AAAAeAIEA
Nae/an iiiai aiai?yo ia eciaiaiee oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, oicyenoaaiiiai
iaoaiecia e i?eaaoecaoeee. Yoi aeaenoaeoaeueii aaaeiaeoea e
noaeueaiiiniua i?iaeaiu. Iaeiaei ethaua yeiiiie/aneea eciaiaiey
noaiiayony ?aaeueiinoueth oieueei i?ioiaey /a?ac niciaiea ethaeae. Eia/a
aiai?y, ?uii/iie yeiiiieea ioaeiu iiaua ?aaioieee e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
– ia?eaoieiae, iaiaaeaea?u, aeeea?u, a?iea?u e iaeea?u, aac eioi?uo a?
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea iaaiciiaeii.
Ia?eaoeia aeieaeai caiyoue oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey,
oae eae aio i?eiaaeeaaeeo aaaeouay ?ieue a i?aaiecaoeee iieiioeaiiiai
?uii/iiai oicyenoaa, iieiinoueth i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ia ?aaeueiuo e
iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae oiaa?ia e oneoa.
Ia?eaoeia yaeyaony ?oeiaiaenoaii e oi?aaeaieth, ieaie?iaaieth,
aeaenoaeth a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. A yoie nayce iaiaoiaeeii
?acia?aoueny a oeeinioee ia?eaoeiaa a n?aaiaiee n oeeinioeae nauoa.
Oeaeueth auioneiie ?aaiou yaeyaony niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?aaiecaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?eaoeiaa ia iniiaa aiaeeca aeayoaeueiinoe OII
“A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee iaiaoiaeeii ?aoeoue neaaeothuea caaea/e:
1. Ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue ?ieue ia?eaoeiaa e aai iaiaoiaeeiinoue a
ooieoeeiie?iaaiee i?aaei?eyoey;
2. I?iaiaeece?iaaoue ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue OII “A?OIN-Na?aen
EOAe”;
3. Ii?aaeaeeoue iooe e ia?niaeoeau i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?eaoeiaa
oiaa?euanoaa ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia.
?aaioa auiieiaia ia i?eia?a iaeiiai ec i?aaei?eyoee e?aeie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” ai?iaea Aeiaou. A ea/anoaa
iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey eca?aiu aiaeec eeoa?aoo?iuo enoi/ieeia, a oaeaea
i?aeoe/aneee iaoa?eae ( aiaeec oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ).
Aeeieiiiay ?aaioa ninoieo ec aaaaeaiey, o??o aeaa, auaiaeia e
i?aaeeiaeaiee, nienea eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
Ia?aay aeaaa inaauaao iniiaiua ooieoeee e oeaee ia?eaoeiaa, aai ?ieue a
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Oaeaea a yoie aeaaa ?ane?uaathony iaoiaeu e
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ninoaaeaiey ieaia ia?eaoeiaa.
Aoi?ay, iniiaiay aeaaa aiaeece?oao iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia?eaoeiaiaoth
aeayoaeueiinoue ia i?eia?a Oiaa?euanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”. A yoie aeaaa aue i?iaaaeai
aiaeec e?oiiaeoeo iinoaaueeia e iio?aaeoaeae auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, a
oaeaea aiaeec nauoiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
A o?aoueae, caeeth/eoaeueiie aeaaa i?aaeeaaathony iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe ia OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”.
AEAAA I. IAIAOIAeEIINOUe, ?IEUe E OOIEOeEE
IA?EAOEIAA A AeAssOAEUeIINOE I?AAeI?EssOEss
1.1. Iiiyoea ia?eaoeiaa e aai ooieoeee a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Ii?aaeaeaiey ia?eaoeiaa iiaoo auoue iauaaeeiaiu a aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu:
eeanne/aneea (ia?aie/aiiua) e nia?aiaiiua (iaiauaiiua). A eeanne/aneii
iiieiaiee ii ii?aaeaeyaony eae i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue,
eioi?ay oi?aaeyao i?iaeaeaeaieai oiaa?ia e oneoa io i?iecaiaeeoaey e
iio?aaeoaeth eee iieueciaaoaeth, eee nioeeaeueiue i?ioeann, iin?aaenoaii
eioi?iai i?iaiice?oaony, ?anoe?yaony e oaeiaeaoai?yaony ni?in ia oiaa?u
e oneoae iin?aaenoaii eo ?ac?aaioee, i?iaeaeaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee.
Yoe “o?aaeeoeeiiiua “ ii?aaeaeaiey ia?eaoeiaa i?aaeiieaaatho, /oi
aeaaiia a iai – oece/aneia ia?aiauaiea oiaa?ia e oneoa, e a nayce n yoei
iie eiatho ?yae iaaeinoaoeia. A ieo i?aoaaee/eaaaony ?ieue
oiaa?iniaaaeaiey e eaiaeia nauoa, eaii?e?oaony oi, /oi ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoueth /anoi caieiathony ainoaea?noaaiiua e eiiia?/aneea
i?aaiecaoeee, oioneathony aaaeiinoue acaeiiaeaenoaey iieoiaoaeae e
i?iaeaaoeia, a oaeaea neeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia ia?eaoeia ?acee/iuo
nioeeaeueiuo a?oii – oaeeo eae neoaeauea , i?ionithcu, iauaaeeiaiey
iio?aaeoaeae e ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu.
Aaeaeaaoiia ii?aaeaeaiea ia?eaoeiaa ia aeieaeii ia?aie/eaaoueny
eneeth/eoaeueii oiaa?aie e oneoaaie, oae eae aai iauaeoaie iiaoo auoue
i?aaiecaoeee ( E?aniue E?ano ), ethaee ( iieeoe/aneea eaiaeeaeaou ),
ioaeaeueiua oa??eoi?ee ( Aaaaee ) e eaeae ( aaaeiinoue i?enoyaeiuo
?aiiae ). Aeaaiie a ethaii ii?aaeaeaiee aeieaeia auoue i?eaioaoeey ia
iio?aaeoaey. Eiiiaiee aeinoeaatho naieo oeaeae, oieueei oaeiaeaoai?yy
iio?aaeoaey. Aianoa n oai caaea/a ia?eaoeiaa – ia oieueei oaaee/eaaoue
ni?in, ii e iuoaoueny aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia iaai oae , /oiau ii
niioaaonoaiaae i?aaeeiaeaieth. A ii?aaeaeaiea aeieaeiu auoue aeeth/aiu
nioeeaeueiua aniaeou ia?eaoeiaa, oaeea eae yoeea e aaciianiinoue
i?iaeoeoeee. I?aaiecaoeee aeieaeiu caaeaaaoueny oaeaea e aii?inii, noieo
ee aiiaua i?iaeaaaoue aeaiiue oiaa? eee oneoao, a ia oieueei iiaoo ee
iie auoue i?iaeaiu.
Oe?ieee aeeaiacii ia?eaoeiaa aue ioeoeeaeueii i?eciai Aia?eeaineie
annioeeaoeeae ia?eaoeiaa (AIA) a 1985 aiaeo, eiaaea o?aaeeoeeiiiia
ii?aaeaeaiea, iaeia?aiiia ath a 1960 aiaeo, auei caiaiaii neaaeothuei :
“ Ia?eaoeia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ioeann ieaie?iaaiey e aiieiuaiey
caiunea, oeaiiia?aciaaiea, i?iaeaeaeaiea e ?aaeecaoeeth eaeae, oiaa?ia e
oneoa iin?aaenoaii iaiaia, oaeiaeaoai?ythuaai oeaee ioaeaeueiuo eeoe e
i?aaiecaoeee”.
Eae oeacuaae oiaaeaoiee i?aceaeaio AIA, iiaia ii?aaeaeaiea “iieacuaaao
oe?ieee aeeaiacii ia?eaoeiaa”. Aeaiiay aeenoeeieeia “ia ia?aie/eaaaony
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoueth. Iia iiaeao aeeth/aoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea iaeiiia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee eee ia?eaoeia eaeae eee
oneoa, oae aea eae e i?iaeoeoeee”.
Aeaiiay ?aaioa aace?oaony ia oe?ieii eioaa?e?iaaiiii ii?aaeaeaiee
ia?eaoeiaa. Iii aeinoaoi/ii aeecei e i?eiyoiio a ianoiyuaa a?aiy AIA, ii
ei?i/a: “ Ia?eaoeia – yoi i?aaeaeaeaiea, oi?aaeaiea e oaeiaeaoai?aiea
ni?ina ia oiaa?u, oneoae, i?aaiecaoeee, ethaeae, oa??eoi?ee e eaeae
iin?aaenoaii iaiaia”.
I?aaeaeaeaoue, i?iaiice?iaaoue ni?in iiaeii, oieueei iinoiyiii eco/ay
iio?aaeoaeae oae, /oiau ?ac?aaaouaaoue e i?aaeeaaaoue eiaiii oi, /oi iie
oioyo e a /ai ioaeaeathony.
Oi?aaeaiea ni?inii aeeth/aao a naay noeioee?iaaiea, niaeaenoaea e
?aaoee?iaaiea. Noeioee?iaaoue – cia/eo aucuaaoue o iio?aaeoaeae
no?aieaiea e oiio, /oi i?aaeeaaaaony oe?ia, i?eaeaeaoaeueii ioi?ieyaony
i?iaeoeo, eioaineaii aai ?aeeaie?oy e o.ae. Niaeaenoaea i?aaeiieaaaao,
/oi oe?ia aeaeaao naie i?iaeoeo eaaeiaeinooiiui oece/anee, ii oneiaeyi
e?aaeeoa, oi?ioae eioi?ie?iaaiiinoe i?iaeaaoeia e o.ae. ?aaoee?iaaiea
iaiaoiaeeii, eiaaea nouanoaotho nea/ee a ni?ina, a ia naaeaine?iaaiiue
ni?in ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai aiaea, eee eiaaea ni?in i?aauoaao
i?aaeeiaeaiea. A yoii neo/aa oeaeue – naeaeaoue ni?in aieaa ?aaiiia?iui
a oa/aiee aiaea eee inouanoaeoue “aeaia?eaoeia” oiaa?a eee oneoae.
Oaeiaeaoai?aiea ni?ina aeeth/aao ia oieueei ii?iaeueiia
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea nouanoaothuaai oiaa?a eee oneoae, ii e eo
aaciianiinoue, aeinooiiinoue ?acee/iuo aa?eaioia, iineai?iaeaaeiia
ianeoaeeaaiea e ae?. *oiau oaeiaeaoai?eoue iio?aaeoaey, iaiaoiaeeii
niioaaonoaiaaoue aai iaeeaeaieyi ii anai yoei ia?aiao?ai.
Ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue iiaeao auoue iai?aaeaia eae ia
iio?aaeoaeae, oae e ia ianaeaiea a oeaeii. Iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in
eanaaony oa?aeoa?enoee e iio?aaiinoae eiia/iuo iio?aaeoaeae,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iio?aaeoaeae, eaiaeia nauoa ( oaeeo eae iioiaay e
?icie/iay oi?aiaey ), ainoaea?noaaiiuo aaaeiinoa, ie?iaiai ?uiea e
iaeiiia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee. Oe?ia iiaeao i?eaioe?iaaoue naia
i?aaeeiaeaiea ia anao eee iaeioi?uo ec ieo.
Iauanoaaiiue ni?in ii?aaeaeyaony oa?aeoa?enoeeaie e iio?aaiinoyie
neoaeaueo, i?ionithcia, aeoeeiia?ia, iauaaeeiaiee iio?aaeoaeae,
ianaeaiey a oeaeii, ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e ae?oaeo aioo?aiieo e
aiaoieo nee, eioi?ua aicaeaenoaotho ia aeayoaeueiinoue eiiiaiee.
I?ioeann ia?eaoeiaa caaa?oaao iaiai oiai, /oi i?aaeeaaaao oe?ia, ia
aeaiueae, iaauaiea iieaou, iiaeaea?aeeo oiai, /oi i?aaeeaaatho oe?iu,
i?aaiecaoeee e o.ae.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa – yoi i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iio?aaeoaey,
eioaa?e?iaaiiay oeaeaaay oeeinioey oe?iu, i?aaiecaoeee eee /aeiaaea. A
1954 a. Ieoa? Ae?aea? iiae/a?eeaae aa ?ieue a oniaoa oe?iu. Aai neiaa
noieue aea i?aaeeueiu e naaiaeiy : “ Anee iu oioei ciaoue, /oi oaeia
aecian, iu aeieaeiu ia/aoue n aai oeaee….. nouanoaoao eeoue iaeii
aeinoiaa?iia ii?aaeaeaiea oeaee aeciana – nicaeaiea iio?aaeoaey. Oi, /oi
oe?ia aeoiaao i naiae i?iaeoeoeee, ia naiia aeaaiia, iniaaiii aeey
aoaeouaai aeciana eee aeey aai oniaoa. *oi iio?aaeoaeue aeoiaao i naiae
iieoiea, a /?i ii aeaeeo a? oeaiiinoue – aio /oi eiaao ?aoathuaa
cia/aiea, ii?aaeaeyao nouiinoue aeciana, aai iai?aaeaiiinoue e oainu ia
oniao”.
Iaeii ec ia?auo ioeoeeaeueiuo auneacuaaiee i eiioeaioeee ia?eaoeiaa auei
naeaeaii a 1957 a. Aeaeiiii Iaeeeooa?eeii, oiaaeaoiei i?aceaeaioii oe?iu
“Aeaeaia?ae yeaeo?ee”. Ia canaaeaiee AIA ii oeacae, /oi yoi
eioaa?e?iaaiiay, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iio?aaeoaey e i?eaueue oeeinioey
aeciana.
Yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie eiioeaioeee ii?aaeaeytho eiia/iue oniao
i?iaeoeoa, oneoae, i?aaiecaoeee, /aeiaaea, ?aaeiia eee eaeae.
I?eaioe?iaaoueny ia iio?aaeoaey – cia/eo eco/aoue ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
iiuiinoe, a iio?aaiinoe ?uiea e ?ac?aaaouaaoue ieaiu eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey.
I?e yoii oiaa?u e oneoae – yoi eeoue n?aaenoaa aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaee,
a ia naia oeaeue. N iiceoeee eioaa?e?iaaiiiai ia?eaoeiaa
eii?aeeie?othony ana aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, naycaiiie n oiaa?aie e
oneoaaie: oeiaine?iaaiea, i?iecaiaenoai, eiino?oe?iaaiea, enneaaeiaaiey
e ?ac?aaioee, oi?aaeaiea caianaie e ia?eaoeia. Oe?iu, i?aaiecaoeee e
ethaee aeieaeiu noaaeoue ia?aae niaie oeaee e eniieueciaaoue ia?eaoeia
aeey eo aeinoeaeaiey. Yoeie oeaeyie iiaoo auoue i?eaueue, eaea?noai io
aieacie, aeoeaiue oo?eci, auai?u iieeoe/aneiai eaiaeeaeaoa, oeo/oaiiue
ia?ac ei?ii?aoeee e o.ae. Ia?eaoeia niaeaenoaoao aeinoeaeaieth oeaeae,
i?eaioe?oy i?aaiecaoeee ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaeoaeae e
i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeaeaaiuo oiaa?ia, oneoa eee eaeae.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiieiaoue, /oi oioy eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa e iicaieyao
aiaeece?iaaoue, iaeneiece?iaaoue e oaeiaeaoai?youe iio?aaeoaeueneee
ni?in, iia yaeyaony eeoue ?oeiaiaenoaii e ieaie?iaaieth. I?aaiecaoeey
aeieaeia oaeaea o/eouaaoue e naie neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu a oaeeo
iaeanoyo, eae i?iecaiaenoai, oaoiieiaey, oeiainu e nauo. Ieaiu
ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeiu oaycuaaoue oeaee, o?aaiaaiey iio?aaeoaeae e
?ano?niua aiciiaeiinoe. E?iia oiai, iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieaaoue aicaeaenoaea
eiieo?aioeee, ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e ae?oaea neeu, aiaoiea ii
ioiioaieth e oe?ia.
Ia ?en. 1.1 iieacaiu ?acee/ey iaaeaeo yoeie iiaeoiaeaie. I?aeiouanoaa
ia?aiai iiiai/eneaiiu. Ia?eaoeia aeaeaao oii? ia aiaeec e
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaeoaeae; iai?aaeyao ?ano?nu oe?iu ia ecaioiaeaiea
oiaa?ia e oneoa, eioi?ua ei ioaeiu; ii aaeaioeaai e eciaiaieyi a eo
oa?aeoa?enoeeao e iio?aaiinoyo. Niaeanii yoie oeeinioee, i?iaeaaea –
n?aaenoai iauaiey e eco/aiey iio?aaeoaeae, e anee iie ia oaeiaeaoai?aiu,
iaiaoiaeeii iaiyoue iauoth iieeoeeo, a ia iaiyoue eaeoth-eeai noi?iio
i?ioeanna i?iaeaaee. Ia?eaoeia euao ?aaeueiua ?acee/ey ai aeonao
iio?aaeoaeae e ?ac?aaaouaaao i?aaeeiaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia eo
oaeiaeaoai?aiea. Ii i?eaioe?iaai ia aeieain?i/ioth ia?niaeoeao, e aai
oeaee io?aaeatho iauea caaea/e eiiiaiee. Iaeiiaoe, ia?eaoeia
?anniao?eaaao iio?aaiinoe iio?aaeoaeae nei?aa a oe?ieii , /ai a oceii
niunea.
NAUO
I?iecaiaenoai ?aaeecaoeey
Iio?aaeaiea
IA?EAOEIA
Ioeaiea Eioaa?e?iaaiiua Oaeiaeaoai?aiea
Aeinoeaeaiea
o?aaiaaiee ia?eaoeiaiaua iio?aaeoaeae
oeaeae
iio?aaeoaeae oneiaey
i?aaiecaoeee
?en. 1.1 Nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaiaiai e nauoiaiai iiaeoiaeia
Ana ethaee iio?aaeytho oa eee eiua oiaa?u e oneoae. Ia?eaoeia iicaieyao
ei noaoue aieaa eioi?ie?iaaiiuie, ecae?aoaeueiuie e yooaeoeaiuie. Iiaoo
nicaeaaaoueny aieaa aeaenoaaiiua eaiaeu naycae n i?aaiecaoeeyie, a
oaeaea eaa/a e aeaaii?eyoiaa oaeiaeaoai?youeny aeaeiau. Cia/eoaeueii
aicaeaenoaotho ia oe?iu iauaaeeiaiey iio?aaeoaeae. A neeo ia?aie/aiiinoe
?ano?nia ia?eaoeiaiaua i?ia?aiiu e nenoaiu aeieaeiu eniieueciaaoueny
iaeneiaeueii. Iai?eia?, iioeiecaoeey ?aai/aai ?aaeeia iaaaceiia,
aeaeaeaiey caiania, ?anoiaeia ia ?aeeaio, oiaa?iiai anni?oeiaioa e
ae?oaeo iaeanoae ia?eaoeiaa oeo/oaao eii?aeeiaoeeth ?ano?nia. Iaeioi?ua
io?anee yeiiiieee iiaoo o?aaiaaoue e aeaia?eaoeiaa. *anoi yoi ioaeii
aeey iaooe e aaiceia.
Ia?eaoeia cia/eoaeueii aeeyao ia aicc?aiey ethaeae e ia?ac aeecie.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, aai e?eoeeiaaee ca iiiu?aiea “iio?aaeoaeuenoaa”,
anaaiciiaeiuo i?e/oae, i?aaeiaia?aiiiai onoa?aaaiey oiaa?ia,
aeaiiino?aoeaiiai iio?aaeaiey, eneonnoaaiioth aeeooa?aioeeaoeeth
i?iaeoeoeee e ?anoiaeiaaiea ?ano?nia. Ia?eaoieiae ioaa/atho, /oi iie
i?inoi ?aaae?otho ia aeaeaiey ethaeae e ecaioiaeytho iaeeo/oea
aiciiaeiua oiaa?u e oneoae ii oeaiai, eioi?ua ethaee aioiau ieaoeoue.
