueoa2-?aoeaioiu _./a?ac aaeie Gi aaeaieeaooeeeeaca eiaeae?oaony.
E Gs e Gi aeey naiae ?aaiou o?aaotho AOO.
Oeceieiaey aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia a eiie?aoiuo i?aaiao.
?aoeaioi?u Aaea ?aniieiaeaiu ?aaeoeey ia aeoeaaoeeth
Aeueoa1 Ninoaeu eiaee, neecenouo iaiei/ae, i?aaiia a?thoiie ii einoe.
Niaci, oaaee/aiea iauaai ia?eoa?e/aneiai nii?ioeaeaiey ninoaeia e
n?aaeiaai AAe.
Noeieoa?u aeaaeeiiuoa/iuo i?aaiia, iaoea Niaci, nie?auaiea
?aaeeaeueiay iuooea aeaca Nie?auaiea, ieae?eac (?anoe?aiea c?a/ea)
Ieeiiioi?u Ieeiy?aeoeey (iiaeuai aiein)
Ia/aiue Oaaee/aiea aeeeiaaiieeca
Aaoa1 Na?aeoea Oaoeea?aeey, oaaee/aiea nie?aoeiinoe
Eeoa/iee ?anneaaeaiea (oaaee/eaaaony aioo?eeeaoi/iay eiioeaio?aoeey
eaeey)
Aaoa2 A?iioe ?anneaaeaiea
Ninoaeu neaeaoiuo iuooe Niaci, oaaee/aiea AAe
Iaoea Ineaaeaiea nie?auaiee
Aeueoa2 Iinoneiaioe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u OeIN Oi?iiaeaiea aeoeaiinoe
iae?iiia iaeanoe nieeoa?iiai o?aeoa
Oieeia?ae/aneea e aae?aiai?ae/aneea ia?aiua ieii/aiey
(i?aneiaioe/aneea) Oiaiueoaiea aua?ina ieaeeaoi?ia.
Aia- eee iinoneiaioe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u ninoaeia Niaci (oaaee/aiea aoiaea
eaeueoeey)
Iaie?aaoe/aneea (- eeaoee Nieaeaiea nae?aoeee einoeeia, oi?iiaeaiea
aaeaieeaooeeeeacu, aeoeaaoeey eaeeaauo eaiaeia
O?iiaioeeou Aa?aaaoeey
AEe?iaay oeaiue Oi?iiaeaiea eeiieeca
E?iia oiai, ( e ( ?aoeaioi?u eiathony a OeIN. Oai iie ieacuaatho
aicaoaeaeathuea e oi?iiciua yooaeou (oi?iiciua i?aiaeaaeatho).
Eeanneoeeaoeey eaea?noaaiiuo aauanoa.
Ii ianoo aeaenoaey Iai?aaeaiiinoue Ecae?aoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey
i?aneiaioe/aneea e iinoneiaioe/aneea aeaenoaey (( – eee ( , 1 eee 2,
ieiaoeee eee eeoeee Oieueei ( eee ( e (
I?AIA?AOU
1. Oneeeaathuea aae?aiy?ae/aneoth ia?aaea/o ia?aiuo eiioeuenia.
1.1 Aae?aiiieiaoeee i?yiiai aeaenoaey.
1.1.1 Aeueoa, aaoa – aae?aiiieiaoeee. Aae?aiaeei (ana
aae?aii?aoeaioi?u)
1.1.2 Aeueoa – aae?aiiieiaoeee. Ii?aae?aiaeei (( 1, ( 2, /anoe/ii –
e () Iacaoii (( 1 – ?aoeaioi?u) Iaooecei (( 2 – ?aoeaioi?u ia ia?eoa?ee)
Aaeacieei (( 2 – ?aoeaioi?u ia ia?eoa?ee)
Eeiieaeei (eeioaeei) (aeueoa2 – ?aoeaioi?u OeIN) Aoaioaoeei (aeueoa2 –
?aoeaioi?u OeIN)
1.1.3 Aaoa – aae?aiiieiaoeee. Ecaae?ei (aaoa1 e aaoa2 –
?aoeaioi?u) Aeiaooaiei (aaoa1 – ?aoeaioi?u), Aeioaiei (aaoa1, /anoe/ii
– (), I?oeei?aiaeei, Oaiioa?ie ( 2- ?aoeaioi?u Naeaooaiie
1.2 Neiiaoiieiaoeee (iai?yiia aeaenoaea). Yoaae?ei, Oaiaiei,
Oe?aiei, Eieaei + iaeioi?ua o?eoeeeee/aneea aioeaeai?annaiou
2 Ineaaeythuea aae?aiy?ae/aneea yooaeou.
2.1 Aae?aiieeoeee i?yiiai aeaenoaey.
2.1.1 Aeueoa, aaoa – aae?aiieeoeee. Eaaaoaeie
2.1.2 Aeueoa – aae?aiieeoeee.
Oaioieaiei, Ie??ienai, Aeeaeae?iy?aioaiei,
Aeeaeae?iy?aioienei: ( 1 e (2
I?acicei (oieueei ( 1)
2.1.3 Aaoa – aeieaoi?u.
I?ii?aiieie, Ieni?aiaeie, Ieiaeieie – ( 1 e ( 2
Oaeeiieie – ea?aeeinaeaeoeaiua ( 1, Iaoii?ieie e Aoaiieie –
( 1
2.2 Aae?aiieeoeee iai?yiiai aeaenoaey (neiiaoieeoeee)
?aca?iei Ieoaaeei I?ieae Iaoee-AeIOA
Aeeyiea aae?aiaeeia ia a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea.
1 oaca – aeoeaaoeey aaoa1- aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia ieiea?aea.
Oaaee/eaaaony na?aea/iue aua?in.
2 oaca – caaea?aeea iiaeuaia aeaaeaiey (aaaiaeai?anni?iue ?aoeaeoi?iue
yooaeo).
3 oaca – aeeyiea aae?aiaeeia ia aeueoa (iiaeuai) e aaoa (niaae)
?aoeaioi?u ninoaeia.
4 oaca – neaaeiaay aeiioaicey. Auno?ue iae?iiaeueiue caoaao
aae?aiaeeia, eiaeoeaaoeey aai ecauoea oa?iaioii EIIO (niio?e
auoa).
Iieacaiey e i?eiaiaieth:
1. Aeiioiiey (eieeain, oie) – eaiaeueiia aaaaeaiea.
2. Inoaiiaea na?aeoea – aioo?ena?aea/iia aaaaeaiea.
3. A?iioeaeueiay anoia (aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia) – iiaeeiaeii
eee aioo?eiuoa/ii. Ia i?aia?ao auai?a (ianiaoeeoe/ai).
4. Ainiaeeoaeueiua caaieaaaiey neecenouo iaiei/ae (i?eiaiyaony
ianoii).
5. Aeey i?ieiiae?iaaiey yooaeoa ianoiuo aianoaoeeia.
6. Aeiiaeeeaie/aneia ninoiyiea i?e ia?aaeice?iaea einoeeia.
Aae?aiaeei – iaaeeeiceaeiue ea?aeeinoeioeyoi?. Ii iiauoaao
iio?aaiinoue na?aeoea a eenei?iaea, oneeeaaao aai ?aaioo, ii nieaeaao
eiyooeoeeaio iieaciiai aeaenoaey. Oiaiueoaaony caian aeeeiaaia,
iaeaieeaaaony iiei/iay eeneioa, nieaeaaony niaea?aeaiea iae?iy?ae/aneeo
oinoaoia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aae?aiaeei ia iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny aeey
ea/aiey na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Ii?aae?aiaeei. _.Aieaa neeueii aeaenoaoao ia aeueoa – ?aoeaioi?u
ninoaeia. I?eiaiyaony i?e ninoaeenouo eieeainao (aioo?eaaiii,
eaiaeueii). Iaeuecy aaiaeeoue iiaeeiaeii. Ii?aae?aiaeei eiaeoeae?oaony
oa?iaioaie IAI e EIIO.
Yooaeou: oiaiueoaaony /anoioa na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee (aaaoniay
a?aaeeea?aeey), oaaee/eaaaony a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea, aic?anoaao iauaa
ia?eoa?e/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea ninoaeia.
Iacaoii. _.Ia eaoaoieaiei. Ia ?ac?ooaaony oa?iaioaie IAI e EIIO.
Iiaeao aaiaeeoueny yioa?aeueii, anoue eiueaeoeee. I?eiaiyaony i?e
eieeaioieaeiuo ?aaeoeeyo (aioo?eaaiii e aioo?eiuoa/ii), i?e
aeiioaicee. Eiaao i?ieiiae?iaaiiue yooaeo.
Iaooecei e aaeacieei. _.Aeaenoaotho ia aianeiaioe/aneea aeueoa2-
aae?aii?aoeaioi?u. I?eiaiythony ianoii, i?e ?eieoao. A aeaoneie
i?aeoeea iiaoo aucuaaoue oaoeea?aeeth, iiauoaiea aeaaeaiey.
Ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony aeeeoaeueiia i?eiaiaiea i?e o?iie/aneeo ?eieoao,
oae eae aiciiaeia ao?ioey neecenoie iina eee aicieeiiaaiea
oiea?aioiinoe e yoei i?aia?aoai.
Eeioaeei. _.Aioeaeia?oaiceaiia n?aaenoai – oaaeaoee. Eoie?iaaiea
aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia aioo?eaaiii. Eeioaeei eoie?oao iieaoiue
aanoeiaioiue neiae?ii. Ii ii ia i?aia?ao auai?a, oae eae i?e
i?ae?auaiee i?eaia aicieeaao aeia?oaicey (yoi iacuaaaony oaiiiai
ioaea/e). Eeioaeei i?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey ioe?uoioaieueiie oi?iu
aeaoeiiu. Ii aucuaaao ieae?eac (?anoe?aiea c?a/ea).
Iiai/iua yooaeou: naaeaoeaiue (aei niioai?iiai), nooinoue ai ?oo,
?anno?ienoaa iieiaie noa?u o ioae/ei (ia?aoeiay eiiioaioeey),
oiaiueoaiea ii/a/iie oeeueo?aoeee (caaea?aeea iao?ey e aiaeu).
Aoaioaoeei. _.Eiaao aieaa i?ieiiae?iaaiiue yooaeo ii n?aaiaieth n
eeioaeeiii. Ia aucuaaao oaiiiaia ioaea/e.
Ecaae?ei. _.Iiauoaao nenoiee/aneia AAe, nieaeaao aeeanoiee/aneia e
n?aaeiaa AAe.
Aoiaeeo a ninoaa ay?icieae aeey eoie?iaaiey a?iioiniacia.
Ia?aie/eaathuee yooaeo – aucuaaao oaoeea?aeeth. I?eiaiyaony aeey
ea/aiey na?aea/iuo aeieaae 1,2 noaiaie.
I?oeei?aiaeei, oaiioa?ie e naeaooaiie. _.Aeice?iaaiiua ay?iciee
(naeaooaiie auioneaaony e a oaaeaoeao). Ia aeaenoaotho ia na?aeoea
a oa?aiaaoe/aneeo aeicao. Eiatho oieieeoe/aneee yooaeo – nieaeatho
aicaoaeeiinoue ieiiao?ey (i?eiaiythony aeey i?ioeeaeoeee aueeaeuoae).
I?eiaiythony eiaaeyoeeiiii aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia a?iioeaeueiie
anoiu.
Iiai/iua yooaeou:
1) Neiae?ii caie?aiey eaaeeo (?anoe?ythony ninoaeu a?iioia – ia?ooaaony
ae?aiaaeiay ooieoeey).
2) Neiae?ii ?eeioaoa. I?e aeeeoaeueiii eniieueciaaiee eo yooaeo
nieaeaaony, a caoai – eca?auaaony (noaiiaeony i?ioeaiiieiaeiui).
Aiciiaeii, /oi i?e aeeeoaeueiie noeioeyoeee aaoa2- ?aoeaioi?u
i?aa?auathony a aeueoa – ?aoeaioi?u.
Aeiaooaiei. _.Iaaeeeiceaeiue ea?aeeinoeioeyoi?. Iiauoaao
na?aea/iue aua?in. I?eiaiyaony i?e na?aea/iie neaainoe. Ia aiaeeony
aeey aeeeoaeueiiai i?eiaiaiey.
Aeioaiei. _.Aiaeiae/ii i?aaeuaeouaio. Iiai/iue yooaeo –
oaoeea?aeey.
NEIIAOIIEIAOEEE.
Iniiaiua – oaiaiei, yoaae?ei e oe?aiei.
Oaiaiei. _.(a?oiia A) ia?eioee, aeiieia. Cia/eoaeueii oneeeaaao
aua?in eaoaoieaieiia ia ia?eoa?ee e a OeIN (a OeIN oneeeaaao aua e
aua?in aeioaieia). *anoe/ii eiaeae?oao IAI e ia?aoiue caoaao.
Aucuaaao oaoeea?aeeth, iiauoaiea AAe. I?e ia?aaeice?iaea –
na?aea/iue ia?aee/, oae eae enoiuathony caianu eaoaoieaieiia. Ia
eniieueciaaoue ai aoi?ie iieiaeia aeiy – iaaethaeaaony “nea/ea
eaeae”, neiaaniay noa?aioeiey, yeoi?ey.
Yoaae?ei. _.Aeiieia. Ieeneaiiay oi?ia (yoaae?ii) – ia?eioee.
Yoaae?ei aeeeoaeueii i?eiaiyeny eae a?iioieeoee, ii ioeacaeenue,
iioiio /oi ianiaoeeoe/ai e iiyoiio iiiai iiai/iuo yooaeoia.
***********************************************
Nie?auaiey a eaeoeee._. AAe – a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea.
OeIN – oeaio?aeueiay ia?aiay nenoaia.
AIO – aaeaiiceiiiiioinoao.
IAI – iiiiaieiiieneaeaca.
EIIO – eaoaoiei?oiiaoeeo?ainoa?aca.
AOO – aoaiiceio?eoinoao.
I?eia/aiea._. Aacaea, aaea ieoaony aeueoa eee aaoa- ?aoeaioi?u,
iiae?acoiaaaaony aeueoa – aae?aii?aoeaioi?u e aaoa – aae?aii?aoeaioi?u.
AAe?AIIEEOE*ANEEA EAEA?NOAAIIUA N?AAeNOAA (5)
Aeueoa – aae?aiiaeieaoi?u._. Aeueoa1,2 – aae?aiiaeieaoi?u
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aeeaeae?e?iaaiiua aeeaeieaeu nii?uiuee. Nthaea
ioiinyo oaioieaiei, ie??ienai, aeeaeae?iy?aioaiei, aeeaeae?iy?aioienei.
I?eiaiaiea:
1. Aeey ea/aiey ?anno?ienoa ia?aoa?e/aneiai e?iaiia?auaiey.
2. Ea/aiea o?ioe/aneeo yca, ?ai, ioii?iaeaiee.
3. Eoie?iaaiea aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia (oaioieaiei aioo?eaaiii). Ia
i?eiaiyaony aeeeoaieueii. Iiai/iue yooaeo – oaoeea?aeey.
4. Aeeaaiinoeea e ea/aiea oaio?iiioeeoii (iiooieue iicaiaiai neiy
iaaeii/a/ieeia). Aae?aiaeei auoiaeeo a e?iaue e ninoiyiea iiaeiaii
aeia?oiie/aneei e?ecai. Ea/aiea – iia?aoeaiia. Iiaeii eniieueciaaoue
ianaeaeoeaiua aae?aiiaeieaoi?u.
5. Ea/aiea iea?aiae (neeueiay aieiaiay aieue n ?aioie, naycaiiay n
iiauoaieai aiieeooaeu ioeuenaoeee ninoaeia aieiaiiai iicaa.
Aeey ea/aiey a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee eniieuecothony aauanoaa,
eioi?ua ecae?aoaeueii aeiee?otho_. iinoneiaioe/aneea
aeueoa1-aae?aii?aoeaioi?u._. Iie nieiatho aeeyiea neiiaoe/aneeo ia?aia
ia ninoaeu e ninoaeu ?anoe?ythony. Oaeie i?aia?ao – i?acicei.
Eniieuecoaony ia ethaie noaaeee a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee, iiaeao auoue
n?aaenoaii iiiioa?aiee. I?eiaiyaony yioa?aeueii. Iiai/iua yooaeou:
– eieeaioieaeiua ?aaeoeee (iiieaeaiea AAe i?e ia?aiaia iieiaeaiey
oaea;
– ianeieueei oooaeoaao iicaiaia e?iaiia?auaiea (iiyaeythony
aieiaiay aieue e aieiaie?oaeaiea);
– iaaeeaiii ?acaeaaaony i?eaueaiea e i?aciceio;
– iiaeao aucuaaoue caaea?aeeo iao?ey e aiaeu a i?aaiecia.
Aaoa – aae?aiiaeieaoi?u._. I?ii?aiieie, ieni?aiaeie, ieiaeieie,
oaeeiieie. N?aaieaatho ii:
1) Aaoa-aae?aiiaeiee?othuay aeoeaiinoue. Ca aaeeieoeo i?eieiatho
i?ii?aiieie. Iaeneiaeueiia aeaenoaea – aeieaaea 60% aaoa1-?aoeaioi?ia
ieiea?aea (aieueoay aeieaaea aucuaaao aeaneiiaoecaoeeth na?aeoea e
na?aea/ioth iaaeinoaoi/iinoue).
2) Ea?aeeinaeaeoeaiinoue. Ath iaeaaeaao oaeeiieie (ecae?aoaeueiay
aeieaaea aaoa1-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia ieiea?aea). Iaiueoa iiai/iuo
yooaeoia.
3) Aioo?aiiyy neiiaoiieiaoe/aneay aeoeaiinoue. Aac iaa –
aeiee?otho ana aac eneeth/aiey. N iath – eiio?iee?otho noaiaiue
aaoa-aeieaae (iaiueoa oainia ia?aaeice?iaee). Aioo?aiiae
neiiaoiieiaoe/aneie aeoeaiinoueth ia iaeaaeaao oieueei i?ii?aiieie.
Iieacaiey e i?eiaiaieth: eoaie/aneay aieaciue na?aeoea, na?aea/iua
a?eoiee, aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue (i?e oyaeaeuo oi?iao a eiiaeiaoeee n
aeeo?aoeeaie), iiaoo auoue n?aaenoaii
?iaeinoeioeyoeee.
Iiai/iua yooaeou:
1)A?iioiniaci, oneeaiea nae?aoi?iie aeoeaiinoe a?iioia.
2)I?e ioiaia – iaino?aiey.
Aeueoa,aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u._. Eaaaoaeie. Ii oa?iaeieiae/aneei
yooaeoai e iiai/iui aeaenoaeyi iiaeii n/eoaoue noiiie i?ica?eia e
i?ii?aiieiea. I?eiaiytho i?e a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee e aeia?oiie/aneie
aieacie.
Aae?aiieeoeee iai?yiiai aeaenoaey eee neiiaoieeoeee.
_.Aoaieoeaeei (ieoaaeei)._. Iaeaieeaaaony a i?aneiaioe/aneeo
ieii/aieyo e auoaniyao ii?aae?aiaeei. I?ienoiaeeo iionoioaiea caiania.
Ieoaaeei oaeaea eiaeae?oao ia?aoiue caoaao ii?aae?aiaeeia.
I?eiaiyaony i?e oyaeaeuo e ceiea/anoaaiiuo oi?iao aeia?oaicee, anee ia
aeaenoaotho ae?oaea i?aia?aou. “I?aia?ao io/ayiey”.
2.I?ieae (a?aoeeee)._. Oieioiyao i?aneiaioe/aneoth iaia?aio.
Aeieaaea eaeeaauo eaiaeia a na?aeoea. Oaaee/aiea aeeeoaeueiinoe
iioaioeeaea aeaenoaey e ia?eiaea ?ao?aeoa?iinoe.
Iieacaiey:
– eoie?iaaiea aeia?oiie/aneiai e?eca, aioo?eaaiii,
– ea/aiea na?aea/iuo a?eoiee,
– i?ioeeaeoeea oea?eeyoeee aeaeoaei/eia iinea eioa?eoa ieiea?aea.
3.AeueoaiaoeeAeIOA (aeiiaoeo,aeueaeiiao)._. I?aeiouanoaaiii
oeaio?aeueiia aeaenoaea. Eiaeiue i?aaeoanoaaiiee iaaeeaoi?ia.
Caoaaouaaaony, aeeth/aaony a oeaiue oeie/aneeo ?aaeoeee. Ec iaai
ia?acoaony aeueoa-iaoeeii?aae?aiaeei, iaeaaeathuee aunieei n?iaenoaii e
oi?iiciui aeueoa2-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ai ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiiai oeaio?a =>
nie-
aeaaony a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea. Aeaenoaoao ia aoi?ua-o?aouee nooee. I?e
a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee eaaeie e n?aaeiae oyaeanoe. Iiai/iua yooaeou:
naaeaoeaiue (niieeainoue,ayeinoue) -caaea?aeea iao?ey e aiaeu. Ioaee.
4.?aca?iei._. Oeaio?aeueiia e ia?eoa?e/aneia aeaenoaea. Naycuaaao
eiiu iaaiey a i?aneiaioe/aneii ieii/aiee, ia?ooaaony o?ainii?o
ii?aae?aiaeeia a a?aioeu, iaaeeaoi? ia?aoiaeeo a naiaiaeioth
o?aeoeeth e eaaei ?ac?ooaaony oa?iaioii IAI. Nieaeaaony iauaa
ia?eoa?e/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea ninoaeia, iaathaeaaony a?aaeeea?aeey.
Iieacaiey:
1) Aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue. I?eiaiyaony a eiiaeiaoeee n ae?oaeie: n
aeeo?aoeeaie, ia?eoa?e/aneeie aaciaeeeyoaoi?aie.
2) Neaaua aioeineoioe/aneea naienoaa (iae?ieaioee).
3) Neiioiiaoe/aneia ea/aiea oe?aioieneeica.
Iiai/iua yooaeou:a)oaaee/aiea oiiona ia?aneiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie
nenoaiu (a?aaeeea?aeey, a?iioiniaci, oneeaiea iioi?eee
aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai o?aeoa e aeaeoaei/iie nae?aoeee). a)
naaeaoeaiia aeaenoaea, niioai?iia. a) i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee –
?aca?ieiiaay aeai?anney.
AIOEAENOAIEIIUA N?AAeNOAA.
Aenoaiei ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a aeea?ae/aneeo ?aaeoeeyo, yaeyaony
iaaeeaoi?ii (aicaoaeaeaiey) a OeIN.
Aenoaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u [aoeau I1 e o.ae. eaoeineea – “ao”]:
I1-?aoeaioi?u.
1. A aeaaeeeo iuooeao, a oii /enea a a?iioao. Aicaoaeaeaiea aucuaaao
niaci: oaaee/eaaaony eiioeaio?aoeey eiiceoo?eoinoaoa, neaaeiaaoaeueii –
oaaee/eaaaony eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey.
2. A ia?eoa?e/aneeo ninoaeao. Aucuaaao eo ?anoe?aiea e iiauoaiea
i?iieoeaaiinoe.
I2-?aoeaioi?u.
1. Iaeeaaei/iua eeaoee aeaeoaei/iuo aeaeac. I?e aicaeaenoaee
ia?acoaony oeeeee/aneay AIO (oeAIO). Iia aeoeae?oao i?ioaeieeiacu,
eioi?ua oinoi?eee?otho (aeoeae?otho) aaeee, niinianoaothuea nae?aoeee
H+(eiiu aiaei?iaea) e Cl-(eiiu oei?a).
2. Ieiea?ae. Oaaee/eaaaony /anoioa e neea na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee.
3. Oo/iua eeaoee. Oi?iicyuea ?aoeaioi?u (io?eoeaoaeueiay ia?aoiay
naycue). Oiaiueoaaony aoiae eaeueoeey.
I1-aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u.
Oiaiueoatho niaci aeaaeeeo iuooe, oi?iicyo ?anoe?aiea ninoaeia e
oaaee/aiea eo i?iieoeaaiinoe (nieaeatho i?iieoeaaiinoue).
Oaaeeoea yooaeoeaiinoe aeaenoaey a oneiaiuo aaeeieoeao.
Aeaenoaea
I?aia?ao I?ioeaiaeea?ae/aneia Naaeaoeaiia I-oieeiieeoe/aneia
Aeeiaae?ie 2 2 2
Aeei?acei 4 3 2
Noi?anoei 2 1 1
Aeeacieei 1 0 0
Eeaianoee 3 1 1
Oaiea?ie 2 0 0
Aeeiaaii 2 0 0
Aeniaiae 3 1 0
Oeei?iaaioaaeei 4 2 1
I?eiaiaiea: ana – i?ioeaiaeea?ae/aneea, iaeioi?ua – naaeaoeaiua
(aeeiaae?ie,aeei?aceae). I1-aeieaoi?u i?eiaiythony i?e a?iioeaeueiie
anoia, aeea?ae/aneii ?eieoa, i?e naiiie eeoi?aaeea.
I2-aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u._. Ea/aiea ycau aeaeoaeea, iaioe/aneiai
ycioaaeoa.
I?aia?ao N?aaeiyy nooi/iay aeica Oiaiueoaiea aacaeueiie nae?aoeee
nieyiie eeneiou Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey
Oeeiaoeaeei 800-1200 ia 80 % aei 6 /ania
?aieoeaeei 300 ia 95 % 8-12 /ania
Oaiioeaeei 40 ia 90 % 12-24 /ana
Caaeeaeyaiinoue ycau a oa/aiee 8 iaaeaeue =90-95% neo/aaa.
Iiai/iua yooaeou (“+” – aucuaaao,”-” – ia aucuaaao, “(” – eiiaaea
aucuaaao):
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea Oeeiaoeaeei ?aieoeaeei Oaiioeaeei
Oaiaoaiea ooieoeee ia/aie + _ _
Ia?aii-ineoe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa + _ _
Ia?ooaiea nae?aoeee aiae?iaaiia e yno?iaaiia + ( _
Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa (oioiioa) + + +
Oeeiaoeaeei iiaeao oaiaoaoue aeoeaiinoue oeeoio?iia P450 a ia/aie,
aucuaaoue aieiaioth aieue, niooaiiinoue niciaiey. Ae?oaea aiciiaeiua
ineiaeiaiey i?e i?eaia yoiai i?aia?aoa – aeiaeiianoey, aeieaaea
?aoeaioi?ia aiae?iaaiia, ia?ooaiey iieiaie noa?u.
Na?ioiieiy?ae/aneea n?aaenoaa
Na?ioiiei ( 5 – aeae?ieneo?eioaiei ) a i?aaiecia neioace?oaony ec
o?eioioaia.
Ooieoeee :
1.Iaaeeaoi? a OeIN ( oeaio?aeueiia na?ia ieieiaiaeii?iaiaeiia
aauanoai) oi?iiaeaiea iioiea aieaauo eiioeuenia, iiaee?aieaiea
iieiaeeoaeueiuo yooaeoia.
2.Ai?iiiaeueiue iiaeoeyoi? aeoeaiinoe yooaeoi?iuo eeaoie.
3.A o?iiaioeeoao ( ieieiaeueii neioace?oaony,ii iaeaieeaaaony (
aeaii ) )
?aoeaioi?u
n1 n2 n3
N1 – ?aoeaioi?u :
1.OeIN – oi?iiaeaiea eiioeuenia ( ca n/ao oaaee/aiey aoiaea
eaeey a eeaoeo, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aeia?iiey?ecaoeee iaia?aiu ).
2.Ia?eoa?e/aneay ia?aiay nenoaia
Ninoaeu Na?aeoea Iauaa aeaenoaea
Aeiioaiceaiia aeaenoaea Oaoeea?aeey Aeiioa?iey
C2 – ?aoeaioi?u
1.OeIN – aicaoaeaeaiea
2.Ia?eoa?e/aneay ia?aiay nenoaia
Eeoa/iee Ninoaeu A?iioe Iauaa
niaci niaci niaci aiaeueaacey
3.O?iiaioeeou – aa?aaaoeey
N3 – ?aoeaioi?u
OeIN, aaaaoaoeaiua aaiaeee
aiaeueaaoe/aneia aeaenoaea, aicaoaeaeaiea OeIN, ?aioa .
Na?ioiieiiieiaoeee
Na?ioiiei.
Oneeeaaao aa?aaaoeeth o?iiaioeeoia. Iacia/aaony i?e e?iaioa/aieyo, eae
?aaeeicaueoiia n?aaenoai.
Oaioeo?aiei
Oaaee/eaaao auaeaeaiea na?ioiieia, ia iaeaaeaao au?aaeaiiui
ia?eoa?e/aneei aeaenoaeai. Iacia/aaony i?e aeeiaioa?iii iaee?aiee.
Oeoienaoei, Eaeiacei
Aioeaeai?annaiou, eiaeae?otho ia?aoiue caoaao na?ioiieia.
Iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiue ineoic.
Aonie?ii, O?iiacee – N1-ieiaoeee
Iacia/aaony i?e a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee, iaeaaeaao
aiaeueaaoe/aneei yooaeoii, aoeie/iue o?aieaeeecaoi? ( ia iioaioeee?oao
aeaenoaea aauanoa oaiaoathueo OeIN ).
Na?ioiieiieeoeee
Oeei?iaaioaaeei ( ianaeaeoeaiue na?ioiieiieeoee, aenoaieiiaeieaoi?)
Iacia/aaony i?e aeea?aee, ceiea/anoaaiiuo iiaiia?aciaaieyo (
neiioiiaoe/aneay oa?aiey ), iaeioi?uo oi?iao iea?aie.
Eaoaina?ei ( N2-eeoee ) Iacia/aaony i?e a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee,
iea?aie ceiea/anoaaiiuo iiaiia?aciaaieyo (neiioiiaoe/aneay oa?aiey )
Ieiiceae ( N3-eeoee ) Iae?ieaioee.
Ieaina?ei ( N3-eeoee ) Aioeaeai?annaio ( yeciaaiiua e ?aaeoeaiua
aeai?annee ).
Ia?eoie ( ianaeaeoeaiue na?ioiieiieeoee ) I?e iea?aie e
aeea?aee.
Aeioaieiiaay nenoaia
aeica,oneiaiua ?aoeaioi?iia oa?iaeieiae/aneea yooaeou
aaeeieoeu aeaenoaea
1 niaoeeoe/aneia Ae1-?aoeaioi?u : ?anoe?aiea ninoaeia
aeaenoaea ia ii/ae, na?aeoea, a?thoiie iieinoe
aeioaieiiaua Ae2-?aoeaioi?u : oiaiueoaiea auaeaeaiey
ii?aae?aiaeeia
Ae3-?aoeaioi?u ( OeIN ) : ineoio?iiiia
aeaenoaea
3 aaoa-1 aae?aii Oneeaiea nie?aoeiinoe ieiea?aea
?aoeaioi?u
5 – 10 aeueoa-aae?aii Niaci ninoaeia
?aoeaioi?u
Aeioaiei e aai i?iecaiaeiua (aeiaooaiei). Ianaeaeoeaiue noeioeyoi? e
aeioaieiiauo e aeueoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia. I?e na?aea/iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ( ia aucuaaao oaoeea?aeeth )
Aeiaooaiei ( aaoa-aae?aiiieiaoee ).
Aiiii?oei ( aeioaieiiieiaoee )
A ia?eieiae/aneie i?aeoeea aeey ea/aiey aeeiaieecia ( i?eieiatho aianoa
n aeeiaieai oae eae i?eaiaeeo e oooaeoaieth noauaeoeaiiai ninoiyiey,
aucuaaao oioiioo e ?aioo ).
A?iiie?eioei ( aeioaieiiieiaoee ) Aeey oiaiueoaiey
iinea?iaeiaie eaeoaoeee.
Aeioaieiiaeieaoi?u
Aaeiia?eaeie ( Ae2-aeieaoi? ) Aioeineoioe/aneia aeaenoaea (
ea/aiea oecio?aiee )
Iaoaeeii?aieae ( ia?eoa?e/aneee aeioaieiiaeieaoi? ) Oneeeaaao
iioi?eeo aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai o?aeoa, i?ioeai?aioiia aeaenoaea
Noeueie?eae ( ianaeaeoeaiue aeioaieiiaeieaoi? ) Aioeineoioe/aneia
n?aaenoai iiaiai iieieaiey.
N?aaenoaa aeey ia?eica ( iauea aianoaoeee )
I?aia?aou, aucuaathuea oe?o?ae/aneee ia?eic, /oi yaeyaony
ia?aoeiui oaiaoaieai OeIN, eioi?ia i?iyaeyaony a aueeth/aiee niciaiey e
oaiaoaiee aieaaie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe.
1779a. aiaeeeneee oeiee Aeaaee iaia?oaeee, /oi caeenue acioa
aucuaaao iioa?th niciaiey.*a?ac 50 eao aiaeeeneee oe?o?a Oeaiai –
iiiuoaeny eniieueciaaoue caeenue acioa i?e oe?o?ae/aneeo iia?aoeeyo.
1884a. aia?eeaineee noiiaoieia Oaen i?iaa?ee caeenue acioa e noae
?aaioaoue ia iaoeeaioao.Ii o?aaiaaeanue aieueoay eiioeaio?aoeey, /oi
i?eaiaeeei e aeiienee e nia?oe.
1846a. aia?eeaineee a?a/ Aeaeainii i?eiaiye yoe? aeey
iaacaieeaaiey. Ii?aai i?eiaiye yoe? i?e oaeaeaiee coaia. A
oe?o?ae/aneie iia?aoeee ii oaeaeaiee ninoaeenoie iiooiee. Ioeoeeaeueiay
aeaoa ioe?uoey ia?eica.
1847a. a Iineaa – Eiicaioeaa
a NIa – Ie?iaia Eniieueciaaee yoe? aeey iauae aianoacee (
oaeaeaiea ?aea iiei/iie aeaeacu ) Ie?iaia aia?aua a aiaiii-iieaauo
oneiaeyo eniieueciaae ia?eic (yoe?)
IAUEA AIANOAOEEE
1.EIAAEssOeEIIIUA
1.a Eaoo/ea aeeaeeinoe
yoe? ecioeth?ai ooi?ioai yioeth?ai iaio?ai o?eeai
1.a Aacu
caeenue acioa oeeeeii?iiai
2.IAEIAAEssOeEIIIUA
2.a Aa?aeoo?aou oeiiaioae iao?ey
2.a I?i/ea i?ii?aieaeeae, aeaae?ee, ieneaooe?ao iao?ey, eaoaiei
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey
Aeieaaea neiaioe/aneie ia?aaea/e ia o?iaia OeIN.
Nouanoaoao 4 oai?ee
1.Oai?ey iaueo nenoai Oaiaoatho yia?aaoe/aneee iaoaaieeci iae?iia eee
aai niaoeeoe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u ( aeieacaii aeey oeiiaioaea iao?ey )
2.Oai?ey aaeeiiai o/anoea Anoue aaeeiue o/anoie aeey anao iaueo
aianoaoeeia
3.Iaioeaeiay iaioeaeaie
i?yiia acaeiiaeaenoaea n eiiiiiaioaie iaia?ai
4.Eeieaeiay eeieaeaie
Iauea aianoaoeee :
Aieueoeinoai ia acaeiiaeaenoaotho ni niaoeeoe/aneeie ?aoeaioi?aie (
oieeii-, aae?aii)
Ia eciaiytho iaoaaieeci ia?aiuo eeaoie e eo iioaioeeae iieiy
Aucuaatho noaaeeecaoeeth yeaeo?iaicaoaeeiie /anoe iaia?aiu iae?iia, oi
anoue ia?ooatho aa i?iieoeaaiinoue aeey ?acee/iuo eiiia ( Ca,K,Na,Cl ),
yoi i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth e?eoe/aneiai o?iaiy aeaiiey?ecaoeee,
iiyoiio iioaioeeae aeaenoaey ia aicieeaao e aicaoaeaeaiea io iae?iia e
iae?iio ia i?ioiaeeo
5.Eeiieaeiay oai?ey
Yooaeoeaiinoue iaueo aianoaoeeia naycaia n eo eiyooeoeeaioii
?anoai?aiey
?anoai?eiinoue a ianea
eiyooeoeeaio ?anoai?aiey = ———————————–
?anoai?eiinoue a aiaea
yoe? ( aeeyoeeiaue ) = 2.4, oei?ioi?i = 70, ooi?ioai = 300
Iauea aianoaoeee oeene?othony ia iaia?aia iae?iia /oi
i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth iiaeaeaeiinoe eeieaei-aaeeiaiai neiy,
aneaaenoaea /aai i?ienoiaeeo aeieaaea iao?eaauo eaiaeia, oiaiueoaaony
eiee/anoai ioe?uouo eaiaeia. Iauee eoia – – oiaiueoaaony iioaioeeae
aeaenoaey, oaaee/eaaaony eaoaioiue ia?eiae, oiaiueoaaony aiieeooaea e
neaaeiaay aeia?iiey?ecaoeee.
Ia?eiae aaaaeaiey
Noaaeee
1.Aiaeueaacey niciaiea i?eooieyaony, ?aoeaenu iiauoathony,
aiee iao
2.Aicaoaeaeaiea oo?aoa niciaiey, iioi?iia
aicaoaeaeaiea, oaaee/aiea /anoiou aeuoaiey, oaaee/aiea
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, aeoeaaoeey yiaeie?eiiie nenoaiu ( aua?in
aae?aiaeeia, aetheiei?oeeieaeia )
Ia?eiae iiaeaea?aeaiey ia?eica
3.Oe?o?ae/aneee ia?eic ( iiaa?oiinoiue, aeoaieee,
naa?oaeoaieee ) ionoonoaea niciaiey, ionoonoaea ?aoeaenia, e?iia
aeeciaiii aaaeiuo, ?anneaaeaiea iuooe, iiaeaaeaiea anao aeaeia
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe
Ia?eiae auaaaeaiey ec ia?eica
4.I?iaoaeaeaiea
Aa?aioeeiue oaeoi? – ?acieoea iaaeaeo e?eoe/aneei o?iaiai
aeaiiey?ecaoeee e aaniethoiie aaee/eiie iioaioeeaea aeaenoaey.
Iaoaieci
Noaaeey aiaeueaacee
Iiaeaaeythony iaeeea iae?iiu ?aoeeoey?iie oi?iaoeee, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
oiaiueoaieth ainoiaeyuaai aieaaiai iioiea
Noaaeey aicaoaeaeaiey
Oaiaoathony iae?iiu ei?u, i?e yoii oaiaoaaony ienoiaeyuee
ei?eiaue eiio?ieue e ?anoi?iaaeeaathony iiaeei?eiaua iae?iiu e iae?iiu
aeiioaeaiona
Noaaeey oe?o?ae/aneiai ia?eica
Iauee aianoaoee i?iieeaao a aieueoeinoai ia?aciaaiee OeIN e
i?eaiaeeo e ?aaiiia?iiio oaiaoaieth anao no?oeoo? ca eneeth/aieai
ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiiai e aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?ia. Iiea iie
ooieoeeiie?otho – oe?o?ae/aneee ia?eic, i?e eo oaiaoaiee aaiiaeueiay
noaaeey
Neea iaueo aianoaoeeia
Aaeiaaiecaoeey no?oeoo? iaueo aianoaoeeia i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth
eo eeiieaeio?iiiinoe e neeu ia?eioe/aneiai yooaeoa.
1-a ianoi – Ecioeth?ai ( niaea?aeeo aoiiu ooi?a )
2-a ianoi – Yioeth?ai,Iaoieneoeth?ai ( niaea?aeao ooi? e oei? )
3-a – Ooi?ioai ( niaea?aeeo ooi?, oei? e a?ii )
4-a – Yoe? e Caeenue acioa ( ia niaea?aeao aaeieaeia)
Aaciianiinoue
Ia?eioe/aneay oe?ioa – ?acieoea iaaeaeo oiene/aneie e
oa?aiaaoe/aneie eiioeaio?aoeeyie. Yoe? = 50 ia/ea Ooi?ioai = 35
ia/ea Oeeeeii?iiai = 15 ia/ea
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
?aiiaa_.
1.Ia?eiae aaaaeaiey a ia?eic
?aoeaeoi?ii – aicaoaeaeaiea aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa ec-ca iano
iiai ?acae?aaeathuaai aeaenoaey
1.Niaci a?iioia
2.Caiaaeeaiea aeuoaiey
3.Caiaaeeaiea /anoiou na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee eee inoaiiaea na?aeoea
4.E oae aeaeaa..
Noaaeey aicaoaeaeaiey : Yoe? e Iaoieneoeo?ai – 10-20 ieioo
Ooi?ioai – 1-2 ieioou
2.Ia?eiae iiaeaea?aeaiey ia?eica Aeieaaea neiiaoe/aneeo aaiaeeaa –
nieaeaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, oiaiueoaiea ninoaeenouo ?aaeoeee,
oiaiueoaiea neeu na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee ( Ooi?ioai, Iaoieneoeo?ai,
Ecioeo?ai)
Oaaee/aiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey – Oeeeeii?iiai
Nianoaaiiue aaaiieiaoe/aneee yooaeo – Oeeeeii?iiai, Ooi?oai
Oaaee/aiea /oanoaeoaeueiinoe ieiea?aea e yiaeiaaiiui
eaoaoieaieiai – Ooi?ioai, Iaoieneoeo?ai, Yioeo?ai, Oeeeeii?iiai
Ia?ooaiea eeneioii-iniiaiiai ?aaiiaaney, oaiaoaiea aeuoaoaeueiiai
e ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiiai oeaio?ia
Iicaeiaa
3.Iinoia?eioe/aneea yooaeou
a) Ianoiia ?acae?aaeaiea ( a?iioiiiaaiiiee, aoaeaeoacu)
a) Nianoaaiiia oiene/aneia aeaenoaea ia aioo?aiiea i?aaiu
( Yoe?, Iaoieneoeo?ai; Ooi?ioai – aaiaoeo o aianoaceieiaia)
EIIAEIE?IAAIIUE IA?EIC
1.Yoai – I?aiaaeeeaoeey
Niioai?iua, o?aieaeeecaoi?u, iae?ieaioeee, ia?eioe/aneea
aiaeueaaoeee, I-oieeiieeoeee ( Ao?iiei )
2.Yoai – Aaiaeiue ia?eic ( iaeiaaeyoeeiiiue )
Aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey ia?eica /enoui ooi?ioaiii o?aaoaony eiioeaio?aoeey 4
iauaiiuo i?ioeaioa, a i?e i?aaeoanoaothuae i?aiaaeeeaoeee n aaiaeiui
ia?eicii o?aaoaony 0.5 iauaiiuo i?ioeaioa.Aeiiieieoaeueii aaiaeyony
iei?aeaenaiou oae eae yoe? oieueei a aieueoeo eiioeaio?aoeeyo iiaeao
aucuaaoue ?anneaaeaiea iuooe.
IAEIAAEssOeEIIIUE IA?EIC
Aeinoieinoaa :
1. Auno?ia ?acaeoea ia?eica, aac noaaeee
2.Aeinoaoi/ii i?inoi
II Iaoi?aaeyaii
Oeiiaioae iao?ey
Aaaaeaiea ia?eica – 10-20 naeoiae, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
yooaeoa – 20-30 ieioo.Anneieee?oaony aee?iaie oeaiueth e iiyoiio
iaaethaeathony aeeeoaeueiua iinoia?eioe/aneea aeai?annee. ?ac?ooaaony a
ia/aie – ia?eic auno?i i?ae?auaaony.
Aeinoieinoai – aeaoaaecia
Iaaeinoaoee : iianai ( oiene/aneia oaiaoaiea aeuoaoaeueiiai e
ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiiai oeaio?ia ), aaaiieiaoe/aneea yooaeou – o?aaoaony
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia aaaaeaiea I-oieeiieeoeeia, ia?eic iaaeinoaoi/ii
aeoaieee – oaaee/aiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, aeaeaaoaeueiua
?aaeoeee.
Eniieuecoaony eae aaiaeiue ia?eic.
I?iiaieae ( Niia?aaei )
Aaaaeaiea ia?eica – 10-20 naeoiae, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
yooaeoa – 3-5 ieioo, /a?ac 20-30 ieioo – aeaenoaea en/acaao
iieiinoueth
Aeinoieinoaa : ?anoe?yao ei?iia?iua ninoaeu, oiaiueoaao
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue e yiaeiaaiiui eaoaoieaieiia, iaeioiene/ai ( iiaeii
aaiaeeoue 3 ?aca iiae?yae ). Eniieuecoaony eae aaiaeiue ia?eic e
naiinoiyoaeueii.
I?aaeeii
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – 40 ieioo.
Aeinoieinoaa : aeoaieee, iaeiiianai, ?anneaaeyao aeaaeeea iuooeu,
nieaeaao /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ieiea?aea e yiaeiaaiiui eaoaoieaieiai.
Iaaeinoaoie – ianoiia ?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea ( o?iiaic,
o?iiaioeaaeo).
Ieneaooe?ao iao?ey
Aaaaeaiea ia?eica – 20-30 ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey
– 1.5-3 /ana.
Aeinoieinoaa : Oaaee/eaaao onoie/eainoue e aeiienee ( a oii /enea
OeIN ), oeo/oaao iicaiaia e?iaiia?auaiea, ieceioiene/ai, oaaee/eaaao
iauaa ia?eoa?e/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea ninoaeia aac niacia i?aeaieeey?iuo
noeieoa?ia. Iaaeinoaoie – i?e auno?ii aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee –
e?aoeia?aiaiiua oiie/aneea noaei?iae, aiiiy.
Eaoaiei
Aaaaeaiea ia?eica – 30 naeoiae, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey –
aei 15 ieioo. Aeennioeeaoeaiue aianoaoee : oaiaoaao annioeeaoeaioth
ei?o, oaeaion; aeoeae?oao eeiae/aneea oeaio?u – oi anoue aucuaaao ia
ia?eic, a aeoaieee nii e iiuioth aiaeueaaceth. I?e aioo?eaaiiii
aaaaeaiee – 2 /ana e aieueoa, i?e aioo?eiuoa/iii aaaaeaiee – 3, 4 /ana e
aieueoa. Aeinoieinoai – eniieuecoaony eae iiiiia?eic i?e yeno?aiiuo
ninoiyieyo. Iaaeinoaoie – aaeethoeeiaoeee i?eyoiiai oa?aeoa?a, iinea ieo
o 15% – aeaci?eaioaoeey.
IAIA?EIOE*ANEEA AIAEUeAAOEEE
Iniiaiua yooaeou :
1.Aiaeueaacey 2.AEa?iiiieaeaiea
3.I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiue yooaeo
EEANNU
I?iecaiaeiua :
1.Naeeoeeeiaie eeneiou Anie?ei ( aoeaoeenaeeoeeeiaay eeneioa ),
iao?ey naeeoeeeao
2.Ie?acieiia Aiaeueaei, aieaeiie?ei, aooaaeeii
3.Aieeeia Oaiaoeaoei, ia?aoeaoaiie
Iieacaiey : aieiaiay, coaiay aieue, ieaeaey, iaa?eou, eeoi?aaeea.
Naeeoeeeaou e i?iecaiaeiua ie?acieiia iauaaeeiaiu a a?oiio
ianoa?ieaeiuo i?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiuo n?aaenoa.
4.Aio?aieeiaie eeneiou Iaoaiaiiaay eeneioa, oeooaiaiiaay
eeneioa, oieoaiaiiaay eeneioa
5.Eiaeieoenoniie eeneiou Eiaeiiaoaoeei, noeeiaeae
6.Oaieeoenoniie eeneiou Aeeeeioaiae iao?ey ( Aieueoa?ai ),
aeeeioaiae
7.I?iieiiiaie eeneiou Eaoi?ioai ( A?ooai ), iai?ienai
8.Ieneeaiu Ie?ieneeai, oaiieneeai
Eeanneoeeaoeey ii oiaiueoaieth aea?iiiieaeathuaai e
i?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiiai yooaeoa
Aieueoa?ai > Eiaeiiaoaoeei > A?ooai > Aiaeueaei, Aieaeiie?ei >
Ie?ieneeai > Iai?ienai > Anie?ei > Ia?aoeeoaiie
Aieaooieythuee yooaeo iaueo aiaeueaaoeeia
Oeaio?aeueii_. :
I?iieeatho /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea? e ia?ooatho i?iaaaeaiea
aieaauo eiioeuenia ia o?iaia oaeaiona ( ainoiaeyuea iooe )
Eiaeae?otho neioac i?inoaaeaiaeeia-A2 e
i?inoaaeaiaeeia-F2-aeueoa
Ia?eoa?e/anee_. :
Iaia?eioe/aneea aiaeueaaoeee aeiee?otho acaeiiaeaenoaea
aeaiaaiiie noanoaioeee ( a?aaeeeeieia ) n ia?eoa?e/aneeie
iioeeoeaioi?aie. Nieaeay ioae iie oiaiueoatho iaoaie/aneia
?acae?aaeaiea ?aoeaioi?ia. E ia ia?eoa?e/aneii o?iaia iie eiaeae?otho
neioac i?inoaaeaiaeeiia : A2 e F2-aeueoa, eioi?ua oaaee/eaatho
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue iioeeoeaioi?ia e oaeoi?ai oaeei ia?acii
iaia?eioe/aneea aiaeueaaoeee iiauoatho aieaaie ii?ia.
I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiue yooaeo
Iaoaieci eiaeae?iaaiey neioaca i?inoaaeaiaeeiia :
Iaia?aiiua oinoieeieaeu –> A?aoeaeiiiaay eeneioa, eioi?ay aeaeaa
iiaeao i?aa?auaoueny ii aeaoi iooyi :
1.Eeiiieneaaiaciay ?aaeoeey A?aoeaeiiiaay eeneioa —>
eaeeio?eaiu
2.Oeeeeiieneaaiaciay ?aaeoeey A?aoeaeiiiaay eeneioa —>
i?inoaaeaiaeeiu
Iaia?eioe/aneea aiaeueaaoeee eiaeae?otho oeeeeiieneaaiaco
I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue:
Anie?ei 1
Eiaeiiaoaoeei 217
Nieaeatho i?iieoeaaiinoue eaieeey?ia e yennoaeaoeaiua yaeaiey i?e
ainiaeeoaeueiii i?ioeanna. Noaaeeece?otho eeciniiaeueiua iaia?aiu, /oi
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaao auoiae oa?iaioia a oeaie. Oiaiueoatho au?aaioeo
iae?iy?aia a oii /enea AOO, /oi i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieth ieeneeoaeueiiai
e aeeeieeoe/aneiai oinoi?eee?iaaiey -> iao yia?aiiaania/aiey
ainiaeeoaeueiiai i?ioeanna -> ii caoooaao.
AEa?iiiieaeathuee yooaeo
I?inoaaeaiaeei-A1 aeoeae?oao aaeaieeaooeeeeaco, eioi?ay
i?aa?auaao AOO a oeeeee/aneoth oi?io aaeaiiceiiiiioinoaoa.
Oeeeee/aneay oi?ia AIO niinianoaoao acaeiiaeaenoaeth eaeueoeey e iao?ey
ia aeiioaeaion.Iaeiia?aiaiii ii nieaeaao aeoeaiinoue oeaio?aeueiuo
caaiueaa neiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie nenoaiu, /oi i?eaiaeeo e ?anoe?aieth
ninoaeia e iiaeiyoeth oaiia?aoo?u. Ia aeiioaeaion e?iia oiai aeaenoaoao
eioa?eaeeei-1
1) Eiaeae?otho neioac i?inoaaeaiaeeiia-A1 e i?aiyonoaotho eo
ie?iaaiiiio aeeyieth ia iae?iiu i?aiioe/aneie iaeanoe aeiioaeaiona,
oeaio?a oa?ii?aaoeyoeee, a oii /enea oaieii?iaeoe oeee.
