Nicaeaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ii?yaeea ec oaina: naiiiaiiaeaiea a yiiineeo
oe?iao
Eeooe?i Iiiaea
Ia?. Aiioeia Na?aay
Naiiiaiiaeaiea i?aaiecaoeee neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue eae i?ioeann
?ac?ooaiey noa?iai i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ii?yaeea e nicaeaiea iiaiai.
Iiiyoea ii?yaeea iiae?acoiaaaao oei i?aaiecaoeeiiiie e eioi?iaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?u, eioi?ua aeeytho ia iiaeaeue iiaaaeaiey aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee, a
oii /enea iiaeaeue ?ano?niiai iaania/aiey, i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u,
nenoai, i?ioeannia e eoeueoo?u. Aac neiia nouanoaothuaai e iino?iaiey
iiaiai ii?yaeea ia iiaeao auoue naiiiaiiaeaiey.
Ii?yaeie e ?aaiiaanea
Oi?aaeai/aneea oai?ee iienuaatho, eae i?aaeei, niiniau nio?aiaiey
i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ii?yaeea e nio?aiaiea aioo?aiiaai e aiaoiaai
?aaiiaaney. Nooue iaiaaeaeiaioa ecia/aeueii ninoiyea a iienea e ?acaeoee
n?aaenoa eiio?iey iiaaaeaiey ?aai/eo aioo?e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiiai
i?ioeanna. Oi?aaeaiea iniiauaaeinue ia ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiee ?aai/aai
a?aiaie e eco/aiee ?aai/eo aeaeaeaiee.
Yeoii Iaei e ?ioeenaa?aa?, inia?eaay nouanoaothuoth oi/eo c?aiey,
ioia/aee /?acia?iinoue eiio?iey ni noi?iiu iao/iiai oi?aaeaiey a
Oaaoi?ineii yenia?eiaioa e aiai?eee, /oi iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai aieueoa
ia?auaoue aieiaiey ia aioo?aiiiee ie? ?aaioieea, oae aea, eae e ia
nioeeaeueiua iaauee. Iie iaia?aaaeenue iieacaoue ?ieue iaoi?iaeueiuo
a?oii a oi?iaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo e aaaeiinoue nio?aiaiey ?aaiiaaney
iaaeaeo oi?iaeueiuie e iaoi?iaeueiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie.
Aa?aa?o Naeii, iniciaa ia?aie/aiiinoue /aeiaa/aneie niiniaiinoe
aini?eyoey eioi?iaoeee, no?aieeny iaieoe i?aaeaeu /aeiaa/aneeo
aiciiaeiinoae iooai oaeeo /a?o i?aaiecaoeee, eae ea?a?oey, ?acaeaeaiea
o?oaea, ioeaaeaiiinoue i?ioeannia. Ii iiaeaea?aeeaae nicaeaiea
noaaeeueiie no?oeoo?u, n/eoay, yoi aa ionoonoaea aaaeao e eiioeeeoai e
oaino. Naeiii n/eoae, /oi i?aaiecaoeey eiaao no?oeoo?o aei oao ii?, iiea
nouanoaoao i?aaeae aiciiaeiinoae /aeiaa/aneiai iicaa.
A aeaeueiaeoai oai?ey aa?iyoiinoe ?ani?ino?aieea eiioeaioeeth Naeiiia ia
no?oeoo?iua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaiecaoeeae e aiaoiae n?aaeie. Iieo/eea
i?eciaiea eiioeaioeey eiiieaeniie aaeaioaoeee, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie,
no?oeoo?a, nenoaiu, i?ioeannu e ?ano?nu i?aaiecaoeee i?ecaaiu
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n iinoiyii iaiythuaeny aiaoiae n?aaeie. Yoi
icia/aao, /oi /ai oaniaa naycaiiu ie?uaeathua n?aaea, i?aaiecaoeeiiiay
no?oeoo?a, ee/iinoiua oa?aeoa?enoeee e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua i?ioeannu, oai
aieaa ooieoeeiiaeueiie yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey.
?acaeoea oai?ee no?aoaae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey i?eaaei e iiyaeaieth
eiioeaioeee eiiieaeniuo naycae. Iniiao no?aoaae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey,
i?iecioaaeoaai io eiioeaioeee “iaeiieaiiiai iiuoa” a i?ioeanna aa
iia?aoeeiiaeecaoeee, ninoaaeyao aeinoeaeaiea aaeaina iaaeaeo
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ?uiea, ?ano?niui iaania/aieai, i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?ie, nenoaiaie e oeiaie eeaea?noaa. Yoio aaeain aeinoeaaaony
iooai i/aiue neiaeiiai nenoaiaoe/aneiai i?ioeanna.
Ii?yaeie, iniiaaiiue ia eieaaaieyo
A i?ioeaiaan yoei oai?eyi iaaeaaii iiyaeeenue iiaeaee, eioi?ua eceaaatho
?ieue iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e oaina aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee oae, Ea?e Aaeo
n/eoaao, /oi aioo?e ii?yaeea aeieaeiu eiaoue ianoi oaioe/iua i?ioeannu,
oae eae iie eo/oa ioaa/atho oaioe/iie i?e?iaea ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Iu
iiaeai iiiyoue, /oi iaiaoiaeeii aeaeaoue, oieueei iin?aaenoaii
yenia?eiaioia, oi anoue eaeeo-eeai aeaenoaee. N yoie oi/ee c?aiey
i?aaiecaoeey i?eniinaaeeaaaony e ie?oaeathuae n?aaea iin?aaenoaii
“oaioe/iuo aeaenoaee” nei?aa, /ai n iiiiuueth “aacaeaenoaothuaai
(iaaeoeaiiai) i?ioeanna”. Ia?/ e Ianai ?anniao?eaaee i?ioeann i?eiyoey
?aoaiee n oi/ee c?aiey “i?aaiecaoeeiiiie aia?oee” e iiae/a?eeaaee
cia/eiinoue iaoiaea i?ia e ioeaie a n?aaiaiee n ?????? /enoi
aiaeeoe/aneiai ?aoaiey i?iaeai.
Iaeiaei yoe aioe?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneea iiaeaee ia iiaenoaaioee ?acaeoea
oai?ee niaiu nouanoaothuaai ii?yaeea eae naiiiaiiaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee.
Iniiaiua i?eioeuiu aeeiaieee ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoe aicieeee ia ec
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oai?ee, a ec ae?oaeo aaceniuo aeenoeeieei. A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy iaeaieaa ecaanoiua i?eioeeiu, eanathueany naiii?aaiecaoeee
noi?ioee?iaaiiu anoanoaaiiuie iaoeaie.
Oeceee i?eaueee ?anniao?eaaoue oa?iiaeeiaie/aneoth iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoue
eae a?aiaiiia ia?ooaiea ?aaiiaaney, aianoi oiai, /oiau iiiuoaoueny
oaeaeaoue caeanue /oi-oi iiaia. Iaeiaei Eeuey I?eaiaeei
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaae, /oi iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoue iiaeao auoue enoi/ieeii
niiioaiiiai oi?ie?iaaiey ii?yaeea eee i?aaiecaoeee. Iiaue i?eioeei,
iienuaathuee ii?yaeie, noae iacuaaoueny “ii?yaeie ec iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoe”
eee “ii?yaeie ec oaina”. Ioe?uoua nenoaiu iinoiyii aa?oo naiaiaeioth
yia?aeth ec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e nicaeatho yio?iieth. Yio?iiey, a
i?ioeaiaan cae?uoui nenoaiai, ia?auaia e oiio aea eee aeaaea iecoaio
o?iaith nenoaiu.
A oneiaeyo iinoiyiiiai iaiaia aauanoa n ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie, nenoaia
iinoiyii iaiiaeyaony. AEeaua nenoaiu iiaoo auoue ?anniio?aiu eae
nenoaiu, iniiaaiiua ia iinoiyiiie iaonoie/eaie naiii?aaiecaoeee.
Oieaa?naeueiua i?ioeannu, eaaeauea a iniiaa oi?ie?iaaiey ii?yaeea,
iiaeii iienaoue neaaeothuei ia?acii: a ?aieao nenoaiu yeeiaiou
iiaeaa?aeaiu eaeaaaieyi. Iie acaeiiaeaenoaotho n nanaaeieie yeaiaioaie e
noaeeeaathony n ieie, aucuaay oneeaiey eaeaaaiey. Eiaaea ec yoiai
yaeaiey aeeiaie/aneie eiiia?aoeee ia/eiaao aicieeaoue iae?ineiie/aneee
iauaeo, eiaao ianoi ia?aoiay naycue n eaaeaeui yeaiaioii, e
acaeiiaeaenoaea iiaaoaaony. Oaeei ia?acii, niiioaii oi?ie?oaony
ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie e auiieiythony ii?aaeaeaiiay ooieoeey, ninoiyuay
a oi?ie?iaaiee noaaeeueiiai ii?yaeea. Eiaaea ii?yaeie oeene?oaony, a
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie nenoaia niiaa aiciaiiaeyaony iiaeiaea iai?a?uaiuo
i?ioeannia.