Ia?eaoeia niaeaenoaoao oeo/oaieth ea/anoaa aeecie. Iai?eia?,
niaoeeaeenou a yoie iaeanoe noeioee?otho oe?iu ecaioiaeyoue aieaa
aaciianiua oiaa?u, oaeea, eae neaa?aou n ieceei niaea?aeaieai niie e
aaciianiua aeey aeaoae e?uoee aeey aooueie; ?ac?aaaouaatho ia?auaiey e
iauanoaaiiinoe ii aii?inai yeiiiiee yia?aee, ea/aiey aieaciae,
aaciianiinoe aiaeaeaiey, ceioiio?aaeaiey aeeiaieai e ae?.; iiiiaatho
i?eciaieth e ?ani?ino?aiaieth iiauo oiaa?ia, eaeae e oneoa.
Ianooaau ia?eaoeiaa /?acau/aeii oe?iee. Ii naycai n oeaiiia?aciaaieai,
neeaaee?iaaieai, oiaeiaeie, nicaeaieai oi?aiaie ia?ee, nauoii,
oi?aaeaieai oi?aiaui ia?niiaeii, e?aaeeoii, o?ainii?oe?iaeie,
nioeeaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth, auai?ii iano aeey ?aciauaiey ?icie/iuo
iaaaceiia, eco/aiea iiio?aaeoaeae, iioiaie e ?icie/iie oi?aiaeae,
?aeeaiie, ioiioaieyie n iauanoaaiiinoueth, ?uii/iuie enneaaeiaaieyie,
ieaie?iaaieai oiaa?ia e i?aaeinoaaeaieai aa?aioee.
Iniiaiuie ooieoeeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony : aiaeec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
?uii/iua enneaaeiaaiey, aiaeec iio?aaeoaeae, ieaie?iaaiea oiaa?a
(oneoae), ieaie?iaaiea nauoa, ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?ia,
ieaie?iaaiea oeaiu, iaania/aiea nioeeaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii. Ianiio?y ia oi /oi iiiaea iia?aoeee o?aaotho
auiieiaiey iaeiioeiiuo ooieoeee, oaeeo, eae aiaeec iio?aaeoaeae,
i?iaeaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee e onoaiiaeaiea oeaiu, iie iiaoo auiieiyoueny
?acee/iuie niiniaaie.
Noauaeou ia?eaoeiaa aeeth/atho i?iecaiaeeoaeae e i?aaiecaoeee
ianeoaeeaaiey, iioiaua e ?icie/iua oi?aiaua i?aaiecaoeee, niaoeeaeenoia
ii ia?eaoeiao e ?acee/iuo iio?aaeoaeae. Eae iieacaii ia ?en. 1.2, o
eaaeaeiai ec ieo naiy ?ieue. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi oioy ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca auiieiaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ooieoeee iiaeao aeaeaae?iaaoueny e
?ani?aaeaeyoueny ?acee/iuie niiniaaie, nianai e a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa
i?aiaa?a/ue iaeuecy, iie aeieaeiu iaycaoaeueii eai-oi auiieiyoueny. Ii
iiiaei i?e/eiai iaeei noauaeo iau/ii ia aa??o ia naay auiieiaiea anao
ia?eaoeiaiauo ooieoeee:
– iiiaea i?iecaiaeeoaee ia ?aniieaaatho aeinoaoi/iuie oeiainiauie
?ano?naie aeey i?yiiai ia?eaoeiaa;
– i?yiie ia?eaoeia /anoi o?aaoao io i?iecaiaeeoaeae auionea
niioonoaothuae i?iaeoeoeee eee i?iaeaaee niioaaonoaothueo oiaa?ia
ae?oaeo oe?i;
– i?aaiecaoeey iiaeao ia iiii/ue eee ia oioaoue auiieiyoue ii?aaeae?iiua
ooieoeee e euao aeey yoeo oeaeae niaoeeaeenoia ii ia?eaoeiao;
– iiiaea i?aaiecaoeee neeoeii iaeu aeey yooaeoeaiiai auiieiaiey
ii?aaeae?iiuo ooieoeee;
– aeey iiiaeo oiaa?ia e oneoa oaea nouanoaotho io?aaioaiiua iaoiaeu
?aaeecaoeee, e iaieoe eo o?oaeii;
Eiia/iue
iio?aaeoaeue
I?iecaiaeeoaeue
I?aaiecaoeee-
eee ianeoaeeaathuay
iio?aaeoaee
i?aaiecaoeey
Iniiaiua
noauaeou
ia?eaoeiaa
Iioiaay
Niaoeeaeenou ii
oi?aiaey
ia?eaoeiao
?icie/iay
oi?aiaey
?en. 1.2 Eoi auiieiyao ia?eaoeiaiaua ooieoeee
Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue – naiuey eee /aeiaae, eioi?ue iieoiaao oiaa?u eee
oneoae aeey ee/iiai, naiaeiiai eee aeiiaoiaai iio?aaeaiey.
I?iecaiaeeoaeue eee ianeoaeeaathuay i?aaiecaoeey – eiiiaiey eee /aeiaae,
auioneathuea oiaa?u eee ieacuaathuea oneoae.
I?aaiecaoeee-iio?aaeoaee – i?aaiecaoeey e ethaee, i?eia?aoathuea oiaa?u
e oneoae aeey iieueciaaiey a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iioiaay oi?aiaey – i?aaiecaoeee eee ethaee, i?eia?aoathuea i?iaeoeoeeth
aeey ia?ai?iaeaaee a? ?icie/iie oi?aiaea e/eee i?iiuoeaiiui,
i?aaiecaoeeiiiui e eiiia?/aneei iio?aaeoaeyi
Niaoeeaeenou ii ia?eaoeiao – i?aaiecaoeey eee ethaee,
niaoeeaeece?othueany ia eiie?aoiuo ia?eaoeiaiauo ooieoeeyo.
?icie/iay oi?aiaey – i?aaiecaoeey eee ethaee, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo
naycaia n i?iaeaaeae oiaa?ia e oneoa eiia/iui iio?aaeoaeyi
A nia?aiaiiii auno?ieciaiythuainy ie?a, eiaaea ?uii/iay eiieo?aioeey
noaiiaeony ana aieaa aeanoieie, ii ia ca n/ao oaeoi?a oeaiu, a a
?acoeueoaoa iiyaeaiey aieaa eciu?aiiuo, oiieeo iaoiaeia e oi?i
niia?ie/anoaa oe?i ia ?uiea, aeaaiay caiiaaaeue ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
i?aaei?eyoey oaea ia iiaeao caeeth/aoueny oieueei a no?aieaiee nieaeaoue
ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa. Auaeeaaiea i?aaei?eyoey ana /aua
iaoneiaeeaaaony aeaenoaeai oaeoi?ia aieaa aeieain?i/iiai ii?yaeea,
iaaeaee i?inoi yeiiiiey ia eaeeo-eeai aeaeao i?yiuo eee iaeeaaeiuo
?anoiaeia.
I?aaei?eyoey, ooieoeeiie?othuea ia noaaeeueiii ?uiea, a io?aneyo, ia
iiaeaa?aeaiiuo auno?ui ia?aiaiai, iau/ii ai?ieenue ca naith, aiieia
ii?aaeae?iioth aeieth ia ?uiea. A naie ?uiee ?inee iinoieueeo,
iineieueeo aic?anoaea /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey. E caeanue eeanne/aneie
?uii/iie no?aoaaeae oe?iu auei oaaee/aiea naiae aeiee ia iaia/aiiii
?uiea ca n/?o nieaeaiey oeai e ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee.
Aeiey ?uiea, eiio?iee?oaiiai aeaiiie oe?iie, a yoeo oneiaeyo ia iiaea
auoue i/aiue aieueoie. Io/anoe iioiio, /oi ethaay iiiiiieey
?anniao?eaaeanue iauanoaii eae cei e i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?acaeouo
yeiiiie/aneeo no?ai n/eoaee, /oi eiieo?aioeey iaiaoiaeeia, /oiau
naeaeaoue oeaiu ia oiaa?u i?eaieaiuie aeey iio?aaeoaeae. Naaiaeiy aea
iiiuoee eneaoue iooe oaaee/aiey i?eauee oieueei ca n/ao nieaeaiey
ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa, iniaaiii i?e iaee/ee eiieo?aioeee n aaaeoueie
oe?iaie, ?aii eee iicaeii iai?a/eaathony aeey i?aaei?eyoey aaie?ionoaii
eee ia?aoiaeii a ?ac?yae aeeaoueo ia aeioaoeee ec ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa.
Eaeei au eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiui e eiiiaoaioiui ie auei ?oeiaiaenoai
i?aaei?eyoey, eaeeie au oaeaioaie e niiniaiinoyie ie iaeaaeaee aai
?oeiaiaeeoaee e eiaeaia?u, iie i/aiue nei?i niiaoo oaaaeeoueny a oii,
/oi a oneiaeyo aeanoeie eiieo?aioeee ia ?uiea nieceoue o?iaaiue
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia a naiae eiiiaiee ieaea ii?aaeae?iiiai
i?aaeaea i?aeoe/anee auaaao iaaiciiaeii. Aianoa n oai, anee au ia?aoeoa
aieiaiea a ae?oaoth noi?iio e ia/iaoa oai eneaoue iooe oaaee/aiey
aeioiaeia aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey e oaaee/aiey iau?ia i?iaeaae, oi oaeaeeoa,
/oi aeey aan ioe?uaathony iienoeia aaca?aie/iua aiciiaeiinoe. Aeey yoiai
ioaeii oieueei io/aoeeai i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa, a /ai eiaiii ninoiyo
i?aeiouanoaa aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa. Naeaeaoue yoi
iiaeii, oieueei iie?aynue ia nia?aiaiiue ia?eaoeia, ciay e iiieiay
nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu eco/aiey ?uiea, iio?aaeoaeae, i?iaeoeoia,
eiieo?aioia, eioi?ua a?auathony ia iaeiie e oie aea eee aeeceie e aaoae
?uii/iie i?aeoa. A eioi?iaoeeiiioth y?o, eiaaea ioaeaeu e cai?inu
iio?aaeoaeae auno?i ?ani?ino?aiythony ii anaio naaoo, eiaaea iie
noaiiayony /?acau/aeii eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaiiuie, a ?uiee – i/aiue
?aciiia?aciuie ii naiae no?oeoo?a, ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoey, anee iii
no?aieoueny e i?aoniaaaieth ia ?uiea, aeieaeii iaoeinieoaeueii
neaaeiaaoue i?aaeeo: aeaeaoue i?aaeaea anaai noaaeo ia oaaee/aiea
aeioiaeia, a ia ia nieaeaiea ecaea?aeae. Ieeiaaea ?aiaa i?aaei?eyoey ia
ieacuaaeanue a oaeie neooaoeee, eae nae/an. Ana ?uiee ?acaeaeaiu ia
iiiaeanoai naaiaioia. Niaoeeaeecaoeey aeinoeaea oaeiai o?iaiy, /oi
inoaaony i/aiue iaei i?ino?ainoaa iaaeaeo aeaoiy niaaeiuie naaiaioaie
iaeiiai e oiai aea ?uiea.
Nia?aiaiiia i?iecaiaenoai aeieaeii niioaaonoaiaaoue neaaeothuei
ia?aiao?ai:
1. Iaeaaeaoue aieueoie aeaeinoueth, niiniaiinoueth auno?i iaiyoue
anni?oeiaio ecaeaeee. AEeciaiiue oeeee i?iaeoeoeee naaiaeiy noae eae
ieeiaaea ei?ioeei, ?aciiia?acea anni?oeiaioa ecaeaeee – auoa, a
na?eeiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, iau?i ia?oee ?aciaiai auionea – aieueoa.
Iiyoiio i?iecaiaenoai, iai?aaeaiiia ia auione ianniaie,
noaiaea?oece?iaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaioe?iaaiiie eeoue ia no?iaia
niioaaonoaea noaiaea?oai; niaoeeoeeaoeeyi, oaoie/aneei oneiaeyi, ia
niiniaiia iinoiyiii i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e cai?inai ?aaeueiuo, /anoi
iaaieueoeo a?oii iio?aaeoaeae, naaiaeiy ia?a/aii ia aaie?ionoai.
2. Oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa oneiaeieeanue ianoieueei, /oi naaiaeiy
o?aaothony niaa?oaiii iiaua oi?iu eiio?iey, i?aaiecaoeee e ?acaeaeaiey
o?oaea. Iuoeaiea eaoaai?eyie nai?i/iuo eeiee, no?aieaiea oaeoaeoue
oaoiieiae/aneia ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea, ?acaeoue ?aaiou ia ioaeaeueiua
/anoe/iua iia?aoeee, ieaie?iaaiea ii i?eioeeio “io aeinoeaiooiai”
naaiaeiy aaniethoii iai?eaieaii, anee ana?ue?c noaaeoue aii?in i
iiauoaiee eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?iaeoeoeee.
3. O?aaiaaiey e ea/anoao ia i?inoi aic?inee, a niaa?oaiii eciaieee
oa?aeoa?. Naaiaeiy iaei auioneaoue oi?iooth i?iaeoeoeeth, iaiaoiaeeii
aua aeoiaoue ia i?aaiecaoeee iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, i
i?aaeinoaaeaiee a aunoae noaiaie eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaiiui a naieo
cai?inao iio?aaeoaeyi aeiiieieoaeueiuo oe?iaiiuo oneoa.
4. ?acei eciaieeanue no?oeoo?a ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa. Ia aeieth
ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aai/eo, iai?eia?, a io?aneyo i?iiuoeaiiinoe NOA
i?eoiaeeony io 2 aei 10 % iauae noieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee. Iaeiia?aiaiii ana
aieaa aic?anoaao aeiey ecaea?aeae, naycaiiuo n ?aaeecaoeeae i?iaeoeoeee.
I?eaioaoeey oieueei ia nieaeaiea i?yiuo cao?ao o?oaea, aoaeue oi
iiauoaiea ii?i au?aaioee eee caiauaiea aeeaiai o?oaea eaieoaeii e
yia?aeae, iaei niinianoaoao iauaio iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa, oe?aieaieth eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
An? yoi o?aaoao i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo iiaeoiaeia e oi?aaeaieth e
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, iiaeoiaeia, eioi?ua iicaieeee au oniaoii
?aoaoue, eacaeinue au, acaeiieneeth/athuea caaea/e: iiauoaoue aeaeinoue
i?iecaiaenoaa, auno?i iaiyoue anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee a niioaaonoaee n
cai?inaie iio?aaeoaey, iia?aoeaii aiaae?youe iiaoth oaoieeo e
oaoiieiaeth a i?iecaiaenoai, aeaeea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua nenoaiu, eiiaaea
?ac?aaioaiiua i?yii ia oii i?aaei?eyoee, aaea iie onoaiaaeeaathony, e
iaeiia?aiaiii eiaoue ieieioi caiania eiiieaeoothueo oceia, aeaoaeae e
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, iiauoaoue ea/anoai i?e iinoiyiiii nieaeaiee
ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.
Aeaeinoue a oi?aaeaiee, oiaiea auno?i ia?ano?ieoueny, ia oionoeoue
iiaua aiciiaeiinoe, ioe?uaaaiua ?uieii eee IOI, naaiaeiy noaiiayony
eoaea aieaa aaaeiuie, /ai “?aoeeiiaeueiinoue” oi?aaeaiey ai anao a?
oi?iao – io aeinoeaeaiey oii?yaei/aiiinoe ooieoeee, eo
iiaeeiio?ieueiinoe e niioaaonoaey eino?oeoeeyi, oeiiaui oi?iai aei
yeiiiiee ia oi?aaeai/aneeo ?anoiaeao.
Naiinoiyoaeueiie i?iaeaiie yaeyaony e iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ii nauoo i?iaeoeoeee. I?aaeaea anaai
neaaeoao an? aieueoa aieiaiey oaeaeyoue iiauoaieth nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey
iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, nie?auaieth anao aeaeia caiania, aeiaeaaoueny
iaeneiaeueii auno?iai i?iaeaeaeaiey aioiauo ecaeaeee io i?iecaiaeeoaey e
iio?aaeoaeth. A nouiinoe, caianu aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee a ethaii aeaea
eeoue ianee?otho ieioia oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaii. Ca yoei ne?uaaaony
eee ieceia ea/anoai ecaeaeee, ianiioaaonoaea eo cai?inai iio?aaeoaeae,
eee ieioay i?aaiecaoeey niaaaeaiee e nauoa. Ia iiiaeo i?aaei?eyoeyo NOA
aeey auiieiaiey iia?aoeee ii ono?aiaieth aeaoaeoia ia einiaeoeeth
ea/anoaa ioaeaeaaony io 15 aei 40% i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae.
Ecaea?aeee ii ono?aiaieth a?aea ninoaaeytho io 20 aei 40% iauae
noieiinoe i?iaeaae, ia n/eoay ?anoiaeia ii aa?aioeeiiio ianeoaeeaaieth.
O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e i?iecaiaenoao, oneiaey oicyenoaaiiie
n?aaeu, a eioi?uo i?aaenoieo iia?e?iaaoue i?aaei?eyoeyi naaiaeiy,
iiauoatho ?ieue ia?eaoeiaa aeey oniaoiie eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey. ?ieue ia?eaoeiaa oaeaea aic?anoaao e a nenoaia
ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee. I?e yoii
aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ana aieueoea eciaiaiey i?aoa?iaaaao naia
eiioeaioeey i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaoeiaa. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ana aieueoa
aieiaiey oaeaeyaony niaa?oainoaiaaieth eniieuecoaiiai caeanue
eino?oiaioa?ey, a n ae?oaie – nai ia?eaoeia i?eieiaao ana aieaa
eiiieaeniue oa?aeoa?.
Iniiaa anae nenoaiu ieaie?iaaiey a oneiaeyo ?uiea – ninoaaeaiea
i?iaiica nauoa. Aeaaiue ieaie?oaiue iieacaoaeue caeanue – iau?i i?iaeaae
eiie?aoiiai aeaea ecaeaeee. Iiyoiio ia?aay caaea/a ?oeiaiaenoaa
i?aaei?eyoey eee oe?iu – ii?aaeaeaiea, /oi iii e a eaeeo eiee/anoaao
iiaeao i?iaeaoue ia ?uiea. Eia/a aiai?y, iaiaoiaeeii ec oao aeaeia
i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ua i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao a i?eioeeia auioneaoue ( a
niioaaonoaee n eiathueieny iai?oaeiaaieai, oaoiieiaeae, enoi/ieeaie
niaaaeaiey nu?uey, iaoa?eaeaie, eiiieaeoothueie, ni naiei
ianoiiieiaeaieai, eiioeao?aoeeae o?ainii?oiuo naycae e iiiaeie ae?oaeie
oaeoi?aie, ii?aaeaeythueie oa?aeoa? ethaie oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe), aua?aoue oa ecaeaeey, eioi?ua iieuecothony eee aoaeoo
iieueciaaoueny a aoaeouai iaeaieueoei ni?inii o iio?aaeoaeae. Caoai
iiaeii i?enooieoue e ?ac?aaioea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu.
Ia iniiaa i?iaiicia nauoa no?ieony ieaie?iaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie e
oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?eieiathony ?aoaiey i oii, eoaea e a eaeeo
iau?iao iai?aaeyoue eiaanoeoeee, eaeea aeiiieieoaeueiua
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe iio?aaothony i?aaei?eyoeth e /a?ac eaeie
ia?eiae a?aiaie, eaeea iiaua enoi/ieee niaaaeaiey neaaeoao iouneaoue,
eaeea eiino?oeoi?neea ?ac?aaioee eee oaoie/aneea iiaeiee caionoeoue a
i?iecaiaenoai e o.i. Anoanoaaiii, /oi i?iaiic nauoa – yoi ana-oaee
i?iaiic. ?ieue neo/aeiuo eee iii?inoo iao/o?iiuo oaeoi?ia, eo
aicaeaenoaea ia oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoee ?aciuo io?aneae a
oneiaeyo ?uiea aeinoaoi/ii aaeeee. Iiyoiio i?iaiic anaaaea iineo a
ii?aaeae?iiie noaiaie aa?iyoiue oa?aeoa?.