2) Eiaeae?otho neioac yiaeiaaiiuo ie?iaaiia,a oii /enea
eioa?eaeeeia-1
NAEEOeEEAOU
Onooiatho i?iecaiaeiui ie?acieiia ii i?aainoiaeyo i?iecaiaeiua
aieeeia
Ia ?aeiiaiaeothony aeaoyi aei 12 eao, iioiio /oi, oaiaoay
oeeeeiieneaaiaco, iie aeoeae?otho eeiiieneaaiaco. Ec-ca yoiai ia?acoaony
aieueoaa eiee/anoai eaeeio?eaiia e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia aiaoeeaenee,
eioi?ua i?eaiaeyo e a?iioeaeueiie anoia (eaea?noaaiiie ) o aeaoae. Iie
yaeythony iaeiei ec oaeoi?ia ?enea aeey aicieeiiaaiey neiae?iia ?ay (
yioeaoaeiiaoee, aee?iaay aeeno?ioey ia/aie e aieiaiiai iicaa ).
ssaeythony aioeo?iiaioeeoa?iuie i?aia?aoaie, neaauie aioeeiaaoeyioaie.
Iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeey i?ioeeaeoeee o?iiaioeeoica. Ia
?aeiiaiaeoaony i?eiaiaiea i?e ycaa, aiiaua aeeeoaeueiia i?eiaiaiea (
iia?aaeaeaiea neecenoie iaiei/ee ).
I?IECAIAeIUA IE?ACIEIIA
Eiaeae?oetho e?iaaoai?aiea, iiaoo i?eaiaeeoue e aa?aioeioeeoico,
eaeeiiaiee.
I?IECAIAeIUA AIEEEIA
Iaeaieaa neaaua, ia ?acae?aaeatho neecenooth aeaeoaei/ii
eeoa/iiai o?aeoa, ia aeeytho ia e?iaue.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea iaia?eioe/aneeo aiaeueaaoeeia
1.Ia?ooaiey aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai o?aeoa
I?e iaeiie?aoiii i?eiaiaiee – aeeniaioe/aneea yaeaiey (aiee),i?e
eo?niaii – y??iceaiua e ycaaiiua iia?aaeaeaiey neecenoie aeaeoaeea e
aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee ( nieaeaiea neioaca i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth ?aia?aoeaiuo niiniaiinoae neecenoie)
a) Iaeaieaa aaciianii, n iaeie noaiaiueth aa?iyoiinoe
ycaiia?aciaaiey : A?ooai, Aieaeiie?ei, Aieueoa?ai, Aiaeueaei
a) Ni n?aaeiae noaiaiueth aa?iyoiinoe : Ie?ieneeai, Iai?ienai,
Aooaaeeii
a) N aunieie noaiaiueth oeueoea?iaaiiie iianiinoe :
Aoeaoeenaeeoeeeiaay eeneioa, Eiaeiiaoaoeei. Iiyoiio iacia/athony
neioaoe/aneea aiaeiae i?inoaaeaiaeeiia ( Oeeoioae – aiaeia
i?inoaaeaiaeeia-A )
2.Caaea?aeea iao?ey, aiaeu, oei?a a i?aaiecia -> oaaee/aiea
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, ioae. Aooaaeeii, Eiaeiiaoaoeei, Anie?ei
3.Aeeyiea ia ii/ee
4.Eciaiaiey ni noi?iiu e?iae Aiaeueaei, Eiaeiiaoaoeei
5.Ia?ooaiey ni noi?iiu oeaio?aeueiie nenoaiu : aieiaie?oaeaiea,
niieeainoue, ooiieyaiinoue
IA?EIOE*ANEEA AIAEUeAAOEEE
Ecae?aoaeueii oaiaoatho aieaaoth /oanoaeoaeueiinoue aac ia?ooaiey
niciaiey
Eeanneoeeaoeey
Ii enoi/ieeo iieo/aiey e oeie/aneiio ninoaao
1.Anoannoaaiiua aeeaeieaeu iiey Ii?oei, Eiaeaei, Iiiiiii
2.Iieoneioaoe/aneea
I?iecaiaeiua ieie?eaeei-oaiaio?aia Yoeeii?oei, Aoi?aii?oei, Iaeaooei,
Aa?iei
3.Neioaoe/aneea
A) I?iecaiaeiua ieie?eaeeia I?iiaaeie, Oaioaiee,
A) I?iecaiaeiua aaaicii?oaia Iaioacioeei
A) I?iecaiaeiua ii?oeiaia Aooi?oaiie
A) I?iecaiaeiua ?acee/iuo oeie/aneeo a?oii O?aiaaeie, Oeieaeei,
I?ineaeie
Ii oa?aeoa?o acaeiiaeaenoaey n iieaoiuie ?aoeaioi?aie
1.Aaiienou Inoaeueiua iieaou
2.Aaiienou-Aioaaiienou
Oa?aeoa?ia niaoaiiay aeoeaiinoue, iaiueoa iiai/iuo yooaeoia,
iaiueoa oaiaoatho aeuoaiea, aucuaatho iaiaa au?aaeaiiia i?eno?anoea.
Iaioacioeei, Aooi?oaiie, Iaeaooei, Aoi?aii?oei
3.Aioaaiienou Iaei?oei ( iaiaa oaeiaai ), Iaeienii, Iaeo?aenii
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey
_.Iioeeoeaioeaiay nenoaia
A-aeaeueoa ( oiieea ieaeeiiaua ) e N ( aacieaeeiiaua ) aieieia eaeoo
a caaeiea ?iaa nieiiiai iicaa, io anoaai/iuo iae?iiia a ?aoeeoey?ioth
oi?iaoeeth, ioooaea – a aeiioaeaion, oaeaion e ei?o aieiaiiai iicaa.
a) oaaee/eaatho aieaaie ii?ia
a) oaaee/eaatho ia?eiae ia?aiineiinoe aiee
a) oiaiueoatho aaia?aeeciaaiioth ?aaeoeeth ia aieue
2.Aioeiioeeoeaioeaiay nenoaia
A iaa aoiaeyo : oeaio?aeueiia na?ia ieieiaiaeii?iaiaeiia aauanoai,
yae?a oaa, aieoaia iyoii, iaeioi?ua yae?a ?aoeeoey?iie oi?iaoeee.
Oaaee/eaatho oi?iiciia aeeyiea ia o?iaia caaeieo ei?aoeia.
3.Nenoaia iieiaeeoaeueiiai e iaaaoeaiiai iiaee?aieaiey
EOIA
Ia?eioe/aneea aiaeueaaoeee ia?ooatho i?iaaaeaiea aieaauo
eiioeuenia /a?ac iioeeoeaioeaioth nenoaio ia ?aciuo o?iaiyo OeIN.
1) Oiaiueoatho i?iaaaeaiea aieaauo eiioeuenia ia o?iaia caaeieo
?iaia, ?aoeeoey?iie oi?iaoeee, annioeeaoeaiuo yaea? oaeaiona.
2) Oaaee/eaatho aeoeaiinoue no?oeoo? aioeiioeeoeaioeaiie
nenoaiu.
3) Oneeeaatho ienoiaeyuaa oi?iiciia aeeyiea ia o?iaaiue
caaeieo ?iaia nieiiiai iicaa.
4) Oaaee/eaatho aeoeaiinoue no?oeoo? iieiaeeoaeueiiai
iiaee?aieaiey.
5) Oiaiueoatho aeoeaiinoue no?oeoo? iaaaoeaiiai iiaee?aieaiey.
6) Oaaee/eaatho aieaaie ii?ia.
7) Cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaatho eioa?aae ia?aiineiinoe aiee.
8) Oie/oiaeatho eee oiaiueoatho aaia?aeeciaaiioth ?aaeoeeth ia
aieue.
Iae?i-oeie/aneea iaoaieciu aeaenoaey
Yiaeiaaiiua : aaoa-yiaei?oeiu, aeeii?oei, yieaoaeeiu, iaoyieaoaeeiu.
Nouanoaoao 2 aeaea ?aoeaioi?ia ( ii ca?yaeo ) – aieiiiua e
eaoeiiiua.Ii?oei niaaeeiyaony n aieiiiuie ?aoeaioi?aie – naiae
aeae?ieneeueiie a?oiiie, a n eaoeiiiuie – iaoeeueiie a?oiiie. Ii?oei
aoiaeeo a “iieinoue” ?aoeaioi?a e i?eaiaeeo e oiaiueoaieth aoiaea
eaeueoeey a eeaoeo e oaaee/aieth i?iieoeaaiin oe aeey eaeey.
A?oiiu iieaoiuo ?aoeaioi?ia
ITH – aiaeueaacey, oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey, naaeaoeaiue yooaeo, yeoi?ey,
ieic.
AeAEUeOA – aiaeueaacey, oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey, eaea?noaaiiay
caaeneiinoue, yeoi?ey.
EAIIA – aiaeueaacey, naaeaoeaiue yooaeo, ieoic, aeenoi?ey.
NEAIA – aaethoeeiiaaiiue yooaeo.
Ia?eiiaiey
Iai?aiaeieeiia no?aieaiea i?iaeieaeeoue aeaeueiaeoee i?eai i?aia?aoa
e aeiaeaaoueny yoiai ethauie n?aaenoaaie.
1. Ineoe/aneay caaeneiinoue i?e ioiaia – io?eoeaoaeueiia
iano?iaiea, noauaeoeaiia oooaeoaiea ninoiyiey
2. Oece/aneay caaeneiinoue. I?e ioiaia – aanoeiaioiue neiae?ii :
o?aaiaa, aaniieienoai, ia?ooaiea nia, ionoonoaea aiiaoeoa, oioiioa,
?aioa, aeea??ay, o?aii?, aiee a iuo oeao e nonoaaao.
Ii?oei
Ii aeoeaiinoe i?eiyo ca oneiaioth aaeeieoeo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey (aiaeueaacey) – 4-5 /ania. Aucuaaao yeoi?eth, aeooaaiue
eiioi?o, iiaa?oiinoiue nii, oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey (oiaiueoaiea
aicaoaeeiinoe aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a oaeaeeneui aacii e ethauie
?aoeaeoi?iuie aicaeaenoaeyie ). Iaeua aeicu – oiaiueoaiea /anoiou
aeuoaiey e oaaee/aiea aeoaeiu, i?e oaaee/aiee aeicu – oiaiueoaiea e
/anoiou e aeoaeiu aeuoaiey, i?e aaaaeaiee oiene/aneie aeicu –
aeuoaiea *aeia-Noiena e inoaiiaea.
Aeuoaiea *aeia-Noiena
Eiaao i?ioeaieaoeaaie yooaeo, ca n/ao oaiaoaiey eaoeaaiai oeaio?a.
Aucuaaao a?aaeeea?aeeth, oiaiueoaiea aeeo?aca ( ca n/ao oaaee/aiey
eiioeaio?aoeee aacii?anneia ), aeiioa?ieth. I?e ia?aii aaaaeaiee o
15% – oioiioa, o 40% – ?aioa ( oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe ?aioiiai oeaio?a ).
Aua aucuaaao :
Oaaee/aiea oiiona aeaaeeie ioneoeaoo?u aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai
o?aeoa ( noeieoa?ia ), nieaeaiea nae?aoeee nieyiie eeneiou,
oiaiueoaiea ia?enoaeueoeee –> caii?u; oaaee/aiea oiiona ii/aoi/ieeia e
ii/aaiai iocu?y, oiaiueoaiea eo ?aoeaeoi?iiai ioaaoa ia ?anoyaeaiea.
Eiaeaei
A 10-15 ?ac iaiaa aeoeaai /ai ii?oei, yaeyaony i?ioeaieaoeaaui
n?aaenoaii, auioneaaony a eiiaeiaoeee n iaia?eioe/aneeie aiaeueaaoeeaie
( Naaeaeaei, Naeiaaeaei ( Eiaeaei + Ia?aoeaoaiie ) ) e ae?oaeie
i?aia?aoaie.
Iiiiiii
ssaeyaony noiiie ianeieueeeo iieaoia, a oii /enea Iaiaaa?eia –
iiyoiio iaeaaeaao niaciieeoe/aneei aeaenoaeai. A 2-4 ?aca iaiaa
aeoeaai /ai ii?oei, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – 2-4 /ana
I?iiaaeie
A 5-7 ?ac iaiaa aeoeaai /ai ii?oei, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey
– aei 4-o /ania. Aieaa au?aaeai naaeaoeaiue e niioai?iue eiiiiiaio,
aucuaaao iaiueooth yeoi?eth, iaiueoa oaiaoaao aeuoaiea e oiion
eeoa/ieea, a?iioia, ii/aoi/ieeia, iao ieica e i?ioeaieaoeaaiai
yooaeoa. I?eiaiyaony aeey iaacaieeaaiey ?iaeia.
Oaioaiee
A 80-100 ?ac aeoeaiaa ii?oeia, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – ia
aieaa 30 ieioo. I/aiue oaiaoaao aeuoaiea. I?eiaiyaony a
aianoaceieiaee aeey i?aiaaeeeaoeee e iae?ieaioaiaeueaacee a ni/aoaiee n
Ae?iia?eaeieii a niioiioaieyo 1 : 50, 1 : 100. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey i?e yoii oaaee/eaaaony a 2-3 ?aca.
Iaioacioeei
Aaiieno-aioaaiieno. A 3-4 ?aca iaiaa aeoeaai /ai ii?oei,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – aei 3-o /ania. Aucuaaao iaiueooth
eaea?noaaiioth caaeneiinoue, iaiueoa oaiaoaao aeuoaiea ( e i?e
oaaee/aiee aeicu oaiaoaiea ia oaaee/eaaaony ).
Iaeaooei
Aaiieno ( EAIIA ) – aioaaiieno ( ITH ). Ii aeoeaiinoe i?eia?ii
?aaai ii?oeio, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – aei 4-5 /ania.
Aucuaaao iaiueoea : eaea?noaaiioth caaeneiinoue, oaia oaiea aeuoaiey,
yeoi?eth. Iaeaaeaao aieaa neeueiui naaeaoeaiui yooaeoii, a aieueoeo
aeicao aucuaaao aeenoi?eth, aaeethoeeiaoeee.
Aooi?oaiie
Iioiae ia Iaeaooei. A 3-5 ?ac aeoeaiaa ii?oeia,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – 4-5 /ania.
O?aiae
A 5-10 ?ac iaiaa aeoeaai /ai ii?oei, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey – aei 6-oe /ania. Aucuaaao oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey, ii/oe ia
aucuaaao yeoi?eth. Aeoeaai i?e aioo?eiuoa/iii e yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee.
Aoi?aii?oei
A 20-50 ?ac aeoeaiaa ii?oeia, ia aeaiuei aeaenoaoao neeueiaa, /ai
ia ioae/ei, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – 9-12 /ania. Aucuaaao
iaiueooth yeoi?eth, oaaee/aiea aeicu ia i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth
oaiaoaiey aeuoaiey.
I?ineaeie
Ii aeoeaiinoe i?eia?ii ?aaai ii?oeio, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey – 4 /ana. Ia eciaiyao oiion aeaaeeeo iuooe, ia oaiaoaao
aeuoaiea, iaeeiaeiai yooaeoeaai i?e yioa?aeueiii e ia?yioa?aeueiii
aaaaeaiee.
Iaeienii, Iaei?oei
Aioaaiienou iieaoiuo ?aoeaioi?ia, ia iaeaaeatho ia?eiaaiiui
iioaioeeaeii, ia aucuaatho eaea?noaaiiie caaeneiinoe.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey – 10-60 ieioo.
INEOIOA?IAEIEIAE*ANEEA EEE INEOIO?IIIUA I?AIA?AOU
Ineoiaeoeaiua – eciaiytho ineoe/aneea i?ioeannu.
Ineoioa?iaeieiae/aneea i?aia?aou – eniieuecothony a ineoeao?ee. 2
o?iaiy ineoiiaoieiae/aneeo ia?ooaiee :
1.Ineoioe/aneee o?iaaiue ( oyaeaeue ).
Oecio?aiey, ineoicu : iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiue ineoic,
yieeaioe/aneee ineoic. Ineoicu iiaoo auoue
eaeeiiaoe/aneea.
2.Iaa?ioe/aneee o?iaaiue.
Iaa?icu e iaa?ioe/aneea ninoiyiey. Ia?ooaiey a iniiaiii
yia?aaoe/aneea e yiioeeiiaeueiua. Iia?aie/iua ninoiyiey iaaeaeo ii?iie e
iaoieiaeae. Auaeaeytho ieiei 50 aauanoa, eioi?ua yaeythony iaaeeaoi?aie
OeIN.
Aoeaoeeoieei_. – aeaenoaoao ia anao o?iaiyo OeIN
I1-?aoeaioi?u oiaiueoaiea aoiaea eaeey, aicaoaeaeaiea. I2-?aoeaioi?u
oaaee/aiea aoiaea eaeey, oi?iiaeaiea. I-?aoeaioi?u ( nieiiie iica )
oaaee/aiea i?iieoeaaiinoe aeey eaoeiiia, aicaoaeaeaiea
Aeioaiei_. ( iea?ino?eaeueiay nenoaia, iacieeiae/aneay,
iaciei?oeeaeueiay iaeanoue, tuber infundibuli, ?aioiue oeaio? )
?aoeaioi?u :
a) Iinoneiaioe/aneea
D1-?aoeaioi?u – oaaee/aiea ia?aciaaiey oeeeee/aneie oi?iu
aaeaiiceiiiiioinoaoa, oi?iiaeaiea
D2-?aoeaioi?u – oaaee/aiea aoiaea eaeey, oi?iiaeaiea
a) I?aneiaioe/aneea
D3-?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaiea aua?ina aeioaieia.
Aaiiaaieiiianeyiay eeneioa
AAIE-A ?aoeaioi?u – oaaee/aiea aoiaea oei?a, oi?iiaeaiea AAIE-A
?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaiea aoiaea eaeueoeey, oi?iiaeaiea. Ia?ooaiey a
nenoaia aaiiaaieiiianeyiie eeneiou – iaeia ec i?e/ei ineoe/aneeo
?anno?ienoa.
Aeaeaa ii noaia :
Iaaeeaoi?_. – Ianoi aeaenoaey – Oeiu ?aoeaioi?ia – Yooaeo
Aeooaiao_. – ?aeaeiua iae?iiu ia anao o?iaiyo – ianeieueei
?aoeaioi?ia – oaaee/aiea i?iieoeaaiinoe aeey eaoeiiia, aicaoaeaeaiea.
Aeeoeei_. – nieiaeueiua anoaai/iua iae?iiu – oaaee/aiea aoiaea
oei?a, oi?iiaeaiea.
Na?ioiiei_. ( o/anoaoao a i?ioeannao iiaee?aieaiey, a aaiaca
iaa?icia ( i?e ia?ooaieyo ) ) – i?iaeieaiaaoue iica, iino,
i?iaeoeee ia anao o?iaiyo sht-1a ?aoeaioi?u – oaaee/aiea aoiaea oei?a,
oi?iiaeaiea sht2 ?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaiea aoiaea eaeey, aicaoaeaeaiea.
Ii?aae?aiaeei_. ( i?eieiaao o/anoea a iiaee?aieaiee, ia?ooaiey
i?e iaa?icao ) – iino, noaie, i?iaeoeee ia anao o?iaiyo. ( -1
?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaiea aoiaea eaeey, aicaoaeaeaiea ( -2 ?aoeaioi?u –
oaaee/aiea aoiaea eaeey, oi?iiaeaiea ( -1 ?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaiea
aoiaea eaeey, aicaoaeaeaiea ( -2 ?aoeaioi?u – eciaiaiea oiea iao?ey,
oi?iiaeaiea. Io?eiu, Ioeeaioeaeu_. – ia anao o?iaiyo OeIN
?1 ( aeueoa-1 e aeueoa-2 ), ?2 – a iniiaiii – oaaee/aiea aoiaea
oei?a, oi?iiaeaiea
Aaeaiicei, Aeiienaioei_. – aa?iyoii, eeaaiaeu aaiciaeeacaiaiiauo
?aoeaioi?ia
?ieue iaaeeaoi?ia a aaiaca ineoe/aneeo ?anno?ienoa
Ii?aae?aiaeei Aeioaiei Na?ioiiei Aoeaoeeoieei Ineoo?iiuie i?aia?ao
Iauaa ineoiiioi?iia aicaoaeaeaiea ++ + —
iae?ieaioe/aneee
A?aae, aaeethoeeiaoeee
++ — (?) — (?) Aioeineoioe/aneee
Aa?anneaiinoue + + — + Aioeaa?anneuiue
No?ao + (?) — (?)
++ Aioeoiae/aneee
Iaieaeaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea +
++
Aioeiaieaeaeueiue
Aeai?anney —
— — + Aioeaeai?anneaiue
“++” – i/aiue oaaee/eaaao, “+” – oaaee/eaaao, ” — ” – oiaiueoaao, ” — —
“- neeueii oiaiueoaao, (?)” – iaaeinoaoi/ii aeaiiuo.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
_.Ineoieaioeee ( oaiaoatho )
1.1 Iae?ieaioeee ( aeey ea/aiey ineoicia )
1.2 O?aieaeeecaoi?u ( aeey ea/aiey iaa?icia e iaa?iciiiaeiaiuo
ninoiyiee ) = aieneieeoeee = aoa?aeoeee
1.3 Iauanaaeaoeaiua ( aeiiioeee ) – i?e aanniiieoea,
iaa?iciiiaeiaiuo ninoiyieyo
2.Ineoiaiaeaioeee ( aicaoaeaeatho )
2.1 Iauaoiiece?othuea ( aaeaioiaaiu ) ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
– aeaiue-oaiue, yeaooa?ieiee. Neaaue noeioee?othuee yooaeo
2.2 Ineoinoeioeyoi?u ( aeoeae?otho ineoe/aneea e iioi?iua
i?ioeannu ). I?eiaiythony ?aaeei.
2.3 Aioeaeai?annaiou – aeey ea/aiey aeai?annee e
iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiiai ineoica a aeai?anneaiie oaca
3.Ineoiaeeneaioeee
Ineoioiene/aneea aauanoaa. ( Ianeiei, LSD , Neeioeeaei ). A
iaaeeoeeia nae/an ia i?eiaiythony. ?aiueoa – i?e ea/aiee ineoicia.
Aucuaatho aeaceioaa?aoeeth.
4.Ii?iioeieee_. ( i?aia?aou eeoey )
Ea?aiiao eeoey, Ieneaooe?ao eeoey. I?eiaiythony aeey ea/aiey
iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiiai ineoica ( aioeiaieaeaeueiia e
aioeaeai?anneaiia aeaenoaea )
5.Iiio?iiu
Oeo/oatho iaiyoue, iaeaa/atho i?ioeannu iao/aiey, iaoaaiee/aneea
oea?aa?ii?ioaeoi?u. Oeo/oatho iaiaiiua i?ioeannu a aieiaiii iicaa.
Iieacaiey : o?aaiu, eioieneeaoeee, einoeueou, ?anno?ienoaa ineoeee o
aeaoae, aoa?ineea?icu. Ie?ioeaoai, Iaioiaai, Aieiieii, Ie?eaeeoie.
Iae?ieaioeee
I?iecaiaeiua : 1.Oaiioeaceia 2.Aooe?ioaiiia
3.Aeeoaieeaooaia Ieiiceae, Oeonia?eeai, Iaioeo?eaeie
4.Oeienaioaia Oei?i?ioeenai, Oeoiaioeenie, Oeioeenai.
5.Aeeaaicacaieia Eeicaiei, Eienaiei.
6.Aaicaieaea Noeueie?eae ( Yaeiiee )
7.Eiaeiea ?aca?iei, Ea?aeaeei.
Auaeaeytho oeie/iua e aoeie/iua iae?ieaioeee. Aoeie/iua – Eeicaiei
e Noeueia?eae – ia aucuaatho yeno?aie?aieaeaeueiuo ?anno?ienoa.
Inoaeueiua – aucuaatho.
Oaiioeaceiu
a) aeeoaoe/aneea I?iiacei, Aieiacei, Eaaiiai?iiacei
a) ieia?aceiiaua Iaoa?acei, Yoaia?acei, O?eooacei, O?aiieii,
Ooi?oaiacei, Oeii?iiaiacei
a) ieia?eaeeiiaua Iaiacei, Oei?eaeacei, Iaoeaioee
Aeeoaoe/aneea
Naaeaoeaiia, neaaia aioeineoioe/aneia aeaenoaea. I?aia?aou auai?a
i?e ia/aea ineoica.
Ieia?aceiiaua
Aioeineoioe/aneia, neaaia naaeaoeaiia aeaenoaea. Iniiaiay oa?aiey
iinea eoie?iaaiey aicaoaeaeaiey aeeoaoe/aneeie
Ieia?eaeeiiaua – I?iiaaeooi/iue niaeo? aeaenoaey
Ana aioeineoioe/aneea – D2-aeieaoi?u, iae?ieaioeee –
oeaio?aeueiua aae?aiiaeieaoi?u, i?aia?aou i?ioea no?aoa –
oeaio?aeueiua oieeiiaeieaoi?u
Yooaeou iae?ieaioeeia
1.Oneeeaatho aeaenoaea iaueo aianoaoeeia.
Nii i?e ia?eica aaenaiaeii ( iiuo ia e?una ) i?e aeica 50
ieeeea?aii ia eeeia?aii aana – 17 ieioo, i?e aeiiieieoaeueiii aaaaeaiee
aieiaceia a aeica 20 ieeeea?aii ia eeeia?aii nii oaaee/eaaaony aei
117 ieioo.
2.Aeiioa?ie/aneia aeaenoaea Oiaiueoatho iaiaiiua i?ioeannu,
eniieuecothony a aianoaceieiaee, aoiaeyo a ninoaa eeoe/aneie niane.
3.Nieaeaiea oiiona neaeaoiuo iuooe.
I?e aeeeoaeueiii aaaaeaiee – iiauoatho ( eaoioiie/aneia aeaenoaea
).
4.I?ioeai?aioiia aeaenoaea (e?iia Oei?eaeaceia) Aeiee?otho
oaii?aoeaioi?u ?aioiiai oeaio?a.
Yoi eniieuecoaony :
a) i?e eioieneeaoeee eaea?noaaie, eioi?ua oai ia iaiaa
iaiaoiaeeii aaiaeeoue ( i?e ea/aiee ceiea/anoaaiiuo iiooieae ).
a) i?e aa?aiaiiinoe ( i?aia?ao io/ayiey )
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea
1.Yeno?aie?aieaeaeueiua ?anno?ienoaa Ia?eeiniieci ( o?aii? ?oe ).
Aeioaiei oi?iiceo aeoeaiinoue oieeia?ae/aneeo iae?iiia, a iae?ieaioeee
aeiee?otho aeioaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u, /oi i?eaiaeeo e ?anoi?iaaeeaaieth.
I?e o?aii?a, aeeiacee, aucaaiiuo yoeie eaea?noaaie iacia/athony
oeeeeiaeie, aiecee e ae?oaea.
2.Nieaeaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, aei i?oinoaoe/aneie
aeiioaicee.
3.Oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey.
4.Ia?ooaiea ooieoeee ia/aie e ii/ae. Iaeaieaa iianai aieiacei (
aieiaceiiaua aeaeoooe )
5.?acae?aaeaiea neecenouo iaiei/ae. Iniaaiii – Aieiacei.
6.Aeea?ae/aneea aea?iaoeou ( o ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea ).
7.Oaiaoaiea e?iaaoai?aiey aei aa?aioeioeeoica.
8.Iae?ieaioe/aneee neiae?ii = aeai?anney + ia?eeiniieci +
aac?acee/ea ( eiaeeooa?aioiinoue ).
9.Aeiii?ieaeoeiyiey. I?ieaeoei eiio?iee?oao ia?aciaaiea iieiauo
ai?iiiia. Aeiaeiianoey o ioae/ei, naenoaeueiua ia?ooaiey ( oaiaoaiea ).
I?iecaiaeiua aooe?ioaiiia.
Aaeiia?eaeie, Aaeiaiecie, Ae?iia?eaeie ( ia eniieuecoaony eae
iae?ieaioee ). Aioeineoioe/aneea, iao oi?iicyuaai yooaeoa, iiaeao
aeaaea aeoeae?iaaoue. Oa?aeoa?iu yeno?aie?aieaeaeueiua ia?ooaiey.
I?eiaiyaony i?e iaieaeaeueiuo aicaoaeaeaieyo, ino?ii a?aaeiaii
ninoiyiee, oecio?aiee n aaeethoeeiaoeeyie, anao i?iyaeaieyo
aicaoaeaeaiey.
Aeiieie?oao D2-aeieaoi?iay aeoeaiinoue.
?aca?iei
A ineoeao?e/aneie i?aeoeea – oieueei i?e ni/aoaiiie iaoieiaee.
Ineoic + aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue, ineoic + aeia?oe?aic.
Ea?aeaeei_. – oi aea naiia.
Iiai/iua yooaeou ?aca?ieia e ea?aeaeeia ( ca n/ao aeoeaaoeee
ia?aneiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie nenoaiu ) : a?aaeeea?aeey, ieic, oneeaiea
ia?enoaeueoeee, a?iioiniaci, ae?oaea yaeaiey.
Eeeie/aneay eeanneoeeaoeey iae?ieaioeeia
1. Naaeaoeaiua ( iae?ieaioeee aunieeo aeic ( 200-600 ieeeea?aii ) ).
Eeicaiei, Oei?aaeacei, Aieiicei, Eaaiiai?iiacei, Oei?i?iaaenai,
Aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea, aioeoieeia?ae/aneea, iiaoo auoue
aioena?ioiieia?ae/aneea – iiyoiio iiiai iiai/iuo yooaeoia: a?eoiee,
ia?ooaiey aeeiiiaeaoeee e ae?oaea. I?eiaiytho ia ia/aeueiie noaaeee
ineoieaioe/aneiai aicaoaeaeaiey.
2. Aioeineoioe/aneea
I?aia?aou n?aaeieo e ieceeo aeic :
I?aia?aou n?aaeieo aeic ( 20-50 ieeeea?aii ) : Eienaiei, O?eooacei,
Yoaia?acei, Oeii?iia?acei.
I?aia?aou ieceeo aeic: Oeiiaaeeenie, Aaeiia?eaeie, O?eooi?ia?eaeie,
Ooi?oaiacee, Oaiaceae, Noeueia?eae.
O?AIEAEEECAOI?U
( eao ” trancvilage ” – aeaeaoue ?aaiiaeooiui ). =
aoa?aeoeee = aieneieeoeee.
Aeaaiue yooaeo – ono?aiaiea no?aoa, ineoe/aneie iai?yaeaiiinoe,
iaa?ioe/aneeo ?anno?ienoa. I?eiaiythony i?e ycaaiiie aieacie,
aeia?oiiee, a?iioeaeueiie anoia ( ineoiniiaoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a ).
O?aieaeeecaoi?u eciaiytho aeoeaiinoue iae?iiia eeiae/aneie nenoaiu e
ei?u aieiaiiai iicaa. Ooieoeee eeiae/aneie nenoaiu
1. eioaa?aoeey neaiaeia n eioa?i- e yenoa?i?aoeaioi?ia.
2. iiaeniciaoaeueiay ioeaiea yoeo neaiaeia.
A iniiaa iaa?ioe/aneiai caaieaaaiey – eiioeeeo, eiaaea anoue 2
?aciuo oaiaeaioeee iiaaaeaiey. Aicieeatho canoieiua i/aae aicaoaeaeaiey
a eeiae/aneie nenoaia e ei?a.
Aeey eeanne/aneeo o?aieaeeecaoi?ia oa?aeoa?iu 3 yooaeoa :
1. Aieneieeoe/aneee ( i?ioeaio?aaiaeiue ) – ia o?iaia
eeiae/aneie nenoaiu.
2. Naaeaoeaiue eee aeiiinaaeaoeaiue – ia o?iaia ?ino?aeueiiai
ioaeaea ?aoeeoey?iie oi?iaoeee.
3. Nieaeaiea iuoa/iiai oiiona ( ia?ooaiea i?iaaaeaiey a
nieiiii iicaa ).
Naaaeaiey ioiineoaeueii nenoai iiaee?aieaiey ( iieiaeeoaeueiiai e
io?eoeaoaeueiiai ).
Nenoaia iaa?aaeu – iaaeeaeueiue io/ie ia?aaeiaai iicaa (
aeioaieia?ae/aenea e ii?aae?aiaeeiy?ae/aneea iae?iiu ). Eiia?ae?otho
eeiae/aneoth nenoaio. Yeaeo?e/aneia ?acae?aaeaiea aucuaaao
iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee.
Nenoaia iaeacaiey – ia?eaaio?eeoey?iay nenoaia. Iaaeeaoi?u oi/ii
iaecaanoiu ( i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi yoi – aoeaoeeoieei e na?ioiiei ).
Eiia?aaoeey – a eeiae/aneoth nenoaio e ae?oaea ioaeaeu iicaa.
O?aieaeeecaoi?u ?anoi?iaaeeaatho nenoaio iaa?aaeu e
caoi?iaaeeaatho nenoaio iaeacaiey. Iianiinoue – neeueiay ineoe/aneay
caaeneiinoue (oece/aneay – iacia/eoaeueia). Iaoeeaiou neeiiiu
ceioiio?aaeyoue o?aieaeeecaoi?aie.
Eeanneoeeaoeey o?aieaeeecaoi?ia
I?iecaiaeiua :
1.Aaiciaeeacaieia – naiua yooaeoeaiua 1,4-aeeaaiciaeeacaieiu,
o?eacieiaaicaaeeacaieiu.
2.I?iiaiaeeiea – Iai?iaae
3.Aiecee
4.O?eienacee
5.Aeueoa-aeieaoi?u oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey – Ie??ienai
6.N?aaenoaa, aeeythuea ia na?ioiieiy?ae/aneea ?aoeaioi?u – Aonie?ii
7.Aaoa-aeieaoi?u – aioeaa?anneaiue yooaeo
8.Aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u – Aeae?ienecei ( Aenoa?ee )
Aeiaaiua o?aieaeeecaoi?u :
( ia eiatho aeiiinaaeaoeaiiai yooaeoa )
Iacaiai ( Iaaeacaiai ), A?aiaeaenei ( Oioeciiai ), Aonie?ii,
Ie??ienai, O?eienacei.
Aaiciaeeacaiaiiaue ?yae :
1. I?aia?aou aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey ( aei 3-o nooie)
Oei?aeeacaiieneae, Aeeacaiai, Oaiacaiai, Iacaiai, Oei?acaiai, I?acaiai,
Ieo?acaiai, Oeth?acaiai, Oethieo?acaiai.Iineaaeiea o?e i?aia?aoa –
iaeaaeatho aeiiinaaeaoeaiui yooaeoii, i?eiaiythony i?e iaa?ica,
aanniiieoea. Ana ia?a/eneaiiua i?aia?aou eae i?aaeei ia?acotho aeoeaiue
iaoaaieeo a i?aaiecia – ii?aeeacaiai, eioi?ue aeieai auaiaeeony ec
i?aaiecia aneaaenoaea /aai ia oa?aeoa?ai neiae?ii ioiaiu.
2. I?aia?aou n?aaeiae aeeeoaeueiinoe aeaenoaey (10-20 /ania)
Iicaiai, Ei?acaiai, Aeuei?acieai, A?iiacaiai, Oaiacaiai. I?aia?aou
yaeythony aieneieeoeeaie e niioai?iuie, eiaeoeae-
?othony a ia/aie a ?aaeoeee n aetheo?iiiaie eeneioie, /aua aucuaatho
neiae?ii ioiaiu.
3. I?aia?aou ei?ioeiai aeaenoaey ( 3-8 /ania ) O?eacieai,
Ieaeacieai. *aua i?eiaiythony a aianoaceieiaee aeey iioaioee?iaaiey
aeaenoaey iaueo aianoaoeeia. I?eiaiythony eae niioai?iua, i/aiue
oa?aeoa?ai neiae?ii ioiaiu. ssaeythony oaeaea e aieneieeoeeaie, ii ia
i?eiaiythony ii yoiio yooaeoo.
Aaiciaeeacaieiiaua o?aieaeeecaoi?u aeeytho ia niaoeeaeueiua
aaiciaeeacaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u. Yoe ?aoeaioi?u neiioeaio?e?iaaiu a ei?a e
a eeiae/aneie nenoaia, eo oai a 5 ?ac aieueoa ( ii ieioiinoe ), /ai a
noaieiauo no?oeoo?ao. Aaiciaeeacaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u nouanoaotho o anao
iicaiii/iuo, ia/eiay n einoenouo ?ua.
Noaia aeaenoaey aaiciaeeacaieiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia
A ?aoeaioi? aoiaeyo :
a) ?aoeaioi? aaiiaaieiiianeyiie eeneiou (AAIE-A ?aoeaioi?).
a) nai aaiciaeeacaieiiaue ?aoeaioi?
a) aieiiiue ( oei?eaeiue eaiae )
Iinea aeoeaaoeee aaiciaeeacaieiiaiai ?aoeaioi?a i?ienoiaeeo
oaaee/aiea naycuaaiey aaiiaaieiiianeyiie eeneiou, aneaaenoaea yoiai
/aua ioe?uaaaony oei?eaeiue eaiae, oei? aoiaeeo a eeaoeo, /oi
i?eaiaeeo e aeaiiey?ecaoeee.
Aeoeaaoi?u e aeieaoi?u ?aoeaioi?ia :
Aeoeaaoi?u – i?iaeoeou aeaa?aaeaoeee oeeeee/aneie oi?iu
aaeaiiceiiiiioinoi?iie eeneiou ( eiicei e aeiienaioei ). Yiaeiaaiiue
aioaaiieno – iaioeae, aai aiaeeeneay aaa?aaeaoo?a – DBI ( eiaeaeoi?
naycuaaiey aaiciaeeacaiaia ). Yoi aauanoai auaeaeyaony i?e no?annao e
io?eoeaoaeueiuo yiioeeyo e aucuaaao no?ao.
Aaiciaeeacaieiiaua i?aia?aou – iaeaieaa aaciianiu. Niioiioaiea
oa?aiaaoe/aneay aeica : eaoaeueiay aeica = 1:1000 ( a iae?iiao anoue
nenoaia oi?iiaeaiey ). Aeey n?aaiaiey yoi ioiioaiea aeey oaiiaa?aeoaea =
1:40.
Iieacaiey e i?eiaiaieth
Aeeacaiai :
1. Iaa?icu e iaa?iciiiaeiaiua ninoiyiey ( iaiaoiaeeii ni/aoaiea
n ineoioa?aieae ).
2. Enoa?e/aneea e eiioiiae?e/aneea ?aaeoeee
3. Iuoa/iua niaciu oeaio?aeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
4. Aeeiaieueiay e iieaoiay ianoeiaioeey
5. Yieeaioe/neee noaoon ( aioo?eaaiii)
6. Yeeaiiney
Iiai/iua yooaeou
Nieaeaiea iuoa/iiai oiiona, i?ioeaiiieacai i?e i?ioanneyo
o?aaothueo aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey, Nieaeaiea ino?iou ?aaeoeee,
Eaea?noaaiiay caaeneiinoue
Neiae?ii ioaea/e – ioiaiytho 6-8 iaaeaeue ( ii 1/6 aeicu a
iaaeaeth ). Anee aicieeaao neiae?ii ioiaiu – iacia/atho (
-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u.
Aeuei?acieai ( Eannaaeai ) Iiuiue aieneieeoee, aunieia n?iaenoai
e aaicaaeeacaieiiaui ?aoeaioi?ai. Aioeaeai?anneaiay aeoeaiinoue.
Ni/aoaaony n eeanne/aneeie aioeaeai?annaioaie. Iaiaa au?aaeai
aeiiinaaeaoeaiue yooaeo. Iieacaiey : Ea/aiea iaa?icia, aeai?annee,
no?aoia.
Iai?ioai ( 1961 aiae ) Nae/an eniieuecoaony ?aaeei. Iaeaaeaao
naaeaoeaiui e i?ioeainoaei?iaeiui aeaenoaeai, iioaioeee?oao aeaenoaea
iaueo aianoaoeeia e niioai?iuo. Nieaeaao iuoa/iue oiion.
Aiecee I?aia?eiciay iiaeaioiaea ( nieaeaao nae?aoeeth e niaciu ).
Iaeaaeaao i?ioeaieaoeaaui aeaenoaeai
O?eienacei Iaei aeeyao ia iuoa/iue oiion, eniieuecoaony i?e
neaaue iaa?ioe/aneeo i?iyaeaieyo
Aonie?ii Iaoaieci aeaenoaey – aeoeaaoeey i?aneiaioe/aneeo
?aoeaioi?ia aeey na?ioiieia – oiaiueoaao auaeaeaiea na?ioiieia. Neaai
naycuaaaony n D2-aeioaieiiauie ?aoeaioi?aie – neaaia aioeineoioe/aneia
aeaenoaea.
I?aeiouanoaa : Ia aucuaaao iei?aeaenaoeeth Ieieiaeueiua
naaeaoeaiua naienoaa
Ia iioaioeee?oao aeaenoaea ae?oaeo aeai?annaioia Ia aucuaaao
yeoi?ee e caaeneiinoe
Aeae?ieneaeei Aeieaoi? oeaio?aeueiuo I1-aenoaieiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia.
Iao ia?eioe/aneiai yooaeoa, neaaue iauaoaiaoathuee yooaeo. I?eiaiyaony a
ia?eieiaee eae aieneieeoee, i?e i?iaaaeaiee aeeaaiinoe/aneeo i?ioeaaeo?
a noiiaoieiaee (oiaiueoaao auaeaeaiea nethiu).
INEOIAIAEAIOEEE
_. Ineoi( iioi?iua )noeioeyoi?u
I?iecaiaeiua :
1. Io?eia Eioaei
2. Oaieeaeeeeaieiia Oaiaiei, Ia?eaeee
3. Neaeiiieieia Neaeiiea?a, Neaeiioai
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey
1. I?yiay aeoeaaoeey iaiei?oaena ( Eioaei, Oaia?iiei )
2. Oiaiueoaiea oi?iiciuo aeeyiee iaeaiei?oaena ia iaiei?oaen (
i?iecaiaeiua neaeiiieieiia, oaieeaeeeeaieiia )
3. Oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe aeeyiee ?aoeeoey?iie oi?iaoeee
Iae?ioeie/aneee iaoaieci
A) I?iecaiaeiua io?eiia Eioaei aeieai n/eoaeny eiaeaeoi?ii
oinoiaeeynoa?acu –> iaeiieaiea oeeeee/aneie oi?iu
aaeaiiceiiiiioinoi?iie eeneiou. oeAIO – iin?aaeiee aeioaieiy?a/aneeo,
aae?aiy?ae/aneeo, Oieeiy?ae/aneeo, iaeioi?uo na?ioiieiy?ae/aneeo
aeeyiee, Iae?iiaioeaeiuo aeeyiee. A ?acoeueoaoa – oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe
ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiiai oeaio?a. Eioaei ono?aiyao oi?iiciua yooaeou
aaeaiiceia.
Eioaei iacia/atho i?e ia?aooiieaieyo e anoaie/aneeo ninoiyieyo,
a ea/anoaa aioeia?eioe/neiai n?aaenoaa aeey ono?aiaiey oiene/aneiai
aeaenoaey iaueo aianoaoeeia e eae ?aaoeyoi? aeaeoaei/iie nae?aoeee.
A) A?oiia oaieeaeeeeaieiia
Oaiaiei – oeaio?aeueiue e ia?eoa?e/aneee neiiaoiieiaoee.
Ineoiiioi?iay noeioeyoeey ca n/ao aeoeaaoeee aeioaieiy?ae/aneeo
no?oeoo? iacieeiae/aneie e iaciei?oeeaeueiie nenoaiu. Oaaee/eaaao aua?in
na?ioiieia. I?eiaiyaony i?e :
Ia?aooiieaiee, anoaiee, eaoaioiuo eee ne?uouo oi?iao
ineoicia. ?aiaa i?eiaiyeny a ea/anoaa aiaeaioeea. Iiuiay yeoi?ey,
ia?eioee.
A) I?iecaiaeiua neiaeiieieiia
Oeaio?aeueiua aae?aiiiiceoeaiua i?aia?aou, a ioee/ea io
oaieeaeeeeaieiia – aeaenoaotho iya/a, ?aaeei aucuaatho aanniiieoeo e
ia?aaicaoaeaeaiea, ia aucuaatho oaoeea?aeeth e oaaee/aiea
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey. I?eiaiaiea – oiaea + aioeaeai?annaiou.
AIOEAeAI?ANNAIOU
Aeai?annee ano?a/athony o 3-5% ethaeae. Iaoaieci aeai?annee : 1.
Nieaeaiea eiioeaio?aoeee ii?aae?aiaeeia e na?ioiieia a OeIN 2.
Oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa aaoa-2 aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia.
Caaea/a aioeaeai?annaioa – oaaee/eoue ia?aaea/o ii?aae?aiaeeia e
na?ioiieia
Aeaeu aeai?annee
1. Ii eeeie/aneie ea?oeia 1 Caoi?iiaeaiii-aiaoe/aneay 2
Aeai?anney n yeaiaioaie aaeeoaoeee ( aicaoaeaeaiey )
2. Ii i?ienoiaeaeaieth
Yiaeiaaiiua : iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiue ineoic, noa?/aneea
aeai?annee
Ineoiaaiiua ( ?aaeoeaiua ) – eiaaea ia aacao a aeecie
I?aaie/aneea ( iiooiee, niiaoe/aneea e eioaeoeeiiiua caaieaaaiey
)
Aioeaeai?annaiou
_. O?eoeeeee/aneea Aieo?eioeeeei ( o?eioecie ), Aeienaiei, Eiei?aiei,
Ii?o?eioeeeei, Aeacei?aiei. Eiaeae?otho ia?aoiue caoaao ii?aae?aiaeeia e
na?ioiieia. Iieacaiey : yiaeiaaiiua aeai?annee, yio?ac o aeaoae (
eiei?aiei ), O?iie/aneee aieaaie neiae?ii, ino?ua iaie/aneea ?aaeoeee,
iaayc/eaue no?ao ( oiaee ).
I?aia?aou ” aoi?ie aaia?aoeee “_. – aeieaoi?u caoaaoa ii?aae?aiaeeia
e na?ioiieia.
Oeoienaoei e A?acaaeii – aeaenoaotho ia na?ioiieiy?ae/aneea
?aoeaioi?u, Iai?ioeeeei – ia aae
?aiy?aeaneea
Iieacaiey : yiaeiaaiiua, ?ao?aeoa?iua e ne?uoua aeai?annee
3. Eiaeaeoi?u iiiiaieiieneaeacu (IAI)_. – iaia?aoeiua IAI-A –
aeeyao ia na?ioiiei e ii?aae?aiaeei, IAI-A – ?ac?ooaao aeioaiei.
Eiaeaeoi?u IAI aeeytho a iniiaiii ia IAI-A
Ieaeaieae, Iieeiaaieae, O?ainaiei, Eiaeiiai, Eieacai, Oao?eiaeie,
Ie?aceaeie.
Iieacaiey :
aeai?annee a ni/aoaieyo n oyaeeuie oiaeyie e ineoiiioi?iie
caoi?iiaeaiiinoueth.
Iiai/iua yooaeou aioeaeai?annaioia
O?eoeeeee/aneea
1.Ecauoi/iay naaeaoeey ( aeieaaea I1-aenoaieiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia )
2.Neiiaoiieiaoe/aneea yooaeou ( oaoeea?aeey, aaniieienoai, einiiiey (
ia?ooaiea nia ) ).
3.Oieeiy?ae/aneea yooaeou ( ia?ooaiea c?aiey,caaea?aeea ii/e )
4.I?oinoaoe/aneay aeiioaicey, ea?aeeiieiiaoee
5.Iioaioeee?iaaiea aeaenoaey aeai?annaioia
6.Oiaiueoatho aioeaeia?oaiceaiue yooaeo Aoaieoeaeeia,
Eeiieoeaeeia,
Iaoeeaeiou.
Eiaeaeoi?u IAI
1.Aeia?oaicey ( oneeeaaaony oe?aieiii, eioi?ue niaea?aeeony a
nu?a, eiao?oa, ieaa –> iaeuecy, eia/a aeia?oaicey noaiao
ceiea/anoaaiiie ).
2.Aeia?oa?iey
3.Aicaoaeaeaiea OeIN, ?anno?ienoai nia, noaei?iae
4.Oaiaoaiea aeaoieneoee?othuae ooieoeee ia/aie
Cai?auaaony ni/aoaoue n o?eoeeeee/aneeie aioeaeai?annaioaie
AIOEAIAEIAEUeIUA N?AAeNOAA
I?eiaiythony aeey ea/aiey eoaie/aneie aieacie na?aeoea, oaeaea
iacuaathuaeny angina pectoris.
Eoaie/aneay aieaciue na?aeoea – ia?ooaiea aeinoaaee eee
iio?aaeaiey eenei?iaea a ieiea?aea.
I?e/eiu
I?e iaeioi?uo caaieaaaieyo aaia/iuo a?oa?ee :
1. Aoa?ineea?ic
2. Aiaeinianoe/aneee eiiiiiaio.
No?ann i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth iae?iaaiiiai oiiona e aiaeiniacio
–> ieeethcey 75%.
3. O?iiaiyiaieey
Aicieeaao o?iiaioeeoa?iue yiaie, aeoeae?oaony iaoaieci eiaaoeyoeee,
/oi i?eaiaeeo e o?iiaiyiaieee.
Ieiaaiiue oiion oi?iiceony aaeaiiceiii – i?iaeoeoii ?aniaaea
oeeeee/aneie oi?iu aaeaiiceiiiiioinoi?iie eeneiou. I?e aeaoeoeeoa
yia?aee – ?anoe?aiea ninoaeia, oae eae iaeaieeaaaony aaeaiicei.
Iio?aaeaiea eenei?iaea a ieiea?aea i?iii?oeeiiaeueii ?aaioa
na?aeoea. ?aaioa na?aeoea i?iii?oeeiiaeueia oaea?iiio iauaio e
/anoioa na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee. ?aaioa na?aeoea i?iii?oeeiiaeueia
aaiiciiio aica?aoo ( i?aaeiaa?ocea ) e iauaio ia?eoa?e/aneiio
nii?ioeaeaieth ninoaeia ( iinoiaa?ocea ).
Aiciiaeiinoe oa?iaeioa?aiee i?e eoaie/aneie aieacie na?aeoea
1. Oaaee/aiea ei?iia?iiai e?iaioiea
2. Oiaiueoaiea nie?aoeiinoe ieiea?aea ( io?eoeaoaeueiia eii- e
o?iiio?iiiia aeaenoaea )
3. Oaaee/aiea oiea?aioiinoe e oece/aneie iaa?ocea (
aioeaeiienaiou )
4. Aeeaeoaeeniiiaeiaiia aeaenoaea ( na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu )
5. Aeoeaaoeey aiay?iaiiai aeeeieeca
6. Oiaiueoaiea ninoaeenoie i?iieoeaaiinoe ( i?e aunieie
i?iieoeaaiinoe iiyaeyaony ioae, naeaaeeaathuee ninoaeu )
7. Oeo/oaiea iee?ioee?eoeyoeee ieiea?aea
8. Oaaee/aiea ooeeecaoeee eenei?iaea ieiea?aeii
Enoi?e/anee ia?aua – ninoaei?anoe?ythuea n?aaenoaa.
Oaeoi?u ia?aie/eaathuea aioeaiaeiaeueioth aeoeaiinoue
ninoaei?anoe?ythueo n?aaenoa
1. I?aia?aou iaeaaeatho ia ecae?aoaeueiui aeaenoaeai, a nenoaiiui
ninoaei?anoe?ythuei
2. Oaiiiai “iae?aaeuaaiey” : ?anoe?ythony e caei?iaua ninoaeu,
i?e yoii a caei?iaua ninoaeu ooiaeeo aieueoa e?iae /ai a aieueiua,
oae eae caei?iaua ?anoe?ythony aieueoa.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1. Ninoaei?anoe?ythuea n?aaenoaa: i?aaie/aneea ieo?aou –
ieo?iaeeoea?ei
i?iecaiaeiua : neaeiieieiia – Iieneaeaiei, ie?eieaeeia,
oaieeaeeeeaieiia, o?iiaia, io?eia, ecioeiieeia.
