IINEIANEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OIEAA?NEOAO
YEIIIIEEE, NOAOENOEEE E EIOI?IAOEEE
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ii i?aaeiaoo «Iaiaaeaeiaio»
ii oaia: «ssiiineay iiaeaeue iaiaaeaeiaioa»
Auiieiee: Eiiae?aoeei N.A
oeo? ? 94057
Niaea?aeaiea: TOC \o “1-3”
Aaaaeaiea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749710 PAGEREF _Toc410749710 2
I. I?eioeeiu yiiineiai oi?aaeaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749711 PAGEREF
_Toc410749711 4
II. Iiaaaeaiea a i?aaiecaoeee GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749712 PAGEREF
_Toc410749712 7
III. Nenoaia eiio?iey GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749713 PAGEREF
_Toc410749713 10
IV. Oi?aaeaiea o?oaeiauie ?ano?naie GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749714
PAGEREF _Toc410749714 12
V. Nenoaia oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749715 PAGEREF
_Toc410749715 14
VI. I?ionithcu a ssiiiee GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749716 PAGEREF
_Toc410749716 17
VII. ?ieue yiiineie oeeinioee, enneonoaa GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749717
PAGEREF _Toc410749717 19
Caeeth/aiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749718 PAGEREF _Toc410749718 21
Eniieueciaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a GOTOBUTTON _Toc410749719 PAGEREF
_Toc410749719 23
Aaaaeaiea.
Iaiaaeaeiaio a ssiiiee, eae e a ethaie ae?oaie no?aia, io?aaeaao a?
enoi?e/aneea iniaaiiinoe, eoeueoo?o e iauanoaaiioth ineoieiaeth. Ii
iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycai n iauanoaaiii-yeiiiie/aneei oeeaaeii no?aiu.
ssiiineea iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey a ei?ia ioee/iu io aa?iiaeneeo e
aia?eeaineeo. Yoi ia cia/eo, /oi yiiioeu oi?aaeytho aieaa yooaeoeaii.
Nei?aa iiaeii neacaoue, /oi iniiaiua i?eioeeiu yiiineiai e aa?iiaeneiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa eaaeao a ?aciuo ieineinoyo, eiay i/aiue iaiiiai oi/ae
ia?ana/aiey.
ssiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio, iniiaaiiue ia eieeaeoeaecia, eniieueciaae ana
ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneea ?u/aae aicaeaenoaey ia ee/iinoue. I?aaeaea
anaai, yoi /oanoai aeieaa ia?aae eieeaeoeaii, /oi a yiiineii iaioaeeoaoa
ii/oe oiaeaeanoaaiii /oanoao nouaea. O/eouaay oi, /oi iaeiaiaay nenoaia
?aaioaao ia on?aaeiaiea aeioiaeia e iaoa?eaeueiiai ninoiyiey ianaeaiey
naiei iiae/a?eiooi i?ia?anneaii-oeneaeueiui iaoaieciii, a iauanoaa
ieieiaeueii ?anneiaiea ii aeaaininoiyieth, e yoi aea?o aiciiaeiinoue
eniieueciaaoue /oanoai eieeaeoeaecia iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaii.
*ai ioee/aaony yiiineee iaoiae oi?aaeaiey io iaoiaeia, eniieuecoaiuo a
aieueoeinoaa no?ai Aa?iiu e Aia?eee? I?aaeaea anaai naiae
iai?aaeaiiinoueth: iniiaiui i?aaeiaoii oi?aaeaiey a ssiiiee yaeythony
o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu. Oeaeue, eioi?oth noaaeo ia?aae niaie yiiineee
oi?aaeythuee – iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey a iniiaiii
ca n/ao iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ?aaioieeia. Iaaeaeo oai a
aa?iiaeneii e aia?eeaineii iaiaaeaeiaioa iniiaiie oeaeueth yaeyaony
iaeneiaeecaoeey i?eauee, oi anoue iieo/aiea iaeaieueoae auaiaeu n
iaeiaiueoeie oneeeyie.
Ii iiaieth yiiineiai niaoeeaeenoa ii iaiaaeaeiaioo Oeaeaee Eineoa?a,
anoue oanoue oa?aeoa?iuo i?eciaeia yiiineiai oi?aaeaiey.
Aa?aioey caiyoinoe e nicaeaiea ianoaiiaee aeiaa?eoaeueiinoe. Oaeea
aa?aioee aaaeoo e noaaeeueiinoe o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia e oiaiueoatho
oaeo/anoue eaae?ia. Noaaeeueiinoue neoaeeo noeioeii aeey ?aai/eo e
neoaeaueo, iia oe?aieyao /oanoai ei?ii?aoeaiie iauiinoe, aa?iiiece?oao
ioiioaiey ?yaeiauo nio?oaeieeia n ?oeiaiaenoaii. Inaiaiaeeaoenue io
aeaayuae oa?icu oaieueiaiey e eiay ?aaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue aeey
i?iaeaeaeaiey ii aa?oeeaee, ?aai/ea iieo/atho iioeaaoeeth aeey
oe?aieaiey /oanoaa iauiinoe n eiiiaieae. Noaaeeueiinoue oae aea
niinianoaoao oeo/oaieth acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo ?aaioieeaie
oi?aaeai/aneiai o?iaiy e ?yaeiauie ?aai/eie, /oi, ii iiaieth yiiioeaa,
niaa?oaiii iaiaoiaeeii aeey oeo/oaiey aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee.
Noaaeeueiinoue aeaao aiciiaeiinoue eiee/anoaaiiiai oaaee/aiey
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?ano?nia, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e niciaoaeueiiai iai?aaeaiey
aaeoi?a eo aeoeaiinoe ia oeaee aieaa cia/eiua, /ai iiaeaea?aeaiea
aeenoeeieeiu. Aa?aioee caiyoinoe a ssiiiee iaania/eaaao nenoaia
iiaeeciaiiiai iaeia – yaeaiea oieeaeueiia e ai iiiaii iaiiiyoiia aeey
aa?iiaeneiai ia?aca iunee.
Aeaniinoue e oeaiiinoe ei?ii?aoeee. Eiaaea ana o?iaie oi?aaeaiey e
?aai/ea ia/eiatho iieueciaaoueny iauae aacie eioi?iaoeee i iieeoeea e
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu, ?acaeaaaony aoiinoa?a o/anoey e iauae
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, /oi oeo/oaao acaeiiaeaenoaea e iiauoaao
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue. A yoii ioiioaiee ano?a/e e niaauaiey, a eioi?uo
i?eieiatho o/anoea eiaeaia?u e ?aaioieee aaeieieno?aoeee, aeatho
nouanoaaiiua ?acoeueoaou. ssiiineay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey noa?aaony oaeaea
nicaeaoue iauoth aeey anao ?aaioieeia oe?iu aaco iiieiaiey
ei?ii?aoeaiuo oeaiiinoae, oaeeo, eae i?ei?eoao ea/anoaaiiiai
ianeoaeeaaiey, oneoa aeey iio?aaeoaey, nio?oaeie/anoai ?aai/eo n
aaeieieno?aoeeae, nio?oaeie/anoai e acaeiiaeaenoaea ioaeaeia. Oi?aaeaiea
no?aieony iinoiyiii i?eaeaaoue e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ei?ii?aoeaiua
oeaiiinoe ia anao o?iaiyo.
Oi?aaeaiea, iniiaaiiia ia eioi?iaoeee. Nai?o aeaiiuo e eo
nenoaiaoe/aneiio eniieueciaaieth aeey iiauoaiey yeiiiie/aneie
yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e ea/anoaaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee i?iaeoeoeee
i?eaeaaony iniaia cia/aiea. Ai iiiaeo oe?iao, niae?athueo oaeaaeci?u,
i?eiaiytho nenoaio nai?a eioi?iaoeee, i?e eioi?ie iiaeii auyaeoue,
eiaaea oaeaaeci? iinooiee a i?iaeaaeo, eoi ioaa/ae ca eni?aaiinoue oiai
eee eiiai ocea. Oaeei ia?acii auyaeythony ia oieueei aeiiaiua ca
iaeni?aaiinoue, ii, aeaaiui ia?acii, i?e/eiu iaeni?aaiinoe, e
i?eieiathony ia?u aeey iaaeiiouaiey iiaeiaiiai a aoaeouai. ?oeiaiaeeoaee
aaeaiany/ii i?iaa?ytho noaouee aeioiaeia, iauai i?iecaiaenoaa, ea/anoai
e aaeiaoth au?o/eo, /oiau iiniio?aoue, aeinoeaatho ee oeeo?u caaeaiiuo
iieacaoaeae e /oiau oaeaeaoue a?yaeouea o?oaeiinoe ia ?aiieo yoaiao eo
aicieeiiaaiey.
Oi?aaeaiea, i?eaioe?iaaiiia ia ea/anoai. I?aceaeaiou oe?i e oi?aaeythuea
eiiiaiee ia yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoeyo /aua anaai aiai?yo i iaiaoiaeeiinoe
eiio?iey ea/anoaa. I?e oi?aaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiui i?ioeannii eo
aeaaiay caaioa – iieo/aiea oi/iuo aeaiiuo i ea/anoaa. Ee/iay ai?aeinoue
?oeiaiaeeoaey caeeth/aaony a cae?aieaiee oneeee ii eiio?ieth ca
ea/anoaii e, a eoiaa, a ?aaioa ii?o/aiiiai aio o/anoea i?iecaiaenoaa n
iaeaunoei ea/anoaii.
Iinoiyiiia i?enoonoaea ?oeiaiaenoaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa. *oiau auno?i
ni?aaeony n cao?oaeiaieyie e aeey niaeaenoaey ?aoaieth i?iaeai ii ia?a
eo aicieeiiaaiey yiiioeu ca/anooth ?aciauatho oi?aaeythuee ia?niiae
i?yii a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiiauaieyo. Ii ia?a ?ac?aoaiey eaaeaeie
i?iaeaiu aiinyony iaaieueoea iiaiaaaaeaiey, /oi i?eaiaeeo e iaeiieaieth
aeiiieieoaeueiuo iiaoanoa. A ssiiiee aeey niaeaenoaey aeiiieieoaeueiui
iiaiaaaaeaieyi oe?iei eniieuecoaony nenoaia iiaaoi?neeo i?aaeeiaeaiee e
e?oaeee ea/anoaa.
Iiaeaea?aeaiea /enoiou e ii?yaeea. Iaeiei ec nouanoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia
aunieiai ea/anoaa yiiineeo oiaa?ia yaeythony /enoioa e ii?yaeie ia
i?iecaiaenoaa. ?oeiaiaeeoaee yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoee noa?athony
onoaiiaeoue oaeie ii?yaeie, eioi?ue iiaeao neoaeeoue aa?aioeae ea/anoaa
i?iaeoeoeee e niiniaai iiauneoue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue aeaaiaea?y
/enoioa e ii?yaeeo.
A oeaeii yiiineia oi?aaeaiea ioee/aao oii? ia oeo/oaiea /aeiaa/aneeo
ioiioaiee: niaeaniaaiiinoue, a?oiiiaoth i?eaioaoeeth, ii?aeueiua
ea/anoaa neoaeaueo, noaaeeueiinoue caiyoinoe e aa?iiiecaoeeth ioiioaiey
iaaeaeo ?aai/eie e oi?aaeythueie.
I. I?eioeeiu yiiineiai oi?aaeaiey.
Iu ethaei ethaeae e caieth.