Ii aeaaiia ioee/ea nenoaiu aioo?eoe?iaiiiai e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
ieaie?iaaiey a oneiaeyo ?uiea io nenoaiu oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai
aee?aeoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey eee i?inoi io ?aaiou ii ainoaea?noaaiiui
caeacai caeeth/aaony a ecia/aeueiie i?eaioaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa ia
iio?aaeoaey, ia aiaeec aai ioaeae, cai?inia e i?aaeii/oaiee, a
no?aieaiee i?iecaiaenoaa iaeneiaeueii /ooei n?aaae?iaaoue ia ethaua
eciaiaiey a ninoaaa iio?aaeoaeae, aeaaea ia eo ?aaeoeee ia oa eee eiua
iauanoaaiiua yaeaiey eee iieeoe/aneea i?ioeannu. An? yoi aoie eee eiie
noaiaie oiaea iiaeao io?aceoueny ia ni?ina, i?e/?i iaiaeeaeaiiui
ia?acii. E iaeia ec caaea/ ia?eaoeiaa – aia?aiy oeiaeoue yoe eciaiaiey,
a au? eo/oa – i?aaeaeaeaoue eo. I?iaiicu nauoa iaiaoiaeeiu anai
iiae?acaeaeaieyi i?aaei?eyoey, anee ?a/ue eae?o i ?aaioa ia ?uiie.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua e oaoiieiae/aneea neoaeau ioaeaeathony a ieo, /oiau
ii?aaeaeeoue anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, niioaaonoaothuei
ia?acii iiaeaioiaeoue iai?oaeiaaiea, inianoeo, i?eniiniaeaiey. Neoaeau
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey a niioaaonoaee n i?iaiicaie nauoa
ii?aaeaeytho a?aoee iinoaaie nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia, ?acia?u ia?oee
eiiieaeoothueo, oeiainiaua neoaeau – ?acia?u iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa,
?anoiaeu ia iieaoo o?oaea e i?i/ea cao?aou a i?aaenoiyuee ia?eiae.
I?iaiicu nauoa iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia e?aoein?i/iua, n?aaeian?i/iua e
aeieain?i/iua. A caaeneiinoe io io?aneaaie niaoeeoeee, oa?aeoa?a
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aciiia?acey anni?oeiaioa, ?aaeiiia nauoa
?acee/iuie i?aaei?eyoeyie o?aaothony oa eee eiua aeaeu i?iaiicia. Ii a
ethaii neo/aa ia?eaoeia ea?aao i?e ninoaaeaiee i?iaiicia nauoa
eeth/aaoth ?ieue.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiue aeae i?iaiica nauoa – i?iaiic ia oeiainiaue e
eaeaiaea?iue aiae. Ii eniieuecoaony a ea/anoaa iniiau aeey ieaie?iaaiey
iio?aaiinoae a oeiainao, i?iaeoeoeee, ?aai/ae neea, aeey ninoaaeaiey
niao ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa. Oaeea i?iaiicu /anoi ?acaeaathony ia
iieoaiaeiaua e eaa?oaeueiua ia?eiaeu. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ia?eiaea, ia
eioi?ue ninoaaeyaony i?iaiic nauoa, iiaeao aace?iaaoueny ia naciiiuo
iio?aaiinoyo a i?iaeoeoeee eee ia aeeeoaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
oeeeea i?aaei?eyoey. Anee aeey i?aa?auaiey nu?uey a aioiaoth
i?iaeoeoeeth o?aaoaony 6 ianyoeaa, i?iaiic nauoa ioaaouaaao iieoaiaeiaie
ia?eiae. Oae, aeey ecaioiaeaiey ia?oee aeaienaciiiuo iaeueoi eee
ioaeneeo /enoioa?noyiiuo einothiia, ae?oaeo oaaeiuo ecaeaeee aiaeiae/iie
neiaeiinoe o?aaoaony io 10 aei 14 iaaeaeue. Niioaaonoaaiii aiaeiaua
i?iaiicu nauoa ia i?aaei?eyoeyo yoie io?anee aeieaeiu iaycaoaeueii
eiaoue iieaa?oaeueioth ?acaeaeo, n oeacaieai iau?ia i?iaeaae ii
eaaeaeiio aeaeo ecaeaeey ia eaaeaeue eaa?oae.
N?aaeian?i/iua i?iaiicu ioaaouaatho ia?eiae io 2 aei 5 eao. Iie, a
nouiinoe, yeno?aiiee?otho neiaeeaoeany oaiaeaioeee nauoa ia oii eee eiii
?uiea ia aoaeouaa n o/?oii aicaeaenoaey i?aaeiieaaaaiuo eciaiaiee a
/eneaiiinoe e ninoaaa ianaeaiey, oicyenoaaiiie eiiutheoo?u, aeaenoaey
ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia. Oaeea i?iaiicu eniieuecothony aeey onoaiiaeaiey n?ieia
ii?aaeae?iiuo ia?ii?eyoee, a oii /enea e a iaeanoe ia?eaoeiaa, ec
eioi?uo neeaaeuaaaony no?aoaaey nauoa i?aaei?eyoey eee nauoa. Iai?eia?,
i?aaei?eyoea ia/eiaao inaaeaaoue i?eioeeieaeueii iiaia aeey naay
ecaeaeea. ?uiie aeey aeaiiiai aeaea i?iaeoeoeee oaea aeaaii iiaeae?i, e
eiieo?aioeey aeey iiaiai i?iecaiaeeoaey, oae iacuaaaiiai aoonaeaea?a,
caeanue i/aiue neeueiay. Anee ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoey aa?eo a iiaia
ecaeaeea, n/eoaao, /oi ii oaoie/aneiio o?iaith, ea/anoao, oeaia iii
aeieaeii iaeoe nauo, oi aeey oniaoa ia ?uiea ninoaaeaiey oieueei
aiaeiaiai i?iaiica iaaeinoaoi/ii.
I?e ioeaiea aiciiaeiinoae i?aaei?eyoey a ?an/?o aeieaeiu i?eieiaoueny
ia oieueei iau?iu nauoa iiaiai ecaeaeey a aaniethoiii au?aaeaiee a
oaeouai aiaeo, ii e oaiiu ?inoa iau?iia ?aaeecaoeee. Anee nauo iiaie
i?iaeoeoeee ia ia/aeueiie noaaeee auno?i oaaee/eaaaony, oi i?e
ninoaaeaiee n?aaeian?i/iiai i?iaiica aiieia iiaeii aeiionoeoue
aeaeueiaeoee ?ino iau?iia ?aaeecaoeee, anee ?a/ue eae?o i
oe?ia-aoonaeaea?a ia aeaiiii ?uiea. Ninoaaeaiea n?aaeian?i/iiai i?iaiica
aea?o ?oeiaiaenoao i?aaei?eyoey eioi?iaoeeth, aac eioi?ie iaeuecy
i?eiyoue aa?iiai ?aoaiey a iaeanoe eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeee.
Inouanoaeaiea cia/eoaeueiuo eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee a i?iecaiaenoai e oai
aieaa no?ieoaeuenoai iiauo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae aeey auionea
iiaiai ecaeaeey naycaii n aeeeoaeueiui ia?eiaeii ieoiaaiinoe yoeo
cao?ao. N?aaeian?i/iue i?iaiic nauoa iicaieyao ioeaieoue, ianeieueei
yooaeoeaiie yaeyaony aeaiiay eiaanoeoeeiiiay i?ia?aiia, i?eaueue
i?eianoo eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey a ia?aueaaiea i?iecaiaenoaa iiaiai ecaeaeey
iinea caaa?oaiey no?ieoaeuenoaa niioaaonoaothueo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iiuiinoae, aeano ioaao ia aii?in :”Eiaao ee aiiaua niune aeeaaeuaaoue
aeaiueae a yoio i?iaeo?”.
Aeieain?i/iua i?iaiicu iiaoo ?ac?aaaouaaoueny ia n?ie io 5 aei 50 eao.
Cia/aiea aeieain?i/iiai i?iaiice?iaaiey aeey i?aaei?eyoey oaeaea ai
iiiaii caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, oaoiieiae/aneie e
eiiia?/aneie niaoeeoeeaoeee. Oae, i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua aeiauaatho
nu?ue?, /anoi ieaie?otho ?ac?aaioeo iiauo ianoi?iaeaeaiee e
oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey aeey eo inaiaiey caaeieai aei oiai, eae
iie oaeoe/anee iiiaaeiayony ( eiiaaea ca 20-25 eao). Oaeiai ?iaea
i?iaiicu iacaiaieiu i?e i?iaaaeaiee e?oiiiianooaaiuo IEIE?.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi /ai ei?i/a ia?eiae i?iaiice?iaaiey, oai oi/iaa i?iaiic
nauoa. I?e oaeeeiaiee ia?eiaea, ia eioi?ue ninoaaeyaony i?iaiic,
oaaee/eaaaony /enei ia?aiaiiuo, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii i?eieiaoue ai
aieiaiea. Iaeiicia/ii oeacaoue, eaeei ia?acii, n iiiiuueth eaeiai
iaoiaea ia oii eee eiii i?aaei?eyoee iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii
?ac?aaaouaaoue i?iaiic nauoa, iaeuecy. Iau/ii iiaeao iio?aaiaaoueny
ianeieueei eao, iiea ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoey au?aaioaao iaeaieaa
iiaeoiaeyuoth aeey naay oi?ioeo oniaoiiai ninoaaeaiey i?iaiicia nauoa ia
?acee/iua ia?eiaeu a?aiaie. Iaei oiai, o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e
nia?aiaiiiio i?iecaiaenoao, oaeiau, /oi yooaeoeaiay naaiaeiy iaoiaeeea
iiaeao ia?anoaoue auoue oaeiaie caao?a. Iiyoiio i?e ninoaaeaiee
i?iaiicia nauoa anaaaea iaiaoiaeei i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec ?uiea, ia
eioi?ii i?aaei?eyoea ieaie?oao nauo naiae i?iaeoeoeee. Caeanue aaaeioth
?ieue ea?atho, ia oieueei iaoiaeu aiaeeca, ii e i?aaeeueiue ioai?
enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee. I?e aiaeeca ?uiea i?aaenoieo o/anoue oaiaeaioeee
a yeiiiieea no?aiu a oeaeii, neooaoeeth a io?anee e niioianoe eo n
oeiainiaui iieiaeaieai i?aaei?eyoey, n eiathueieny ieaiaie
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee e ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa. Anee i?aaei?eyoea ieaie?oao
eee oaea inouanoaeyao nauo cia/eoaeueiie /anoe naiae i?iaeoeoeee ca
?oaaaeii, oi i?e ninoaaeaiee i?iaiica nauoa a oeaeii iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea
eniieueciaaoue eioi?iaoeeth i neooaoeee ia ?uiea a oie no?aia, eoaea
yenii?oe?oaony i?iaeoeoeey.
I?aaeaea /ai i?enooieoue e aiaeeco ?uiea naiaai i?aaei?eyoey ii
eaeie-eeai iaoiaeeea, iaiaoiaeeii iciaeiieoueny n iaoa?eaeaie
ainoaea?noaaiiie noaoenoeee ioiineoaeueii iieiaeaiey a aeaiiie io?anee
i?iiuoeaiiinoe. I?eaiaeeoueny iiaeao ethaay eioi?iaoeey i aeeiaieea
oeai, iio?aaeoaeueneiai aeioiaea ( ca?aaioiie ieaou ), aeaiia?aoe/aneeo
eciaiaieyo e aeaaea i iniaaiiinoyo iiaiaeii-eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaee a
aeaiiii ?aaeiia ia i?aaenoiyuee nacii. Aeaeaa iaiaoiaeeii ia/aoue nai?
eioi?iaoeee i aiciiaeiuo eiieo?aioao ia ?uiea. Caeanue oeaeaniia?acii
ia?auaoueny n oaeeie enoi/ieeaie eioi?iaoeee, eae aiaeiaua io/aou
aeoeeiia?iuo eiiiaiee, eiiia?/aneea enneaaeiaaiey niaoeeaeueiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, iaoa?eaeu aeaeiaie ia?eiaee/aneie ia/aoe, io/aou oi?aiauo
aaaioia, i?aaei?eyoee ?icie/iie e iioiaie oi?aiaee, ae?oaeo nauoiauo
iin?aaeieeia ia o?iaia caiania i?iaeoeoeee, i ?aaeoeee iio?aaeoaeae ia
iinoaaeo oie eee eiie ia?oee oiaa?ia.
I?e ninoaaeaiee i?iaiica nauoa aaaeii oaeaea, /oiau aeaiiua ia?eaoeiaa
oaycuaaeenue n oaie ia?ii?eyoeyie, i?iaiaeeiuie ia i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua
eiatho iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ioiioaiea e nauoo i?iaeoeoeee. I?aaeaea anaai
?oeiaiaenoao i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oaeea
aii?inu, eae aiciiaeiinoe eciaiaiey oeai ia auioneaaiua ecaeaeey a
aoaeouai, i?aaeiieaaaaiua eciaiaiey a eaiaeao ?ani?aaeaeaiey e oi?iao
?aaeecaoeee ecaeaeee, i?aaiecaoeey i?ia?aiiu i?iaeaeaeaiey ecaeaeee ia
?uiea , aiciiaeiinoe aiaae?aiey a i?iecaiaenoai iiauo ecaeaeee,
ia?aueaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, i?eaea/aiey ia?aieeanniuo
oi?aiauo eee nauoiauo iin?aaeieeia. Iniaaiii aaaeii niecia?youe
aiciiaeiinoe ia?aueaaiey nauoa, oaaee/aiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a aeaea
ioa?oaeaiiie, ii ia iiea/aiiie iio?aaeoaeyie i?iaeoeoeee, ae?oaeo oi?i
e?aaeeoiaaiey nauoa n oeiainiaui ninoiyieai i?aaei?eyoey, n aeaeaeaieai
eeeaeaeiinoe (naiaiaeiuo n?aaenoa).
I?e ?ac?aaioea i?iaiica nauoa aaaeai eiiieaeniue iiaeoiae. Nouanoaoao
iiiai ?acee/iuo iaoiaeia i?iaiice?iaaiey. N?aaee ieo iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiuie yaeythony:
1. Ii?in a?oiiu ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?acee/iuo neoaea e ioaeaeia i?aaei?eyoey.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueii yoe ?oeiaiaeeoaee aeieaeiu iieo/eoue niioaaonoaothuoth
eioi?iaoeeth ioiineoaeueii ?uiea. A oaeii neo/aa nianoaaiii i?iaiic
nauoa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia/oi “n?aaeiaa” ec acaeyaeia e iaiaoie
ii?aoeaaaiie a?oiiu ?oeiaiaeeoaeae. Iiaeiaiue iaoiae ninoaaeaiey
i?iaiica iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeeo aeey iiauo i?aaei?eyoee, ia eiathueo
aeinoaoi/iiai iiuoa a eniieueciaaiee ae?oaeo iaoiaeia. Yoio niinia
i?eiaiei e oiaaea, eiaaea ionoonoaoao aeaoaeece?iaaiiua ?an/aou i
ninoiyiee ?uiea, iao iieiie noaoenoeee i oaiaeaioeee nauoa oao eee eiuo
aeaeia ecaeaeee.
2. Iaiauaiea ioeaiie ioaeaeueiuo oi?aiauo aaaioia i?aaei?eyoey e
?oeiaiaeeoaeae a? nauoiauo iiae?acaeaeaiee. A yoii neo/aa aiaeec ?uiea
aeiiieiyaony iiaieai oao, eoi iaiin?aaenoaaiii iuouaao ?aaeoeeth
iio?aaeoaeae, ino?aa anaai /oanoaoao iaeaeoea eieaaaiey iio?aaeoaeueneeo
i?aaeii/oaiee. I?eieiaaony a ?an/?o e ?aaeiiaeueiue aniaeo: ioaeaeueiua
?aaioieee eee ?oeiaiaeeoaee nauoa iiaoo i?aaeinoaaeoue aeiiieieoaeueioth
eioi?iaoeeth ia iniaaiiinoyo ?aaeecaoeee oao eee eiuo ecaeaeee a ?aciuo
?aeiiao no?aiu. Niioaaonoaaiii oi/iinoue ioeaiie i?e oaeii iaoiaea auoa,
/ai i?e ia?aii. Ii i?aaiecaoeey iiaeiaiie ?aaiou nii?yaeaia n aieueoeie
iaeeaaeiuie ?anoiaeaie. E oioy oe?iu, eioi?ua aei?iaeao naiae ia?eie,
ieeiaaea ia neoiyony ia ieo, /anoi o?aaoaony ?ac?aaioea niaoeeaeueiuo
i?ioeaaeo? eiio?iey e athaeaeaoe?iaaiey yoeo ?anoiaeia. A i?ioeaiii
neo/aa oi/iinoue i?iaiica iiaeao iaaaoeaii io?aceoueny ia oeiainiaii
iieiaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey.
3. I?iaiice?iaaiea ia aaca i?ioeiai iai?ioa. A yoii neo/aa aeaiiua i
nauoa ca i?ioeue aiae aa?oony a ea/anoaa iniiau aeey i?aaeneacaiey
aa?iyoiiai nauoa a aoaeouai. I?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi iai?io neaaeothuaai
aiaea i?aauneo eee aoaeao ieaea iai?ioa iuiaoiaai aiaea ia
ii?aaeae?iioth aaee/eio. Iau/ii aa?aony i?ioeaioiia oaaee/aiea e aeaiiui
ca i?aaeuaeouee aiae ii oae iacuaaaiiio i?eioeeio “io aeinoeaiooiai”:
Iai?io Iai?io Iai?io iuiaoiaai aiaea
neaaeothuaai = iuiaoiaai O
aiaea aiaea Iai?io
i?ioeiai aiaea
Aeaiiue iaoiae i?iaiice?iaaiey i?eaiaeai aeey io?aneae e ?uieia ni
noaaeeueiie oicyenoaaiiie eiiuthieoo?ie, neaai iaiythueiny anni?oeiaioii
oiaa?ia e oneoa, n ayeioaeouei IOI, aaea cia/eoaeueiua eieaaaiey
oiaa?iiai?ioa i?ienoiaeyo e?aeia ?aaeei.
4. Aiaeec oaiaeaioeee e oeeeeia, oaeoi?ia, aucuaathueo eciaiaiey a
iau?ia nauoa. I?iaiic nauoa iniiauaaaony ia auyaeaiee n iiiiuueth
aiaeeca ?uiea aa?iyoiuo oaiaeaioeee e noaoenoe/anee cia/eiuo oaeoi?ia,
eaaeaueo a eo iniiaa. Iau/ii a ?an/ao i?eieiathony neaaeothuea iniiaiua
oaeoi?u: aeieain?i/iua oaiaeaioeee ?inoa oe?iu, oeeeee/aneea eieaaaiey
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, naciiiua eciaiaiey nauoa eiiiaiee, aiciiaeiua
ia?aaoey?iua aeeyiey caaanoiaie, oaoie/aneeo naeaeaia, iiyaeaiea ia
?uiea iiauo eiieo?aioia. Yoio iaoiae iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeai i?e
ninoaaeaiee aeieain?i/iuo i?iaiicia. Noaoenoe/aneea caeiiiia?iinoe,
auyaeaiiua ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao, oaiaeaioeee e caaeneiinoe
ieaaee?otho aeaenoaea neo/aeiuo e aoi?inoaiaiiuo oaeoi?ia. Aianoa n oai
n iiiiuueth yoiai iaoiaea o?oaeii i?iaiice?iaaoue ia?eiae iaiaa 3-5 eao,
iineieueeo neeoeii iaea auai?ea, iannea ia?aaaouaaaiie noaoenoe/aneie
eioi?iaoeee, a oaeaea ia?eiae i?iyaeaiey aeaenoaey oeeeee/aneeo
eieaaaiee. Yoio iaoiae iaeaieaa i?eaiaeai a eaieoaei?ieeo io?aneyo
i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
5. Ei??aeyoeeiiiue aiaeec, o.a. ii?aaeaeaiea noaoenoe/anee cia/eiuo
oaeoi?ia aeeyiey ia nauo i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey. Ii eiae/anee
aeiiieiyao i?aaeuaeouee iaoiae, ii iniiauaaaony ia aieaa neiaeiii
iao/iii eino?oiaioa?ee noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca ?uiea. Iau/ii a ?aieao
niaoeeaeueiuo ianeaaeiaaiee ii?aaeaeyaony oaniioa ei??aeyoeeiiiie nayce
iaaeaeo o?iaiai nauoa i?aaei?eyoey e ?acee/iuie noi?iiaie oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeyiea ia nauo eioi?uo iiaeao auoue eiae/anee aeieacaii
eee iainiiaaii. Oaeei ia?acii, auyaeythony e ?aiaee?othony iaeaieaa
cia/eiua oaeoi?u, io eioi?uo a aoaeouai iiaeao caaenaoue iau?i nauoa.
Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi oaeie iaoiae i?iaiica iaycaoaeueii o?aaoao
na?ue?ciuo niaoeeaeueiuo e eiiieaeniuo, a cia/eo, e aeinoaoi/ii
aei?iainoiyueo, ii ia anaaaea yeiiiie/anee ii?aaaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee
?uiea. Oai ia iaiaa n iiiiuueth yoiai iaoiaea naiua oi/iua ?acoeueoaou
iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu a iaeaieaa noaaeeueiuo ii oicyenoaaiiie
eiiuthieoo?a io?aneyo.
6. I?iaiice?iaaiea ia iniiaa “aeiee ?uiea” nauoa oe?iu, i?e eioi?ii
iai?io i?iaiice?oaony a aeaea ii?aaeae?iiiai i?ioeaioa io aeiee oe?iu ia
?uiea a aeaiiie io?anee, o.a. aia/aea i?iaiice?oaony nauo aeey anae
io?anee, a caoai aeaeaaony ?an/ao aeiee i?aaei?eyoey a iauai iau?ia
i?iaeaae anae io?anee. I?e eniieueciaaiee aeaiiiai iaoiaea aaaeii,
ai-ia?auo, auoue oaa?aiiui a oi/iinoe i?iaiica aeey anae io?anee,
ai-aoi?uo, ia i?eieiaoue a ?an/?o iaoeaiiaoth eiieo?aioeeth a iae.
7. Aiaeec eiia/iiai eniieueciaaiey. I?iaiic caeanue iniiauaaaony ia
i?aaeiieaaaaiuo iau?iao caeacia iniiaiuo caeac/eeia i?aaei?eyoey.
I?eiaiaiea aeaiiiai iaoiaea o?aaoao i?iaaaeaiey niaoeeaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaiee ii iniiaiui io?aneyi, iio?aaeythuei i?iaeoeoeeth aeaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey, nai?a e ia?aaioee cia/eoaeueiiai noaoenoe/aneiai e
oaeoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea. Iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeai a io?aneyo nu?ueaaiai e
yia?aaoe/aneiai eiiieaena, a oaeaea ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, auioneathueo
eiiieaeoothuea ecaeaeey e oceu.
8. Aiaeec anni?oeiaioa oiaa?ia, i?e eioi?ii i?iaiicu nauoa ii
ioaeaeueiui aeaeai ecaeaeee naiaeyony aiaaeeii e ia?acotho ieaie?oaiue
iai?io i?aaei?eyoey. Yoio iaoiae iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeeo aeey neeueii
aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiuo oe?i, ii oi/iinoue iauaai i?iaiica oeaeeeii
caaeneo io aeaoaeueiiai ianeaaeiaaiey ?uiea eaaeaeiai aeaea ecaeaeee,
/oi o?aaoao a naith i/a?aaeue iaiaeuo cao?ao.
9. I?iaiue ia?eaoeia. Auoue iiaeao, yoi naiue oi/iue iiaeoiae e
ninoaaeaieth i?iaiica nauoa, i?e eioi?ii iiaue i?iaeoeo eee eaeea-eeai
eciaiaiey, i?iecaaae?iiua a nenoaia i?iaeaeaeaiey ecaeaeee ia ?uiea,
inouanoaeythony ia i/aiue iaaieueoii ii ?acia?o ?uiea. A nouiinoe, ia
iaaieueoii ianoiii ?uiea i?aaei?eieiaaony iiiuoea niiaeaee?iaaoue ana
oi, /oi iioii aoaeao naeaeaii a ianooaaa no?aiu eee aieaa e?oiiiai
?aaeiia. Ninoaaiua yeaiaiou aoaeouae i?ia?aiiu i?iaeaeaeaiey iiaiai
ecaeaeey ia ?uiea eae au i?iaa?ythony ia ia?aie/aiiie a?oiia
iio?aaeoaeae. Iinea ia?aaioee iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee ia iau?ia e oaiiao
?inoa i?iaeaae iiaiai ecaeaeey niioaaonoaothuea iai?oee ioiineoaeueii
i?iaiica nauoa ?ani?ino?aiythony ia anth no?aio.
Yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiaiaiey oiai eee eiiai iaoiaea caaeneo io eiie?aoiuo
oneiaee e niaoeeoeee oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e iiaeao
auoue ii?aaeaeaia oieueei a nenoaia iaueo ia?ii?eyoee ii ia?eaoeiao.
Iau/ii n/eoaaony, /oi i?iaiic ninoaaeai i?aaeeueii, anee ?acieoea
iaaeaeo i?aaeiieaaaaiui e oaeoe/aneei nauoii ia i?aauoaao 5%. Iiiaea
oe?iu ia/eiatho ?ac?aaioeo iiaiai, iiaoi?iiai i?iaiica, anee ia ethaii
yoaia ?aaeecaoeee ieaia oe?iu ?acieoea iaaeaeo oaeoe/aneei e
i?aaeiieaaaaiui nauoii i?aauoaao 5%.
Oaea i?inoia iienaiea iniiaiuo iaoiaeia i?iaiice?iaaiey nauoa
iieacuaaao, /oi iaoaie/aneia eo i?eiaiaiea a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo
noaiiaeony an? iaiaa yooaeoeaiui. Ethaay, naiay niaa?oaiiay iaoiaeeea
ieaie?iaaiey, i?iaiice?iaaiey e athaeaeaoe?iaaiey i?e an? aieaa
aic?anoathueo o?aaiaaieyo e iiauoaieth aeaeinoe e iia?aoeaiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa ieacuaaaony eeoaiiie yeaiaioa?iiai cae?aaiai niunea aac
ia?eaoeiaa, aac aiaeeca e i?iaiice?iaaiey aeeiaieee no?oeoo?u
iio?aaeoaeueneiai ni?ina, eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaiiuo i?aaeii/oaiee ?aciuo
a?oii iio?aaeoaeae, aac iia?aoeaii aeaenoaothuaai iaoaiecia ia?aoiie
nayce iaaeaeo iiaiaaaaeaieai e ?aaeoeeae ia iaai iio?aaeoaey.
Oi?ie?iaaiea oaeie nenoaiu e yaeyaony iaeiie ec iaeaieaa aaaeiuo caaea/
nia?aiaiiiai ia?eaoeiaa.
A neooaoeee, aaea ana ii?aaeaeyaony eiieo?aioeeae, oeaeue
“i?iecaiaenoai” onooiaao ianoi oeaee “?uiie”. Nooue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
ia?eaoeiaa caeeth/aaony a oii /oiau : iinoiyiii iaiiaeyoue i
iiaeaa?aaoue niiiaieth i?iaeoeou e iaoiaeu, i?eaioe?iaaoue
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia cai?inu iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae,
o.a. iinoiyiii i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e niauoeyi i ii aiciiaeiinoe
i?aaeainoeuaoue eo. Yoi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoeth iieo/aoue
eioi?iaoeeth, caoai ii?aaeaeyoue oeaee e niiniau aeaenoaee. ?aoea
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua caaea/e, i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao i?enooieoue e
ieaie?iaaieth naieo iaoiaeia ?aaiou ia ?uiea, caoai i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo
a iaeanoe i?iecaiaenoaa, nauoa, eiiioieeaoeee.
Eco/aiea ?uiea a i?iiuoeaiiie n?aaea: /oiau i?iecaiaeeoue oi, /oi
iiaeii i?iaeaoue , o.a. oi, /aai aeaeoo iioaioeeaeueiua iio?aaeoaee: a
ioee/ea io /anoiuo eeoe, eioi?ua auneacuaathony “ioaee/ii” e eioi?ui
aoi?yo n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, iio?aaeoaeue i?iaeoeoeee
i?iiuoeaiiiai iacia/aiey aieaa eciee?iaai, e aac niaoeeaeueiiai eco/aiey
o?oaeii auyaeoue, /oi ii aeaeaao i?eia?anoe, anee oieueei ia ni?ineoue
ia yoii aai naiiai. Eco/aiea ?uiea neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue ia?eiaee/anee,
/oiau iinoiyiii “/oanoaiaaoue” ?uiie, /oiau aai “neuoaoue” e iinoiyiii e
iaio i?eniinaaeeaaoueny, anee yoi aiciiaeii, i?aaeainoeuaoue ni?in,
ca?aiaa ciaoue eiieo?aioia.
Oeaeue enneaaeiaaiee.
1. Eco/aiea ?uiea i?aaei?eyoee n iienaoaeueiie e aiaeeoe/aneie oi/ae
c?aiey ioo?i nai?a eioi?iaoeee i i?iaeoeoao, i?iecaiaeeoaeyo,
oaoie/aneie noi?iia oi?aiaee, oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoaao a aeaiiie io?anee,
i eiia/iuo iio?aaeoaeyo, i iin?aaeieeao.
2. Ecuneaiea iiauo ?uieia nauoa – yoi aeeiaie/iua aeaenoaey, eioi?ua
aeieaeiu iiii/ue iaeneiaeueii eniieueciaaoue iioaioeeae i?aaei?eyoee.
Iie ia/eiathony n iienea iaeaieaa oaea/iie naaiaioaoeee iioaioeeaeueiuo
iio?aaeoaeae, yoi i?aaeiieaaaao oaeaea iiene iiaiai i?eiaiaiey oaea
ecaanoiuo iaoa?eaeia, /oiau iiiuoaoueny caoai ioeaieoue eiee/anoaaiii
iaeeaeaaiua ?acoeueoaou io aiciiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey; iaiaoiaeei aiaeec
aiciiaeiinoe aeeaa?neoeeaoeee ecaeaeee ia iiauo ?uieao nauoa, anee
?aai/ay iaa?ocea eiathuaainy eee i?aaeiieaaaaiiai iai?oaeiaaiey aoaeao
iaaeinoaoi/iie; neaaeoao oaeaea eco/eoue i?ioeann niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?iiuoeaiiuo oiaa?ia ia aaca ooieoeeiiaeueii-noieiinoiiai aiaeeca.
1.2. Iaoiaeeea ninoaaeaiey ieaia ia?eaoeiaa
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa – iaeei ec yeaiaioia iieeoeee oe?iu. Ii ninoaaeyaony
iaeiia?aiaiii n ae?oaeie ieaiaie( oeiainiauie, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie e
o.ae.), n aieaa iaueie i?ia?aiiaie ia?eaoeiaa a aeieain?i/iii ia?eiaea,
n aieaa /anoiuie i?ia?aiiaie ia?eaoeiaa a e?aoein?i/iii ia?eiaea. Ioaeii
neaaeeoue ca oai, /oiau ana yoe ieaiu e i?ia?aiiu auee naycaiu iaaeaeo
niaie, /oi o?aaoao ?aaiou iaae ieie ni noi?iiu ae?oaeo ioaeaeia
i?aaei?eyoey, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo iai?aaeaia ia onoaiiaeaiea
ea?a?oee iaaeaeo ieaiaie, ia eo niaeaniaaiea.
Eaaeaeue ec /aou??o iniiaiuo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaa aeeth/aao a naay
iiiaeanoai iiaeyeaiaioia, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue i?e ninoaaeaiee
ieaia ia?eaoeiaa.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey iiaiai oiaa?a eee oneoae. Yoio yeaiaio ia?eaoeiaa aeey
iiauo i?aaei?eyoee ia?aaeei niaiaaeaao n naiie eaeaae anaai aeaeiaiai
i?iaeoa, iineieueeo aieueoeinoai i?aaei?eyoee ia/eiaao naith
aeayoaeueiinoue n auionea eaeiai-oi iaeiiai oiaa?a eee oneoae. Iai?eia?,
i?aaei?eieiaoaeue iiaeao caaeoiaoue nicaeaoue “Aeaeaioaeo ia eie?nao” –
i?eaiceoue caeacaiiua oeeueiu ia aeii eeeaioai e caae?aoue oaea
i?iniio?aiiua. A yoii neo/aa ii?aaeaeaiea oneoae niaiaaeaao n oa?aeoa?ii
naiiai i?aaei?eyoey. Anee nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy oio aea
i?aaei?eieiaoaeue ?aoeo caiyoueny a ?aieao naiae oe?iu i?iaeaaeae
niioonoaothueo oiaa?ia, aio oaea i?eae?ony ?aoaoue, /oi eiaiii
i?iaeaaaoue – aeaeaiiaaieoioiiu, /enoua eannaou, caiene oeeueiia eee
/oi-oi eiia.
Auai? oiaa?a eee oneoae aeeth/aao a naay e ae?oaea naycaiiua n yoei
?aoaiey, iai?eia? auai? oiaeiaee, oi?aiaie ia?ee, nicaeaiea ?yaea
iiaeeoeeaoeee, iniiaaiiuo ia oie aea eaeaa, aeecaei. Eaaeaeue ec yoeo
yeaiaioia iiaeao i?eaeaoue i?aaeeaaaaiiio i?iaeoeoo eee oneoaa
nianoaaiiia eeoei, /oi iaiaeiaaaeii aeey oniaoa a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa.
I?iecaiaenoai oneoa ioee/aaony io i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia. A ioee/ea io
oiaa?a oneoaa iaiaauanoaeyaia, iaioaeaeeia io i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa,
ia iiaeaea?ony noaiaea?oecaoeee e o?aiaieth. Iineieueeo oneoaa – yoi
ia/oi iaiaauanoae?iiia, ia/oi oaeia, /oi iaeuecy “iiuoiaoue”, a?, eae
i?aaeei, iaaiciiaeii ioaeaeeoue io naiiai i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa eee
/aeiaaea, eioi?ue a? i?iecaiaeeo. Oneoae iaeuecy o?aieoue – anee oneoaa
ia i?aaeinoaaeaia aia?aiy, oi a?aiy aoaeao iioa?yii aacaica?aoii.
Auai? oeaiu. Iacia/aiea oeaiu ia iiaue i?iaeoeo eee oneoao – yoi iaeii
ec naiuo ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aoaiee, eioi?ua i?eieiathony i?aaei?eieiaoaeai.
Anee aeaaiie “ecthieieie” iiaiai i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony aunieia ea/anoai,
oeaio i?eae?ony iacia/eoue aunieoth, aeaaea anee ecaea?aeee iaaaeeee, –
eia/a ieeoi ia iiaa?eo, /oi ea/anoai aeaenoaeoaeueii aunieia. Iaeiaei
i?e auai?a oeaiu neaaeoao o/eouaaoue oaeaea e ecaea?aeee, oi?aiaua
neeaeee i?e caeoiea e?oiiuo ia?oee, ieaoo ca ia?aaiceo, iaoeaiee ia
iioiaua oeaiu e o.ae. Oae, ecaea?aeee caaenyo io iau?ia auionea,
iineieueeo nu?ue? e iaoa?eaeu, caeoiaaiua aieueoeie ia?oeyie, eae
i?aaeei iaoiaeyony aeaoaaea.
Auoa iu oiiieiaee, /oi yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa acaeiinaycaiu. Oae,
eciaiaiea oeaiu iiaeao io?aaeaoue eciaiaiea ia?aca oiaa?a eee oneoae a
aeacao iieoiaoaey. Anee oiaa? eee oneoaa eeoue iacia/eoaeueii
ioee/athony io oao, eioi?ua oaea eiathony ia ?uiea, oi e oeaio i?eae?ony
iacia/aoue a oao i?aaeaeao, eioi?ua oaea neiaeeeenue ia ?uiea.
Nenoaia nauoa. Aeaaiay caaea/a nenoaiu nauoa – iaania/eoue iaee/ea
oiaa?a a iaaaceia a oaeiaiia aeey iieoiaoaeae a?aiy e a oaeiaiii ianoa.
Aeey i?aaei?eieiaoaey auai? eaiaea nauoa eee iin?aaeieea-iioiaeea iiaeao
eiaoue i?eioeeieaeueiia cia/aiea, iineieueeo eaaeaeia ?aoaiea a yoie
iaeanoe i?aaeiieaaaao niioaaonoaothuoth oeaio, ?aeeaiioth iieeoeeo e
“iaeee” oiaa?a. E?iia oiai, auai? eaiaea nauoa iiaeao caaenaoue oaeaea
io aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoe iin?aaeieea e aai aioiaiinoe iiii/ue – aaaeue
oi?aiaua iin?aaeieee oaea a neeo naiae aeecinoe e iieoiaoaeyi iau/ii
iaieioi ?acae?athony a eo cai?inao e iiaoo ieacaoueny iieaciuie
i?aaei?eieiaoaeth i?e ninoaaeaiee i?iaiicia, ieaie?iaaiee ia?eaoeiaa,
auai?a no?aoaaee nauoa eee iiaoo iiaeneacaoue, eae oeo/oeoue oiaa?.
Auai? eaiaea nauoa i?aaeiieaaaao i?eiyoea oeaeiai eiiieaena ?aoaiee, a
/anoiinoe auai? oeia eaiaea, /enea iin?aaeieeia e eiie?aoiuo eeoe,
eioi?ua aoaeoo inouanoaeyoue yoe ooieoeee. Oei eaiaea nauoa io?aaeaao
aai ?acaaoae?iiinoue. Iineieueeo iiaua i?aaei?eyoey, eae i?aaeei, ia
iiaoo nicaeaoue nianoaaiioth oi?aiaoth naoue, ia ia?auo ii?ao iie iau/ii
i?eaaaatho e oneoaai oi?aiauo aaaioia, eioi?ua aa?oo ia naay i?iaeaaeo
eo i?iaeoeoeee. Oi?aiaua aaaiou ioee/athony io iin?aaeieeia-iioiaeeia
oai, /oi naie iie oiaa? o oe?iu ia iieoiatho, iie i?inoi iaoiaeyo ia
iaai iieoiaoaey, a i?aaei?eyoea inoa?ony nianoaaiieeii naiae i?iaeoeoeee
aei naiiai iiiaioa niaa?oaiey naeaeee n iio?aaeoaeai. Oi?aiaua aaaiou
eiatho ii?aaeae?iiue i?ioeaio n i?iaeaae, niaa?o?iiuo n eo o/anoeai.
Nauoii i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia iie ia caieiathony, iiyoiio eo iiaeii
n/eoaoue iaieioie aeueoa?iaoeaie nianoaaiiie oi?aiaie naoe, anee
oaeiaoth nicaeaoue iaaiciiaeii.
?aoaiea i oii, neieueei nauoiaeeia iio?aaoaony eiaoue a eaiaea
?ani?aaeaeaiee eaaeaeiai oeia, caaeneo io eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a. Aeey
oiaa?ia ianniaiai iio?aaeaiey iiaeao iiiaaeiaeoueny aanueia iaoe?iay
nauoiaay naoue, a aeey oiaa?ia, ?ann/eoaiiuo ia oceee e?oa iieoiaoaeae,
iiaeii eiiaaea iaieoenue aiiaua aac iin?aaeieeia.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue /?oeoth ?anoeo?iaeo eaaeaeie ec
auoaia?a/eneaiiuo ninoaaeythueo, a oaeaea anao eiiiiiaioia, ec eioi?uo
iia neeaaeuaaaony. Aeaeinoue, eiia/ii, aauue oi?ioay, ii an? aea ioaeia
i?i/iay aaca aeey i?eiyoey oaeoueo ?aoaiee, e oaeie aacie aeieaeai
noaoue eiaiii ieai ia?eaoeiaa.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa iiaeii n?aaieoue n aei?iaeiie ea?oie, eioi?ie
iieuecoaony aaoiiiaeeeno i?e acaea ii iaciaeiiie ianoiinoe. Eae e
aei?iaeiay ea?oa, ii aeieaeai aeaaaoue ioaao ia o?e aeaaiuo aii?ina:
aaea iu iaoiaeeiny? Eoaea iai ioaeii iiianoue? Eae ooaea aeia?aoueny?
Eiaiii ia yoe o?e aii?ina aeieaeai ioaaoeoue ieai ia?eaoeiaa.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai noaoue iaaeaaeiui iiiiuieeii i?aaei?eieiaoaey.