Cicaeaiea ciaiee eioi?iaoeee
Oaeei ia?acii, naiii?aaieciaaiiay nenoaia oi?ie?oao ii?yaeie
iin?aaenoaii eieaaaiee, ecae?aoaeueii ?aaae?oy ia eioi?iaoeeth ec
ie?oaeathuae N?aaeu. Iiiyoea ii?yaeea ioaaouaaao ia oieueei oece/aneea
i?eciaee i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? e nenoai; oaeaea iii aeeth/aao oaeea
iaioaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, eae eiioeaioeee, nenoaia oeaiiuo
i?eaioaoeee, niiniau aini?eyoey ie?a.
Eaeea au i?ioeannu ia aaee e iiyaeaieth i?aaiecaoeee, a ethaii neo/aa
nicaeaaony eioi?iaoeey. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi nooue nicaeaiey
i?aaiecaoeee a nicaeaiee eioi?iaoeee. Oi?aaeaiea niiii?aia?aciaaieai
i?aaiecaoeee, oae aea, eae e oi?ie?iaaiea ii?yaeea, iaoneiaeaii
eioi?iaoeeiiiuie oneiaeyie.
Aeey oi?ie?iaaiey ii?yaeea iaiaoiaeeia nei?aa naiaioe/aneay, /ai
neioaeoe/aneay eioi?iaoeey. Neioaeoe/aneay eioi?iaoeey (oece/aneay
eioi?iaoeey Oaiiiia) ecia?yaony a aeoao e ia eiaao aioo?aiiaai niunea.
Oeie/iue i?eia? – eioi?iaoeey o?aieiay a eiiiuethoa?a a caeiaee?iaaiiie
e eiee/anoaaiii ecia?aiiie oi?ia. Iaiai?io, aeey naiaioe/aneie
eioi?iaoeee aaaeii aa aeooaeueiia cia/aiea. Ianiio?y ia o?oaeiinoe,
aicieeathuea i?e aa ecia?aiee, yoio eiee/anoaaiiue aeae eioi?iaoeee
niiniaai eciaieoue iaoa aini?eyoea e iiaeeyoue ia iaoe aeaenoaey.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, nicaeaiea eioi?iaoeee neiaioe/ii iiyaeaieth niunea, /oi
a naith i/a?aaeue aaaeao e iiyaeaieth iiauo ia?niaeoea eee iiauo oi/ae
c?aiey e iicaieyao aueoe ia ea/anoaaiii eiie o?iaaiue i?aaiecaoeee e
eioa?i?eoaoeee eioi?iaoeee.
E iaeaieaa oeie/iui i?eia?ai i?ioeanna nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee iiaeii
ioianoe i?ioeann ?acaeoey iiaie no?aoaaee eee iiaiai i?iaeoeoa. Nicaeaa
?acoiioth no?aoaaeth e eiioeaioeeth i?iaeoeoa, eiiiaiey iieo/aao
aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeeoueny ec ?yaea naaa iiaeiaiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeiaei
nicaeaiea iiaie oi/ee c?aiey ia iaycaoaeueii aeieaeii i?ienoiaeeoue ia
o?iaia anao ioaeaeia i?aaiecaoeee. Eeanne/aneee i?eia? – nenoaia
“Eaiaai”, ?ac?aaioaiiay e aiaae?aiiay i?iecaiaenoaaiiui ioaeaeii
eiiiaiee Toyota. Aeecea ii niuneo aeayoaeueiinoue yiiineeo e?oaeeia
ea/anoaa. Ca/anooth iiaue acaeyae ia aaue aicieeaao a ?acoeueoaoa aieaa
aieiaoaeueiiai ioiioaiey e eaaeaeiio ?aai/aio i?ioeanno a oa/aiee aeiy.
Iinoiyiiia iaeiieaiea yoeo iaeeeo eciaiaiee aaaeao e aeiaaeueiie
?aoi?iaoeee anaai i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa. Nenoaiaoe/aneee iiene
aiciiaeiinoae aeey oeo/oaiey aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee ia eaaeaeii yoaia
yaeyaony oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie yiiineeo i?aaiecaoeee.
?acee/iua oeiu eioi?iaoeee, o/anoaotho a yoii i?ioeanna, eiieo?e?otho
ae?oa n ae?oaii e aeiiieiytho iaeei ae?oaiai; eiiaaea eiaao ianoi eo
acaeiiia ianiioaaonoaea. Oi/ii oaeei aea iooai eioi?iaoeey oi?ie?oaony e
ia aunoeo o?iaiyo, iaoneiaeeaay eciaiaiea iiciaaaoaeueiuo e
iiaaaeai/aneeo iiaeaeae i?aaiecaoeee. Oae i?iyaeyaony i?ioeann
naiiiaiiaeaiey eee yaiethoeee i?aaei?eyoey.
Iaeiaaeaeu noi?ie?iaaaoenue ,naiaioe/aneay eioi?iaoeey iuoaaony
naiii?aaieciaaoueny. Oaeei ia?acii, eioi?iaoeey ii?iaeaeaao
eioi?iaoeeth. A yoii niunea nicaeaiea eioi?iaoeee aaaeao e oiaiueoaieth
yio?iiee, eai anaaaea nouanoaotho aiciiaeiinoe e oi?ie?iaaieth ?acee/iuo
eiiaeiaoeee. I?aaiecaoeey, nicaeathuay eioi?iaoeeth, a i?aaiecaoeeiiiii
ii?yaeea eee eioi?iaoeee ia oain. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi /ai aieaa
aioo?aiiae no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee i?enoue eieaaaiey e oain, oai aieaa
aeayoaeueia iia a niunea iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee.
Caeanue oain acaeiiaeaenoaoao ni naiaiaeie, eieaaaieyie, aa?iyoiinoueth,
ecauoeii, aeaienoaaiiinoueth e iaiinoiyinoaii. Yoi iaoneiaeaii
iieiaeeoaeueiie ?ieueth eieaaaiee e oaina a niunea ?anoe?aiey niaeo?a
aiciiaeiinoae e oneeaiey i?aaiecaoeee a ieaia ?acaeoey aiia?aaeaiey e
oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo oi/ae c?aiey. Anee i?aaiecaoeey aeaeaao
naiiiaiiaeaiey, iia iinoiyiii aeieaeia iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ninoiyiea
iaonoie/eainoe. Anoanoaaiiay aeeiaieea i?inouo ?annayiuo no?oeoo?
i?iaicaeaoaao ia?aaeienaeueiue i?eioeei: /ai aieueoa naiaiaeu a
naiii?aaiecaoeee, oai aieueoa ii?yaeea. Ia?aaeien ninoieo a oii, /oi a
ioee/aa io ?aiaa nouanoaiaaaoeo acaeyaeia yoio i?eioeei ooaa?aeaeaao,
/oi iiaue ii?yaeie nicaeaaony iin?aaenoaii oaina
Oi?aaeaiea i?ioeannii nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee
Oain iiaeao auoue nicaeai eae aiaoiae n?aaeie, oae e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuie
aeaenoaeyie i?aaiecaoeee. A i?aaiecaoeee n ioe?uoie nenoaiie iaaeaeo
iaieie oeiaie oaina i?ienoiaeeo acaeiiaeaenoaea; iaeiaei a oeaeyo
nicaeaiey iiaiai ii?yaeea yooaeoeaiaa oeaeaiai?aaeaiii nicaeaaaoue
oaioe/iua nayce iaaeaeo i?aaiecaoeeae e aiaoiae n?aaeie.
Oai ia iaiaa, naii ii naaa nicaeaiea oaina ia aaaeao e iiyaeaieth iiauo
ia?niaeoea. Aeey nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee e eciaiaiey acaeyaeia
i?aaiecaoeee iaiaoiaeei aeeiaie/aneee i?ioeann, eioi?ue aicaoaeeo
eieaaaiey, oneeeo eo, nicaeaa oai naiui aeeiaie/aneia acaeiiaeaenoaea,
eioi?ia niiaeao a eiia/iii n/aoa ?aoeoue i?iaeaio iaiinoiyinoaa. Ni
a?aiaiai iaecaaaeai ?ino aeooaeueiinoe iiaeiaiiai nicaeaiey
eioi?iaoeee.Oiieia, ii a oi aea a?aiy i?i/iia e aeaeia oi?aaeaiea
i?ioeannii ii?aaeaeyao aaaeiinoue naiiiaiiaeaiey aeey i?aaei?eyoey.