2. Aioaaiienou eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia
3. Aaoa-aae?aiieeoeee – Iaceaeai, Aiai?eeei
4. Aaoa-aae?aiiieiaoeee
5. Aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea n?aaenoaa ?aciiai oeia aeaenoaey
6. Aniiiiaaoaeueiua n?aaenoaa
I?aaie/aneea ieo?aou
Oa?iaeieeiaoeea I?eiaiaiea
I?aia?ao Eaea?noaai-iay oi?ia Niinia aaaaeaiey Ia/aei aeaenoaey
I?iaeieaeeoaeue-iinoue Eoie?i-aaiea I?ioe-eaeoeea
Ieo?iaeeoea?ei oaaeaoee e
1%nie?o. ??
aiaeiue ?-?
2% iacue noaeeiaa.
aioo?eaaiii
ia i?aaeiea/uea 1-2 ieioou
Aeey aeeeoaeueiuo
15-30 ieioo 10-15 ieioo
aaaaeaiee
3,5 – 5 /ania +
— —
+
Nonoae oaaeaoee aioo?ue 10-15 ieioo 4-5 /ania — +
Ieo?iia oaaeaoee aioo?ue 20-30 ieioo 6-8 /ania — +
O?eieo?ieiia oaaeaoee
iieeia?iua ieaiee aioo?ue
aiieeeaoeey ia neecenooth ?oa 40-50 ieioo
2-3 ieioou 4-5 /ania
1,5 – 6 /ania —
+ +
+
Ieo?iaea?i iieeia?-iua aeenee iaeiaeii 20 ieioo 20 /ania — +
Ieo?ini?aeae oaaeaoee
oaaeaoee noaeeiaa.
aioo?ue 2-3 ieioou
20-30 ieioo 0,5 – 1 /an
2-3 /ana +
— —
+
Y?eieo – eiaao oieueei enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea
Niinia i?eiaiaiey noaeeiaaaeueiue ec-ca oiai, /oi i?e yoii i?aia?ao
ieioao ia/aiue.
Oa?iaeiaeeiaieea ieo?aoia
1. Iniiaiie yooaeo – aeae?iaeeiaie/aneay ?aca?ocea oiaiueoaao
:
aaiiciue aica?ao – i?aaeiaa?oceo, iauaa ia?eoa?e/aneia
nii?ioeaeaiea ninoaeia – iinoiaa?oceo
Aneaaenoaea yoiai oiaiueoaaony ?aaioa na?aeoea e aai iio?aaiinoue
a eenei?iaea
2. Iacia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaaaony aeinoaaea eenei?iaea a ieiea?ae
Oiaiueoaiea ninoaeenoiai oiiona e aacieiino?eeoi?iuo ?aoeaenia,
oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa eieeaoa?aeae e ?ao?ia?aaeiiai e?iaioiea
3. Oea?eiieeoe/aneee yooaeo – oeo/oaiea ieee?ioee?eoeyoeee
4. I?ioeaia?eoie/aneia aeaenoaea
Iiai/iua yooaeou
1. Naycaiiua n nenoaiiui ninoaei?anoe?ythuei aeaenoaeai (i?e
oiaiueoaiee a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiea aieaa /ai ia 10 ieeeeiao?ia )
a) oiaiueoaiea ei?iia?iie ia?oocee
a) ?aoeaeoi?iay oaoeea?aeey
a) ia?ooaiey iicaiaiai e?iaiia?auaiey –> aieiaiua aiee oeia
iea?aiae
2. ?acaeoea ieo?aoiie caaeneiinoe – /aua ia o aieueiuo, a ia
i?iecaiaenoaa ieo?iaeeoea?eia
3. ?acaeoea oiea?aioiinoe e ieo?aoai
I?ioeaiiieacaiey
1. Ino?ue eioaeoeeiiiue ieiea?aeeo n aeiioiieae e
a?aaeeea?aeeae ( ioiineoaeueiia i?ioeaiiieacaiea ).
2. Oaaee/aiea aioo?e/a?aiiiai aeaaeaiey
3. Aeaoeiia (2. e 3. – aaniethoiua i?ioeaiiieacaiey)
4. Ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iay aeieaaea
5. Eaeeineie?acee ( eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay iaia?aiineiinoue )
Aeea?ae/aneea ?aaeoeee e?aeia ?aaeee.
I?iecaiaeiua neaeiieieiia
Iieneaeaiei ( Ei?aaoii ) Aeae?iaeeiaie/aneay ?aca?ocea :
oiaiueoaiea: aaiiciiai aica?aoa, iio?aaeaiey eenei?iaea, iauaai
ia?eoa?e/aneiai nii?ioeaeaiey ninoaeia, aa?aaaoeeiiiay niiniaiinoue
o?iiaioeeoia, oaaee/aiea yeanoe/iinoe ia/aeueiie /anoe ai?ou, neaaia
aieaooieythuaa aeaenoaea
Ia aucuaaao oaiiiai “iae?aaeuaaiey”, iaiueoa nieaeaao a?oa?eaeueiia
aeaaeaiea
Oa?iaeieeiaoeea – oaaeaoee : noaeeiaaaeueii eee aioo?ue
I?iecaiaeiua ie?eieaeeia e oaieeaeeeeaieiia
I?iecaiaeiua ie?eieaeeia – Aeeie?eaeaiie
oaieeaeeeeaieiia – Eeaeioeacei
?aciuo a?oii – Ea?aie?iiai, Yooeeeei, Iaiaaa?ei,
Ii-oia.
Eeaeioeacei – aeiee?oao oinoiaeeynoa?aco ( yoi i?eaiaeeo e iaeiieaieth
oeeeee/aneie AIO )
Aeeie?eaeaiie – eiaeae?oao aaeaiiceiaeacaieiaco ( oa?iaio,
i?aa?auathuee aaeaiicei a eiicei), yoi i?eaiaeeo e iaeiieaieth
aaeaiiceia e ?anoe?aieth ninoaeia na?aeoea.
E?iia yoiai : aeaenoaoao ecae?aoaeueii, i?e aeeeoaeueiii
i?eiaiaiee aeoeaii ?acaeaaaony eieeaoa?aeueiia e?iaiia?auaiea, aeoeaiue
aeacaa?aaaio, oiaiueoaao aeia?o?ioeth, nieaeaao aa?iyoiinoue eioa?eoa
Iieacaiey :
1. Aeeeoaeueiia ea/aiea o?iie/aneie eoaie/aneie aieacie na?aeoea n
oeaeueth i?ioeeaeoeee noaiiea?aeee e eioa?eoa
2. Aeey aeeaaiinoeee ne?uouo caaieaaaiee na?aeoea ii
iaee/eth/ionoonoaeth oaiiiaia “iae?aaeuaaiey”
Aioaaiienou eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia
1. Oiaiueoatho iio?aaeaiea eenei?iaea ieiea?aeii : io?eoeaoaeueiia
eii- e oiiio?iiiia aeaenoaea
oiaiueoaao aaiiciue aica?ao e iauaa ia?eoa?e/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea
ninoaeia
2. Oaaee/eaatho aeinoaaeo eenei?iaea a na?aeoea
3. I?ioeaia?eoie/aneia aeaenoaea
4. Caiaaeeyao aoa?ineea?ic, oiaiueoaao eaeueoeeiic noaiee
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1. I?iecaiaeiua iaiaaa?eia Aa?iiaiee = oeiiioei = eciioei
2. I?iecaiaeiua aeae?iie?eaeeia Ieoaoeaeei = ei?eioa? =
ei?aeaoai = ei?aeeiei = aaeaeao = oaieaeaeei
3. I?iecaiaeiua ieia?aceia Oeeiii?ecei ( nooaa?ii )
E?iia oiai :Aeeeoeacai ( ei?aeee ), Ec?aaeeiei ( eiie? ), Aa?aiaiee
Aeeyao ia ieiea?ae, aaaaeaiea aioo?ue, ia/aei – 15-30 ieioo,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue – 6-8 /ania
au?aaeaiiia i?ioeaia?eoie/aneia, io?eoeaoaeueiue eii-, oiii-,
o?iiio?iiiue yooaeo, neaaia ninoaei?anoe?ythuaa.
Ieoaoeaeei
Aeeyao ia oiion ninoaeia, aaaaeaiea noaeeiaaaeueii, ia/aei – 5-10
ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue – 3-4 /ana, eii-, oiii-, o?iiio?iiiia
aeaenoaea ionoonoaoao, neeueiia ninoaei?anoe?ythuaa aeaenoaea
Iiai/ii :
Aeiioiiey, i?eaiaeyuay e oaoeea?aeee. Aa?iiaiee oiaiueoaao
nie?aoeiinoue ieiea?aea – o iiaeeeuo ethaeae iiaeao aicieeiooue
na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, iiaoo aicieeaoue ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iua
aeieaaeu.
Aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u
Oiaiueoatho iio?aaiinoue ieiea?aea a eenei?iaea. Io?eoeaoaeueiue
eii-, oiii-, o?iiio?iiiue yooaeo, oiaiueoaiea /anoiou na?aea/iuo
nie?auaiee e a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey. Oeaio?aeueiia
aioeaae?aia?ae/aneia aeaenoaea, aioe?aieiiaia aeaenoaea – oiaiueoaao
iauaa ia?eoa?e/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea ninoaeia. I?ioeaia?eoie/aneia
aeaenoaea.
Iiai/ii
1. Naycaiiia n iaea?aeeinaeaeoeaiinoueth a?iioiniaci, ia?ooaiea
ia?eoa?e/aneie iee?ioee?eoeyoeee, aeiiaeeeaiey
2. Naycaiiua n ieiea?aeii
nieaeaiea aeoeaiinoe ieiea?aea –> na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue,
ia?ooaiey ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iie i?iaiaeeiinoe ( ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iua
aeieaaeu )
I?ioeaiiieacaiey
1. Ninoiyiey, i?ioaeathuea n oiaiueoaieai a?oa?eaeueiiai
aeaaeaiey e nie?aoeiinoe ieiea?aea
2. Eaaiaeaeoaei/eiaay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue – aaniethoiia
3. A?eoiee ii oeio ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iuo aeieaae
4. A?iioiiano?oeoeaiua caaieaaaiey
Aae?aia?ae/aneea niaoaiiiai oeia aeaenoaey
Aieiaea?ii
aeie :
aaoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia na?aeoea ( neaaia io?eoeaoaeueiia eii-,
oiii-, o?iiio?iiiia aeaenoaea ), ( -aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia ninoaeia,
?aoeaioi?ia e aetheaaiio ( oeo/oaao aeaiiie?iaaiea oaeaaiaeia )
Aaoa-aae?aiiieiaoeee ( ia i?eiaiythony_. )
Oaaee/eaatho nie?aoeiinoue ieiea?aea – oaaee/eaaaony eiioeaio?aoeey
aaeaiiceia – ?anoe?ythony ninoaeu. Ii i?e aoa?ineea?ica ?anoe?aiey
ninoaeia ia i?ienoiaeeo
Aniiiiaaoaeueiua
Ioiinyony e ?aciui a?oiiai : ineoio?iiiua ( o?aieaeeecaoi?u e
naaeaoeaiua ), aioeeiaaoeyiou e aioeaa?aaaiou ( oeo/oatho
iee?ioee?eoeyoeeth e aaii?aieiaeth ), aiaaiee/aneea noa?ieaeu,
aioeaeiienaiou, aioeoe?aieaeiua n?aaenoaa ( oaaee/eaatho eiyooeoeeaio
?/I a ieoioiiae?eyo ), aioea?aaeeeeieiiua n?aaenoaa.
AIOEAEIA?OAICEAIUA N?AAeNOAA
Iacuaaoue eo aeiioaiceaiuie iai?aaeeueii, oae eae iie
iacia/athony i?e aeia?oaicee aeey nieaeaiey a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey e
i?eiaiyoue eo i?e ii?iaeueiuo oeeo?ao a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey
iaoeaeaniia?acii.
Eeanneoeeaoeey A?oa?eaeueiuo aeia?oaicee_. ( AA )
1. Ia?ae/iay aeia?oaicey – a 80% neo/aaa ( i?e/eia ia ynia ) Aa
iacuaatho – aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue. Ea/aiea – nieaeaiea
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey.
2. Neiioiiaoe/aneay ( ia oiia ae?oaiai caaieaaaiey ). Ea/aiea –
ono?aiaiea i?e/eiu, aa aucaaaoae.
A?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea – eioaa?aoeaiue iieacaoaeue,
oa?aeoa?ecothuee oi ia?ooceiiiia aeaaeaiea, iiae eioi?ui
e?iainiaaaeathony i?aaiu e oeaie. I?e nieaeaiee a?oa?eaeueiiai
aeaaeaiey iaaeaao i?aaiiue e?iaioie – aicieeatho ia?ooaiey eo ooieoeee.
A?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea nieaeatho, /oiau oiaiueoeoue ?ene
aicieeiiaaiey caaieaaaiee : i?e oaaee/aiee a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey ia
10 ii ?o no ?ene aicieeiiaaiey eioa?eoa ieiea?aea oaaee/eaaaony a 3
?aca, oaaee/eaaaony aa?iyoiinoue ?acaeoey iaoieiaee iicaiaiai
e?iaiia?auaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa ea/aiea aeieaeii enoiaeeoue ec 2-o
i?eioeeiia : iaiaoiaeeii nieceoue a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea, ii nio?aieoue
ia i?eaieaiii o?iaia i?aaiiue e?iaioie. Iiyoiio aeaaeaiea nieaeatho
oia?aiii ( 180 –> 150 ),a ia aeiaiaeyo n?aco aei ii?iu ( a iniaaiiinoe
yoi ioiineony e ethaeyi iiaeeeiai aic?anoa, aeeeoaeueii eniuouaathuei
iiauoaiiia a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea ).
A?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea ( AAe ) = Oiion ninoaeia ( iae?iaaiiue e
ieiaaiiue ) + ?aaioa na?aeoea ( /anoioa na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee ( *NN ) e
na?aea/iue aua?in ( NA )) + Iauai oee?eoee?othuae e?iae ( IOeE ).
I?e aaaaeaiee eaea?noa i?aaieci ai?aony ni nieaeaieai aeaaeaiey :
oiion ninoaeia nieaeai eaea?noaaie –> inoathony IOeE e ?aaioa na?aeoea
– iie iiauoathony – eaea?noai ia?anoaao aeaenoaiaaoue –> iaiaoiaeeii :
a) Iiuiia n?aaenoai, eioi?ia iiaeao i?ioeainoiyoue anai
iaoaieciai.
a) Eiiieaeniay oa?aiey, aeeythuay n?aco ia ana nenoaiu
iiauoaiey aeaaeaiey.
Ii noaiaie oyaeanoe :
Eaaeay, oia?aiiay, oyaeaeay, ceiea/anoaaiiay
Aeia?oiie/aneea e?ecu – aiacaiiua, ?aceea iiauoaiey
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey ( 160 –> 250 ). Ioaeia yeno?aiiay iiiiuue.
Eaea?noaa aaiaeyony aioo?eaaiii eee noaeeiaaaeueii. Nouanoaoao 4
aiciiaeiinoe nieaeaiey AAe –> 4 a?oiiu i?aia?aoia.
1. Aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea n?aaenoaa ( neiiaoe/aneay ?aaoeyoeey
ninoaeia e na?aeoea ).
2. Ia?eoa?e/aneea aaciaeeeyoaoi?u – nieaeatho ieiaaiiue
eiiiiiaio oiiona, ii i?e aoa?ineea?ica aeaenoaotho neaai.
3. Ii?iaeecaoi?u aiaeii-nieaaiai aaeaina ( aeeo?aoeee ) –
oiaiueoatho IOeE + auaiaeyo ec noaiee ninoaeia iao?ee ( i?ioeeaeoeea
aoa?ineea?ica ).
4. Aioaaiienou aiaeioaiceia – 2 –> iineaaeiea enoi?e/anee, ii
cia/aieth – iaiai?io.
Aioaaiienou aiaeioaiceia-2
Ooieoeee aiaeioaiceia-2 :
1. Aacieiino?eeoi? ( naiue neeueiue a i?aaiecia ). A noaiea
ninoaea anoue ?aoeaioi?u e iaio.
2. Oaaee/eaaao nae?aoeeth aeueaeinoa?iia – caaea?aeea iao?ey e
aiaeu – ioae ninoaeenoie noaiee + oaaee/aiea IOeE – oaaee/aiea
a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey.
3. Oeaio?aeueiia aeaenoaea – anoue ?aoeaioi?u, oaaee/eaathuea
neiiaoe/aneee oiion.
A?oiia ia?ae?uaaao ana 3 iaoaiecia – iiiioa?aiey
. I?aia?aou oiaiueoathuea aeoeaiinoue ?aieia ieaciu ca n/ao
oiaiueoaiey au?aaioee ?aieia a ii/eao – aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea i?aia?aou
( iniaaiii aaoa-aeieaoi?u ).
2. Aeieaoi?u eiiaa?oe?othuaai oa?iaioa_. – iaeaieaa iiuiua e
ia?niaeoeaiua.
Eaioii?ee, Yiaeai?ee, ?aiei?ee
Iaoaieci :
1. Oiaiueoaiea aacieiino?eeoeee, iaoneiaeaiiie aiaeioaiceiii-2
2. Oiaiueoaiea nae?aoeee aeueaeinoa?iia – oiaiueoaiea caaea?aeee
iao?ey e aiaeu.
3. Ca n/ao oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey aeiee?otho neiiaoiieiaoe/aneee
yooaeo aiaeioaiceia-2
4. Caueuatho eeieiu ( aaciaeeeyoaoi?u ) io ?ac?ooaiey.
Iieacaiey :
1. Iiiioa?aiey AA ethaie noaiaie, ii a iniiaiii oia?aiiie,
oyaeaeie, ceiea/anoaaiiie.
2. I?aiyonoaotho aeia?eaeueiee ieiea?aea i?e o?iie/aneie
na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
3. Yooaeoeaiu i?e aeeaaaoe/aneeo aiaeiiaoeyo
4. I?aiyonoaotho ?acaeoeth aeeaaaoe/aneie iao?iiaoee, ia
aeiioneay iiauoaiey AAe a ii/eao.
Aeey eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia ia i?eiaiythony, oae eae
auioneathony oieueei a oaaeaoeao.
N?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?aia?aoia :
Eaioii?ee
I?eiaiyaony 4 ?aca a aeaiue – iaoaeiaii aeey aeeeoaeueiiai
i?eiaiaiey + aieueoia eiee/anoai iiai/iuo yooaeoia :
I?oinoaoe/aneay aeiioaicey, aieiaiay aieue, aieiaie?oaeaiea,
?aoeaeoi?iay oaoeea?aeey ( iiiuoea i?aaiecia i?aiyonoaiaaoue
nieaeaieth AAe ).
Yiaeai?ee, ?aiei?ee
a) a eo ninoaaa iao aoiia na?u – iaiaa au?aaeaiu iiai/iua yooaeou
a) n?aaenoaa i?ieiiae?iaaiiiai aeaenoaey ( 1 – 2 ( a oyaeaeuo
neo/ayo ))
3. Aeieaoi?u aiaeioaiceiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia ninoaeia
Na?aeacei – aioo?eaaiii, aeey niyoey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia,
oai?aoe/anee iiaeii ea/eoue AA ethaie noaiaie, ii iiiai iiai/iuo
yooaeoia – ia i?eiaiyaony.
4. Oiaiueoathuea nae?aoeeth aeueaeinoa?iia_. ( ii/aaiiiua n?aaenoaa
)
Nie?iiieaeoii – neaaia, iaeiyooaeoeaiia aioeaeia?oaiceaiia n?aaenoai.
I?eiaiyaony i?e: aeia?aeueaeinoa?iiecia, eae eaeee-naa?aaathuee
i?aia?ao.
Aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea n?aaenoaa
a) I?aeiouanoaaiii oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey
a) I?aeiouanoaaiii ia?eoa?e/aneiai aeaenoaey :
Neiiaoieeoeee – oiaiueoatho auaeaeaiea iaaeeaoi?ia,
Aeueoa-aae?aiieeoeee – eneeth/atho aeeyiea ii?aae?aiaeeia,
Aaoa-aae?aiieeoeee – oiaea ia na?aeoea, Aeueoa, aaoa-aae?aiieeoeee
Aaiaeeiaeieaoi?u – yaeythony oieeiieeoeeaie, ii e neiiaoe/aneea e
ia?aneiiaoe/aneea aaiaeee ono?iaiu iaeeiaeiai – i?a?uaaiea eiioeuena
ia o?iaia aaiaeey. Ec-ca neeoeii oe?ieiai niaeo?a aeaenoaey i?e AA ia
i?eiaiythony. Iaeaaeatho auno?ui e neeueiui yooaeoii – i?eiaiythony aeey
eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia e i?e na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Aioeaae?aia?ae/aneea oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey
Eeioaeeei e Aoaioaoeei – aeoeae?otho i?aneiaioe/aneea ( -2
aae?aii?aoeaioi?u – oiaiueoaaony auaeaeaiea ii?aae?aiaeeia ec ieii/aiee
Iaoeeaeioa – ia?ooaao neioac ii?aae?aiaeeia, aeiee?oy
aeioaaeaea?aieneeaco – aianoi ii?aae?aiaeeia neioace?oaony “eiaeiue
iaaeeaoi?” – aeueoa-iaoee-ii?aae?aiaeei, eioi?ue, ianiio?y ia
iioiaeanoue ia auiieiyao ooieoeey ii?aae?aiaeeia.
Eeeie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea
Eeioaeeei :
1. Eiiaeie?iaaiiay oa?aiey i?e oia?aiiie e,?aaea – oyaeaeie AA.
2. Eiiaaea – aeey eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneiai e?eca. I?e yoii
aiciiaeii e?aoeia?aiaiiia oaaee/aiea AAe ( ia 15-20 ieioo )
iaoneiaeaiiia aai ia?eoa?e/aneei aeaenoaeai.
3. Ea/aiea iea?aiae – oiaiueoaao aiieeooaeo ioeuenaoeee a?oa?ee
iicaiauo iaiei/ae.
Aoaioaoeei
Eiiaeie?iaaiiia ea/aiea AA ethaie noaiaie, iaeaaeaao
i?ieiiae?iaaiiui aeaenoaeai – i?eiaiyaony 1 ?ac a nooee.
Iaoeeaeioa
Neaaia n?aaenoai, auno?i ?acaeaaaony i?eaueaiea ( /a?ac ianyoe (
oiaiueoaiea yooaeoa ) ), II – ia a?aaeeo i?e aa?aiaiiinoe.
Iiai/ii
1. Caaea?aeea iao?ey – oaaee/aiea IOeE – iiyoiio iacia/aaony n
aeeo?aoeeaie
2. Nooinoue ai ?oo – aieueiua iiiai iuetho – oaaee/aiea IOeE
3. Ineoiiioi?iia oi?iiaeaiea – aeoaieee nii + aiiacey
4. Nieaeaiea eeaeaei ( iieiaiai aea/aiey )
A oeaeii i?aia?aou oia?aiiie neeu aeaenoaey, i?eiaiythony
oieueei aeey eiiieaeniie oa?aiee, iaaaciianiu aeey iaoeeaioa, ? iiiai
iiai/iuo yooaeoia.
Aae?aia?ae/aneea ia?eoa?e/aneiai aeaenoaey. Neiiaoieeoeee
Iaaeinoaoee
Iacaaiea Ia/aei I?iae-oue Caaea?aeea iao?ey Ia?aneiiao.
yooaeou Iae?ieaio.
neiae?ii I?oinoaoe/.
aeiioaicey
?aca?iei 24 /ana 5-7 aeiae + ++ ++ +/-
Aoaiaoeaeei 3 /ana 2-3 aeiy ++ + – ++ (100%)
I?ieae 4-6 /ania 18-36 /ania ++ + – +
?aca?iei – ia?ooaao aeaiiie?iaaiea iaaeeaoi?a a i?aneiaioe/aneii
ieii/aiee, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aai auno?iio ?ac?ooaieth, i?eiaiyaony a
eiiieaena n aeeo?aoeeaie o iiaeeeuo ethaeae.
Aoaiaoeaeei
( Ieoaaeei ) eiaao 2 iaoaiecia aeaenoaey – ?aca?ieiiiiaeiaiue +
eiaeae?iaaiea ia?aoiiai caoaaoa ii?aae?aiaeeia i?aneiaioe/aneei
ieii/aieai = neeueiia aeaenoaea, ii iiiai iiai/iuo aeaenoaee :
neeueii caaea?aeeaaao iao?ee, o 100% iaoeeaioia aucuaaao i?oinoaoe/aneee
eieeain – i?eiaiyaony oieueei a oneiaeyo noaoeeiia?a. ssaeyaony
“n?aaenoaii io/ayiey” i?e oyaeaeuo e ceiea/anoaaiiuo oi?iao AA, ia
iiaeaeathueony ae?oaiio ea/aieth.
I?ieae – i?eiaiyaony ia i?e AA, a i?e a?eoieyo.
Aeueoa-aae?aiieeoeee
Ianaeaeoeaiua ( aeueoa-1, aeueoa-2 ) ia i?eiaiythony, e?iia
Oaioieaieia aeey e?aoeia?aiaiiiai niyoey aeia?oiie/aneiai e?eca.
Naeaeoeaiua ( aeueoa-1 ) – oe?iei i?eiaiythony.
I?acicei
Iiiioa?aiey AA ethaie noaiaie, eiiaeie?iaaiiia ea/aiea AA ethaie
noaiaie, aeey eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia ia i?eiaiyaony, oae
eae ieioi ?anoai?ei. Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 8-10 /ania – 2 ?aca a
nooee.
Iiai/ii :
1. O 20% i?oinoaoe/aneay aeiioaicey ( yoi iaiiiai ) – iiaeii
i?eiaiyoue a aiaoeaoi?iie i?aeoeea
2. Aieiaie?oaeaiea, aieiaiay aieue – iiiiaaao aaeeaeie, i?aia?aou,
niaea?aeauea iaioie ( aiaeueaei e aieaeiie?ei ia iiiiaatho ).
Aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u
Iaoaieci :
1. Ia?aua 4 iaaeaee i?eaia iniiaiia aeaenoaea – oiaiueoaiea NA,
a?aaeeea?aeey, ii i?ioanoaee 4-o iaaeaeue NA ainnoaiaaeeaaaony (
na?aeoea “oneieuecaao” )
2. Iinea 4-o iaaeaeue neiiaoioi?iiciue yooaeo – oiaiueoaiea
iae?iaaiiiai ninoaeenoiai oiiona – ?anoe?aiea a?oa?eie.
3. Oiaiueoaiea neioaca ?aieia a ii/eao
I?eiaiaiea : iiiioa?aiey AA eaaeie noaiaie ( no?ann ),
eiiaeie?iaaiiay oa?aiey AA ethaie noaiaie. Ia i?eiaiyaony aeey
eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia oae eae ia niioaaonoaoao iaoaieci.
I?e a?iioeaeueiie anoia, naoa?iii aeeaaaoa – i?eiaiytho
ea?aeeinaeaeoeaiua aaoa-aeieaoi?u, anee eciee?iaaiiay AA – ethaua.
Aeueoa e aaoa-aeieaoi?u.
Eaaaoaiie = 1/3 aeoeaiinoe i?ii?aiieiea + 1/7-1/8 aeoeaiinoe
i?aciceia = oi?ioee yooaeo.
Iiiioa?aiey eaaeie e oia?aiiie noaiaie AA
Eiiaeie?iaaiiay i?e AA ethaie noaiaie
Aeey eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia ia eniieuecoaony.
Ia?eoa?e/aneea aaciaeeeyoaoi?u
_. “Noa?ua, o?aaeeoeeiiiua”
Iaiaaa?ei, Yooeeeei, Iioia, Aeeaacie.
Yooeeeei – aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea i?e eoie?iaaiee
aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia, Iioia – i?e nianoe/aneeo caaieaaaieyo
aioo?aiieo aeaaeeiiuoa/iuo i?aaiia, Aeeaacie – aaeaioiaai.
Ii ana iie iaeaaeatho ieceie aioeaeia?oaiceaiie aeoeaiinoueth
– ia i?eiaiythony.
2. Iiaua
Ai?annei ( Aeae?ieacei a ninoaaa Yaeaeueoaia )
Eiiaeie?iaaiiia ea/aiea AA oia?aiiuo e oyaeaeuo noaiaiae,
eoie?iaaiea aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia.
Iiai/ii : ?aoeaeoi?iay oaoeea?aeey, ia?ooaiey iicaiaiai
e?iaiia?auaiey, i?oinoaoe/aneay aeiioaicey, caaea?aeea iao?ey
Aeeacieneae
Nicaeai niaoeeaeueii aeey eoie?iaaiey aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia,
i?eiaiyaony oieueei aioo?eaaiii, ia/aei /a?ac 2-5 ieioo,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 2-3 /ana.
Ieo?ii?onneae iao?ey – oiaea
Ia/aei /a?ac 2-5 ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 5 ieioo (
naa?oei?ioeia aeaenoaea ).
I?eiaiaiea :
Eoie?iaaiea aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia
Eaaiaeaeoaei/eiaay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ( a oii /enea
eioa?eo ieiea?aea )
A oe?o?aee – oi?aaeyaiay aeiioiiey
3. Aioaaiienou eaeueoeey
Niaoeeoe/aneea aeieaoi?u eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia ( i?aiyonoaotho
aoiaeo eaeueoeey ).
Ieoaaeeiei e Aeeeoeacai – iaeaieaa au?aaeaii aeeyiea ia
eaeueoeeaaua eaiaeu ninoaeenoie noaiee.
I?eiaiaiea :
Iiiioa?aiey AA eaaeie e oia?aiiie noaiaie, eiiaeie?iaaiiay oa?aiey
anao noaiaiae
Eoie?iaaiea aeia?oiie/aneeo e?ecia, a oii /enea noaeeiaaaeueii.
Aeeo?aoeee – i?iecaiaeiua oeaceaeia – iiiioa?aiey.
NA?AeA*IUA N?AAeNOAA
N?aaee ia?ooaiee ?aaiou na?aeoea iiaeii auaeaeeoue :
a) na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue e
a) ia?ooaiey ?eoia
Iiyoiio na?aea/iua n?aaenoaa aeaeyony ia :
a) Ea?aeeioiie/aneea n?aaenoaa
Oaaee/eaaaony neea na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee, oeo/oaaony aaiiaeeiaieea.
a) Aioea?eoie/aneea n?aaenoaa
Ono?aiytho ?acee/iua a?eoiee, aeaenoaotho ia i?iaiaeyuoth nenoaio e
aicaoaeeiinoue na?aeoea.
Ea?aeeioiie/aneea_. :
1. Na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu
Aacacioenoua niaaeeiaiey ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
2. Eaioa?a
3. Ae?oaea ea?aeeioiie/aneea n?aaenoaa
Ia yaeythony ecae?aoaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie, aicaoaeaeaiea OeIN
(ei?aeeaiei ), aicaeaenoaea ia iae?iiaaeeaoi?u ( Aae?aiaeei ).
Iaia?noyiea_. ( Aeeaeoaeen )
Ioe?uoa a 1543 aiaeo E. Ooenii. Aaae a i?eiaiaiea 1785 aiaeo A.
Aeca?a?. Ii iienae aa iniiaiua naienoaa eae ii/aaiiiua. Iicaea iia auea
eco/aia Aioeeiui a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa aeey ea/aiey na?aea/iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
No?ioaio
Iieaeoea ninoieo ec 2-o /anoae : aeeeiia e aaeeeiia, a ninoaa
aaeeeiia aoiaeeo eaeoiiiia eieueoei. Aeeeii ( naoa?enoay /anoue )
ioaa/aao ca :
?anoai?eiinoue, o?ainii?o /a?ac eeaoi/iua iaia?aiu, o?iiiinoue e
aaeeai, nei?inoue auaaaeaiey.
Aaeeeii ii?aaeaeyao ea?aeeioiie/aneee yooaeo, ii no?oeoo?a
iaiiieiaao noa?ieaeiua ai?iiiu. ?ac?ua eaeoiiiiai eieueoea
oiaiueoaao eee ono?aiyao ea?aeeioiie/aneia aeaenoaea aeeeiceaea. Yoie
no?oeoo?ie ii?aaeaeythony e iaeioi?ua ieia?aeei?oeeieaeiua naienoaa
no?ioaioa. A caaeneiinoe io eiee/anoaa naoa?enouo /anoae iieaeoeu
na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu ?acaeaeythony ia iiiiceaeu, aeeiceaeu, .. e oae
aeaeaa ( ia aieaa 5 naoa?en ouo /anoae ).
?aiueoa_. na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu ?acaeaeyee ia 2 a?oiiu :
1. I?aia?aou aeey ea/aiey o?iie/aneie na?aea/iie iaaeinoa oi/iinoe
(“a?oiia Iaia?noyiee” )
2. I?aia?aou aeey ea/aiey ino?ie na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iin oe (
“a?oiia No?ioaioa” )
Ii n iiyaeaieai /enouo aeeeiceaeia ( aoi?e/iuo e o?aoe/iuo )
i?aia?aou iaia?noyiee i?eiaiythony e aeey ea/aiey ino?ie na?aea/iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Nae/an_. eeanneoeeaoeey ii ca?yaeaiiinoe iieaeoeu.
1. Iiey?iua
I?iecaiaeiua No?ioaioeia : Ei?aeeeii
Oi?ioi ?anoai?eiu, iaiaa eeiioeeueiua, ieioi ananuaathony a
aeaeoaei/iieeoa/iii o?aeoa, ii/oe ia naycuaathony n aaeeaie ieaciu,
iacia/athony aioo?eaaiii, i?eiaiythony aeey ea/aiey iaino?aiey eee
ino?ie na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
2. Iaiiey?iua
I?eia? i?aia?aoa : Aeeaeoienei, ana naienoaa i?ioeaiiieiaeiu,
i?eieiatho yioa?aeueii, eniieuecothony aeey ea/aiey o?iie/aneie
na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
3. Ioiineoaeueii iiey?iua
I?eia? i?aia?aoa : Aeeaienei ( Ecieaieae ), ana naienoaa
i?iiaaeooi/iu, eniieuecothony aeey ea/aiey e ino?ie e o?iie/aneie
na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Iaoaieci
Iauee aeey anao, 5 iniiaiuo aeaenoaee :
1. Iieiaeeoaeueiia eiio?iiiia oaaee/aiea neeu na?aea/iuo
nie?auaiee
2. Iieiaeeoaeueiia oiiio?iiiia oaaee/aiea oiiona ieiea?aea
3. Io?eoeaoaeueiia o?iiio?iiiia oiaiueoaiea /anoiou
na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee
4. Io?eoeaoaeueiia ae?iiio?iiiia ia?ooaiea i?iaaaeaiey
eiioeuena
5. Iieiaeeoaeueiia aaoiio?iiiia oaaee/aiea aicaoaeeiinoe,
ia?ooaiey ?eoia
Ea/aaiuie yooaeoaie yaeythony 1,2 e 3 aeaenoaey, 4 e 5 –
i?eciaee ia?aaeice?iaee.
1. Iieiaeeoaeueiia eiio?iiiia
Oaaee/aiea neeu na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee – ?acoeueoao i?yiiai aeaenoaey
ia ea?aeeiieioeeou ( i?iaa?aii ia eciee?iaaiiii na?aeoea ).
Na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu acaeiiaeaenoaotho n nianoaaiiuie ?aoeaioi?aie, iie
anoue a na?aeoea e OeIN. I?e acaeiiaeaenoaee ioe?uaathony eaeueoeeaaua e
iao?eaaua eaiaeu.
Ii?iaeueiia nie?auaiea ieiea?aea
Yoaiu :
1. Iaia?aiiiai yeaeo?iaaiaca
2. Nii?yaeaiey iaia?aiiiai yeaeo?iaaiaca n aeioeie/aneeie
i?ioeannaie
3. Iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeioeiee ia?aciaaiey aeoiieiceiiaiai
eiiieaena
4. Yia?aiiaania/aiea.
Iioaioeeae aeaenoaey ia?aaeaaony iaeaeaioeoeoee?iaaiiuie nenoaiaie
aioo?ue eeaoee :
a) Aua?in eaeueoeey ec na?eiieaciaoe/aneiai ?aoeeoeoia.
a) Oaaee/eaaaony aoiae eaeueoeey a eeaoeo /a?ac eaeueoeeaaua
eaiaeu, aeeth/aaony eaeueoeee-iao?eaaue ianin ( oiaiueoathuee auoiae
eaeueoeey ).
a) ?acei oaaee/eaaaony eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey aioo?e eeao ee.
Iiae aeeyieai eaeueoeey iaaeoeaiue aeiaoey?iue aeoei ia?aoiaeeo
a oea?eeey?ioth oi?io. Yoiio ia?aoiaeo i?aiyonoaotho eiiu eaeey.
Ia?iieiciua io?inoee ia ieiceia i?e nie?auaiee naycuaathony n
ieiceiiauie ?aoeaioi?aie ia aeoeia, aeaeaeaiea i?ienoiaeeo iooai
ioiineoaeueiiai niauaiey ieiceia e aeoeia ae?oa ioiineoaeueii ae?oaa,
eaoaeecaoi?ii yoie ?aaeoeee yaeyaony o?iiiieicei, eioi?ue enoiaeii
cae?uaaao ?aoeaioi?u ia aeoeia. Eaeueoeee acaeiiaeaenoaoao n aeoeaiie
a?oiiie o?iiiieiceia ( o?iiiieiii ) – ioe?uaathony ?aoeaioi?u –
i?ienoiaeeo a?aaouaa aeaeaeaiea.
Yia?aey : ieicei ?ac?ooaao AOO – eaeueoeee oaaee/eaaao
AOO-acioth aeoeaiinoue ieiceia. Yia?aaoe/aneea noano?aou – AOO,
AAeO, e?aaoei-oinoao. Eaeueoeee oaaee/eaaao iai?io AOO.
Aeeeiceaeu aicaeaenoaotho ia ana yoaiu_. :
1. Eaeoiiiia eieueoei aeiee?oao oa?iaiou n SH-a?oiiie a
eaeee-iao?eaaii ianina – ii ?aaioaao iaaeeaiiaa – eiiu ea eey, eioi?ua
oaea auoee ia aica?auathony – aeiieaeeaaenoey.
2. Oaaee/eaaaony aua?in eiiia eaeueoeey.
Oaaee/eaaaony eiee/anoai eaeueoeey, aoiaeyuaa /a?ac eaeueoeeaaua
eaiaeu. Ia?ooaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiea eaeee-iao?eaaiai ianina –
caaea?aeea auoiaea eaeueoeey – aua aieueoa oaaee/eaaaony eaeueoeeaaue
“caei”. Oaaee/aiiay eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey e aeaoeoeeo eaeey
i?eaiaeyo e onei?aieth ia?aciaaiey oea?eeey?iiai aeoeia ec
aeiaoey?iiai. Oaaee/aiea niaea?aeaiey eaeueoeey :
Oaaee/aiea nei?inoe acaeiiaeaenoaey aai n aeoeiii – onei?aiea
ioe?uoey ?aoeaioi?ia ia aeoeia.
Onei?aiea acaeiiaeaenoaey ieiceia n AOO + oaaee/aiea
AOO-aciie aeoeaiinoe ieiceia i?eaiaeeo e onei?aieth aeaeaeaiey –
onei?aiea ?anuaieaiey AOO ( oaaee/aiea yia?aiiaania/aiey).
Aeeeiceaeu :
1. Aeiee?otho aeoeaiue o?ainii?o eaoaoieaieiia e na?aeoeo –
oiaiueoaiea eo niaea?aeaiey a oeaiyo – eo aieueoa a aeoeaiie oi?ia
2. Ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea iao?ey e eaeey
Aunaiaiaeaeaiea eaeueoeey ec na?eiieaciaoe/aneiai ?aoeeoeoia –
eiio?iiiue yooaeo.
3. Oiaiueoaiea oaeoi?a ?anneaaeaiey ( ia eaeaioeoeoee?iaai ) Aua?in
eaeueoeey ec ?aoeeoeoia.
Iauee eoia aeeyiey ia iaiai.
Niaea?aeaiea aeeeiaaia – oiaiueoaaony, niaea?aeaiea eaeoaoa –
oiaiueoaaony, iio?aaeaiea aetheicu – oiaiueoaaony, iio?aaeaiea aee?iuo
eeneio – oaaee/eaaaony, iaiai AOO, AAeO, e?aaoeioinoaoa – oaaee/eaaaony,
niaea?aeaiea AOO, AAeO, e?aaoeioinoaoa – oaaee/eaaaony, iio?aaeaiea
eenei?iaea oiaiueoaaony eee ia eciaiyaony
A ?acoeueoaoa ia oieueei oaaee/eaaaony ?aaioa, ii e oaaee/eaaaony
yia?aaoe/aneee iaiai, ia i?eaiaey e aeaoeoeeoo eenei?iaea e oaaee/aieth
iio?aaeaiey aetheicu.
2. Io?eoeaoaeueiia o?iiio?iiiia (a iniiaa eaaeeo eiio?iiiia
aeaenoaea).
A?aaeeea?aeey ec-ca aeeth/aiey aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa :
a) neiiea?aeeaeueiue yooaeo
Anee oaaee/eaaaony ?aaioa na?aeoea – oaaee/eaaaony aeaaeaiea –
ia/eiatho ?aaae?iaaoue aa?i?aoeaioi?u neiiai?oaeueiie ciiu – eiioeuenu
eaeoo a yae?i aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa – caiaaeeaiea ?aaiou na?aeoea.
a) ea?aeeiea?aeeaeueiue yooaeo
I?e oaaee/aiee neeu nie?auaiey i?ienoiaeeo e aieaa neeueiia
naeaoea – ?aaae?otho niaoeeaeueiua ?aoeaioi?u, ?aniieiaeaiiua a naiii
ieiea?aea – eiioeuenu a yae?i aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa – caiaaeeaiea ?aaiou
na?aeoea.
Na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue nii?iaiaeaeaaony canoiai a
aaiiciie nenoaia, iniaaiii a onoueyo iieuo aai ( oai anoue ?aoeaioi?u
). *ai aieueoa canoie – oai aieueoa aeeyiea ia neiiaoe/aneea oeaio?u –
oaaee/aiea /anoiou nie?auaiee. Na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu oaaee/eaatho
?aaioo na?aeoea e ono?aiytho canoie.
Aeiiieieoaeueii, i?e aicaeaenoaee na?aea/iuo aeeeiceaeia
oiaiueoaaony aeiieney ( eioi?ay nieaeaao e?eoe/aneee o?iaaiue
aeaiiey?ecaoeee neioniaiai ocea ) – iaaeeaiiaa aicieeatho iioaioeeaeu
aeaenoaey – oiaiueoaaony /anoioa na?aea/iuo nie?aua iee.
Noiia?ii :
Oaaee/eaathony :
eiyooeoeeaio iieaciiai aeaenoaey, oaea?iue iauai, ianiniay
ooieoeey na?aeoea, ei?iia?iue e?iaioie, ieiooiue iauai e?iae (ia niio?y
ia caiaaeeaiea /anoiou nie?auaiee ), oee?eoeyoeey e?iae, aeaaeaiea,
nei?inoue e?iaioiea, ii/aioaeaeaiea ( oaaee/eaaaony ii/a/iue e?iaioie )
– nieaeaaony iauai oee?eoee?othuae e?iae.
Oiaiueoathony :
ia?eiae aeinoeaeaiey iaeneiaeueiiai iai?yaeaiey, inoaoi/iue iauai,
aaiiciia aeaaeaiea ( + oaaee/eaaaony oiion aai ), ii?oaeueiay
aeia?oaicey, canoie e?iae a oeaiyo – en/acatho ioaee.
Ia?aiao?u Iiey?iua Iaiiey?iua
Iieo/atho ec Iaia?noyiee, Ai?eoeaaoa No?ioaioa, Eaiaeuoa
Aeoeaiinoue 1000 – 4000 EAAe 8000 – 11000
Eoioeyoeey au?aaeaia ia au?aaeaia
Yooaeo /a?ac 30-50 ieioo 2-5 ieioo
Yioa?aeueiue eiyooeoeeaio = 1 iaiaa 0,1 – 0,2
Eaioa yeeieiaoeee 7-20 % aieaa 50 %
( aeiey auaaaeaiey ) Iiey?iua ia naycuaathony n aaeeaie –
auno?ue e neeueiue yooaeo e auno?ay yeeieiaoeey /a?ac ii/ee
EAAe – eioa/uey aaeeieoea aeaenoaey – eiee/anoai i?aia?aoa
aeinoaoi/iia aeey oiai, /oiau aucaaoue inoaiiaeo na?aeoea o eioee a
nenoieo.
I?aia?aou iaia?noyiee naycuaathony aei 80% – oee?eoee?otho ii
yioa?iia/aii/iiio e?oao :
AEaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iue o?aeo – ia/aiue – n aeae/ueth a AEEO – a
ia/aiue e oae aeaeaa.
N?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?aia?aoia Iaia?noyiee :
Aeeaienei Aeeaeoienei
Ananuaaaony 60 – 80 % aei 100 %
Naycuaaaony n aaeeaie 25 % 90 – 98 %
?ac?ooaaony a ia/aie 70% (30 % auaiaeeony a iaeciaiiii aeaea) 100%
Yioa?iia/aii/iay oee?eoeyoeey 6 – 8 %, aei 10 % aei 50 %
Ia?eiae iieoaeecie a ieacia 24 – 48 /ania aei 5 aeiae
Oa?aiaaoe/aneay eiioeaio?aoeey 0,5 – 2,0 iaiia/ie 20-35 ia/ie
Aeoeaiinoue 4000 – 5000 1500 – 2000
A?aiy iaeneiaeueiiai yooaeoa 4-6 /ania 6-12 /ania
Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey iinea ioiaiu aei iaaeaee aei 18-20 aeiae
Iaaeinoaoie na?aea/iuo aeeeeiceaeia – i/aiue iaeaiueeay oa?aiaaoe/aneay
oe?ioa
Noaoa?aiaaoe/aneay aeica 0.8 20
Oa?aiaaoe/aneay 0.9-2.0 20-35
Oiene/aneay 3.0 45-50
Eioieneeaoeey
?acei au?aaeaiiay a?aaeeea?aeey n iiyaeaieai ae?iiio?iiiiai
aeaenoaey ( ao?ei-aaio?eeoey?iay caaea?aeea ).
1. Oiaiueoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee eaeey – ia?ooaiea i?iaaaeaiey
2. Aeie SH-a?oii oa?iaioia – ia?ooaiea i?iaaaeaiey
3. Oaaee/aiea eioa?aaea PQ ( eee iieiue ao?ei-aaio?eeoey?iue
aeie ) – aeieaeii ianoi?iaeeoue ( oiene/aneia aeaenoaea ).
Anee aeica aua oaaee/aia – i?iyaeyaony aaoiio?iiiia aeaenoaea
1. Oaaee/aiea aoiaea eaeueoeey – aieaa e?ooia ia?anoaiea
aeaiiey?ecaoeee
2. Oiaiueoaiea eaeey – nieaeaiea o?iaiy e?eoe/aneie
aeaiiey?ecaoeee
3. Ia?ooaiea ao?ei-aaio?eeoey?iie i?iaiaeeiinoe
Ana yoi i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi aeaeoaei/ee ia/eiatho
nie?auaoueny iacaaeneii io i?aaena?aeee – yaiay aeeeiceaeiay
eioieneeaoeey – o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiiai ea/aiey : i?aia?aou eaeey,
eiiieaeniiu, naycuaathuea eaeueoeee ( iaaieaaay e iao?eaaay niee
YAeOA – yoeeaiaeeaieioao?aoenoniie eeneiou ), aeiiaoi?u SH-a?oii,ia
caiaaea – aaaaeaiea aioeoae e Aeeaeoaeeno ( Iaia?noyiea ).
Iiai/ii :
1. Oioiioa e ?aioa, a oii /enea i?e ia?aioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee (
oeaio?aeueiia aeaenoaea – ?aoeaioi?u a ?aioiii oeaio?a).
2. Ia?ooaiey c?aiey, enaioiiney ( aeaeaiea anaai a aeaeoii naaoa ).
3. Aieiaiua aiee, aieiaie?oaeaiea
4. Iae?ioiene/aneea ia?ooaiey aei aeaee?eaa En/acatho oieueei i?e
ioiaia i?aia?aoia
Oaeoi?u oaaee/eaathuea /oanoaeoaeueiinoue e na?aea/iui aeeeiceaeai
1 Iiaeeeie aic?ano
2 Au?aaeaiiay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ( iicaeiyy noaaeey )
3 Eaai/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, aeiieney
4 Ii/a/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue
5 Yeaeo?ieeoiua ia?ooaiey ( iniaaiii aeiieaeeaiey )
6 Ia?ooaiey eeneioii-iniiaiiai ninoiyiey ( iiyoiio eiiaeie?otho
n aeeo?aoeeaie )
Eaioa?a
Yooaeo neaaaa na?aea/iuo aeeeiceaeia, yaeyaony i?aia?aoii auai?a
i?e eaai/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ( ?aoeaeoi?iay noeioeyoeey aeuoaiey ),
yaeyaony iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiui aauanoaii – auoaniyao oieneiu.
Iaaeinoaoee :
Ianeyiue ?anoai? – iiyoiio aaiaeeony iiaeeiaeii – aieaciaiii,
iaaeeaiii ?acaeaaaony yooaeo – i?eiaiyaony iiyoiio ia i?e
/?acau/aeiuo ninoiyieyo.
Ae?oaea
Ia aeieaeiu i?eiaiyoueny. Oaaee/eaatho ?aaioo na?aeoea ia 20%, ii
i?e yoii a 5-7 ?ac oaaee/eaatho iio?aaeaiea na?aeoeai eenei?iaea.
I?eiaiythony i?e ea?aeeiaaiiii oiea – Aeioaiei. Noeioee?oao na?aeoea +
?anoe?yao ninoaeu, Aeiaooaiei aieaa yooaeoeaai ( naeaeoeaiue aaoa-1
ieiaoee ).
AEIA?EAEEYIEss
1. Caaieaaaiey ii/ae Nae?aoe?othony a aeenoaeueiuo
eaiaeueoeao. Eaeee-naa?aaathuaai
iaoaiecia iao.
2. Aeaoeoeeo aeueaeinoa?iia
3. Ia?aaeice?iaea E-i?aia?aoia.
Aeey neioaca aaeea e aeeeiaaia o?aaoaony aeinoaoi/ii aieueoia
eiee/anoai eaeey.
Eciaiaiea iiaa?oiinoiiai iioaioeeaea eeaoee, eciaiaiey aeoeaiinoe
ieiea?aea, ia?ooaiey i?iaiaeeiinoe n ia?aoiaeii ia naiinoiyoaeueiue
?eoi, i?ae?auaiea aicaoaeeiinoe ieiea?aea aneaaenoaea iaaiciiaeiinoe
aicieeiiaaiey eeaoi/iiai iioaioeeaea.
AEIIEAEEYIEss
Iia?aoeee ia AEEO, iiiinu, ?aiou, oiaiueoaiea iio?aaeaiey
eaeey, i?eiaiaiea eiiiiaiaiiuo aauanoa, aoeeaeic, aeeaeic (ia
eiiiaine?iaaiiue a oa/aiee 5-6 aeiae ).
Oiaiueoaiea iuoa/iie aeoeaiinoe, oiaiueoaiea i?iaiaeeiinoe e
aicaoaeeiinoe iuoa/iie oeaie.