Aai ia neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue eae iaeee naiae iaueo iieiaeaiee, eioi?ue
ioaeai oieueei aeey i?ioi?iu. Oa, eoi ia oaeaeyao aeieaeiiai aieiaiey
ninoaaeaieth ieaia ia?eaoeiaa eee aiiaua aai ia ninoaaeyao, n/eoay yoi
ionoie o?aoie a?aiaie, ii-aeaeeiiio, i?inoi iaaeiioeaieaatho aai
cia/aiey e ia iiieiatho, /oi ii iiaeao e /aai ia naeaeaoue ( ni. oaae.
1.1).
Oaaeeoea 1.1
Aiciiaeiinoe
ieaia ia?eaoeiaa
*oi iiaeao *oi ia iiaeao
Iicaieyao iiaeeeciaaoue ana neeu ia auiieiaiea iaia/aiiuo oeaeae Ia
neaaeoao aeoiaoue, /oi ieai ia?eaoeiaa-yoi oi/iue i?iaiic aoaeouaai
Oiaiueoaao yooaeo aiacaiiinoe i?e iaiaeeaeaiiuo eciaiaieyo ai aiaoiae
n?aaea Aeaaea naiue eo/oee ieai ia neoaeeo aa?aioeae io ioeaie
Aea?o eiie?aoiua i?eaioe?u anai nio?oaeieeai Ia aea?o ioaaoa ia ana
aii?inu; ?oeiaiaeeoaeue aeieaeai oiaoue i?eieiaoue iia?aoeaiua ?aoaiey
Niinianoaoao iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe oi?aaeaiey, canoaaeyy
?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?aciuo iiae?acaeaeaiee niaeaniauaaoue naie aeaenoaey
Iaaiciiaeii ninoaaeoue ieai, eioi?ue au ia onoa?aaae, a ieai ioaeii
iinoiyiii aiineoue ei??aeoeau ii ia?a eciaiaiey oneiaee
Oaea naia ii naaa iiiuoea a nenoaiaoe/aneii aeaea eceiaeeoue ia aoiaaa
naie niia?aaeaiey ii ia?eaoeiao nineoaeeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeth oi?iooth
neoaeao, iineieueeo aio i?eae?ony i?iaeoiaoue e /?oei ?anienaoue ii
aiciiaeiinoe ana, aeaaea naiua iaeeea eiiiiiaiou ia?eaoeiaa, eioi?ua
noaioo iniiaie aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee a i?aaenoiyuai aiaeo. Ninoaaeaiea
ieaia ia?eaoeiaa iiiiaeao i?aaei?eieiaoaeth ia oieueei iniciaoue ana
eeth/aaua i?iaeaiu, ii e ca?aiaa iiaeaioiaeoueny e aiciiaeiui eciaiaieyi
ai aiaoiae neooaoeee.
Ninoaaeaiea iaae?aeiiai i?iaiica-o?oaeiay caaea/a: iiaaaeaiea
eiieo?aioia, iiaua oaoiieiaee e iiaeaeaeee a no?oeoo?a ni?ina iaeaaatho
naie ioia/aoie ia e aac oiai ia?aiai/eaoth ?uii/ioth neooaoeeth. *oiau
oniaoii ?aaeeciaaoue iaia/aiiua oeaee, i?aaei?eieiaoaeue aeieaeai
o/eouaaoue a naieo ieaiao oaeoi? iaii?aaeae?iiinoe e naiaa?aiaiii
aiineoue a ieo iaiaoiaeeiua eciaiaiey.
Aanueia iieaciie iiaeao ieacaoueny eioi?iaoeey, iinooiathuay io
oi?aiauo aaaioia, io?aneaauo annioeeaoeee e ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeee,
caieiathueony aiaeecii ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u. I/aiue aaaeii oaeaea,
/oiau nai ieai ia?eaoeiaa niaea?aeae ano?iaiiua iaoaieciu eiio?iey,
eioi?ua iicaieeee au naiaa?aiaiii aai ei??aeoe?iaaoue a neo/aa eciaiaiey
ianoaiiaee.
*oiau ?ac?aaioaoue iaae?aeiue ieai ia?eaoeiaa, ioaeii ca?aiaa nia?aoue
iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth i oaiaeaioeeyo a eciaiaiee ni?ina, no?oeoo?a
?uiea, oaoiieiaee, iiaaaeaiee eiieo?aioia e o.ae. Ia/eiathuea
i?aaei?eieiaoaee /anoi ia ciatho, aaea acyoue iaiaoiaeeiua aeaiiua. Ia
naiii aeaea caaea/a ia oae neiaeia-nouanoaotho niaoeeaeueiua aeaeeioaee
e iiiaeanoai i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua caieiathony nai?ii iiaeiaiie
eioi?iaoeee. Iiaeii ii?aeiiaiaeiaaoue ia?aoeoueny a io?aneaaua
annioeeaoeee, ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea ii/eoaoue
i?ioanneiiaeueiua aeo?iaeu. A eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa oa?aeoa?
iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee e a? enoi/ieee aoaeoo caaenaoue io oiai, eaeie
oiaa? i?aaeiieaaaaony i?iecaiaeeoue.
I?e ninoaaeaiee ethaiai ieaia anaaaea i/aiue o?oaeii ca?aiaa
i?aaeneacaoue, neieueei a?aiaie ia yoi iiaeao oeoe. Iineieueeo aeey
i?aaei?eieiaoaey a?aiy-aeaiueae, o iaai iiaeao aicieeiooue aeaeaiea
“nyeiiiieoue” eiaiii ia ieaie?iaaiee e ia oaeaeeoue iiaeaioiaea ieaia
ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeiiai aieiaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa ia ana aeueoa?iaoeau
aoaeoo eco/aiu e ia ana oiaeu i?in/eoaiu, a yoi iiaeao i?eaanoe e
na?ue?ciui no?aoaae/aneei ioeaeai.
Eii?aeeiaoeey a i?ioeanna ieaie?iaaiey
Ana ?acaeaeu ieaia ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeiu auoue /?oei oaycaiu iaaeaeo
niaie, oae aea eae e aeaenoaey ?oeiaiaenoaa eiiiaiee ii aai iiaeaioiaea.
A iiauo eieeaeoeaao, iaeiaei, oaeay caaea/a iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue
ii?aaeae?iiua o?oaeiinoe a neeo iaaeinoaoi/iiai iiuoa eeoe,
ninoaaeythueo ?oeiaiaeyuaa caaii oe?iu. Iiyoiio i?aceaeaioo iaaeaaii
aicieeoaai i?aaei?eyoey ia?aaeei i?eoiaeeony ninoaaeyoue ieai ia?eaoeiaa
a iaeeii/eo. Aii?in i eii?aeeiaoeee a yoii neo/aa, ?acoiaaony,
ioaeaaony, iaeiaei i?iaeaia inoaaony, iineieueeo e i?aceaeaio iiaeao ia
iaeaaeaoue aeinoaoi/iuie ciaieyie e iiuoii, /oiau ninoaaeoue oi?ioi
neii?aeeie?iaaiiue ieai.
E ieaio ia?eaoeiaa neaaeoao ioiineoueny eae e iaycaoaeuenoao
i?eaea?aeeaaoueny ii?aaeae?iiie no?aoaaee iiaaaeaiey ia ?uiea. Aai ie a
eiai neo/aa ia neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue ea ionooth ioieneo, ioaeioth
eeoue aeey i?aaeuyaeaiey iioaioeeaeueiui eiaanoi?ai eee iinoaaueeai.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue ioaaou ia oa o?e aii?ina, i
eioi?uo iu aiai?eee auoa. I?aaei?eieiaoaeue aeieaeai au?aaioaoue a naaa
onoaiiaeo ia ?aaeecaoeeth anao yoaiia ninoaaeaiiiai ei ieaia ia?eaoeiaa
n oie iaiai?eie, /oi a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey iiauo ianoiyoaeuenoa a yoio
ieai iiaeii e ioaeii aoaeao aiineoue niioaaonoaothuea eciaiaiey.
O?aaiaaiey e ieaio ia?eaoeiaa
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai oaeiaeaoai?youe ii?aaeae?iiui e?eoa?eyi,
aeaaiua ec eioi?uo:
– yoio ieai aeieaeai eceaaaoue no?aoaaeth, aaaeouoth e ?aaeecaoeee
oeaeae e caaea/ i?aaei?eyoey;
– a aai iniiaa aeieaeiu eaaeaoue ?aaeueiua oaeou e ?aaeueiua aeiiouaiey;
– ii aeieaeai i?aaeoniao?eaaoue ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea anao
iaee/iuo ?ano?nia; a /anoiinoe, a iai aeieaeii auoue /?oei ?anienaii
iacia/aiea anao oeiainiauo, iaoa?eaeueiuo e o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia
i?aaei?eyoey, aeeth/ay ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae e ioaaonoaaiiinoe;
– ii aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue iienaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u,
iaania/eaathuae ?aaeecaoeeth iaia/aiiuo oeaeae;
– ii aeieaeai no?ieoueny n ?an/aoii ia ia?niaeoeao, oae /oiau eaaeaeue
iineaaeothuee ieai ia?eaoeiaa auoaeae ec i?aaeuaeouaai. Oaeay
i?aainoaaiiinoue iaania/eaaao aeinoeaeaiea aeieain?i/iuo oeaeae e
caaea/;
– ana oi?ioee?iaee aeieaeiu auoue e?aoeeie e yniuie, iineieueeo
iiiaino?aie/iue ieai iau/ii iiiaaeaao a noie e ieeiaaea ioooaea ia
ecaeaeaaony. Ai?i/ai, i?e anae naiae e?aoeinoe ieai ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai
auoue aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaiui, /oiau ec iaai auee yniu iooe ?aaeecaoeee
iaia/aiiuo oeaeae;
– ieai aeieaeai auoue aeaeei, iineieueeo io yoiai iiaeao caaenaoue aai
oniaoiay ?aaeecaoeey; ?aeiiaiaeoaony ca?aiaa iiaeoiaoue i oii, eae
iiaeii aoaeao iinooieoue i?e aicieeiiaaiee oao eee eiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa;
– ii aeieaeai aeaaaoue eiee/anoaaiiua i?eaioe?u, ii eioi?ui iiaeii
aoaeao ioneaaeeaaoue aai auiieiaiea.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa – yoi ia ionoay ioienea, eioi?ay ieoaony a noie. Yoi
oeaiiue eino?oiaio, e eioi?iio i?aaei?eieiaoaeue aoaeao /anoi
ia?auaoueny a naiae ?aaioa ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai ieaiiaiai ia?eiaea.
I?e ninoaaeaiee ieaia ia?eaoeiaa ioaeii iinoiyiii iiiieoue i oii, ai
neieueei iiaeao iaieoenue auiieiaiea caeiaeaiiuo a i?i ?aoaiee. Anee
i?aaei?eieiaoaeue auaeaeioe eiie?aoiua oeaee e /?oei i?iaeoiae iooe eo
?aaeecaoeee, aii?in i oii, neieueei yoi iiaeao noieoue, aeieaeai auoue
aeey iaai oaea aeinoaoi/ii yniui. Anee aeey ioeaiie iio?aaoaony aaanoe
ii?aaeae?iiua i?aaeeiaeaiey, eo ioaeii /aoei noi?ioee?iaaoue, /oiau
eaaeaeue, eoi caoi/ao iciaeiieoueny n ieaiii ia?eaoeiaa, niia iiiyoue,
eae auea iieo/aia oa eee eiay oeeo?a.
Ioeaiea cao?ao, eioi?uo o?aaoao ?aaeecaoeey aua?aiiie no?aoaaee e
iaania/eaathueo ia?ii?eyoee, iineoaeeo iniiaie aeey ninoaaeaiey
oeiainiaiai ieaia.
Ia ?en. 1.3 i?aaenoaaeaiu aeie-noaia i?ioeanna ninoaaeaiey ieaia
ia?eaoeiaa. Eaaeaeue yoai aeieaeai aeaaaoue ?ac?aaio/eeo ii?aaeae?iioth
eioi?iaoeeth, enoiaey ec eioi?ie ii aoaeao no?ieoue naie ieai.
Aiaeec oaeouae neooaoeee aeey oaea nouanoaothueo i?aaei?eyoee
i?aaeiieaaaao aiaeec i?ioeie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ue
aeieaeai aeaoue ioaao ia ia?aue ec o?ao aii?inia no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa, a
eiaiii: aaea iu iaoiaeeiny? I?aaei?eieiaoaeue aeieaeai iienaoue iniiaiua
aaoe enoi?ee noaiiaeaiey naiaai i?aaei?eyoey e i?ineaaeeoue oaiaeaioeee
eciaiaiey auioneaaiiai anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee. Anee ?a/ue eae?o i
iiaii i?aaei?eyoee, caeanue ioaeii aoaeao i?inoi ?anneacaoue, eae e
ii/aio iiyaeeanue eaeay iiaiai i?iaeoeoa eee oneoae, eaeoth eiaiii
iio?aaiinoue yoio i?iaeoeo aoaeao oaeiaeaoai?youe. Anee ieai ia?eaoeiaa
ninoaaeyaony aeey i?iaeoeoa, aiaeiae eioi?iai oaea eiathony ia ?uiea,
ioaeii iienaoue oaeouoth neooaoeeth ia ?uiea iiaeiaiie i?iaeoeoeee e a
io?anee, a? i?iecaiaeyuae. Yoio ?acaeae ieaia ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeai oaeaea
niaea?aeaoue iienaiea iiauo aiciiaeiinoae e ia?niaeoea, ioe?uaathueony a
nayce n auioneii i?aaeeaaaaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
I?aaeaea /ai ninoaaeyoue ieai ia?eaoeiaa, ioaeii iinoaaeoue ia?aae
niaie eiie?aoiua oeaee e caaea/e. Iie aeieaeiu aeaaaoue yniia iiieiaiea
oiai, e /aio neaaeoao no?aieoueny, e au?aaeaoueny a eiie?aoiuo
iieacaoaeyo – aeiea ?uiea, ?aioaaaeueiinoe, iau?ia i?iaeaae, oaiiao,
?acaaoae?iiinoe nenoaiu nauoa, /enea ia?niaeoeaiuo ?ac?aaioie,
iieacaoaeyo, oa?aeoa?ecothueo iieeoeeo oeai e ?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth.
Oeaee ioaeii auae?aoue oae, /oiau iie au?aaeaee eeth/aaua oaeoi?u
oniaoa.
Eiio?ieue ca oiaeii auiieiaiey ieaia ia?eaoeiaa iau/ii iiae?acoiaaaao
ioneaaeeaaiea eiie?aoiuo iieacaoaeae – iau?iia i?iaeaae ii aeaeai
i?iaeoeoeee, ii ?aaeiiai, ii oi?aiaui aaaioai e o.i. Eaeea eiaiii
iieacaoaee aoaeoo aeey yoiai aua?aiu, caaeneo io oeaeae e caaea/,
noi?ioee?iaaiiuo a ieaia ia?eaoeiaa. Iieo/aiea ethaiai neaiaea i
iaaeaaiiieo/ee iicaieeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeth aia?aiy i?eiyoue ia?u e
ia?ano?ieoue naith no?aoaaeth.
I?eaaaeai i?eia?iue ia?a/aiue ?acaeaeia ieaia ia?eaoeiaa:
1. Aiaeec oaeouae neooaoeee:
a)Enoi?e/aneee yeneo?n;
a)Aiciiaeiinoe, ?ene;
a)Neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu.
2. Oeaee e caaea/e
3. No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa e i?ia?aiiu
4. Oeiainiaia iaania/aiea
5. Eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai e oeaeaaua iieacaoaee
?acoiaaony, eiie?aoiay no?oeoo?a aoaeao caaenaoue io niaoeeoeee ?uiea,
ia eioi?ue niae?aaony aueoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeue, io iniaaiiinoae
i?iaeoeoa, eioi?ue ii i?aaeiieaaaao auioneaoue, a oaeaea io oeaeaauo
onoaiiaie oe?iu.
Aiaeec oaeouae neooaoeee
ia ?uiea e i?iaiic
Iinoaiiaea caaea/ e
o/?o ia?aie/aiee
Auai? oeaeaauo iieacaoaeae
Oi?ie?iaaiea ?uii/iie no?aoaaee
e eiie?aoiuo i?ia?aii
I?iaa?eoue, iaania/eaatho ee iaia/aiiua
i?ia?aiiu aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae
Aea Iao
Ninoaaeaiea ieaia ia?eaoeiaa
I?iaa?eoue, oaaoaao ee iaee/iuo
?ano?nia, /oiau auiieieoue i?ia?aiiu
Aea Iao
I?aaenoaaeoue ieai ia ooaa?aeaeaiea
Ooaa?aeae?i Ia ooaa?aeae?i
I?enooieoue e auiieiaieth
?en. 1.3 Ii?yaeie ninoaaeaiey ieaia ia?eaoeiaa
AEAAA II. I?AAIECAOeEss I?IECAIAeNOAAIIIAI
IA?EAOEIAA IA OII “A?OIN-NA?AEN EOAe”
2.1. Aiaeec oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae
ia OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” ca 1993-1994 aiaeu
Oiaa?euanoai n Ia?aie/aiiie Ioaaonoaaiiinoueth “A?OIN – Na?aen E.O.Ae.”
ia?aciaaiii 5 ieoya?y 1992 aiaea ia iniiaaiee Caeiia ?anioaeeee
Eacaonoai “ I oicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?euanoaao e aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao
?anioaeeee Eacaonoai”.
Iniiaiuie aeaeaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey yaeythony : i?iecaiaenoai
e i?aaiecaoeey nauoa oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey, ieacaiea
anaaiciiaeiuo auoiauo oneoa ianaeaieth; ieacaiea i?aeoe/aneie iiiiue a
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee nianoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa; iioea ethaie aeaoneie e ac?ineie iaeaaeaeu, iioea ec
eiaee e iaoa, ieacaiea ia?eeiaoa?neeo oneoa; ioe?uoea eiiia?/aneeo e
oe?iaiiuo iaaaceiia; eiiia?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue; i?aaiecaoeey e
i?iaaaeaiea oo?enoe/aneeo iiacaeie ii ?anioaeeea, ii NIA e ca ?oaaae.
N?aaee auoa ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe iniiaiui iai?aaeaieai
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony oaaeiia i?iecaiaenoai.
Oeao, ii i?iecaiaenoao oaaeiie i?iaeoeoeee, iniauai nia?aiaiiui
oaoiieiae/aneei iai?oaeiaaieai ioa/anoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay ieiuaaeue i?aaei?eyoey ninoaaeyao 270 ea.i, /enei
?aaioathueo 42 /aeiaaea.
Aunoei i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai yaeyaony nia?aiea o/?aaeeoaeae,
eioi?ia ii?aaeaeyao iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey,
ooaa?aeaeaao aecian ieai i?aaei?eyoey ia oaeouee aiae, neaaeeo ca
auiieiaieai i?ia?aiiu ?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey e o.ae.. Nia?aiea
o/?aaeeoaeae iacia/aao aee?aeoi?a oe?iu, eioi?ue ?oeiaiaeeo a? ?aaioie,
iiaeae?aao ia?niiae oe?iu, io eiaie oe?iu iiaeienuaaao aeiaiai?a ia
caeoieo nu?uey e i?iaeaaeo oiaa?a. A i?yiii iiae/eiaiee aee?aeoi?a oe?iu
iaoiaeyony aeaaiue iaiaaeaea? e oeiainiaue aee?aeoi? oe?iu. A
iiae/eiaiee aeaaiiai iaiaaeaea?a oe?iu iaoiaeyony caianoeoaeue ii
i?iecaiaenoao, eioi?ue ?oeiaiaeeo ?aaioie ioaeaea iaoa?eaeueiiai
niaaaeaiey e oeaoia ii iioeao iaeaaeaeu, e eiiia?/aneee aee?aeoi? oe?iu,
eioi?ue ?oeiaiaeeo ?aaioie ioaeaea nauoa e ioaeaea oo?ecia ( ni. ?en 2.1
).
Oaaeiue oeao eiaao a naiai ninoaaa aeaa niaiu, niaoeeaeece?othueany ia
auionea ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaeia ecaeaeee:
Niaia ? 1 – iioea aa?oiae aeaoneie iaeaaeaeu (eo?oee, eiiaeiaciiu,
eiiieaeou) e iioea ioaeneie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu
( eo?oee, ?oaaoee, a?thee, ieaue e.o.ae.).