Eicoia oe?iu «Sanyo electric»
Nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey neiaeeeenue a ssiiiee a oneiaeyo
iineaaiaiiie ?ac?ooe, eioi?ay iinoaaeea ia?aae ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie caaea/o
ainnoaiiaeaiey nioeeaeueiie, iieeoe/aneie e yeiiiie/aneie aeecie. Iiae
aeeyieai aia?eeaineie ieeoiaoeeiiiie aaeieieno?aoeee aoaeouea yiiineea
iaiaaeaea?u iiciaeiieeenue n aia?eeaineie eaeaieiaeae e iaoiaeaie
oi?aaeaiey aecianii. Eiaiii a yoio ia?eiae eeaea?u yiiineiai aeciana
ia/aee iinoeaaoue nioeeaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iineaaenoaey naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Yoi ia icia/aao, /oi aei 19945 aiaea a ssiiiee ia auei yooaeoeaiie
nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?ieciaenoaii. I?inoi iineaaiaiiue e?ecen aeae
noeioeu aeey iienea iiaeaee iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieee, aeaai iia oaea
auea aioiaa. Au? 5 iay 1932 aiaea E. Iaoeoneoa, iniiaaoaeue eiiiaiee
«Iaoeoneoa Aeaiee», eioi?iai a ssiiiee iacuaatho «ananeeueiui
aieoaaieeii iaiaaeaeiaioa» e «iniiaaoaeai aa?io/aiey ia oi?aaeaiee»,
i?ieci?n ia?aae ii/oe aeaoiynoaie naieo neoaeaueo ieaiaiioth ?a/ue.
Eiaiii a yoio aeaiue ii iinoea i?aaeiacia/aiea i?iecaiaeeoaey: «?ieue
i?iecaiaeeoaey a oii, /oiau i?aiaeieaoue aaaeiinoue».
?oeiaiaeeoaee yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoee inouanoaeyee naie caaea/e, nia/aea
i?eiaiyy o?aaeeoeeiiiua iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey e iiaui oneiaeyi, a caoai n
iiiiuueth onaiaiiuo eie oai?ee e iaoiaeia aia?eeaineiai oi?aaeaiey. Iie
iuoaeenue ia oieueei oai?/anee i?eiaieoue i?aaeaiaiiue iiuo e iiaui
oneiaeyi, ii e ecaea/ue iieaciua o?iee, aini?eiyoue iiaua eaeae e oaeei
ia?acii iaeoe iiaue, yiiineee iooue ?acaeoey.
A ?acoeueoaoa iniiaiua /a?ou yiiineie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey ii?aaeaeyao
?yae eiioeaioeee, ionoonoaothueo a aia?eeaineie iiaeaee. Aaaeiaeoeie ec
ieo yaeythony nenoaia iiaeeciaiiiai iaeia e i?ioeann eieeaeoeaiiai
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee.
ssiiineia iauanoai iaeii?iaeii e i?iiecaii aeooii eieeaeoeaecia.
ssiiioeu anaaaea iuneyo io eiaie a?oii. Ee/iinoue iniciaao naay i?aaeaea
anaai eae /eaia a?oiiu, a naith eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue – eae
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue /anoe oeaeiai. ?oeiaiaeyuee i?eioeei yiiineiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa iaoiaeeony a niaeanee n enneaaeiaaieyie Y. Iaei, eioi?ue
iieacae, /oi ?aaioa anoue a?oiiiaay aeayoaeueiinoue.
Aii?in i oii, eaeea /a?ou /aeiaaea ieaaeoony aeinoaoi/ii i?i/iuie aeey
oiai, /oiau ia ieo iiaeii auei iia?aoueny a oneiaeyo auno?iai eciaiaiey
iauanoaaiiie ineoieiaee e yoe/aneeo oeaiiinoae, aeey ssiiiee, eae e aeey
ae?oaeo no?ai, inoaaony aei neo ii? ioe?uoui. Iiiaea enneaaeiaaoaee
n/eoatho, /oi aeaaea eaaeoueany iaeaieaa nia?aiaiiuie iniaaiiinoe
iuoeaiey e /oanoaiaaiey ee/iinoe e iauanoaaiiuo a?oii yaeythony
ii?iaeaeaieai i?ioeuo yiio e ii oiaeo ?acaeoey iauanoaa en/acioo.
Eciaiaiea iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey a ssiiiee naaiaeiy oa?aeoa?ecoaony
aic?anoaieai naiaiaeu auai?a eiioeaioeee aeey nicaeaiey iioeiaeueiuo
nenoai, iaeiaei i?e yoii o?aaeeoeeiiiua iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey ia
caauaathony. No?aieaiea e eciaiaieyi, iniiaaiiia ia oaaaeaiee e
iaoeeiiaeueiui aeooiaiui oeaiiinoyi, y?ei i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaii a
neaaeothuai auneacuaaiee iaeiiai ec aeaeiaeoeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeae ssiiiee
N. Oiiaeu:
«Oio, eoi yaeyaony ?oeiaiaeeoaeai i?aaiecaoeee, aeieaeai i?aaeaea anaai
naeaeaoue naia oi?aaeaiea ananoi?iiia iainiiaaiiui. Yoi cia/eo, /oi ii
aeieaeai i?ae?anii iiieiaoue oeaee aeayoaeueiinoe naiae i?aaiecaoeee,
iainiiauaaoue aa iieeoeeo e nicaeaaaoue ieaiu ii aeinoeaeaieth
iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ oaeei ia?acii, /oiau aai iiae/eiaiiua ?aaioaee n
niciaieai nianoaaiiiai aeinoieinoaa e iieo/aee io ?aaiou
oaeiaeaoai?aiea. Aeey oiai, /oiau au?aaioaoue oaeie ia?ac iuoeaiey,
eioi?ue au iiaeoaeeeaae iiae/eiaiiuo e aeinoeaeaieth iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae
a ethauo oneiaeyo, eeaea? aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue oai?aoe/anee neeueiie e
i?aeoe/anee i?eiaieiie eiioeaioeeae».
Ae?oaie iaiaeiaaaeiie iniaaiiinoueth yiiineiai iaiaaeaeiaioa yaeyaony
eiioeaioeey iai?a?uaiiai iao/aiey. ssiiioeu oaa?aiu, /oi iai?a?uaiia
iao/aiea i?eaiaeeo e iinoiyiiiio niaa?oainoaiaaieth ianoa?noaa. Eaaeaeue
/aeiaae iooai iai?a?uaiiai iao/aiey iiaeao oeo/oeoue auiieiaiea naiae
?aaiou. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e naii?acaeoeth, a aeinoeaiooua ?acoeueoaou
i?eiinyo ii?aeueiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, oeaeueth
iao/aiey yaeyaony iiaeaioiaea e aieaa ioaaonoaaiiie ?aaioa e
i?iaeaeaeaiey ii neoaeaa. Ii, a ioee/ea io caiaaeiiai iiaeoiaea e
oi?aaeaieth, yiiioeu i?eaeatho iniaia cia/aiea aeieao a
niaa?oainoaiaaiee ianoa?noaa aac iaeeaeaiey eaeie-eeai iaoa?eaeueiie
auaiaeu. ssiiioeu oaaaeaeaiu, /oi oeo/oaiea ianoa?noaa naii ii naaa
iiaeao i?eiineoue /aeiaaeo ia?iiiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea.
ssiiioeu aini?eei/eau e iiaui eaeayi. Iie ethayo o/eony ia /oaeeo
ioeaeao e ecaeaeaoue auaiaeo ec /oaeiai iiuoa. Iie aieiaoaeueii
iaaethaeatho ca i?ienoiaeyuei a ie?a e nenoaiaoe/anee iiiieiytho
eioi?iaoeeth ec-ca ?oaaaea. Iie caeinoaotho e auno?i onaaeaatho iiaua
oaoiieiae/aneea iaoiaeu e i?ioeannu. ssiiineea ?aai/ea ia ieacuaatho
nii?ioeaeaiey aiaae?aieth iiaeiie oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna. Eiiiaaoeey –
iniiaa yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, e yiiioeu ae ene?aiia i?eaa?aeaiu.
Iienaiiua auoa i?aaenoaaeaiey auee aaaeiu aeey iiaeaioiaee eciaiaiee a
yiiineie no?aoaaee oi?aaeaiey e noeea ?oeiaiaenoaa, a oaeaea aeey
no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee ioaeaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee e yeiiiie/aneie
nenoaiu a oeaeii. Noa?aeiai iiauo eiioeaioeee noaei i?eciaiea
nioeeaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe, eaaeauae ia oi?aaeythueo.
A 1947 aiaeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeue, iaeei ec iniiaaoaeae eiiiaiee
«Panasonic» E. Iaoeoneoa iniiauaaao oai?/aneoth eaai?aoi?eth «Aeieeae»
aeey enneaaeiaaiey iiauo oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee. A iaeiei ec ia?auo
o?oaeia yoie eaai?aoi?ee ainiiaeei Iaoeoneoa ioia/aao:
«Eaaeaeay eiiiaiey, aia caaeneiinoe io aa ?acia?ia, aeieaeia eiaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee, ioee/iua io iieo/aiey i?eauee, oeaee, eioi?ua
ii?aaaeuaatho aa nouanoaiaaiea. Iia aeieaeia eiaoue naia nianoaaiiia
i?ecaaiea a yoii ie?a. Anee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iaeaaeaao iiieiaieai yoie
iennee, ii iaycai aeiaanoe aei niciaiey neoaeaueo, /aai oi/ao aeinoe/ue
eiiiaiey, oeacaoue aa eaeaaeu. E anee aai iiae/eiaiiua iniciatho, /oi
?aaioatho ia oieueei ca oeaa ianouiue, iie iieo/ao noeioe e aieaa
iai?yaeaiiie niaianoiie ?aaioa ai eiy aeinoeaeaiey iauae oeaee».
Yoa aea eaeay au?aaeaia a aeieoiaioa, iioaeeeiaaiiii a 1956 aiaeo:
«Aeaenoaey oi?aaeythuaai a nia?aiaiiie ei?ii?aoeee auoiaeyo aeaeaei ca
?aiee ecaea/aiey i?eauee. Eae n i?aanoaaiiie, oae e n i?aeoe/aneie oi/ee
c?aiey aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau oi?aaeythuea no?aieeenue e
i?iecaiaenoao i?iaeoeoeee iaeaunoaai ea/anoaa i?e iaeiaiueoeo oeaiao
iin?aaenoaii eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea a
niioaaonoaee n iaueie eioa?anaie yeiiiieee e a oeaeyo iiauoaiey
aeaaininoiyiey anaai iauanoaa. Ianiiiaiii, /oi ioaaonoaaiiinoue
oi?aaeythuaai ia?aae iauanoaii yaeyaony aaaeiui ?u/aaii, ?acaeaathuei
nenoaio oi?aaeaiey a iai?aaeaiee iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae».
Oaeei ia?acii, nia?aiaiiia yiiineia oi?aaeaiea i?eia?aei aeoo
ioe?uoinoe, eioi?ue iicaieee iiae/eieoue oaoiieiae/aneia ?acaeoea
?aoaieth auaeaeaaaiuo naiie aeeciueth i?iaeai. ssiiineoth nenoaio
oi?aaeaiey iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae neioac eiii?oe?iaaiiuo eaeae e
eoeueoo?iuo o?aaeeoeee. Iiyoiio, /oiau iiiyoue i?e?iaeo nia?aiaiiie
oi?aaeai/aneie iunee ssiiiee, iaiaoiaeeii einiooueny iaeioi?uo /a?o
o?aaeeoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u yoie no?aiu.