?aaoeyoeey iaiaia eaeueoeey
Ia?aoai?iii – caaea?aeea eaeueoeey a e?iae ( oaaee/aiea
?aaani?aoeee eaeueoeey a ii/eao ).
Aeoaiei A3 – o?ainii?o eaeueoeey ec eeoa/ieea a einoue
(inneoeeaoeey einoe ).
Eaeueoeeoiiei – iinooieaiea eaeueoeey ec e?iae a einoue.
I?IOEAIA?EOIE*ANEEA N?AAeNOAA
Iauay oa?iaeieiaey
Iiey?ecaoeey oeeoiieaciaoe/aneie iaia?aiu caaeneo io ?aaiou
eaeee-iao?eaaiai ianinia, eioi?ua no?aaeatho i?e eoaiee – a?eoiee.
Aaoiiaoeci
*anoioa iiaeao auoue eciaiaia i?e :
1) onei?aiea aeeanoiee/aneie aeaiiey?ecaoeee
2) oiaiueoaiea ii?iaiaiai iioaioeeaea
3) eciaiaiea iioaioeeaea iieiy
Iaoaieci a?eoiee eae iauaeo oa?iaeieiae/aneiai aeaenoaey
a) eciaiaiea i?iaaaeaiey eiioeuena
a) eciaiaiey aaia?aoeee eiioeuena
a) ni/aoaiea a) e a)
Eciaiaiea ii?iaeueiiai aaoiiaoecia. Iiyaeaiea yeoiie/aneiai
i/aaa.?aiiyy eee iicaeiyy neaaeiaay aeaiiey?ecaoeey.Caiaaeeaiea auno?uo
ioaaoia. Iiyaeaiea iaaeeaiiuo ioaaoia. Iaoaieci re entry ( e?oa
aicaoaeaeaiey – iiaoi?iia nie?auaiea – aeaeoaei/eiaay oaoeea?aeey ).
A?eoiiaaiiui aeaenoaeai iaeaaeatho :
Eaoaoieaieiu, neiiaoiieiaoeee, oieeiieeoeee, eciaiaiea
eeneioii-iniiaiiai ?aaiiaaney, iaeioi?ua iauea aianoaoeee (oeeeeii?iiai
), enaioei, yooeeeei, oe?aieaeiua ai?iiiu, eoaiey e ainiaeaiey
na?aeoea.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1 Aeieaoi?u iao?eaauo eaiaeia
a?oiia A: oia?aiiia oaiaoaiea oacu 0, caiaaeeaiea i?iaaaeaiey
eiioeuena, onei?aiea ?aiiey?ecaoeee (Oeieaeei, Iiaieaeiaieae,
aeacieneie?aieae)
a?oiia A: ieieiaeueiia oaiaoaiea 0 oacu e caiaaeeaiea
aeaiiey?ecaoeee, oiaiueoaiea i?iaaaeaiey (Eeaeieaei, Aeioaiei,
Iaeneeaoei)
a?oiia N: au?aaeaiiia oaiaoaiea 0 oacu, e caiaaeeaiea i?iaaaeaiey
(I?iiaoaiii (?eoiiii?i,I?iiaii?i))
2 Aeieaoi?u aaoa-2 aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia (Iaceaeai)
3 Aeieaoi?u eaeeaauo eaiaeia: I?ieae, Aieiaea?ii, Nioaeie
4 Aeieaoi?u eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia: Aa?aiaiee, Aeeeoeacai.
Iniiaiua iaoaieciu aeaenoaey i?ioeaia?eoie/aneeo n?aaenoa.
Aeaieiua no?aeee a noaia iaicia/atho oaiaoathuaa aeaenoaea.
I?aia?aou a?oiiu A
Oeieaeei:
Io?eoeaoaeueiia eiio?iiiia aeaenoaea,ia YEA: oaaee/eaathony QRST
e QT.
Oa?iaeieeiaoeea i?aia?aoia a?oiiu A:
Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey = 6 /ania, i?aia?ao /a?ac 4-10 /ania
?ac?ooaaony. I?e eiaeoeoeee oeeoio?iia ?450 (?eoaiieoeei, aa?aeoo?aou)
i?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiea ?ac?ooaiey oeieaeeia a ia/aie.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
1 Io?eoeaoaeueiia eiio?iiiia aeaenoaea
2 Na?aea/iua aeieaaeu
3 Oiaiueoaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey
4 ?acae?aaeaiea neecenoie aeaeoaeea
5 Ia?ooaiea c?aiey
Iiaieaeiaieae
Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey = 3 /ana. I?eiaiyaony i?e ia?ieneciaeueiuo
a?eoieyo, iiai/ii: oiaiueoaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey, iiaeao auoue
iaino?aiea aeaoeiiu. Eo?n ea/aiey ia aieaa 3 ianyoeaa, i?e aieaa
aeeeoaeueiii – iiaeao auoue eiioiiay iaoieiaey ii oeio aie/aiee.
Aeeciie?aieae_. ioee/aaony i?ieiiae?iaaiiui aeaenoaeai (ia?eiae
iieoauaaaeaiey = 6 /ania)7
Aeiaeei_. aoiaeeo a ninoaa “Ioeuenii?i”a, iaeaaeaao
neiiaoieeoe/aneei yooaeoii. Oeieaeeiiiaeiaiia aeaenoaea,
ia?aiineiinoue – eo/oa.
Yoiicei_. – iyaeee, oeieaeeiiiiaeiaiue, iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiue
yooaeo.
Yoaoeecei_. – aieaa i?iaeieaeeoaeueiue yooaeo.
Nouanoaotho i?aia?aou:Aaiiaei?, Oe?aoeeeeei.
I?aia?aou a?oiiu A
Eeaeieaei
Iaiaa i?i/ii naycuaaaony n iao?eaauie eaiaeaie, aieaa naeaeoeaai i?e
aeaeoaei/eiauo a?eoieyo (oae eae naycuaaaony n aeaiiey?eciaaiiuie
eeaoeaie, o eioi?uo iioaioeeae aeaenoaey a aeaeoaei/eao aieueoa).
Iaeay aeiaeinooiiinoue, ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey 1.5 – 2 /ana. Aaiaeeony
aioo?eaaiii. I?eiaiyaony i?e aeaeoaei/eiauo a?eoieyo, iniaaiii i?e
iaioeiaeiuo ninoiyieyo, a ea?aeeioe?o?aee, aeey ea/aiey aeeeiceaeiie
eioieneeaoeee.
Iaeneeaoei_. aeiaeinooiiinoue aei 90%.
Aeeoaiei
Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey = 6-24 /ania,a caaeneiinoe io aeicu.
Iiaeao iiaeaaeyoue iaoaaieeci aioeeiaaoeyioiuo, ineoio?iiiuo
i?aia?aoia.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea i?aia?aoia a?oiiu A: oiaiueoaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai
aeaaeaiey
Eciaiaiea ia YEA: oiaiueoaiea eioa?aaea QT.
I?aia?aou a?oiiu N
Aieiaea?ii
Oaaee/aiea eioa?aaea PQ, ia 100% naycuaaaony n aaeeaie ieaciu.
Ia?eiae auaaaeaiey = 20 aeiae, neaaeiaaoaeueii iiauoaaony ?ene
ia?aaeice?iaee e eoioeyoeee – i?aia?ao ioiineony e ?aca?aiui.
A?aoeeee_. (I?ieae)
Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaai i?e aeaeoaei/eiauo a?eoieyo.
Aeieaoi?u eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia
Ieoaaeeiei, Aa?aiaiee, Aeeeoeacai.
Aa?aiaiee
Oaaee/aiea eioa?aaeia ?? e ?Q. Aieaa i?eaioe?iaai ia i?aaena?aeiua
a?eoiee (aiciiaeii i?eiaiaiea na?aea/iuo aeeeiceaeia, ieo?aoia).
II*AAIIIUA N?AAeNOAA (aeeo?aoeee)
Iniiaiua iieacaiey
Iieacaiea Oeaeue E?eoa?ee i?aia?aoa
Ioaee Auaaaeaiea ecauoea aeeaeeinoe Naeo?aoeee
Ino?ay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue Aaiiaeeiaie/aneay ?aca?ocea
Naeo?aoeee (aaaeia auno?ioa e neea aeaenoaey)
A?oa?eaeueiay aeia?oaicey Ono?aiaiea iao?ee-caaeneiuo oaeoi?ia
iaoiaaiaca aeia?oiiee Naeo?aoeee (nio?aiytho aeoeaiinoue i?e
aeeeoaeueiii i?e aia)
Ino?ay ii/a/ay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue I?iiuaea ii/ae, oaeaeaiea iao?ioieneiia
Aunieee yooaeo, auno?ia ianooieaiea yooaeoa
Io?aaeaiey Auaaaeaiea oieneiia
Ianoiua ia?ooaiey aaiiaeeiaieee (aeaoeiia) Aeaaeae?aoaoeey,
iooyaeaaiea aeeaeeinoe
Iao?ii eae ieoaiue oa?iaeiaeaenoaey
1 Oneeaiea eeoai/eiaie oeeueo?aoeee (aiciiaeii, a iniiaiii ia
oiia nieaeaiey aaiiaeeiaieee o iaoeeaioa).
2 Ia?ooaiea eaiaeueoeaaie ?aaani?aoeee iao?ey e oei?a
3 Aioaaiienou aeueaeinoa?iia
4 Aioaaiienou aioeaeeo?aoe/aneiai ai?iiia
1 Iniioe/aneea aeeo?aoeee
Ia?ooatho eiioeaio?aoeeiiioth niiniaiinoue ii/ae. Aaaaeaiea
aieueoie aeicu iaiaoaaieece?oaiiai aauanoaa, eioi?ia ieioi
?aaani?ae?oaony e oi?ioi oeeueo?oaony. Aaiaeeony a e?iaue, /oi i?eaiaeeo
e oaaee/aieth iauaia aeia?iniioe/iie eaiaeueoeaaie ii/e e
oaaee/aieth nei?inoe oiea ii/e — oaaee/aiea iioa?ue aiaeu e
yeaeo?ieeoia.
Iaiieoie
Iniaaiiinoe : ?ani?ino?aiyaony oieueei ii aiaeeaoi/iiio naeoi?o.
Aaiaeeoue aioo?eaaiii, eaiaeueii.
Ii/aaeia
Iniaaiiinoe : ?ani?ino?aiyaony ii anai naeoi?ai, iiiaaeay ai
aioo?eeeaoi/iue naeoi? i?eaiaeeo ei aoi?e/iie aeia?aeae?aoaoeee.
I?eiaiyaony aioo?eaaiii eee aioo?ue.
Aeeoea?ei
I?eiaiyaony aioo?ue.
Iieacaiey
Iaioeiaeiua iieacaiey aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey oaaee/aiey aioo?e/a?aiiiai
aeaaeaiey i?e eioa?eoao e einoeueoao, aeaoeiia (iniaaiii ino?ay),
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ino?ie ii/a/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe (a ieeao?e/aneie
oaca), io?aaeaiey (+ aaiiaeeeethoeey).
Eeanneoeeaoeey
Oeieei-oa?iaeieiae/aneay Eieaeecaoeey Ii neea aeaenoaey
I?iecaiaeiua enaioeia Eeoai/ae Oia?aiiia,neaaia
Iniioe/aneea aeeo?aoeee I?ieneiaeueiua eaiaeueoeu Neeueiia
Eiaeaeoi?u ea?aiaiaeae?acu I?ieneiaeueiua eaiaeueoeu Neaaia
Iaoeaaua aeeo?aoeee Ainoiaeyuay /anoue iaoee Neeueiua
?oooue-niaea?aeauea Ainoiaeyuay /anoue iaoee Neeueiua
Oeaceaeu, oeaceaeiiiaeiaiua Ia/aeueiue naaiaio aeenoaeueiiai eaiaeueoea
Oia?aiiia
Eaeee-naa?aaathuea Aeenoaeueiue eaiaeaoe, niae?aoaeueiua o?oai/ee Neaaia
2 Iaoeaaua aeeo?aoeee
Oo?inaieae (eaceen), Aoiaoaaeei (aooaiien),
Yoae?eiiaay eeneioa (o?aaeae) ¦
Eiaeie?eiii ¦ I?iecaiaeiua yoae?eiiaie eeneiou
Oee?eiaoai ¦
Ieoaie
1 Iao?eaaua eaiaeu eeaoee
2 Ni/aoaiiue o?ainii?o iao?ey,eaeey e 2-o eiiia oei?a.
3 Iaiai iao?ey ia eaoeiiu aiaei?iaea
4 O?ainii?o iao?ey n oei?ii
O?ainii?o iao?ey
O?ainoeaeethey?iue Ia?aoeaeethey?iue
Oo?inaieae
Nae?aoe?oaony ii/eaie, eiaeae?oao iao?eaaue iioaioeeae, i?eaiaeeo e
oaaee/aieth iioa?ue eaeueoeey e iaaiey. Ninoaei?anoe?ythuee yooaeo
/a?ac 10-15 ieioo iinea aaaaeaiey aei ?acaeoey nianoaaiii
aeeo?aoe/aneiai aeaenoaey.
I?eiaiaiea
Ino?ay eaaiaeaeoaei/eiaay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, aeia?oiie/aneee
e?ec, ioae eaaeeo, ino?ay e o?iie/aneay ii/a/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue,
aeaoeiia, ino?ua io?aaeaiey, ioae iicaa.
Iiai/iua yooaeou
Aeiioei?aie/aneee aeeaeic (eiiu oei?a caiauaaony
aeea?aiiao-eiiaie), aeiieaeeaiey, aeiiiao?eaiey, i?oinoaoe/aneea
?aaeoeee, o?iiaiyiaiee/aneea ?aaeoeee, ia?ooaiea neooa, iiaeaa?a,
aeia?aeeeaiey, ?acae?aaeaiea neecenoie (Yoae?eiiaay eeneioa).
3 ?oooue-niaea?aeauea aeeo?aoeee
Iiao?eo (i?aaie/aneia niaaeeiaiea ?oooe ia aaca oaioeeeeia).
Iacia/aiea /a?ac 1-2 iaaeaee, iaeneiaeueiia aeaenoaea /a?ac 6-12 /ania.
4 Oeaceaeu e oeaceaeiiiaeiaiua
Aeeoeioeaceae, Oeeeeiiaoeiceae, Oei?oaeeaeii (Ieniaeieei),
Oeiiaieae (Aa?eiaeueaeeen).
Ieoaiue – o?ainii?o iao?ey e oei?a a ia/aeueiii naaiaioa
aeenoaeueiiai eaiaeueoea (yeaeo?iiaeo?aeueiay iiiia) — yeaeo?ieeoiua
iioa?e (iao?ee, oei?, eaeee, i?ioiiu aiaei?iaea), caaea?aeea auaaaeaiey
eaeueoeey (oaaee/eaaaony aai ?aaani?aoeey).
Iieacaiey
1 Ioaee ethaiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey (iao oiea?aioiinoe)
2 A?oa?eaeueiay aeia?oaicey
3 Aeaoeiia, ?aoeeaeeae?othuee iao?ieeoeac
Oeaceaeu aucuaatho :
1 Oiaiueoaiea iauaia oee?eoee?othuae e?iae
2 Oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa iao?ey a noaiea ninoaeia —
a) oiaiueoaiea ioaea noaiee ninoaea — oiaiueoaiea iauaai
ia?eoa?e/aneiai nii?ioeaeaiey ninoaeia
a) oiaiueoaiea oiiona ieioeeoia — oiaiueoaiea iauaai ia?eoa?e/aneiai
nii?ioeaeaiey ninoaeia
Iiai/ii
Aeiieaeeaiey, aeiiiao?eaiey, aeia?eaeueoeeaiey, aeia?aeeeaiey,
aeeaeic, oaaee/aiea o?iaiy oieanoa?eia e o?eaeeoea?eaeia.
5 Eiaeaeoi?u ea?aiaiaeae?acu
Aeeaea?a
Auaaaeaiea iaeaoo/eo eeneio n nio?aiaieai uaei/iiai ?aca?aa,
oaaee/aiea iioa?ue iao?ey, aeae?iea?aiiaoa, eaeey, naeaea eeneioiinoe
ii/e a uaei/ioth noi?iio, a ieaciu a eeneoth – aoeeaeic. E Aeeaea?ao
aicieeaao auno?ay oiea?aioiinoue a oa/aiee 3-4 aeiae — iiyoiio oe?iei
eniieuecoaony :
1 A iooaeueiieiaee aeey oa?aiee aeaoeiiu oae eae ea?aiaiaeae?aca
oaaee/eaaao i?eoie aeeaeeinoe e aeaciiio yaeieo
2 Eae aioenae?aoi?iue i?aia?ao i?e aeia?aoeeaeiuo ninoiyieyo
aeaeoaei/iieeoa/iiai o?aeoa
6 Eaeee-naa?aaathuea aeeo?aoeee
1 Aioaaiienou aeueaeinoa?iia
Nie?iiieaeoii (aeaenoaotho aai iaoaaieeou) – eiieo?aioiue aioaaiieno
aeueaeinoa?iia. Oiaiueoaiea auaaaeaiey eaeey e aiaei?iaea, oaaee/aiea
auaaaeaiey iao?ey e aiaeu.
I?eiaiaiea
a) Aeia?aeueaeinoa?iieci
a) A ni/aoaiee n ae?oaeie aeeo?aoeee
2 Aieei?eae (aeieaoi? iao?eaauo eaiaeia — caaea?aeea eaeey),
O?eaioa?ai
7 I?iecaiaeiua enaioeia
Oaia?iiei, Oaioeeeei, Yooeeeei.
1 Ea?aeeioiie/aneee yooaeo (oaaee/aiea na?aea/iiai aua?ina)
2 ?anoe?aiea ninoaeia ii/ae . 1 e 2 i?eaiaeeo e oeo/oaieth
ii/a/iiai e?iaioiea —
a) oaaee/aiea oeeueo?aoeee
a) oiaiueoaiea au?aaioee ?aieia — oiaiueoaiea au?aaioee
aeueaeinoa?iia — oiaiueoaiea au?aaioee iao?ey
Eiiaeie?iaaiiua: Iiaeo?aoee = Aeae?ioei?oeaceae + Aieei?eae,
O?eaiio? = Aeae?ioei?oeaceae + Oeaio?ai, Aaeaeueoai =
Aeae?ioei?oeaceae + ?aca?iei + Aeeaeae?ieacei, Yceae?aen
8 Oeoiaeeo?aoeee
Eeno Oieieiyiee, ieiaeu Iiaeaeaaaeueieea, o?aaa Oaiua iieaaiai,
Aaneeae, eeno A?onieee, aa?aciaua ii/ee.
I?AIA?AOU AEEssTHUEA IA OOIEOeETH AeUOAIEss
Iaoaieciu a?iioiiano?oeoeaiiai neiae?iia:
1 A?iioiniaci
2 Ioae neecenoie a?iioia a ?acoeueoaoa ainiaeaiey
3 Caeoii?ea i?inaaoa iie?ioie:
a) iie?iou neeoeii iiiai – aeia?e?eiey
a) iie?ioa iiauoaiiie ayceinoe – aeene?eiey
Iooe ai?ueau n a?iioiiano?oeoeaiui neiae?iiii
1 Ono?aiaiea a?iioiniacia
2 Oiaiueoaiea ioaea
3 Oeo/oaiea iooiaeaeaiey iie?iou
Oeceieiae/aneea iaoaieciu ?aaoeyoeee oiiona a?iioia
1 Neiiaoe/aneay aaaaoaoeaiay ia?aiay nenoaia
2 Ia?aneiiaoe/aneay aaaaoaoeaiay ia?aiay nenoaia
Ia?aneiiaoe/aneay
Ia anai i?ioyaeaiee a?iioeaeueiiai aea?aaa ?aniieiaeaiu
I-oieeii?aoeaioi?u. ?aoeaioi? naycai n iaia?aiiui oa?iaioii –
aoaieeaooeeeeacie. Yoio oa?iaio eaoaeece?oao ?aaeoeeth i?aa?auaiey AOO a
oeeeee/aneoth oi?io AIO. I?e aeoeaaoeee ?aoeaioi?a i?ienoiaeeo
iaeiieaiea oeAIO — ioe?uaathony eaeueoeeaaua eaiaeu. Aiaeeaoi/iue
eaeueoeee iinooiaao aioo?ue eeaoee. Eiaaea eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey
a eeaoea aeinoeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiiai cia/aiey naycaiiue eaeueoeee auoiaeeo
ec aeaii (ieoioiiae?ee, eiiieaena Aieueaeaee). Iauay eiioeaio?aoeey
eaeueoeey oaaee/eaaaony, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aieaa neeueiiio nie?auaieth —
oiion aeaaeeeo iuooe a?iioia iiauoaaony — a?iioiniaci –> a ea/anoaa
ea/aiey iiaeii eniieueciaaoue I-oieeiieeoeee.
Neiiaoe/aneay
Yooaeo aeoeaaoeee aaoa-1 aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia.
1 Na?aeoea – oaaee/aiea:
*anoiou na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee, neeu nie?auaiee, oiiona
na?aea/iie iuooeu, nei?inoe ao?eiaaio?eeoey?iie i?iaiaeeiinoe,
aicaoaeeiinoe —> ea?aeeinoeioeyoeey.
2 AEe?iaay oeaiue – eeiieec
3 Ii/ee (thenoaaeiia?oey?iue aiia?ao) – aunaiaiaeaeaiea ?aieia
Yooaeo aeoeaaoeee aaoa-2 aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia
1 A?iioe (i?aeiouanoaaiiia ianoi ?aniieiaeaiey) – aeeeyoaoeey
2 Neaeaoiay ioneoeaoo?a – oaaee/aiea aeeeiaaiieeca
3 Ia?eoa?e/aneea ninoaeu – ?anneaaeaiea
4 Oeaiue iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu – oaaee/aiea aunaiaiaeaeaiey
einoeeia – oiaiueoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee aetheicu a e?iae.
5 Eeoa/iee – oiaiueoaiea oiiona e ia?enoaeueoeee
6 Iaoea – ?anneaaeaiea.
?aniieiaeaiea ?aoeaioi?ia i?eaaaeaii aeey aeaiiino?aoeee
aiciiaeiuo iiai/iuo yooaeoia.
Aaoa-2 aae?aii?aoeaioi?u naycaiu n iaia?aiiui oa?iaioii
aaeaieeaooeeeeacie, eioi?ay eaoaeece?oao ?aaeoeeth i?aa?auaiey AOO a
oeAIO. I?e iaeiieaiee ii?aaeaeaiiie eiioeaio?aoeee oeAIO eaeueoeeaaua
eaiaeu cae?uaathony – oiaiueoaaony eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey aioo?e
eeaoee – eaeueoeee iinooiaao a aeaii – oiion iuooe oiaiueoaaony –
i?ienoiaeeo a?iioiaeeeyoaoeey –> a ea/anoaa ea/aiey iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue aae?aiiieiaoeee.
Iaeei ec iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?iuo i?eia?ia a?iioiiano?oeoeaiiai
neiae?iia – a?iioeaeueiay anoia_.. A?iioeaeueiay anoia –
iaiaeii?iaeiia ii iaoaiecio caaieaaaiea:
a) Aoiie/aneee aa?eaio (“enoeiiay” a?iioeaeueiay anoia) –
a?iioiiano?oeoeey a ioaao ia ano?a/o ni no?iai niaoeeoe/iui
aeea?aaiii.
a) Eioaeoeeiiiicaaeneiay a?iioeaeueiay anoia – iao /aoeie
caaeneiinoe io aeea?aaia, eiie?aoiue aeea?aai ia auyaeyaony.
A aoiie/aneii aa?eaioa i?e iiaoi?iie ano?a/a n aioeaaiii
i?ienoiaeeo aeaa?aioeyoeey oo/iuo eeaoie – aunaiaiaeaeaaony aenoaiei.
N?aaee yooaeoia aenoaieia – a?iioieiino?eeoeey.
Nouanoaoao 2 oeia aenoaieiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia. A aeaiiii neo/aa
?anniao?eaathony aenoaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u 1 oeia, iaoiaeyueany a noaiea
a?iioia. Iaoaieci aeaenoaey – aiaeiae/ai iaoaiecio aeaenoaey
I-oieeii?aoeaioi?ia – eiae/ii auei au i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi iiaeii
i?eiaiyoue aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u, ii aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u ia i?eiaiythony.
Aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u yaeythony eiaeaeoi?aie eiieo?aioiiai oeia, a i?e
a?iioeaeueiie anoia aenoaieia auaeaeyaony ianoieueei iiiai, /oi ii
auoaniyao aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u ec nayce n ?aoeaioi?ii.
?aaeueiua iaoaieciu ai?ueau n ecauoi/iui
eiee/anoaii aenoaieia
1 Noaaeeecaoeey iaia?ai oo/iuo eeaoie
2 Iiauoaiea onoie/eainoe oo/iuo eeaoie e aeaa?aioee?othuei
aaaioai.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1 A?iioiniaciieeoeee
1.1 Iae?io?iiiua
1.1.1 Aae?aiiieiaoeee
1.1.2 I-oieeiieeoeee
1.2 Ieio?iiiua
2 I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiua n?aaenoaa
3 Iooa?eeaathuea n?aaenoaa (n?aaenoaa, ?aaoee?othuea auaaaeaiea
iie?iou)
Aeiiieieoaeueiua n?aaenoaa – i?ioeaiiee?iaiua (oieueei i?e
iaee/ee eioaeoeee)
Aae?aiiieiaoeee
1 Aeueoa- e aaoa-aae?aiiieiaoeee (ianaeaeoeaiua) Aae?aiaeeia
aeae?ioei?eae, Yoaae?eia aeae?ioei?eae, Aeyoaae?ei
2 Aaoa-1 e aaoa-2 aae?aiiieiaoeee
Ecaae?ei (Iiaiae?ei, Yonie?ai), I?oeei?aiaeeia noeueoao (Anoiiiaio,
Aeoiaio)
3 Aaoa-2 aae?aiiieiaoeee (naeaeoeaiua)
a) n?aaeiae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeaenoaey Oaiioa?ie (Aa?ioae),
Naeaooaiie (Aaioiiee), Oa?aooieei, (A?eeaeei), Aaenii?aiaeei
(Ei?aaeie).
a) aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey
Eeaiaooa?ie (Eiio?aniaciei), Naeiaoe?ie (Na?aeaio), Oi?iioa?ie
(Oi?aaeee).
Aae?aiaeei
Iaeaaeaao neeueiie a?iioiaeeeyoe?othuae e aioeaiaoeeaeoe/aneie
aeoeaiinoueth, aeiiieieoaeueii aeeyao ia aeueoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?u
ninoaeia – niaci – oiaiueoaiea ioaea.
Iiai/ii:
1 Niaci ia?eoa?e/aneeo ninoaeia (aeeyiea ia
aeueoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?u) – oaaee/aiea iauaai ia?eoa?e/aneiai
nii?ioeaeaiey ninoaeia – oaaee/aiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey.
2 Yooaeou ea?aeeinoeioeyoeee (oaoeea?aeey, oaaee/aiea
aicaoaeeiinoe na?aeoea — a?eoiee).
3 ?anoe?aiea c?a/ea, iuoa/iue o?aii?, aeia?aeeeaiey, oaiaoaiea
ia?enoaeueoeee.
Ii i?e/eia aieueoiai eiee/anoaa iiai/iuo yooaeoia aeey ea/aiey
a?iioeaeueiie anoiu i?eiaiyaony oieueei anee iao ae?oaeo i?aia?aoia.
I?eiaiyaony aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia oaeoouey: 0.3-0.5 ie iiaeeiaeii.
Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 3-5 ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey ieiei
2-o /ania. Auno?i ?acaeaaaony oaoeoeeaeney (oiaiueoaiea yooaeoa io
eaaeaeiai iineaaeothuaai i?eaia i?aia?aoa).
Yoaae?ei
A oaaeaoe?iaaiiie oi?ia i?eiaiyaony aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
i?enooiia oaeoouey, i?e aaaaeaiee iiaeeiaeii eee aioo?eiuoa/ii – aeey
eoie?iaaiey eo. A oaaeaoe?iaaiiie oi?ia ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 40-60
ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 3-3.5 /ana.Iaeaaeaao iaiueoei,
/ai o aae?aiaeeia n?iaenoaii e aeueoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ai, iiyoiio
aucuaaao iaiueooth aeia?aeeeaieth e ea?aeeinoeioeyoeeth. I?iieeaao
/a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea? e aucuaaao i?eaueaiea e
i?eno?anoea – “yoaae?iiiay oieneeiiaiey”. Aneaaenoaea yoiai yooaeoa
iiaeeaaeeo iniaiio o/aoo e, neaaeiaaoaeueii iaoaeiaai a i?eiaiaiee.
Yoaae?ei aoiaeeo a ninoaa eiiaeie?iaaiiuo i?aia?aoia:
A?iioieeoei, Nieooai, Oaioaae?ei.
Ecaae?ei_. – eniieuecoaony ?aaeei.
I?oeei?aiaeeia noeueoao
A eiaaeyoeeiiiie oi?ia i?eiaiyaony aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia
oaeoouey. Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 40-50 naeoiae, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey 1.5 /ana. A oaaeaoeao i?eiaiyaony aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
i?enooiia. Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 5-10 ieioo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey 4 /ana.
Nouanoaoao oaeay eaea?noaaiiay oi?ia, eae ay?iciee. A eo ninoaa
aoiaeeo ?aiaeeaio – aauanoai, eeiyuaa i?e ieceie oaiia?aoo?a e
niinianoaothuaa ?aniueaieth i?aia?aoa. Eiaaee?iaaiea i?iecaiaeeony ia
iaeneiaeueiii aaeioa. I?e 1-e eiaaeyoeee aeinoeaaaony 60% io
iaeneiaeueiiai yooaeoa, i?e 2-e eiaaeyoeee 80%, i?e 3-e e neaaeothueo
eiaaeyoeeyo yooaeo oaaee/eaaaony i?eia?ii ia 1% ii ?acei
oaaee/eaathony iiai/iua yooaeou. Iiyoiio aeey n?aaenoa n?aaeiae
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeaenoaey iacia/aaony ieiei 8-ie aeic a nooee, a
aeey n?aaenoa aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey 4-6 aeic a nooee (1 aeica –
eiee/anoai i?aia?aoa, iiiaaeathuaa a i?aaieci aieueiiai ca 1
eiaaeyoeeth). I?aia?ao, i?eiaiyaiue eiaaeyoeeiiii a ii?ia ia
ananuaaaony, aeaenoaoao ianoii.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea (i?e ia?aaeice?iaea):
1 Neiae?ii “?eeioaoa” (“ioaea/e”): Nia/aea i?ienoiaeeo
oaoeoeeaene/aneay ?aaeoeey e i?aia?ao ia?anoaao aeaenoaiaaoue, iioii
aeaenoaea i?aia?aoa eciaiyaony ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiia (a?iioiniaci).
2 Neiae?ii “caie?aiey eaaeeo” I?ienoiaeeo ?anoe?aiea ia
oieueei a?iioia, ii e eo ninoaeia, /oi i?eaiaeeo e i?iiioaaaieth
aeeaeeie /anoe e?iae a aeueaaieu e iaeeea a?iioe. O?ainoaeao
neaieeaaaony e i?aiyonoaoao ii?iaeueiiio aeuoaieth, a ioeaoeyoue aai
iaeuecy – a aeueaaieao iao eaoeaauo ?aoeaioi?ia.
3 Ananuaaiea – i?aia?ao ia/eiaao aeaenoaiaaoue ia (-1
aae?aii?aoeaioi?u na?aeoea, /oi i?eaiaeeo e yaeaieyi
ea?aeeinoeioeyoeee.
Oaiioe?ie e Naeueaooaiie
I?eiaiythony a eiaaeyoeeiiiie oi?ia aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e
eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia oaeoouey. Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 2-3 ieioou,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aeey Oaiioe?iea 8 /ania, aeey
Naeaooaiiea 6 /ania.
Eiaaeyoeeiiiua I-oieeiieeoeee
Ao?iiei, yeno?aeo E?anaaee e ae?oaea iaeiaaeyoeeiiiua
I-oieeiiaeieaoi?u ia i?eiaiythony, oae eae iie oaiaoatho
a?iioiiioi?ioth ooieoeeth eaaeeo e niinianoaotho naouaieth iie?iou –
neaaeiaaoaeueii ia i?eiaiythony.
Eiaaeyoeoeiiiua: Ei?ao?iieoia a?iieae, O?iaaioie.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey:
1 Aeie I-oieeii?aoeaioi?ia ia anai i?ioyaeaiee ?anie?aoi?iiai
o?aeoa.
2 Oiaiueoaiea neioaca oeAIO e niaea?aeaiey aioo?eeeaoi/iiai
eaeueoeey
3 Oiaiueoaiea nei?inoe i?ioeannia oinoi?eee?iaaiey
nie?aoeoaeueiuo aaeeia
4 Ia aeeytho ia eiee/anoai e oa?aeoa? iie?iou.
Yooaeo I-oieeiieeoeeia iaiueoa, /ai o aae?aiiieiaoeeia e
iiyoiio I-oieeiieeoeee i?eiaiythony aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooia oaeoouey
oieueei o ii?aaeaeaiiuo eaoaai?ee aieueiuo:
1 Aieueiua n oieeia?ae/aneei aa?eaioii a?iioeaeueiie anoiu
2 Aieueiua n oaaee/aiiui oiionii ia?aneiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie
nenoaiu (aaaioiiey)
3 Aieueiua, o eioi?uo i?enooi oaeoouey ?acaeaaaony i?e aaeuoaiee
oieiaeiiai aicaeooa eee iuee.
O inoaeueiuo eaoaai?ee aieueiuo i?eiaiythony oieueei eae
n?aaenoaa aeey i?ioeeaeoeee i?enooiia. I-oieeiieeoeee i?eiaiythony a
noaiao o?iiioa?aiee (i?eai eaea?noa a ii?aaeaeaiiua ia?eiaeu a?aiaie).
Nouanoaotho eiiaeie?iaaiiua i?aia?aou: Aa?iaeoae = Oaiioa?ie
(aaoa-2 aae?aiiieiaoee) + Ao?iaaio (I-oieeiieeoee). Eiiaeie?iaaieai
aeinoeaaaony yooaeo neeueiue eae o aae?aiiieiaoeeia e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiue
eae o oieeiieeoeeia, e?iia oiai eiee/anoai aae?aiiieiaoeea a aeaiiii
i?aia?aoa iaiueoa /ai a i?aia?aoa /enoiai aae?aiiieiaoeea –
neaaeiaaoaeueii iaiueoa iiai/iuo yooaeoia.
Ieio?iiiua a?iioiniaciieeoeee
I?iecaiaeiua io?eia (iaoeeenaioeia):
Oaioeeeei, Yooeeeei (80% – Oaioeeeei 20% – aaeeano aeey eo/oae
?anoai?eiinoe).
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey Oaioeeeeia:
1 Eiaeae?iaaiea oa?iaioa oinoiaeeynoa?acu, eioi?ay eaoaeece?oao
?aaeoeeth i?aa?auaiey oeAIO a AOO.
2 Aeieaaea aaeaiiceiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia a?iioia (aaeaiicei –
iiuiue yiaeiaaiiue a?iioieiino?eeoi?)
3 Oiaiueoaiea aeaaeaiey a eaai/iie a?oa?ee
4 Noeioeyoeey nie?auaiey iaae?aaa?iuo iuooe e aeeao?aaiu, /oi
i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth aaioeeeyoeee
5 Oneeaiea aeaiey ?anie/ae aeuoaoaeueiiai yieoaeey — oaaee/aiea
ioaeaeaiey iie?iou
A?aiy iieo?aniaaea oaioeeeeia caaeneo io ianeieueeeo oaeoi?ia:
1 Ac?ineua iaeo?yuea 7-8 /ania
2 Eo?yuea 5 /ania
3 Aeaoe 3 /ana
4 Iiaeeeua, no?aaeathuea “eaai/iui na?aeoeai” 10-12 /ania e
aieaa
Ianuuathuay aeica aeey ac?ineuo 5-6 ia/ea iannu,
iiaeaea?aeeaathuay aeica 10-13 ia/ea
Eaoaai?ey aieueiuo Iiaeaea?aeeaathuay aeica
Eo?yuea 18
Aieueiua na?aea/iie e eaai/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth
2
Aeaoe aei 9 eao 24
Aeaoe 9-12 eao 20
A oaaeaoeao Oaioeeeei i?eiaiyaony aeey i?ioeeaeoeee i?enooiia, i?e
aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee – aeey eoie?iaaiey i?enooiia oaeoouey.
?aeoaeueiua naa/e e 24% ?anoai? aioo?eiuoa/ii iayooaeoeaiu
Iiai/iua yooaeou
I?e ia?aaeice?iaea nenoaia i?aaiia, aiaea/aiiay a iiai/iue yooaeo
caaeneo io eiioeaio?aoeee i?aia?aoa a e?iae. Iaeneiaeueiay
oa?aiaaoe/aneay eiioeaio?aoeey 10-18 ia/ea.
Eiioeaio?aoeey Nenoaia i?aaiia Yooaeo
aieaa 20 ia/ea AEEO oioiioa, ?aioa, iiiin
aieaa 30 ia/ea Na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoay nenoaia oaoeea?aeey, aeaeoaei/eiaay
a?eoiey, naeaeae a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey
Aieaa 40 ia/ea OeIN aieiaiay aieue, aicaoaeaeaiea, o?aii?, ia?aoiaeyuee
a noaei?iae
I?aia?aou i?ieiiae?iaaiiiai aeaenoaey: Oaiiye, ?aoioee, Oaioa?ae – 2
?aca a aeaiue, i?eiaiythony n i?ioeeaeoe/aneie oeaeueth.
I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiua n?aaenoaa
a) noaaeeecaoi?u iaia?ai oo/iuo eeaoie
a) aetheiei?oeeieaeu
Noaaeeecaoi?u iaia?ai oo/iuo eeaoie
Iaaeie?iiee-iao?ee (Oaeeaae), E?iiieei-iao?ee (Eioae), Eaoioeoai
(Caaeeoai).
Iaoaieci:
1 Noaaeeece?otho iaia?aiu oo/iuo eeaoie
2 Oaiaoatho aeoeaiinoue oinoiaeenoa?acu
3 Oaiaoatho ooieoeeiiaeueioth aeoeaiinoue I-oieeii?aoeaioi?ia.
Oaeeaae e Eioae_. i?eiaiythony ii 1-2 eainoeu 4 ?aca a aeaiue, a
iineaaeothuai – ?aaea. Yooaeo ianooiaao /a?ac 3-4 iaaeaee iinea
iinoiyiiiai i?eaia i?aia?aoa. Eainoeu i?eiaiythony n iiiiuueth
niaoeeaeueiiai oo?aieiaaeyoi?a “Spinhaler”, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeeii
auienaoue a ia/aea ea/aiey.
Rp.: “Spinhaler”
D.S.Aeey i?eaia eainoe “Eioae”
#
Aioo?ue eainoeu “Eioae” ia i?eiaiythony
Eaoioeoai_. i?eiaiyaony a oaaeaoeao 1 ia 2-3 ?aca a aeaiue, aucuaaao
iiai/iia aeaenoaea – niieeainoue, ooiieyaiinoue.
Aetheiei?oeeieaeu
I?eiaiythony a ea/anoaa i?ioeeaeoeee i?enooiia a oi?ia
eiaaeyoeee. Iaeeiiaoacii, Oeooeeacii, Oeoiacieeae.
N?AAeNOAA AEEssTHUEA IA AEAEOAeI*II-EEOA*IUE O?AEO
1 Aeeythuea ia nae?aoi?ioth aeoeaiinoue
2 Aeeythuea ia iioi?eeo
A i?ieneiaeueiii ioaeaea AEEO (aeaeoaeie, ia/aiue, iiaeaeaeoaei/iay
aeaeaca) ii?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeyo iaeaieaa /anoi. Yoi iauyniyaony oai,
/oi yoe ioaeaeu ia?auie noaeeeaathony n “ieuaaie aa?anneae”. Ieua
yaeyaony naiaai ?iaea aa?anneae iineieueeo a aa ninoaa aoiaeyo
aauanoaa, /oaea?iaeiua aeey i?aaiecia.
A ninoaa aeaeac aeaeoaeea aoiaeyo 3 iniiaiuo oeia eeaoie:
Iaeeaaei/iua (ia?eaoaeueiua) nae?aoe?otho nieyioth eeneioo
Aeaaiua eeaoee nae?aoe?otho iaineiiaai
Ioeioeeou nae?aoe?otho neecue
Nae?aoeey e iioi?eea AEEO ?aaoee?oaony n iiiiuueth ia?aiiai e
aoii?aeueiiai iaoaieciia. Iniiaa ia?aiie ?aaoeyoeee nae?aoeee e
iioi?eee AEEO – aeoaeaeathuee ia?a. Aoii?aeueiay ?aaoeyoeey
inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth ai?iiiia iauaai aeaenoaey e ianoiuo:
oieaoeenoieeiei, aano?ei, nae?aoei.
Iaoieiaey aeaiiiai ioaeaea AEEO eae i?aaeei ni/aoaiiay.
Ia?ooaiey nae?aoeee
1 Aeiinae?aoeey (iaaeinoaoi/iay nae?aoi?iay aeoeaiinoue)
2 Aeia?nae?aoeey (ecauoi/iay nae?aoi?iay aeoeaiinoue)
1 Aeiinae?aoi?iua ia?ooaiey
Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey ianoiuo e
iaueo ai?iiiia e iaaeeaoi?ia, iaiin?aaenoaaiii oaaee/eaathueo
nae?aoeeth: aenoaieia, aano?eia, aoeaoeeoieeia, ii yoe i?aia?aou ia
eniieuecothony i?e nae?aoi?iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Oieeiiieiaoeee ia oiio?aaeythony ec-ca eo neeoeii oe?ieiai
aeaenoaey (aieueoia eiee/anoai iiai/iuo yooaeoia).
Aenoaiei ia eniieuecoaony ec-ca aai aeeyiey ia ninoaeenoia ?onei e
iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai yooaeoa.
I?aia?ao aano?eia – Iaioaaano?ei ia i?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey ii
i?e/eia iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai yooaeoa. Aenoaiei e iaioaaano?ei
i?eiaiythony aeey enneaaeiaaiey noeioee?iaaiiie (noaiaeneiaeueiie e
iaeneiaeueiie) eeneioiinoe.
Ec-ca ionoonoaey aiciiaeiinoe noeioeyoeee nae?aoeee iniiao
ea/aiey nae?aoi?iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ninoaaeyao caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey.
I?e iaaeinoaoi/iinoe nae?aoeee nieyiie eeneiou eniieuecothony aa
i?aia?aou nieyiie eeneiou (Acidum hydrochloridum purum dilutum).
Yooaeou aeaiiiai i?aia?aoa:
1 Aeoeaaoeey iaineiiaaia n i?aa?auaieai aai a iainei
2 Noeioeyoeey nae?aoeee aeaeoaei/iuo aeaeac
3 Niaci i?ea?aoieea
4 Noeioeyoeey nae?aoeee iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu
Eae i?aaeei iaaethaeaaony ni/aoaiiia ia?ooaiea nae?aoeee nieyiie
eeneiou e iaineiiaaia.
Eiiiiiaiou eiiaeie?iaaiiuo i?aia?aoia
1 Oa?iaiou nieia aeaeoaeea e iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu e i?aia?aou,
noeioee?othuea eo nae?aoeeth
2 Eiiiiiaiou aeae/e e aeae/aaiiiua n?aaenoaa
Yooaeou:
a) iaeaa/aiea yioeueae?iaaiey aee?ia
a) oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe iaie?aaoe/aneie eeiacu
a) oeo/oaiea ananuaaiey aee?i?anoai?eiuo aeoaieiia (a?oiiu A,A,E)
a) aeae/aaiiiia aeaenoaea
3 Oa?iaiou ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
a) Oeaeetheaca, aaieoeaeetheaca – ?anuaieytho eeao/aoeo
a) A?iiaeei – eiiieaen i?ioaieeoe/aneeo oa?iaioia
4 Yeno?aeo ?eniaiai a?eaea – noiia oa?iaioia (aieeaca, i?ioaaca e
ae?oaea)
5 Eeiieeoe/aneea oa?iaiou, i?iaeooee?oaiua a?eaaie ?iaea Penicillum.
6 Iaiiaaneoaee – iiaa?oiinoii aeoeaiua aauanoaa.
I?aia?aou
Aoeeaeei-iainei – eiiieaen yeaiaioia aeaeoaei/iiai niea ni
naycaiiie nieyiie eeneioie
Iaoo?aeueiue aeaeoaei/iue nie – iieo/atho ec niaae n iiiiuueth
oenooeu a aeaeoaeea e iieiiai ei?ieaiey.
Iaineaeee – yeno?aeo ec neecenoie iaiei/ee aeaeoaeea oaieiuo
naeiae
Aaiiei – yeno?aeo ec neecenoie iaiei/ee aeaeoaeea iiai?iaeaeaiiuo
yaiyo eee oaeyo – i?eiaiyaony a iaaeeao?ee.
Iaie?aaoei – i?aia?ao niea iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu. Iaieo?iai =
iaie?aaoei + ?anoeoaeueiia aeae/aaiiiia aauanoai. Oanoae, Yicenoae,
Aeeaanoae = iaie?aaoei + yeno?aeo aeae/e + aaieoeaeetheaca. Ia?eaicei =
A?iiaeei + yeno?aeo aeae/e. Eiiaeoeei – yeno?aeo ?eniaiai a?eaea.
Iaie?aioeyo = Eiiaeoeei + neeeeiiu. Iaiceii?i = iainei +
iaie?aaoe/aneea oa?iaiou + oieaaay eeneioa
I?eiaiaiea i?aia?aoia
1 Caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey i?e aiaoianae?aoi?iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe
a ?acoeueoaoa: o?iie/aneeo aano?eoia, iaie?aaoeoia, ?acaeoeee
aeaeoaeea.
2 Iaoai?eci
3 Iaeioaeoeeiiiay aeea?ay
4 Ieuaaua iia?aoiinoe (ia?aaaeaiea)
5 Iiaeaioiaea e ?aioaaiianeiio enneaaeiaaieth
2 Aeia?nae?aoi?iua ia?ooaiey
Eae i?aaeei iaaethaeathony a aeaeoaeea.
I?e/eiu:
1 Aaaioiiey (iiauoaiiue oiion aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa)
2 Oaaee/aiea i?iaeoeoeee aano?eia (a oii /enea iiooieue)
3 Oaaee/aiea /oanoaeoaeueiinoe ?aoeaioi?ia ia ia?eaoaeueiuo
(iaeeaaei/iuo) eeaoeao.
A iauai neo/aa eeneioii-iaioe/aneay aa?anney i?ienoiaeeo i?e
ia?ooaiee aaeaina iaaeaeo nenoaiaie caueou e nae?aoeee nieyiie eeneiou e
aeaeoaei/iiai niea. Oaeei ia?acii aa?anney iiaeao i?iecieoe e i?e
ii?iaeueiie nae?aoi?iie aeoeaiinoe i?e ia?ooaiee ?aaoeyoeee.
I?aia?aou aeaeyony ia 2 a?oiiu:
1.1 Aioaoeeaeiua n?aaenoaa (oeie/anee iaeo?aeecotho nieyioth
eeneioo)
1.2 Aioenae?aoi?iua n?aaenoaa
1.1 Aioaoeeaeiua n?aaenoaa
O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeaiiui n?aaenoaai:
1 Auno?ia acaeiiaeaenoaea n nieyiie eeneioie
2 I?eaanoe eeneioiinoue aeaeoaei/iiai niea e ?I 3-6
3 Naycuaaiea aeinoaoi/ii aieueoiai eiee/anoaa nieyiie eeneiou
(aieueoay eeneioiaieinoue)
4 Ionoonoaea iiai/iuo aeaenoaee
5 Iaeo?aeueiue eee i?eyoiue aeon.
Eiiiiiaiou i?aia?aoia
A) Oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey ia oieueei oiaiueoatho eeneioiinoue,
ii e i?eaiaeyo e nenoaiiiio aeeaeico: ieuaaay niaea (aeae?iea?aiiao
iao?ey)
A) Ia?eoa?e/aneiai aeaenoaey
Ea?aiiao eaeueoeey (iae), ieneae iaaiey (aeaeaiay iaaiacey),
aeae?ieneae iaaiey (iaaiaceeiia iieiei), ea?aiiao iaaiey (aaeay
iaaiacey), aeae?ieneae aethieiey (aeeiicai), o?eneeeeao aethieiey.
Eiiaeie?iaaiiua i?aia?aou
Aeeaei_. = aenioo + aeae?iea?aiiao iao?ey (auno?ia aeaenoaea) +
ea?aiiao iaaiey (aeeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea). Aeeae?_. = Aeeaei + ei?a Ae?a
+ ei?a E?ooeiu (neaaeoaeueiia aeaenoaea). Aeueiaaaeue_. = aeae?ieneae
aethieiey + aeae?ieneae iaaiey + ni?aeo (aeiiieieoaeueiia iineaaeythuaa
e aeae/aaiiiia aeaenoaea). Oinoaethaaeue_. = Aeueiaaaeue + i?aia?ao
oinoi?a (ii i?e/eia oiai, /oi aeae?ieneae aethieiey naycuaaao oinoi? e
i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee yoi iiaeao i?eaanoe e inoaiii?ico e
iiaeiaiui ineiaeiaieyi). Iaaeien, Ieoae, Aanoae – i?aia?aou n iiaeiaiui
ninoaaii.
N?aaieoaeueiia iienaiea iaeioi?uo i?aia?aoia
Aeae?iea?aiiao iao?ey
Nieaeaao eeneioiinoue aeaeoaei/iiai niea aei 8.3, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
ia?ooaieth nae?aoeee. Inoaoie aeae?iea?aiiaoa iao?ey i?ioiaeeo a
aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noioth eeoeo, aaea aianoa n nae?aoe?oaiui oai
aeae?iea?aiiaoii iao?ey (eioi?ue a ii?ia iaeo?aeecoaony eeneui oeionii)
ananuaaaony a e?iaue e i?eaiaeeo e nenoaiiiio aeeaeico. A aeaeoaeea,
i?e ?aaeoeee iaeo?aeecaoeee auaeaeyaony oaeaeeneue aac, eioi?ue
?acae?aaeaao noaieo aeaeoaeea. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e oneeaieth nae?aoeee
nieyiie eeneiou e aeaeoaei/iiai niea.
Ieneae iaaiey
Nieaeaao eeneioiinoue iacia/eoaeueii, oaeaeeneue aac ia ia?acoaony.
Ia?acoaony oei?eae iaaiey, eioi?ue iiaeao iaeo?aeeci aaoue
aeae?iea?aiiao iao?ey a aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoea. A oeaeii i?aia?ao
aeaenoaoao aieaa aeeeoaeueii.
Aeae?ieneae aethieiey
I?e ?anoai?aiee aiaeie ia?acoaony aaeue, eioi?ue aaeni?ae?oao
aeaeoaei/iue nie. Eeneioiinoue inoaiaaeeaaaony ia o?iaia ?I=3. A
aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoea nieyiay eeneioa auoiaeeo ec ninoaaa aaey e
iaeo?aeecoao aeae?iea?aiiao iao?ey.
Iauea aeaenoaey i?aia?aoia
1 Iaeo?aeecaoeey nieyiie eeneiou
2 Aaeni?aoeey iaineia 1 e 2 – oiaiueoaiea iaioe/aneie
aeoeaiinoe
3 Iaaieaeeaathuaa aeaenoaea
4 Aeoeaaoeey neioaca i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
5 Oneeaiea nae?aoeee neece. 3,4 e 5 – i?ioaeoeaiua aeaenoaey (eo
cia/aiea ianoaeaeaaony)
Eeeie/aneee yooaeo
En/acatho ecaeiaa e oyaeanoue, oiaiueoathony aieue e niaci
i?ea?aoieea, oeo/oaaony iioi?eea, oeo/oaaony iauaa ninoiyiea iaoeeaioa,
iiaeao oaaee/eaaoueny nei?inoue caaeeaeaiey aeaoaeoia noaiee
aeaeoaeea.
