IINEIANEAss AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss
AEAAeAIEss IA*AOE
Eaoaae?a iaiaaeaeiaioa
Eo?niaie i?iaeo
ia oaio : Ninoaaeaiea aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
?oeiaiaeeoaeue: Noaiaiiaa A.I.
Nooaeaio: A?iaeiaa I.A.
A?oiia: Y-3-1-A (A-16)
IINEAA 1996
***
A oeaoa iieiinoueth a aeaa niaiu aoaeoo caa?oaeaii… iaoei, …ec
eioi?uo iai?aaeaiu a eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio….iaoei aoaeao caa?oaeaiu ia
iieiinoueth ia …%
?aoa?ao
Ieaie?iaaiea — iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo oaeoi?ia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e
?acaeoey i?iiuoeaiiuo oe?i a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Yoa
aeayoaeueiinoue iinoiyiii niaa?oainoaoaony a niioaaonoaee n iauaeoeaiuie
o?aaiaaieyie i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia, oneiaeiaieai
oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, iiauoaieai ?iee iio?aaeoaey a oi?ie?iaaiee
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo e eiuo ia?aiao?ia i?iaeoeoeee. Aieueooth ?ieue
ea?atho oaeaea eciaiaiey a i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?iao e oa?aeoa?a
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?i, iiauoaiea cia/aiey o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiuo ei?ii?aoeee
(OIE) a ie?ioicyenoaaiiuo naycyo.
Ieaie?iaaiea ieacuaaao ?aoathuaa aicaeaenoaea ia ?acaeoea
iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa iiauoaiea aai yooaeoeaiinoe ia iniiaa
eioaineoeeaoeee. Ii ia?a ?acaeoey ?inneeneie yeiiiieee oeo/oathony
iaoiaeu ieaie?iaaiey, oneiaeiythony aai caaea/e.
Aaeeiay nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiuo ieaiia aeeth/aao
ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiia, io?aneaaia e aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiia
ieaie?iaaiea. Iniiao, enoiaeiia caaii ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai
ieaie?iaaiey ninoaaeytho ieaiu ieciauo i?aaiecaoeee, i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee (i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee).
N ?acaeoeai yeiiiieee, ?anoe?aieai ianooaaia i?iecaiaenoaa,
oneiaeiaieai iaaeio?aneaauo, aioo?eiio?aneaauo e aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee iinoiyiii niaa?oainoaothony iaoiaeu ieaiiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii. A oneiaeyo onei?ythueony oaiiia
iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna e ?anooueo iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa
i?ienoiaeyo eciaiaiey a i?iecaiaenoaa, a noa?a ia?auaiey e
ianeoaeeaaiey. Iiauoaaony o?iaaiue eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaiaenoaa,
?acaeaaaony aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiay niaoeeaeecaoeey. Iaoeeiiii
aic?anoaao i?ioanneiiaeueiue e eoeueoo?iue o?iaaiue o?oaeyueony.
Iaeaaeaiea
Caaeaiea ……………………………2
?aoa?ao ……………………………3
Iaeaaeaiea …………………………5
Aaaaeaiea …………………………..7
1 Iniaaiiinoe ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia iee?iyeiiiie/aneii o?iaia. ……………..9
1.1 Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu ieaie?iaaiey……..9
1.2 ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oe?iu .Caaea/e ieaie?iaaiey eae niaieoiiinoue
oeaeae. ………..10
1.3 Iniaaiiinoe ieaie?iaaiey a oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiey enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo.
…………11
1.4 Yoaiu ?ac?aaioee aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia.
……………………………….12
1.5 No?oeoo?iay noaia ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii- eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Acaeiinaycue aeieain?i/iiai e e?aoein?i/iiai
ieaie?iaaiey. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ?ac?aaioee ieaiia.
………………….14
1.6 No?oeoo?a e?aoein?i/iiai ieaia i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Oeaeaiieaaathuea e oeaeaiaania/eaathuea ieaiu.
…………………………….15
1.7 Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa ia iee?iyeiiiie/aneii o?iaia.
………..15
2. Ieai i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee ..20
2.1 Ieai nauoa – iniiaiiieaaathuee ?acaeae aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia.
……………..20
2.2 Ninoaaeythuea ieaia nauoa. Eiee/anoaaiiua e noieiinoiua iieacaoaee.
………..24
2.3 Enoiaeiua aeaiiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ieaia.
……………………………….24
3 Ieaie?iaaiea iio?aaiinoae a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nao.
………………….26
3.1 Ieaie?iaaiea iio?aaiinoae a o?oaeiauo ?ano?nao e caiyoinoe
?aaioieeia. ……..26
3.2 Ieaie?iaaiea ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
…………………………….30
3.3 Ieaie?iaaiea iieaou o?oaea. ………33
3.4 Iaoiaeu ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao.
……………………36
3.5 I?aaiecaoeey caeoiie e iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia a oneiaeyo ?uiea.
Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia.