II. Iiaaaeaiea a i?aaiecaoeee
Eae ioia/aeinue, yiiineay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey noi?ie?iaaeanue e
ianoiyuaio a?aiaie eae i?aaie/aneee nieaa iaoeeiiaeueiuo o?aaeeoeee e
ia?aaeiaiai iiuoa iaiaaeaeiaioa. *oi eanaaony iaoeeiiaeueiuo o?aaeeoeee,
oi eo i/aiue nouanoaaiiay (a eiioaenoa aeaiiie ?aaiou) /a?oa ninoieo a
oii, /oi yiiioeu i?aaeii/eoatho ia i?eaea?aeeaaoueny ienaiuo i?aaee; a
eo ycueo a neeo ea?iaeeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a ienueiaiiinoe ianaienoaaiia
/aoeay iaeiicia/iinoue ii?aaeaeaiee, oa?aeoa?iay aeey aa?iiaeneeo
ycueia, a /anoiinoe, iaiaoeeiai. Naie yiiioeu ieooo: «…a
o?aaeeoeeiiiii yiiineii iauanoaa ionoonoaiaaee eae anaiauee yoe/aneee
eiaeaen, oae e eaoaai?e/aneea ?aeeaeiciua i?aaeienaiey. Ia nouanoaiaaei
aeaaea /aoeie nenoaiu i?aaenoaaeaiee i a?aoa…» (I. Eineii).
*eea Iaeaia i?iaae aeanoyuaa enneaaeiaaiea, eiaaoaa naiei i?aaeiaoii
oeiu ioiioaiee a a?oiiao a nayce n o?aaeeoeeyie iaoeeiiaeueiuo eoeueoo?.
Ii auaeaeioe iniiaiua iieiaeaiey eiioeaioeee aiaeeca aioo?aiiae
no?oeoo?u nioeeaeueiuo a?oii, ?acaeaeea oeiu onoaiaaeeaathueony iaaeaeo
ethaeueie acaeiiioiioaiee ia aeaa: ai?eciioaeueiue, eae niaieoiiinoue
eiaeeaeaeia, eioi?ua iaeaaeatho iaueie /a?oaie (iai?eia?, ethaee iaeiie
i?ioannee) e aa?oeeaeueiue, i?e eioi?ii eiaeeaeaeu, iaeaaeathuea
?acee/iuie /a?oaie, naycaiiu ii?aaeaeaiiie nioeeaeueiie naycueth
(iai?eia?, naiuey, eeai, eeoa). Eiaiii aoi?ie, «aa?oeeaeueiue» oei
ioiioaiee yaeyaony oa?aeoa?iui e ii?aaeaeythuei «eeoei» yiiineiai
iauanoaa.
A?oiia, e eioi?ie i?eiaaeeaaeeo yiiiaoe, cia/eia aeey iaai oae aea, eae
naiuey. A yiiineie oe?ia aa aeaaa iioiae ia iooea. *eaiu naiuee
nio?oaeie/atho niiioaiii. Oea?eo iaoi?iaeueiay aoiinoa?a. Aioo?aiiea
eiioeeeou naaaeaiu e ieieioio, a a?oiiao ae?oaeaethaiua ioiioaiey. A
ssiiiee oe?ia n/eoaaony i?aaie/anee oeaeui, aeeaui i?aaieciii,
iaaeaeaiiui aeooie. Iiaeao niaieoueny ?oeiaiaeeoaeue, ii oe?ia
inoaiaony. N/eoaaony, /oi oe?ia – aeieaia?aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, iioiio
/oi iia aa?aioe?oao iiaeeciaiiue iaei. (Oaeea ioiioaiey cae?aieaiu
«Caeiiii i ei?ii?aoeaiie ?ai?aaiecaoeee», niaeanii eioi?iio a oe?iao,
eioi?ua noieeioeenue n oeiainiauie o?oaeiinoyie e iaoiaeyony ia a?aie
aaie?ionoaa, i?iaiaeyony ?ai?aaiecaoeee). N/eoaaony, /oi i?aaei?eyoea
aeciana yaeyaony caieiooie nioeeaeueiie a?oiiie, a ?aaioa aeieaeia
caieiaoue oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a aeecie ?aaioieeia. «?aaioiaeaoaee ia
eniieuecotho iaeei o?oae /aeiaaea, iie eniieuecotho aai anaai».
Oi?ioea «i?aaei?eyoea anoue ethaee» yaeyaony ene?aiiei oaaaeaeaieai
?aaioiaeaoaeae. ssiiineea oi?aaeythuea i?eaeaatho naiei ?aaioieeai ia
oieueei oaoie/aneea iaauee, ii e ii?aeueiua e i?aanoaaiiua oeaiiinoe.
Eae ii?iaeaeaieai eiioeaioeeae «/aeiaa/aneiai iioaioeeaea» iiaeii
?anniao?eaaoue nenoaio a?oiiiaiai i?eiyoey ?aoaiee ?eiae. Niaeanii ae
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?eiyoea ?aoaiey ia ia?niieoeoee?iaaia. Ca i?eiyoia
?aoaiea ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ana a?oiia. I?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi ie
iaeei /aeiaae ia eiaao i?aaa aaeeiiee/ii i?eiyoue ?aoaiea.
Iiaeii ?anniio?aoue aieaa iiae?iaii i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiey a?oiiie.
Nouiinoue nenoaiu ?eiae a oii, /oi ?aoaiey aeieaeiu i?eieiaoueny iooai
eiinainona. Nenoaia o?aaoao, /oiau ?aoaiea auei i?eiyoi anaie. Anee
eoi-oi i?ioea, i?aaeeiaeaiea aica?auaaony e aai eieoeeaoi?o. Yoio
iiaeoiae ana aua nio?aiai, oioy i?ioeaaeo?iay /anoue nenoaiu ?eiae
i?aoa?iaea eciaiaiey. Eaaeaeia i?aaeeiaeaiea ianoaeaeaaony a
iaioeoeeaeueiuo a?oiiao. ?aoaiea ieeiaaea ia auiineony ia ioeoeeaeueiia
ianoaeaeaiea aac iaoi?iaeueiiai.
Aio eae iienuaaao i?ioeann a?oiiiaiai i?eiyoey ?aoaiee ?e/a?ae Oaeei?ai:
«A i?ioeanna ioeoeeaeueiiai ianoaeaeaiey eaaeaeue /eai a?oiiu
auneacuaaao iaaieueooth /anoue naieo iuneae ia yoio n/ao, ii ieeiaaea ia
auoiaeeo n caeii/aiiui oaaaeeoaeueiui aunooieaieai. ssiiioeu, eiathuea
e?aeia /oanoaeoaeueiia yai, ia aeaeatho iiiaaeaoue a ninoiyiea
iaoiaeyuaainy a iaiueoeinoaa eee, /oi aua ooaea, n iniaui iiaieai.
Aiyony iie e neo/aeii iaeaeaoue eieeaao naiei ?aceei aunooieaieai,
eioi?ia iiaeao i?ioeai?a/eoue iiaieth oiaa?euae. Eiaaea eeaea? a?oiiu
oaa?ai, /oi ana a iniiaiii niaeaniu n ieieiaeueiui ?aoaieai, ii
noiie?oao iiaiea a?oiiu, ni?aoeaaao, ana ee niaeaniu, e iaeyaeuaaao cae
aeey iieo/aiey iaeia?eoaeueiuo eeaeia. Ia neuoii ie aaeeiiai aue?eea.».
Ioaeii /aoei iiieiaoue, /oi yiiineee iaoiae i?aaeiieaaaao iieiia
aaeeiiaeooea. Yoi ia ?aoaiea aieueoeinoaa. ssiiioeu ieoatho ioa?auaiea e
oe?aiee aieueoeinoaa. Anee iieiiai aaeeiiaeooey iao, ?aoaiea ia
i?eieiaaony. Anee ?aoaieth i?ioeaiiinoaaeaii iiaiea iaaieueoiai
iaiueoeinoaa, aai oaaaeaeatho oaaaeaoue acaeyaeu inoaeueiuo. Yoa
eiii?iienniay iiceoeey iicaea aoaeao aiciaa?aaeaeaia. Aeey yiiioea
n/eoaaony iaaaaeeeai ioe?uoi aic?aaeaoue noa?oaio e auoanoiyuaio:
ianiaeanea ioaeii au?aaeaoue i/aiue aeeieiiaoe/ii.
ssiiioeu aeiioneatho a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie aeecie iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue,
aeaoniuneaiiinoue, ianiaa?oainoai, eae e iiiaia ae?oaia, ?aaeueii
nouanoaothuaa. E?iia oiai, yiiioeu /oanoaotho naay ai?acaei aieaa
acaeiicaaeneiuie. Iiyoiio iie aioiau i?aaei?eieiaoue aeaeueiaeoea
oneeey, iai?aaeaiiua ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea ethaeae e ia ainieoaiea oiaiey
yooaeoeaii ?aaioaoue ae?oa n ae?oaii.
A i?ioeaiaan o?aaeeoeeiiiie iiaeaee iiaaaeaiey «O» e «Y» yiiioeu ?acaeee
e oniaoii i?eiaiytho iiaeaeue «/aeiaa/aneiai iioaioeeaea», niaeanii
eioi?ie ia ia?aue ieai auaeaeaaaony eaeay i oii, /oi ethaeyi o?aaoaony
aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiyoue e ?acaeaaoue naie niiniaiinoe, iieo/ay io yoiai
oaeiaeaoai?aiea. Eiioeaioeey «/aeiaa/aneiai iioaioeeaea» caueuaao oaeea
oneiaey o?oaea, a eioi?uo niiniaiinoe ?aaioieea iiiu?ythony e ?acaeoeth,
e oaeaeyao iniaia aieiaiea ?acaeoeth o ?aaioieeia no?aieaiey e
naiioi?aaeaieth e naiieiio?ieth.
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi n?aaeiaai caaia a-i Eneeaaa Eai?o niaaooao:
«Iieaciinoue nio?oaeieea ii?aaeaeyaony ia aai iinoiyiiui oece/aneei
i?enoonoaeai, a iio?aaiinoyie oe?iu a yoii nio?oaeieea. I?e /aoeie
i?aaiecaoeee ia?ii?eyoee oece/aneia i?enoonoaea ?oeiaiaeeoaey ia oe?ia
aiiaua ia iaycaoaeueii. Yoi ioiineony e i?aaiecaoeeyi, aaea aeiaa?ea e
iiae/eiaiiui yaeyaony iai?aeiaeiui caeiiii. N ae?oaie noi?iiu,
iaiaoiaeeii iaiin?aaenoaaiiia o/anoea nio?oaeieea a ?aoaiee oao
i?iaeai, eioi?ua aac o/anoey eiaiii yoiai ?aaioieea aoaeoo ?aoaoueny
aeieueoa eee aoaeoo ?aoaiu caaaaeiii iaiaa oaea/ii – iai?eia?,
?ac?aaioea ia?niaeoeaiiai, iiaiai ecaeaeey eee inaiaiea iiaiai ?uiea
nauoa. Iio?aaiinoue oe?iu a nio?oaeieea ii?aaeaeyaony oaeeie aai
ea/anoaaie, eae auno?ioa ?aaeoeee, niia?aceoaeueiinoue e eieoeeaoeaa.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee iai?aaeaeaeaiiie neooaoeee oaeiai nio?oaeieea i?inyo
aa?ioony ia oe?io aeey o/anoey a ?aoaiee i?iaeaiu.