Niaia ? 2 – iioea aeaineie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu (eo?oee, ieaue, ieaouey,
oaeaou, thaee, aeocee, oi?ou, a?thee e.o.ae.);
Anni?oeiaio ecaeaeee, i?aaeeaaaaiuo i?aaei?eyoeai, iaiyaony a
caaeneiinoe io ni?ina iio?aaeoaey. I?iaeoeoeey, auioneaaiay
i?aaei?eyoeai, ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia oieueei ii ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai, ii e
yenii?oe?oaony a no?aiu niae?oaeanoaa. Caeoiea iaiaoiaeeiiai nu?uey
i?iecaiaeeony ii Eacaonoaio. I?aaei?eyoea eiaao eiiia?/aneee iaaacei
aeey ?aaeecaoeee aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Aeey oaaee/aiey i?eauee e iienea iiauo iooae ?acaeoey, i?aaei?eyoea
o/anoaoao a aunoaaeao, aaea i?aaeeaaaao naith i?iaeoeoeeth, /oiau iaeoe
iiaua ?uiee nauoa e aueoe ia iiauo iinoaaueeia nu?uey, eioi?ua
i?aaeeaaatho naith i?iaeoeoeeth ii auaiaeiie oeaia.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a
oi?aaeaiey oe?iie.
Iauaa nia?aiea
o/?aaeeoaeae
Aee?aeoi?
Ae. iaiaaeaea?
Cai. ii i?iecaiaenoao Eiiia?/aneee
aee?aeoi?
Ioaeae Oeaoa Ioaeae
Ioaeae
ION oo?ecia
nauoa
Oeiainiaue ioaeae
aooaaeoa?ey
Iiaeai? eaae?ia ia yoaia ?acaeoey oe?iu inouanoaeyaony aee?aeoi?ii
oe?iu, ii iinea iacia/aiey /aeiaaea ia aeieaeiinoue aeaaiiai iaiaaeaea?a
ei aoaeao inouanoaeyoueny iiaeai? eaae?ia.
eaiaeu i?yiie (ia?aoiie) nayce (?oeiaiaeeoaeue-
iiae/ei?iiue)
eaiaeu aeiaa?eoaeueiie nayce (aia i?yiiai ia/aeueieea)
eaiaeu ?aaiii?aaiie nayce
?en 2.1 I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey oe?iu
Iai?eia?, ia iaeiie ec oaeeo aunoaaie aue caeeth/ai eiio?aeo n
eiiaeiaoii “Iaoeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia” ai?iaea Ecue-I?aeu ia iinoaaeo
neioaiiia. Oae aea caeeth/aeenue aa?oa?iua naeaeee n ?acee/iuie
i?aaei?eyoeyie ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ia acaeiii auaiaeiuo oneiaeyo.
I?aaei?eyoea naieie neeaie, aac inoaiiaee i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iaiaeeo
oaoie/aneea ia?aaii?oaeaiey.
Caeoieea niaa?oaiii iiaua eiii?oiua aycaeueiua iaoeiu, aeey oaaee/aiey
anni?oeiaioa i?aaeeaaaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, e ioe?uoey iiaiai oeaoa, ii
auioneo aycaiiuo ecaeaeee.
OII “A?OIN – Na?aen EOAe.” i?eieiaao o/anoea e a iauanoaaiiie aeecie,
caieiaaony aeaaioai?eoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoueth. Iaania/eaaao
aeaoneea-naiaeiua aeiia: aeaoneeie eo?oeaie, iaeaaeaeie, ianoaeueiui
aaeueai e iiaea?eaie e Iiaiio Aiaeo.
I?aaei?eyoea inouanoaeyao naith i?iecaiaenoaaiii – oicyenoaaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue a oneiaeyo iieiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e yeiiiie/aneie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Iii ieaie?oao naith ?aaioo iniiauaaynue ia caeeth/aaiuo
aeiaiai?ao, enoiaey ec iaueo eioa?ania ?aaioieeia e niaeaaeaeueoeaa.
I?aaei?eyoea nicaeaao aeaaii?eyoiua nioeeaeueiua oneiaey aeey ?aaiou e
o/anoaoao a iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii –
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeythony: i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeey
oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey. Iaoa?eaeueii – oaoie/aneia niaaaeaiea
inouanoaeyaony iin?aaenoaii iioiaie oi?aiaee. OII “A?OIN – Na?aen EOAe.”
?aaeecoao naith i?iaeoeoeeth e oneoae ii aeiaiai?ai, /a?ac iioiaoth e
?icie/ioth oi?aiaeth, a oae aea iaiin?aaenoaaiii ianaeaieth. Iii iiaeao
i?aaieciauaaoue oe?iaiiua iaaaceiu. I?aaei?eyoea naiinoiyoaeueii
ii?aaeaeyao oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee e nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea a naieo
iiae?acaeaeaieyo.
Oaaeeoea 2.1
Oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee
OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”
Iaeiaiiaaiea iieacaoaeae
Aae.
ecia?.
1993 a.
1994 a.
+/- Oaiiu ?inoa 1994/1993
(%)
Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee oun. oaiaa 368.9 1,326 957 359.4
Aaeainiaay i?eaueue oun.oai 0.8 -191 -190 –
Cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai oun.
oaiaa
368.1
1,517
1,148.9
412.1
Noieiinoue i?iiuo-
eaiii-i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiuo oiiaeia
oun.
oaiaa
23.2
6.1
-17.1
–
Iauay /eneaiiinoue ?aaioathueo
/ae.
43
42
-1
–
A oii /enea ?aai/eo /ae. 28 24 -4 –
Oiiae iieaou o?oaea oun.
oaiaa
21.2
215.4
194.2
1016
A oii /enea ca?aaioiay ieaoa ooaoiui nio?oaeieeai oun.
oaiaa
19.2
210.4
191.2
1095
C/i ?aaioathueo ii niaianoeoaeuenoao oun.
oaiaa
2.0
5.0
3.0
250
N?aaeiaaiaeiaay c/i ?aaioathueo oun.
oaiaa
0.49
5.13
4.64
1046
Ii eoiaai ?aaiou ca 1994 aiae au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee
ninoaaeea 1326.0 oun. oaiaa, /oi ia 957.1 oun. oaiaa aieueoa, /ai a
niioaaonoaothuai ia?eiaea i?ioeiai aiaea. A oeaeii ii i?aaei?eyoeth a
1993 aiaeo aaeainiaay i?eaueue ninoaaeea 800 oaiaa. Ec-ca neiieaiey
ia?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee a 1994 aiaeo i?aaei?eyoea iiianei oauoee.
Aaeainiaay i?eaueue ninoaaeea – 191 oun. oaiaa. Ca 1994 aiae
oaaee/eeenue cao?aou ia iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu. Noieiinoue oeaie
oaaee/eeanue a aeaa ?aca. Iinoiyiiia oaaee/aiea oeai ia yia?aiiineoaee
i?eaaei e oiio, /oi oeaiu ca iaeei eAo//an yeaeo?iyia?aee, n o/?oii
iaeneiaeueiie iaa?ocee, n yiaa?y ii aeaeaa?ue oaaee/eeanue a 19 ?ac, oi
anoue n 0.13 oaiaa aei 2.43 oaiaa. Anee a 1993 aiaeo noieiinoue
yia?ai?ano?nia naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey 15.7 oun. oaiaa,
oi a 1994 aiaeo cao?aou ia yia?ai?ano?nu e aiaeo aeinoeaee 224.4 oun.
oaiaa. Niioaaonoaaiii oaaee/eeanue oeaia ca iieueciaaiea aiaeii?iaiaeii
e eaiaeecaoeeae ( i?eia?ii a 6 ?ac ), n 3.20 oaiaa aei 19.50 oaiaa. A
?acoeueoaoa oaaee/aiey oeai ia iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu, oeaiu ia
i?iecaiaeeioth i?aaei?eyoeai i?iaeoeoeeth oaeaea ia?aniao?eaaeenue.
Iai?eia?, oeaia ioaeneie eo?oee “AEssNEA” ia ia?aia aeaeaa?y 1994 aiaea
ninoaaeea 1300 oaiaa e oaaee/eeanue ii n?aaiaieth n ia/aeii aiaea ia 40
%. N?aaeiaaiaeiaay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ia iaeiiai ?aai/aai a 1994 aiaeo
5.13 oun oaiaa, eiaaea a 1993 aiaeo iia ninoaaeyea 0.49 oun. oaiaa.
N?aaeianieni/iay /eneaiiinoue ?aai/eo i?aaei?eyoey ca aiae ninoaaeea 42
/aeiaaea. ?ino e niioaaonoaothuaio ia?eiaeo i?ioeiai aiaea ninoaaee – 1
/aeiaae.
2.2. Aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”
I?aaeeaaaaiay iieoiaoaeyi i?iaeoeoeey i?iecaiaeeony ia a?aiaeoaiuo
ieiuaaeyo. Iauay ieiuaaeue i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiiauaiee ninoaaeyao 270
ea.i. Ec ieo 180 ea.i. – oaaeiue oeao, 60 ea.i. – ?ane?ieiue oeao, 30
ea.i. – neeaaeneea iiiauaiey. Ia i?aaei?eyoee onoaiiaeaiu 11 aaeeieoe
oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey ioa/anoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. 10 iiauo
iaoei 97-ai e 22-ai eeanna, ni n?ieii neoaeau 10 eao e iaeia iaoeia aeey
iaa?eiaa. I?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe i?eaaaeaiu a
oaaeeoea 2.2
Oaaeeoea 2.2
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay iiuiinoue
Iaeiaiiaaiea o/anoeia Eiee/anoai ?aa. iano Iaeiaiiaaiea anni?oeiaioa
Iiuiinoue
Oaaeiue oeao
Niaia ? 1
10 Ioaeneay iaeaaeaea, eo?oee, aa?oiyy iaeaaeaea( ioae. e aeaoneay)
801
Oaaeiue oeao
Niaia ? 2 10 AEaineay iaeaaeaea 844
Anaai 10
1645
Ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee anaai 10 oaaeiuo iaoei, ii oae eae i?aaei?eyoea
?aaioaao iiniaiii, oi ia yoeo iaoeiao ?aaioaao 20 /aeiaae.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio i?aaei?eyoeai auioneaaony neaaeothuea aeaeu
i?iaeoeoeee:
Oaaeeoea 2.3
Iaeiaiiaaiea i?iaeoeoeee I?ioeaio io iauaai iau?ia i?iecaiaenoaa , %
Eo?oee aeaineea 40
Eo?oea ioaeneay 6
Eo?oee aeaoneea 18.4
Eiiaeiacii aeaoneee 6
Eiiieaeo aeaoneee 8.6
Ni?i/ee, oaeaou 13
I?i/ea 8
Anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ?aciiia?acai. Ii aeeth/aao a naay
i?iaeoeoeeth eae aeey aeaoae, oae e aeey ac?ineuo. A ceiiee ia?eiae
oe?iie auioneaeenue aeaineea ooaie?iiua eo?oee ec nianiauo oeaiae,
ioaeneea ceiiea eo?oee ( “Aeynea” ) ec nianiauo oeaiae ia neioaiiia,
aeaoneea eo?oee e eiiaeiaciiu, eiiieaeou aeaoneie iaeaaeaeu,
aeeth/athuea a naay eo?oeo e iieoeiiaeiacii ec ieauaauo oeaiae ia
ooaie?iiie iiaeno?aeea. A eaoiee ia?eiae oe?iie auioneaeenue ioaeneea
ni?i/ee, aeaineea oaeaou e ii/iua ni?i/ee. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy oe?iie
auioneaaony iinoaeueiia aaeue?.
Noaey ii aiaeeco auiouaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ca 1994 aiae, aieueoa
i?iecaiaeeeinue aeaineeo eo?oie – 657 aaeeieoe, /oi ninoaaeyao ni?ie
i?ioeaioia io iauaai auionea ecaeaeee. A yoii aea aiaeo oe?iie auei
auiouaii 97 aaeeieoe ioaeneeo eo?oie, /oi ninoaaeei 5.9 % io iauaai
auionea i?iaeoeoeee. Auione aeaoneie i?iaeoeoeee, aeeth/ay aeaoneea
eo?oee, eiiaeiaciiu e eiiieaeou – 548 aaeeieoe, /oi ninoaaeei 3.3 % io
iauaai auionea i?iaeoeoeee.
I?iaaaey aiaeec caeeth/aiiuo aeiaiai?ia iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i oii,
/oi ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee ia i?aaei?eyoee i?aeoe/anee ia
i?iaiaeeeinue. Auione oie eee eiie i?iaeoeoeee caaenae io naciiiinoe (
?en. 2.2 ) e io iau?ia i?iaeaae. Ceiie oe?ia i?iecaiaeeea aieueoa
aa?oiae ceiiae iaeaaeaeu, a eaoii eaoiae iaeaaeaeu. Anee ca 1994 aiae
oe?ia i?iecaaea 1645 ecaeaeee eaoiaai e ceiiaai anni?oeiaioa ( Oaaeeoea
2.4), oi oaeaeueiue aan ceiieo ecaeaeee ninoaaeyao 79 %, a eaoieo 21 %.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi eaoii o ?aaioieeia aue iaeei ianyoe ioionea.
?en. 2.2 Naciiiinoue i?iaeaae ii a?oiiai i?iaeoeoeee
Oaaeeoea 2.4 Anni?oeiaio
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ca 1994 aiae
Anni?oeiaio yiaa?ue Oaa?aeue Ia?o Ai?aeue Iae Ethiue Etheue Aaaono
Naioya?ue Ieoya?ue Iiya?ue Aeaeaa?ue Eoiai
Eo?oea ioaeneay (oo)
12
14
10
–
–
–
–
13
11
13
12
12
97
Eo?oea aeaineay (oo)
75
88
60
–
–
–
–
70
100
91
87
86
657
Eo?oea aeaoneay (oo) 50 36 37 20 – – – 39 20 26 42 40 310
Eiiaeiacii (oo) 12 11 15 – – – – 12 8 14 16 8 96
Eiiieaeo aeaoneee (oo) 10 18 12 – – – – 17 18 21 26 20 142
Oaeaou aeaineea (oo)
–
–
–
28
47
40
–
12
–
–
–
–
127
Ii/iua ni?i/ee aeaineea (oo)
–
–
–
12
20
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
60
?oaaoee ioaeneea (oo)
–
–
–
21
30
16
10
–
–
–
–
–
77
Iinoaeueiia aaeue? (oo) – – 20 26 15 18 – – – – – – 79
Eoiai 159 164 154 107 112 102 10 163 157 165 183 166 1645
Auione i?iaeoeoeee ?aaoee?iaae ni?in. Ia eaeoth i?iaeoeoeeth aue
aieueoa ni?in, oaeoth i?iaeoeoeeth noa?aeenue auioneaoue a aieueoai
eiee/anoaa, ii oae eae ia i?iaiaeeeinue ?aaoey?iiai ia?eaoeiaiaiai
enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea nauoa oe?ia ianaiaa?aiaiii ?aaae?iaaea ia eciaiaiey
ni?ina iio?aaeoaeae, a neaaenoaee /aai iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee i?iaiaeeeinue e?aeia iaaeeaiii. Aeieaia a?aiy
oe?ia i?iecaiaeeea iaeio e ooaea i?iaeoeoeeth, eioi?ay i?ae?auaea
iieueciaaoueny ni?inii, e oe?ia auea auioaeaeaia ianoe aieueoea oauoee
ca o?aiaiea ieeiio iaioaeiie i?iaeoeoeee ia neeaaea.
Iai?eia?, a 1992 aiaeo iiaeaeuea?aie oe?iu auea ?ac?aaioaia iiaeaeue
ioaeneie eo?oee “AEssNEA”. A oi a?aiy aeaiiay iiaeaeue iieueciaaeanue
aieueoei oniaoii ia ?uiea Eacaonoaia.. Iia auea oaeiaia a iinea,
auiieiaia ec iiaeiie oeaie n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaeae. Iniiaiuie
eiieo?aioaie oe?iu auee oo?aoeeea e iieueneea i?iecaiaeeoaee, ii oae eae
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oeaoa iaoae oe?iu iaoiaeeeenue a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
aeecinoe io iio?aaeoaey naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee auea ieaea, a
neaaenoaee /aai ?uii/iay noieiinoue eo?oie auea cia/eoaeueii ieaea /ai o
eiieo?aioia. Ii /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy i?iecioei ianuuaiea ?uiea,
eciaieeanue iiaea e aeaiiay iiaeaeue ia niioaaonoaiaaea o?aaiaaieyi
iio?aaeoaeae. A yoi a?aiy eiieo?aiou eciaieee aeecaei eo?oie aua?inea ia
?uiie iiaua iiaeaee, a oi a?aiy eae iaoa oe?ia i?iaeieaeaea
i?iecaiaeeoue noa?oth iiaeaeue. A neaaenoaee yoiai ia neeaaea neiieeinue
aieueoia eiee/anoai ia?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e oe?ia iiianea aieueoea
oauoee. Iaoa oe?ia iiiuoaeanue auionoeoue eo?oee n eciai?iiui aeecaeiii,
ii oae eae enneaaeiaaiee ?uiea nauoa ia i?iecaiaeeeinue aeaiiay iiiuoea
auea iaoaea/iie e oe?ia iiianea aeiiieieoaeueiua oauoee.
Cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai iaeioi?uo aeaeia ecaeaeee i?eaaaeaiu a oaaeeoea
2.5.
Oaaeeoea 2.5
Cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai iaeioi?uo aeaeia ecaeaeee
Iaeiaiiaaiea cao?ao Aaeeieoeu
ecia?aiey Eo?oea aeaineay Eo?oea ioaeneay Eiiae-iacii
Nu?ue? e iaoa?eaeu oaiaa 430.5 597.92 155.42
Iniiaiay C/I oaiaa 62.5 75 31
Aeiiieieoaeueiay C/I oaiaa 6.25 7.5 2.48
Aniiiiaaoaeueiay C/I oaiaa 13.75 16.5 6.7
Io/eneaiey a oiiae caiyoinoe oaiaa 1.65 1.98 0.8
Nioeno?ao oaiaa 24.75 29.7 12.05
Iaeia ia ?acaeoea o?ainii?oa oaiaa 16.5 19.8 8.04
Oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu, n o/?oii yeaeo?iyia?aee
oaiaa
15.04
18.06
6.6
Aii?oecaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu oaiaa 0.4 0.4 0.4
A?aiaeiay ieaoa oaiaa 44.52 44.52 44.52
Naaanoieiinoue oaiaa 615.86 811.38 268.01
E?oiiaeoei iinoaaueeii nu?uey aeey i?iecaiaenoaa eo?oie aue
Ecue-I?aeeineee eiiaeiao iaoeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia ( ni. Oaae. 2.6 ), n
eioi?ui aue caeeth/ai aeiaiai? ia iinoaaeo neioaiiia. Oneiaey aeiaiai?a
auee auaiaeiuie aeey oe?iu oae eae noieiinoue neioaiiia (n o/aoii
aeinoaaee), i?iecaiaeeiiai Ecue-I?aeeineei eiiaeiaoii, ninoaaeyea 42
oaiaa ca iiaiiiue iao?, a noieiinoue neioaiiia ia ?uiea Aeiaou
ninoaaeyea 55 oaiaa ca iiaiiiue iao?.
Ana inoaeueiia nu?ue? ( aaeiiue, iiaeeeaaei/iay oeaiue, caiee, ieoee,
?aceiea ) i?eia?aoaeinue o eiiia?/aneeo oe?i e /anoiuo eeoe,
caieiathueony iinoaaeie auoaoeacaiiiai nu?uey ia oa??eoi?eth ?anioaeeee
Eacaonoai ec no?ai Aeaeueiaai e Aeeaeiaai ca?oaaaeuey. Iiene iinoaaueeia
aeaiiiai nu?uey i?iecaiaeeeny n iiiiuueth aacaou Ea?aaai e ?aeeaiiuo
iauyaeaiee, i?ioiaeyuei ii eiiia?/aneei oaeaaeceiiiui i?ia?aiiai.
Cao?aou ia iinoaaeo nu?uey ia oe?io iiea/eaaeenue iinoaaueeaie
caeoiaaiiai nu?uey.