………………………………40
3.6 ?acia?u neeaaeneeo caiania e ?aca?aia (oi?aaeaiea caianaie).
………………42
4 Ieaie?iaaiea ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa. ..46
4.1 Ieaie?iaaiea ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa…46
4.2 Ieaie?iaaiea i?eauee. ……………48
Caeeth/aiea. ………………………..50
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u. ………………….51
Aaaaeaiea.
Noaiiaeaiea ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee e iiaiai yeiiiie/aneiai iuoeaiey
i?aaeiieaaaao ?acaeoea i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe,
iaiaoiaeeiie aeey iiaeuaia i?iecaiaenoaa, oaaee/aiey auionea oiaa?ia
ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey, oneoa ianaeaieth. A oneiaeyo iieiaeiai aua
?inneeneiai ?uiea, o?iie/aneiai aeaoeoeeoa i?e ia?iiiuo ?ano?nao e
iaeniieueciaaiiuo ?aca?aao i?iecaiaenoaa, i?aaei?eyoey anao oi?i
nianoaaiiinoe aeieaeiu oaeaeyoue ia?ainoaiaiiia aieiaiea no?aoaae/aneiio
iaiaaeaeiaioo e aioo?eoe?iaiiiio ieaie?iaaieth. No?aoaae/aneia
ieaie?iaaiea — yoi nouanoaaiiue eiiiiiaio iaiaaeaeiaioa. Yoi
iai?a?uaiue i?ioeann aiaeeca e i?iaiice?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ethaie, aeaaea naiie iaethnaiueeie oe?iu. Yoi nenoaia
iyoe acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiuo noaaeee:
a) iinoaiiaea oeaeae;
a) ioeaiea oaeouaai ninoiyiey i?aaiecaoeee;
a) ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoaaee;
a) ?ac?aaioea aeieain?i/iiai ieaia;
ae) ei??aeoeey ieaia.
Eiaiii oiaeia ieaie?iaaiea aa?aioe?oao oniao a aeciana.
“Ieaie?iaaiea — yoi iniuneaiea, a caoai aeaoaeueiia iniuneaiea oiai, /oi
Au niae?aaoanue aeaeaoue a aoaeouai e eae niae?aaoanue yoiai aeinoe/ue”
(Ae.A.I. Aeeenii).
Naaeaine?iaaiiue aioo?eoe?iaiiue ieai i?aaenoaaeyao oe?ia aiieia
iuooeiua aeaaa: /aoeoth iaiiaaiioth i?ia?aiio i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, yooaeoeaioth ia?aoioth naycue, ii?iae?iaaiioth
no?aoaaeth niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa, aunieoth o?oaeiaoth ii?aeue
?aaioieeia e ?aaioieoe, anaiauoth ono?aieaiiinoue ia?niiaea oe?iu e
eiiiaaoeeyi, nie?auaiea ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.
Aaaeoueie ?acaeaeaie aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia yaeythony:
ia?eaoeia, ii?aaeaeythuee iauai i?iaeaae e aeioiaeu, noiia?iua cao?aou e
eiiia?/aneea ?acoeueoaou. Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie yaeythony:
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caaeaiey ia aaca aeaiiuo i iioaioeeaeueiii ni?ina,
ianuuaiiinoe ?uiea, aeaeaeaiee ?uii/iuo oeai. Ia iniiaa aai oi?ie?oaony
anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee, ii?aaeaeythony ianooaau e i?eioeeiu
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, /oi a eoiaa ii?aaeaeyao iauai i?iaeaae.
1 Iniaaiiinoe ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia iee?iyeiiiie/aneii o?iaia.
1.1 Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu ieaie?iaaiey.
Ieaie?iaaiea i?iecaiaenoaa yaeyaony ?aoathuei oaeoi?ii
yooaeoeaiiai aaaeaiey oicyenoaa a oneiaeyo aai eioaineoeeaoeee. Iii
iniiauaaaony ia iauaeoeaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo caeiiao, e i?aaeaea anaai
caeiia ieaiiia?iiai, i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue ieaie?iaaiey iaoneiaeaia aunieei o?iaiai eiioeaio?aoeee
i?iecaiaenoaa, iauanoaaiiie nianoaaiiinoueth ia n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa.