Oio, eoi oi?aaeyao iiae/eiaiiuie, – ?oeiaiaeeoaeue eeoue iaiieiaeio.
Ninoiyaoeiny ?oeiaiaeeoaeai iiaeii iacaaoue oiai, eoi niiniaai
oi?aaeyoue e auoanoiyueie ii aeieaeiinoe.
Iaaeaeaiea iiae/eiaiiuo i?aaaie noeioee?oao ananoi?iiiaa ?acaeoea eo
niiniaiinoae e aeoeaece?oao eo oai?/aneea aiciiaeiinoe. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
yaeyaony ainieoaoaeai naieo iiae/eiaiiuo. Ii aeieaeai aeaeeony n ieie
ciaieyie e iaeiieaiiui iiuoii iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia ?aai/eo ianoao. Iaeiei
ec iaoiaeia iiaeaioiaee eaae?ia, eiathuei iaiaeiaaaeiia cia/aiea,
yaeyaony iaaeaeaiea iiae/eiaiiuo iaiaoiaeeiuie i?aaaie, iicaieythueie ei
?aoaoue aii?inu ii naiaio oniio?aieth. I?e yoii iiae/eiaiiua aeieaeiu
oi?ioi i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa iauoth no?aoaaeth oe?iu.
Ia no?aieoanue iinoiyiii neaaeeoue ca ?aaeoeeae auoanoiyuaai
?oeiaiaenoaa ia ?acoeueoaou o?oaea.
?oeiaiaeeoaee n?aaeiaai caaia e aai iiae/eiaiiua ioaa/atho ca
aeinoiaa?iinoue eioi?iaoeee i ?acoeueoaoao naiaai o?oaea.
?oeiaiaenoai n?aaeiaai caaia ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeayoaeueiinoue
e?oaeeia ea/anoaa.
Nio?oaeie/anoai e naycue n ae?oaeie ioaeaeaie – yoi e anoue oi?aaeaiea
ii ooieoeeyi.
I?eaioaoeey ia ia?niaeoeao – caeia oniaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Aeaaa
oe?iu aeieaeai i?eaioe?iaaoueny a naiae ?aaioa ia 10 eao aia?aae,
?oeiaiaeeoaeue aunoaai caaia -ia 5 eao, ?oeiaiaeeoaeue ioaeaea – ia 3
aiaea e iiae?acaeaeaiey – ii e?aeia ia?a ia 1 aiae.
A caeeth/aiee ?aeiiaiaeoth ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi n?aaeiaai caaia, caieiathuei
aaaeiua e ioaaonoaaiiua aeieaeiinoe, ia naieo oe?iao, ?aoaoue noiyuea
ia?aae ieie caaea/e eieoeeaoeaii, n aeinoieinoaii e oaa?aiiinoueth a
naieo neeao».
N/eoaaony, /oi aeanoue iaiaaeaeiaioa a ssiiiee caeiiia, e iiyoiio iia n
aioiaiinoueth i?eieiaaony e oaaaeaaony. ?aai/ea /oanoaotho, /oi eo
iaiaaeaea?u aieaa ia?aciaaiu e eiiiaoaioiu. Iaiaaeaea?u ia eiatho
ecauoi/iuo i?eaeeaaee, /oi iiaei au aucaaoue ?aaiinoue. Eo ieeaaeu e
ae?oaea aiciaa?aaeaeaiey n/eoathony ne?iiiuie ii n?aaiaieth e eo
caneoaai. A yooaeoeaiue iaiaaeaeiaio yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aeey
i?ioeaaoaiey naieo ?aai/eo.
Auaiaeu, eioi?ua iiaeii naeaeaoue, ?anniao?eaay yiiineoth nenoaio
oi?aaeaiey, oaeiau:
ethaee iieo/atho oaeiaeaoai?aiea io caaeneiinoe, ii?aaeaeyaiie oaniie
aa?oeeaeueiie naycueth a no?oeoo?a eieeaeoeaa, eioi?ay aini?eieiaaony
eae aa?aioey caueuaiiinoe e aaciianiinoe;
iniiaiie caaea/ae iaiaaeaea?a yaeyaony iiaeaea?aeea a eieeaeoeaa aeooa
ei?ii?aoeaiinoe, iauaaeeiaiee ?aaioieeia iaueie eioa?anaie e
iiieiaieai iaueo oeaeae ?aaiou;
eiaaea nicaeaia ianoaiiaea, iaania/eaathuay a?oiiiaia i?eiyoea
?aoaiee, ana /eaiu eieeaeoeaa iiaoo aiineoue aeeaae a aeinoeaeaiea oeaee
a iieioth ia?o naieo niiniaiinoae.
III. Nenoaia eiio?iey
Oi?aaeai/aneee eiio?ieue – yoi nie?auaiiia ii?aaeaeaiea oi?aaeai/aneiai
ieaie?iaaiey e ia?aoiie nayce, eioi?ia yaeyaony eino?oiaioii
aeayoaeueiinoe iaiaaeaea?ia a aeinoeaeaiee i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oeaeae.
Niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea oi?aaeyoue eiaao ii?aaeaeaiiua i?aaeaeu, iiyoiio
aeieaeai auoue iaeaeai iioeiaeueiue ianooaa aeciana, iicaieythuee
oi?aaeyoue yooaeoeaii.
Iiaeii ?anniio?aoue yoio i?ioeann ia i?eia?a oe?iu «Iaoeoneoa». A iniiao
i?aaiecaoeee oe?iu iieiaeaia nenoaia oeeeaeia. Iie eeanneoeoee?othony
neaaeothuei ia?acii:
aeey aunoeo oi?aaeythueo eiiiaiee n oeaeueth eiio?iey oi?aaeythueo
oeeeaeaie – nenoaia ieaie?iaaiey a oeeeaeao, nenoaia aioo?aiiaai
eaieoaea oeeeaeia, nenoaia aaeaiany/iuo aooaaeoa?neeo io/aoia;
aeey oi?aaeythueo oeeeaeia n oeaeueth eiio?iey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ioaeaeia
– athaeaeaou ioaeaeia, nenoaia aaeaiany/iuo aooaaeoa?neeo io/aoia.
Nenoaia ieaie?iaaiey a oeeeaeao i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi eaaeaeue
naiinoiyoaeueiue ioaeae, a caoai e oeeeae ?ac?aaaouaaao naie ieai. Ia eo
iniiaa iiaeaioaaeeaaaony iauee ieai anae eiiiaiee. A iaueo /a?oao iaoiae
ieaie?iaaiey i?aaeiieaaaao neaaeothuea yoaiu:
I?iaicaeaoaiea no?aoaaee eiiiaiee. No?aoaaey eiiiaiee yaeyaony /ai-oi
aano?aeoiui e au?aaeaaony onoii, ii iia iiae/a?eeaaao ioeaieo aeae oe?iu
e aiieiuaao iaia?aiey i?aiaeieaoue eiiuthieoo?iua o?oaeiinoe
oniaa?oainoaiaaieai iieeoeee e oeaeae. Yoi naiaai ?iaea eicoia aeey
ia?niiaea.
Aee?aeoeau i ieaie?iaaiee a oeeeaeao. Oae eae no?aoaaey eiiiaiee
aano?aeoia, oi i?eaioe?u aeey ieaie?iaaiey a oeeeaeao caaeathony
i?aceaeaioii eiiiaiee a aeaea aee?aeoeau.
Ii?aaeaeaiea iieeoeee ieaie?iaaiey oeeeaea. Ia yoii yoaia oi?aaeythuee
oeeeaeii ii?aaeaeyao naith nianoaaiioth iieeoeeo auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiuo
ia?aae iei oeaeae e eino?oeoe?oao ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ioaeaeia.
Iiaeaioiaea ieaia eaaeaeiai ioaeaeaiey.
Iiaeaioiaea i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ioaeaeaiey.
Iiaeaioiaea i?iaeoa ieaia oeeeaea.
I?iaa?ea e ooaa?aeaeaiea ieaiia oeeeaea.
Ia?aaea/a ooaa?aeaeaiiiai i?iaeoa ieaia oeeeaea. Yoa niaoa iacuaaaony
«aeieoiaioii n ei?ieaaneie ia/aoueth». Oea?aiiiey yoie ia?aaea/e – /enoi
yiiineay iniaaiiinoue, iioiio /oi «aeieoiaio n ei?ieaaneie ia/aoueth»
?anniao?eaaaony eae eiio?aeo iaaeaeo i?aceaeaioii eiiiaiee e
oi?aaeythuei oeeeaeii. Auiieiaiea ieaia yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiui aeey
oi?aaeythuaai. Eaaeaeue oi?aaeythuee ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
aeinoeaeaiea oieueei caoeene?iaaiiuo a «aeieoiaioa n ei?ieaaneie
ia/aoueth» ioieoia. Auai? iaoiaea aeey auiieiaiey yoiai niaeaoaiey
i?aaeinoaaeyaony oi?aaeythuaio oeeeaeii. I/aaeaeii, /oi oaeie iiaeoiae e
oi?aaeaieth o?aaoao io oi?aaeythuaai aunieiai /oanoaa ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
naiieiio?iey.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi oi?aaeai/aneee eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai
iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ inouanoaeyaony ia iooai i?eiyoey ii?aaeaeaiiuo
aee?aeoea, eae yoi i?eiyoi a o?aaeeoeeiiiii iaiaaeaeiaioa, a iooai
ieacaiey iiiiue e auyaeaiee neaauo caaiueaa a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
i?ioeanna (neiai «eiio?ieue» naycaia ia n iiaeaeueth «auyaeaiea –
iaeacaiea», a «i?iaa?ea-iiiiuue»).
*oiau ecaaaeony io noauaeoeaecia, yiiineea oi?aaeythuea iianthaeo, aaea
anoue iaeaeoay aiciiaeiinoue, i?eiaiytho iaoiaeu noaoenoeee aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey oaeouae neooaoeee. ssiiioeu aa?yo oeeo?ai. Iie ecia?ytho
ana. Iie noa?athony eiee/anoaaiii iienaoue ana aniaeou aeciana. ssiiioeu
ia ?anoi/atho neeu aionooth. Ana ono?iaii aacoi?a/ii, /oi yaeyaony
nouiinoueth oi?ioaai iaiaaeaeiaioa.
Aeey nio?aiaiey aeenoeeieeiu e oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa ?aaiou yiiineee
iaiaaeaeiaio aieueoa iieaaaaony ia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea, /ai ia iaeacaiea.
Aiciaa?aaeaeaiey auaeathony ca iieaciua i?aaeeiaeaiey, ca nianaiea
aeecie i?e aaa?eyo, ca auaeathueany ?acoeueoaou a o/aaiuo eo?nao, ca
ioee/iia auiieiaiea iaycaiiinoae e ca «i?aaeaiiinoue naiaio aeaeo eae
ia?acaoe aeey eieeaa». Yoe aiciaa?aaeaeaiey auaatho ?aciuo oeiia:
a?aiiou, iiaea?ee eee aeaiueae e aeiiieieoaeueiue ioione.