Ieaea iiae?iaii ?anienai yoio i?ioeann. Eiioeaioeey, eceiaeaiiay ieaea,
iniiaaia ia eco/aiee i?ioeannia naiiiaiiaeaiey yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoee.
Nicaeaiea oaina
Oi?ie?iaaiea aea?ceeo, ii aeaenoaaiiuo acaeyaeia. Naiiiaiiaeaiea
eiiiaiee /anoi ia/eiaaony n oi?ie?iaaiey iiaie no?aoaaee (noa?u
aeayoaeueiinoe e/eee i?aaeiacia/aiey), eioi?ay caaeaao iniiaiie aii?in
“Aeey /aai iu aeeaai?” /eaiai i?aaiecaoeee. Oaeie acaeyae iiaeao
i?eaanoe e iieiiio eciaiaieth oi?aaeaiey a i?aaiecaoeee e ?aaeeeaeueiie
o?ainoi?iaoeee aa ia?niaeoea ii n?aaiaieth n nouanoaothueie. Ia?aaeei
yoi ieacuaaao aieueoaa aeeyiea ia oa oeaee, eioi?ua noaayony ia?aae
eiiiaieae. Oae, i?aaenaaeaoaeue “NEC” Eaaeaee Eiaayoe auaeaeioe
eiioeaioeeth “N and C”,nooue eioi?ie ninoiyea a ia?ai?eaioaoeee eiiiaiee
n iaeiiai ia aeaa iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe – eiiiuethoa?u e
eiiioieeaoeee.Eiioeaioeey aeoea- i?aaenaaeaoaey NTT ssnanoaee Eeoaoa?e,
iieo/eaoay iacaaiea INS – nenoaia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo naoae i?eaaea e
?ac?aaioea iiaiai iieieaiey oaeaoiiia e nicaeaieth iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiuo
nenoai oaeaeiiioieeaoeee a oeaeyo oaeiaeaoai?aiey iauanoaaiiiai ni?ina.
I?aceaeaio “Daiei” Enai Iaoaooe nicaeae eiioeaioeeth “Oeaiiaie
?ai?aaiecaoeee”, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie oeaiu ?aaoee?iaaeenue ia
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie, a ?ani?ino?aieoaeyie i?iaeoeoeee. I?aaenaaeaoaeue
Seibu Distribution Group Naeaeaee Onoonoie auaeaeioe eiioeaioeeth
“i?aaei?eyoey aeey a?aaeaeai” (Citizen Enterprise), ?ac?aoathuoth
i?ioeai?a/ey “oai?ey eaieoaea” e “oai?ey iauanoaaiiuo eioa?ania”,
i?enouea eiaeono?ee ?ani?ino?aiaiey. N oi/ee c?aiey niaoeeaeueii
nicaeaaaaiiai oaina, eo/oa iiaeoiaeeoue e oi?aaeaieth a oe?ieii niunea
neiaa, a ia ia?aie/eaaoueny ?aieaie ia?aaeeaiu eiiiaiee. A yoii e
caeeth/aaony niune iiiyoey no?aoaae/aneie aeaienoaaiiinoe.
No?aoaae/aneea eiioeaioeee . i?aaenoaaeaiiua a oaeie oi?ia,
iaania/eaatho ia oieueei naiaiaeiia oi?aaeaiea, ii e naiaiaeioth
eioa?i?eoaoeeth, aeaaiaea?y aeaoniuneaiiinoe eiiaiae. No?aoaae/aneay
aeaienoaaiiinoue, eioi?oth iie i?aaenoaaeytho, iaoneaaeeaaao eieaaaiea
acaeyaeia aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee.Oaeea acaeyaeu iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue
eae iaoaoi?e/iua, a oii niunea, /oi iie aaaeoo e nicaeaieth
aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oai?ee eee iiyaeoaieth i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo oi/ae c?aiey,
/oi caaeneo io iaii?aaeaeaiiie naoe eaeae e ia?acia. Ianoaiaea?oiua
acaeyaeu canoaaeytho ethaeae eneaoue iiaua niiniau i?aiaeieaiey
i?ioeai?a/ee.
Aethaii neo/aa iiaay no?aoaaey oe?iu iiia/aeo aucuaaao i?ioano e
ianiaeaoaiey ni noi?iiu aa ?aaioieeia. E/ai na?ueaciaa i?ienoiaeyuea
i?aia?aciaaiey, oai aeieueooa aoaeao ia?eiae iino?iaiea iiaie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, iai?aaeaiiie ia i?aiaeieaiea ?aaciiaeanee.
Eieaaaiey, nicaeaaaaiua ?uieii, oaoiieiaeae e i?aaiecaoeee
acaeiiioiioaiee. I?aaei?eyoey a ea/anoaa ioe?uoie nenoaiu iinoiyiii
i?iaeieaeatho naiiiaiiaeyoueny a i?ioeanna iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee io
?uiea, eioi?ay nicaeaao eieaaaiey e noaaeo iiiaeanoai i?iaeai e
aiciiaeiuo niiniaia ?aoaiey ia?aae i?aaiecaoeeae. I?aaiecaoeey,
iaoiaeyuayny a ea/anoaa auno?ioa/iuo eciaiaiee ie?oaeathuae N?aaeu,
iiaeaeao auno?i aaiaeeoue ?acee/iua eiiiaaoeee, anee nouanoaotho
eeaea?u, aioiaua ?aoeoue yoe i?iaeaiu e aa?oueany ca eo ?aoaiea.
Oae eae niaeanii eeane/aneie yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee, ?uii/iue ii?yaeie
?aaoee?oaony eiieo?aioeeae, i?aaiecaoeey iiaeao aucuaaoue aioo?aiiea
eieaaaiey n o/aoii eieaaaiee eiieo?aioia e ?uiea. ?anniio?ei a ea/anoaa
i?eia?a niinia i?iaeaeaeaiey ia ?uiie naieo ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuethoa?ia
eiiiaieae NEC. Eci?a/aeueii IE eiiiaiee NEC ecaioaaeeaaeenue ii
niaoeeaeueiui caeacai Nippon Telegraph & TelephonePublic Corporation.
Iaeiaei caoai niaoeeaeenou ioaeaea i?iaeaae iieoi?iaiaeieeia e
eioaa?aeueiuo noai auaeaeioee eaeath i ?ani?ino?aiaiee ia?aiai yiiineiai
eaiiuethoa?a OE-80 n?aaee oe?ieeo neiaa ianaeaiey. Eaeay iaoea oe?ieee
ioeeee o ianaeaiey. Iieoiaoaeyie OE-80 noaee naiua ?acee/iua a?oiiu
iio?aaeoaeae, ia/eiay io nooaeaioia e caeai/eaay i?inoi oaiaoaie
eiiiuethoa?ia.I?iaeieaeathueeny aeeaeia n eeeaioaie iaoneiaee aunieea
oaiiu i?iaeaae IE PC-8000. Iiieoi?eiaiaay neoaeaa eiiiaiee iineoaeeea
naycothuei caaiii iaaeaeo NEC naa iiauie eeeaioaie e PC-8000 e iiiiaea
aiaae?eoue ia eiiiaiee acaeyae ia i?iaeaiu n oi/ee c?aiey iio?aaeoaey
(?eoi ?uiea). Oaeei ia?acii, IE noae aeaeaeouae neeie eciaiaiey
ei?ii?aoeaiie eoeueoo?u.
Oaoiieiaey oaeaea yaeyaony naiii?aaiecoaiie eioaeaeooaeueiie nenoaiie e
iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia aeey oi?ie?iaaiey “nioai?aiiiai” oaina.
Aea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii ?anniio?aoue ia?iuaiea e iieoi?iaiaeieeiaie
i?iaeoeoeee, i?aaeiacia/aiiie aeey aeiia. Ai iiiaeo eiiiaieyo yoi
ia?auaiea i?eaaei e iieiie niaia iiey aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoeth iiauo
aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee. Iieoi?iaiaeiee, yaeythueeny “oeaaii yiiineeo
eiiiaiee”, anoue ia i?inoi aeie iaiyoe. Ca/anooth aai i?eiaiaiea aaaeao
e ea/anoaaiiiio eciaiaieth ooieoeee i?iaeoeoeee. ?acaeoea
iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo oaoiieiaee, i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey auoiaie
i?iaeoeoeee, /anoi aaaeao e eciaiaieth oiaa?iie eiioeaioeee eiiiaiee.