I?eiaiaiea aioaoeeaeiuo n?aaenoa
1 Ino?ue e o?iie/aneee aano?eo a oaca iaino?aiey (n iiauoaiiie e
ii?iaeueiie nae?aoeeae) 2 Ycioaaeo, ?aoethen-ycioaaeo 3
A?uaea ieuaaiaeiiai ioaa?noey aeeao?aaiu 4 Aeoiaeaieo 5
Eiiieaeniay oa?aiey ycau aeaeoaeea 6 Neiae?ii iaycaaiiie
aeeniainee (iia?aoiinoe a aeeaoa, eaea?noaa, ?acae?aaeathuea neecenooth
iaiei/eo aeaeoaeea) 7 I?ioeeaeoeea no?anni?iuo yca i?e eioaineaiie
oa?aiee a iineaiia?aoeeiiiii ia?eiaea
Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey = 20 ieiooai (iaeneioi 30-40 ieioo, aei 1
/ana).
Iaoiaeu i?ieiiae?iaaiey yooaeoa:
1 Oaaee/aiea aeicu (nae/an eae i?aaeei ia i?eiaiyaony)
2 I?eai iinea aaeu (/a?ac 1 /an (ia aunioa nae?aoeee) eee 3 –
3.5 /ana (i?e auaaaeaiee ieue ec aeaeoaeea)). I?e yoii
aeinoeaaaony:
a) iioaioee?iaaiea yooaeoa “ieuaaiai aioaoeeaea”
a) caiaaeeaiea yaaeoaoeee i?aia?aoa
3 Ni/aoaiea n aioenae?aoi?iuie i?aia?aoaie.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea
1 I?iaeaiu ni nooeii. Aethieiee e eaeueoeee-niaea?aeauea
i?aia?aou – iiaoo i?eaiaeeoue e caii?ai, iaaiee-niaea?aeauea – iiaoo
aucuaaoue iiiinu.
2 N?aaenoaa, niaea?aeauea iaaiee, eaeueoeee, aethieiee iiaoo
naycuaaoue iiiaea i?aia?aou: oieeiieeoeee, oaiioeaceaeu,
i?ii?aiieie, oeieaeei e ae?oaea iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii ?acaeoue ai a?aiaie
eo i?eai.
3 Iiei/ii-uaei/iie neiae?ii (i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii i?eaia
aieueoiai eiee/anoaa ea?aiiaoa eaeueoeey e iieiea). Oaaee/eaaaony
eiioeaio?aoeey eaeueoeey a ieacia e?iae -> oiaiueoaaony i?iaeoeoeey
ia?ao-ai?iiia -> oiaiueoaaony yene?aoeey oinoaoia -> eaeueoeeiic ->
iao?ioiene/aneee ooaeo -> ii/a/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
4 I?e aeeeoaeueiii oiio?aaeaiee aieueoeo aeic i?aia?aoia,
niaea?aeaueo aethieiee e iaaiee iiaeao aucaaoue eioieneeaoeeth.
1.2 Aioenae?aoi?iua n?aaenoaa
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey ai?iiiia e iaaeeaoi?ia
_ I?inoaaeaiaeei A e aenoaiei.
I?e nayce eo n ?aoeaioi?aie aeoeae?oaony G-aaeie -> aeoeae?oaony
aaeaieeaooeeeeaca -> AOO i?aa?auaaony a oeAIO -> aeoeae?oaony
i?ioaei-eeiaca e oinoi?eee?oao aaeee, /oi i?eaiaeeo e oiaiueoaieth
aeoeaiinoe i?ioiiiie iiiiu (caea/eaaao aioo?ue eeaoee eaeee a iaiai ia
i?ioiiu aiaei?iaea, eioi?ua auaeaeythony a i?inaao aeaeoaei/iie
aeaeacu).
2 Aano?ei e aoeaoeeoieei_. /a?ac ?aoeaioi?ii-aeoeae?oaiua
eaeueoeeaaua eaiaeu oaaee/eaatho aoiae eaeueoeey a eeaoeo, /oi
i?eaiaeeo e aeoeaaoeee i?ioaei-eeiacu e oiaiueoaieth aeoeaiinoe
i?ioiiiie iiiiu.
1.2.1 I?aia?aou, naycuaathueany n ?aoeaioi?aie
1.2.1.1 Aenoaieiiaeieaoi?u aoi?iai oeia (aeiee?otho
I2-aenoaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u)
I?aia?aou 1 iieieaiey: Oeeiaoeaeei (Aenoaaeee, Aaeiiao)
I?eiaiyaony a aeica 1 a/nooee
I?aia?aou 2 iieieaiey: ?aieoeaeei 0.3 a/nooee
I?aia?aou 3 iieieaiey: Oaiioeaeei (Aanoa?) 0.04 a/nooee
?ienaoeaeei (Aeoao) 0.15 a/nooee
Aeiaeinooiiinoue oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiay (> 50%) -> i?eiaiythony
yioa?aeueii.
Oa?aiaaoe/aneea eiioeaio?aoeee
Oeeiaoeaeei 0.8 iea/ie ?aieoeaeei 0.1 iea/ie
Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey
Oeeiaoeaeei 2 /ana ?aieoeaeei 2 /ana
Oaiioeaeei 3.8 /ana
I?iyaeyaony eeanne/aneay caaeneiinoue aeica/yooaeo
Iiai/iua yooaeou i?aia?aoia 1 iieieaiey
1 I?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee oeeiaoeaeei iiaeao
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n ae?oaeie i?aia?aoaie
2 Ioaeaeueiua neo/ae ?anno?ienoaa ioaeneie iieiaie noa?u
O i?aia?aoia 2 e 3 iieieaiey iiaeiaiuo iiai/iuo yooaeoia iao
1.2.1.2 Oieeiieeoeee
Ie?aicaiei
Aano?inaeaeoeaiue aioeionea?eiiaue i?aia?ao aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey
(i?eiaiyaony 2 ?aca a nooee). Aieaa ecae?aoaeai /ai Ao?iiei ->
iaiueoa iiai/iuo yooaeoia. Ec-ca ioiineoaeueiinoe ecae?aoaeueiiai
aeaenoaey i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee aiciiaeiu iiai/iua yooaeou:
nooinoue ai ?oo, aeaoeiia, caaea?aeea ii/e
1.2.1.3 Aioeaano?eiiauo i?aia?aoia iao
Aeieaoi?u i?ioiiiie iiiiu
Iiai?aaeie
Naiue neeueiue i?aia?ao, naeaeoeaai. A oaaeaoeao – iaaeoeaiue
i?aia?ao, aeoeae?oaony a eeneie n?aaea – neaaeiaaoaeueii oieueei a
aeaeoaeea. Aeoeaiay oi?ia i?aia?aoa naycuaaaony n oeieiauie a?oiiaie
oa?iaioia i?ioiiiie iiiiu.
Aniiiiaaoaeueiua aioenae?aoi?iua i?aia?aou
1 I?inoaaeaiaeeiu
2 Iieieaeiua
Aeaea?aei_. – (i?aia?ao aac oeaio?aeueiiai yooaeoa)
I?eiaiaiea
a) i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea aeeno?ioe/aneeo eciaiaiee AEEO
a) oiaiueoaiea nae?aoeee nieyiie eeneiou
a) Ii?iaeecaoeey iee?ioee?eoeyoeee e eeioioiea
a) onei?aiea ?aaaia?aoeee
ae) oaaee/aiea nae?aoeee neece
a) oiaiueoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee aae?aiiei?oeeio?iiiiai ai?iiia e
aeeeiei?oeeieaeia a e?iae
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea – aeiioiiey
3 Aeieaoi?u eaeueoeeaauo eaiaeia – iaiueoee yooaeo, ii
i?eiaiyaony i?e oi?iao, ?acenoaioiuo e aenoaieio e aoeaoeeoieeio
4 Eiaeaeoi?u ea?aiaiaeae?acu. Aeeaea?a oiaiueoaiea ia?aciaaiey e
nae?aoeee i?ioiiia aiaei?iaea
N?AAeNOAA AEEssTHUEA IA OOIEOeEE AEAEOAeI*II-EEOA*IIAI O?AEOA
(i?iaeieaeaiea)
Nenoaia caueou yieoaeey ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo yoaiia:
1 Neecenoi-aeea?aiiaoiue aa?uea?
2 Iiaa?oiinoiue oinoieeieaeiue aa?uea?
3 Nae?aoeey i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
4 Iea?aoeey eeaoie
5 Oi?ioi ?acaeoia e?iainiaaaeaiea
I?aia?aou aeaeyony ia aano?ii?ioaeoeaiua (naie caueuatho
neecenooth aeaeoaeea) e oaaee/eaathueo caueoiua naienoaa neecenoie.
Ea?aaiienieii_. (aeiaano?ii, aeoiaano?ii)
A aai iniiaa – ei?aiue Nieiaeee, ii no?oeoo?a iioiae ia
aeueaeinoa?ii. Yooaeou:
iniiaiua
1 Oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe ioeioeeoia
2 Oaaee/aiea oieueiu caueoiiai neiy
3 Oaaee/aiea ayceinoe neece e aa niiniaiinoe e aaeaacee
aeiiieieoaeueiua
4 Oiaiueoaiea aeoeaiinoe iaineiiaaia
5 Oeo/oaiea iee?ioee?eoeyoeee
6 Oiaiueoaiea ?ac?ooaiey i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
Yooaeou i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
1 Oaaee/aiea nae?aoeee neece
2 Noaaeeecaoeey neecenoiai aa?uea?a
3 Oaaee/aiea nae?aoeee aeea?aiiaoia
4 Oeo/oaiea iee?ioee?eoeyoeee (iaeaieaa aaaeii)
5 Oiaiueoaiea i?iieoeaaiinoe iaia?ai
I?aia?aou iaeaaeatho yooaeoaie:
1 Oeeoii?ioaeoeaiia aeaenoaea (ia iiaoo caueoeoue ana eeaoee, ii
niinianoaotho nio?aiaieth no?oeoo?u oeaie – aenoii?ioaeoeaiia
aeaenoaea)
2 Oiaiueoaiea nae?aoeee: nieyiie eeneiou, aano?eia, iaineia.
Iecii?inoae_. (Oeeoioae)
Neioaoe/aeee aiaeia i?inoaaeaiaeeia A1. I?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey
ycaaiiie aieacie aeaeoaeea e aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee,
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ycaiia?aciaaiey i?e i?eaia ?acae?aaeathueo neecenooth
iaiei/eo aauanoa (Anie?ei e ae?.).
I?aia?aou aeaeyony ia:
1 Aioeaa?anneaiay a?oiia (aioaoeeaeiia e aioenae?aoi?iia
aeaenoaea)
2 Caueoiua
3 ?aia?aiou (niinianoaotho i?ioeannai caaeeaeaiey)
I?aia?aou iaiin?aaenoaaiii caueuathuea neecenooth
iaiei/eo
Noaieo?ao aeniooa_. (iniiaiie ieo?ao aeniooa)
Ayaeouaa, i?ioeaiiee?iaiia aeaenoaea. I?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey:
ycaaiiie aieacie aeaeoaeea e aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee, yioa?eoia,
eieeoia, ainiaeaiee eiaee e neecenouo.
Noanaeeoeeeao aeniooa_. (Aeaniie)
Ieaieiia?acothuaa aeaenoaea, ayaeouaa, oaaee/aiea au?aaioee
neece, ianiaoeeoe/aneia aioeaeea?aeiia aeaenoaea. I?eiaiyaony i?e
ycaaiiie aieacie aeaeoaeea e aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee, iaino?aiea
o?iie/aneiai aano?eoa, aeea?ae ?acee/iiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
Eieeieaeiue noaoeeo?ao aeniooa_. (Aeaiie,O?eaeiie, Aaio?enie)
Ieaieiia?acothuaa aeaenoaea oieueei a eeneie n?aaea
(aano?inaeaeoeaiinoue), aaeni?aoeey iaineia, nieyiie eeneiou,
oaaee/aiea ?acenoaioiinoe neecenoie, oaaee/aiea au?aaioee neece (e
oneeaiea aa caueoiuo naienoa), aeea?aiiaoia, i?inoaaeaiaeeiia.
Aaeoa?eoeeaeiia aeaenoaea a ioiioaiee Helicobacter pylori.
Noe?aeueoao
1 A eeneie n?aaea – iieeia?ecaoeey e naycuaaiea n y?iceaiuie
o/anoeaie neecenoie (n?iaenoai e ii?aaeaiiiio yieoaeeth a 8-10 ?ac
aieueoa, /ai e caei?iaie oeaie).
2 Aaeni?aoeey iaineia, aeae/iuo eeneio
3 Oaaee/aiea neioaca i?inoaaeaiaeeiia a neecenoie.
Oi?ia auionea: oaaeaoee ii 0.5 – 1 a, i?eiaiyoue 4 ?aca aei aaeu e
ia ii/ue.
?aia?aiou
I?aia?aou aeoaieiia: iieeaeoaieiu, A1, N. Ai?iiiaeueiua
i?aia?aou: iieiaua ai?iiiu
Ianei iaeaieoe, oeiiaieea. Aeaioii (Aeeaanee). O?eoiiie
(Iao?iieaeacie) + aeiiieieoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue i?ioea Helicobacter
pylori
Aeieeei, nie Aeiy, yeno?aeo Eaeeaioiy
Ieneoa??enei?aii iao?ey
Ie?eieeeiiaua iniiaaiey.
I?aia?aou oaiaoathuea ia?aiiaaaaoaoeaiua ?aaeoeee
_ Ineoio?iiiua
O?aieaeeecaoi?u e naaeaoeaiua, iae?ieaioeee (Noeueie?eae,
Iaoieeii?aieae (Oea?oeae)), aioeaeai?annaiou
2 N?aaenoaa ?aaoee?othuea iioi?eeo. Oieeiieeoeee, ieio?iiiua
niaciieeoeee (Iaiaaa?ei, Ii-oia, Aaeeaei?, Oaieeaaa?ai)
3 N?aaenoaa oiaiueoathuea aieue. Aiaeueaaoeee, ianoiua aianoaoeee
I?AIA?AOU AEEssTHUEA IA IIOI?IUA OOIEOeEE AEEO
Nae?aoeey – i?ioeann, caaenyuee io eiioeaio?aoeee oeAIO.
Noeioee?otho nae?aoeeth: i?inoaaeaiaeeiu, oieeiiieiaoeee, oiea?iue
oienei (iaoieiae/aneia aeaenoaea). Oaiaoatho nae?aoeeth: niiaoinoaoei,
iieieaeu, aeioaieii- e aae?aiiieiaoeee.
A eeoa/ieea i?ienoiaeeo eciiniioe/aneay ?aaani?aoeey ca n/ao:
1 Eaeee-iao?eaaie AOO-acu (yeaeo?iaaiiay iiiia)
2 O?ainii?o oei?eaea iao?ey (yeaeo?iiaeo?aeueiay iiiia)
Ia iioi?eeo aeeytho:
1 Ninoaa ieue (eeao/aoea – aeoeae?oao iioi?eeo)
2 Aeaeaaoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue /aeiaaea (iuooeu a?thoiiai i?anna –
iannaaee?otho eeoa/iee e niinianoaotho aeoeaaoeee iioi?eee)
3 Ia?aii-aoii?aeueiay ?aaoeyoeey
I?e aeiiiioi?eea i?eiaiytho: neaaeoaeueiua, i?ieeiaoeee,
aioeia?aoe/aneea n?aaenoaa.
NEAAEOAEUeIUA N?AAeNOAA
Neaaeoaeueiua – n?aaenoaa, eioi?ua oiaiueoatho a?aiy
i?ioiaeaeaiey eeoa/iiai niaea?aeeiiai ii aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiio o?aeoo,
/oi i?eaiaeeo e iiyaeaieth eee o/auaieth nooea e eciaiaieth aai
eiinenoaioeee.
I?e/eiu aeiiiioi?eee
1 Aeeaoa (aeaoeoeeo eeao/aoee, i?aniay, ?aoeie?iaaiiay ieua)
2 Aeii- eee aeia?nae?aoeey
3 Aeiieeiacey: aic?ano, iniaaiiinoe i?ioannee, iinoaeueiue
?aaeei
4 Aeec?aaoeyoi?iua ?anno?ienoaa: iia?aoeee ia AEEO,
iicaiii/ieea, iaeii oaca.
5 “Ineoiaaiiua” i?e/eiu (niaia ianoaiiaee)
Eeanneoeeaoeey neaaeoaeueiuo
Ii iaoaiecio:
1 ?acae?aaeathuea (noeioee?othuea,eiioaeoiua) Oeie/anee
noeioee?othuea ?aoeaioi?u neecenoie
3 Oaaee/eaathuea iauai eeoa/iiai niaea?aeeiiai . Oaaee/eaatho iauai e
?acaeeaeatho, ca n/ao:
a) oneeaiey nae?aoeee (e nieaeaieth ?aaani?aoeee)
a) oaaee/aiey iniioe/aneiai aeaaeaiey a i?inaaoa eeoee
a) naycuaaiey aiaeu
4 Iya/eoaeueiua Eciaiaiea eiinenoaioeee ca n/ao yioeueae?iaaiey,
aeaoa?aaioiuo naienoa, no?oaeoaioiuo naienoa
Ii neea aeaenoaey:
1 Aia?eoeaiua (Aperitiva) – ii?iaeueiue e iyaeee nooe
2 Eaenaoeaiua (Laxativa, Purgentiva) – iyaeee eee eaoeoeaia?aciue
nooe a caaeneiinoe io aeicu
3 Ae?anoeaiua (Drastiva) – aeeaeeee nooe
Ii eieaeecaoeee:
1 Oiieee (eee aanue) 2 Oienoue eeoa/iee
Ii i?ienoiaeaeaieth:
?anoeoaeueiua, ieia?aeueiua, neioaoe/aneea.
Iieacaiey:
1 O?iie/aneee caii? (i?e iayooaeoeaiinoe aeeaoioa?aiee, i?e
aeeeoaeueiii iinoaeueiii ?aaeeia)
2 ?aaoeyoeey nooea i?e caaieaaaieyo aii?aeoaeueiie iaeanoe (aaii??ie,
i?ieoeo, ?aeoaeueiua o?aueiu)
3 Iiaeaioiaea e eino?oiaioaeueiui ianeaaeiaaieyi, iia?aoeeyi.
4 Aeaaaeueieioecaoeey
5 Ea/aiea io?aaeaiee (i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ananuaaiey yaeia)
Oeiiaua iiai/iua yooaeou_.:
1 Eeoa/iay eieeea, aeea?ay
2 Iioa?y aiaeu e yeaeo?ieeoia
3 ?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea e iia?aaeaeaiea neecenoie
4 I?eaueaiea, neiae?ii caaeneiinoe (“io?aaioeci”)
I?e i?ae?auaiee i?eaia eeoa/iee ieioi ni?aaeyaony n
iaa?oceie
5 Iao?i- e aaiaoioiene/iinoue
?acae?aaeathuea
?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
I?aia?aou ec Eannee_. (Aeaenaiae?ianeee eeno). Eniieuecothony
eenouey, ieiaeu a aeaea ianea, ianoiy e yeno?aeoa.
I?aia?aou: Naiaaea, Eeanenaia, Naiaaeaenei. Eiiieaeniua i?aia?aou:
Eaeeoeo ( niaea?aeeo yeno?aeou Naiiu e eiaee?a, ianea naiiu, aaicaeeee,
iyou), Aeaio?ai (niaea?aeeo yeno?aeo Naiiu e ianea aiena e oieia)
I?aia?aou ec E?ooeiu eiieie_. Eniieuecothony: ei?a, aeinoa?-ieiaeu a
aeaea ioaa?ia, yeno?aeoia, eiiiioia e i?inoi nu?ua yaiaeu. I?aia?aou:
Eio?aiee, ?aiiee.
I?aia?aou ?aaaiy_. – oaaeaoee ec ei?iy ?aaaiy. Ananuaathony –
?anuaieythony – nae?aoe?oaony aiiaue a oienoii eeoa/ieea e
aeaenoaoao. Ec-ca yoeo iniaaiiinoae ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 6-12
/ania iinea i?eaia (iacia/aaony ia ii/ue, yooaeo – oo?ii).
Oa?iaeiaeeiaieea:
1 Oeie/anee ?acae?aaeaao ?aoeaioi?u neecenoie iaiei/ee
2 Eiaeae?oao eaeee-iao?eaaoth AOO-aco,/oi i?eaiaeeo e oiaiueoaieth
?aaani?aoeee aiaeu e yeaeo?ieeoia.
3 Oaaee/eaaao nae?aoeeth
5 Oaaee/eaaao i?iieoeaaiinoue neecenoie
Ii neea: Aperitiva, Laxativa. A caaeneiinoe io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie
/onoaeoaeueiinoe aeica iiaeao eieaaaoueny aei 4 – 8 n?aae ieo. Eo?n:
7-10 aeiae.
Neioaoe/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
I?iecaiaeiua oaiieooaeaeia (Io?aai)
1 iieieaiea
Oaiieooaeaei, Ecioaiei, Ecaiai (Ecioaiei + iaiieo)
2 iieieaiea Ieneoaienaoei (Eaeneaai), Iao?ey ieeinoeueoao. Aeecee ii
neea e a?aiaie aeaenoaey, o ieeinoeueoaoa iao?ey aieaa au?aaeai
?acae?aaeathuee yooaeo, iao?i- e aaiaoioiene/aneia aeaenoaea.
I?iecaiaeiua eanoi?iaiai ianea (Oleum Ricini)
?eoeeiieiaay eeneioa – aeaenoaoao a aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoea,
oiaiueoaao ?aaani?aoeeth aiaeu e yeaeo?ieeoia, oneeeaaao nae?aoeeth,
ieacuaaao ?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea ia anai i?ioyaeaiee AEEO.
Aeaenoaea neeueiia, i?iyaeyaony /a?ac 2-3 /ana, aeica – 15-60 ie
aioo?ue. I?eiaiyaony a aeaea eainoe, nianae n nieii, eioa, a aeaea
yioeuenee e a /enoii aeaea. Ieacuaaao ?iaeinoeioee?othuei aeaenoaeai:
a) i?eiaiyaony a aeooa?noaa eae iniiaa eeieiaioia; a) i?ioeaiiieacaii
i?e aa?aiaiiinoe. Iaeuecy i?eiaiyoue i?e io?aaeaieyo
aee?i?anoai?eiuie yaeaie (iiaeao niinianoaiaaoue oneeaieth eo
ananuaaiey).
Oaaee/eaathuea iauai
Iniioe/aneea
Oaaee/eaatho iauai + naycuaatho aiaeo + noeioeyoeey iioi?eee
Nieaaua neaaeoaeueiua_.: noeueoao iaaiey, noeueoao iao?ey,
ea?eiaa?neay nieue (eneonnoaaiiay e anoanoaaiiay), aunieiieia?aeueiua
aiaeu (Aaoaeeineea). Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 2-3 /ana, aeica – 15-30 a.
Neeueiua, i?eiaiythony i?e io?aaeaieyo.
Iiiaiaoiiiua nie?ou_. Iaiieo, ni?aeo, eneeeo. I?eiaiythony
i?eia?ii ii 5 a a aeaea 50 a 10% ?anoai?a 2-3 ?aca a aeaiue.
Aeenaoa?eaeu_. Eaeooeica (Aethoaeae). Oaaee/eaatho iniioe/aneia
aeaaeaiea e nieaeatho eeneioiinoue a eeoa/ieea. ?anuaieythony
iee?ioei?ie eeoa/ieea a eeneie n?aaea e iaeaaeatho ?acae?aaeathuei
aeaenoaeai.
Aeae?ioeeueiua
Iieenaoa?eaeu (oeaeetheica) iaaooatho a i?inaaoa eeoa/ieea a 3-10
?ac. Iniiaa i?aia?aoia: eaieia?ee, aaa?, naiy eueia, iiaei?iaeieea,
io?oae, ieiaeu eiaee?a.
Iya/eoaeueiua
Ianea: aacaeeiiaia, ia?neeiaia, ieeaeiaia (ii 1-2 noieiaie eiaeea).
Aeieocao (yioeueaaoi?).
I?aia?ao ?acae?aaeathuee eiiiiiaio Oaaee/eaathuee iauai eiiiiiaio
Iya/eoaeueiue eiiiiiaio
Eaoeie eenouey e ieiaeu Naiiu ieiaeu eiaee?a aacaeeiiaia ianei
Iee-ia? — aeae?ieneae iaaiey aacaeeiiaia ianei
Aaeieaen ieiaeu Naiiu naiaia e eiaeo?a naiyi iiaei?iaeieea —
Caii?u auaatho aoiie/aneea e nianoe/aneea. “+” – i?eiaiyaony,”-” – ia
i?eiaiyaony
Aeaenoaea Aoiie/aneea caii?u Nianoe/aneea caii?u
?acae?aaeathuaa + —
Oaaee/eaathuaa iauai + +
Iya/eoaeueiia — +
Ieio?iiiua niaciieeoeee — +
I?ieeiaoeee + +
Ae?oaea n?aaenoaa ?aca?iei, aaoa-aeieaoi?u,
Oaioieaiei, Aaeaioiiei Ecaae?ei, oieeiieeoeee
Aeeoace/aneea caii?u: 1 Naa/e (Aenaeiaeee, aeeoea?ei). 2 Oeio/ea naa/e
(Oa??ieaen, eaeueoeeieaen) 3 Eaea?noaaiiua eeeciu: ni?aeo,
“aeia?oiie/aneea”: 10-20 a oei?eaea iao?ey ia 0.5 eeo?a aiaeu,
ianeyiua: 100-200 a, aeeoea?eiiaua: 10-20 a.
I?ieeiaoeee
I?eiaiythony i?e aeeniaioe/aneii neiae?iia: oyaeanoue,
aeeneiioi?o, ecaeiaa, acaeooea aeeaioa, io?uaeea
I?e/eia: aeiiiioi?eea, noac, caiaaeeaiea yaaeoaoeee,?aoethen.
Aeioaiei: oi?iiciay ?aaoeyoeey, ?aoeaioi?iay ?aeaenaoeey,
oneeaiea nie?auaiey oaea, ?anneaaeaiea noeieoa?a i?ea?aoieea, nie?auaiea
ieaeiaai ieuaaiaeiiai noeieoa?a, oiaiueoaiea ?aeaenaoeee oaea
aeaeoaeea.
Yooaeou i?ieeiaoeeia:
1 Aioeaeioaieiiaia aeaenoaea
2 Oiaiueoaiea oi?iiciiai eiio?iey iaae auaeaeyaiui
aoeaoeeoieeiii a ia?aiuo nieaoaieyo.
3 Aeie aenoaieiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia
Ana yoi i?eaiaeeo e: oaaee/aiea yaaeoaoeee, en/aciiaaiea
?aoethena, aioeyiaoe/aneee yooaeo (i?ioeai?aioiue), oaaee/aiea
ia?enoaeueoeee oiieiai eeoa/ieea.
I?aia?aou_.: Iaoieeii?aieae (Oea?oeae), A?iiii?eae (Aeia?ae),
Aeiiia?eaeii (Iioeeeoi), Oeecai?eae (Eii?aeeiaen).
I?eiaiaiea_.: Ooieoeeiiaeueiua ia?ooaiey iioi?eee,
aeeniaioe/aneee neiae?ii, iaoai?eci, aoiiey aeaeoaeea,
?aoethen-ycioaaeo, oioiioa, ?aioa, eeioa, i?eaioiaeaiea e
?aioaaiieiae/aneiio enneaaeiaaieth.
Aioeia?aoe/aneea
Oneeeaatho nie?auaiey iuooe: I-oieeiiieiaoeee, eiaeaeoi?u
oieeiynoa?acu.Ineaaeytho nie?auaiey iuooe: I-oieeiiaeieaoi?u,
niaciieeoeee.
I?AIA?AOU I?EIAIssAIUA I?E AEIA?IIOI?EEA
I?eiaiythony i?e neiae?iia aeea?ae – aioeaeea?aeiua (yaeythony
neiioiiaoe/aneei ea/aieai – neaaeiaaoaeueii iaiaoiaeeii ni/aoaoue n
yoeio?iiiie oa?aieae)
Ino?ay ieuaaay eioieneeaoeey, aeea?aee (a oii /enea eaea?noaaiiua),
eciaiaiey ?aaeeia iiaoo auoue i?e/eiaie aeea?aeiiai neiae?iia.
Aeiiieieoaeueiia i?eiaiaiea: O?iie/aneea caaieaaaiey eeoa/ieea,
eieeou, caaieaaaiey ia/aie e aeae/aauaiaeyueo iooae, iiaeaeaeoaei/iie
aeaeacu, yiceiiiaoee, aeecaaeoa?eic.
Iianiinoue: iioa?y aiaeu, yeaeo?ieeoia, oa?iaioia.
Eeanneoieaoeey
1 Iieieaeu oeaio?aeueiiai aeaenoaey (Aeeoaieeieneeao (?aanae),
Eiia?aieae (Eiiaeeoi)).
2 Aethieiee e eaeueoeee-niaea?aeauea: Aooaioeueaeo (Eaiiaeoao,
?aaaai, Iaieioanoiiai)
3 Ayaeouea n?aaenoaa: i?aia?aou aeniooa, Oaiiaeueaei,
i?aaie/aneea ayaeouea, Oaiiaeiii (Oaiiaeueaei + Yoae?eaeei
(aioenaioee))
4 Yioa?ini?aaiou: aeoeae?iaaiiue oaieue, Iieeoaiai, Eeaiini?a,
Niaeoa (noaaeeece?oao neecue, aaeni?ae?oao iainei e nieyioth eeneioo
aac oaaee/aiey iauaia).
5 Oieeii- e niaciieeoeee
Iaoaieci: Oiaiueoaiea nae?aoeee, oneeaiea ?aaani?aoeee aiaeu e
yeaeo?ieeoia, oiaiueoaiea iioi?eee, oiaiueoaiea /onoaeoaeueiinoe e
aeaenoaeth ?acae?aaeathueo aauanoa, oiaiueoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee
?acae?aaeathueo aauanoa ca n/ao aaeni?aoeee.
OEIEIOA?AIAAOE*ANEEA I?AIA?AOU. AIOEAEIOEEE
Oeieioa?aiaaoe/aneea n?aaenoaa, ia?acoaiua iee?ii?aaieciaie eee
iieo/aaiua ec ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia, a oii /enea neioaoe/aneea niaaeeiaiey
niiniaiua ecae?aoaeueii iiaeaaeyoue eee oaiaoaoue aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue
iee?ii?aaieciia.
E?iia iaaeeoeeiu aioeaeioeee oe?iei eniieuecothony a
eiina?aiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a naeueneii oicyenoaa(i?e ia?aaioea ii/a e
a ea/anoaa aeiaaaie a ei?i neioo). I?e yoii iaecaaaeii aicieeaao
i?iaeaia onoie/eainoe.
Onoie/eainoue
1.I?e?iaeiay (aeaeiaay) Ii?aaeaeyaony naienoaaie iee?ii?aaiecia
2.I?eia?aoaiiay
a) ia?ae/iay (aei ano?a/e n aioeaeioeeii)
a) aoi?e/iay (iinea ano?a/e n aioeaeioeeii)
A ?acoeueoaoa iooaoeee i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea aaiiia.
Iaoaieciu:
1.1 Eiaeoeaaoeey oa?iaioaie, neioace?oaiuie ia iniiaa nianoaaiiie
aaiaoe/aneie eioi?iaoeee iee?ii?aaiecia.
1.2 Oi aea ii ia iniiaa ieacieaeiuo aaiia
2 Oiaiueoaiea n?iaenoaa ?aoeaioi?ia (o/anoeia naycuaaiey) e
aioeaeioeeo
3 Ia?ooaiea i?iieeiiaaiey a eeaoeo (iniaaiii aeey aeaenoaothueo ia
aaeeiaue neioac)
4 Eciaiaiea i?iaeoeoeee aooieeoe/aneeo oa?iaioia
5 Eciaiaiea iaoaaieecia aieioue aei aeeth/aiey aioeaeioeea a
iaoaaieeci
I?eioeeiu i?eiaiaiey aioeaeioeeia_.:
1 Ouaoaeueiue, aaeoa?eieiae/anee iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiue aeeaaiic
2 Iacia/aiea aioeaeioeeia a iioeiaeueiuo aeicao (iacia/aiea a
iaeuo aeicao i?eaiaeeo e aicieeiiaaieth onoie/eauo oi?i)
3 Aeeeoaeueiia ea/aiea
4 ?aiiaa ia/aei ea/aiey
5 Eiiaeie?iaaiea aioeaeioeeia
6 ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea “aioeaeioeeia ?aca?aa”
Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aioeaeioeeia
Eeneioionoie/eainoue (aeey aiciiaeiinoe yioa?aeueiiai aaaaeaiey),
Nei?inoue ananuaaiey (aunieay)
Nei?inoue auaaaeaiey, Iooe auaeaeaiey, N?iaenoai e i?aaiai,
Oiene/aneia aeaenoaea (ionoonoaea)
E o?aaiaaieyi e aioeaeioeeo ioiinyony (e?iia iniiaiuo
oa?aeoa?enoee)- oaeiaiay eaea?noaaiiay oi?ia.
Iaieoeeeeeiu: i?e?iaeiua, aeineioaoe/aneea, iieoneioaoe/aneea.
A ninoaa iaieoeeeeeiia aoiaeyo aeaa no?oeoo?iua /anoe:
oeacieeaeeiiaia eieueoei (?ac?ooaaony aieaeacaie) e aaoa-eaeoaiiia
eieueoei (?ac?ooaaony aaoa-eaeoaiacaie). I?e ?ac?ooaiee
oeacieeaeeiiaiai eieueoea ia?acoaony 6-aieiiiaieoeeeeaiiaay eeneioa, i?e
i?eniaaeeiaiee e iae ?acee/iuo ?aaeeeaeia ia?acothony iieoneioaoe/aneea
iaieoeeeeeiu.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey iaieoeeeeeiia: ia?ooaiea neioaca eeaoi/iie
noaiee.
Eeaoi/iay noaiea auiieiyao neaaeothuea ooieoeee:
Caueoa, ?aaoeyoeey iniioe/aneiai aeaaeaiey, iinoiyinoai oi?iu
iee?ii?aaiecia. Iniiaiia aauanoai eeaoi/iie noaiee – iieeia? io?aei,
ninoiyuee ec io?aiee-iaioeaeia. Neioac io?aiee-iaioeaeia ia/eiaaony ni
noi?iiu oeeoiieaciaoe/aneie iaia?aiu aaeoa?eaeueiie eeaoee. Ia iao?eoea
5-o?eaeeeaeeoinoaoa ia/eiaaony neioac io?aiee-iaioeaea: nia/aea
i?eniaaeeiyaony N-aoeaoeeio?aiiaay eeneioa, caoai iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
ec 4-5 aieiieeneio, caoai – N-aoeaoeeaetheicaiei. Ia?acothueeny
io?aiee-iaioeae iinooiaao ia?oaeo, e ianoo nai?ee eeaoi/iie noaiee e
iieeia?ecoaony iiae aeaenoaeai o?ainiaioeaeac e iieeia?ac.
Aeaenoaea iaieoeeeeeiia:
1 Oaiaoaiea o?ainii?oiie ooieoeee 5-o?eaeeeaeeoinoaoa
2 Oaiaoaiea o?ainiaioeaeac e iieeia?ac
3 Noiaeanoue n N-aoeaoeeio?aiiaie eeneioie iicaieyao
iaieoeeeeeiai ano?aeaaoueny aianoi iaa a neioac, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
i?ae?auaieth neioaca. Iaaeinoaoie N-aoeaoeeio?aiiaie eeneiou e
io?aiee-iaioeaeu ia iieeia?ecothony. Neioac aaeea i?iaeieaeaaony, a
eeaoi/iay noaiea ia oaaee/eaaaony – ?ino inoaiaaeeaaaony e iee?ii?aaieci
ia?aoiaeeo a oi?io noa?iieanoa. Noa?iieanou iaeaaeatho nieaeaiiie
ae?oeaioiinoueth e onoie/eainoueth e eo oie/oiaeatho caueoiua neeu
i?aaiecia.
Anoue niaoeeaeueiua eaiaeu e ianoa naycuaaiey (caueoa –
oiaiueoaiea o?iiiinoe iaieoeeeeeiia eee naycuaaiea iaieoeeeeeiia n
aaoa-eaeoaiacaie).
Yooaeo iaieoeeeeeiia:
1 Yooaeo aaeoa?einoaoe/aneee
2 Aeaenoaoao ia iieiaeua, ?anoouea eeaoee
3 Iaoeaeaniia?acii eiiaeie?iaaoue n oaiaoathueie neioac aaeea
4 Aieaa /oanoaeoaeueiu e iaieoeeeeeiai i?inoi ono?iaiiua
iee?ii?aaieciu.
Iao?eaaay e eaeeaaay nieue aaiceeiaieoeeeeeia
Aeaenoaotho ia A?aii (+) eieee: no?aioieiee, noaoeeieiee,
iiaaiieiee, ii nae/an aei 90 ooaiiia no?aioieieeia e noaoeeieieeia
onoie/eau e noa?ui iaieoeeeeeiai. Aeaenoaotho ia A?aii (-):
aiiieiee, iaieiaieiee, aeaaeiay o?aiiiaia, aicaoaeeoaeue neae?neie ycau.
Aeice?othony a aaeeieoeao aeaenoaey (AAe). 1 AAe = 0.4-0.6 iee?ia?aiia
e?enoaeee/aneiai i?aia?aoa. Aaiaeyony ia?yioa?aeueii (eaeeaaoth nieue
ia aaiaeeoue yiaeiethiaaeueii). Aei 90% naycuaaaony n aaeeaie ieaciu.
Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 20-30 ieioo e iinea 3-4 /ania eiioeaio?aoeey
nieaeaaony ieaea yooaeoeaiie. Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a i?aaiu e oeaie,
auaiaeeony ii/eaie. Ieioi i?iieeaao /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee
aa?uea? (i?e ainiaeaieyo – eo/oa).
Iaaeinoaoee:
1 Iaaiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey yioa?aeueii (i?aia?aou
iaeeneioionoie/eau)
2 Iaeay aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey (i?eiaiaiea 4-6 ?ac a nooee)
3 Aeea?aee (oe?iei ano?a/athony e eioaineaiua – aeaeatho
i?iao)
4 Oceee niaeo? aeaenoaey
5 Iaee/ea onoie/eauo oi?i
Aeineioaoe/aneea iaieoeeeeeiu
Eeneioionoie/eaua: Oaiieneiaoeeiaieoeeeeei (ioee/aaony oieueei
eeneioionoie/eainoueth)
I?ieiiae?iaaiiiai aeaenoaey: Iiaieaeiiaay nieue aaiceeiaieoeeeeeia.
Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 12 /ania, aaiaeeoue oieueei aioo?eiuoa/ii.
Aeoeeeeei-1,-3,-5:
Aeoeeeeei-1 aei 7 aeiae, aeoeeeeei-3 aei 6-10 aeiae,
aeoeeeeei-5 aei 21 aeiy eee 1 ianyoea. Aaiaeyony oieueei aioo?eiuoa/ii
(aieaciaiii!). Auniei aeoeaiu i?ioea nie?ioao, A?aii (+) eieeai, ii e
onoie/eainoue ?acaeaaaony auno?aa.
Iieoneioaoe/aneea iaieoeeeeeiu
Iaoeoeeeeei
Aeaenoaoao ia oei?o onoie/eaoth e iaieoeeeeeiai, aieaa aeoeaai.
Ienaoeeeeei
Eeneioionoie/ea (iiaeii i?eiaiyoue aioo?ue), aeaenoaoao ia
onoie/eauo e iaieoeeeeeio, onoie/eainoue e iaio ?acaeaaaony
iaaeeaiiaa.
Aeeeeienaoeeeeei
Aieaa eeneioionoie/ea, aeaenoaoao a iaoeoeeeeei-onoie/eaua
noaoeeieieee.
N ?anoe?aiiui niaeo?ii aeaenoaey:
Aiieoeeeeei_. e Aiieneoeeeeei (ia neiiieiu)
Aeaenoaoao ia aaeoa?ee eeoa/iie a?oiiu, onoie/eainoue ?acaeaaaony
iaaeeaiii, aeaenoaoao ia noaoeeieieee e no?aioieieee onoie/eaua e
iaieoeeeeeiai. Aaiaeeony ia?yioa?aeueii.
Ea?aaieoeeeeei_. e Aceioeeeeei
Aeiiieieoaeueii yooaeoeaai i?ioea iaei/ee neiacaeaiiai aiiy,
aoeueaa?iiai i?ioay. Auaiaeeony ia 80% n ii/eaie, inoaeueiia n
aeae/ueth. Aaiaeeony ia?yioa?aeueii.
Aoeeaeioeeeeei
I?aeiouanoaaiii aeaenoaoao ia A?aii (-) oei?o.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea
1 Aeea?ae/aneea ?aaeoeee (ia?ae?anoii ia a?oiio) ii
eioaineaiinoe aei aiaoeeaeoe/aneiai oiea (/onoaeoaeueiinoue ii i?iaa
eee aiaiiaco)
2 Ianoiia ?acae?aaeaiea
a) Aeey oao, eioi?ua i?eieiatho yioa?aeueii – aeinneou e
noiiaoeou
a) Aeey aaiaeeiuo ia?yioa?aeueii – aaiaeeoue n ?anoai?ii
iiaieaeia
3 Iae?ioiene/aneia aeaenoaea (a aieueoeo aeicao) – aucuaatho
oeaio?aeueioth ?aioo (iniaaiii i?e yiaeiethiaaeueiii aaaaeaiee)
4 Ea?aeeioiene/iinoue (i?e i/aiue aieueoeo aeicao – 40.000.000
AAe)
OeAOAEINII?EIU
I?iecaiaeiua aieiioeaoaeinii?iiiaie eeneiou. Iioiaee ia
iaieoeeeeeiu, oiaea eiaeae?otho neioac eeaoi/iie noaiee. A oeaeii
neeueiaa iaieoeeeeeiia (neeueiaa oaiaoatho 5-o?eaeeeaeeoinoao,
aieueoa iioiaee ia N-aoeaoeeio?aiiaoth eeneioo). Iaeaaeatho
neia?aeciii ii ioiioaieth e iaieoeeeeeiai. Oa?aeoa?ii aaeoa?eoeeaeiia
aeaenoaea.
1 iieieaiea
Oeaoaeioei (Eaoeei), Oeaoacieei (Eaocie), Oeaoaeaaeei (Oeaia?ei),
Oeaoaeaenei (Oeaia?aen). Aunieay aeoeaiinoue e A?aii (+), a oii
/enea e onoie/eaui e iaieoeeeeeiai. ?ac?ooathony aaoa-eaeoaiacaie, ii
iaaeeaiiaa – ia anaaaea iieiay ia?ae?anoiay onoie/eainoue e e
iaieoeeeeeiai.
Oeaoaeaaeei (Oeaia?ei)
Aeoeaai i?ioea aicaoaeeoaeae: neae?neie ycau, yioa?ieieeia,
aoeueaa?iiai i?ioay, ia aeoeaai i?ioea A?aii (-) aiay?iaia e iaei/ee
neiacaeaiiai aiiy. I?e aioo?eiuoa/iii aaaaeaiee ia/aei /a?ac 30 ieioo
e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 7-8 /ania, i?e aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee ia/aei
/a?ac 10 ieioo e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 2 /ana. Iiiai iiiaaeaao a ii/ee,
ia/aiue, iaiueoa – a eaaeea. Auaiaeeony /a?ac ii/ee i?inoie
oeeueo?aoeeae 90%. Iiai/ii: aeea?aee, eaeeiiaiey, iao?ioiene/iinoue.
Oeaoaeioei (Eaoeei)
Niaeo? e aeoeaiinoue ?aaia i?aaeuaeouaio, nicaeaaony aieueoay
eiioeaio?aoeey a ieacia, eo/oa i?iieeaao a i?aaiu. I?e aioo?eiuoa/iii
aaaaeaiee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 3-4 /ana.
Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a ieaa?aeueioth e ia?eoiiaaeueioth iieinoe,
eaaeea, eo/oa, /ai Oeaia?ei i?iieeaao /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee
aa?uea?. Iiai/iia aeaenoaea: aeea?aee, iaeo?iiaiey, iao?ioiene/iinoue
+ aieaciaiiinoue i?e aaaaeaiee e oeaaeou.
Oeaoacieei (Eaocie)
Niaeo? oio aea + aieaa neeueiia aeaenoaea ia A?aii (-),
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 10 /ania, iaiueoa
iao?ioiene/iinoue.
Oeaoaeaenei (Oeaia?aen)
Iiaeii i?eiaiyoue aioo?ue, ananuaaaony aei 90%. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey 8-12 /ania. Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a i?aaiu, iniaaiii iiiai
niaea?aeeony a eaaeeo.
I?eiaiaiea_.:
Ea/aiea caaieaaaiee eaaeeo, ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae, ianoii – ioeoia,
oiiceeeoia, aiieie/eiauo caaieaaaiee eiaee, inoaiieaeeoia (oi?ioi
i?iieeatho).
Iiai/ii:
Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa, ia?ooaiey aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai o?aeoa
(ia i/aiue au?aaeaiiua), aeecaaeoa?eic, aeea?aee.
2 iieieaiea
Oeaoaiaiaeie (Iaiaeie), Oeaoaeneoei (Iaoieneoei), Oeaoo?ienei (Ceiaoeao)
– i?eiaiythony aioo?eiuoa/ii e aioo?eaaiii, Oeaoaeei? (Oeaeei?) –
i?eiaiyaony aioo?ue.
Oeaoo?ienei
?anoe?aiiue niaeo? aeaenoaey (20000 ooaiiia), aeaenoaoao e ia A?aii (+)
e ia A?aii (-), a oii /enea ia onoie/eaua e iaieoeeeeeiai e
oeaoaeinii?eiai 1 iieieaiey onoie/ea e ( -eaeoaiacai.
Aaeoa?einoaoe/aneee yooaeo, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 3-4 /ana (aei 8
/ania). Oi?ioi iiiaaeaao a nieiiie iica, ieaa?aeueioth iieinoue,
ieiiao?ee, aioo?ue aeac, einoioth oeaiue.
Iieacaiey:
Iineaiia?aoeeiiiay eioaeoeey, ia eaeaioeoeoee?iaaiiue aicaoaeeoaeue,
nainen, inoaiieaeeou, iaieiaeou.
Iiai/iua aeaenoaey_.: (au?aaeaiu iaiueoa /ai o 1 iieieaiey) Oeaaeou
(?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea), aeea?aee, iao?ioiene/iinoue.
3 iieieaiea
Auniei aeoeaiu e A?aii (-), aeoeaiu a ioiioaiee neiaaiieiie iaei/ee
(i?aia?ao auai?a). Aunieay onoie/eainoue e ( -eaeoaiacai, iao
ia?ae?anoiie onoie/eainoe e oeaoaeinii?eiai 1 iieieaiey. Aeoeaiinoue ii
ioiioaieth e A?aii (+) ia i?aauoaao aeoeaiinoue iieoneioaoe/aneeo
iaieoeeeeeiia e oeaoaeinii?eiia 1 e 2 iieieaiee.
Oeaoaoienei (Eeaoi?ai), Oeaoie?acii (Oeaoiaeae), Oeaooaceaeei (Oi?ooi).
Oeaoie?acii (Oeaoiaeae)
Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a oeaie, einoue, nieiiiiicaiaoth aeeaeeinoue,
auaeaeyaony n ii/ie e aeae/ueth. I?eiaiyaony i?e naioeoeaiee,
iaieiaeoao, ia?eoiieoao, aeooa?neii nainena, inoaiieaeeoa. Iiai/ii:
aeea?aey, iaeo?iiaiey, ia?ooaiea ooieoeee ia/aie.
eiiaaea – aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa.
Oeaooaceaeei (Oi?ooi)
Oeoeaai ii ioiioaieth e iaei/ea neiacaeaiiai aiiy, yooaeoeaiinoue 94%.
iaiaa oiene/ai.
N?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea oeaoaeinii?eiia ?aciuo iieieaiee.
A?aii (+) A?aii (-) Aiay?iau
1 iieieaiea +++ + –
2 iieieaiea ++ ++ +/-
3 iieieaiea + +++ +
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea oeaoaeinii?eiia (eoia)
1 Aeea?ae/aneea ?aaeoeee
2 Iao?ioiene/iinoue (Oeaoaei?eaeei – oeie/ii)
3 Eaeeiiaiey, iaeo?iiaiey (i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee
aieueoeo aeic)
4 Ia?ooaiey AEEO anee i?eiaiyaony aioo?ue – oioiioa, ?aioa,
aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa, anee aeieai – aeecaaeoa?eic.
5 Eiaeii iieiaeeoaeueiay ?aaeoeey ia naoa? Oeaoaei?eaeei,
Oeaoaeaenei
6 Eoia?eiiiiaeiaiue yooaeo, aeiii?io?iiaeyiey, noaei?iaeiua
?aaeoeee (i?e yiaeiethiaaeueiii aaaaeaiee aieueoeo aeic i?e ea/aiee
iaieiaeoa (aieaa 50 ieeeea?aiiia)).
OAO?AOeEEEEIU
1 iieieaiea:
Oao?aoeeeeei, ieneoao?aoeeeeei
2 iieieaiea:
Aeieneoeeeeei (Aea?iieoeei), Ieiioeeeeei, Iaoaoeeeeei, Ii?oioeeeeei.
Ii?oioeeeeei a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia i?eiaiyaony.
Niaeo? oe?ieee: aeaenoaoao ia ana, e?iia aiiieieeia,
aoeueaa?iiai i?ioay, iaei/ee neiacaeaiiai aiiy, aicaoaeeoaey
ooaa?eoeaca, 70-80 ooaiiia noaoeeieieeia e no?aioieieeia
(onoie/eainoue).
Iaoaieci: Ia?ooaao neioac aaeea
1 Oiaiueoaao yoai aeoeae?iaaiey aieiieeneio e eo naycuaaiea n
o?ainii?oiie ?IE
2 Oaiaoaiea o?ainii?oa ?IE e ?eainiiai
3 Ia?ooaiea aoiaea o?ainii?oiie ?IE ia ?eainiio e n/eouaaiea.
Aeiiieieoaeueiua iaoaieciu aeaenoaey:
1 Ia?aciaaiea oaeaoiuo niaaeeiaiee n eiiaie iaaiey e ia?aaioea.
2 Oaiaoaiea ieeneeoaeueiiai oinoi?eee?iaaiey
3 Ia?ooaiea i?iieoeaaiinoe oeeoiieaciaoe/aneie iaia?aiu.
Yooaeo aaeoa?einoaoe/aneee, yooaeoeaiinoue i?ioea iieiaeuo oi?i.