I?eioeei aaeeinoaa ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey
i?iyaeyaony a eii?aeeiaoeee ieaiia anao io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
naeueneiai oicyenoaa e ae?oaeo noa? iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iai?a?uaiinoue ieaie?iaaiey iniiauaaaony ia iai?a?uaiinoe naiiai
i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa. Iia au?aaeaaony a oaniie acaeiinayce
ia?niaeoeaiiai, oaeouaai e iia?aoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey, a ii?aaeaeaiee
ieaiiauo caaeaiee ia nii?yaeaiiua ieaiiaua ia?eiaeu, a aania?aaieiii
iaania/aiee i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa anaie iaiaoiaeeiuie ?ano?naie.
A oneiaeyo aic?anoathueo oaiiia ?acaeoey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa e
onei?aiey iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna iniaia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao
i?eioeei iioeiaeueiinoe ieaie?iaaiey. Ii naycai n i?eiaiaieai
iiiaiaa?eaioiuo ?an/aoia e auai?ii ec ieo iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo.
Iioeiaeueiinoue ieaie?iaaiey — yoi aeinoeaeaiea iaeaieaa iieiiai
eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nia a oeaeyo iiauoaiey
yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa, aai eioaineoeeaoeee, oeo/oaiey eiia/iuo
iieacaoaeae i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ieaie?oaiiai
iauaeoa.
Noaaeeueiinoue ieaie?iaaiey icia/aao nouanoaaiiia nie?auaiea
aiciiaeiuo eciaiaiee a ooaa?aeaeaiiuo ieaiao, niaethaeaiea ii?yaeea e
n?ieia aianaiey ooi/iaiee a ieaiu io?aneae, iao/ii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e
i?iiuoeaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, ioaeaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee.
1.2 ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oe?iu .Caaea/e ieaie?iaaiey eae niaieoiiinoue
oeaeae
Niaea?aeaiea aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey eae ooieoeee
oi?aaeaiey e?oiiie i?iiuoeaiiie oe?iie ninoieo a iainiiaaiiii
ii?aaeaeaiee iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee e i?iii?oeee ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa n
o/aoii iaoa?eaeueiuo enoi/ieeia aai iaania/aiey e ni?ina ?uiea.
Nouiinoue ieaie?iaaiey i?iyaeyaony a eiie?aoecaoeee oeaeae ?acaeoey anae
oe?iu e eaaeaeiai iiae?acaeaeaiey a ioaeaeueiinoe ia onoaiiaeaiiue
ia?eiae; ii?aaeaeaiee oicyenoaaiiuo caaea/, n?aaenoa eo aeinoeaeaiey,
n?ieia e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe ?aaeecaoeee; auyaeaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo,
o?oaeiauo e oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo
caaea/.
Oaeei ia?acii, iacia/aiea ieaie?iaaiey eae ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey
ninoieo a no?aieaiee caaeaaia?aiaiii o/anoue ii aiciiaeiinoe ana
aioo?aiiea e aiaoiea oaeoi?u, iaania/eaathuea aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey
ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoee, aoiaeyueo a
oe?io. Iii i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?ac?aaioeo eiiieaena ia?ii?eyoee,
ii?aaeaeythueo iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeinoeaeaiey eiie?aoiuo oeaeae n
o/aoii aiciiaeiinoae iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia
eaaeaeui i?iecaiaenoaaiiui iiae?acaeaeaieai e anae oe?iie. Iiyoiio
ieaie?iaaiea i?ecaaii iaania/eoue acaeiioayceo iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie
no?oeoo?iuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie oe?iu, aeeth/athueie anth
oaoiieiae/aneoth oeaii/eo: iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee,
i?iecaiaenoai e nauo. Yoa aeayoaeueiinoue iie?aaony ia auyaeaiea e
i?iaiice?iaaiea iio?aaeoaeueneiai ni?ina, aiaeec e ioeaieo eiathueony
?ano?nia e ia?niaeoea ?acaeoey oicyenoaaiiie eiiuthieoo?u. Ionthaea
auoaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue oaycee ieaie?iaaiey n ia?eaoeiaii e eiio?ieai
n oeaeueth iinoiyiiie ei??aeoe?iaee iieacaoaeae i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa
aneaae ca eciaiaieyie ni?ina ia ?uiea. *ai auoa noaiaiue iiiiiieecaoeee
?uiea, oai oi/iaa OIE iiaoo ii?aaeaeeoue aai ?acia?u e aicaeaenoaiaaoue
ia aai ?acaeoea.