Sharp, Ricon, Pioner e Nippon Gakki (Yamaha) eniieueciaaee ao?iia
?acaeoea iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo oaoiieiaee aeey nicaeaiey
iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueii i?iaeoeoeee aeey aeiia. i?eia?ii oaeia aea aeeyiea
ia nicaeaiea eioi?iaoeee ieacaei iiyaeaiea iiauo ea?aie/aneeo e
oeienaneeo iaoa?eaeia.
Oaeei ia?acii, iinoiyiiua eiaanoeoeee a oaoiieiaeth eioi?ua yaeythony
?ano?naie nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee, ia oieueei aeatho oie/ie e
naiii?aaiecaoeee eioi?iaoeee e(eee) ciaiee.
N oi?ie?iaaieai naoe ia oieueei n eeeaioaie, ii e n
eiiiaieyie-ia?oia?aie noaiiaeony aiciiaeiui nicaeaoue eieaaaiey,
iniiaaiiua ia acaeiiaeaenoaee n iei e aeoeaece?iaaoue nicaeaiea
eioi?iaoeee. Oi?ie?iaaiea naoe iaaeaeo eiiiaieyie iiaeao iineoue naiua
?aciiia?aciua oi?iu, a oii /enea nicaeaiea naoe ?ani?ino?aiaiey,
ni-?acaeoua, nicaeaiea niaianoiuo i?aaei?eyoee e neeyiea eiiiaiee. Oae
General Motors niianoii n Toyota iniiaaee n oeaeueth iaiiaeaiey
eiiiaieth Nummi. Ia oi?aaeaieth iio-oao a Nummi,
iniiaaiiii ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiie neneoaia Toyota iiaeii iaienaoue oeaeoth
eieao. Neaaeoao oaeaea ioiaoeoue ?aaioo GM, iinoiyiii euouae iiaua
iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey i?iaeoeoeeae a iieneao iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueo.
I?aaiecaoeee, nenoaiu, eeaea?noai e eoeueoo?u, aeeythuea ia nicaeaiea
eieaaaiee. Ia nicaeaiea eieaaaiee aeeyao a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
oi?ie?iaaiea iiaie no?aoaaee oe?iu e iaeiieaiea ?ano?nia nicaeaiea
eioi?iaoeee. Iaeiaei i?e/eiaie iiyaeaiey eieaaaiee iiaoo aunooiaoue
oaeaea i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a, nenoaiu e i?ioeannu.
Aeey ath?ie?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee oa?aeoa?ii iieiia ionoonoaea
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe. Ii anee i?aaiecaoeey no?aieony ecaaaeaoue canoiy, iia
aeieaeia i?aaeinoaaeoue aieueoa naiaiaeu naiei iiae?acaeaeaieyi,
iiiu?youe niceaeaoaeueiua eiioeeeou iaaeaeo ieie e nicaeaaaoue aieueoa
aiciiaeiinoae aeey oi?ie?iaaiey ianoaiaea?oiuo eaeae. A oi aea a?aiy
iaiaoiaeeii nio?aiyoue ninouanoaiaaiea ?acee/iuo nenoai e iiaeaeae
iiaaaeaiey, /oi iaycaoaeueii i?eaiaeeo e aicieeiiaaieth naycothueo
yeaiaioia iaaeaeo yoeie aeieaie. Oae, oi?ie?iaaiea aaoiiiiiie
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie aaeeieoeu (iai?eia?, iaaieueoiai iiae?acaeaeaiey)
aaaeao e oneeaieth oi?iaeueiuo e iaoi?iaeueiuo no?oeoo? e oai naiui
niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth eiiiaiee a oeaeii.
*oiau nicaeaoue iinoiyiiua eieaaaiey a i?aaiecaoeee, iaiaaeaea? ia
aeieaeai caeeth/aoue a oceea ?aiee naie eaeae e iiaaaeaiea. Anee
iaiaaeaea? ana a?aiy aeaenoaoao a iaeiii noeea, yoi ioaeaaao o
iiae/eiaiiuo aeaeaiea eneaoue iiaua iiaeoiaeu e ?aaioa, oae eae iie
ciatho, /oi eiaiii ioaeii ?oeiaiaeeoaeth. Iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai iinoiyiii
eneaoue naaaeea acaeyaeu e auoue aioia i?aaeinoaaeoue oai?/aneoth
eieoeeaoeao iiae/eiaiiui.
Oioei?oie Nocoee, i?aceaeaio yiiineie eiiiaiee Seven-Eleven aiai?eo:
“I?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi Oi?ae Aieae (i?eiyoea ?aoaiey io?ii e eciaiaiea
aai aa/a?ii) ia aaaeao ie e /aio oi?ioaio. Iaeiaei aiieia anoanoaaiii,
/oi a i?ioeanna eciaiaiey neooaoeee ?aoaiea iaiyaony. Oae, aeey
?acee/iuo oi?aiaoeaa aiiaua ia oa?aeoa?ii i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey,
iniiauaaynue ia iiuoa i?ioeuo caeacia. Iaiaoiaeeii i?eaueiooue e
iinoiyiiiio eciaiaieth iaoeo i?ei?eoaoia. Aeey ?acee/iie oi?aiaee i/aiue
aaaeii, /oiau ?aaioieee iieo/aee oaeiaeaoai?aiea io o?oaea e
iioeae?iaaeenue ia oai?/aneee iiaeoiae e aeaeo.
A eiia/iii n/aoa, caaea/a ?oeiaiaeeoaey ninoieo a nicaeaiee oaeiai oaina
ia ?aaioa. Oaeay iinoaiiaea aii?ina aeaao ?aaioieeai aiciiaeiinoue
?aaeeciaaoue naay. Yoio acaeyae oa?aeoa?ai aeey anao yiiineeo
?oeiaiaeeoaeae, eniieuecothueo ainoi/ioth oeeinioeth. Eioe?i Ia?ooa,
i?aaenaaeaoaeue ei?ii?aoeee “Eai” n/eoae, /oi aaaeii i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey,
iniiauaaynue ia aaeaieyo e ?acoia e na?aeoea. ii aiai?ee: “ A oa/aiea
anae aeecie /aeiaae aeieaeai aeiaeaaoueny i?aaaeu. Ii aeieaeai o/eoueny
?aaioaoue e na?aeoeai e ?acoiii a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie, aeieaeai
auo/eoue e iiiyoue iiiaeanoai aauae. Auo/eoue ia cia/eo i?inoi
i?iaeioeoue oieou. Ai?acaei aieaa aaaeii eneaoue e enneaaeiaaoue
i?aaaeo”.
Ooooee?i Niii, i?aaenaaeaoaeue TDK, i?ecuaaao i?iaiaeeoue a aeeciue
aoaeaeeeneea i?eioeeiu “oo, oa e ?e”. Oo icia/aao o?aie?iaeo eee
aeenoeeieeio, oa – neii nouanoaothueo i?aaee eee ianoa?noai, a ?e –
auoiae ca i?aaeaeu. “Ia caeioa?aniaai ee iaiaaeaeiaio a oo, oa e ?e ?
Caeioa?aniaai. Yoe i?eioeeiu io?aaeatho 3 noaaeee /aeiaa/aneiai
?acaeoey: i?eeaaeiia eco/aiea iniia, no?aieaiea i?aacieoe o/eoaey,
nicaeaiea iiaiai e i?ae?aniiai”. A yoii au?aaeaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue
oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo oeiia iuoeaiey o anao ?aaioieeia i?aaiecaoeee.
Anee eoeueoo?a aeiioneaao aeeneonnee n?aaee iieiaeuo ?aaioieeia (
niceaeaoaeueiua aeeaeiae ) e ioeacuaaaony io no?iaie ea?a?oee, yoi
icia/aao, /oi aoaeoo iiyaeyoueny cia/eoaeueiua eieaaaiey. Honda ecaanoia
eae eiiiaiey, iiaeaea?aeeaathuay eiio?aioaoeeth iaaeaeo naieie
?aaioieeaie iacaaeneii io eo ?aiaa. Eaaaoeia, auaoee i?aceaeaio Honda
ooae ni naiaai iinoa, oae eae iiae/eiaiiua auee niaeaniu n iei a 70%
neo/aaa. “I?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia i?eaaonoaiaaoue nicaeaiea naiaiaeiuo
aeeneonnee, a oiaea eioi?uo ia o/eouaaaony ?aia ?aaioieeia. Yoi aaaeao e
aicieeiiaaieth aeiaa?eoaeueiie aoiinoa?u: neiai “iao” caeanue ea?aao
aieueooth ?ieue,/ai “aea”.