Oao?aoeeeeei e Ieneoao?aoeeeeei
I?eiaiythony aioo?ue, ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 1.5-2 /ana,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aei 8-10 /ania. Aeoeaiinoue ?acei oiaiueoaaony a
i?enoonoaee 2-o e 3-o aaeaioiuo eiiia, aeiaeinooiiinoue nieaeaaony
i?e oiio?aaeaiee iyniie e iiei/iie ieue (neaaeiaaoaeueii oiio?aaeyoue
aei aaeu). Niee oao?aoeeeeeia (aeae?ioei?eae) i?eiaiythony
aioo?eiuoa/ii. Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 30 ieioo i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aei 8 /ania. A ieacia naycuaaaony iacia/eoaeueii, oi?ioi i?iieeaao a
ia/aiue, ii/ee, eaaeea. Ecae?aoaeueii iaeaieeaaaony a ainiaeaiiuo
oeaiyo, ia?acoao eiiieaeniiu n eiiaie eaeueoeey, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
ea?eano e inoaiii?ico. Iiiai iaeaieeaaaony a aeae/e, nae?aoe?oaony n
iieieii iaoa?e. Iaeaieeaaaony a ieaa?aeueiie iieinoe, ieioi i?iieeaao
/a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea? e a nieiiiiicaiaoth aeeaeeinoue.
I?e ia?yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee auaiaeeony a iniiaiii ii/eaie, i?e i?eaia
aioo?ue ia 50% auaiaeeony /a?ac eeoa/iee.
Iaoaoeeeeei
Eo/oa ananuaaaony, aeeeoaeueii aeaenoaoao (i?eai 2 ?aca a nooee),
eoioee?oao, eo/oa i?iieeaao a oeaie, iaiaa oiene/ai.
Aea?iieoeei
Iaiueoa naycuaaaony n 2-o aaeaioiuie eiiaie, eo/oa ananuaaaony,
iaeaaeaao i?ieiiae?iaaiiui aeaenoaeai. Aeica nieaeaia, yooaeoeaiay
eiioeaio?aoeey nio?aiyaony aei 20 /ania, ?anoe?ai niaeo?. I?aia?ao
oi?ioi i?iieeaao a eaaeea, ia eoioee?oao (eee eoioee?oao iaiueoa),
aucuaaao iaiueoa iiai/iuo yooaeoia. Iiaeii i?eiaiyoue i?e ea/aiee ii/ae,
eo?n aei 10 aeiae.
Eeiioeeeeei
Naiue aeoeaiue ec oao?aoeeeeeiia, iaiueoa ia?ae?anoiay onoie/eainoue,
aeiaeinooiiinoue aei 90%. Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 24 /ania.
Eoioee?oao, i?iieeaao /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea?.
Aaeeinoaaiiue i?aia?ao, iiai/iui yooaeoii eioi?iai yaeythony
aanoeaoey?iua ia?ooaiey.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea oao?aoeeeeeiia (eae i?aaeei i?e aeeeoaeueiii
i?eiaiaiee a aieueoeo aeicao)
1 Aaiaoioiene/iinoue, iniaaiii i?e ia?ooaieyo ooieoeee ia/aie
2 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa, a 10-15% – aeea?ay
3 ?acae?aaeaiea neecenoie (i?e i?eaia aioo?ue) – noiiaoeou,
aeinneou.
4 Aeea?aee (?aaeei)
5 Oiaiueoaiea i?io?iiaeia, nieaeaiea eiee/anoaa o?iiaioeeoia
(i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee a aieueoeo aeicao) – inoi?iaeii i?eiaiyoue
n aioeaa?aaaioaie.
6 Aeecaaeoa?eic ia?aoiaeyuee a eaiaeeaeic e eaiaeeaeiieeic e
i?e caiouaiee a eaiaeeaeinainen.
Iaycaoaeueii ia?aeeaeueiia iacia/aiea i?ioeaia?eaeiauo
i?aia?aoia !
AIOEAEIOEEE (i?iaeieaeaiea)
IAE?IEEAeU
Y?eo?iieoeei, Ieaaiaeiieoeei, 3-aoeaoeeieaaiaeiieoeei.
Eiaeae?oao neioac aaeea ia o?iaia ?eainii – i?eniaaeeiyaony e
?eainiia e i?aiyonoaoao aoiaeo o?ainii?oiie ?IE. A iaaieueoeo aeicao
i?aia?ao ieacuaaao aaeoa?einoaoe/aneia aeaenoaea, a aieueoeo aeicao
ieacuaaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiia aeaenoaea. ?aoeeiiaeueii eiiaeie?iaaoue n
oao?aoeeeeeiii. I?aia?aou auniei aeoeaiu i?ioea A?aii (+) eieeia, a oii
/enea onoie/eauo e iaieoeeeeeio e oao?aoeeeeeio. Anoue aeoeaiinoue
i?ioea A?aii (-) eieeia, ?eeeaonee e a?ooeaee, iaei aeoeaiu i?ioea
A?aii (-) iaei/ae. Oi?ioi i?iieeatho aioo?ue eeaoie, iaeaaeatho
ieceie oiene/iinoueth. I?eieiathony yioa?aeueii, oi?ioi ananuaathony
(aeiaeinooiiinoue caaeneo io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie /onoaeoaeueiinoe).
3-aoeaoeeieaaiaeiieoeei ananuaaaony eo/oa ae?oaeo i?aia?aoia
a?oiiu. I?aia?aou iacia/aaony a aeica 0.5 a (500000 AAe). Ia/aei
aeaenoaey /a?ac 2-3 /ana, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 6-8 /ania.
O 3-aoeaoeeieaaiaeiieoeeia aeaenoaea ia/eiaaony auno?aa e aeeeony
aeieueoa. Eiiaaea iae?ieeaeu aaiaeyony ia?yioa?aeueii (aioo?eiuoa/ii),
ii o yoiai niiniaa iao iniauo i?aeiouanoa: ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 20-40
ieioo e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 4-6 /ania.
Iae?ieeaeu oi?ioi i?iieeatho a i?aaiu e oeaie, iiiai iaeaieeaaaony a
ia/aie (nae?aoe?othony /a?ac aeae/ue), eaaeeo, i?e ainiaeaiee
i?iieeatho /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea?. Auaeaeythony a iniiaiii
/a?ac ii/ee (/a?ac eeoa/iee – 30%).
Iieacaiey e i?eiaiaieth:
Iiaaiiiee ?acenoaioiua e ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai, aiieiua ieaa?eou, ?aiaaay
eioaeoeey, eioaeoeey ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa (aeeneiioi?o, oioiioa, ?aioa –
?aaea), aeea?aey, eaea?noaaiiay aeaeoooa (oa?aeoa?ii aeey
3-aoeaoeeieaaiaeiieoeeia).
Ieaoao?ei_. (1/3 Ieaaiaeiieoeeia + 2/3 Oao?aoeeeeeia)
Oaaee/aia ananuaaaiinoue, eo/oa i?iieeaao a i?aaiu, oe?a niaeo?
aeaenoaey, iaaeeaiiaa iiyaeythony onoie/eaua oi?iu. Oao?aieaai – oiaea
naiia, ii iiaeii aaiaeeoue aioo?eiuoa/ii.
Ieaii?oioeeeeei – iiaeii aaiaeeoue aioo?eaaiii e aioo?eiuoa/ii,
ii inoaeinue ianoii?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea (oeaaeou). ?iciieoeei –
oaaee/aiiay aeoeaiinoue e A?aii (-) iaei/eai. Ieaeaeaieoeei
(Iae?iiai) – oaaee/aia aeoeaiinoue i?ioea A?aii (+), iniaaiii
i?ioea noaoeeieieeia. I?aia?ao ?aca?aa a neo/aa noaoeeieieeiaiai
nainena.
Aceo?iieoeei (Noiaiaae) – Iaeaaeaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiui aeaenoaeai,
niaeo? aeaenoaey oe?a, /ai y?eo?iieoeei, aeeth/aao ieeiieaci e
oeaieaeee, oiaiueoaia aeoeaiinoue i?ioea eeoa/iuo aaeoa?ee, i?eieiaaony
aioo?ue, i?ieiiae?iaaiiia aeaenoaea (1 ?ac a nooee).
A?OIIA EAAIIEOeAOEIA
Eaaiieoeaoei e aai niee (noaa?ao (Yoeaaiieoeaoei) – ia iaeaaeaao
ai?ueeei aeonii e ianoiui ?acae?aaeathuei aeaenoaeai). Noeoeeiao
eaaiieoeaoeia – i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?yioa?aeueiiai aaaaeaiey.
Neioiieoeei – nianue eaai- e i?aaia?auathueo oi?i (iaeaaeaao
iieiaeiiie aeoeaiinoueth). I?aia?aou aeaiiie a?oiiu aeoeaiu a ioiioaiee
noaoeeieieeia ?acenoaioiuo e iaieoeeeeeio e oao?aoeeeeeio, A?aii (-)
iaei/eai, nie?ioaoai, ?eeeaoneyi. I?aia?aou auai?a aeey ea/aiey eeoa/iuo
eioaeoeee.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey:
Oaiaoatho neioac aaeea
1 I?eniaaeeiyynue e ?eainiia
2 Oi?iicyo o?IE
3 Ia?ooatho ooieoeee iieeia?ac e o?ainiaioeaeac
4 ?ac?ooatho iieeiaioeaeiua nayce
Iaeaaeatho aaeoa?einoaoe/aneei aeaenoaeai. I?eaiaeyo e aeoeaaoeee
neioaca eeaoi/iie noaiee (ia iacia/aoue aianoa n iaieoeeeeeiaie –
aeaenoaea i?ioeaiiieiaeii).
I?ioeaiiee?iaiia aeaenoaea neeueii oaiaoaaony a uaei/iie n?aaea, i?e
?I = 9 aeaenoaea iiaeao en/acaoue. Ananuaathony aei 90%, noaa?ao –
aeaaea aieueoa. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 5-6 /ania. O aeaoae e
iniaaiii iiai?iaeaeaiuo aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey cia/eoaeueii aieueoa,
/ai o ac?ineuo. I?aia?aou oi?ioi i?iieeatho a ia/aiue, ieaa?aeueioth e
ia?eoiiaaeueioth iieinoue, nae?aoe?othony a iieiei iaoa?e.
I?eiaiaiea: 1,2,3 – iniiaiia
1 Aaeoa?eaeueiua aeecaioa?ee
2 A?thoiie oeo
3 A?ooeaeeac
4 Ieaeioeenoeo
5 ?eeeaoneicu
6 Nainen (Noeoeeiao eaaiieoeaoeia)
I?aia?aou oiene/iu, eo iiai/iia aeaenoaea: Oeea?ae/aneea
?aaeoeee, ?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea ia AEEO (aeea?ay e ?aioa) –
i?eiaiythony oieueei a noaoeeiia?a, aa?aioeioeeoicu (i?iecaiaeeoue
eiio?ieue ea?oeiu e?iae), ineoiiioi?iua ?aaeoeee (oa?aeoa?ii aeey
noeoeeiaoa), io?eoeaoaeueiia eiio?iiiia aeaenoaea, eaiaeeaeic,
eaiaeeaeiieeic.
A?OIIA AIEIIAEEEICEAeIA
Iiaea?oiia No?aioiieoeeia
Noeueoao No?aioiieoeeia aue ioe?uo a 1943 aiaeo.
Aeeaeae?ino?aioiieoeei, noeueoao, iaioioaiao (nieue iaioioaiiaie
eeneiou), anei?aeiao no?aioiieoeeia. Oei?eaeueoeeaaue eiiieaen
no?aioiieoeeia – aeey yiaeiethiaaeueiiai aaaaeaiey.
I?eiaiaiea:
1 Iniiaiia – ea/aiea ooaa?eoeaca
2 A?ooeaeeac
3 Ooey?aiey
4 Iaeioi?ua aeaeu naeueiiiaee
I/aiue auno?i iiyaeythony onoie/eaua oi?iu.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey:
Ia?ooaiea neioaca aaeea ca n/ao oeene?iaaiey ia ?eainiia (a
ae?oaii ianoa ioiineoaeueii iaieoeeeeeiia), ia?ooaiea
i?ino?ainoaaiiie eiioeao?aoeee iao?e/iie e o?ainii?oiie ?IE, i?ienoiaeeo
naeaea o?eieaoiiai eiaea e aicieeaao 2 aiciiaeiinoe:
1 Aieiieeneioa ia ano?aeaaaony ia naia ianoi – ia?ooaiea neioaca
aaeea
2 Ano?aeaaaony ae?oaay aieiieeneioa – neioace?oaony /oaea?iaeiue
aeey eeaoee aaeie – ia?ooaiea ooieoeee eeaoee.
E?iia yoiai aeaenoaey iaeaaeatho niiniaiinoueth ?ac?ooaoue
oeeoiieaciaoe/aneoth iaia?aio, /oi i?eaiaeeo e:
1 Ia?ooaieth iniina
2 Oaaee/aiea aoiaea naiiai i?aia?aoa aioo?ue eeaoee
3 Neia?aeci n iaieoeeeeeiii
I?eiaiythony ia?yioa?aeueii (aeoeaiinoue nieaeaaony a i?enoonoaee
aaeeiauo i?eianae, ieeneeoaeae), a aeaea ay?icieae, yiaeiethiaaeueii.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 8-10 /ania. I?aia?aou neeueii
i?iieeatho a eaaeea, ii/ee,iieinoe e aeeaeeinoe, i?e ainiaeaiee – /a?ac
aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea?, i/aiue eaaei i?iieeatho /a?ac
ieaoeaioo. Auaiaeyony /a?ac ii/ee (60-80%)
I?eiaiaiea:
Ooaa?eoeac, aaeoa?eaeueiua yiaeiea?aeeou, iiaaiiiee,
a?ooeaeeac, ia?eoiieo
I?aia?aou oiene/iu – i?eiaiythony oieueei a noaoeeiia?a.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea
1 Ii?aaeaiea neooa (iaia?aoeiue iaa?eo neooiaiai ia?aa,
ia?ooaiea ei?oeaaa aiia?aoa, ia?ooaiey oeaio?aeueiie /anoe neooiaiai
?aoeaioi?a – i?eaiaeeo e iaia?aoeiie iioa?a neooa).
2 Ii?aaeaiey aanoeaoey?iiai aiia?aoa
3 Iao?iiaoe/aneia aeaenoaea
Iaioioaiao – iaiueoa iiai/iuo yooaeoia (aeea?aey, ii?aaeaiey
ia/aie).
A?oiia i?aia?aoia 1-ai iieieaiey Iiiiieoeei, Iaiieoeei,
Eaiaieoeei.
Iaiieoeeia noeueoao
Oe?ieee niaeo? aeaenoaey e?iia aiay?iaia, ii iaoaiecio i?eia?ii
niioaaonoaoao no?aioiieoeeio, ii iaeaaeaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiui yooaeoii –
iaiueoay nei?inoue ?acaeoey onoie/eauo oi?i.
I?e i?eiaiaiee aioo?eiuoa/ii auno?i ananuaaaony e aeaenoaoao 8-10
/ania. Ec eeoa/ieea ia ananuaaaony – anee i?eiaiyaony yioa?aeueii, oi
aeey ea/aiey ianoiuo eeoa/iuo eioaeoeee.
I?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey yioa?eoia, eieeoia, noa?eeecaoeee
eeoa/ieea i?e iia?aoeeyo ia eeoa/ieea, ianoii aeey ea/aiey aiieiuo
ii?aaeaiee eiaee.
Iiiiieoeei
Iioiae ia Iaiieoeei, ii neaaaa aeaenoaoao ia iiaaiieieee e
no?aioieieee, aeaenoaoao ia i?inoaeoeo: aiaaa, eaeoiaiey. I?e
ia?yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 2-2.5
/ana. I?eiaiaiea: yioa?eou, oiene/aneea aeeniainee, aiaaiay
aeecaioa?ey, eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae, eiaeiue eaeoiaieic.
Eaiaieoeeia noeueoao e iiiinoeueoao
Niaeo? iioiae ia iiiiieoeei, aeaaiia i?eiaiaiea – ea/aiea ooaa?eoeaca,
iiaeao aeaenoaiaaoue ia no?aioieiee onoie/eaue e ae?oaei
aioeaeioeeai. I?e aioo?eiuoa/iii aaaaeaiee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey 8-10 /ania. Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a eaaeea, a?iioeaeueioth
neecue, aeae/ue, i?e ainiaeaiee i?ioiaeeo /a?ac aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee
aa?uea?, i?ioiaeeo /a?ac ieaoeaioo. Auaiaeeony ii/eaie. ssaeyaony
?aca?aiui n?aaenoaii aeey ea/aiey ooaa?eoeaca.
I?aia?aou oiene/iu, iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
1 Ioioiene/aneia – iaiaoiaeeii aeaeaoue aoaeeia?aiiu e i?e
ia?ooaiee neooa – ioiaieoue
2 Iao?ioiene/aneia
3 Eo?a?yiiaeiaiia (oneeeaaao aeaenoaea iei?aeaenaioia – iiaeao
i?eaiaeeoue e ia?ooaieth aeuoaiey)
4 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa, eiiaaea – oeaio?aeueiiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey
5 Aeea?aee
Iaeuecy eiiaeie?iaaoue ?aciua aieiiaeeeiceaeu iaaeaeo niaie – yoi
i?eaiaeeo e oneeaieth ioi- e iao?ioiene/aneiai aeaenoaey.
2-a iieieaiea_. – Aaioaieoeei
3-a iieieaiea_. – Oia?aieoeei e Aieeaoeei.
O i?aia?aoia 2-ai e 3-ai iieieaiee oaaee/aia aioeiee?iaiay
aeoeaiinoue (3-a iieieaiea > 2-a iieieaiea > 1-a iieieaiea), ?anoe?ai
niaeo? aeaenoaey (oaaee/aia aeoeaiinoue ii ioiioaieth e
yioa?iaaeoa?eyi), oaaee/aia i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey, iaiueoa
ia?ae?anoiay oiea?aioiinoue, iaiueoa ioi- e iao?ioiene/iinoue. I?aia?aou
?aca?aa!
I?eiaiaiea:
1 Oyaeaeay aiieiay eioaeoeey ?acenoaioiay e ae?oaei i?aia?aoai
2 Niaoaiiay eioaeoeey
3 Nainen
4 Oyaeaeua eioaeoeee aeuoaoaeueiiai e o?iaaieoaeueiiai o?aeoa
5 Inoaiieaeeou
?ACIUA I?AIA?AOU NO?AOAAE*ANEIAI ?ACA?AA
Iaieoeeeeeiu 4-ai iieieaiey
Iaceioeeeeei, Aceioeeeeei (i?iecaiaeiua Aiieoeeeeeia). Eo/oa
i?iieeatho a eeaoee, auaeaeythony a aeoeaiie oi?ia (i?eiaiythony aeey
ea/aiey eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae), oaaee/aia nae?aoeey a
aeae/ue, ?anoe?ai niaeo? aeaenoaey (aeaenoaotho ia A?aii (+) e A?aii
(-), i?ioae, yioa?ieiee, neiaaiieiay iaei/ea. Oeaeaniia?acii ni/aoaoue
n aieiiaeeeiceaeaie e oeaoaeinii?eiaie 2-ai e 3-ai iieieaiee.
?eoaieoeei
Aeoeaai a ioiioaiee no?aioieieeia onoie/eauo e ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai,
aicaoaeeoaey neae?neie ycau, aaciaie aaia?aiu, iaeaaeaao
aioeooaa?eoeaciui aeaenoaeai, aeaenoaoao a eiioeaio?aoeee 0.01 ia/ie.
IA aeoeaai a ioiioaiee eeoa/iie oei?u, i?ioay, naeueiiiaee, oeaaee.
Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a i?aaiu e oeaie, yooaeo i?eaeeaeaaony e
aaeoa?eoeeaeiiio, i?e yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaey 6-8 /ania. Naeaeoeaii iaeaieeaaaony a aeae/e (eiioeaio?aoeey
a 1000 ?ac aieueoa, /ai a ieacia). I?aia?ao i?ioiaeeo /a?ac
aaiaoiyioeaoaee/aneee aa?uea?. I/aiue auno?i ?acaeaaaony onoie/eainoue
– i?eiaiaiea oieueei ii ia?aie/aiiui iieacaieyi:
Noaoeeieieee ?acenoaioiua e ae?oaei i?aia?aoai, aanoeannu,
yiieaiu, nainen, oieaoeenoeou, oieaiaeou, ooaa?eoeac.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
Aeea?aee, oeaaeou i?e aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee, ia?ooaiey
ooieoeee ia/aie
?eoaiieoeei
?anoe?ai niaeo? aeaenoaey ii n?aaiaieth n ?eoaieoeeiii. Oi?ioi
ananuaaaony, aeaenoaoao ia i?ioae, no?aioieieee ?acenoaioiua e
iieoneioaoe/aneei iaieoeeeeeiai, aeoeaai a ioiioaiee a?ooeaee,
aicaoaeeoaey eai?u. Iiaeaaeyao neioac ?IE, iaeaaeaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiui
yooaeoii. Oeaeaniia?acii eiiaeie?iaaoue n oao?aoeeeeeiii,
iae?ieeaeaie.
I?eiaiaiea: ooaa?eoeac (iniiaiia), eai?a, aiii?ay onoie/eaay e
ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
Oioiioa, ?aioa, aaiaoioiene/iinoue, aeea?aee,ie?aoeaaiea ii/e e neac a
i?aiaeaaue oeaao.
Eeieiieoeei
Aeoeaai a ioiioaiee A?aii (+): no?aioieiee, iiaaiieiee onoie/eaua e
ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai. aeaenoaoao ia aicaoaeeoaeue neae?neie ycau,
aaciaie aaia?aiu. IA aeaenoaoao ia A?aii (-). Oi?ioi ananuaaaony,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 12 /ania. Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a
ia/aiue, ii/ee, /a?ac ieaoeaioo (a e?iae ieiaea aei 60-85%).
Nae?aoe?oaony a iieiei – aei 60-80%. Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a einoioth oeaiue
– aei 25%. Auaeaeyaony n ii/ie.
I?eiaiaiea:
Nainen, oyaeaeua caaieaaaiey eaaeeo (yiieaiu, aanoeannu),
naioe/aneea yiaeiea?aeeou, ino?ue e o?iie/aneee inoaiieaeeo.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
Ia?ooaiey AEEO (aeea?ae, eieeou), o?iiaioeeoiiaiey, aeea?aee, i?e
aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee – eieeain.
?enoiieoeei
Auniei aeoeaai e A?aii (+) onoie/eaui e ae?oaei i?aia?aoai, o A?aii (-)
– ia?ae/iay onoie/eainoue. Ia?ooaao neioac eeaoi/iie noaiee (eiaeae?oao
iieeia?ecaoeeth io?aiee-iaioeaeia).
Aaiaeeony aioo?eaaiii a aeica 10000-20000 AAe. Yioa?aeueii ieioi
ananuaaaony, auaiaeeony /a?ac ii/ee – 80%. Eaaei i?iieeaao a eeioo.
I?eiaiaiea: no?aioieieee onoie/eaua e ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea: o?iiaioeaaeou, aeea?aee, eaeei- e
iaeo?iiaiey, ioi- e iao?ioiene/aneia aeaenoaea.
Aaieiieoeei
Iaeaaeaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiui yooaeoii, iioeiaeueiay ?I = 8. Aeoeaai a
ioiioaiee iaoeoeeeeei-onoie/eauo noaoeeieieeia, IA aeaenoaoao ia
A?aii (-). Ia?ooaao neioac eeaoi/iie noaiee.
I?eiaiaiea: Oyaeaeay noaoeeieieeiaay eioaeoeey ?acenoaioiay e
iaoeoeeeeeio, i?e aeea?aeyo e iaieoeeeeeio (nieaeaia aeea?aaiiinoue).
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea: ioioiene/aneia, aeea?aee, iaeiieaiea a eaaeeo e
ieaa?a, iao?ioiene/iinoue.
Eeeiaeiieoeei_. (i?iecaiaeiia Eeieiieoeeia)
Aeoeaai a ioiioaiee A?aii (+) eieeia, eeino?eaeee, aiay?iaia. Eo/oa
ananuaaaony, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 12 /ania. Iiiai
i?iieeaao a ieiiao?ee, ia/aiue (iinooiaao a aeae/ue a aeoeaiie
oi?ia).
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea: ia?ooaiey AEEO (?aioa, aii?aeney, aeea?ay
(aei 30%)). Aucuaaao eieeou – aeieaeai i?eiaiyoueny no?iai ii
iieacaieyi.
Yooaeoeaii ni/aoaiea n Oia?aieoeeiii.
Oeaiai
Eieiaiai + noaaeeecaoi?.
Eieiaiai – naiue iiuiue n?aaee nouanoaothueo aioeaeioeeia. Iaeaaeaao
aaeoa?eoeeaeiui yooaeoii ii ioiioaieth ei anai eeeie/anee cia/eiui
oi?iai aicaoaeeoaeae. Onoie/ea e aaoa-eaeoaiacai, Au?aaeaiiue e
aeeeoaeueiue yooaeo iinea ioiaiu i?aia?aoa.
Noaaeeecaoi? (Oeeeinoaoei) – aunieiniaoeeoe/iue eiaeaeoi?
aeeaeae?iiaioeaeacu, eioi?ay iaania/eaaao auaeaeaiea Eieiaiaia /a?ac
ii/ee. 70% auaeaeyaony a iaeciaiaiiii aeaea.
Ieceay i?iieoeaaiinoue aaeoa?eaeueiie noaiee – auno?i i?ioiaeeo
/a?ac niaoeeaeueiua eaiaeu. Aaoa-eaeoaiacu iaaeaeo eeaoi/iie noaieie e
oeeoiieaciaoe/aneie iaia?aiie – onoie/ea. Eciaiaiiue o/anoie
naycuaaiey – naycuaaaony n ae?oaei ioiineoaeueii iaieoeeeeeiia o/anoeii.
I?aeoe/anee ia au?aaaouaaaony ?acenoaioiinoue. Ia eoioee?oao,
iacia/eoaeueii iiaeeoeoee?oaony ia/aiueth. Naycuaaaony n aaeeaie ieaciu
ia aieaa 20-25% (aeoeaai). Inoi?iaeiinoue i?e:
Caaieaaaieyo AEEO (eieeoao), aa?aiaiiinoe (i?eiaiaiea ii aeeciaiiui
iieacaieyi), i?e a?oaeiii anea?ieeaaiee, aeaoyi, i?e ia?ooaiee ooieoeee
ii/ae, /a?aiiiiicaiauo o?aaiao.
Ni/aoaiea i?aia?aoia YOOAEO
Iaieoeeeeeiu + aieiiaeeeiceaeu
Iae?ieeaeu + iaieoeeeeeiu, oeaoaeinii?eiu, iieeieeneiu, eaaiieoeaoei.
i?e aaaaeaiee a iaeiii oi?eoea eee iineaaeiaaoaeueii – nieaeaiea
aioeaaeoa?eaeueiie aeoeaiinoe
Oao?aoeeeeei + iiei/iua i?iaeoeou (+ i?aia?aou aeaeaca) Nieaeaiea
aeiaeinooiiinoe
Iae?ieeaeu + na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu Oaaee/aiea ananuaaiey na?aea/iuo
aeeeiceaeia
Iae?ieeaeu + oaioeeeei Oiaiueoaiea aeiaeinooiiiinoe iae?ieeaeia ec AEEO
Oao?aoeeeeei + na?aea/iua aeeeiceaeu Oaaee/aiea ananuaaiey na?aea/iuo
aeeeiceaeia
Eeeai? Eaaiieoeaoei, Oeaoaeinii?ei
Ia?eea?ae, ieaa?a, a?thoeia Oao?aoeeeeeiu,
Oeaoaeinii?eiu 2-ai e 3-ai iieieaiee, Oeaiai, Aieiiaeeeiceaeu,
Aaieiieoeei
AEae/ue Iaieoeeeeeiu, Oao?aoeeeeeiu, ?eoaiieoeei,
Eeieiieoeei
Einoe Eeieiieoeei, Eeeiaeiieoeei, Oeaaeinii?eiu,
Oeaiai, Oao?aoeeeeeiu
Ieaoeaioa AIEUeOEINOAI
Iao?ioiene/iinoue Oeaoaeinii?eiu, Iaoaoeeeeei, Aieiiaeeeiceaeu
Ioioiene/iinoue Aieiiaeeeiceaeu
Aaiaoioiene/iinoue ?eoaiieoeei, Oao?aoeeeeei, Iae?ieeaeu
Oaiaoaiea e?iaaoai?aiey Eaaiieoeaoei, Aaieiieoeei,
i?ioeaiiiooieaaua aioeaeioeee
AIOEA?EAEIAUA AIOEAEIOEEE
I?aeoe/anee iao aioeaaeoa?eaeueiie aeoeaiinoe ii aeaenoaotho ia
a?eau ?iaea Candida. I?eiaiythony a ni/aoaiee ni n?aaenoaaie
aeaenoaothueie ia eeoa/ioth oei?o
Ienoaoei
Ieioi ananuaaaony, aeoeaiinoue nieaeaaony a i?enoonoaee 2-o aaeaioiuo
eiiia, i?eiaiyaony yioa?aeueii ii 0.5
Eaai?ei
Aeiiieieoaeueiue yooaeo i?ioea o?eoiiiiaae. Aaiaoioiene/ai, aucuaaao
ia?ooaiey AEEO.
Aioioa?eoeei
I?eiaiyaony aeey ai?ueau n a?eaeaie onoie/eaui e Ienoaoeio e Eaai?eio.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 8 /ania, i?e ia?ooaiee ooieoeee
ii/ae – aei 15 aeiae, neeiiai e eoioeyoeee. I?eiaiyaony i?e
aaia?aeeciaaiiii eaiaeeaeinainena, a?eaeao ?acenoaioiuo e Eaai?eio e
Ienoaoeio. Iiai/ii: aeea?aey, iao?ioiene/iinoue.
Ieeiaaioei
Aiaeia Aioioa?eoeeia, i?eiaiyaony yioa?aeueii, Oi?ioi ananuaaaony e
i?iieeaao a oeaie, i?aia?ao auai?a aeey aenoea?aeueiuo eaiaeeaeicia
NEIOAOE*ANEEA OEIEIOA?AIAAOE*ANEEA N?AAeNOAA
NOEUeOAIEEAIEAeU
Onooiatho ii aeoeaiinoe aioeaeioeeai, ii eiatho i?aeiouanoaa:
1 Iaeay oiene/iinoue (iiaeii i?eiaiyoue a aiaoeaoi?iie i?aeoeea)
2 Iao i?ioeaiiieacaiee a aeaoneii aic?anoa
3 Ioiineoaeueii ieceea oeaiu
I?aia?aou iaeaaeatho aaeoa?einoaoe/aneei i?ioeaiiee?iaiui yooaeoii (a
oneiaeyo eiioiiaeaoeoeeoa ia aeoeaiu), aeoeaiu oieueei i?ioea
aeaeyueony ooaiiia.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey_.:
1 Eiieo?aioiia eiaeae?iaaiea IAAE (ia?aaieiiaaicieiie
eeneiou). Ooieoeey IAAE – noano?ao aeey iino?iaiey oieeaaie eeneiou).
IAAE + ioa?ei + aeooaieiiaay eeneioa = aeeaeae?ioieeaaay eeneioa.
?aaeoeey eaeao iiae aeaenoaeai oa?iaioa oieaoneioaoacu.
Aeeaeae?ioieeaaay eeneioa + 2 i?ioiia aiaei?iaea =
oao?aaeae?ioieeaaay eeneioa (eiyicei F). ?aaeoeey eaeao iiae
aeaenoaeai oa?iaioa oieao?aaeoeoacu. Eiyicei F iaiaoiaeei aeey
aeoeaaoeee iaeiioaea?iaeiuo niaaeeiaiee, eioi?ua eniieuecothony i?e
neioaca acioenouo iniiaaiee. Ionoonoaea eee iaaeinoaoie acioenouo
iniiaaiee i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieth neioaca ioeeaeiiauo eeneio e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii aaeeia iee?iaiie eeaoee.
2 Eiieo?aioiia naycuaaiea ioa?eia.
3 Eiaeae?iaaiea oieaoneioaoacu. Ec iaoaiecia aeaenoaey i?aia?aoia
neaaeoao:
1.I?aia?aou aeaenoaotho oieueei a aunieeo eiioeaio?aoeeyo
(eiioeaio?aoeey i?aia?aoa a ianoa aeaenoaey aeieaeia i?aauoaoue
eiioeaio?aoeeth IAAE a aeanyoee e nioie ?ac)
2.Noeueoaieeaieaeu iaeioiene/iu aeey aeeaioiuo eeaoie (a oii
/enea aeey eeaoie /aeiaaea) ec-ca oiai, /oi a aeeaioiuo eeaoeao ia
i?ienoiaeeo neioac aeeaeae?ioieeaaie eeneiou (iia caoaaouaaaony
aioiaie). Ii a ia/aie i?ienoiaeeo aeae?e?iaaiea aeeaeae?ioieeaaie
eeneiou iiae aeaenoaeai oieao?aaeoeoacu.
3.A n?aaeao n aunieeie eiioeaio?aoeeyie IAAE i?ioeaiiee?iaiay
aeoeaiinoue i?aia?aoia nieaeaaony (iaoeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue a
aiieiii i/aaa)
4.Anee iee?ii?aaieci ia/eiaao neioace?iaaoue IAAE a aieueoeo
eiee/anoaao – noaiiaeony ?acenoaioiui e aeaenoaeth noeueoaieeaieaeia.
Niaeo? aeaenoaey – oe?ieee:
A?aii (-) e A?aii (+) eieee, A?aii (-) aaeoa?ee, aicaoaeeoaeue
oiea?u, oeaieaeee (aicaoaeeoaeue o?aoiiu), i?inoaeoea (aicaoaeeoaeue
iaey?ee e oieniieaciica), aeoeiiieoeaou (aicaoaeeoaee aeoaieeo
(nenoaiiuo) ieeicia).
Ia?aie/aiiia aeaenoaey a ioiioaiee: neiaaiieiie iaei/ee,
a?ooeaeeu, yioa?ieieeia.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1 Ii ananuaaieth
Ieioi ananuaathony Oi?ioi ananuaathony
(iaeaaeatho oieueei ianoiui
aeaenoaeai) ana inoaeueiua
Ooaeacie,Noeueaei,Aeenoeueoi?iei,
Naeacii?iecaiaeiua (Naeaciie?eaeacei)
2 Ii aeeeoaeueiinoe yooaeoa:
Oei aeaenoaey Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey Oaea?iay aeica Iiaeaea?aeeaathuay
aeica *anoioa i?eaia I?aia?aou
Ei?ioeiai 24 / 1-2 0.5-1 1 a nooee Noeueoaiiiiiaoaenei,
Noeueoaie?eaeacei, Ooacei, Noeueoaaeeiaoienei
Noeueoaie?eaeacei e Noeueoaaeeiaoienei i?i/ii naycuaathony n aaeeaie
ieaciu, /oi i?eaiaeeo e iaei-
ieaieth (eoioeyoeee) i?aia?aoia – i?ieiiae?iaaiiiio aeaenoaeth
Naa?oaeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey – Noeueoaeai (oiaea naycuaaaony n aaeeaie
ieaciu). I?e yeno?aiaeueiuo neooaoeeyo oaea?iay aeica 1a,
iiaeaea?aeeaathuay aeica – 0.25 a, i?eiaiyaony 1 ?ac a nooee.
I?e o?iie/aneeo ninoiyieyo oaea?iay aeica 2 a, i?eiaiyaony 1 ?ac a
iaaeaeth.
I?aia?aou aeeeoaeueiiai e naa?oaeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey ioee/athony
aieueoae oiene/iinoueth.
Aaeo?ei_. (Aenaioie)
O?eiaoii?ei (80 ia), eiaeae?oao oieao?aaeoeoaco + Noeueoaieeaieaeu
(400 ia), eiaeae?oao oieaoneioaoaco. Ca n/ao eiiaeie?iaaiiiai aeaenoaey
Aenaioie aeaenoaoao ia 60-95% ooaiiia (iau/iua i?aia?aou aeaenoaotho
ia 60% ooaiiia). Iaoaaieece?oaony a oiene/aneea aauanoaa (yiieneaeu).
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea: Eaeeiiaiey,
aa?aioeioeeoic, o?iiaioeeoiiaiey.
I?ioeaiiieacaiey e Aenaioieo:
1 Aa?aiaiiinoue
2 Caaieaaaiey e?iaaoai?iuo i?aaiia
I?eiaiaiea noeueoaieeaieaeia:
Eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae (eeoa/iay iaei/ea, i?ioae) – ino?ua e
o?iie/aneea oeenoeou, ieaeeou, aneiioiiaoe/aneay aaoeeeeo?ey.
Aaeoa?eaeueiay aeecaioa?ey (i?eiaiythony i?aia?aou ia ananuaathueany
– Ooaeacie, Noeueaei). A oyaeaeu neo/ayo iacia/aaony Aenaioie (2
oaaeaoee 2 ?aca a aeaiue a oa/aiee 5 aeiae).
I?ioeeaeoeea iaieiaieieeiaie eioaeoeee
Eioaeoeee aeae/aauaiaeyueo iooae (oieaoeenoeo, oieaiaeo) – i?eiaiyaony
Noeueoaeai, Noeueoaie?eaeacei.
?iaeenoia ainiaeaiea – ianoiia e nenoaiiia i?eiaiaiea
Eioaeoeee aeac (eiiuethieoeaeou,aeaoa?eou) – i?eiaiyaony Aeueaooeeae
Eioaeoeee aa?oieo aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae.
O?aoiia (ianoii e nenoaiii)
Iaey?ey – Noeueoacei (+ i?ioeaiiaey?eeiua i?aia?aou ae?oaeo a?oii)
Oieniieaciic (+ ei?oeeinoa?ieaeu)
Aeoaieea ieeicu
Nainen – aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea Yoacie-iao?ee, Ii?noeueoacie-iao?ee
(1-2 a 5-10% ?anoai?a).
Ianiaoeeoe/aneee ycaaiiue eieeo
Naeacii?iecaiaeiua
?aniaaeathony ia naeaciaoth eeneioo (i?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea)
e noeueoaieeaieae i?ioeaiiee?iaiia aeaenoaea).
Iiai/iua yooaeou:
Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa
Ia?ooaiey oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie nenoaiu (1%)
Aeea?aee (5-10%)
Ia?ooaiea e?iaaoai?aiey (eaeeiiaiey, o?iiaioeeoiiaiey)
Aaiieeoe/aneay aiaiey (?aaeei)
Iieeiaa?eou (en/acatho iinea ioiaiu)
Ii?aaeaiey ii/ae (5%). Au?aaeaaony a iciiaa (iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u),
aaiaoo?ee, aieyo a iiynieoea. Noeueoaieeaieaeu iiaoo auiaaeaoue a
inaaeie, eo aoeaoeee?iaaiiua i?iecaiaeiua
ieioi ?anoai?eiu a eeneie n?aaea.
Ia?u i?ioeeaeoeee iiai/iuo yaeaiee:
Iacia/aoue uaei/iia ieouea, ia ?aeiiaiaeothony eeneua i?iaeoeou
(oiaiueoaiea ?enea e?enoaeeo?ee). Iacia/aaony niaea (5-10 a/nooee) e
iieeaeoaieiiua i?aia?aou (iniaaiii aeoaieiu a?oiiu A).
I?IECAIAeIUA OEIIENAEEIA
Oeiieneaeei (oaaeaoee), Aeeieneaeei (aioo?eaaiii, aioo?ue
iieinoae). I?aia?aou iaeaaeatho aaeoa?eoeeaeiui aeaenoaeai e
i?eiaiythony i?e oyaeaeuo oi?iao aiieii-iae?ioe/aneeo i?ioeannia. Niaeo?
aeaenoaey – oe?ieee: i?ioae, neiaaiieiay iaei/ea, iaei/ea
O?eaeeaiaea?a, eeoa/iay iaei/ea, noaoeeieiee, no?aioieieee,
noaoeeieieee, aicaoaeeoaee aaciaie aaia?aiu e aeecaioa?ee. Aeaenoaoao
ia ooaiiu onoie/eaua e aioeaeioeeai e noeueoaieeaieaeai.
I?eiaiythony:
1 Eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae
2 AEae/aauaiaeyueo iooae
3 Eaaeeo e ieaa?u
4 Nainen
5 Ianoiia i?eiaiaiea i?e iaeiaao e ycaao.
A aeaoneie i?aeoeea ia_. iieacai.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
1 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa 2 Aeea?aee 3
Noaei?iae ee?iiiaeiuo iuooe
I?IECAIAeIUA IEO?IOO?AIA
Oo?aoeeeeei, Oo?aaeiiei, Oo?acieeaeii, Oo?acieei, Oo?aaei
Ii i?ioeaiiee?iaiie aeoeaiinoe i?eaeeaeathony e aioeaeioeeai
(Oao?aoeeeeeio).
Ii iaoaiecio – ia?ooaiea aeuoaiey, eiaeae?iaaiea oeeeea
o?eea?aiiiauo eeneio. Niaeo? aeaenoaey oe?ieee: A? (-) e A? (+)
aaeoa?ee, iaoieiae/aneea a?eau, e?oiiua ae?onu, o?eoiiiiaaeu, eyiaeee.
Aeinoieinoaaie i?aia?aoia aeaiiiai ?yaea yaeythony: Aunieay
i?ioeaiiee?iaiay aeoeaiinoue, oe?ieee niaeo?, ieceay oiene/iinoue,
iaeay nei?inoue ?acaeoey onoie/eainoe. *a?ac 3 /ana a ii/a
ii?aaeaeythony neaaeothuea aeiee enoiaeiiai eiee/anoaa i?aia?aoa:
Oo?aaeiiei 25%
Oo?acieeaeii 8%
Oo?aoeeeeei 1%
Oo?aaeiiei
I?eiaiyaony aioo?ue aeey ea/aiey eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae,i?e
nainena, ia?eoiieoa.Ianoii – aeey i?iiuaaiey aiieiuo ?ai.
Oo?aoeeeeei
Ia?aaioea iia?aoeeiiiiai iiey, ea/aiea oeie/aneeo e oa?ie/aneeo
iaeiaia. Ianoiia ea/aiea oiiceeeeoia e ioeoia (iieineaiea),
eiiuethieoeaeoia (aeaciua eaiee), eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae.
Oo?acieeaeii
I?eiaiyaony aioo?ue aeey ea/aiey aaeoa?eaeueiie aeecaioa?ee,
naeueiiiaeeaca, o?eoiiiieaca.
I?IECAIAeIUA 8-IENEOEIIEEIA
Oeiicie – ianoiia ea/aiea aiieiuo ?ai e yca. Yioa?inaioie,
Iaenaoi?i (eiiaeie?iaaiiue i?aia?ao n Yioa?inaioieii), Iaenaca –
ea/aiea aaeoa?eaeueiuo aeecaioa?ee, aeeniainee, naycaiiuo n aaeoa?eyie.
5-IIE – ea/aiea eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae (i?eiaiyaony ?aaeei ii
i?e/eia aeea?aee).
I?IECAIAeIUA OEINAIEEA?AACIIA
Oa?eiainaio – ianoiia ea/aiea oiiceeeeoia, noiiaoeoia,
iiaeaioiaea e iia?aoeeyi ia ?ioiaie iieinoe, iiniaeioea.
I?IECAIAeIUA IAOOE?EAeEIA
Iaeeaeeeniaay eeneioa, Iaaei?aiii, Iaa?ai. Iaeaaeatho
aaeoa?einoaoe/aneei aeaenoaeai, aeoeaiu a ioiioaiee A? (-) oei?u, oi?ioi
ananuaathony. I?eiaiythony aeey ea/aiey eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo
iooae, oieaoeenoeoia, yioa?ieieeoia. Auno?i ?acaeaaaony
onoie/eainoue.
I?IECAIAeIUA OOI?OEIIEIIA
I?aia?ao Ia?eiae iieoauaaaeaiey Aeica aioo?ue Aeica aioo?eaaiii
Oeei?ioeienaoeei 4 /ana 0.25-0.75 0.2
Ii?oeienaoeei 4 0.4-0.6 —
Ioeienaoeei 7 /ania 0.2-0.4 0.2
Iaoeienaoeei 10 0.2 0.2
Ana i?aia?aou i?eiaiythony 2 ?aca a nooee
Niaeo? i?ioeaiiee?iaiie aeoeaiinoe i/aiue oe?ieee, aeecie e
oeaoaeinii?eiai 4-ai iieieaiey
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey
Oaiaoaiey oa?iaioa AeIE-ae?acu (ioaa/aao ca ia?aciaaiea
noia?nie?aee) – ?ane?o/eaaiea noia?nie?aee (aeiiieieoaeueii aeaenoaoao
ia nayce, ia?acoaiua yoei oa?iaioii) – iaeiio?iee?oaiue ?ino –
?ac?ooaiea iee?iaiie eeaoee. I?aia?aou yooaeoeaiu a ioiioaiee:
1 A? (-): eeoa/iie iaei/ee, eeaaneaeeu, i?ioay, oeaaeeu,
naeueiiiaee, yioa?iaaeoa?a, eaaeiiaeeu, inaaaeiiiiaaeu, aaiioeeueiie
iaei/ee, aicaoaeeoaey iaieiaeoa.
2 A? (+) – yooaeoeaiinoue aa?eaaaeueia:
no?aioieiee a?oii A,A,N, iiaaiieiee – ioeienaoeei e
oeei?ioeienaoeei. Cieioenoue e yieaea?iaeueiue noaoeeieiee – ana
i?aia?aou.
3 Aiay?iau (aa?eaaaeueiia aeaenoaea): eeino?eaeey, aaeoa?ieaeu
4 I?i/ea: oeaieaeey, ieeiaaeoa?ey ooaa?eoeaca.
Aeinoieinoaa i?aia?aoia aeaiiie a?oiiu:
1 I/aiue oe?ieee niaeo?
2 Oi?ioi i?iieeatho a i?aaiu e oeaie, a oii /enea a
nieiiiiicaiaoth aeeaeeinoue (iniaaiii i?e ainiaeaiee – eaa/a a
1.5-2.0 ?aca).
3 Iaeaieeaathony a iae?ioaaao
4 Iiaeii aaiaeeoue ia?yioa?aeueii e yioa?aeueii (ia 1-i yoaia
ea/aiey – aioo?eaaiii, ia 2-i yoaia ea/aiey – aioo?ue).
5 Iacia/eoaeueii naycuaathony n aaeeaie – aieueoea eiioeaio?aoeee
aeoeaiiai aauanoaa
6 Aeaenoaotho ia ooaiiu, ?acenoaioiua e ae?oaei aioeaeioeeai.
7 Iaeaaeatho aaeoa?eoeeaeiui aeaenoaeai – iiaeii aaiaeeoue i?e
eiioiiaeaoeoeeoa.
8 Iiaeii ni/aoaoue n iaieoeeeeeiaie, oeaoaeinii?eiaie,
aieiiaeeeiceaeaie, eeeiaeiieoeeiii, y?eo?iieoeeiii, iao?iieaeacieii,
aaieiieoeeiii.
Aneaaenoaea yoeo naienoa i?aia?aou ioiinyony e aioeaeioeeai
?aca?aa
I?eiaiaiea:
1 Eioaeoeee aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae (“oee/iua” – iiaaiieiee,
ieeiieacia, eaaeiiaeea, “ainieoaeueiua” – neiaaiieiay iaei/ea,
yioa?iaaeoa?, i?ioae)
2 Eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyuae nenoaiu (eeoa/iay iaei/ea, i?ioae,
yioa?ieiee)
3 Eioaeoeee iieiaie nenoaiu (oeaieaeey, aiiieiee, o?aaieacia (+
Oao?aoeeeeei)).
4 Oe?o?ae/aneea eioaeoeee (aiiaiaeeoeeo, ia?eoiieo,
oieaoeenoeo, iaie?aaoeo (aioo?eaaiii)).
5 Inoaiieaeeo e aiieiue a?o?eo – Oeei?ioeienaoeei e
Iaoeienaoeei
6 Aaeoa?eaeueiua eeoa/iua eioaeoeee (oeaaeea, naeueiiiaeea oeoa)
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea(1-5%):
1 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa 2 Aieiaiay aieue 3
A?o?aeaey 4 Oioinaineaeeecaoeey eiaee 5 Yiceiioeeey
I?ioeaiiieacaiey:
Aa?aiaiiinoue (i?eiaiyoue ii aeeciaiiui iieacaieyi)
Aeaoe aei 14 eao (ai a?aiy nic?aaaiey einoae i?aia?aou
iaeaieeaathony a o?yuaaie ciia, /oi i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieyi neaeaoa)
Yieeainey (aaniethoiia i?ioeaiiieacaiea, oae eae i?aia?aou
iaeaaeatho aioaaiieciii AAIE – iiaoo aucaaoue noaei?iae)
I?IOEAIOOAA?EOEACIUA I?AIA?AOU
O?oaeiinoue ea/aiey ooaa?eoeaca naycaia ni naienoaaie
ooaa?eoeaciie ieeiaaeoa?ee:
1 Eeneioionoie/eainoue
2 Aioo?eeeaoi/iia ?aniieiaeaiea
3 I/aiue auno?ia ?acaeoea onoie/eainoe i?e ea/aiee
I?eioeeiu oa?aiee
1 Aeeeoaeueiia ea/aiea (12-24 ian)
2 ?aaoey?iue e eiio?iee?oaiue i?eai eaea?noa
3 Eiiaeie?iaaiiay oa?aiey (iaeiia?aiaiiue i?eai 2-o – 3-o
eaea?noa)
4 Ia?eiaee/aneay niaia eaea?noaaiiuo i?aia?aoia
5 Ia?eiaee/aneee eiio?ieue eciaiaiey /onoaeoaeueiinoe e
i?aia?aoai
Eeanneoeeaoeey
1 N?aaenoaa ia?aiai ?yaea: I?eiaiythony i?e aia?aua auyaeaiiii
ooaa?eoeaca Iaeaieaa aeoeaiua eaea?noaa Eae i?aaeei iaiaa oiene/iu I?e
iiiioa?aiee auno?i ?acaeaaaony onoie/eainoue
1.1 Aioeaeioeee No?aioiieoeei, ?eoaiieoeei
1.2 Neioaoe/aneea I?iecaiaeiua AEIE (aeae?aceae
eciieeioeiiaie eeneiou): Eciieaceae, Ooeaaceae, Naethceae, Iaoaceae.
I?iecaiaeiua Yoeeaiaeeeieia: Yoaiaooie.
2 N?aaenoaa aoi?iai ?yaea (?aca?aiua): I?eiaiythony i?e
iaaeinoaoi/iie yooaeoeaiinoe n?aaenoa ia?aiai ?yaea eee o ?aiaa
ea/eaoeony aieueiuo Iaiaa aeoeaiu /ai n?aaenoaa ia?aiai ?yaea II
yooaeoeaii aeaenoaotho eiaaea ?acaeaaaony onoie/eainoue e i?aia?aoai
ia?aiai ?yaea
2.1 Aioeaeioeee Oeeeeina?ei, Eaiaieoeei, Oei?eieoeei.
2.2 Neioaoe/aneea I?iecaiaeiua IANE (ia?aaieiinaeeoeeeiaay
eeneioa): Iao?eaaay nieue IANE, Aaiane (eaeueoeeaaay nieue IANE).
I?iecaiaeiua ie?aceiea?aiiiaie eeneiou: Ie?aceiaieae
I?iecaiaeiua oeinaieea?aaciia: Oeiaoeaoacii
I?iecaiaeiua oeiaieaea eciieeioeiiaie eeneiou: Yoeiiaieae
I?iecaiaeiua Aeie
Eciieaceae
Naiue iiuiue i?aia?ao a?oiiu. I/aiue oceee niaeo? – aeaenoaoao
oieueei ia ieeiaaeoa?ee.
Iaoaieci – eiaeae?iaaiea ia?aciaaiey ie?eaeienaeueoinoaoa, /oi
i?eaiaeeo:
1 Oaiaoaiea neioaca AeIE
2 Ia?ooaiea neioaca iaeioi?uo aieiieeneio
3 Eiaeae?iaaiea neioaca ieeieiaie eeneiou (yaeyaony eiiiiiaioii
eeieaeiie iaia?aiu), /oi i?eaiaeeo e oiaiueoaieth eiee*anoaa eeieaeia a
eeaoi/iie noaiea -> nieaeaiea eeneioionoie/eainoe.