Iaeacaiey aeaeyony ia auaiai?u, oo?aou e oaieueiaiey. Oaieueiaiea
aeiioneaaony a neo/ayo ai?ianoaa, i?eiyoey acyoie, naaioaaea,
aeanoieinoe, i?aaeiaia?aiiiai iaiiaeiiaaiey eino?oeoeeyi noa?oeo.
Iieacaoaeueii, /oi ?acaeae «aiciaa?aaeaeaiey» a eieaa i?aaee eiiiaiee
«Oeoa/e» noieo ia?aae ?acaeaeii «iaeacaiey». Oe?ia auionoeea aeieoiaio,
icaaeaaeaiiue «Aeaaiua i?eioeeiu «Oeoa/e». A iai auaeaeioou ia ia?aue
ieai o?e i?eioeeia: ene?aiiinoue, aeoo iioeiecia e eiia/iay aa?iiiey.
Yoio ioeoeeaeueiue aeieoiaio iieacuaaao, ianeieueei na?ueacii yiiioeu
ioiinyony e naiae ?aaioa.
ssiiineea iaiaaeaea?u i?eaaaatho e ia?ai iaeacaiey e?aeia iaioioii. A
i?ioeaiaan oaeoeee caioaeaaiey iaeacaieai, yiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio
oaeaeyao iniaia aieiaiea naiiniciaieth ?aai/eo e iiyoiio eniieuecoao
«oaeoeeo eicoiaia», iiaoaeaeathueo iiauneoue aeenoeeieeio.
Oaeay iiceoeey aiieia iauynieia: n iaeiie noi?iiu, eaaeaeue iiae/eiaiiue
yaeyaony eiaeeaeaeooiii e eiaao i?aai ia ioeaeo, n ae?oaie –
i?aaeeueiay eaae?iaay iieeoeea i?e i?eaia ia ?aaioo «ia aeiionoeo» a
oe?io iaaeia?iniaanoiiai ?aaioieea, iineieueeo ca iaai ianao iieioth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue oio, eoi aai i?eiye ia ?aaioo.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?niiaeii noaiiaeony no?aoaae/aneei oaeoi?ii ec-ca
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aa?aioee iiaeeciaiiiai iaeia.
IV. Oi?aaeaiea o?oaeiauie ?ano?naie
?anoeaao ainoaea?noaa – a ethaeyo e oiaaeie ainoaea?noaa – a ethaeyo.
Ae?aaiyy ioae?inoue
Iaeiie ec ioee/eoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae yiiineiai oi?aaeaiey yaeyaony
oi?aaeaiea o?oaeiauie ?ano?naie. ssiiineea ei?ii?aoeee oi?aaeytho naieie
neoaeaueie oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iineaaeiea ?aaioaee iaeneiaeueii
yooaeoeaii. Aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee yiiineea ei?ii?aoeee
eniieuecotho aia?eeaineoth oaoieeo oi?aaeaiey eaae?aie, a oii /enea
yooaeoeaiua nenoaiu ca?aaioiie ieaou, aiaeeca i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea e
?aai/eo iano, aooanoaoeee neoaeaueo e ae?oaea. Ii nouanoaoao e aieueoay
?acieoea iaaeaeo aia?eeaineei e yiiineei oi?aaeaieai. ssiiineea
ei?ii?aoeee aieueoa eniieuecotho i?aaeaiiinoue naieo neoaeaueo
eiiiaieyi. Ioiaeanoaeaiea neoaeaueo n ei?ii?aoeeae nicaeaao e?aieoth
ii?aeue e aaaeao e aunieie yooaeoeaiinoe. ssiiineay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey
no?aieony oneeeaaoue yoi ioiaeanoaeaiea, aeiaiaey aai aei aea?oaaiiinoe
eioa?anai oe?iu.
ssiiineee neoaeauee i/aiue oanii ioiaeanoaeyao naay n iaiyaoae aai
ei?ii?aoeeae. Eae aunoea aeieaeiinoiua eeoea, oae e ?yaeiaua eniieieoaee
n/eoatho naay i?aaenoaaeoaeyie ei?ii?aoeee. A ssiiiee eaaeaeue
?aaioathuee oaaaeaeai, /oi ii aaaeiia e iaiaoiaeeiia eeoei aeey naiae
eiiiaiee – yoi iaeii ec i?iyaeaiee ioiaeanoaeaiey naay n oe?iie. Ae?oaei
i?iyaeaieai yaeyaony oi, /oi yiiineee ?aaioiee a ioaao ia aii?in i aai
caiyoee iacuaaao eiiiaieth, aaea ii ?aaioaao. Iiiaea neoaeauea ?aaeei
aa?oo aeie ioaeuoa, e /anoi ia iieiinoueth eniieuecotho naie
iiea/eaaaiue ioione, oae eae oaaaeaeaiu, /oi eo aeiea ?aaioaoue, eiaaea
eiiiaiey a yoii ioaeaeaaony, oai naiui i?iyaeyy naith i?aaeaiiinoue
eiiiaiee.
Oai?aoe/anee, /ai aeieueoa /aeiaae ?aaioaao a i?aaiecaoeee, oai neeueiaa
aeieaeii auoue aai naiiioiaeaeanoaeaiea n iae. ssiiineea ei?ii?aoeee
aa?aioe?otho naiei neoaeauei ?aaioo e eniieuecotho nenoaio
aiciaa?aaeaeaiee, iniiaaiioth ia o?oaeiaii noaaea, aeey oiai, /oiau
i?aaeioa?aoeoue ooiae ?aaioieea a ae?oaoth oe?io. Ia?aoaaeoee a ae?oaoth
eiiiaieth eeoaaony o?oaeiaiai noaaea e ia/eiaao ana nia/aea. Any nenoaia
iiaeeciaiiiai iaeia iniiaaia ia aa?aioee caiyoinoe ?aaioieea e ia
aa?aioee aai i?iaeaeaeaiey. A naith i/a?aaeue, eaaeaeue neoaeauee eee
?yaeiaie ?aaioiee iieo/aao oaeiaeaoai?aiea io nianoaaiiie
yooaeoeaiinoe a ?aaioa, ciay, /oi aai aeaenoaey eiaaea-ieaoaeue aoaeoo
iaycaoaeueii ioeaiaiu.
Caiyoinoue a ssiiiee eiaao iniaia cia/aiea. Yoi ia oieueei aii?in
eiio?aeoa iaaeaeo ?aaioiaeaoaeai e ?aaioieeii. Iia eiaao yiioeeiiaeueiue
e ii?aeueiue iiaeoaeno.
ssiiineea ?aai/ea o?oaeyony iaoiaee/ii e i?aaeaiii. Iie ioieooaeueiu.
Aiciiaeii eeoue iaaieueoia ?anneaaeaiea a iineaaeiea iie/ana ?aaiou. O
yiiineeo ?aai/eo i?e?iaeiay ethaiaue e /enoioa e yeaaaioiinoe. O ieo
i/aiue ?acaeoi /oanoai aeieaa. Iie ai?aeyony naiei ianoa?noaii. Iie
iieo/atho ia?iiiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea io oi?ioi naeaeaiiie ?aaiou e
/oanoaotho naay ian/anoeeauie a neo/aa iaoaea/e. O ieo iao /oanoaa, /oi
eo yenieoaoe?oao oe?ia. ssiiineei ?aai/ei ia aica?aiyaony au?aaeaoue
ai?aeinoue ca naith ?aaioo, oae aea, eae e au?aaeaoue naith
i?aaeaiiinoue oe?ia.
Iiaeeciaiiue iaei – yoi ia th?eaee/aneia i?aai. Aai ooaa?aeaeaiea –
aeaiue o?aaeeoeee, aiciiaeii, eiathuae ia/aei a ia?aiauoiie iaueia e
iieo/eaoae caeii/aiioth oi?io a yiiineii oaiaeaeueiii iauanoaa. Oe?ia
ii?aeueii iaycaia caaioeony i naiai ?aaioieea aieioue aei auoiaea ia
iaineth. Ooao eiiieaeooaony ia iniiaa ee/iuo ea/anoa, aeia?aoe/aneeo
aeaiiuo e oa?aeoa?a. Eiyeueiinoue oeaieony aieueoa, /ai eiiiaoaioiinoue.
E eaaeaeiio ?aai/aio ioiinyony eae e /eaio naiuee. Oi/ii oaeaea, anee
aicieeatho oeiainiaua o?oaeiinoe, ana aeinoieii ia?aiinyo nie?auaiea
aeioiaeia.
A oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao iaiaaeaeiaio ia?niiaeii iniaaiii aaaeai.
ssiiineea iaiaaeaea?u aa?yo, /oi ethaee – yoi aaee/aeoaa aeinoiyiea. I?e
ioai?a i?aoaiaeaioia aeey iaiaaeaeiaioa aunoaai o?iaiy aieueoa anaai
oeaieony niiniaiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoue ethaeueie.
ssiiioeu iaeaaeatho ii?aaeaeaiiuie ea/anoaaie, eioi?ua iacaiaieiu a
iaiaaeaeiaioa i?iiuoeaiiinoueth. Iaeei yenia?o neacae:«A ssiiiee
eaaeaeue nouanoaoao ia eae eiaeeaeaeooi, a eneeth/eoaeueii eae /eai
aieueoie a?oiiu». Ee/iinoue ioiaeanoaeyao naay n a?oiiie. Aa
ono?aieaiey – yoi ono?aieaiey a?oiiu; /aeiaae ai?aeeony ?aaioie yoie
a?oiiu. Ii ioaeaao naaa iieiue io/ao, /oi yaeyaony /eaiii eiiaiaeu, e ia
no?aieony e ee/iiio aaoi?eoaoo. Aai anaaaea eioa?anoao oniao eiiaiaeu.
Ana yoi oneeeaaao eii?aeeiaoeeth a i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, a ee/iua
o?aiey naiaeyony e ieieioio.
Iineieueeo oe?ia aeieaeia ooieoeeiie?iaaoue eae iaeia niei/aiiay
eiiaiaea, oi aieueoa anaai oeaiyony oaeea ea/anoaa, eae acaeiiia
aeiaa?ea, nio?oaeie/anoai, aa?iiiey e iieiay iiaeaea?aeea a ?aoaiee
caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae a?oiiie. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia auiieiaiea ?aaiou niciaoaeueii caoooaauaathony.
Oeaeueth yaeyaony oeo/oaiea ?aaiou a?oiiu e oneeaiea a?oiiiaie
nieeaea?iinoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, iaiaaeaeiaio anaaaea ?annoaeaeaao n iiceoeee a?oiiu.