Ia iaiaa aaaeia ia?eiaee/aneay niaia ?aaiou, /oi aaaeao e eciaiaieth
aoiinoa?u a eieeaeoeaa. *ai aieueoa aieiaiey oaeaeyaony iee?ieeeiaoo ia
i?aaei?eyoee, oai aieueoa ia?niaeoea ioe?uaaaony aeey iaai. Oae, Asahi
Chemical Industry eniieuecoao niaio ?aaiou eae n?aaenoai aeinoeaeaiey
naiiiaiiaeaiey. yoa eiiiaiey aeaao aiciiaeiinoue ?aaioieeai ii?aaioaoue
ia ?acee/iuo aeieaeiinoyo a oa/aiea ia?auo 10 eao ?aaiou ia
i?aaei?eyoee. A yoii nienea ia?aua aeanyoue eao yaeythony aaaeiaeoae
/anoueth eo aeecie. Eiiiaiey noaaeo oeaeue aeaoue aiciiaeiinoue niaieoue
ianoi ?aaiou ii iaiueoae ia?a 90% naieo nio?oaeieeia.
Iauae /a?oie i?aoniaaathueo eiiiaiee yaeyaony eiioeaio?aoeey aieiaiey ia
oai?/aneeo aeaenoaeyo. Iie i?aaeii/eoatho i?iaaaeaiea yenia?eiaioa e
iaoiaea i?ia e ioeaie aiaeeoe/aneei oaoiieiaeyi, oae eae iineaaeiee
anaaaea ianeieueei eiina?aaoeaai. Ioaao ia aii?in aeinoeaaaony oieueei a
?acoeueoaoa yenia?eiaioa. Oaeei ia?acii, eiaiii aeaenoaey yaeythony
aeaeaeouae neeie eieaaaiee, oae eae iie aeatho eioi?iaoeeth e iuoathony
iaeoe niinia naiii?aaiecaoeee eiiiaiee.
Aeey i?aaiecaoeee iieaciaa aeeth/aoue ianeieueei ninouanoaothueo
eiio?eoeueoo?, /ai iaeio, oae eae yoi aieaa yooaeoeaii a ieaia nicaeaiey
eioi?iaoeee. Ninouanoaothuea eiio?eoeueoo?u aaaeoo e nicaeaieth iiaie
eoeueoo?u a oiaea aeeaeaeoe/aneiai i?ioeanna. Oi?ie?iaaieth
eiio?eoeueoo? niinianoaoao iaai iiauo ?aaioieeia ?acee/iuo
niaoeeaeueiinoae e nicaeaiea ooaoa nio?oaeieeia iooai i?iiaaeooi/iiai
iaeia (mid-carreer emplayment, mid-way hiring). Oae, iiiaea nio?oaeieee
ioaeaea eiie?iaaeueiuo aiia?aoia Canon, Ine, iaieiathony eiaiii oaeei
ia?acii. iaiaoiaeeii i?iaeieaeaoue iaieiaoue yoeo ethaeae, iiea aoaeao
aeinoeaiooa “e?eoe/aneay ianna”, oi anoue iiea ia/ioo iiyaeyoueny
iiiiceoeeiiiua oi/ee c?aiey. Honda i?aeoeeoao i?iiaaeooi/iue iaei, /oiau
“ieacaoue aeeyiea ia nouanoaothueo ?aaioieeia e inouanoaeoue aeeaaiea
naaaeae e?iae”. Aieaa oiai, oaea noaei o?aaeeoeeae aeaeaoue eaaeaeua 2
eee 3 aiaea , aianoi iaeia oeene?iaaiiiai /enea ?aaioieeia eaaeaeue
aiae.
?ani?ino?aiaiea eieaaaiee: acaeyae ia i?ioeai?a/ey. Aoi?ie yoai
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee – ?anoe?aiea eieaaaiee eee oaina e aeoeaioe?iaaiea
aieiaiey ia i?ioeai?a/eyo. Iaaeinoaoi/ii i?inoi nicaeaoue eieaaaiey;
iaiaoiaeeii eo ?ani?ino?aiaiea. Ia iiaeao auoue oi?ie?iaaiey iiaiai
ii?yaeea, anee iu ia ia?ooei neiaeeaoaainy ?aaiiaaney, eia/a ana
ioeeiiaiey aica?auathony ii eia?oeee a ii?iaeueiia ?onei. Aeey
aiaae?aiey eiiiaaoeee eiiiaiey aeieaeia i?eeiaaoue aieiaiea e
?ac?aoaieth i?iaeai, aicieeathueo a ?acoeueoaoa oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai
oi?ie?iaaiey oaina. Eiaiii yoe i?ioeai?a/ey aeaeatho aiciiaeiui
ieaie?iaaiea iiauo ia?niaeoea eiiiaiee. Iai?eia?, i?ioeann ?acaeoey
iiaiai aeciana eee i?iaeoeoa iaecaaaeii noaaeo ian ia?aae auai?ii
“oai?/anoai eee yooaeoeaiinoue” eee “ecaea?aeee eee iaaeaaeiinoue”.
Aaeonii, noi?ioee?iaaaoee eiioeaioeeth “aeaieiie caaeneiinoe”, aiai?ee,
/oi a i?ioeanna yaiethoeee i?aaieciia, aeeaua nouanoaa, caaenyuea eae io
aaiaoe/aneeo, oae e io i?e?iaeiuo oneiaee, i?iaeieaeatho oai?/anee
?aoaoue ana aicieeathuea i?iaeaiu. Oaeei ia?acii, “e any oi iaoa aeeciue
anoue ai?ueaa”. Iacaaeneii io i?e/ei iiyaeaiey i?ioeai?a/ee, iie aaaeoo
e aeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia i?aiaeaeaiea nouanoaothueo
i?aaeaeia.
E?aeiei i?iyaeaieai oaina iiaeao auoue nicaeaiea e?ecena. Ca/anooth
e?ecen noeioee?oao oai?/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee e aeaaea
niinianoaoao aa iaiiaeaieth. ?acoiaaony, e?ecen iiaeao i?eaanoe e
?acaaeo eiiiaiee. Ii a oeaeii, iaeioi?ua aeaeu e?ecena i?inoi
iaiaoiaeeiu aeey nicaeaiey iiaie i?iecaiaenoaaiiie eiioeaioeee eee
ioiaiu nouanoaothueo iiaeaeae iiaaaeaiey eiiiaiee e eo ia?aa?oiie?iaee a
oneiaeyo iiaiai ii?yaeea. Ec yoiai iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iaeiie
ec caaea/ ?oeiaiaeeoaey yaeyaony nicaeaiea oai?/aneiai e?ecena,
aaaeouaai e aaia?e?iaaieth iiauo eaeae. Eaeo, i?aceaeaio eiiiaiee Canon,
neacae:
“Eiiiaiey ia/eiaao oa?youe naie iiceoeee, eae oieueei i?iieeaaony
oaa?aiiinoueth, /oi iia eo/oay, Nouanoaotho aeaa aaue, eioi?ua
iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue eaaeaeiio iaiaaeaea?o, /oiau iaania/eoue ?acaeoea
eiiiaiee. Ai-ia?auo, ii aeieaeai iaania/eoue iiieiaiea ?aaioieeaie
niunea eo aeayoaeueiinoe, a ai-aoi?uo, ii aeieaeai iinoiyiii aea?aeaoue
naieo iiae/eiaiiuo a ninoiyiee no?ana”
Iiaeii i?eaanoe auneacuaaiea oi?aaeythuaai ioaeaeii IEIE? Honda,
eeethno?e?othuaa auoai?eaaaeaiiua neiaa: “Yoi ana ?aaii, /oi iineaoue
/eaiia eiiaiaeu ia o?aoee yoaae, oa?aoue eanoieoeo e i?aaeeiaeeoue ei
i?uaaoue eee eneaoue ae?oaie auoiae. ss aa?th, /oi oai?/anoai
?iaeaeaaony oieueei a oneiaeyo, eiaaea canoaaeyaoue /aeiaaea
i?aiaeieaaaoue noaio i?e iaeneiaeueiii iaaiaoaiee ianoaiiaee”.
Ia?aaeei, anee iinoaaeaia i?inoay oeaeue, o?oaeii aeinoe/ue eaeeo-eeai
eciaiaiee a eiioeaioeee oe?iu. Oae, Eiiinooa Iaoeooeoa, iniiaaoaeue
Matsushita Electric, ioia/ae neaaeothuee ia?aaeienaeueiue oaeo: /anoi
aeinoe/ue nieaeaiey cao?ao ia 3% ai?acaei o?oaeiaa, /ai ia 30%. Anee
iinoaaeaia neiaeiay oeaeue, iiaeao i?iecieoe eciaiaiea acaeyaeia
eiiiaiee, ?ano?oeoe?othuay eioi?iaoeey e ?anoe?aiea nouanoaothuaai
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai i?ino?ainoaa. Onoaiiaeaiea neiaeiuo oeaeae yaeyaony
iaeiei ec niiniaia naiii?aiaeieaiey. Oaeea oeaee iiaoo noaaeoueny
?oeiaiaeeoaeyie eee /eaiaie a?oiiu; iie iaycaoaeueii auiieiytho caaea/o
?ac?aoaiey i?ioeai?a/ee. I?aiaeieaiea i?ioeai?a/ee icia/aao neeyiea
aeaoo i?ioeaiai?noaothueo acaeyaeia, /oi iicaieyao aueoe ia neaaeothuee
eiae/aneee o?iaaiue.