Aeiiieieoaeueiue iaoaieci – eiieo?aioiue aioaaiieci ieeioeiiaie
eeneiou (aeoaiei ??), /oi i?eaiaeeo e neioaco eiaeiiai eioa?iaioa:
aianoi IAAe neioace?oaony E-IAAe (eciieeioeiaieaeaaeaieiaeeioeeaioeae).
Ia/aei aeaenoaey /a?ac 1-4 /ana. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 6-24 /ana.
Oi?ioi i?iieeaao a i?aaiu e oeaie. Ii niiniaiinoe eiaeoeae?iaaoue
i?aia?ao ianaeaiea aeaeeony ia auno?uo e iaaeeaiiuo eiaeoeaaoi?ia. A
n?aaeiae iieina e iaaeeaiiui eiaeoeaaoi?ai ioiineony 50-60% ianaeaiey.
Ea/aiea iaaeeaiiuo eiaeoeaaoi?ia a 2 ?aca yooaeoeaiaa.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea:
1 OeIN: aieiaiay aieue, yeoi?ey, ia?ooaiea nia
2 Aeaoeoeeo aeoaieiia a?oiiu A, aeoaieia ??
3 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa
4 Aeea?ae/aneea ?aaeoeee
5 Aaiaoioiene/iinoue (o auno?uo eiaeoeaaoi?ia, i?e aeeeoaeueiii
ea/aiee)
I?aia?ao Aeoeaiinoue Aeaenoaea ia aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu Aeoeaiinoue a
i/aaao ?aniaaea Oiene/iinoue
AEIE ++++ + + ++
IANE + — — +
No?aioiieoeei ++ ( ( +++
?eoaiieoeei ++++ + + +++
Yoaiaooie
Ii aeoeaiinoe i?eia?ii ?aaai Eciieaceaeo. Oi?ioi ananuaaaony,
i?iieeaao aioo?ue eeaoie. Ia?ooaao aaeeiaue neioac /a?ac oaiaoaiea
neioaca ?IE. Iao ia?ae?anoiie onoie/eainoe n ae?oaeie i?aia?aoaie.
Iaeioiene/ai
Iiai/ii:
1 Aeea?aee
2 Iaa?eou c?eoaeueiiai ia?aa (2%)
No?aioiieoeei
Auioneaaony a aeaea Noeueoaoa (i?eiaiyaony ia?aioa?aeueii),
Oei?-eaeueoeeaaiai eiiieaena (yiaeiethiaaeueii). Aeaenoaea
aaeoa?einoaoe/aneia. Aunieay aeoeaiinoue a ioiioaiee aeoeaii
?aciiiaeathueony e naiaiaeii oee?eoee?othueo. Ieceay aeoeaiinoue a
ioiioaiee iieiyueony, ia aeaenoaoao ia iaoiaeyueany aioo?e eeaoie.
Aeoeaiinoue a i/aaao eacaiciiai ?aniaaea oiaiueoaaony a 50-80 ?ac.
I/aiue auno?i ?acaeaaaony onoie/eainoue (/a?ac 2 ianyoea iiiioa?aiee –
60% onoie/eainoue).
Iaoaieci – ia?ooaiea neioaca aaeea: i?eniaaeeiyaony e
30S-noauaaeeieoea ?eainiiu e niinianoaoao ano?aeaaieth /oaea?iaeiuo
aieiieeneio a iieaeoeu aaeea.
Iiai/ii:
1 Ioi- e iao?ioiene/iinoue
2 Aeea?aee
3 Ia?ooaiea ia?aii-iuoa/iie ia?aaea/e (i?e aieueoeo aeicao)
?eoaiieoeei
Oe?ieee niaeo? aeaenoaey: A? (+) e A? (-) iee?ii?aaieciu,
ieeiaaeoa?ee ooaa?eoeaca e eai?u. Aeaenoaoao ia aioo?eeeaoi/ii
?aniieiaeaiiua iee?ii?aaieciu. Iaoaieci – ia?ooaiea neioaca ?IE.
Iaeaaeaao ieeinoaoe/aneei eee ieeioeeaeiui aeaenoaeai (a aieueoeo
eiioeaio?aoeeyo). Auno?i ?acaeaaaony onoie/eainoue.
Iiai/ii:
1 Ia?ooaiea ooieoeee ia/aie (2%)
2 Aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa
3 Aeea?aee
4 Oa?aoiaaiiia eee yia?eioiene/aneia aeaenoaea a ia?aii o?eiano?a
aa?aiaiiinoe
5 Ie?aoeaaiea neac, ii/e, iie?iou a i?aiaeaaue oeaao.
I?iecaiaeiua IANE
Iaoaieci: Eiieo?aioiia acaeiiaeaenoaea n IAAE (ia?aaieiiaaicieiie
eeneioie), iaioioaiiaie eeneioie, aeioeiii. Ia yooaeoeaiu a i/aaao
eacaiciiai ?aniaaea (oai iiiai IAAE). Oi?ioi i?iieeatho a i?aaiu e
oeaie, /a?ac ainiaeaiiua na?iciua iaiei/ee, ii eiioeaio?aoeey a i/aaao
e eaaa?iao iaaaeeea.
Ia aeaenoaoao ia aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu. Iauay aioeiee?iaiay
aeoeaiinoue ieieiaeueia. Iaeioiene/iu. Caiaaeeytho ?acaeoea onoie/eainoe
e ae?oaei i?aia?aoai i?e eiiaeie?iaaiiii ea/aiee (No?aioiieoeei, AEIE
(+ caiaaeeytho eiaeoeaaoeeth Eciieaceaea)).
I?e neooaoeeyo, eiaaea ecauoie iao?ey iiaeao iia?aaeeoue
(aeia?oiie/aneay aieaciue) i?eiaiyaony Aaiane.
Eoia: Aunieay ecae?aoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey, iaeay oiene/iinoue,
iacia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai ia?ae/ii onoie/eauo oi?i, iaaeeaiiia
?acaeoea aoi?e/iie onoie/eainoe e ieeiaaeoa?eyi ooaa?eoeaca.
II:
1 Ieceay aeoeaiinoue
2 Ia yooaeoeaiu a i/aaao eacaiciiai ?aniaaea e ia aeaenoaotho ia
aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu.
Iiai/iua yooaeou:
1 Ianoii?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea – aeeniaioe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa
2 Aeea?aee – eiaeiua ?aaeoeee
3 I?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee – aioeoe?aieaeiue (ciaiaaiiue)
yooaeo, aeiiaeoaieiic A1,A2,N
Oeeeeina?ei
Aunieiaeoeaai, oe?ieee niaeo? aeaenoaey, iaiaa aeoeaai i?ioea
ieeiaaeoa?ee ooaa?eoeaca, oi?ioi ananuaaaony, aeaenoaoao ia
aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu. Oa?aeoa?ii ioiineoaeueii iaaeeaiiia ?acaeoea
onoie/eainoe. Iaoaieci: oaiaoaiea neioaca eeaoi/iie noaiee
(iaioeaeiaeeeaia) ca n/ao eiieo?aioiiai aioaaiiecia n D-aeaieiii.
Iaeioiene/ai.
Iiai/ii:
1 Iae?ioiene/iinoue (anee aeeeoaeueii)
2 Aieiaiay aieue, aieiaie?oaeaiea
3 O?aii?
4 Aeai?anneaii-iiaeiaiua ?aaeoeee
Oei?eieoeei_. e Eaiaieoeei
Oei?eieoeei ia aeaenoaoao ia aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu, ia?ae?anoiay
onoie/eainoue n Eaiaieoeeiii. Eaiaieoeei aeoeaiaa aeaenoaoao ia
ieeiaaeoa?ee. Iiai/ii: Ioi- e iao?ioiene/iinoue
Yoeiiaieae
Oaiaoaiea neioaca aaeea /a?ac ia?ooaiea neioaca AeIE. Ii
aieueoeinoao iieacaoaeae onooiaao i?aeoe/anee anai i?aia?aoai ia?aiai
?yaea, II aeaenoaoao ia aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu, yooaeo aei
ieeioeeaeiiai, aeaenoaoao ia onoie/eaua e ae?oaei i?aia?aoai.
Iiai/ii:
1 Aeeniaioe/aneea yaeaiey
2 Ia?ooaiey OeIN (io aanniiieoeu aei aeai?anneaii-iiaeiaiuo
?aaeoeee)
3 Aeiiaeoaieiic a?oiiu A, ??
Ie?aceiaieae_. e Oeiaoeaoacii Iaeaieaa neaaua (ii aeoeaiinoe
niioaaonoaotho IANE)
Aeinoieinoaa:
Aeaenoaotho ia aioo?eeeaoi/iua oi?iu Aeoeaiu a eenie n?aaea (a
i/aaao eacaiciiai ?aniaaea)
Iaaeinoaoee: Auno?ia ?acaeoea onoie/eainoe
Iiai/ii:
1 Aaiaoioiene/iinoue
2 O?iiaioeeoiiaiey, oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa i?io?iiaeia
3 Aeiiaeoaieiic A6
4 Oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa ii/aaie eeneiou
5 Aeea?aee
N?AAeNOAA AeEss EA*AIEss NIE?IOAOICIA
O?aiaiaiaoicu (NEOEEEN)
1 Aaciaay a?oiia (iaeaieaa au?aaeaiiue yooaeo) – i?e?iaeiua
iaieoeeeeeiu (Aaiceeiaieoeeeeeia eaeeaaay, iao?eaaay e iiaieaeiiaay
nieue, Aeoeeeeei-1,3,5 ) ?acaeoey onoie/eainoe aicaoaeeoaey neoeeena ia
onoaiiaeaii. I?aia?aou yoie a?oiiu i?eiaiythony ia anao noaaeeyo
ea/aiey.
2 ?aca?aiua (i?e iaia?aiineiinoe iaieoeeeeeia)
Iieoneioaoe/aneea iaieoeeeeeiu: Ienaoeeeeei e Aiieoeeeeei
Oeaoaeinii?eiu 1-ai iieieaiey
Oao?aoeeeeeiu: Oao?aoeeeeei, Ieaoao?ei, Aeieneoeeeeei
(Aea?iieoeei)
Iae?ieeaeu: Y?eo?iieoeei
I?aia?aou Aeniooa: i?eiaiythony aeey ea/aiey ne?uouo oi?i
(iicaeieo) e o?aoe/iuo oi?i.
Aeeioeiie e Aeniiaa?ie onooiatho iaieoeeeeeiai ii aeoeaiinoe, a
/enoii aeaea ia iiiiaatho (i?eiaiythony a eiiieaeniie oa?aiee). Iiai/ii:
1 Ii?aaeaiea neecenouo e eiaee
2 Ii?aaeaiea ia/aie e ii/ae (?aaeei)
AIOENAIOEEE
Eenoa? i?eiaiye ?anoai? ea?aieiaie eeneiou (oaiie)
1847 Ceiiaeueaaen i?eiaiye i?aia?aou oei?a (oei?ioth ecaanoue)
Ie?iaia i?eiaiye yoeeiaue nie?o, oei?ioth ecaanoue
Iaoaieciu aeaenoaey aioenaioeeia
1 Aeano?oeoeaiia aeaenoaea Oei?aiei A (naiaiaeiue oei? i?eaiaeeo
e aeaiaoo?aoeee aaeeia)
2 Ieeneeoaeueiia Ia?aeenue aiaei?iaea, ia?iaiaaiao eaeey
3 Iaia?aiiaoaeothuaa Iiaa?oiinoiiaeoeaiua: oei?aaeneaeei, iuei.
4 Aioeiaoaaiee/aneia e aioeoa?iaioiia aeaenoaea Niee oyaeaeuo
iaoaeeia
Iaeioi?ua oeieii?aia?aou iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeaiyei: i?e
i?eaia aioo?ue – oeieioa?aiey, i?e eniieueciaaiee ianoii – aioenaioee.
O?aaiaaiey e aioenaioeeai
1 Neeueiia aioeiee?iaiia aeaenoaea
2 Ionoonoaea iia?aaeaeaiey oeaiae
3 Ionoonoaea ananuaaiey a aieueoeo eiee/anoaao
4 Oi?ioay ?anoai?eiinoue, onoie/eainoue e ?ac?ooaieth oa?iaioaie
5 Aunieay aeoeaiinoue a n?aaeao, aiaaouo aaeeii
Eeanneoeeaoeey aioenaioeeia
1 Iai?aaie/aneea
1.1 Aaeieaeu Oei?niaea?aeauea (oei?aiei A, iaioioeeae)
Eiaeniaea?aeauea (ianoieea eiaea)
1.2 Ieeneeoaee Ia?aeenue aiaei?iaea, ia?iaiaaiao eaeey
1.3 Eeneiou e uaei/e Ai?iay eeneioa, iaoaou?iue nie?o
1.4 Niee oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia I?aia?aou iaaee (noeueoao), na?aa?a
(ieo?ao na?aa?a – ey-
ien, i?ioa?aie, eieea?aie), oeeiea (noeueoao), ?oooe (noeaia).
2 I?aaie/aneea
2.1 Oaiieu (oaiie, ?aci?oeei)
2.2 Nie?ou (yoeeiaue)
2.3 Aeaoa?aaiou (oea?eaaeue, oei?aaeneaeei)
2.4 Aeueaeaaeaeu (oi?iaeei)
2.5 E?aneoaee (a?eeeeaioiaue caeaiue)
2.6 I?e?iaeiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey (iiaieiaiei)
IAI?AAIE*ANEEA AIOENAIOEEE
Oei?niaea?aeauea
Oei?niaea?aeauaa niaaeeiaiea + aiaea = HClO, eioi?ay ?aniaaeaaony ia
naiaiaeiua oei? e eenei?iae, eioi?ua iaeaaeatho aeiiieieoaeueiui
aioenaioe/aneei aeaenoaeai.
Niaeo? aeaenoaey aioenaioeeia: ana aeaeu aicaoaeeoaeae
caaieaaaiee + oneiaii iaoiaaiiay iee?ioei?a + ae?onu + aiaau, e?iia
aicaoaeeoaey ooaa?eoeaca.
Aioeoi?iei
A ninoaa aoiaeyo: NaOCl, NaOH. I?eiaiyaony a noiiaoieiaee i?e
ia?aaioea iieinoe ?oa.
Oei?aiei A
25% aeoeaiiai oei?a. I?eiaiyaony aeey: ea/aiey eioeoee?iaaiiuo ?ai
(1-2%) aeaceioaeoeey ?oe (0.25 – 0.5%), aiaoiyy aeaceioaeoeey (3 – 5%).
I?e io?aaeaiee ei?eoii a ea/anoaa aioeaeioa, ia?aaioea ei?iaauo eaiaeia
a noiiaoieiaee (1 – 2%)
Oei?iay ecaanoue – I?eiaiyaony oieueei aeey aiaoiae aeaceioaeoeee
Iaioioeeae
Niaea?aeeo 50% aeoeaiiai oei?a – aeey iaacca?aaeeaaiey aiaeu,
aeey i?eaioiaeaiey ?anoai?ia aeey aeaceioaeoeee (1 oaaeaoea ia 1 eeo?)
Eiaeniaea?aeauea
Nie?oiaay ianoieea eiaea
Niaea?aeeo naiaiaeiue eiae, eaeey eiaeeae, aiaeo, yoeeiaue nie?o.
I?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee ?oe oe?o?aa, iia?aoeaiiai iiey,
iiaa?oiinoiuo eiaeiuo ?ai.
?anoai?u ethaiey
?anoai?u aiaeiue e aeeoea?eiiaue. Ninoaa: naiaiaeiue eiae, eiaeeae
eaeey, aiaea (eee aeeoea?ei). Ethaieue iaiaa aa?anneaai /ai nie?oiaay
ianoieea eiaea – ?aaea aucuaaao aeea?aee.
Eiaeioi?i – i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee iaaeoaieeo ?ai.
Eiaeeiie – i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee iieinoae, i?e oiiceeeeoao. A
ninoaa aoiaeeo naiaiaeiue eiae, eaeey eiaeeae, aiaea e iieeaeieeiaue
nie?o.
Ieeneeoaee_. (eenei?iaeniaea?aeauea)
Ia?aeenue aiaei?iaea
I?e ?anuaieaiee ia?acoaony iieaeoey?iue e aoiia?iue eenei?iae.
Iieaeoey?iue eenei?iae iaeaaeaao aaiinoaoe/aneei e i/euathuei
aeaenoaeai, aoiia?iue eenei?iae iaeaaeaao i?aeiouanoaaiii
aioeiee?iaiui aeaenoaeai.
3% ?anoai?
I?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee ?ai, ane?uouo aanoeannia, iieinoae, caaa,
iieinoe ?oa i?e noiiaoeoao.
30% ?anoai?_. (ia?aeae?ieue)
I?eiaiyaony aeey ?acaaaeaiey n oeaeueth iieo/aiey iaiaa
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiuo ?anoai?ia e aeey aeaieaiaioaoeee aiein.
35% a oaaeaoeao_. (aeae?iia?eo)
?acaaaeaiea aeey iieo/aiey ?anoai?ia.
Eeneiou
Eeneioa naeeoeeeiaay
Eniieuecoaony a aeaea iacae 1-2%, 1-10% nie?oiauo ?anoai?ia. E?iia
aioenaioe/aneiai iaeaaeaao ea?aoieeoe/aneei aeaenoaeai iicieueiay
aeeaeeinoue, iicieueiue ieanou?ue”Naeeiiae”).
Eeneioa ai?iay
Eniieuecoaony a aeaea aiaeiuo (iieineaiea caaa), nie?oiauo ?anoai?ia
e iacae aeey ia?aaioee ?ai.
Iao?ey oao?aai?ao
10-20%. “Aeea?ieio” – oaaeaoee (1 oaaeaoea ia 1 noaeai aiaeu). A
ninoaa oaaeaoie aoiaeeo iaioie e yaeaeeio.
Iaoaou?iue nie?o – 10% aiaeiue ?anoai? aiieaea. 25 ie + 5 e
aiaeu i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee ?oe oe?o?aa.
Niee oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia
I?aia?aou ?oooe – Aeeoei?eae e ieneoeeaieae ?oooe. Aunieioiene/iu – ia
i?eiaiythony.
I?aia?aou na?aa?a
Ieo?ao na?aa?a (eyien) 1-2% ?anoai?u e eyieniue ea?aiaeao –
aioenaioe/aneia (eyieniue ea?aiaeao iaeaaeaao e i?eaeeaathuei
aeaenoaeai). I?aaie/aneea niaaeeiaiey na?aa?a: I?ioa?aie e Eieea?aie
(1-3% ?anoai?u). I?eiaiythony a iooaeueiieiaee, o?ieiaee aeey ea/aiey
aiieiuo o?ao?eoia.
I?aia?aou iaaee e oeeiea
Noeueoao iaaee (0.25-1% ?anoai?u), noeueoao oeeiea a aeaea eaiaeue
i?e ea/aiee aiieiuo caaieaaaiee aeac.
I?AAIE*ANEEA AIOENAIOEEE
Oaiieu
Oaiie 2-5% ?anoai?. ?aiueoa – ia?aaioea eiaee, eino?oiaioia, nae/an –
aiaoiyy aeaceioaeoeey.
?aci?oeei – ii?ioee, naa/e, iace – aioenaioe/aneia e ayaeouaa aeaenoaea.
E?aneoaee
Auioneathony a aeaea 1-3% aiaeiuo ?anoai?ia. Iaeaaeatho au?aaeaiiui
aioenaioe/aneei e ayaeouei aeaenoaeai.
Iaoeeaiiaue neiee – i?eiaiaiea i?e noiiaoeoao e oiiceeeeoao.
A?eeeeaioiaue caeaiue, yoae?eaeeia eaeoao – ia?aaioea iiaa?oiinoiuo
eiaeiuo iia?aaeaeaiee.
Aeueaeaaeaeu
Oi?iaeei 0.5-1% ?anoai?, Eecie, Eecioi?i – eniieucothony aeey
aeaceioaeoeee iiiauaiee. O?io?iiei (oaaeaoee) 0.5-1.0 a aioo?ue. A
iaeciaiaiiii aeaea auaiaeeony ii/eaie – i?eiaiyaony aeey ea/aiey aiieiuo
eioaeoeee ii/aauaiaeyueo iooae (ieaeiiao?eou, oeenoeou). Iniaaiii
oeaeaniia?acii i?eiaiaiea i?e oneiaii-iaoiaaiiuo aicaoaeeoaeae
eioaeoeee.
Nie?ou
Yoeeiaue nie?o i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaioee eiaee, eino?oiaioia.
Eniieuecoaony a aeaea 40-95% ?anoai?ia.
Aeaoa?aaiou
Oea?eaaeue (Ioeoeei), Aeaaieoeeae (1% aiaeiue ?anoai?)- ia?aaioea
iia?aoeeiiiiai iiey, ?oe oe?o?aa. Yoiiee 0.5-1% ?anoai?, iacue –
aioenaioe/aneia aeaenoaea, i?eiaiyaony i?e ea/aiee o?ioe/aneeo yca,
ayeioaeoueo iiaa?oiinoiuo ?ai.
Oei?aaeneaeeia aeaetheiiao (Aeaeoai) 0.02-0.05% – iieineaiea caaa,
aeac, ia?aaioea iieinoae. 0.5% ?anoai? – ia?aaioea ?oe e
eino?oiaioia.
?ieeae 1-10% ia?aaioea ?oe, iia?aoeeiiiiai iiey.
N?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeee aioenaioeeia e aioeaeioeeia
I?eciae Aioenaioeee Aioeaeioeee
Aeaenoaea Aaeoa?eoeeaeiia Aaeoa?einoaoe/aneia
Iaoaieci Aeano?oeoeey Ia?ooaiea iaoaaieecia
Niaeo? I/aiue oe?ieee Oceee (eae i?aaeei)
Oiene/iinoue Aunieay Ieceay
I?eiaiaiea Ianoii Nenoaiii
Aa?iyoiinoue ?acaeoey onoie/eainoe Iaeay Aieueoay
N?AAeNOAA ?AAOEE?OTHUEA I?IOeANNU INIIAIIAI IAIAIA
Eae i?aaeei ia eiatho o?iiiinoe e ii?aaeaeaiiui i?aaiai e
oeaiyi, aeaenoaotho nenoaiii.
AI?IIIU E AI?IIIAEUeIUA I?AIA?AOU (A e AI)
Ai?iiiu – aeieiae/anee aeoeaiua aauanoaa, au?aaaouaaaiua
yiaeie?eiiuie aeaeacaie e ?aaoee?othuea ?acee/iua ooieoeee i?aaiecia.
A e AI i?eiaiythony aeey 2-o aeaeia oa?aiee:
Caianoeoaeueiie e ?aaoee?othuae
I?e oiaiueoaiee i?iaeoeoeee Iiaeae?athony ii?aaeaeaiiua
nianoaaiiuo. A e AI
a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa
A ?aaoeyoeee nae?aoeee ai?iiiia anoue ei?ioeea e aeeeiiua
io?eoeaoaeueiua ia?aoiua nayce:
Ei?ioeay – i?iaeoeoeey ai?iiia yaeyaony iaoaieciii, ?aaoee?othuei
au?aaioeo niioaaonoaothuaai o?iiiiai ai?iiia aeiioeca.Ia ianoiyuee
iiiaio aeinoiaa?ii onoaiiaeaii iaee/ea neaaeothueo o?iiiuo ai?iiiia
aeiioeca: ai?iii ?inoa (niiaoio?iiiue ai?iii), i?ieaeoei, oe?aio?iiiue
ai?iii, ei?oeeio?iiei (aae?aiiei?oeeio?iiiue ai?iii), ethoaeiece?othuee
aiiii, oieeeeoenoeioee?othuee ai?iii. Ecaanoiu neaaeothuea
?aeeceia-oaeoi?u (?O) aeiioaeaiona: oe?aio?iiei ?O, ei?oeeio?iiei ?O,
i?ieaeoei ?O, ?O ai?iiia ?inoa. Auaeaeaiu iaeioi?ua eiaeae?othuea
oaeoi?u aeiioaeaiona: aeey i?ieaeoeia, aeey ai?iiia ?inoa.
Aeeeiiay – o?iaaiue ai?iiiia a ieacia aeiiieieoaeueii aeeyao ia
nae?aoeeth ?O aeiioaeaiona. Aua ia au?aaioeo ai?iiiia aeeytho: ia?aiay
nenoaia, aeieiae/aneea ?eoiu (nooi/iua, iany/iua, naciiiua).
Eeanneoeeaoeey ii oeie/aneie no?oeoo?a
1 Noa?ieaeu: aiae?iaaiu, yno?iaaiu, i?iaanoa?ii, aetheiei?oeeieaeu,
ieia?aeei?oeeieaeu.
2 Aaeeiaie i?e?iaeu (ia iacia/athony yioa?aeueii – ?ac?ooathony a
eeoa/ieea): einoeei, eaeueoeeoiiei, ia?ao-ai?iii.
3 I?iecaiaeiua aieiieeneio: oe?ienei, o?eeiaeoe?iiei.
Ai?iiiu ia eiatho aeaeiaie niaoeeoe/iinoe – iiyoiio iiiaea
i?aia?aou i?eaioiaeaiu ec aeaeac aeeaioiuo.
O eaaeaeiai ai?iiia naiy i?aaiio?iiiinoue e eeaoee-ieoaie.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea ai?iiiia n ?aoeaioi?aie ioee/aaony io acaeiiaeaenoaea
iae?iiaaeeaoi?ia n ?aoeaioi?aie.
Ai acaeiiaeaenoaee auaeaeyaony ianeieueei oac:
1 Oeenaoeey ia ?aoeaioi?a.
Aeoeaiue oeaio? naycuaaaony n niioaaonoaothueie aaeeaie
?aoeaioi?a. Acaeiiaeaenoaea ioee/aaony oai, /oi n?aco ia/eiaao
aeaenoaiaaoue nenoaia aoi?e/iuo iin?aaeieeia. Ai?iiiu aeoeae?otho
aaeaieeao-oeeeeaco – oaaee/eaaaony eiioeaio?aoeey oeAIO
– i?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe oa?iaioia (i?ioaei-eeiac).
?aoeaioi?u aeey ai?iiiia anoue e aioo?e eeaoee (e a yae?ao eeaoie). I?e
acaeiiaeaenoaee ai?iiia n ?aoeaioi?ii a yae?a i?ienoiaeeo aea?ai?anney
aaiia – ia/eiaaony neioac niioaaonoaothueo aaeeia. Iiiaea ai?iiiu eiatho
iaa iaoaiecia aeaenoaey (i?e yoii aeey eaaeaeiai ec iaoaieciia –
naiy eiioeao?aoeey ai?iiia).
Iauee eoia aeaenoaey ai?iiiia: eciaiaiea iaoaaieecia ca n/ao
neioaca aaeeia, aaiu eioi?uo ?aiaa auee ?ai?anne?iaaiu, i?ienoiaeeo
oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe oa?iaioia.
Iiaeao auoue 2 aa?eaioa ?aaoeyoeee:
1 Eiio?ieue aeoeaiinoe no?oeoo? eeaoee e eeaoie : auno?ia
?acaeoea yooaeoa, aeaenoaea a iaeuo eiioeaio?aoeeyo, II – ia?aie/aiiue
ooieoeeiiaeueiue ?aca?a.
2 Eiio?ieue eiee/anoaa: aieueoie eaoaioiue ia?eiae, aeaenoaea
oieueei aieueoeo eiioeaio?aoeee, II – i?aeoe/anee iaia?aie/aiiue
ooieoeeiiaeueiue ?aca?a.
AI?IIIU E AI?IIIAEUeIUA I?AIA?AOU UEOIAEAeIIE AEAEACU
Nouanoaoao 2 iniiaiuo ai?iiia: oe?ienei e o?eeiaeoe?iiei. Ii naiae
no?oeoo?a iie yaeythony niioaaonoaaiii 4- e 3- eiaee?iaaiiuie
i?iecaiaeiuie aeeoe?iceia. Auee ioe?uou a 1915 aiaeo Eaaeaeii.
A aeineioaca auaeaeytho ianeieueei i?ioeannia:
1 Aeineioac oe?aiaeiaoeeia 2 Caoaao eiaea 3 Eiaee?iaaiea
oe?ieneia, ioeiaeaiea a eieeieae
4 I?ioaieec eieeieaea 5 Nae?aoeey a e?iaue
Ana i?ioeannu i?ienoiaeyo iaeiia?aiaiii.
Aieiieeneiou iinooiatho a a a?aioey?ioth yiaeiieaciaoe/aneoth
naoue (i?ienoiaeeo aeeeiceee?iaaiea), ioooaea – a aieeaeueioth
iaia?aio. Eiae caoaa/aiiue n iiiiuueth aeoeaiiai o?ainii?oa eee
iinooieaoee a eeaoee iooai aeeooocee oiaea iai?aaeyaony a aieeaeueioth
iaia?aio eeaoee. A aieeaeueiie iaia?aia iiae aeaenoaeai ia?ieneaeac
eiiece?iaaiiue eiae ia?aoiaeeo a iieaeoey?ioth oi?io. I?e eiaee?iaaiee
oe?iceia ia?acoaony iiii- e aeeeiaeoe?icei. I?ienoiaeeo eiiaeainaoeey n
ia?aciaaieai eieeieaea. Iaeiia?aiaiii i?ienoiaeeo caoaao eieeieaea.
Iiae aeaenoaeai oe?aio?iiiiai ai?iiia i?ienoiaeeo yiaeioeeoic –
ia?acothony eaiee eieeieaea – a oaaieeciniiao eaiee ?ac?ooathony,
ia?acothony oe?ienei e o?eeiaeoe?iiei e nae?aoe?othony a e?iaue. A
i?ioeanna ?ac?ooaiey eieeieaea ia?acothony oaeaea iiii- e
aeeeiaeoe?icei eioi?ua iinooiatho ia?aoii a eieeieae.
Yooaeou oe?aio?iiiiai ai?iiia:
1 Niaoeeoe/aneia aunaiaiaeaeaiea oe?ieneia e o?eeiaeoe?iieia.
2 Oneeaiea caoaaoa eiaea (aeoeaiue o?ainii?o e aeeooocey)
3 Oaaee/aiea ia?aciaaiey eiaee?iaaiiiai oe?iceia
4 Oneeaiea i?ioaieeca eieeieaea
5 Oneeaiea e?iaioiea e aaneoey?ecaoeee ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu,
onei?aiea ?inoa.
Oe?ienei e o?eeiaeoe?iiei naycuaathony n aaeeaie ieaciu (a naiaiaeiii
ninoiyiee iaoiaeeony 0.3%), iaeaaeatho n?aaieoaeueii aieueoei
ia?eiaeii iieo?aniaaea (6-7 aeiae).
Yooaeou oe?ieneia e o?eeiaeoe?iieia:
1 ?aaoeyoeey ?inoa e ?acaeoey, neioaca aaeea
2 Oneeaiea iaoaaieecia iuooe
3 Oaaee/aiea iinooieaiey eenei?iaea a oeaie
4 Noeioeyoeey anao eaeee-iao?eaauo ianinia
5 Ea?aeeiaaneoey?iay aeoeaiinoue: Iieiaeeoaeueiia eiio?iiiia,
oaaee/aiea /oanoaeoaeueiinoe e eaoaoieaieiai (a?eoiiaaiiia aeaenoaea),
oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa aaoa-aae?aii?aoeaioi?ia.
6 Oaaee/aiea eiioeaio?aoeee aetheicu a e?iae
7 Nieaeaiea aee?iaiai iaiaia
I?e aeiiooieoeee ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu_. o aeaoae iaaethaeaaony
e?aoeieci (ia?ooaiea ?acaeoey e ooieoeee OeIN). O ac?ineuo – ieenaaeaia
(neecenoue ioae) – nieaeaiea iaiaia, ineaaeaiea na?aea/iie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aeiioa?iey, iaee?aiea. A iiaeeeii aic?anoa
ieenaaeaia eae i?aaeei aooieiioiiiai oa?aeoa?a.
Ea/aiea – caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey.
Oe?ieaeei_. – i?aia?ao yeno?aeoa aeaeac e?oiiiai ?iaaoiai neioa. A
ninoaa i?aia?aoa aoiaeyo oe?ienei e o?eeiaeoe?iiei. I?aia?ao
iaeaaeaao aieueoei eaoaioiui ia?eiaeii (yooaeoeaai i?e aeeeoaeueiii
i?eiaiaiee). Ii?iaeecoao acioenoue aaeain, iniiaiie iaiai,
niinianoaoao nieaeaieth aana, oiaiueoaieth eiioeaio?aoeee oieanoa?eia a
e?iae – ioiineony e e i?ioeaioieanoa?eiiaui n?aaenoaai. I?eiaiyaony
a oii /enea aeey ea/aiey ceiea/anoaaiiuo iiooieae ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
Iaaeinoaoie – aieueoie eaoaioiue ia?eiae
Eeioe?iiei_. – yooaeo ?acaeaaaony auno?i, i?aia?ao yooaeoeaai i?e
oiea?aioiinoe e oe?ieaeeio.
Ae?oaea i?aia?aou: Oe?ainoii, Eeioe?ienei (auno?ia aeaenoaea, oi?ioi
ananuaaaony), Oe?aieiia (oe?ienei + o?eeiaeoe?iiei + eiaeeae eaeey).
*aua iaaethaeaaony aeia?ooieoeey ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu_.
(oiene/aneee cia eee aacaaeiaa aieaciue). I?iyaeaiey: oe?aioieneeic n
?ac?anoaieai ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu e ieieiaeacie/iie eeao/aoee
(yeciooaeuei (io/aaeacea)).
Iaoaieci: a ?acoeueoaoa aooieiioiiuo ia?ooaiee au?aaaouaathony
aioeoaea i?ioea ?aoeaioi?ia e oe?aio?iiiiio ai?iiio.
Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey: ?acei aeoeae?iaai iaoaaieeci,
oaaee/aiea oaiia?aoo?u (“neiioii i?inouie”), oaaee/aiea aiiaoeoa
iaeiia?aiaiii n iioa?ae aana, oaoeea?aeey, a?eoiee, auiuaaiea
eaeueoeey aei inoaiii?ica.
Ea/aiea – aioeoe?aieaeiua n?aaenoaa:
Ia?eacieee_. – oiaiueoaao neioac oe?ieneia e o?eeiaeoe?iieia,
ia?ooaao eiaee?iaaiea ia noaaeee iiii- e aeeeiaeoe?iceia,
oiaiueoaiea caoaaoa e ieeneaiey eiaea (ia?aoiaea ec eiiece?iaaiiie
oi?iu a iieaeoey?ioth). E naienoaa i?aia?aoa ioiinyony:
1 Aieueoie eaoaioiue ia?eiae (aeaenoaoao iinea en/a?iaiey
?aca?aa eieeieaea)
2 I?e ia?ooaiee neioaca e oiaiueoaiee eiioeao?aoeee a ieacia
ai?iiiia ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu i?ienoiaeeo oneeaiiay nae?aoeey
oe?aio?iiiiai ai?iiia, eioi?ue niinianoaoao oneeaieth aaneo
ey?ecaoeee e oaaee/aieth ?acia?ia aeaeacu – no?oiiaaiiue yooaeo +
?ac?anoaiea ieieiaeacie/iie eeao/aoee.
3 Oi?ioi i?iieeaao /a?ac ieaoeaioo – ia?ooaiey o ieiaea
4 Iaeo?iiaiey, aa?aioeioeeioic
5 I?e yioa?aeueiii i?eiaiaiee – aeeniaioe/aneea yaeaiey
(oioiioa e ?aioa)
6 Ia?ooaiea ooieoeee ia/aie
Eiaeeaeu_.: Eiaeeae eaeey, iao?ey, ?anoai? Ethaiey.
I?e i?eaia aicieeaao ecauoie eiaea:
1 Oiaiueoaiea au?aaioee oe?aio?iiiiai ai?iiia (OOA) e
?aeeceia-oaeoi?ia aeiioaeaiona.
2 Ia?ooaiea i?ioiaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiuo eiee/anoa eiaea a eeaoee
aeaeacu.
Iaiaa aeoeaiu, ii ni/aoaiea n Ia?eacieeeii oeaeaniia?acii – oiaiueoaiea
no?oiiaaiiiai yooaeoa.
Aeeeiaeoe?iiei
Iaaeoeaai, ii oiaiueoaao i?iaeoeoeeth oe?aio?iiiiai ai?iiia –
i?eiaiyaony oieueei a ni/aoaiee n Ia?eacieeeii.
Ia?oei?ao eaeey
Oiaiueoaao caoaao eiaea e i?aa?auaiey eiiece?iaaiiiai eiaea a
iieaeoey?iue. Ia neioac ai?iiiia ia aeaenoaoao. Oa?aeoa?ii
no?oiiaaiiia aeaenoaea, aeia?aiey aeaeacu, i?eiaiyaony i?e
oiea?aioiinoe eee i?e iaiieacaiee Ia?eacieeea a nayce n aai iiai/iuie
yooaeoaie.
Ei?oeeinoa?ieaeu_. – i?eiaiythony aeey niyoey oe?aio?iiiuo e?ecia:
oiaiueoatho au?aaioeo OOA, ia?ooatho eiaee?iaaiea, oiaiueoatho
auaeaeaiea e nae?aoeeth oe?ieneia.
Eaeueoeeoiiei
Au?aaaouaaaony ia?aoanoeeeoey?iuie N-eeaoeaie ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
Ii no?oeoo?a – aaeie, ninoieo ec 32 aieiieeneio. Eiioeaio?aoeey a ieacia
100 ieeia?aii/eeo? = 0.1 iea/ie, o aeaiuei – iaiueoa. Oiaiueoaao
eiioeaio?aoeeth eaeueoeey a ieacia, niinianoaoao ioeiaeaieth
eaeueoeey a einoyo. IA aeeyao ia ananuaaiea e auaeaeaiea eaeueoeey. A
einoyo oi?iiceo inoaieeanou, oaaee/eaaao eiee/anoai eieeaaaia,
oaaee/eaaao eiee/anoai inoaiaeanoia, aeoeae?oao ieinoaiaiea,oiaiueoaao
niaea?aeaiea oinoi?a a ieacia e?iae ca n/ao oneeaiey auaeaeaiey aai
ii/eaie.
Eaeueoeeo?ei_. – i?eiaiyaony aioo?eiuoa/ii, aeice?oaony a AAe
(aaeeieoeao aeaenoaey). Eniieuecoaony i?e ea/aiee inoaiii?icia,
o?oaeiicaaeeaathueo ia?aeiiia (a ni/aoaiee n eaeueoeeai).
IA?AUEOIAEAeIUA AEAEACU
Ia?ao-ai?iii
Aaeeiaie i?e?iaeu, 84 aieiieeneiou, aioaaiieno eaeueoeeoiieia.
Niinianoaoao oaaee/aieth eiioeaio?aoeee eaeueoeey a ieacia ca n/ao:
1 Oneeaiea ananuaaiey
2 Auiuaaiea ec einoae
3 Oaaee/aiea ?aaani?aoeee a ii/eao
4 Oaaee/aiea auaeaeaiey oinoi?a
Aeaaiia aeaenoaea – ia einoioth oeaiue.
1 ?aiiyy oaca – aua?in eaeueoeey (2-4 /ana)
2 Iicaeiyy oaca – neioac oa?iaioia, ?ac?ooathueo einoioth
oeaiue, eiaeae?iaaiea aeeth/aiey eaeueoeey a eieeaaaiiaue iao?een.
Aeia?ia?aoe?aic
1 Neeueiue inoaiii?ic – /anoua ia?aeiiu io iacia/eoaeueiuo
oece/aneeo iaa?ocie.
2 Aeia?eaeueoeeaiey: o aeaoae – ?aiiaa cae?uoea ?iaeie/eia,
ioeiaeaiea eaeueoeey a iyaeeo oeaiyo, caiaaeeaiea ?inoa e ?acaeoey.
Aeey ea/aiey inoaiii?ica i?eiaiythony: Eaeueoeeo?ei, aeoaiei D, niee
eaeueoeey.
Aeiiia?aoe?aic
Iaaethaeaaony i?e aeaoaeoa oe?o?ae/aneie iia?aoeee, aooieiioiiuo
ia?ooaieyo. I?e ?aceii oiaiueoaiee eaeueoeey a ieacia iaaethaeaaony
niaciioeeey, oaoaiey, ey?eiai- e a?iioiniaciu.
Aeey ea/aiey i?eiaiythony Ia?aoe?ieaeei (ia?ao-ai?iii,
iieo/aiiue ec aeeaioiuo). I?aia?ao i?eiaiyaony aianoa n eaeueoeeai,
iaeaaeaao aeeeoaeueiui eaoaioiui ia?eiaeii, aaiaeeony iiaeeiaeii. 1 ie
i?aia?aoa niioaaonoaoao 20 AAe.
IIAeAEAEOAeI*IAss AEAEACA
Iiaeaeaeoaei/iay aeaeaca auiieiyao yecie?eiioth (auaeaeyao
iaie?aaoe/aneee nie) e yiaeie?eiioth (auaeaeyao ai?iiiu) ooieoeee.
Aeueoa-eeaoee – auaeaeytho aetheaaii. Aai yooaeou: oaaee/aiea
eiioeaio?aoeee aetheicu a e?iae, oneeaiea ?ac?ooaiey aeeeiaaia,
oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa ?aoeaioi?ia e einoeeio, oiaiueoaiea
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe a einoeeio.
Aaoa-eeaoee – auaeaeytho einoeei.
Aaiia- e aeaeueoa-eeaoee – auaeaeytho aano?ei e niiaoinoaoei
(aioaaiieno einoeeia).
1921 aiae – Aaioeia e Aano auea/eee yeno?aeoii ec iiaeaeaeoaei/iie
aeaeacu niaaeo n oaeaeaiiie iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacie.
1965 aiae – neioac einoeeia (51 aieiieeneioa).
I?ieinoeei iinooiaao a e?iaue, iaeaaeaao iaeie aeoeaiinoueth (5% io
aeoeaiinoe einoeeia).
Einoeei_. – aeice?oaony oieueei a AAe. 1 AAe = 0.04 ia
e?enoaeee/aneiai einoeeia. Eiioeaio?aoeey a ieacia a oa/aiee nooie
iiaeaa?aeaia cia/eoaeueiui eieaaaieyi, Iaoiuae 0.4-0.8 ia/eeo? (15%
ninoaaeyao i?ieinoeei).
Einoeei aeeyao ia ana aeaeu iaiaia. I?e aai aeaoeoeeoa – a ieacia
aieueoay eiioeaio?aoeey aetheicu, ii iia ia ooeeece?oaony – no?aaeatho
ana aeaeu iaiaia.
Oeiu aeeaaaoa:
1 Niiioaiiue einoeei-caaeneiue e einoeei-iacaaeneiue
2 Aoi?e/iue – naycai n eciaiaieyie i?iaeoeoeee aioeeinoeeiiauo
oaeoi?ia (niiaoinoaoeia, aeeeiei?oeeieaeia). Iiaeao auoue aeeaaao
aa?aiaiiuo – eco/aaony a eo?na aeooa?noaa.
Iaoaieciu ?acaeoey:
1 Aaiaoe/aneay i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue + oaeoi?u aiaoiae n?aaeu
(aiciiaeii ae?onu) = iia?aaeaeaiea eee aeaaeue aaoa-eeaoie
iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu.
2 Aaiaoe/aneay i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue (aeaoeoeeo einoeeia) +
iaee?aiea (einoeeii?acenoaioiinoue) = aaniethoiay eee ioiineoaeueiay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue einoeeia.
Aeaoeoeeo einoeeia i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieth ooeeecaoeee aetheicu,
aicieeiiaaieth aeia?aeeeaiee, ia?ooaieth iiaeiuaiey aetheicu n ieuae.
Aaeee: oiaiueoaiea iiaeiuaiey aieiieeneio – aeiiaieiiaoeeaeyiey.
AEe?u: ia?ooaiea ia?aciaaiey oeeiiee?iiia – oaaee/aiea
niaea?aeaiey o?eaeeoea?eaeia, oaiaoaiea eeiieeca.
I?e aieueoii aeaoeoeeoa – aeoeaaoeey aetheiiaiaaiaca, i?ioaieeca
(e ?ac?ooaiey aieiieeneio), ia?ooaiea i?aa?auaiee aieiieeneio (ana eaeoo
ia ia?aciaaiea oaeaaiaeia).
Aeaeueoa – oneeaiea eeiieeca, oaaee/aiea niaea?aeaiey
naiaiaeiuo aee?iuo eeneio, oaaee/aiea ieeneaiey aee?a a ia/aie-
eaoiaoeeaeic.
I?eciaee aeeaaaoa:_. oaaee/aiea naoa?a a ieacia, ?aceia
oaaee/aiea i?e naoa?iie iaa?ocea, au?aaeaiiay aetheico?ey.
Eeeie/anee: iieeo?ey, aeaaeaea, iieeoaaey (oaaee/aiiue aiiaoeo).
Oa?aeoa?ii aaeeiaia enoiuaiea, ia?ooaiey iee?ioee?eoeyoeee, ia?ooaiey
c?aiey (?aoeiiiaoee).
AI?IIIU /anoue 2
Yiaeiaaiiue einoeei au?aaaouaaaony ni nei?inoueth 0.5 – 1.5 AAe a
/an, iaaeaeo i?eaiaie ieue. Eieaaaiey aetheicu e einoeeia ia?aeeaeueiu,
aetheica neoaeeo ioneiaui iaoaieciii, i?iieeay aioo?ue aaoa-eeaoie
iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu e i?eaiaey e ia/aeo neioaca i?ieinoeeia e
einoeeia. A iaoaiecia neioaca einoeeia auaeaeytho 2 oacu:
Auno?ay – aua?in oaea neioace?iaaiiiai einoeeia
Iaaeeaiiay – oneeaiea neioaca e nae?aoeee einoeeia
Anoue 5 aeaeia nianoaaiiuo einoeeiiauo ?aoeaioi?ia. I?e iaee?aiee
oiaiueoaaony n?iaenoai ?aoeaioi?ia e einoeeio – aicieeaao
einoeei-?acenoaioiue aeeaaao. Ia?eiae iieo?aniaaea einoeeia = 4-5
ieioo. Anoue aioaaiienou (a ieacia – neiaeueaoiei). E aioaaiienoai
einoeeia ioiinyony niiaoinoaoei e aetheaaii.
Yooaeou einoeeia:
Aeeyiea ia oaeaaiaeiue iaiai
1 Oiaiueoaiea niaea?aeaiey naoa?a a ieacia
2 Oaaee/aiea i?iieeiiaaiey aetheicu /a?ac iaia?aiu
3 Oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe aaena- e aetheieeiacu a ia/aie
4 Nieaeaao oi?iicyuaa aeaenoaea aetheiei?oeeieaeia e
ei?oeeio?iieia ia aaena- e aetheieeiaco.
5 Oaaee/eaaao eiee/anoai aetheicu, iinooiathuae a iaioiciue
oeeee
6 Aeoeae?oao aeeeiaaineioaoaco, oaiaoaao oinoi?eeaco
(iniaaiii a ia/aie).
7 ?acei oaiaoaao aetheiiaiaaiac ec ie?oaaoa
Aeeyiea ia aee?iaie iaiai
1 Oneeaiea neioaca aee?iuo eeneio a ia/aie
2 Oaaee/aiea nei?inoe iiaeiuaiey o?eaeeoea?eaeia
3 Oaiaoaiea eeiieeca (eiaeae?iaaiea eeiac)
4 Oaaee/aiea iauaai eiee/anoaa aee?iaie eeao/aoee a i?aaiecia
Aeeyiea ia aaeeiaue iaiai
1 Oneeaiea iiaeiuaiey aieiieeneio oeaiyie, iniaaiii iuooeaie
2 Oneeaiea neioaca aaeea
3 Oiaiueoaiea ieeneaiey aieiieeneio
Eoia:
A Aioeeaoaaiee/aneia aeaenoaea
Oiaiueoaiea: aeeeiaaiieeca a ia/aie, ia?aciaaiey aetheicu, ia?aciaaiey
eaoiiiauo oae, eeiieeca, ?aniaaea aaeea e auoiaea aieiieeneio
A Aiaaiee/aneia aeaenoaea
Oaaee/aiea neioaca aeeeiaaia, aee?iuo eeneio, aeeoea?eia, aaeea
e aieiieeneio.
I?aia?aou ei?ioeiai aeaenoaey
Einoeei ?aaoey?iue, Noeinoeei (iieo/atho ec iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu
naeiae), Aeo?aieae, Ooioeei R.
Iauay oa?iaeieeiaoeea: Auno?ia ia/aei aeaenoaey (20-30 ieioo)
Aeinoeaaao iaeneiaeueiie eiioeaio?aoeee /a?ac 1-3 /ana, ii
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey 6-8 /ania. Aaiaeeony 1-3 ?aca a nooee.
Iaeaaeatho ianoii?acae?aaeathuei aeaenoaeai oae eae eo ?H iaiueoa /ai
pH oeaiae. I?aia?aou aeoeaiu, iiyoiio aiciiaeiu ia?aaeice?iaee,
i?eaiaeyuea e aeiiaeeeaie/aneie eiia. Neiioiiu eiiu: iioa?y niciaiey,
noaei?iae, aeiioa?iey, ia?ooaiey ooieoeeiie?iaaiey na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoie
nenoaiu. Eiia eaaei eoie?oaony aaaaeaieai aetheicu.
Einoeei anaaaea aeice?oaony a aaeeieoeao aeaenoaey. 1 AAe
niinianoaoao onaiaieth i?eia?ii 5-6 a naoa?a auaeaeyaiiai n ii/ie ca
nooee (i?eiaiyaoeeny ?aiaa iaoiae ii?aaeaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiie aeicu
einoeeia).
I?aia?aou n?aaeiae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeaenoaey
1 Einoeei aii?oiue + i?ioaiei + oeeie
2 Einoeei Naieeaioa
Ia/aei /a?ac 1-1.5 /ana, iaeneiaeueiay eiioeaio?aoeey /a?ac 3-6 /ania,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 8-10 /ania.
I?aia?aou aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey
Noniaicey einoeei-i?ioaieia, Einoeei Eaioa
Ia/aei /a?ac 2 /ana, iaeneioi /a?ac 8-12 /ania, aeeeoaeueiinoue
aei 20 /ania.
I?aia?aou naa?oaeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey
Oeueo?aeaioa, Ooioeei G
Ia/aei /a?ac 4 /ana, iaeneioi /a?ac 10-16 /ania,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aei 30 /ania.
Neioaoe/aneea aioeaeeaaaoe/aneea n?aaenoaa
I?iecaiaeiua noeueoaiee-ii/aaeiu
Oieaooaieae (I?eiaae) 6-12 /ania
Aoeaoiaaenaieae (Aeaieei?) 10-24 /ana
Oieacaieae (Oieeiaae) 10-24 /ana
Oei?i?iiaieae (Aeeaaaiac) 24-60 /ania
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey: noeioeyoeey aaoa-eeaoie iiyoiio yooaeoeaiu,
eiaaea i?e/eiie aeeaaaoa yaeyaony ineaaeaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
aaoa-eeaoie (aeeaaao iiaeeeuo). I?e yoii:
Oaaee/eaaaony: /oanoaeoaeueiinoue eeaoie e aetheica, ia?aoiae
aetheicu aioo?ue eeaoie, neioac i?ieinoeeia e einoeeia
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue ?aoeaioi?ia e einoeeio
Oiaiueoaaony ia/aii/iay i?iaeoeoeey aetheicu.
I?aia?aou iaeioiene/iu, ii/oe iao iiai/iuo yooaeoia, II i/aiue
auno?i ?acaeaaaony oiea?aioiinoue – aei 50% aieueiuo ia/oanoaeoaeueiu e
aeaiiui i?aia?aoai.