A?oiia ioaa/aao ca oniao aeaea oae aea, eae e ca iaoaea/e. Iiyoiio
ioaeaeueiuo ?aaioieeia ?aaeei oi?aeatho ca iaoaea/e, iniaaiii anee yoi
oai?/aneea iaoaea/e eee naycaiiua n ?eneiaaiiui i?aaei?eyoeai. A
yiiineeo oe?iao ?aoaiea i?eieiaaony a?oiiie. Iiae/eiaiiua oi?ioee?otho
naie i?aaeeiaeaiey e ia?aaeatho eo caeioa?aniaaiiui eeoeai. Iinea oiai
eae a?oiiiaui ianoaeaeaieai iinoaaeaiu iauea caaea/e, eaaeaeue ?aaioiee
ii?aaeaeyao naie nianoaaiiua e i?enooiaao e eo auiieiaieth. Anee aoaeao
caia/aii, /oi iiae/eiaiiue ia a ninoiyiee eiio?iee?iaaoue neooaoeeth,
iaiaaeaea? n?aaeiaai caaia aiaoaaony e aoaeao naiiee/ii inouanoaeyoue
?oeiaiaenoai. Oaeia ioiioaiea aiooaao oaa?aiiinoue, /oi ee/iua iaoaea/e
e ioeaee, a iauai-oi, ia aaaea, noa?oee anaaaea iiiiaeao aueoe ec
neiaeiiai iieiaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, aeoeaio aeaeaaony ia ia ecaaaeaiea
iaoaea/, a ia aeinoeaeaiea iieiaeeoaeueiiai ?acoeueoaoa. Yoi o?aaoao
acaeiiiiieiaiey.
*aeiaae ioaeaeaaony a naiioaaaeaiee: ii ethaeo ianoe ioaaonoaaiiinoue e
niaa?oainoaiaaoue naie ciaiey e ianoa?noai. A yoii neo/aa, eae n/eoatho
yiiioeu, o iaai aeieaay oai?/aneay aeeciue. Iai?aaeaiiinoue oneeee ia
?aoaiea caaea/ oe?iu aaaeao e aai nianoaaiiiio ?acaeoeth e i?ia?anno
oe?iu. Iaiaaeaea?u a ssiiiee iinoiyiii ?acuyniytho oeaee e iieeoeeo
eiiiaiee naiei ?aai/ei, eioi?ua iiaoo naiaiaeii auneacuaaoue naia iiaiea
ii yoiio iiaiaeo. ?aai/ea eiatho naiaiaeiue aeinooi e aaeieieno?aoeee.
Oniao oe?iu – yoi e eo oniao.
V. Nenoaia oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii
Enoi?e/aneeie i?aaeiinueeaie oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii yaeeinue
iauaainoaea?noaaiiia aeaeaeaiea «ca ionoonoaea iaaeinoaoeia», eioi?ia
ia?a?inei a eiiieaeniue iaoiae oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii. Yoi aeaeaeaiea
ieacaei nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia oieueei ia ea/anoai oiaa?ia, ii e ia
iniciaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe eaaeaeui ?aai/ei ca ea/anoai auiieiaiiie
?aaiou, ?acaeaay a ieo /oanoai naiieiio?iey.
Ecia/aeueii nenoaia eiio?iey e oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii iniiauaaeanue ia
e?oaeeao ea/anoaa. Ii iiaieth iniiaaoaey e oai?aoeea oi?aaeaiey
ea/anoaii a ssiiiee Eneeaaa Eai?o, aeey i?aaiecaoeee e?oaeeia
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi iaiaoiaeeii neaaeiaaoue neaaeothueie i?eioeeiaie:
aeia?iaieueiinoe. E?oaeee aeieaeiu nicaeaaaoueny ia aeia?iaieueiie
iniiaa, a ia ii eiiaiaea naa?oo.
naii?acaeoea. *eaiu e?oaeea aeieaeiu i?iyaeyoue aeaeaiea o/eoueny.
a?oiiiaay aeayoaeueiinoue
i?eiaiaiea iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii
acaeiinaycue n ?aai/ei ianoii
aeaeiaay aeoeaiinoue e iai?a?uaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
acaeiiiai ?acaeoey. *eaiu e?oaeea aeieaeiu no?aieoueny e ?anoe?aieth
naiaai e?oaici?a e nio?oaeie/aoue n /eaiaie ae?oaeo e?oaeeia.
aoiinoa?a iiaaoi?noaa e oai?/aneiai iienea
anaiauaai o/anoey a eiia/iii eoiaa. Eiia/iie oeaeueth e?oaeeia ea/anoaa
aeieaeii noaoue iieiioeaiiia o/anoea anao ?aai/eo a oi?aaeaiee
ea/anoaii.
iniciaiea aaaeiinoe iiauoaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
?aoaiey caaea/ a yoie iaeanoe
Nouanoaotho oaeaea iniaaiiinoe yiiineie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii,
ioee/athuay aa io caiaaeiie nenoaiu:
oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii ia o?iaia oe?iu – o/anoe anao caaiueaa a oi?aaeaiee
ea/anoaii.
iiaeaioiaea eaae?ia e iao/aiea iaoiaeai oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii.
aeayoaeueiinoue e?oaeeia ea/anoaa.
einiaeoe?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe ii oi?aaeaiee ea/anoaii (i?aiee Aeaieiaa
i?aaei?eyoeth e i?iaa?ea aeayoaeueiinoe ?oeiaiaenoaa.)
eniieueciaaiea noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia.
iauaiaoeeiiaeueiua i?ia?aiiu ii eiio?ieth ea/anoaa.
Caaea/aie e?oaeeia ea/anoaa a ?aieao iauae aeayoaeueiinoe ii oi?aaeaieth
ea/anoaii ia i?aaei?eyoee yaeythony:
niaeaenoaea niaa?oainoaiaaieth e ?acaeoeth i?aaei?eyoey
nicaeaiea caei?iaie, oai?/aneie e aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiie aoiinoa?u ia
?aai/ai o/anoea
ananoi?iiiaa ?acaeoea niiniaiinoae ?aaioieeia e i?eaioaoeey ia
eniieueciaaiea yoeo aiciiaeiinoae a eioa?anao oe?iu
Oi?aaeaieai ea/anoaii eiaao iiiaea i?aeiouanoaa:
Iia aeaao enoeiioth aa?aioeth ea/anoaa. Ea/anoai iiaeii caeeaaeuaaoue
ia eaaeaeii yoaia, a eaaeaeii i?ioeanna e aeiaeoueny iieiinoueth
aacaeaoaeoiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoi aeinoeaaaony iooai oi?aaeaiey
oaoiieiae/aneei i?ioeannii. Iaaeinoaoi/ii i?inoi iaia?oaeeoue aeaoaeou e
ono?aiyoue eo. Iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue i?e/eiu, eioi?ua aucuaatho yoe
aeaoaeou. Eiiieaeniia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii iiaeao iiii/ue ?aai/ei
auyaeoue, a caoai e ono?aieoue yoe i?e/eiu.
Eiiieaeniia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii ane?uaaao eaiaeu nayce aioo?e oe?iu,
aeaaay i?eoie naaaeaai aicaeooa. Eiiieaeniia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii
iicaieyao iaia?oaeeoue ioeac, i?aaeaea /ai ii i?eaaaeao e eaoano?ioa,
iineieueeo ana i?eaueee aiai?eoue ioe?iaaiii, iiiiaaoue ae?oa ae?oao.
Eiiieaeniia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii aeaao aiciiaeiinoue ioaeaeo
i?iaeoe?iaaiey i?iaeoeoeee e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio ioaeaeo oiaei e oi/ii
neaaeiaaoue iaiythueiny aeonai e iiceoeeyi caeac/eea, n oai /oiau
auioneaaiay i?iaeoeoeey iineaaeiaaoaeueii oaeiaeaoai?yea eo cai?inai.
Eiiieaeniia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii i?iieeaao a niciaiea ethaeae e
iiiiaaao auyaeoue eiaeioth eioi?iaoeeth. Iii iiiiaaao oe?iai ecaaaeaoue
eniieueciaaiea ioeai/iuo aeaiiuo i auionea e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.
«Ciaiea – neea» – aio eicoia eiiieaeniiai oi?aaeaieai ea/anoaii.
Iniiaiua eaeaaeu aiieiuaiiua a QC, iiaeii e?aoei ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue oae:
) Anoanoaaiiie iio?aaiinoueth eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea yaeyaony aeinoeaeaiey
niaa?oainoaa a ?aaioa. Anee ia iei inouanoaeyoue i?aaeeueiia
?oeiaiaenoai e iiiu?youe, ii iiaeao niaa?oainoaiaaoue naith ?aaioo
aaneiia/ii.
) Ethaee, auiieiythuea eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth ?aaioo, – ianoiyuea a iae
niaoeeaeenou. Nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai aeaoaeae a ?aaioa, auiieiyaiuo
iai?aaeeueii, e i?ioanneiiaeu iiaoo aianoe oeaiiia i?aaeeiaeaiea ii
ono?aiaieth o?oaeiinoae e oeo/oaieth nenoaiu i?iecaiaenoaa.
) ?aai/ea iaaeaeaiu oiii e aiia?aaeaieai. Iie iaeaaeatho aeineiiaeueiui
ciaieai ?aaiou e niioaaonoaaiii ianoa?noaii. Iie no?aiyony e oniaoo e ia
aiyony ioaaonoaaiiie ?aaiou. Anee eo iao/aoue iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ea/anoai naiae ?aaiou, iiaeii iieo/eoue ac?ua
oai?/aneie aeoeaiinoe a i?aaiecaoeee.
) E?oaeae ea/anoaa – yoi ia iaoaie/aneay iaoeia, a iai?a?uaiue
i?ioeann. Ii eiaao aeaa ioee/eoaeueiua, ii aeiiieiythuea ae?oa ae?oaa
/a?ou. N iaeiie noi?iiu, yoi ia?aciaaoaeueiue e iiciaaaoaeueiue
i?ioeann. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, yoi i?ioeann, eioi?ue niaeaenoaoao o/anoeth
?aai/eo a ia?ii?eyoeyo, cao?aaeaathueo eo iianaaeiaaioth ?aaioo. Yoi
iaania/eaaao iniiao aeey acaeiiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa iaiaaeaeiaioa e
?aai/eo.
Ca aeeaae a aeinoeaeaiea aunieeo ?acoeueoaoia a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey
ea/anoaii aaeaaiaeii n 1951 aiaea a ssiiiee a?o/atho i?aiee O. Y.
Aeaieiaa – iniiaaoaey, eae n/eoaaony, oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii a ssiiiee.
A nayce n iinoiyiii eciaiythueieny aeonaie, iio?aaiinoyie ethaeae e
iiyaeaieai iiauo oaoiieiaee io ?oeiaiaeeoaeae o?aaoaony iinoiyiiay
ia?ano?ieea naiiniciaiey e i?eaioe?iaie, eioi?ua a naiii iauai aeaea
iiaoo auoue noi?ioee?iaaiu oae:
I?aaeaea anaai – ea/anoai, a ia e?aoeia?aiaiiua i?eauee
Aeaaiue /aeiaae – iio?aaeoaeue, oi anoue ioaeii noiyoue ia oi/ea c?aiey
eiia/iiai iieueciaaoaey.
Neaaeothuee yoai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna – iio?aaeoaeue oaiae
i?iaeoeoeee. Yoio eicoia iicaieee ono?aieoue aa?uea?u e ?aciauaiiinoue
iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie noaaeeyie aeeciaiiiai oeeeea i?iaeoeoeee
Eioi?iaoeeiiiia iaania/aiea e i?eiaiaiea yeiiiieei-iaoaiaoe/aneeo
iaoiaeia aeaeaao i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiee niieieiui, yooaeoeaiui e
aieaa oai?/aneei caiyoeai.
*aeiaae a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey – aiaea/aiea anao aac eneeth/aiey
?aaioieeia a i?ioeann oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiia oi?aaeaiea.