Anoue ianeieueei niiniaia aeoeaioe?iaaiey aieiaiey ia i?iaeaia
i?ioeai?a/ee. Oae, iiaoo nicaeaaaoueny i?iaeou ii i?i?uao nouanoaothueo
ia?aie/aiee eiiiaiee, iiaoo ?ac?aaaouaaoueny oaoiieiaaie aeoaeouaai eee
?acaeaaoueny iiaua i?iaeoeou eee ?uiee. Aaea e eiaaea nicaeaaaoue
aeaaiua i?ioeai?a/ey, yaeyaony no?aoaae/aneei aii?inii. A ethaii neo/aa
aaaeiaeoei yeaiaioii naiii?aaiecaoeee a?oiiu yaeyaony nicaeaiea aa yae?a
e ?oeiaiaeeoaeae n?aaeiaai caaia (middle management).
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay a?oiia eiaao neaaeothuea o?e ioee/eoaeueiua /a?ou: iia
aaoiiiiia; iia eiaao nianoaaiiua oeaee, eioi?ua auoiaeyo ca ?aiee
nouanoaothueo o?aaiaaiee; iia iiiu?yao eiioaeou nio?oaeieeia ?acee/iuo
niaoeeaeueiinoae. Yoa eiiaiaea oi?ie?oao yae?i eioaineaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe e ooieoeeiie?oao iacaaeneii io ae?oaeo ioaeaeia
ei?ii?aoeee.
Iaiaaeaeiaio n?aaeiaai caaia caieiaao oeaio?aeueioth iiceoeeth,
aeaaiaea?y oieeaeueiie aiciiaeiinoe eiiaeie?iaaoue no?aoaae/aneoth
iae?ieioi?iaoeeth (naiaiaeioth io aeeyiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iniaaiiinoae) n iee?ieioi?iaoeeae
(nouanoaothuae ia o?iaia aeaiiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey). Ii iiaeao aieaa
yooaeoeaii ecaaaeaoue eieaaaiee e oaina aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee, aunooiay a
?iee oi/ee iii?u aeey aiaeiae/iuo aeaenoaee ia auoa- e iaaeanoiyueo
o?iaiyo. Oi?aaeaiea n?aaeiaai caaia iiaeao oaeaea neoaeeoue a ea/anoaa
iniiau aeey inouanoaeaiey i?ioeanna naiiiaiiaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee. Io
aaee/eiu oneeee n?aaeiaai caaia aeey eiiaeie?iaaiey ?acee/iuo aeaeia
eioi?iaoeee caaeneo nouanoaiaaiea aunieiea/anoaaiiiai i?ioeanna
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee ia i?aaei?eyoee a oeaeii.
Aaoiiiiiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie a?oiiu i?iyaeyaony a i?aaeinoaaeaiee
/eaiai a?oiiu naiaiaeu eiiaeie?iaaiey eaeae e aeaenoaee ii eo
nianoaaiiiio oniio?aieth e aiciiaeiinoe, oaeei ia?acii, aa?aioe?iaaoue
nithc ciaiee e iiuoa. A?oiia ia/eiaao yenia?eiaioe?iaaoue, eniieuecoy
iaoiae i?ia e ioeaie aeey ni/aoaiey eaeae e aeaenoaee. Aeaenoaey
i?iyniytho cia/aiea yenia?eiaioia, oi anoue “eniieiaiea anoue aiaeec, a
i?eiaiaiea — oi?ie?iaea”.
Anee iiaua ia?niaeoeau e oi/ee c?aiey oi?ie?othony a oiaea niioianaiey
oaeoia e oai?aoe/aneeo ciaiee, oi oaeie iaoiae nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee
yaeyaony eiaeoeoeaiui e oieenoe/aneei. Ia?aaeei nicaeaiea eioi?iaoeee
aace?oaony ia ciaieyo, eioi?ua ia iiaoo auoue /aoei noi?ioee?iaaiu.
Iaeee Iieaiee ii?aaeaeee oaeie oei ciaiee, eae “iie/aeeaue,
iuneeoaeueiue” (tacit knowledge) — yoi oi, /oi ia iiaeao auoue /aoei
au?aaeaii onoii eee ieniaiii, oi anoue eiooeoeey. Yeaiaiou,
ninoaaeythuea eiooeoeeth (nicaeaiea, iao/aiea e ?aniiciiaaiea iiaiai e
iaiau/iiai, iaecaanoiiai) iniaaiii aaaeiu, anee iu oioei aiaae?eoue
eiiiaaoeee a i?aaiecaoeee. Ia inia?eaay cia/eiinoe aeaenoaee e ciaiee,
iaiaoiaeeii iiae/a?eiooue aaaeiinoue yoeo “iie/aeeauo” ciaiee e
eiooeoeee, eioi?ua yaeythony aioo?aiiei iniuneaieai iiuoa i?aaeuaeoueo
yenia?eiaioia.
Yoio iaoiae oa?aeoa?ecoaony iinoiyiiui ?anoe?aieai aacu enneaaeiaaiee e
aaneiia/iui eciaiaieai oi?ioee?iaie eioa?anothueo ian aii?inia.
Aeeiaie/aneia acaeiiaeaenoaea a oiaea ?aoaiey i?ioeai?a/ee. O?aoueei
i?ioeannii, o/anoaothuei a nicaeaiee eioi?iaoeee, yaeyaony
noeioee?iaaiea aeeiaienaneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee n
oeaeueth ?aoaiey aicieeathueo i?iaeai. Iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau a oi?ie?iaaiee
iiauo acaeyaeia i?eieiaea o/anoea eo/oay eioi?iaoeey io anao o?iaiae
i?aaiecaoeee e ?aaioieeia ?acee/iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee. Iaaei iaeaaeeoue
iaaeooieoeeiiaeueiua nayce ia i?aaei?eyoee. Aei oao ii?. iiea i?ioeannu
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee eanathony ioaeaeueiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey, eciaiaiea
acaeyaeia ia i?ienoiaeeo. Aeeiaie/aneia acaeiiaeaenoaea eiaao ianoi
oieueei a neo/aa, eiaaea eciaiaiey cao?aaeaatho anth eiiiaieth a oeaeii.
N?aaenoaii i?aaiecaoeee aeeiaie/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey aioo?e
i?aaiecaoeee yaeythony i?aaiecaoeeiiiua eiiaiaeu. Nooue iaoiaeieiaee
ninoieo a oii, /oiau ia?ooaoue noaaeeueiinoue nouanoaothuaai ?aaeeia, a
oi a?aiy, eae a?oiia “?aaiethoeeiia?ia” ?aaioaao iaae oi?ie?iaaieai
iiauo iniia oi?aaeaiey. Aiaeiae/ii, aeey oi?ie?iaaiey iiaie no?aoaaee
eee nicaeaiey iiaiai i?iaeoeoa iaeaieaa oeie/iui yeaiaioii i?ioeanna
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee yaeyaony iiaeai? oaeie a?oiiu, niiniaiie nicaeaoue
nianoaaiiua ii?yaeie aioo?e iiae?acaeaeaiey, a caoai ?ani?ino?aieoue aai
ia i?aaiecaoeeth a oeaeii. Iineieueeo oneiaey, a eioi?uo oi?ie?oaony
a?oiia, ieacuaatho cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia iineaaeothuee i?ioeann
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee, iaiaoiaeeii ouaoaeueiaeoei ia?acii iiaeoiaeeoue e
aii?inai, eanathueiny ia oieueei ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a?oiiu a oeaeii, ii
oaeaea e e i?iaeaia auai?a eeaea?a e /eaiia a?oiiu, e e aii?ino
iineaaeothuaai i?ioeanna aeayoaeueiinoe eiiaiaeu. Iaiaaeaeiaio aunoaai
caaia (top management) aeieaeai aunooiaoue a ?iee eaoaeecaoi?a; ii ia
aeieaeai i?aaei?eieiaoue iiiuoee eiio?iey. Aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie eiiaiaeu iiaeii n?aaieoue n iiaaaeaieai eiiaiaeu
?aaaenoia. Eae e a yoie nii?oeaiie ea?a nithc oai?ee e i?aeoeee
aeinoeaaaony a oiaea naiaiaeii i?ioaeathueo noieeiiaaiee, ia?aaea/ e
oaea?ia, A i?aaiecaoeeiiiie a?oiia /eaiu ninoycathony a ?aieao nicaeaiey
eioi?iaoeee e , oaeei ia?acii, eioi?iaoeey noaiiaeony neeueiui
enoi/ieeii aeeyiey ia ae?oaeo /eaiia a?oiiu.