Aeeaaieeaieae, Aeth?aii?i – oaaee/aia aeoeaiinoue,
ananuaaaiinoue, aeiioieanoa?eiyie/aneia aeaenoaea. Yooaeoeaii i?e
?acenoaioiinoe e i?aaeuaeouei i?aia?aoai.
Iiai/ii
Aeiiaeeeaiey, oiaiueoaiea niaea?aeaiey iao?ey, aiaiee, aaiaoeou,
aeea?aee.
I?iecaiaeiua aeaoaieaeeiia
Aeeaooeae, Iaoi?iei – Ia noeioee?otho aaoa-eeaoee, ii:
oiaiueoatho:
ananuaaaiinoue aetheicu, aeeyiea aioaaiienoia, oneeeaatho o?ainii?o
aetheicu e ooeeeecaoeeth aetheicu, oaiaoatho einoeeiaco.
E?iia yoiai i?aia?aou oi?iicyo neioac oieanoa?eia e oiaiueoatho
ianno oaea.
I?aia?aou iaeioiene/iu, aucuaatho neaainoue, iaoaeee/aneee
i?eaeon ai ?oo, eiiaaea – aoeeaeic.
AETHEAAII
I?iaeooee?oaony aeueoa-eeaoeaie iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu, ninoieo 29
aieiieeneio. Ia?eiae iieo?aniaaea 6-7 ieioo. Niinianoaoao oaaee/aieth
ia?aciaaiey aetheicu, oneeaiea ?aniaaea aeeeiaaia. Ieacuaaao
iieiaeeoaeueiia eiio?iiiia aeaenoaea (ii i?e yoii ?acei oaaee/eaaao
iio?aaiinoue ieiea?aea a eenei?iaea). Iieiaeeoaeueiia ae?iiio?iiiia,
iniaaiii a iaeanoe ao?ei-aaio?eeoey?iiai ocea. Oneeeaaao aua?in
eaeueoeey ec a?aioey?iie yiaeiieaciaoe/aneie naoe – inoi?iaeii i?e
i?eiaiaiee na?aea/iuo aeeeiceaeia. Iiaeao aucaaoue aeiiaeeeaie/aneea
ninoiyiey, ea?aeeiaaiiue oie.
AI?IIIU EI?U IAAeII*A*IEEIA
1855 O. Aaeenii iienae a?iiciaoth aieaciue – “aieaciue
Aaeeniia-Ae?ia?a”
1954 Oeeei Oyia i?eiaiee ai?iiiu ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia aeey
ea/aiey ?aaiaoecia.
Ai?iiiu ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia aeaeyony ia:
Ieia?aeiei?oeeieaeu, Aetheiei?oeeieaeu, Iieiaua ai?iiiu.
Aetheiei?oeeieaeu
Aeae?iei?oecii, Ei?oecii – ia?acothony ec oieanoa?eia iiae
aeeyieai Ei?oeeio?iieia, eioi?ue acaeiiaeaenoaoao n ?aoeaioi?aie ia
iiaa?oiinoe eeaoie e aioo?e ieo e i?eaiaeeo e oneeaieth ia?aciaaiey
i?inoaaeaiaeeiia, aee?iuo eeneio e oieanoa?eia e neioaco ec ei?oeciia e
aeae?iei?oeciia.
Eeanneoeeaoeey
O ei?oeciia e aeae?iei?oeciia aetheiei?oeeieaeiay aeoeaiinoue
ni/aoaeanue n ieia?aeiei?oeeieaeiie, iiyoiio noaee i?eiaiyoue
neioaoe/aneea i?aia?aou.
I?aaeiecii, I?aaeiecieii – oiaiueoaia ieia?aeiei?oeeieaeiay aeoeaiinoue
e oaaee/aia aetheiei?oeeieaeiay. I?aaeiecieiia aaienoeoeeiao (aeey
ia?aioa?aeueiiai aaaaeaiey), Iaoeei?aaeiecieii (O?aacii).
Aeaenaiaoacii, O?eaioeeiieii (Iieueea?oai) – aua aieueoa
oiaiueoaia ieia?aeei?oeeieaeiay aeoeaiinoue e oaaee/aia
aetheiei?oeeieaeiay. Eaiieii – aeey aioo?enonoaaiiai aaaaeaiey
Iaeeaiaoacii (Iaeioeae), Aaoaiaoacii (iacue), Neiaea?,
Eieaea?oai.
Ai?iiiu naycuaathony n o?ainei?oeiii e aeueaoieiaie (Aeae?iei?oecii ia
80% naycuaaaony n o?ainei?oeiii e ia 20% n aeueaoieiaie). O?eaioeaiieii
iaiueoa naycuaaaony n aaeeaie ieaciu. I?e oiaiueoaiee eiee/anoaa
aaeeia ieaciu oaaee/eaaaony aeoeaiinoue e iiai/iua yooaeou
aetheiei?oeeieaeia. Oiaea yaeaiea i?ienoiaeeo o iiaeeeuo ethaeae e
enoiuaiiuo. *ai aieueoa naiaiaeiuo aetheiei?oeeieaeia oai aieueoa
ei?oeeio?iieia caaea?aeeaaaony ia/aiueth e auaiaeeony ii/eaie.
O aetheiei?oeeieaeia anoue nianoaaiiua ?aoeaioi?u ia iiaa?oiinoe
eeaoie (6000-12000/eeaoeo). Ca n/ao ?ai?annee e aea?ai?annee aaiia
aetheiei?oeeieaeu aeeytho ia ana aeaeu iaiaia.
Aaeeiaue iaiai: oaaee/eaaaony ?aniaae e oiaiueoaaony neioac
aaeea, aieiieeneiou i?aa?auathony a aetheico. Eiiaaea, i?e aieueoeo
eiioeaio?aoeeyo iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny einoeei-?acenoaioiue aeeaaao. A
ia/aie oaaee/aiea_. neioaca aaeeia: no?oeoo?iuo (oaaee/aiea aana ia/aie,
oneeaiea ?aaaia?aoeee) e oa?iaioaoeaiuo (oa?iaiou o?ainaieie?iaaiey e
neioaca aeeeiaaia).
Oaeei ia?acii oneeeaaaony aioeoiene/aneay ooieoeey ia/aie.
Aeaenoaey aetheiei?oeeieaeia:
1 Io?eoeaoaeueiue acioenoue aaeain – a ii/a oaaee/eaaaony
eiee/anoai aiieaea, ii/aaeiu, ii/aaie eeneiou, aieiieeneio.
2 Aeiii?ioaeiyiey (ca n/ao aeiaoeeiia)
3 Aeia?aeeeaiey, aetheico?ey.
4 Oaaee/aiea niaea?aeaiey aeeeiaaia a ia/aie e iuooeao
Iaeaaeaao aeaenoaeai ia niaaeeieoaeueioth oeaiue e oo/iua eeaoee –
i?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiue yooaeo a i?iaeoeoeaioth oaco. Oaeaea
i?ienoiaeeo oiaiueoaiea i?iaeoeoeee oea?iaeanoaie eieeaaaia,
oiaiueoaaony ?ac?anoaiea niaaeeieoaeueiie oeaie. Ca n/ao oaiaoaiey
ooieoeee oo/iuo eeaoie i?ienoiaeeo oiaiueoaiea aenoaieia e
aeaeo?iieaeacu.
A eeioieaeiie oeaie i?ienoiaeeo oaiaoaiea i?iaeoeoeee eeioioeeoia
oeionii . Yoi iaoneiaeeaaao eiioiiaeai?anneaiia e aioeeaeeaie/aneia
aeaenoaea. Yoiio aea aeaenoaeth niinianoaoao oiaiueoaiea aeoeaiinoe
aenoaieia e na?ioiieia. Oaeaea i?ienoiaeeo noaaeeecaoeey iaia?ai
eecinii e oiaiueoaiea auoiaea eeciniiaeueiuo oaeoi?ia.
Aeiiieieoaeueii:
1 Oiaiueoaaony iea?aoeey noaieiauo eeaoie e?iae 2
Oiaiueoaaony aeoeaiinoue A-eeioioeeoia
3 Oiaiueoaaony acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo A- e O-eeioioeeoaie
4 Oiaiueoaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiie aeoeaiinoe n?aaeieo e iaeuo
eeioioeeoia 5 Oiaiueoaiea i?iaeoeoeee IgE – aetheiei?oeeieaeu
eniieuecothony a o?ainieaioieiaee
Aeeyiea ia oaeaaiaeiue iaiai:
Oaiaoaiea caoaaoa aetheicu oeaiyie – acaeiiaeaenoaea aetheicu n
?aoeaioi?aie
Oneeaiea neioaca aetheicu ec aieiieeneio.
Aeeyiea ia aee?iaie iaiai:
I?ienoiaeeo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aee?a, a iiaeeiaeiie aee?iaie
eeao/aoea i?ienoiaeeo eeiieec (aeiiieieoaeueii oaaee/eaaaony
eeiieeoe/aneay aeoeaiinoue aae?aiaeeia), i?ienoiaeeo oaiaoaiea
eeiiaaiaca – iiooaeaiea. Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei i?ienoiaeeo ioeiaeaiea
aee?a a iaeanoe eeoea e oae (eoiiia?aciia eeoei). E yooaeoai
ioiineony ii?iaeecaoeey iee?ioee?eoeyoeee, noaaeeecaoeey ninoaeenoie
noaiee, oiaiueoaaony ?ac?ooaiea eaoaoieaieiia (eiaeae?iaaiea EIIO) –
oaaee/eaaaony a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea.
Oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa oinoieeiacu A2 i?eaiaeeo e:
1 Oiaiueoaieth ia?aciaaiey a?aoeaeiiiaie eeneiou, i?inoaaeaiaeeiia
e o?iiaienaia A2
2 Oeo/oaieth iee?ioee?eoeyoeee, oneeaieth yenoaeaoeee
Iieacaiey
1 Ea/aiea ?aaiaoecia e ae?oaeo eieeaaaiicia a oii /enea
?aaiaoieaeiiai a?o?eoa
2 Ea/aiea a?iioeaeueiie anoiu (eoie?iaaiea status asthmaticus)
3 Ianoiia ea/aiea yecaiu, iae?iaea?ieoia
4 Ea/aiea aeiia?oeiiao?eoia, ino?uo e iaino?aiee o?iie/aneeo
ieaeiiao?eoia.
5 I?ioeeaeoeea e ea/aiea oieiauo ninoiyiee
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea
1 Oeaio?aeueiia aeaenoaea – ia?ooaiea ineoeee (aei noa?ieaeiuo
ineoicia)
2 Ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aee?a
3 Ia?ooaiea aeiioaeaie/aneie e aeiioeca?iie ?aaoeyoeee
4 I?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee i?iyaeyaony ieia?aeei?oeeieaeiay
aeoeaiinoue – aeiieaeeaiey, caaea?aeea aiaeu (inoi?iaeii i?eiaiyoue n
aeeo?aoeeaie e na?aea/iuie aeeeiceaeaie).
5 Aeia?oiiey (ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey EIIO)
6 Oeueoea?iaaiiia aeaenoaea – oneeaiea e iaino?aiea oa/aiey ycau
aeaeoaeea e aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee.
7 Oaiaoaiea eiioieoaoa – iaino?aiea o?iie/aneeo caaieaaaiee
(ooaa?eoeac, neoeeen)
8 Inoaiii?icu
9 Noa?ieaeiue aeeaaao
Ei?oeeio?iiei
Ii?ioie 10-40 AAe a 1 a. Iaycaoaeueii i?eiaiyaony i?e ai?iiiaeueiie
oa?aiee. Eia/a i?e ioiaia ai?iiia aicieeaao 2 yooaeoa:
1 Oaiiiai ioaea/e (oaaee/aiea aua?ina ?aeeceia oaeoi?ia
aeiioaeaiona e o?iiiuo ai?iiiia aeiioeca i?eaiaeeo e ?aceiio aua?ino
nianoaaiiuo ai?iiiia).
2 I?e aeeeoaeueiie oa?aiee ai?iiiaie ia au?aaaouaaaony
ei?oeeio?iiei e iinea ioiaiu nianoaaiiua ai?iiiu nianai ia
au?aaaouaathony.
I?aaeeueii – i?e oiaiueoaiee aeicu aaiaeeoue iaaieueoea
eiee/anoaa ei?oeeio?iieia.
Iiai/iia aeaenoaea – oiaea, /oi e o aetheiei?oeeieaeia.
IEIA?AEEI?OEEIEAeU
1 AeIENA (aeacieneei?oeeinoa?iiaoeaoao) caaea?aeeaaao iao?ee –
caaea?aeeaaaony aiaea – oaaee/aiea a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey.
I?eiaiythony i?e aeiiooieoeee iaaeii/a/ieeia (“Aaeeniiiaa aieaciue”).
I?eiaiyaony a aeaea ianeyiiai 0.5% ?anoai?a, aaiaeeony
aioo?eiuoa/ii. Iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea.
2 O?eiaoeeaoeaoao AeIENA – noniaicey, aaiaeeony aioo?eiuoa/ii –
aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey aei 2-o iaaeaeue. Oaeaea i?eiaiyaony
eiieaioaoeey oaaeaoie a aee?iaoth eeao/aoeo aeeaioa.
IIEIAUA AI?IIIU
Oieeeeoe-noeioee?othuee ai?iii e ethoaeiece?othuee ai?iii.
ONA i?eaiaeeo e
AEaiueiu ?acaeoeth oieeeeoea
Ioae/eiu nia?iaoiaaiac
EA i?eaiaeeo e
AEaiueiu iaoeyoeey
Ioae/eiu neioac oanoinoa?iia
Eaeoioa?ei – ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aeaeoiai oaea, eaeoaoeey
Yno?iaaiu_. – Yno?aaeeie, Yno?ie, Yno?eie. Iieoneioaoe/aneea –
Yno?aaeeiea aaiciao e aeei?iiaiiao. Neioaoe/aneea – Aeeyoeenoeiaano?ie,
Aeeiano?ie e aai niee, Neiyno?ie, Ieoayno?ie.
I?eiaiaiea
Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ooieoeee ye/ieeia – aeeniaii?ay, eeeiaeoa?e/aneea
?anno?ienoaa, eiiieaeniay oa?aiey ?aea i?aaenoaoaeueiie aeaeacu. ?ae
iiei/iuo aeaeac o aeaiuei noa?oa 50-55 eao. Anoue aioeyno?iaaiiua
n?aaenoaa – neioaoe/aneea (aeie oeaiaauo ?aoeaioi?ia) – oaaee/eaaaony
eiioeaio?aoeey aiiaaeio?iiiuo ai?iiiia – oaaee/eaaaony ?acia? e
ooieoeeiiaeueiay aeoeaiinoue ye/ieeia.
Ea/aiea aanieiaeey. – Eeiieoai, Oiiieneoai
I?iaanoa?ii_. (neioaoe/aneee aiaeia – I?aaiei)
Iaania/eaaao eiieaioaoeeth oieeeeoea e ii?aaeaeyao ii?iaeueiue
oiion iaoee ai a?aiy aa?aiaiiinoe. Oiaiueoaao /oanoaeoaeueiinoue iaoee
e ieneoioeeio e aacii?anneio.
I?eiaiaiea – i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea aueeaeuoae.
Aioaaiienou I?iaanoa?iia i?eiaiythony aeey i?a?uaaiey aa?aiaiiinoe
(oieueei a noaoeeiia?ao, o iiuoiuo niaoeeaeenoia ii iaaeeoeeineei
iieacaieyi).
Ni/aoaiea n yno?iaaiaie – i?eiaiaiea a ea/anoaa eiio?aoeaioeaia
Aiae?iaaiu
I?eiaiythony i?e ?anno?ienoaao iieiaie noa?u o ioae/ei, ea/aiea
eeeiaeoa?e/aneeo ?anno?ienoa e ?aea iiei/iie aeaeacu.
1 Oanoinoa?ii 2 Iaoeeoanoinoa?ii 3 Oanoinoa?iia
i?iieiiao Aioaaiieno – Oeei?ioa?ii
Aiaaiee/aneea n?aaenoaa (i?iecaiaeiua aiae?iaaiia)
Oiaiueoaia niaoeeoe/aneay aiae?iaaiiay aeoeaiinoue ii nio?aiaii
aeaenoaea ia iaiai. Iaoaiae?inoaiieii ,Ia?iaie – i?eiaiythony aeey
noeioeyoeee i?ioeannia ?aaaia?aoeee: 1 Iinea oyaeaeuo iia?aoeee 2 O
enoiuaiiuo aieueiuo
Aeoaieiiua i?aia?aou
Ieceiiieaeoey?iua i?aaie/aneea niaaeeiaiey, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey
iaania/aiey anao i?ioeannia, i?e yoii ia yaeythueany ieanoe/aneei eee
yia?aaoe/aneei noano?aoii.
Aunooiatho a ea/anoaa eioa?iaioia.
I?eiaiaiea:
1 N?aaenoaa niaoeeoe/aneie oa?aiee niioaaonoaothuaai aaeoaieiica eee
aeiiaeoaieiica
I?e/eiu aaeoaieiicia:
1 Ia?ooaiea ea/anoaa e/eee naaeaine?iaaiiinoe ieoaiey.
I?e ecauoea oaeaaiaeia iaiaoiaeei aeoaiei A1, i?e aaaaoa?eainoaa
aeoaiei ??
2 Oaaee/aiiay iio?aaiinoue a aeoaieiao.
Oece/aneea e yiioeeiiaeueiua iaa?ocee, i?ioanneiiaeueiua a?aaeiinoe.
3 Ia?ooaiea ananuaaiey aeoaieiia
Ianiaoeeoe/aneay oa?iaeioa?aiey i?e ionoonoaee ?aaeueiiai aeii- eee
aaeoaieiica a ?ann/aoa ia oeo/oaiea eeaoi/iiai iaoaaieecia (i?eiaiythony
cia/eoaeueii aieueoea aeicu).
Aeeytho ia aaeeiaue iaiai: A5, A9,A12,A6,A,A,E. Aeeytho ia oaeaaiaeiue
iaiai: A1,A2,A5,N,A.
Aeeytho ia eeieaeiue iaiai: A6,??. Eiatho aioeeioaeoeeiiiue yooaeo:
N,A,D. Eiatho aioeaaii??aae/aneee yooaeo: N,?,E. Eiatho aioeaiaie/aneee
yooaeo: A12,A2,A6,N,A9. Aeoaiei A1
I?aia?aou:
Oeaieia a?iieae e oei?eae. Eiea?aieneeaca. Aeoeaiia aauanoai – oeaieia
aeeoinoao.
O/anoaoao a oaeaaiaeiii iaiaia (aeae?aieneee?iaaiea eaoi-eeneio). I?e
iaaeinoaoea no?aaeaao OeIN e ia?eoa?e/aneay ia?aiay nenoaia:
Auno?ay ooiieyaiinoue, iieeiaa?eou, ia?acu, iuoa/iay neaainoue, ioaee,
na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
I?eiaiaiea:
Oeaieia a?iieae e oei?eae – aeii e aaeoaieiicu, ea/aiea iieeiaa?eoia
(eiiieaeniay oa?aiey), ycaaiiay aieaciue aeaeoaeea e
aeaaiaaeoeaoeia?noiie eeoee, caaieaaaiey ia?eoa?e/aneeo ninoaeia.
Eiea?aieneeaca – A eiiieaeniie oa?aiee ii/a/iie, ia/aii/iie, na?aea/iie.
eaai/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe.
Iiai/ii: Aeea?aee(/aua i?e ia?yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee(i?e aioo?eaaiiii
aaaaeaiee aei aiaoeeaeoe/aneiai oiea)).
Aeoaiei A 2 (?eaioeaaei)
?eaioeaaei e ?eaioeaaei-iiiiioeeaioeae.
Aeoeaiia aauanoai – eioa?iaio oeaaei (o/anoaoao a eeaoi/iii aeuoaiee)
N?aaenoaa aeeythuea ia eiioieoao
Eiioiiaeai?annaiou
Aioei?ieeoa?aoeaiia aeaenoaea ( ianaeaeoeaiue oeeoioiene/aneee yooaeo.
Oeeeeinii?ei A (Naiaeeiioi), Acioeii?ei (Eio?ai), Oeeeeioinoai
(Yiaeienai), Io?iiaa CD3, Aetheiei?oeeieaeu.
Oeeeeinii?ei A
Aioeaeioee iaioeaeiie i?e?iaeu, oaiaoaao oeaiaaoth ianiaianoeiinoue i?e
ia?anaaeea. Naeaeoeaii aeaenoaoao a ioiioaiee O-eeioioeeoia (ieoaiue –
O-oaeia?u). Ia?ooaao neioac EE-2, i?aiyonoaoao ii?iaeueiie eiiia?aoeee
O- e A-eeioioeeoia.
Eniieueciaaoue iaiaoiaeeii eae iiaeii ?aiueoa, i?e iiyaeaiee ia?auo
i?eciaeia ianiaianoeiinoe. Iiai/ii:
Ieieiaeueiia oaiaoaiea e?iaaoai?aiey, iao?i- e aaiaoioiene/iinoue,
aeeniaioe/aneea ia?ooaiey, aeia?eaeeaiey, aeeniaii?ay, aiaiey,
noaei?iae, ia?ooaiea ?aaeoeaiinoe.
Acaoeii?ei
Eieaeacieueiia i?iecaiaeiia 6-ia?eaioiio?eia. Oaaee/aiu
eiioiiaeai?anneaiua naienoaa e oiaiueoaiu oeeoinoaoe/aneea. Ieoaiue –
aeoeaii aeaeyueany eeaoee. Ii iaoaiecio aeaenoaey – aioeiaoaaieeo. I?e
yioa?aeueiii aaaaeaiee ecae?aoaeueii iaeaieeaaaony a eeioieaeiie oeaie,
a eioi?ie o iaai aunieay nei?inoue i?aa?auaiey a aeoeaiia aauanoai (
naeaeoeaiinoue. Ii naiae no?oeoo?a yaeyaony 6-oeieiiceiiaie eeneioie –
eiieo?e?oao n eiiceiiaie eeneioie ca oa?iaiou, aneaaenoaea yoiai
i?ienoiaeeo ia?ooaiea neioaca AeIE. Aeiiieieoaeueii oaiaoaaony
5-oinoi?eaiceiaiei, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aeieo a S-oaco eeaoi/iiai oeeeea. A
ia/aea naiaai aeaenoaey oaiaoaao O-noi?anni?u – iie aieaa /onoaeoaeueiu,
/ai O-oaeia?u. Oaiaoaao ia oieueei i?ieeoa?aoeeth, ii e nic?aaaiea,
aeanoiaaiac eeaoie – i?aaeoanoaaiieeia O-eeoioeeoia a e?aniii einoiii
iicaa. Ia?ooaao i?ioeannu ?aniiciaaaiey aioeaaia (oi?iiceo ?acaeoea
eeaoi/iuo ?aoeaioi?ia). I?eiaiyaony i?e i?ioeeaeoeea iooi?aeaiey
o?ainieaioaoa, i?e ea/aiee aooieiioiiuo caaieaaaiee.
Iiai/ii:
?acaeoea aoi?e/iie eioaeoeee, aeeniaioe/aneea ia?ooaiey, oaiaoaiea
e?iaaoai?aiey, ieaeioeeoa?iiai ?yaea, aiaiey, o?iiaioeeoiiaiey,
oiene/aneee aaiaoeo.
Iaoio?aenao
Neioaoe/aneee aioaaiieno oieeaaie eeneiou. Iaia?aoeiia eiieo?aioiia
oaiaoaiea aeaaeae?ioieao?aaeoeoacu, i?eaiaeyuaa e oaiaoaieth neioaca
AeIE, aeiiieieoaeueii i?ienoiaeeo oaiaoaiea oeieaeeineioaoacu,
aoii?aeueiiai e eeaoi/iiai eiioieoaoa. Oa?aeoa?ia aieueoay aeoeaiinoue
i?ioea oeion-caaeneiuo aioeaaiia. I?eiaiyaony aeey i?ioeeaeoeee
iooi?aeaiey o?ainieaioaoa, i?e ?aaiaoe/aneii e ini?eaoe/aneii a?o?eoa,
aooieiioiiuo caaieaaaieyo niaaeeieoaeueiie oeaie (aea?iaoiieiceou).
Iiai/ii: oaiaoaiea e?iaaoai?aiey, aeeniaioe/aneea ia?ooaiey, auiaaeaiea
aiein, aaiaoi- e iao?ioiene/iinoue, eiaeiua aeea?aee.
Oeeeeioinoai
Iaeaaeaao aeai?anneaiie aeoeaiinoueth e a ioiioaiee iieiyueony eeaoie
eiioiiie nenoaiu. I?e iaiueoeo aeicao (2-5 ia/nooee) oaiaoaao
A-eeioioeeou, oaiaoaao noeioeyoeeth i?ieeoa?aoeee, i?e aieueoeo aeicao
(7-12 ia/nooee) – oaiaoaao O-eeioioeeou.
I?aia?ao iouaieyao eii Cl- – ia?ooaao ?aaioo AeIE-caaeneiie
AeIE-iieeia?acu, /oi i?eaiaeeo e inoaiiaea aeaeaiey eeaoee. I?eiaiyaony
i?e o?ainieaioaoeeee e i?e ea/aiee aooieiioiiuo caaieaaaiee. Iiai/ii:
Iaioeeoiiaiey, /anoe/iia eee iieiia auiaaeaiea aiein, aeeniaioe/aneea
ia?ooaiey, oaiaoaiea ?aaaia?aoeaiuo i?ioeannia.
Io?iiaa CD3
Eiaeae?oao acaeiiaeaenoaea aeeeii?ioaeiia ia iiaa?oiinoe O-eeioioeeoia.
I?eiaiyaony a i?ioeeaeoeea iooi?oaiey ii/ee.
Iiai/iuo yooaeoia iaei, ia oiia o?iie/aneie na?aea/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe
iiaeao ?acaeoueny ioae eaaeiai.
Aetheiei?oeeieaeu
Iaeaaeatho i?ioeaiainiaieoaeueiui e eiioiiaeai?anneaiui aeaenoaeai –
i?eiaiythony aeey eoie?iaaiey ainiaeeoaeueiuo ?aaeoeee. Ecae?aoaeueii
oi?iicyo eeioioeeou: oaiaoatho neioac EE-2, i?ieeoa?aoeeth eeioioeeoia,
oiaiueoatho oeeoioiene/iinoue O-eeeea?ia. Aeaenoaea i?eaiaeeo e
eeioiiaiee (oiaiueoaieth ?acia?ia eeioieaeiuo i?aaiia).
Eiioiinoeioee?othuea n?aaenoaa
I?eiaiythony a eiiieaeniie oa?aiee eiioii-aeaoeoeeoiuo ninoiyiee.
Niinianoaotho oaaee/aieth au?aaioee aioeoae, aeoeae?otho iae?ioaae,
eciaiytho oa?aeoa? eiioiiuo ?aaeoeee, oneeeaatho iauoth
nii?ioeaeyaiinoue i?aaiecia.
E?iia niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo i?aia?aoia oaeaea oaaee/eaatho aaeaioeaiua
naienoaa i?aia?aou ai?iiiia, aeoaieiia, AEaiue-Oaiue.
I?aia?aou oeiona
O-aeoeaei, Oeiaeei, Oeiiaai, Oeiiioei.
Aeoeae?otho ?aia?aoeaiua i?ioeannu, oaaee/eaatho nei?inoue nic?aaaiey e
aeeooa?aioee?iaee, oaaee/eaatho ooieoeeiiaeueioth aeoeaiinoue e auoiae a
e?iaue O-eeioioeeoia ii?iaeecotho niioiioaiea A- e O- eeioioeeoia, eo
noaiiioeyoeee. E?iia yoiai aeoeae?otho neioac eioa?oa?iiia, oaaee/eaatho
eiee/anoai iaeo?ioeeia e aeoeae?otho aeoeaiinoue oaaioeeoica.
I?eiaiythony i?e ea/aiee eiioiiaeaoeoeeoiuo ninoiyiee, ia?ooaiee
?aaaia?aoeee – (o?ioe/aneea ycau, ycau AEEO). I?aeoe/anee iao iiai/iuo
yooaeoia.
I?aia?aou neioaoe/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
Aeeaoeaoeenieaiiiaioei (Aa?eiiaioei), Eaaiiecie (Aeaea?en),
Iaoeeo?aoeee, I?ioao eaeey, Iaioienee.
Aa?eiiaioei
Aeoeae?oao i?ieeoa?aoeeth e aeeooa?aioee?iaeo noaieiauo eeaoie e?iae aac
noeioeyoeee iaoieiae/aneeo eiioiiuo ?aaeoeee – i?eiaiyaony i?e
eiioiiaeaoeoeeoao.
Iaeioiene/ai – iiaeao auoue aieue a ianoa eiuaeoeee, ia?aua 4 iaaeaee
aiciiaeii a?aiaiiia oiaiueoaiea niaea?aeaiey eaeueoeey a ieacia.
Eaaiiacie
Aeoeae?oao O-eeaoi/iue eiioieoao, ainnoaiaaeeaaao yooaeoeaiinoue
ooieoeee ia?eoa?e/aneeo eeioioeeoia e oaaioeeoia, aeoeae?oao eo
nic?aaaiea.
I?eiaiyaony i?e ia?ae/iuo e aoi?e/iuo eiioiiaeaoeoeeoao, a eiiieaeniie
oa?aiee iiooieae.
Iiai/iua yooaeou i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee:
Ii?aaeaiey AEEO: oioiioa, aii?aeney, ycaaiiua eieeou, aeea?ay.
Ii?aaeaiey OeIN: aieiaiay aieue, iiauoaiiay ooiieyaiinoue, ia?ooaiey
nia. Aeea?aey: : eiaeiua i?iyaeaiey, aaneoeeou. I?ioaeio?ey.
Eaeeiiaen
Neioace?oaony niaoeeaeueiui ooaiiii E.coli ni ano?iaiiie ieacieaeie.
ssaeyaony a?aioeioeeoa?iui e iae?ioaaaeueiui eieiieanoeioeoe?othuei
oaeoi?ii. Aeoeae?oao c?aeua eeaoee ieaeioeeoa?iiai ?yaea, noeioee?oao eo
aeeooa?aioee?iaeo e i?ieeoa?aoeeth. Oe?iei i?eiaiyaony i?e iaeo?iiaiee,
ieaeinoi?annee (i?ioeaiiiooieaaua n?aaenoaa, aieanoe/aneie aiaiee,
aeeeoaeueiuo eioaeoeeyo a o./. AE*).
Iiai/ii: aeeniaioe/aneea ia?ooaiey + aiee, ieaeaee, ia?acu, noaei?iae,
aieiaiua aiee, ?aaeei – niooaiiinoue niciaiey, ia?ooaiey iicaiaiai
e?iaiia?auaiey, ia?ooaiey ?eoia na?aeoea, na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
Iiaoo auoue eiaeii-aeea?ae/aneea ?aaeoeee.
Iaoeeo?aoeee, I?ioao eaeey, Iaioienee (i?iecaiaeiua ie?eieaeeia)
Aeoeae?otho neioac AeIE ( aeoeae?oaony neioac aaeea, oaaee/eaaaony
nei?inoue ?inoa e i?ieeoa?aoeee eeaoie. Aeoeae?otho eaeeiiiyc,
y?eo?iiiyc, ?aaaia?aoeeth, ia?aciaaiea aioeoae, iiaeioeoaeueioth
niiniaiinoue iae?ioaaia, ianiaoeeoe/aneee eiioieoao (eecioeei,
eiiieaiaio). Iaeneiaeueii aeoeaiu i?e oaiaoaiee eiioieoaoa aioeaeioeeaie
e aetheiei?oeeieaeaie (iaoaaiee/aneea eiioiiaeaoeoeeou).
I?eiaiyaony aeey noeioeyoeee ianiaoeeoe/aneiai eiioieoaoa o ineaaeaiiuo
aieueiuo i?e aoi?e/iuo eiioiiaeaoeoeeoao (eaeeiiaiey eee au?aaeaiiia
nieaeaiea oaaioeeoa?iie aeoeaiinoe). I?eiaiythony aeey onei?aiey
?aaaia?aoeee i?e o?ioe/aneeo ycaao, ?aiao, iaeiaao. Iaeioiene/iu.
Iaioienee iiaeao aucuaaoue aeeniaioe/aneea ia?ooaiey
(ianoii?acae?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea), aeea?ae/aneea i?iyaeaiey.
Eiioiiei??aeoi?u aaeoa?eaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
A?iioiioiae, Eioaeii, Ianiao, ?eaiioiee, Ie?iaaiae.
A?iioiioiae
Aeoeae?oao aoii?aeueiue e eeaoi/iue eiioieoao, aeoeae?oao ia?eoa?e/aneea
iae?ioaae, O-eeioioeeou, i?iaeoeoeeth aioeoae A-eeioioeeoaie. Aioeoaea
i?aeiouanoaaiii iai?aaeythony a aa?oiea aeuoaoaeueiua iooe.
I?eiaiyaony eae aniiiiaaoaeueiia n?aaenoai i?e eioaeoeeyo aa?oieo
aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae. Iaeioiene/ai, ii iiaoo auoue aeeniaioe/aneea
ia?ooaiey, aeea?aee.
Eioaeii
Iaeaaeaao eiioiinoeioee?othuei aeaenoaeai i?e ianoiii i?eiaiaiee.
I?eiaiyaony i?e eiioiiaeaoeoeeoa aucaaiiii aioeaeioeeaie, aeey
ii?iaeecaoeee ninoaaa iee?ioei?u, i?eiaiyaony aeey i?ioeeaeoeee e
ea/aiey caaieaaaiee iieinoe ?oa. Iiai/iuo yooaeoia iao.
Ianiao
Aooieecao cieioenoiai e aaeiai noaoeeieieea, caeaiyuaai e
aaiieeoe/aneiai no?aioieieea ( i?ienoiaeeo aeoeaaoeey ianiaoeeoe/aneiai
eiioieoaoa. I?eiaiyaony a eiiieaeniie oa?aiee a?iioeaeueiie anoiu,
aeea?ae/aneeo ?eieoia, ioeoia, eiiuthieoeaeoia, aea?iaoeoia.
?eaiioiee
?eainiiu ieiaaiiiai no?aioieieea. I?eiaiyaony i?e ?aoeeaeeae?othueo
o?iie/aneeo eioaeoeeyo – ?eiioa?eiaeou, aiaeiu, ainiaeaiey aa?oieo
aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae.
Iiai/ii: noaoaa?eeeoao, ainiaeeoaeueiua ?aaeoeee a ianoa aaaaeaiey.
Ie?iaaiae
Aooieecao Ps. aerugenosa. Oaaee/eaaao oaaioeeoa?ioth aeoeaiinoue
iae?ioaaia, ia?aciaaiea aioeoae, aeoeae?oao ianiaoeeoe/aneea
aoii?aeueiua oaeoi?u caueou, yaeyaony eiaeoeoi?ii eioa?oa?iiia
(iaoneaaeeaaao neioac). Aeey yooaeoeaiiai e aaciianiiai ea/aiey
iaiaoiaeeii iiaeia?aoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth ie?iaaiioth aeico
(oaiia?aoo?a oaea ia aeieaeia i?aauoaoue 38(N). I?eiaiyaony i?e
o?iie/aneeo ainiaeaieyo: ooaa?eoeac, i?inoaoeo. Iiai/iua yaeaiey ?aaeee.
Iiaeao auoue aieiaiay aieue, aieue a nonoaaao.
Eioa?oa?iiu: Eioeei (IFN (), Yoeoa?ii (IFN () – i?e iaaeinoaoea
aoii?aeueiuo oaeoi?ia.
Io?aaeaiea eaea?noaaiiuie n?aaenoaaie e ea/aiea.
I?e i?aauoaiee aeicu ethaua aauanoaa aeaenoaotho oiene/anee.
A aeaiiue iiiaio i?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiea /enea io?aaeaiee eaea?noaaie (e
aaniethoiia e ioiineoaeueiia). Aieueoay /anoue eaea?noa ioiineony e
aeeythuei ia OeIN.
I?e/eiu:
1 Aieueoia eiee/anoai i?eiaiaiee a eeeieea (oe?o?aey, aano?iyioa?ieiaey
e o.ae.)
2 Oe?ieia eniieueciaaiea ai aiaaieueie/iie nenoaia (niioai?iua,
iaacaieeaathuea, aea?iiiieaeathuea, o?aieaeeecaoi?u).
Iianiinoue i?aaenoaaeytho:
1 Aoi?ini?oiua i?aia?aou n enoaeoei n?ieii aiaeiinoe
2 Yooaeoeaiua i?aia?aou (i?e ia?aaeice?iaea, ioeaea a i?eiaiaiee,
oiio?aaeaiee aeaoueie)
Io?aaeaiey aeaeyony ia:
1 Neo/aeiua 2 I?aaeiaia?aiiua
a) Auoiaua a) sso?iaaiiua a) Noeoeeaeaeueiua a) E?eieiaeueiua (n
oeaeueth oaeenoaa eee ?acaeoey aaniiiiuiiai ninoiyiey)
Aa?aeoo?aou 9%
Eeioaeeei 27.3%
Ia?eioe/aneea i?aia?aou 14.8%
Nianue eaea?noa 18.5%
Ca iineaaeiea aiaeu ec-ca ieioie i/enoee ia?eioe/aneeo aauanoa,
ecaioiaeyaiuo a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo a ea?oeio io?aaeaiey aeeth/aaony
?anoai?eoaeue e o. ae.
Eaoaeueiinoue i?e io?aaeaieyo eaea?noaaiiuie n?aaenoaaie = 1 – 4% I?e
oyaeaeie oi?ia io?aaeaiey aei 15%.
Noaaeee io?aaeaiey
1 Oieneeiaaiiay – oa?aeoa?ecoaony niaoeeoe/aneei aeaenoaeai
eaea?noaaiiiai aauanoaa a aeaea ia?ooaiey ooieoeee iaia?ai, oa?iaioia e
o.ae. Au?aaeaiiinoue aeaiiie noaaeee iaoiaeeony a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io
niaea?aeaiey aauanoaa a ieacia e?iae.
2 Niiaoiaaiiay – ?acaeoea oeiiauo iaoieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia e
oi?ie?iaaiea ianiaoeeoe/aneeo ?aaeoeee, yae oaea auaaaeai eee ?ac?ooai (
au?aaeaiiinoue ia caaeneo io niaea?aeaiey aauanoaa a ieacia.
Iauay ?aaeoeey = niaoeeoe/aneay + ianiaoeeoe/aneay.
Aeaenoaea ia OeIN
Oiene/aneay eiia, noaei?iae, oiene/aneea ineoicu.
Oiene/aneay eiia
A aunieeo aeicao aauanoaa aucuaatho oaiaoaiea ooieoeee OeIN – ia?eic
(ia?eioe/aneea aauanoaa, aa?aeoo?aou, iae?ieaioeee, o?aieaeeecaoi?u,
aeeiaieue).
Oacu eiiu:
Canuiaiea: ai a?aiy yoie oacu i?iyaeythony iniiaiua ?acee/ey iaaeaeo
?acee/iuie i?aia?aoaie (aa?aeoo?aou – ii?iaeueiia canuiaiea,
Aaiciaeeacaieiiaua i?aia?aou – ia?ooaiea iaiyoe, aicaoaeaeaiea,
aa?anneaiinoue, I?iecaiaeiua oaiioeaceia – i?iyaeaiey iaiiieiathuea
ia?eeiniieci).
Iiaa?oiinoiay eiia: Iioa?y niciaiey, oaiaoaiea ?aoeaenia, ia?ooaiea
aeioaoaeueiiai e eaoeaaiai ?aoeaenia, aieaaay /oanoaeoaeueiinoue
nio?aiaia.
Aeoaieay eiia: a?aoeaeney, aiaeueaacey, iiaeao auoue ia?ooaiea aeioaiey
e e?iaiia?auaiey.
I?iaoaeaeaiea: I?ioeannu ia?aoiua noaaeee canuiaiey.
Anoaie/aneea ninoiyiey aei ianeieueeeo ianyoeaa.
Aucaei?iaeaiea.
Noaei?iae
Iiaoo auoue neaaenoaeai niaoeeoe/aneiai aeaenoaey i?aia?aoa, ii /aua –
i?iyaeaiea ianiaoeeoe/aneie ?aaeoeee (?acoeueoao aeiienee iicaa).
Oiene/aneea ineoicu
Aeaee?ee e aeaee?ei- iiaioeaiua ninoiyiey, oa?aeoa?ecoaiua c?eoaeueiuie
aaeethoeeiaoeeyie e ia?ooaieyie i?eaioaoeee ai a?aiaie, i?ino?ainoaa e
ee/iinoe.
Oiene/aneia ii?aaeaiea na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoie nenoaiu
Yecioiene/aneee oie – ia i/aiue /anoia yaeaiea. Oa?aeoa?ecoaony eae
ino?ia, noieeia ia?ooaiea ia?oocee oeaiae e?iaueth. Nii?iaiaeaeaaony
neiae?iiii iaeiai aua?ina, nieaeaieai a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey e
oiaiueoaieai aaiiciiai aica?aoa.
Ia?ooaiey ?eoia e i?iaiaeeiinoe: I?e ia?aaeice?iaea ao?iieia iiaeao
?acaeoueny neioniaay eee ia?ieneciaeueiay oaoeea?aeey. Iniaaiii aeeyiea
ia OeIN oa?aeoa?ii aeey o?eoeeeee/aneeo aioeaeai?annaioia
(Aieo?eioeeei). Iie ecae?aoaeueii iaeaieeaathony a ieiea?aea (
ecae?aoaeueiay ea?aeeioiene/iinoue: aeieaaea iao?eaauo eaiaeia,
ia?ooaiey ?eoia aei ia?oeaoaeueiie a?eoiee. Ia?ooaiey i?iaiaeeiinoe
i?eaiaeeo e aeieaaeai, oa?aeoa?ai io?eoeaoaeueiue eiio?iiiue yooaeo.
Aeiienee
1 Aeiiene/aneay: i?e iaa?iaaiiie oi?ia, i?e oeaio?aeueiii aeaenoaee.
2 Anie?aoeeiiii-iaoo?aoeeiiiay: anie?aoeey neece eee ?aioiuo iann,
caiaaeaiea ycuea.
3 Ia?aioeiaoiciay oi?ia – i?e iiaaiiiee
4 Aenoioiene/aneay oi?ia (oeaiaaay).
Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu ea/aiey io?aaeaiee eaea?noaaiiuie i?aia?aoaie
A?oiiu ia?ii?eyoee:
1 Noaaeeecaoeey ninoiyiey aieueiiai
Niyoue noaei?iae, i/enoeoue aa?oiea aeuoaoaeueiua iooe io eii?iaeiuo
oae.
2 I?ae?auaiea aeaeueiaeoaai iinooieaiey yaea a i?aaieci
I?e ia?i?aeueiii iinooieaiee – ciiaeiaia i?iiuaaiea aeaeoaeea aia
caaeneiinoe io aeaaiinoe i?eiyoey yaea. Caoai – iiaoi?iia i?iiuaaiea –
yae iia iinooieoue ec eeoa/ieea iinea ia?aoiie ia?enoaeueoeee.
Eniieueciaaiea ?aiou yooaeoeaii oieueei /a?ac iaaieueoia a?aiy iinea
io?aaeaiey. Eniieuecoaony ne?ii Eiaeaeoaiu. I/enoea oiieiai eeoa/ieea
inouanoaeyaony oiaea n iiiiuueth ciiaea.
3 Onei?aiea auaaaeaiey ec i?aaiecia oaea aninaaoaainy yaea
1 Oi?ne?iaaiiue aeeo?ac
yoai 1 – i?aaeaa?eoaeueiay aiaeiay iaa?ocea, yoai 2 – aaaaeaiea
aeeo?aoeea, yoai 3 – caianoeoaeueiay eioocey ?anoai?aie yeaeo?ieeoia.
I?e io?aaeaiee aa?aeoo?aoaie i?eiaiyaony oi?ne?iaaiiue aeeo?ac n
iuaea/eaaieai ieaciu oae eae aa?aeoo?aou – neaaua eeneiou. A ?acoeueoaoa
oaaee/aiey niaea?aeaiey eiiece?iaaiiie oi?iu iie eaa/a oeeueo?othony e
ia aeeoooiaee?otho ec eaiaeueoeaa. Iuaea/eaaiea ia yooaeoeaii i?e
io?aaeaiee aaiciaeeacaieiiauie eee oaiioeaceiiauie i?aia?aoaie.
2 Aeeaeec. Nouanoaoao ianeieueei aai aeaeia. I?e iiiaaeaiee e?iae a
aeeaeecaoi? oiene/aneea aauanoaa iinooiatho a aeeaeece?othuoth
aeeaeeinoue. A oieneeieiaee i?eiaiytho ?aiiee aaiiaeeaeec. E aai
i?eiaiaieth nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua o?aaiaaiey:
1 I?enoonoaea i?aia?aoa a ieacia aia eiiieaena n aaeeaie.
2 I?aia?ao ia aeieaeai iaoaaieece?iaaoueny.
E aeaiiui o?aaiaaieyi eaeaaeueii iiaeoiaeyo aa?aeoo?aou, e?iia yoiai
?aiiee aaiiaeeaeec i?eiaiyaony i?e ea/aiee io?aaeaiee iaoeeiaui e
yoeeiaui nie?oaie, yoeeaiaeeeieai e o.ae. ?aiiee aaiiaeeaeec
iaeiyooaeoeaai i?e io?aaeaieyo aaiciaeeacaieiiauie i?aia?aoaie,
o?eoeeeee/aneeie aioeaeai?annaioaie.
I?ioeaiiieacaiea e aaiiaeeaeeco – noieeia nieaeaiea a?oa?eaeueiiai
aeaaeaiey.
Ia?eoiiaaeueiue aeeaeec. Oaoie/anee aieaa i?ino, yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui
iaoiaeii, i?eiaiyaiui i?e yecioiene/aneii oiea.
Aaiini?aoeey – aaeni?aoeey ia ni?aaioao (anoanoaaiiue – aeoeae?iaaiiue
oaieue, ?acee/iua eneonnoaaiiua). Aiia?ao iiaeeeth/aaony /a?ac
a?oa?eiaaiiciue ooio ia i?aaeiea/uea. I?aeiouanoai – aiciiaeiinoue
i?eiaiaiey ia aeiainieoaeueiii yoaia (oieneeieiae/aneea a?eaaaeu
?aniieaaatho aiia?aoaie aeey aaiini?aoeee)
I?eiaiythony oaeaea ieaciioa?ac e oeueo?aoeeueo?aoeey.
4 Aioeaeioiay eee oa?iaeioa?aiey.
Ii iaoaiecio i?aia?aou aeaeyony ia oece/aneea (iaaca?aaeeaatho yae n
iiiiuueth oece/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey) e oeie/aneea (iaaca?aaeeaatho yae
iooai oeie/aneie iaeo?aeecaoeee). N?aaee oece/aneeo aioeaeioia oe?ieia
?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/eee yioa?ini?aaiou (aaeni?ae?otho yae a eeoa/ieea –
Aaoiai, Iieeoaiai, Eeaiini?a).
Aeaiiua i?aia?aou ni?ae?otho yae a eeoa/ieea ( oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai
yaea a i?aaiecia ( oaaee/eaaaony ioiineoaeueiia niaea?aeaiea a ieacia (
yae iinooiaao a eeoa/iee. Yioa?ini?aaiou: aaeni?ae?otho aiaeo – yoi
iiaeao i?eaanoe e aeaaeae?aoaoeee, ia?ooatho iioi?eeo eeoee, i?e
anie?aoeee – iiaeao aicieeiooue oaieueiay iiaaiiiey.
Ni?aaiou i?eiaiytho aianoa n nieaauie neaaeoaeueiuie, aeey i?ioeeaeoeee
?aiou (anie?aoeee) – i?ioeai?aioiua n?aaenoaa. Iinooiatho a i?aaieci
ia?aioa?aeueii.
Nouanoaotho oae aea e aeioeie/aneea aioeaeiou.
Oacu aeaoieneeaoeee:
1 Ieeneaiea n iiiiuueth iee?iniiaeueiuo ?aaeoeee (iiiiieneaaiacu
noaiiayony aieaa iiey?iuie). I?e yoii iiai/ii iiyaeythony naiaiaeiua
?aaeeeaeu e i?eieiatho o/anoea a ia?aeeniii ieeneaiee eeieaeia.
2 ?aaeoeee eiiuthaaoeee
3 Nenoaia aioeoiene/aneie caueou.
Iai?eia? Ia?aoeaoaiie iiaeao ieacuaaoue aaiaoioiene/aneia aeaenoaea. A
ii?iaeueiuo oneiaeyo ia?acoaony noeueoao e eiiuthae?oao n aeooaoeiiii.
E aioeieneaeaioai ioiinyony: aeoaieiu A, A, aiaei?anoai?eiue naeai.
Nianoaaiii aioeaeiou (oa?iaeieiae/aneea aioeaeiou eee i?ioeaiyaeey)
Auaatho eiieo?aioiua e iaeiieo?aioiua.
Iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu: 1 Oieueei anee yae aua a i?aaiecia 2 Oieueei i?e
oi/iie aeeaaiinoeea io?aaeaiey. Iiaoo auoue nianoaaiiua iiai/iua yooaeou
OIENE*ANEIA AAUANOAI ?AOeAIOI? AIOEAeIO
Ao?iiei I-oieeii?aoeaioi? Aieiinoeaiei, Oecinoeaiei, Aaeaioiiei
(eiaeaeoi?u aoeaoeeoieeianoa?acu)
Ia?eioe/aneea aiaeueaaoeee Ith-, aeaeueoa- iieaoiua ?aoeaioi?u Iaeienii
Aaiciaeeacaieiu Aaiciaeeacaieiiaua ?aoeaioi?u Oeoiacaiee
5 Neiioiiaoe/aneay oa?aiey
N?aaenoaa eae i?e ae?oaeo oi?iao iaoieiaee
Ea/aiea iineaaenoaee (anoaiee) Iiio?iiu.
PAGE 97
PAGE 97
Oa?iaeieiaey
Oa?iaeieiaey PAGE 97
Aiaeioaiceiiaai
?aiei
Aaoa-aeieaoi?u
Aiaeioaicei -1
Eiiaa?oe?othuee oa?iaio
Eiaeaeoi?u
Aiaeioaicei-2
Aiaeioaiceiiaua ?aoeaioi?u ninoaeia
Aeieaoi?u ?aoeaioi?ia
Aioaaiienou aeueaeinoa?iia
Nae?aoeey aeueaeinoa?iia
ia?ae/iue oa?iaeieiae/aneee yooaeo
oaaee/aiea eiioeaio?aoeee eaeey
oiaiueoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee iao?ey e eaeueoeey
oiaiueoaiea
eiioeaio?aoeee eaeey
yeaeo?ioeceieiae/aneay ?aaeoeey
Oaaee/aiea aeeanoiee/aneie ?aiiey?ecaoeee
Caiaaeeaiea oacu 0 iioaioeeaea aeaenoaey e nei?inoe i?iaaaeaiey
Caiaaeeaiea aeeanoiee/aneie aeaiiey?ecaoeee
oa?iaeioa?aiaaoe/aneee yooaeo
Neaaeiaay aeaiiey?ecaoeey
Re entry
Aiiiaeueiue aaoiiaoeci
Caiaaeeaiea oiea eaeey
Aeie iao?eaauo eaiaeia
Oiaiueoaiea e?ooeciu aeeanoiee/aneie aeaiiey?ecaoeee
Oaeeeiaiea iioaioeeaea aeaenoaey e yooaeoeaiiai ?ao?aeoa?iiai ia?eiaea
Iiaeaaeaiea iaoaiecia re entry
Oiaiueoaiea aaoiiaoecia
Oiaiueoaiea nei?inoe i?iaaaeaiey eiioeuena
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