VI. I?ionithcu a ssiiiee
I?eia/aoaeueiu o?e iniiaiua /a?ou yiiineeo i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee:
ai-ia?auo, iiaeeciaiiay caiyoinoue, ai-aoi?uo, aeeyiea noaaea ia ieeaaeu
e ca?ieaoo e, a-o?aoueeo, i?aaiecaoeey i?ionithcia. A ssiiiee aeey
?aai/aai aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e oe?ia, a ia ?iae
caiyoee. ssiiineee ?aai/ee neaaeao, /oi ii i?eiaaeeaaeeo «Oeoa/e»,
iioii, /oi ?aaioaao ia caaiaea «Oeoa/e», e oieueei iioii, /oi ?aaioaao
yeaeo?eeii. Iiyoiio ia yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoeyo oieueei iaeei i?ionithc.
A NOA, Aiaeee, Eoaeee e ae?oaeo no?aiao iaiaaeaea?u i?iiuoeaiiuo oe?i
iuouatho ana aieueoea o?oaeiinoe a oi?aaeaiee ia?niiaeii. Noaiiaeony ana
o?oaeiaa aiaae?youe iiaua iaoiaeu e oaoieeo. I?ionithcu anaaaea a
iiiiceoeee e iaiaaeaeiaioo. Iau/ii io i?ionithcia ooaeaaaony aaaeiay
eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay yaeyaony eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie. A yoie aoiinoa?a
eiioeeeoia e iiaeic?aiee iaaeaao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea.
Ia yiiineie eiiiaiee NOK ana yoe o?oaeiinoe auee i?aiaeieaiu ia iniiaa
acaeiiiiieiaiey e eiiia?aoeee iaaeaeo iaiaaeaeiaioii e i?ionithcaie. Yoi
i?eaaei e nicaeaieth «Niaecyieae». «Niaecyieae» – i?aaenoaaeoaeueiue
i?aai ?aai/eo, eioi?ue ia?eiaee/anee ono?aeaaao ano?a/e aeey
ianoaeaeaiey eioa?ania ?aai/eo, ca?ieaou e aeaaininoiyiey. Ii ia yoii
ooieoeee iauanoaa ia ia?aie/eaathony – iii caieiaaony i?aaiecaoeeae
aeinoaa ?aai/eo, o/anoaoao ia nia?aieyo iaiaaeaeiaioa a ianoaeaeaiee
i?iaeai (ii?ie aeaaea eiioeaeaioeeaeueiuo) aeciana, a ?aoaiey
i?eieiathony iooai acaeiiiai niaeaney.
ssiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio i?eieiaao i?ionithc eae caeiiiiai iin?aaeieea
iaaeaeo oi?aaeaieai e ?aai/eie a aii?inao ca?aaioiie ieaou. Ii
iineieueeo i?ionithcu a ssiiiee ia ?acaeaeythony ii i?ioanneyi, a
yaeythony nithcii ?aai/eo iaeiie oe?iu, oi iie ?acaeaeytho oaeea
oeaiiinoe iaiaaeaeiaioa, eae i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, i?eaueueiinoe e
?ino. Yoi ia icia/aao, /oi i?ionithcu ?aaieainoaotho: iie nio?aiytho
naith iacaaeneiinoue. Iie iinoiyiii neaaeyo ca i?aaeeueiui niaethaeaieai
anao niaeaniaaiiuo ii?i.
I?ionithcu ioaeatho naaa iieiue io/ao a oii, /oi ?aai/ea iiaoo iiauneoue
naie o?iaaiue aeecie oieueei iooai iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe,
iiyoiio iie ia/aee nio?oaeie/aoue n iaiaaeaeiaioii. Iaiaoiaeeii
iinoiyiiia iauaaeeiaiiia eiinoeueoe?iaaiea ii anai aii?inai,
ieacuaathuei aeeyiea ia i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue. I?ioeann iiaea?iecaoeee
ia i?yiieeiaai. Iiaeao aicieeiooue ia?aecauoie ?aai/ae neeu. Ii ana yoe
i?iaeaiu ?aoathony iooai nio?oaeie/anoaa. I?ionithcu a ssiiiee iinoiyiii
euoo iooe e iaoiaeu oeo/oaiey aeecie ?aai/eo aac oua?aa aeey oe?iu. Iie
iiieiatho, /oi oneiaey aeecie ?aai/eo a eiia/iii n/aoa caaenyo io
i?ioeaaoaiey oe?iu. Iie e?eoe/anee eco/atho e i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
iiaeaa?aatho niiiaieth oeaee e iieeoeeo iaiaaeaeiaioa. Oaeei ia?acii,
iie iiaoo ?acaeaaoue eiino?oeoeaiua ioiioaiey n iaiaaeaeiaioii,
nio?oaeie/ay n iei. Nithcu iinoiyiii eiieo?e?otho n iaiaaeaeiaioii a
nioeeaeueiie e aeaaioai?eoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?ionithcu a ssiiiee
iinoiyiii no?aiyony iiauoaoue o?iaaiue niciaoaeueiinoe ?aai/eo.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi cia/eiinoue, ?ano?nu e aeanoue iaiaaeaeiaioa
ianiiinoaaeiu n ?ano?naie i?ionithcia. Ii eeaea?u nithca e iaiaaeaeiaio
?acaeaeytho aeaa iniiaiuo i?aaeiieiaeaiey: ai-ia?auo, i?ioeaaoaiea oe?iu
nicaeaao oneiaey aeey ?aoaiey ae?oaeo caaea/, a, ai-aoi?uo, iaiaaenoue
ae?oa e ae?oao ieeiio ia eaeao ia iieueco.
A oeaeii, a ssiiiee iaiueoa aeaeia e i?aoaicee e iaiaaeaeiaioo ii aeaoi
iniiaiui i?e/eiai: ai-ia?auo, yiiineee ?aai/ee ia /oanoaoao naay
i?eoaniaiiui, ai-aoi?uo, ii n/eoaao naith ?aaioo aieaa aaaeiui aeaeii,
iaaeaee i?aaa eee oaaaeaeaiey. Enoiee yoiai e?iyony a oii, /oi
oi?aaeythuea yiiineeo oe?i oaeaeytho ia?iiiia aieiaiea aeaaininoiyieth
naieo ?aai/eo. Yoi, anoanoaaiii, iiauoaao eo aeiaa?ea eae e
iaiaaeaeiaioo, oae e e i?ionithcai.
VII. ?ieue yiiineie oeeinioee, enneonoaa
Aecai «aeeaaeuaaaony» ai ana, naiaiaeii e oeaeeeii, e aeaenoaoao
naiicaaaaiii e aac iaeyaeee. Ii ia niaoeaaao aeooiaiinoue n ?aciuoeaieai
i Aiaa ai a?aiy /enoee ea?oioee. Aeooiaiinoue Aecai – eae ?ac a oii,
/oiau i?inoi /enoeoue ea?oioeo.
Aeai Oion
Enneaaeoy enoi/ieee yiiineie oeeinioee iaiaaeaeiaioa, iaiaoiaeeii
oiiiyiooue ia y?a Oieoaaau, eiaaea yiiineay eoeueoo?a iinea
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai i?ioeanna anneieeyoeee eeoaeneeo o?aaeeoeee
aeinoeaea, iaeiiaoe, naiaai eeanne/aneiai au?aaeaiey. Iai?eia?, Neoae
ssiiiioi a eieaa «Aeoo yiiineiai eaieoaeecia» ia?aoeeny e ee/iinoe
Niecaia Noaecoee, aecaineiai oeeinioa, iaeiiai ec oao oai?aoeeia oiai
a?aiaie, aeeyiea eaeae eioi?uo iaia?oaeeaaaony e a nia?aiaiiie
oi?aaeai/aneie iunee. Ana o/aiea Noaecoee auei iai?aaeaii ia ?ac?aoaiea
eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeee, n eioi?uie noaeeeaaeenue e?anoueyia e
?aianeaiieee a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Aai ciaiaieoue aoi?eci ia?aaiaeeony
i?eaeeceoaeueii oae: «Eiaaea iu aoyaeaaainy a ie?neea aeaea, iu
i?iaeieaeaai i?eaea?aeeaaoueny ?aeeaeiciuo iau/aaa». Aai o/aiea,
io?aaeathuaa eo/oea o?aaeeoeee aecai-aoaeaeecia, aei neo ii? nio?aiyaony
a niciaiee yiiioea. A. Eineii ioia/aao: «Y?a Oieoaaau caaauaea
nia?aiaiiie ssiiiee eae niiniaiinoue auno?uo i?aia?aciaaiee, oae e
aeenoeeieeio e ii?yaeie a iaeciaiiii aeaeaeaiee ii iooe
niaa?oainoaiaaiey». Aaaeue aecyi-aoaeaeeci, ii neiaai Ae.Noaecoee, — yoi
“e?enoaeeecaoeey anae oeeinioee, ?aeeaee e naiie aeecie Aeaeueiaai
Ainoiea, e a iniaaiiinoe ssiiiee”.
Niune aecyi — eiooeoeaiia i?iieeiiaaiea a i?e?iaeo aauae, oi noue
naoi?e. Aai ia?aia oneiaea — “i?ic?aiea a iiciaiee nianoaaiiie
i?e?iaeu”, iicaieythuaa /aeiaaeo ii?aaeaeeoue iai?aaeaiea naiaai
aeaeaeaiy, oi/ee eiioeaio?aoeee naieo oneeee. “Aecyi, — ieoao
oaaeoea?neee ineoieia E.A.THia, o?aaoao oia e neeu aiee, eae an? aaeeeia
e an?, /aio aeieaeii inouanoaeoueny”. Aaneiia/iay aa?a a niiniaiinoue
/aeiaaea i?iieeiooue a naiua iniiau aeecie, a aeoaeiu aauae e
ninoaaeyao nooue aecyi.
Aeey yiiineiai iauanoaa ia i?ioyaeaiee noieaoee oa?aeoa?ai naiaai ?iaea
eoeue o?oaea, i?aa?auaiea ?aaiou e neoaeau, ia ?an/eoaiiuo ia ?aeeaio e
iioaaeo, a ?aeeaeiciue eaeaae. E ?acaa ia iaoiaeea aeey iaiaaeaea?a oio
eiiieaen i??iia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo ainieouaaaony niiniaiinoue
iieiinoueth ioaeaoueny aeaeo, nin?aaeioi/eoueny ia oii, /oi i?ienoiaeeo
“caeanue e oaia?ue”? N aeaaieo a?ai?i aecyi ?anniao?eaaao iianaaeiaaiue
o?oae a ea/anoaa anee ia iniiaiiai, oi, ai anyeii neo/aa iaeiiai ec
oneiaee aeinoeaeaiey i?inaaoeaiey. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, aecyi
i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi iinooeaiooia ioo?i niieieiuo ?aciuoeaiee iaycaoaeueii
aeieaeii auoue aiieiuaii a aeeciue. A iauaiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie aaaeiui
noaiiaeoueny no?aieaiea naiiio iiiyoue niaanaaeieea, acaeyiooue ia ie?
aai aeacaie, oioy au iaiiaaiea iiaeeoue aai aeeciueth.