Aeey ?ani?ino?aiaiey i?ioeanna ia?aiai aioo?e eiiiaiee iiaay eiioeaioeey
aeieaeia aiaae?youeny ia anae i?aaiecaoeee a oeaeii. I?e yoii
i?aaiecaoeeiiiay a?oiia aeieaeia aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa ?u/aaa. *oiau
i?aia?aciaaiey caaa?oeeenue auno?aa, iieacii eniieueciaaoue oeaiiie
iaoaieci. Aeey yoiai niaoeeaeueii nicaeaiiua eiiaiaeu e/eee
i?aaiecaoeeiiiua a?oiiu i?iaiaeyo ?acuynieoaeueioth eiiiaieth n?aaee
iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae iaaeaeo ioaeaeaie oaeaea niinianoaoao auno?aeoaio
i?aia?aciaaieth. Aeaenoaea yoiai iaoaiecia i?eaiaeeo e niaoaieth e
aaeeiaieth i?ioeannia ?ac?aaioee, i?iecaiaenoaa e i?iaeaaee e
niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth aeeiaie/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey aioo?e
i?aaiecaoeee. Eiieo?aioeey aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey oaeaea aaaeao e
aeeiaie/aneiio acaeiiaeaenoaeth a oii niunea, /oi /aeiaae no?aieony
ia?aeoe a eeaee?othuoth eiiaiaeo.
A nicaeaiee aeeiaie/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey aaaeioth ?ieue iiaoo nua?aoue
eiaeaia?iua ?aaioieee, auiieiythuea ianeieueei ooieoeee. Eioa?aniue
niinia niaoeaaiey eioi?iaoeee i?aeoeeoaony a eiiiaiee Epson, aaea
eaaeaeue eiaeaia? auiieiyao aeaa ooieoeee. Aeoea-i?aceaeaio Epson Nonoie
Aecaaa aiai?ee: “ Iaoa iieeoeea – ii?o/aoue eiaeaia?ai auiieiaiea aeaoo
ooieoeee. Iai?eia?, ii iiaeao o?aoeoue 70% a?aiaie ia ?ac?aaioeo
aeecaeia, naith iniiaioth ?aaioo, e 30% ia ia?eaoeia, aeiiieieoaeueioth
ooieoeeth. Iu iuoaainy nicaeaoue ioeueoeooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiaeaia?a.
Iniaaiii aieueoia i?eiaiaiea yoio iaoiae iaoiaeeo a iaeanoe
“iaoao?iieee” – ia nouea iaoaieee e yeaeo?iieee”.
Yoio iiuo iiaeao auoue iieacai aeey oi?ie?iaaiey anaai ooaoa
nio?oaeieeia. Naiie aieueoie i?iaeaiie yiiineeo oe?i, eiathueo
oaeo/anoue eaae?ia, yaeyaony oi, /oi ?acee/iua ioaeaeu aanueia iaioioii
i?aaeinoaaeytho naieo nio?oaeieeia aeey ?ac?aaioee iiaie i?iaeoeoeee eee
iiaiai aeciana. Iaeiaei ana eiiiaiee, oniaoii inouanoaeythuea
naiiiaiiaeaiea, a e?eoe/aneee iiiaio i?aiaeieaee yoio aa?uea?. Iaaei
oieueei ioiaoeoue, /oi yoio i?ioeann o?aaoao, /oiau a ?oeiaiaenoaa
eiiiaiee iaoiaeeeenue neeueiua, aieaaua ethaee.
Neeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai oaeaea ea?aao ?ieue “no?aoaae/aneiai niiini?a”,
niaeanii eioi?ie ?oeiaiaeeoaeue caueuaao, ainieouaaao e iiaeaea?aeeaaao
nicaeaoaeae eioi?iaoeee. Iineieueeo aeey oiai, /oiau eciaieoue
nouanoaothuee ii?yaeie, ioaeaeueiiio ?aaioieeo eee a?oiia i?eoiaeeony
auaea?aeeaaoue iiiaeanoai iieeoe/aneeo noieeiiaaiee, ?ieue
no?aoaae/aneiai niiini?a ninoieo a oii, /oiau ?aniiciaaaoue aaaeiua
iiaua eaeae e oie/oiaeaoue ana oaeoi?u, iaoathuea i?ioeanno eo
aiaae?aiey a aeeciue e aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee. A eiiiaiee NEC
?ieue “aieii?aca” a ?acaeoee ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuthoa?ia nua?ae Aonoeioe
Ioooe. Ianiio?y ia nouanoaiaaaoaa iaaeiaa?ea e eiiiuthoa?ai, Ioooe aue
oaaaeaeai, /oi ca ieie aoaeouaa e iiyoiio ioeacaeny io iiiaeo i?aaee,
nouanoaiaaaoeo oiaaea a eiiiaiee, ?aaee nei?aeoaai oniaoiiai ?acaeoey
eiiiuethoa?iuo oaoiieiaee.
Iiaue ii?yaeie e ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeey ciaiee i?aaiecaoeee. *aoaa?oui
i?ioeannii , o/anoaothuei a nicaeaiee eioi?iaoeee, yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea
iiauo ciaiee ii iniiaa iaeiieaiiie eioi?iaoeee. O?e auoaiienaiiuo
i?ioeanna naycaiu n iaania/aieai aeoeaaoeee nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeee. A
aeiiieiaiee e yoiio neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi aeey iinoiyiiiai ?acaeoey
eiiiaiey aeieaeia iinoiyiii iao/aoueny. Iao/athuayny i?aaiecaoeey
nicaeaao oiiae ciaiee ia iniiaa eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia e a oi aea a?aiy
?ani?ino?aiyao yoe ciaiey n?aaee anao naieo iie?acaeaeaie e noeioee?oao
nenoaiaoe/aneoth naiii?aaiecaoeeth eioi?iaoeee. Eioi?iaoeey, nicaeaiiay
eieaaaieyie e ioaeaeueiuie ?aaioieeaie, aeaeeony iaaeaeo anaie
?aaioieeaie i?aaei?eyoey e oi?ie?oao ciaiey ia o?iaia i?aaiecaoeee.
Iai?eia? eiioeaioeey “iaeneiaeueiua oaeianoaa aeey /aeiaaea i?e
ieieiaeueiii ?acia?a aaoiiiaeey”, noi?ioee?iaaiiay a 1981 aiaeo
eiiiaieae Honda i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee aaoiiiaeey aeey ai?iaea,
aiineaaenoaee auea ia?aianaia ia ae?oaea iiaeaee aaoiiiaeeae. Aeey
?acaeoey eiiiaiee iaiaoiaeeii iinoiyiii i?iaeieaeaoue i?ioeann iao/aiey.
A oi aea a?aiy, ?acoeueoaou aeayoaeueiinoe ii nicaeaieth eioi?iaoeee
iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieaaoue, enoiaey ec oiai, /oi neaaeoao i?eiaiyoue e a
aeaeueiaeoai, a io /aai eo/oa ioeacaoueny. Iaiaoiaeeii i?eiaiyoue
?ao?iniaeoeaiue aiaeec.
Oae, iaeei ec /eaiia eiiaiaeu “ad hoc”, caieiathuaeny enneaaeiaaieai
ioeaie eiiiaiee Honda, aiaeece?oy i?e/eiu ?aceiai niaaea iauaiia
i?iaeaae i?aaeiacia/aiiie aeey ai?iaea iiaeaee City, ioiaoee: “Nia/aea
i?iaeaaee aeaiiie iiaeaee auee oniaoiuie, ii nae/an iaiaoiaeeii
i?eciaoue i?iaae City ia ?uiea”. Oaeie aeae nenoaiaoe/aneie ioeaiee
o/oaiiuo e iao/oaiiuo oaeoi?ia yaeyaony nenoaiaoe/anee aaaeiui.
?acee/iua eiioeaioeee, nicaeaaaaiua i?aaiecaoeeiiuie a?oiiaie, aeieaeiu
iaoiaeeoue io?aaeaiea a no?aoaaee eiiiaiee, /oiau ii?aaeaeeoue iiaua
oeaee e caaea/e, noiyuea ia?aae i?aaiecaoeeae.