Oo?ieoo?a ( eiiiee ) i?eia?aoaeenue a ai?iaea Ea?aaaiaea. A 1993 aiaeo
iaoae oe?iie aue caeeth/ai aeieain?i/iue aeiaiai? n OII “ Eeueyn”,
caieiathueiny i?iecaiaenoaii eiiiie ia nia?aiaiiii iai?oaeiaaiee ii
oeineie oaoiieiaee, ia iinoaaeo eiiiie aeey i?iecaiaenoaa ioaeneie,
aeaineie e aeaoneie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu. Caeoiaoue i?iaeoeoeeth OII
“Eeueyn” auei auaiaeiaa oae eae noieiinoue eiiiie ( n o/aoii aeinoaaee
) ninoaaeyea 800 oaiaa ca eeeia?aii, a noieiinoue aiaeiae/iie oo?ieoo?u
o Aeiaoeineeo iinoaaueeia ninoaaeyea 1500 oaiaa ca eeeia?aii. ?acieoea a
noieiinoe iaeiiai eeeia?aiia ninoaaeyea 700 oaiaa. Oaeaea o OII “Eeueyn”
aue caeoieai noaiie aeey onoaiiaee eiiiie ia aioiaua ecaeaeey.
Aieueoa ieeaeeo ?aaio ii iieneo iinoaaueeia nu?uey oe?iie ia
i?iaiaeeeinue.
Oaaeeoea 2.6
E?oiiaeoea iinoaaueee % io anao
caeoiie Ia aieaa
20 ei Aieaa
500 ei
Neioaiii Ecue-I?aea 35 – O
Oo?ieoo?a
Ea?aaaiaea, OII”EEUessN”
15
–
O
Inoaeueiua iinoaaueee 50 O –
Anaai 100
Nauo auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee inouanoaeyaony
neaaeothueie niiniaaie:
1. Iaaaceiu ?icie/iie oi?aiaee
2. Iioiai-oi?aiaua i?aaiecaoeee
3. Iin?aaeie/aneea eiiiaiee
4. Caeacu io oe?i e i?aaiecaoeee
5. Iio?aaeoaeyi
Iniiaiuie iieoiaoaeyie auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee yaeyaony ianaeaiea ni
n?aaeiei o?iaiai aeinoaoea. Aieueoay /anoue i?iaeoeoeee ?aaeeciauaaaony
/a?ac ?OAe “CAIAA?”. Oaeaea aue a?aiaeiaai ioaeae a iaaaceia “Aeaoneee
ie?” aeey ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, i?iecaiaeeiie aeey aeaoae.
A1993 aiaeo i?iecioei ?anoe?aiea ?uiea nauoa. Aue caeeth/ai aeiaiai? n
Aeoeeiia?iui Iauanoaii “OeOI” ai?iaea Onoue-Eaiaiiai?nea. Ii oneiaeyi
aeaiiiai aeiaiai?a caeac/ee iiea/eaae 100 i?ioeaioia noieiinoe
i?eia?aoaaiie i?iaeoeoeee n aeaeueiaeoei naiiauaicii n oa??eoi?ee
ai?iaea Aeiaou. Aeaiiue aeiaiai? yaeyeny auaiaeiui, oae eae iaeaieueoay
/anoue i?iaeoeoeee ?aaeeciauaaeanue ia oa??eoi?ee Ainoi/ii-Eacaonoaineie
iaeanoe.
Ia oa??eoi?ee ai?iaea Aeiaou iaeiei iniiaiuo caeac/eeia yaeyaony
Aeiaoeieay ?aaeei-Oaeaaeceiiiay Ia?aaeathuay Noaioeey, eioi?ay ioi?ieea
aeieain?i/iue caeac ia iioea niaoeiaeaaeaeu aeey ?aaioieeia. A 1993
aiaeo aue caeeth/ai aeiaiai? n Oeaio?aeueiui Nii?oeaiui Eeoaii A?iee
?anioaeeee Eacaonoai ia iioea ceiieo o?aie?iai/iuo einothiia aeey
nii?oniaiia eiiueeiaaaeoeaa. Iaeiei ec caeac/eeia yaeyaony Aeoeeiia?iia
iauanoai “Uiouiaena?aen”, caieiathuaany i?aaeinoaaeaieai ia?eeiaoa?neeo
oneoa ianaeaieth ai?iaea Aeiaou, caeeth/eaoaa aeiaiai? ia iieoieo
niaoeiaeaaeaeu aeey ianoa?ia ia?eeiaoa?ia.
A 1995 aiaeo oe?ia caeeth/eea aeiaiai? n iin?aaeie/aneie eiiiaieae
“Ay”, caieiathuaeny iin?aaeie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth ia oa??eoi?ee
Aeoaeneiai e?ay a ai?iaea Aeenea, ia caeoieo auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Niaeanii oneiaeyi aeiaiai?a eiiiaiey “Ay” iiea/eaaea 100 i?ioeaioia
i?aaeiieaou, n iineaaeothuei naiiauaicii ni neeaaea ai?iaea Aeiaou, a
oaeaea ii?aaeaeyea anni?oeiaio e eiee/anoai aaeeieoe eaaeaeiai
iaeiaiiaaiey caeoiaaiie i?iaeoeoeee. Oaeaea io eiiiaiee “Ay” aue iieo/ai
caeac ia iioea iinoaeueiiai aaeuey, eioi?ia ?aiaa ia auioneaeinue
oe?iie, /oi iineoaeeei iiaiaeii aeey /anoe/iiai oaoie/aneiai
ia?aaii?oaeaiey oe?iu. Iineaaeiaa a?aiy aeaiiay eiiiaiey yaeyeanue naiui
e?oiiui caeac/eeii aeey oe?iu.
Oaeaea caeeth/aeenue aeiaiai?a n oece/aneeie eeoeaie ia iieoieo
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee aeey aeaeueiaeoae ?aaeecaoeee ia aauaauo ?uieao
ai?iaea Aeiaou.
Oaaeeoea 2.7
Aiaeec e?oiiaeoeo iieoiaoaeae
Nienie
e?oiiaeoeo caeac/eeia % io anao i?iaeaae Ia aieaa 20 ei Aieaa 500 ei
Yen-ii?o a NIA(%) Ea/anoai na?aena Naiaa?. iinoaaie
(aeie)
?OAe “Caiaa?” 15 O
aaoio?ainii?o 1
Aeaoneee ie? 15 O
aaoio?ainii?o 1
“A?OIN” 15 O
aaoio?ainii?o 2
Onoue-Eaiaiiai?. 30
O
AEaeaci. aei?iaa 7
?inney 15
O 20 AEaeaci. aei?iaa 10
Inoaeueiua caeac/eee 10
Anaai 100
A 1994 aiaeo auei ?aaeeciaaii i?iaeoeoeee ia noiio 1326.0 oun. oaiaa.
Eo ieo ia 198.9 oun. oaiaa a ?innee, ii ai?iaeo Aeiaou 729.3 oun. oaiaa,
ii Eacaonoaio 397.8 oun. oaiaa.
Aei 1994 aiaea oaaeiay io?aneue Eacaonoaia auea i?aaenoaaeaia 26
oaaeiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie. I?aaei?eyoey io?anee auioneaee oiaa?u aeey
ia?iaea aeeth/ay aa?oithth iaeaaeaeo, einothiii-ieaoaeueiue anni?oeiaio
ec ?acee/iuo aeaeia oeaie e iaoa?eaeia aeey anao aic?anoiuo a?oii.
Ii iio?aaeoaeueneei naienoaai, o?iaith iiaeciu, oneiaeyi ?aaeecaoeee
oiaa?a, oneiaeyi iio?aaeaiey e ioiineoaeueiui oeaiai. E
oiaa?ai-caiaieoaeyi iiaeii ioianoe oaeea oiaa?u, eae iaeueoi,
iieoiaeueoi ec nianiauo oeaiae n ia?i-iooiauie iaiieieoaeyie, iaeueoi,
iieoiaeueoi e eo?oee ec nianiauo oeaiae ia neioaiiia e ae?oaea, oi anoue
iie aoiaeyo a iaeio oiaa?ioth a?oiio.
Iio?aaeoaee n/eoatho aeaiiua oiaa?u acaeiicaiaiyaiuie i?e ionoonoaee
iaeiiai ec ieo a i?iaeaaea iiaoo i?eia?anoe ethaie ec oiaa?ia,
aeeth/aiiuo a oiaa?ioth a?oiio, anee ii eiaaony a i?iaeaaea. E?eoa?eai
auai?a oiaa?a aeey ?acee/iuo a?oii iieoiaoaeae yaeyaony aeinooiiinoue ii
oeaia, a oaeaea ea/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee.
Oneiaey ?aaeecaoeee aeey anao oiaa?ia aeaiiie oiaa?iie a?oiiu
iaeeiaeiau – /a?ac naoue i?aaei?eyoee ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, /a?ac
iaaaceiu, /a?ac iioiauo iieoiaoaeae eee ia ?acee/iiai aeaea aauaauo
?uieao.
Oneiaey iio?aaeaiey aeey anao oiaa?ia aeaiiie a?oiiu i?eia?ii
iaeeiaeiau – anoue iaeioi?ua ?acee/ey a n?ieao neoaeau iaeueoi e eo?oie.
A i?iaaaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaieyo ia aeeth/aiu iaeueoi e ieaue ec eiaee, a
oaeaea oaeay aa?oiyy iaeaaeaea, eae ooau ec iaoo?aeueiiai iaoa aaeaeo
oiai, /oi i?e neiaeeaoeony aeioiaeao iniiaiie /anoe ianaeaiey aeaiiua
oiaa?u yaeythony iaaeinooiiuie.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeey oeaee aeaiiiai aiaeeca a eco/aaioth oiaa?ioth
a?oiio aeeth/aiu iiieii iaeueoi oa?noyiuo, oaeaea iaeueoi e eo?oee ec
nianiauo oeaiae n iooi-ia?iauie iaiieieoaeyie, iaeueoi e eo?oee ec
nianiauo oeaiae ia neioaiiia, ae?oaay aa?oiyy ceiiyy e aeaienaciiiay
iaeaaeaea, e?iia iaeueoi e ieauae ec eiaee e ooa ec iaoo?aeueiiai iaoa.
Iau?i i?iaeaae ca 1994 aiae ninoaaee 1645 oooe ec ieo a Eacaonoaia
?aaeeciaaii 85 %, a ?innee 15 %.
Eiii?o aeaiiie a?oiiu oiaa?ia a Eacaonoai i?iecaiaeeony oi?aiauie
aeiiaie, i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie iioiaie e ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, a
oaeaea “ /aeiieaie “ a iniiaiii ec Eeoay, Oo?oeee, a oaeaea no?ai NIA.
Oaeaea neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi a oneiaeyo iinoiyiii ?anoe?ythueony
aiaoieo naycae o a?aaeaeai Eacaonoaia iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue
i?eia?aoaiey ea/anoaaiiuo oiaa?ia aeaiiie a?oiiu ca ?oaaaeii. Ii aeaiiui
Aineiinoaoa ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai oieueei ca ia?aia iieoaiaeea a
?anioaeeeo aaacaii:
Oaaeeoea 2.8
Iaeiaiiaaiea oiaa?a No?aia-iinoaauee Eiee/anoai
( oo ) Oaeaeueiue aan io iauaai eiii?oa (%)
Iaeueoi, aeeth/ay ieaue n eaithoiiaie e iiaeiaiua ecaeaeey ec oei.
aieieii
Eeoae
3400
4.9
I?i/ay aa?oiyy iaeaaeaea
Eeoae
260
0.4
I?i/ay aa?oiyy iaeaaeaea
Oaaeoea?ey
3000
4.3
I?i/ay aa?oiyy iaeaaeaea
NOA
20788
29.7
Aeaiiua naaaeaiey yaeythony aeaeaei ia iieiuie, oae eae io?aaeatho
oieueei iinoaaee ca ia?aoth iieiaeio 1994 aiaea. Neaaeoao eiaoue aaeaeo,
/oi eiiia?/aneea i?aaiecaoeee iniiaioth /anoue oiaa?ia yoie a?oiiu
i?eia?aoatho a inaiia-ceiiee nacii, oi anoue aieueoay /anoue iinoaaie
i?eoiaeeony ia aoi?oth iieiaeio aiaea. N o/aoii auoaeceiaeaiiiai, iau?i
iinoaaie o/eouaaaiue i?aaiaie noaoenoeee ca aiae aeieaeai ninoaaeoue ia
iaiaa 70 ouny/ ecaeaeee.
Ia o/eouaatho iinoaaee, i?iaiaeeiua oece/aneeie eeoeaie – “/aeiieaie”.
Ii ioeaii/iui aeaiiui, iau?i ?aaeecoaiuo eie oiaa?ia niiinoaaei n
ioeoeeaeueiuie noaoenoe/aneeie aeaiiuie.
O/eouaay iau?iu i?iecaiaenoaa aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai
ca 1994 aiae, a oaeaea ioeaii/iue iau?i eiii?oa ca yoio aea ia?eiae
iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue aeieth OII “ A?OIN – Na?aen EOAe” ( ni. Oaaeeoeo 2.9
)
Oaaeeoea 2.9
Iaeiaiiaaiea i?aaei?eyoee Iau?i iinoaaie ia ?anioaeeeaineee ?uiie
( oo ) Oaeaeueiue aan
(%)
OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” 1645 0.63
I?i/ea i?aaei?eyoey a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai 186.000 71.2
Iau?i eiii?oa 70.000 27.5
Anaai 257645
Aeey i?iaa?ee iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia auee i?iaaaeaiu aeiiieieoaeueiua
enneaaeiaaiey, i?eiya ai aieiaiea iau?i ieaoaaeaniiniaiiai ni?ina
iioaioeeaeueiuo a?oii iieoiaoaeae, no?oeoo?o iniiaiuo a?oii
iio?aaeoaeae, aaia?aoe/aneoth no?oeoo?o ni?ina e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea
oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia no?oeoo?o e iau?i iio?aaeoaeueneiai ?uiea.
A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo aieueoay /anoue ianaeaiey ia eiaao aiciiaeiinoe
i?eia?aoaiey aauae aeeeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey, a oii /enea oiaa?ia
aiaeece?oaiiai anni?oeiaioa.
Iau?i i?iaeaae ieaoaaeaniiniaiiai ni?ina ii aeaiiie a?oiia oiaa?ia
cia/eoaeueii nie?aoeeny. Ii ioeaii/iui aeaiiui ii oiae a aeaa ?aca. Anee
ceiiyy iaeaaeaea i?eia?aoaeanue ?ac a 3-6 eao, oi oaia?ue oaeay iieoiea
i?iecaaaeeony ia /aua ?aca a 6-9 eao.
?anniao?eaay no?oeoo?o iniiaiuo a?oii iieoiaoaeae, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo ia
?uiea aeaienaciiiie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi
i?aeoe/anee eaaeaeue ec iieoiaoaeae eiaao aiciiaeiinoue auai?a oiaa?ia,
eae ii ea/anoao, oeaia, oae e ii oe?iai – i?iecaiaeeoaeyi yoeo oiaa?ia.
I?e yoii a?oiiu ianaeaiey n aunieei o?iaiai aeioiaeia i?aaeii/eoatho
iieoiaoue eiii?oiua ecaeaeey, oioy eo oeaia a 2 – 3 ?aca auoa.
Ianaeaiea a aic?anoa aei 28 eao, eae iieacuaatho i?iaaaeaiiua
enneaaeiaaiey, ioaeatho i?aaeii/oaiea eo?oeai ec nianiauo oeaiae n
?acee/iuie iaiieieoaeyie eiii?oiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ii oeaia,
niiinoaaeiie n ecaeaeeyie, i?iecaiaeeiuie OII “A?OIN – Na?aen EOAe”. I?e
yoii n?ie neoaeau eo?oie ianeieueei ieaea, iie caiaiythony /aua e a
no?oeoo?a ?uiea ia eaaeaeoth iieoieo iaeueoi i?eoiaeeony aeaa iieoiee
eo?oee.
Oae eae ?anniao?eaaaony ?uiie aeaienaciiiie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu, oi
aaciaui /eneii aoaeao eiee/anoai ianaeaiey – ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo a
ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai. E?iia oiai aeey ?an/aoa iau?ia
?uiea i?eieiaaony ai aieiaiea oi, /oi eaaeaeue /aeiaae eiaao iaeii
aeaienaciiiia e iaeii ceiiaa iaeueoi eee ae?oaie aeae aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu.
( Aeaiiua i?eaaaeaiu a Oaaeeoea 2.10 ).
Oaaeeoea 2.10
?an/ao i?eia?aoaiey aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai
Eiee/anoai ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo a ?anioaeeea ca 1994 aiae (/ae)
4663000
Eiee/anoai iieoiie aa?oiae iaeaaeaeu a aiae ( oo ) 887667
Iau?i iinoaaie OII “A?OIN -Na?aen EOAe “ ia ?anioaeeeaineee ?uiie ( oo )
1645
Ia ia?aia yiaa?y 1995 aiaea ia neeaaea i?aaei?eyoey neiieeinue
i?iaeoeoeee ia noiio 210 ouny/ oaiaa. Ioaeia ee yoa i?iaeoeoeey
iio?aaeoaeyi? O i?aaei?eyoey i?iecioei neiieaiea i?iaeoeoeee
“caii?aaeeaaiea” iniiaiuo n?aaenoa ia noaaeee nauoa i?iaeoeoeee e ia
ieacaeinue n?aaenoa aeey caeoiee nu?uey. Aiaeece?oy nicaeaaoothny
ianoaiiaeo a i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i
oii, /oi ioaeia ia?ano?ieea a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey. No?oeoo?iay
ia?ano?ieea anaaaea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiue e aieaciaiiue i?ioeann. Ai anai
ie?a ana eiiiaiee ia?ano?aeaathony, iaoiaeyo iiaua ?uiee nauoa, iiaua
oaoiieiaee. Iiaua ainoaea?noaaiiua aeou oaeaea canoaaeytho
ia?ano?aeaaoueny. A ie?a iiiaea i?iecaiaeeoaee i?iaeoeoeee ?aaioatho n
ia?aie/aiiui e?oaii iieoiaoaeae e iinoaaueeia nu?uey iiea ia iiaeaa?oo
iiaiai iieoiaoaey eee iinoaaueea nu?uey eee ia iiaunyo ea/anoai
i?iaeoeoeee.
AEAAA III. NIAA?OAINOAIAAIEA I?AAIECAOeEE
IA?EAOEIAIAIE AeAssOAEUeIINOE
IA OII “A?OIN-NA?AEN EOAe”
Aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe ia i?aaei?eyoee ii
iiaio iiaieth iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe ?ai?aaiecaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey a
neaaeothuai iai?aaeaiee:
3.1. I?aaeeiaeaiey ii eciaiaieth i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey
oe?iie.
I?iaiaeece?iaaa i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o oi?aaeaiey oe?iu
“A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe”, iiaeii aeaeaoue neaaeothuee auaiae:
1. A no?oeoo?a oe?iu iao ioaeaea, eioi?ue aeieaeai caieiaoueny
?ac?aaioeie ia?niaeoeaiuo ieaiia ?acaeoey e oeiainiaie iieeoeeie oe?iu.
2. Yoaiu i?ioiaeaeaiey oeiainiauo aeieoiaioia neeoeii caoyioou, /oi ia
noaaeee ?acaeoey oe?iu n/eoaaony iaaeiionoeiui.
Enoiaey ec auoaeceiaeaiiiai i?aaeeaaaaony eciaieoue i?aaiecaoeeiiioth
no?oeoo?o oi?aaeaiey oe?iu (ni. ?en. 3.1) neaaeothuei ia?acii:
1. Aaanoe a i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o oe?iu ioaeae Ia?eaoeiaa e
?aeeaiu, eioi?ue aoaeao ioaa/aoue ca ?ac?aaioeo ieaiia ?acaeoey
i?aaei?eyoey, ii?aaeaeaiea oeiainiaie e ?aeeaiiie iieeoeee oe?iu, a
oaeaea iieneii iiauo iinoaaueeia nu?uey e iiaiai ?uiea nauoa auioneaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee.
2. Oa?aoue ec iiae/eiaiey Aeaaiiio Iaiaaeaea?o Eiiia?/aneiai aee?aeoi?a
e Caianoeoaey ii i?iecaiaenoao, iiae/eiea eo iaiin?aaenoaaiii Aee?aeoi?o
oe?iu.