Nouanoaoao iaiaei iauyniaiee oiai, /ai i?eoyaaoaeueii eneonnoai aeey
aecianiaia e /eiiaieea, iaeii ec ieo — iuneue Aiae?ay Ieaoiiiaa ia
eneonnoaa eae “aunoae oi?ia yeiiiiee”. ?acaeoia ynoaoe/aneia /oanoai
ia?aaeei iacuaatho iniiaie iaoeeiiaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a yiiioeaa. E iiuo
ssiiiee eioa?anai oai, /oi oai i?iecaiaeeiue oiaa? ian?o ia oieueei
ooeeeoa?ioth ooieoeeth, ii e oeaiiinoue ynoaoe/aneoth. Au? a 1955 aiaeo
aue nicaeai oeaio? ii aeecaeio a oaenoeeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a iicaea e
a ae?oaeo io?aneyo. N ai?aey 1963 aiaea i?iecaiaeeony aaeaaiaeii
aunoaaea oiaa?ia “Ciae ioee/iiai aeecaeia”, oiaa?u aeoeaii iieacuaaeenue
ia aunoaaeao a e?oiiaeoeo ai?iaeao, niiauaee aacaou, ?aaeei,
oaeaaeaeaiea. E.Iaoeoneoa ?anniao?eaaao oi?aaeaiea eae iaeei ec aeaeia
eneonnoaa. E?iia oiai, oeiaine?iaaiea eoeueoo?iuo aeoeee iiieii
aeaaioai?eoaeueiuo , ian?o e ?aeeaiiua oeaee.
Caeeth/aiea
Aani?eioeeiiia neeaaeiaaiea caiaaeiiio ia?aco iuoeaiey aac o/?oa
?aaeueiinoae, aac iinoaiia-ee aii?ina i oii, eaeea eiaiii yeaiaiou
iiaea?iecaoeee ieacuaathony yooaeoeaiuie a iauanoaa, ?acaeaoeiny a eiuo
enoi?e/aneeo oneiaeyo, eeoaao aiciiaeiinoe iauaeoeaii niio?aoue ia aaue.
Naeaece Oeoeoie
ssiiiey – iaeaiueeay no?aia. Ieioiinoue ianaeaiey auniea. ?ano?nu
ia?aie/aiu. I?e?iaeiua eaoaeeeciu aucuaatho /oanoai iianiinoe. Iiyoiio o
yiiioeaa ino?ia /oanoai iaiaoiaeeiinoe iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaeeinoaa. Iie a
iieiie ia?a iniciatho, /oi eo auaeeaaiea caaeneo io aaeeinoaa e
nioeeaeueiie niei/aiiinoe.
ssiiioeu ?aaioatho a?oiiie aieaa yooaeoeaii, /ai aa?iiaeoeu, iniaaiii
eiaaea ia?aae ieie iinoaaeaia neiaeiay caaea/a. Aeaaea i?eiyoea ?aoaiee
inouanoaeyaony a ssiiiee iooai a?oiiiaiai eiinainona.
Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ssiiiey – no?aia ia?aaeienia. Caeanue ioaa?aatho
ee/iinoue eae ioaeaeueiiai eiaeeaeaeooia, ii i?iyaeytho oaaaeaiea e
iiaieth eaaeaeiai.
A naiae eieaa «Eneonnoai yiiineiai oi?aaeaiey» A. Aoin e ?. Ianeaeue
ioia/atho : «ssiiioeu ?anniao?eaatho eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea eae eiathuaai
yeiiiie/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, ineoieiae/aneea e aeooiaiua iio?aaiinoe,
oae aea, eae yoi aeaeatho e aia?eeaineea ?oeiaiaeeoaee, eiaaea
niaoeeaeueii caaeoiuaathony iaae yoei. Ii yiiineea ?oeiaiaeeoaee
iieaaatho, /oi eo caaea/ae yaeyaony oaeaeyoue eae iiaeii aieueoa
aieiaiey eiaiii /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe, ia noieue nin?aaeioa/eaaynue ia
ae?oaeo einoeoooao (oaeeo, eae i?aaeoaeuenoai, naiuey eee ?aeeaey)». I?e
yoii naiuey aeey yiiioeaa – oi?ia nouanoaiaaiey. I?e aeinoaoi/ii
aeanoeie aa?oeeaeueiie ea?a?oee, iao «iaiaeanoaeaiey» ?oeiaiaeeoaey – ii
«aeinyaaai». ssiiioeu i?iyaeytho oaaaeaiea ia e ianoo, eioi?ia caieiaao
oio eee eiie /aeiaae, a e oiio, /oi eiie?aoiia ii naeaeae a aeecie, e
aai iiuoo.
ssiiiaoe aeenoeeieeie?iaai, iuneeo eioa?anaie a?oiiu e niiniaai ia
yeno?ai?aeeia?iua oneeey aeey aeinoeaeaiey iauaai aeaaa. ssiiioeu –
oeaeaono?aieaiiua ethaee. Iie oioyo niaa?oainoaiaaoue naay aei
aaneiia/iinoe. Iie aioiau oii?ii ?aaioaoue ?aaee yoie oeaee. Yoi
no?aieaiea e niaa?oainoao i/aiue iiiiaei yiiineiio iaiaaeaeiaioo a
eioaa?aoeee aa?iiaeneiai iiuoa oi?aaeaiey a o?aaeeoeeiiioth yiiineoth
eoeueoo?o.
«ssiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio eco/ee e aia?ae a naay nia?aiaiiua i?eioeeiu e
iaoiaeu n yia?aeae, a?aie/auae n aeaaeiinoueth», – neacae Nonoia
Oaeaiey, aeaeai oaeoeueoaoa yeiiiieee Oieeeneiai Oieaa?neoaoa. – «Ii
oniaoii acyeny ca /aou?a iniiaiua i?iaeaiu – oaoiieiae/aneoth
eiiiaaoeeth, eiaeono?eaeecaoeeth, aeaiie?aoecaoeeth e
eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeeth. Ana yoi ia iia?aaeeei oaeei eoeueoo?iui
oeaiiinoyi, eae a?oiiiaia niciaiea e oaaaeaiea noa?oeo». Iiaeiiaaiea a
ssiiiee i?eieiaao oi?io iieiiai iiae/eiaiey.
ssiiineia iauanoai iiaeaeaii ia ioaeaeueiua einoeooou ia ai?eciioaeueii,
a aa?oeeaeueii. I?aaei?eyoea yaeyaony iaeiei ec oaeeo einoeoooia.
Iaiaaeaea?u e ?aaioieee iiaoo eiaoue ?aciiaeaney, ii yoi /enoi
aioo?aiiea aeaea oe?iu. E oa e ae?oaea niio?yo ia eiieo?e?othuea oe?iu
eae ia naieo caeeyouo a?aaia. Eaaeaeay oe?ia no?aieoueny auoue ia?aie a
naiae noa?a. I?anoeae cia/eo aieueoa, /ai i?eaueue.
A yiiineeo i?aaiecaoeeyo eeaea? caieiaao naiue ioaaonoaaiiue iino. Ii
niea/eaaao eiiaiaeo. Ii iiaeaaeyao aioo?aiiea eiioeeeou. Aai aeanoue
i?eieiaaony anaie aaciaiai?i/ii. Ionoonoaea aai iiaeao i?eaanoe e
ia/aeueiui ?acoeueoaoai: a?oiia oa?yao aaeeinoai e oiiao ai aioo?aiieo
?acaei?ao.
Aaoi?eoao e aeanoue a ssiiiee caaenyo io noaaea, a ia io caneoa.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia anaaaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeue yaeyaony eiiiaoaioiui
/aeiaaeii. Ii /anoi ia iiaeao iauynieoue oiieinoe naiaai aeciana –
ianoiyuay ?aaioa inouanoaeyaony aai iiae/eiaiiuie. Eeaea? aeieaeai
oi?ioi oi?aaeyoue ethaeueie. Ii aeieaeai auoue niiniaai aiiaeooaaeyoue
naith eiiaiaeo, aeieaeai oiaoue aucaaoue e nio?aieoue ethaiaue e
i?aaeaiiinoue naiaai ia?niiaea.
ssiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio acuaaao e anoanoaaiiui caei?iaui einoeieoai
?aaioieeia aeey ?acaeoey eo oai?/anoaa, ianoa?noaa e niciaoaeueiinoe.
O/aaiay i?ia?aiia – yoi noeioee?iaaiea nio?oaeie/anoaa a ?aaioa. Iia
iiaeeecoao ciaiey e iiuo anae a?oiiu. Iia aua aieueoa niea/eaaao aa e
?acaeaaao aeoo nio?oaeie/anoaa. AEaeaiea ecaaaeaoue ?aaiou n
ii?aaaeaieai, /oi «yoi ia iiy ?aaioa», i?iiaaeaao, aianoi yoiai
aicieeaao aioiaiinoue ianoe aeiiieieoaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue.
A oa/aiea 30-40 eao iineaaiaiiiai ?acaeoey yiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio e
yiiineay iiaeaeue yeiiiieee iicaieyee no?aia yooaeoeaii iiaeeeciaaoue
ee/iinoiue e iauanoaaiiue iioaioeeae ia?iaea aeey ?aaeecaoeee
iinoiyiiiai ?inoa i?iecaiaenoaa, iaaeiiouaiey /?acia?iiai iauanoaa e
i?aaeioa?auaiey eca?auaiey nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee iiae
aeeyieai e?eieiaeueiuo yeaiaioia.
Iiieiaiea yiiineiai iaiaaeaeiaioa iaaa?iyea iiiiaeao ?inneeneei
oicyenoaaiieeai, yeiiiienoai, aecianiaiai aeoaaea ?acia?aoueny a
i?iaeaiao yeiiiieee naiae no?aiu, aeano aiciiaeiinoue e
niaa?oainoaiaaieth i?iecaiaenoaa. Oai aieaa, /oi i?aaei?eyoey,
?aaioathuea «ii-yiiinee» oaea nicaeaiu a NOA, Aaeeeia?eoaiee, Iaeaecee,
Oaeeaiaea e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo no?aiao. Iaeei ec i?eia?ia – aa?iaineee
eiioea?i «Ii?oa», ieacaaoeeny e 1992 aiaeo ia a?aie aaie?ionoaa. Iiiiuue
yiiineie eiinaeoeiaiaie oe?iu, ninoiyuae ec auaoeo neoaeaueo «Oieiou»,
aeaea aeanoyuee ?acoeueoao: auione aaoiiaoei oaaee/eeny, /eneaiiinoue
ia?niiaea oiaiueoeeanue ia 19%, caieiaaiay oa??eoi?ey – ia 30%,
iiyaeeanue i?eaueue, oaaee/eeny anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee.
Iaeaaeaiea noa?aeiai yiiineiai iaiaaeaeiaioa – ioeac io oceie
niaoeeaeecaoeeei, oieaa?naeueiia ?acaeoea ?aaioieea e naycaiiua n oaeei
?acaeoeai noaaeeueiay caiyoinoue, ?ioaoeey eaae?ia aiooe oe?iu, iao/aiea
a i?ioeanna ?aaiou e o.ae.– iaiaoiaeeii eaaeaeie oe?ia, aeaeathuae ia
oieueei i?aoniaoue, ii e oioy au nouanoaiaaoue.
Eniieueciaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a
Eai?o E. , ssiiineea iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii. – I: Yeiiiieea, 1988.
Iao?oniaa O.I., ssiiiey: iaoa?eaeueiia noeioee?iaaiea a oe?iao. – I:
Iaoea , 1992.
Ioaiieeia A.A., ssiiineee iaiaaeaeiaio. 27 o?ieia aeey ian. I.:
ecae.«ssiiiey naaiaeiy» – 1997 a.
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