Io ia?aaioee e nicaeaieth eioi?iaoeee
Aa?aa?o Naeiii iaeiaaeaeu i?eiaiee oiee?othuoth iaoaoi?o: “Iiaaaeaiea
io?aauey ia naiii aeaea aeinoaoi/ii i?inoi. I?e anae aai eaaeouaeny
neiaeiinoe iii yaeyaony eeoue io?aaeaieai neiaeiinoe ae?oaeathuae
N?aaeu, a eioi?ie ii iaeoaao”. *aeiaae a eaeii-oi ieaia ia io?aauey. Ii
oaeaea ia?aie/ai iaaiciiaeiinoueth aini?eieiaoue iaeiia?aiaiii aieaa
naie eaoaai?ee eioi?iaoeee.
Ec yoie eiioeaioeee iaioaeueiuo i?aaeaeia auoaeaao iiaue acaeyae ia
i?aaiecaoeeth, niaeanii eioi?iio oe?ia, /oiau aa?aioe?iaaoue aunieoth
yooaeoeaiinoue eniieciaaiey o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia, no?ieo i?aaiecaoeeiiioth
no?oeoo?o e i?aiaeieaaaao i?aaeaeu iuoeaiey i?e iiiiue oi?auaiey
i?ioeanna ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee. I?aaiecaoeey aoaeao
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ?aaioo ii nicaeaieth no?oeoo?u, oae eae aiciiaeiinoe aa
ia?niiaea ia?aie/aiu. Nenoaia, iienaiiay Naeiiiii, ia ioee/aaony ii
oi?ia io iiaeaee ath?ie?aoee, ?ac?aaioaiiie Iaenii Aaaa?ii, eaoi?ay
oa?aeoa?ecoaony ea?a?oea e ?acaeaeaieai o?oaea.
Oai?ey aa?iyoiinoe aeieacaea, /oi eo/oa i?eniiniaeaiu e ie?oaeathuae
n?aaea oa i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua nicaeaee oaeea no?oeoo?u ia?aaioee
eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ua aeatho iaeaieueoee yooaeo i?e ieieiaeueiuo oneeeyo.
A iniiaa yoie oai?ee eaaeeo i?eioeei “iaiaoiaeeiiai ?aciiia?acey” a
eeaa?iaoe/aneii niunea. Oaeei ia?acii eiioeaioeey ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee
Naeiiia caeanue ana aua yooaeoeaia, oioy e ia eiii o?iaia.
A oeaeii, iu ?anniio?aee aeaiiue oei ii?aaeeaiu oi?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeeae.
Iineieueeo nouanoaoao i?aaeae /aeiaa/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae, oi aeey
yooaeoeaiie nenoaiaoe/aneie ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee iaiaoiaeeia ea?a?oey,
?acaeaeaiea o?oaea e oi?aaeaiea ei. Ia?aaeeaia oi?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeeae
aicieeea a oneiaeyo ie?a, ?acaeaathuaainy a iai?aaeaiee neioaeoe/aneie
eioi?iaoeee. Iia iniiaaia ia ienneienoe/aneie oi/ea c?aiey ia
/aeiaa/aneea aiciiaeiinoe.
Aei ?acaeoey oai?ee i?aaiecaoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u ieeiaaea ia aiai?eee i
cia/aiee naiaioe/aneie eioi?iaoeee. Iicaea eieaa “A iieneao
niaa?oainoaa” aeaea y?eia iienaiea ianoiyuae, “aeeaie” i?aaiecaoeee e
i?aaenoaaeea oi/eo c?aiey, eioi?ay ia iiaea auoue iieiinoueth onaieia n
i?eiaiaieai iaeiiai eeoue aiaeeoe/aneiai iiaeoiaea. Iaeiaei oai ia auei
i?eioeeieaeueiiai iauyniaiey, ii/aio ainaiue oaeoi?ia, iienaiiuo a
eieaa, i?eaaaeoo e niaa?oainoao.
Iao a?aoiaio aace?oaony ia ooaa?aeaeaiee, /oi /aeiaae niiniaai
nicaeaaaoue ii?yaeie (eioi?iaoeeth)”. Iu niio?ei ia ethaeae ia eae ia
i?inouo ia?a?aaio/eeia eioi?iaoeee, a eae ia aa nicaeaoaeae.
Yoa noaouey a?aoiaioe?aaaii iieacuaaao, /oi nooue naiii?aaiecaoeee a
nicaeaiee eioi?iaoeee. Iia i?ecuaaao e ia?ooaieth nouanoaothuaai
ii?yaeea n oeaeueth iaiiaeaiey; io?eoeaao oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiua
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuaoai?ee, i?eaioe?othueany ia aeinoeaeaiea ?aaiiaaney;
caueuaao ia?aaeeaio naiii?aaiecaoeee.
Ia?aaeeaio naiii?aaiecaoeee neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue, eae i?ioeann
naiii?aaiecaoeee ia iniiaa oaina eee eieaaaiee. I?ioeann auoiaea ec
nouanoaothuaai ?aaiiaaney ninoieo ec /aou?ao yoaiia:
– i?aaiecaoeey iiaeaea?aeeaaao ianoaaeeueiia ninoiyiea iooai
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai nicaeaiey oaina eee eieaaaiee;
– ii?aaeaeaiea eieaaaiey iiaeaea?aeeaaaony e oneeeaaaony; a eiia/iii
n/aoa niaoeeaeueiay i?aaiecaoeeiiiay a?oiia iaania/eaaao nicaeaiea
eioi?iaoeee;
– eieaaaiey aeaenoaotho ia ninaaeiea yeaiaiou e i?eaiaeyo e nicaeaieth
aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey ?ac?aoaiey
i?ioeai?a/ee;
– oi?ie?oaony iiaue ii?yaeie, a nicaeaaaaiay e iaeiieaiiay eioi?iaoeey
nicaeaao oiiae ciaiee.
Ia?aua o?e i?ioeanna iaania/eaatho nicaeaiea eioi?iaoeee, a oi a?aiy,
eae /aoaa?oue i?aia?acoao eioi?iaoeeth a ciaiey. Naiiiaiiaeaiea
i?ienoiaeeo, anee eiaao ianoi ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeey eiathueony aeaiiuo aeey
oi?ioee?iaaiey iiauo oeaeae e caaeae i?aaiecaoeee.
Ii nooe, no?aoaaey naiiiaiiaeaiey iniiaaia ia niiniaiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
oi?aaeyoue eiioeeeoaie e nicaeaaaoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiue ii?yaeie.
I?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue, eaeie aeae oaina nicaeaoue,
aaea e eae ia/aoue aeaeaeaiea e naiii?aaiecaoeee, aaea i?eeoe e
niaeaoaieth e aaea e eiaaea nicaeaoue neaaeothuee oei oaina. Eeaea?u eee
/eaiu i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo a?oii i?eieiatho niioaaonoaothuea ?aoaiey eee
neoaeao i?e/eiie ia/aea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey yoeo i?ioeannia. Yoe ethaee
nicaeatho eioi?iaoeeth, a ia i?inoi aa ia?aaaouaatho. Eiaiii a yoii
ninoieo ?acee/ea iaaeaeo aeayoaeueiinoueth io?iauey e /aeiaaea.
?a/ue eaeao i oii, /oi /aeiaae ia iiaeao aini?eiaiaoue iaeiia?aiaiii
aieaa 9 eaoaai?ee eioi?iaoeee.
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Oain ?anoe?yao niaeo? aiciiaeiinoae e oneeeaaao i?aaiecaoeeth a ieaia
oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo oi/ae c?aiey. Anee i?aaiecaoeey aeaeaao iaiiaeoueny,
iia aeieaeia iinoiyiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ninoiyiea iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoe.
*oiau nicaeaoue iinoiyiiua eieaaaiey aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee, iaiaaeaea?u
aeieaeiu iai?a?uaii eneaoue naaaeea eaeae. Aeey i?aaiecaoeee ai?acaei
aieaa iieacii eiaoue ianeieei ninouanoaothueo eoeueoo?, /ai
aeiaieuenoaiaaoueny iaeiie aaeeinoaaiiie nenoaiie oeaiiinoae.
Nicaeaiea e?ecena ia?aaeei iiaeao noeioee?iaaoue niceaeaoaeueioth
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee eee aeaaea i?eaanoe e aa iaiiaeaieth. Iaeia
ec aaaeiaeoeo ooieoeee ?oeiaiaeeoaey caeeth/aaony a nicaeaiee aeoeaiiai,
niceaeaoaeueiiai oaina.
Nooue naiii?aaiecaoeee ninoieo a nicaeaiee eioi?iaoeee. No?aoaaey
naiiiaiiaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee iniiaaia ia niiniaiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
oi?aaeyoue iinoiyiiuie eiioeeeoaie e nicaeaaaoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiue
ii?yaeie.
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