A oneiaeyo ?anoouae eiieo?aioeee i?iecaiaeeoaee oiaa?ia e oneoa ana
aieueoaa cia/aiea aoaeoo i?eaeaaaoue ia?eaoeiao, iiyoiio y n/eoath, /oi
a naiii aeeaeaeoai aoaeouai ia OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” iaiaoiaeeii
ioe?uoue ia?eaoeiaiaoth neoaeao. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia i?aaei?eyoee
ia?eaoeiaiauie enneaaeiaaieyie caieiaaony ioaeae nauoa. Nauo i?iaeoeoeee
i?ienoiaeeo aeinoaoi/ii iaaeeaiii, ii ioe?uoea ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau,
i?yiuie caaea/aie eioi?ie yaeythony auyniaiea iauanoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae
e iooae iaeaieaa iieiiai eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey, iicaieeei au oaaee/eoue
nei?inoue ?aaeecaoeee aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee. N aaaaeaieai a
i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o oi?aaeaiey ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa aoaeao
?aaeueiui ?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, oae eae i?aaeaeaeaoue,
i?iaiice?iaaoue ni?in aiciiaeii aeaaiaea?y iinoiyiiiio eco/aieth
iio?aaeoaeae oae, /oiau ?ac?aaaouaaoue e i?aaeeaaaoue eiaiii oi, /oi iie
oioyo e a /ai ioaeaeathony.
Auoiae ia iiaua ?uiee nauoa i?iaeoeoeee oaeaea iaoneaaeeaaaony
aiciiaeiinoueth auno?i ?aaeeciauaaoue i?iaeoeoeeth, /aio aaconeiaii
niinianoaoao nicaeaiea ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee.
Aeoeaiay ?aaioa ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony caeiaii yooaeoeaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, oae eae ii iaiin?aaenoaaiii caieiaaony
iieneii ?aaeueiuo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae i?iaeoeoeee e eae
neaaenoaea iieo/aiea aeioiaeia io ?aaeecaoeee.
Iauaa nia?aiea
o/?aaeeoaeae
Aee?aeoi?
Cai. ii i?iecaiaenoao Ae. iaiaaeaea? Eii.
aee?aeoi?
Ioaeae Oeaoa Ioaeae ia?eaoeiaa Ioaeae
Ioaeae
ION e ?aeeaiu
oo?ecia nauoa
Oeiainiaue ioaeae
aooaaeoa?ey
Iiaeai? eaae?ia ia yoaia ?acaeoey oe?iu inouanoaeyaony aee?aeoi?ii
oe?iu, ii iinea iacia/aiey /aeiaaea ia aeieaeiinoue aeaaiiai iaiaaeaea?a
ei aoaeao inouanoaeyoueny iiaeai? eaae?ia.
eaiaeu i?yiie (ia?aoiie) nayce (?oeiaiaeeoaeue-
iiae/ei?iiue)
eaiaeu aeiaa?eoaeueiie nayce (aia i?yiiai ia/aeueieea)
eaiaeu ?aaiii?aaiie nayce
?en. 3.1. I?aaeeaaaaiay i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey n o/aoii
aeeyiey ?aaiou neoaeau ia?eaoeiaa
3.2. Iiene aiciiaeiiai ?anoe?aiey ?uiea nauoa
I?iaiaeece?iaaa i?aaiecaoeeth nauoa i?iaeoeoeee, auioneaaiie oe?iie,
iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ia oe?ia niaa?oaiii ia i?aaieciaai nauo
i?iaeoeoeee. Aiaeec o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaeae i?iaiaeeony ia iniiaa
eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie ec nianoaaiiuo iaaethaeaiee ?aaioieeia oe?iu, a
oaeaea ia aunoaaeao, eioi?ua i?iaiaeyony e?aeia ?aaeei e ia yaeythony
iniiaiui a?aoiaioii i?e ii?aaeaeaiee ni?ina ia oo eee eioth
i?iaeoeoeeth. Oioy i?iaeoeoeey oe?iu ?an/eoaia a iniiaiii ia iieoiaoaeae
ni n?aaeiei aeinoaoeii, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho iniiaioth /anoue ianaeaiey
?anniao?eaaaiiai ?aaeiia, ?aeeaia i?iaeoeoeee ia i?iaiaeeeanue. Oioy
?aeeaia iicaieyao ?anoe?eoue e?oaici? iieoiaoaeae ioiineoaeueii oeai e
i?iecaiaeeoaeae iaeii?iaeiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio oe?ia eniieueciaaea iin?aaeieeia aeey ?aaeecaoeee
i?iecaiaeeiiai ae oiaa?a. Ia noaaeee ?acaeoey aeaiiue iooue naiue
?aoeeiiaeueiue. Ii aeey aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey oe?iu, caaiaaaiey iiaiai
?uiea nauoa, oe?aieaiey eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe oe?iu iaiaoiaeeii a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue nieceoue noieiinoue i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Nieaeaiea noieiinoe aiciiaeii i?iecaanoe aeaoiy niiniaaie:
1. Nieaeaiea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee ca n/ao nieaeaiey o?oaeiaieinoe
?aaio, noieiinoe nu?uey, oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa,
nieaeaiey neeaaeneeo ?anoiaeia e ?anoiaeia ia o?ainii?oe?iaeo
i?iaeoeoeee.
2. Nieaeaiea noieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee iooai ono?aiaiey iin?aaeieeia
iaaeaeo iio?aaeoaeyie e i?iecaiaeeoaeai i?iaeoeoeee, oae eae ethaie
iin?aaeiee aa??o ii?aaeaeaiiue i?ioeaio io noieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee ca
i?iaaae?iiua ei ?aaiou.
Ia aeaiiii yoaia iaoeaeaniia?acii i?iaiaeeoue nieaeaiea naaanoieiinoe
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, oae eae ieeaeie ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee ia
i?iaiaeeeinue e iio?aaeoaeue iiaeao e ia ciaoue i i?iecaiaeeiie
i?iaeoeoeee. Enoiaey ec yoiai i?aaeeaaaaony i?iaanoe ?aeeaiioth
eiiiaieth iniiaiie i?iaeoeoeee, a caoai i?iaanoe aeaoaeueiua
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey n oeaeueth aeaeueiaeoaai oeo/oaiey
oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey oe?iu.
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee ai?iaeia ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai, iaeaieaa eioa?aniuo
aeey ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, a ea/anoaa e?eoa?eaa eniieueciaaeenue
iieacaoaee
– iioaioeeaeueiay aieinoue ?uiea
– eiee/anoai o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey
I?e aiaeeca eniieueciaaeenue noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua Ainoaea?noaaiiiai
Eiieoaoa ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai ii noaoenoeea e aiaeeco ca 1995 aiae.
1. Eiathueany aeaiiua auee na?oiie?iaaiu neaaeothuei ia?acii :
Oa?aeoa?enoeea iioaioeeaeueiie aieinoe ?uiea (?aeoeia IA?O) – 1 a?oiia
aaaeiinoe
Iauaa eiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee O
Eiee/anoai i?eaueueiuo i?aaei?eyoee I
Aaeainiaay i?eaueue (oauoie) i?aaei?eyoee A
Ii?ia ?aioaaaeueiinoe
?
Eiee/anoai o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey ( ?aeoeia IO ) – 2 a?oiia
aaaeiinoe
Ianaeaiea iaeanoiiai oeaio?a I
Eiee/anoai o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey O
a iaeanoiii oeaio?a
I?e yoii i?eciaee ia?aie a?oiiu auee acyou, eae eiaeaen iioaioeeaeueiie
aieinoe ?uiea. A i?eciaee aoi?ie a?oiiu, eae eiaeaen iaeeaeaaiiai iau?ia
i?iaeaae. Eaaeaeue ec ?aeoeiaia i?eieiaao cia/aiea io 1 aei 19 ii
eiee/anoao ?anniao?eaaaiuo iaeanoae e ?annoaaeyao eo a ii?yaeea
aic?anoaiey aaaeiinoe.
2. A i?eeiaeaiee 3.2 e 3.3 i?iaaaeai aiaeec noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo
i?eeiaeaiey 3.1.
?aeoeia I, ?, A e O n yenia?oiie ioeaieie ( I?eeiaeaiea 3.3 )
iieo/aiu i?e ii?aaeaeaiee aaniiinoe i?eciaea n iiauoathuei
eiyooeoeeaioii 0.2 (anee iaeanoiie oeaio? eiaao ?aeoeia
10)
?aeoeia I?AO (I?eeiaeaiea 3.3) iieo/ai eae ?acoeueoao noiie?iaaiey
?aeoeiaia I, ?, A e O. Iin?aaenoaii yoiai iieacaoaey auei i?iaaaeaii
?aiaee?iaaiea ii ioiineoaeueiie aaee/eia iioaioeeaeueiie aieinoe ?uiea.
?aeoeia IO( I?eeiaeaiea 3.4 ) iieo/ai, eae ?acoeueoao iaiauaiey
i?eciaeia I e O i?e iaeeiaeiaii aana i?eciaeia ( 0.5 e 0.5 )
?aeoeia IO n yenia?oiie ioeaieie (I?eeiaeaiea 3.4 )
iieo/ai i?e ii?aaeaeaiee aaniiinoe i?eciaea n eiyooeoeeaioii 1 i?e
aeaiiii iauaaeeiaiee, /oi io?aaeaao iaeeiaeiaue o?iaaiue cia/eiinoe.
?acoeueoaou aiaeeca ( I?eeiaeaiea 3.5 ).
Ia yoii yoaia i?eiaiyaony iaoiae a?oiie?iaee i?eciaeia aaee/eiu
iioaioeeaeueiie aieinoe ?uiea ( ?aeoeia AI?O ) e eiee/anoai
o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey ( ?aeoeia IO ) ii a?oiiai i/a??aeiinoe aeey
ia/aea aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a i/a?aaeiii iaeanoiii oeaio?a.
Ai?iaea iauaaeeiyeenue a o?e a?oiiu ii eaaeaeiio ec ?aeoeiaia AI?I e IO
neaaeothuei ia?acii :
1-y a?oiia iieacaoaee ?aeoeiaa io 1 aei 7
2-y a?oiia iieacaoaee ?aeoeiaa io 8 aei 15
3-y a?oiia iieacaoaee ?aeoeiaa io 16 aei 19
?acoeueoaoii a?oiie?iaee (ni. Oaaeeoea 3.1) yaeyaony ?acaeaiea ia o?e
iiiaeanoaa ii eaaeaeiio ec ?aeoeiaia AI?I e IO. Iieacaoaeue aea
“Noiia?iue ?aeoeia” aue iieo/ai eae ?acoeueoao noiie?iaaiey aeaoo
iacaaeneiuo ?aeoeiaia AI?I e IO.
Oaaeeoea 3.1
Iaeanoue Iaeanoiie oeaio? ?aeoeia AI?I ?aeoeia IO Noiia?iue ?aeoeia
Ainoi/ii-Eacaonoaineay Onoue-Eaiaiiai?ne 1 1 2
Ea?aaaiaeeineay Ea?aaaiaea 1 1 2
Iaaeiaea?neay Iaaeiaea? 1 1 2
Aeiieeneay Aeiiea 2 1 3
Aeothaeineay Aeothaeine 1 2 3
Aou?aoneay Aou?ao 1 2 3
Einoaiaeneay Einoaiae 1 2 3
THaeii-Eacaonoaineay Ouieaio 2 1 3
Aeiaoeineay Aeiaou 3 1 4
AEaiaueueneay AEaiaue 3 1 4
AEaneacaaineay AEaneacaai 1 3 4
Caiaaeii-Eacaonoaineay O?aeuene 2 2 4
Ecue-I?aeeineay Ecue-I?aea 2 2 4
Eieoaoaoneay Eieoaoao 2 2 4
Naieiaeaoeineay Naieiaeaoeine 2 2 4
Iaiaenoaoneay Aeoao 2 3 5
Naaa?i-Eacaonoaineay Iao?iiaaeiane 3 2 5
Oo?aaeneay A?eaeue 2 3 5
Oaeaeuei?aaineay Oaeaeuei?aai 3 3 6
Oaeei ia?acii, o/eouaay noiia?iue ?aeoeia, auea onoaiiaeaia neaaeothuay
i/a?aaeiinoue iaeanoiuo oeaio?ia ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai, a eioi?uo a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ?aeiiaiaeoaony ?aaeeciauaaoue i?iaeoeoeeth:
1-y i/a?aaeue Onoue-Eaiaiiai?ne
Ea?aaaiaea
Iaaeiaea?
2-y i/a?aaeue Aeiiea
Aeothaeine
Aou?ao
Eonoaiae
Ouieaio
3-y i/a?aaeue AEaiaue
AEaneacaai
O?aeuene
Ecue-I?aea
Eieoaoao
Naieiaeaoeine
4-y i/a?aaeue Aeoao
Iao?iiaaeiane
A?eaeue
5-y i/a?aaeue Oaeaeuei?aai
?en. 3.2. Noaia nouanoaothuaai ?uiea nauoa.
?en. 3.3. I?aaeeaaaaiay noaia nauoa i?iaeoeoeee
CAEETH*AIEA
Ie?iaay i?aeoeea ii/oe ca aeaa noieaoey au?aaioaea e i?inoi aea?eo iai
yooaeoeaiua iiaeoiaeu e ?aaoee?iaaieth ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey, oiaa?ii
aeaiaaeiuo ioiioaiee, eae ia o?iaia ainoaea?noaa ( iaeiae, o?iaaiue
aeecie, i?ioeaiou, caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou e o.ae. ) , oae a ia o?iaia
i?aaei?eyoey, iauaaeeiaiey e ae?oaeo oi?i e no?oeoo? oicyenoaiaaiey –
ia?eaoeiaiaia oi?aaeaiea a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee, ai?ueau ca iio?aaeoaey
n oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey aai iio?aaiinoae.
Nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony i?eioeeiii: i?iecaiaeeoue oi, /oi
aaconeiaii iaoiaeeo nauo, a ia iuoaoueny iaaycuaaoue iieoiaoaeth ia
“niaeaniaaiioth” i?aaeaa?eoaeueii n ?uieii i?iaeoeoeeth. Ae?oaeie
neiaaie i?iecaiaeeoue oi, /oi i?iaea?ony, a ia i?iaeaaaoue oi, /oi
i?iecaiaeeony. I?eaioaoeey ia iio?aaeoaey icia/aao eco/aiea ia
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, a ?aaeueiuo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae
?uiea. I?e yoii oiaa?u e oneoae yaeythony eeoue n?aaenoaii aeinoeaeaiey
oeaee, a ia naiie oeaeueth. Ia?eaoeia yaeyaony ?oeiaiaenoaii e
oi?aaeaieth, ieaie?iaaieth, aeaenoaeth a oneiaeyo ?uiea.
OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” auei nicaeaii 5 ieoya?y 1992 aiaea.
I?aaei?eyoea i?iecaiaeeei aa?oithth ioaeneoth, aeaineoth e aeaoneoth
iaeaaeaeo. Ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee ionoonoaoao ioaeae ia?eaoeiaa, a
aeaiioth ooieoeeth /anoe/ii ian?o ioaeae nauoa. E eiioeo 1994 aiaea
i?aaei?eyoea iiianei oauoee, oae eae aicieeea i?iaeaia n ?aaeecaoeeae
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee. Ec-ca ionoonoaey ioaeaea, i?yiuie iaycaiiinoyie
eioi?iai auei au eco/aiea ?uiea, a a /anoiinoe eco/aiea ni?ina ia
auioneaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth, y n/eoath ia i?iecioei au e?ecena a
i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia?eaoeia n iiceoeee oe?iu i?iecaiaeeoaey aeeth/aao iyoue iniiaiuo
aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, ia?acothueo oeeee ia?eaoeiaa: ii?aaeaeaiea
iio?aaiinoe, onoaiiaeaiea oeaiu, eioi?ie?iaaiea iio?aaeoaey, aeinoaaea
i?iaeoeoa eee oneoa, ianeoaeeaaiea iio?aaeoaey.
Ia i?eia?a OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” iu ?anniio?aee iaiaoiaeeiinoue
ia?eaoeiaa a yooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e iineaaenoaey,
eioi?ua iiaoo i?eaanoe e e?eceno ec-ca ionoonoaey yoiai ioaeaea.
Aeaiiay ?aaioa iicaieeea ii?aaeaeeoue ?yae i?iaeai, naycaiiuo n
ionoonoaeai ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee. Ia iniiaa oai?aoe/aneiai
e i?aeoe/aneiai aiaeeca auee naeaeaiu auaiaeu e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee:
1. Iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue ioaeae ia?eaoeiaa e ?aeeaiu, eioi?ue au ?aoae
aii?inu ii ?acaeoeth i?aaei?eyoey, inouanoaeye ?aeeaiioth iieeoeeo
oe?iu.
2. I?aaei?eyoeth o?aaoaony i?aaieciaaoue i?ioeann iienea aiciiaeiiai
?anoe?aiey ?uiea nauoa, eniieuecoy aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiue iiaeoiae ii
iaeanoyi ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai.
Iainii?eiui oaeoii yaeyaony oi, /oi ia?eaoeia ninoaaeyao aaaeioth
/anoue aeayoaeueiinoe a ethaii naeoi?a yeiiiieee.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
1. Eiinoeoooeey ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai. – Eacaonoai: Yeiiiieea e aeeciue,
? 4, 1993.
2. Caeii ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai “I oicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?euanoaao” io 2 iay
1995. – A na. : Caeiiu, oeacu e ii?iaoeaiua aeou ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai ii
aii?inai ?uii/iie yeiiiieee, – Aeiaou, 1995 .
3. Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai io 12 oaa?aey 1994 . “I
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22 oaa?aey 1994 .
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5. Aecian-ieai // ?aaioieoea, 1992, ? 2-6
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16. Yaain Aeae., Aa?iai A. Ia?eaoeia: Nie?. ia?. n aiae./ Aao. i?aaeene.
e iao/i. ?aae. A. A. Ai?y/aa. I.: Yeiiiieea, 1990
17. Aia?eeaineay oeiea oi?aaeaiey. Eae iiauneoue aeioiaeiinoue Aaoaai
i?aaei?eyoey.-I., 1992
18. Caaueyeia I. N., Aeaieaeia A. A. Oi?ioea oniaoa. Ia?eaoeia. – I.,
1991
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20. Iiniaea ii iiaeaioiaea i?iiuoeaiiuo oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee THIEAeI, 1992
21. ?iocai O. Noaiue ieeeeiia?ii. – I., 1992
22. Eae ninoaaeoue aecian-ieai – A?ecaii, 1990
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24. Caaueyeia I. N., Aeaieaeia A. A. Oi?ioea oniaoa: ia?eaoeia, noi
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26. Eaa?ia N. I., Ceiaei N. TH. Iniiau ia?eaoeiaa i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaeoia.
– I.: Aiaooi?aecaeao, 1989
27. Ia?eaoeia ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey / I. N.
Caaueyeia, A. A. Aeaieaeia, I. I. Ea?iiaa e ae?. – I.: Aiaooi?aecaeao,
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28. Aa?aiiaa A. I. Ia?eaoeia. Aii?inu e ioaaou. ?uii/iay yeiiiieea aeey
anao. I.: AI “AA?II?IIECAeAO”, 1991
29. Eaouiia O. Ae. ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ?inneeneiio i?aaei?eieiaoaeth // NOA:
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30. ?. Oec?e/ I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, I., I?ia?ann-Oieaa?n, 1993
31. ?. I. Oieo Iniiau oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa. I. : Ecaeaoaeuenoai
Aeaei, 1993
32. Nia?aiaiiue ia?eaoeia. Iiae ?aae. A. A. O?ooeeiai. I.: Oeiainu e
noaoenoeea, 1991
33. Aeaaeaiey ?uiea : Ia?eaoeia. Ia?. n o?.// A. Aeaeai, O. Aoo?aeue, ?.
Eaiea? e ae?.; Iao/. ?aae. Ooaeaei?iia A. A. I.: Yeiiiieea, 1993
34. Aiaeiaua io/aou OII “A?OIN-Na?aen EOAe” ca 1992-1994 aiaeu.
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