1.3 Iniaaiiinoe ieaie?iaaiey a oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiey enoiaeiuo
aeaiiuo.
Iiaeii auaeaeeoue iaeioi?ua oa?aeoa?iua iniaaiiinoe
ieaie?iaaiey a caaeneiinoe io oeaeae:
— a aia?eeaineeo eiiiaieyo aeaaiia — yoi iauaaeeiaiea no?aoaaee anao
iiae?acaeaeaiee e ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia;
— a aiaeeeneeo eiiiaieyo — i?eaioaoeey ia ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia;
— a yiiineeo eiiiaieyo — i?eaioaoeey ia aiaae?aiea iiaoanoa e iiauoaiea
ea/anoaa ?aoaiee.
Ieaie?iaaiea i?aaeiieaaaao: iainiiaaiiue auai? oeaeae;
ii?aaeaeaiea iieeoeee; ?ac?aaioeo ia? e ia?ii?eyoee; iaoiaeu
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae; iaania/aiea iniiau aeey i?eiyoey iineaaeothueo
aeieain?i/iuo ?aoaiee.
Ieaie?iaaiea iai?aaeaii ia iioeiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea
aiciiaeiinoae oe?iu, a oii /enea iaeeo/oaa eniieueciaaiea anao aeaeia
?ano?nia e i?aaeioa?auaiea ioeai/iuo aeaenoaee, iiaoueo i?eaanoe e
nieaeaieth yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu.
Ieaie?iaaiea aeeth/aao a naay ii?aaeaeaiea:
— eiia/iuo e i?iiaaeooi/iuo oeaeae;
— caaea/, ?aoaiea eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae.;
— n?aaenoa e niiniaia eo ?aoaiey;
— o?aaoaiuo ?ano?nia, eo enoi/ieeia e niiniaa e ?ani?aaeaeaiey.
1.4 Yoaiu ?ac?aaioee aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia.
Ieaiiaay nenoaia oe?iu ninoieo ec ioaeaeueiuo eeeaioia. Ia
i?aeoeea auaeaeyaony 3 iniiaiuo ?acoeueoaoa oicyenoaaiiie eee
eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe:
a) aeiey ?uiea;
a) ?aioaaaeueiinoue;
a) eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue.
Ii a oi aea a?aiy nthaea ioiinyo eaaeeoeeaoeeth e iiuo
ia?niiaea, iioeaaoeeth, aeaenoaaiiinoue nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, /aoeinoue
?aaiou anao no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee, ieaiiainoue, yooaeoeaiinoue
eniieueciaaiey naycaiiuo a?oii eniieieoaeae.
aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu
aiaeec ninoiyiey aiaeec ?uii/iie aiaeec ?uii/iie
io?anee eiiuthieoo?u
eiieo?aioeee
aiaeec nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey
oeiainiaue aiaeec
i?aaeinoaaeaiiua
?acoeueoaou
neioac
Oaae. ? 1
1.5 No?oeoo?iay noaia ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii- eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Acaeiinaycue aeieain?i/iiai e e?aoein?i/iiai
ieaie?iaaiey. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ?ac?aaioee ieaiia.
Aeieain?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea
Iauaeou aeieain?i/iiai ieaie?iaaiey, i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe, eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey, iio?aaiinoe a
oeiainiauo n?aaenoaao, enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee, aeiey ?uiea.
E?aoein?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea
ieai oiaa- ieai ii i?iecaiae. ieai ii ieai aeaeaeai. niaoa
?iiai?ioa nu?ueth ieai o?oaeo caiania aioi-
?anoiaeia
aie i?iae-ee
ieaiu ?aeeaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee N I A O A ? A N O I Ae I A
ieaiu aeioiaeia ieai ii ?aaeecaoeee niaoa ?anoiaeia
i?aeei. iai?aeei. e i?eauee i?aeei. iai?aeei.
e?aae. ieai eaieoaeueiuo ieai
aeiaeaiee
?ac?aaioie
e?aoein?i/iue oei. ieai e?aoein?i/iue oei. ieai
aeioiaeu ?anoiaeu
Oaae. ? 2
1.6 No?oeoo?a e?aoein?i/iiai ieaia i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Oeaeaiieaaathuea e oeaeaiaania/eaathuea ieaiu.
E?aoein?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea – yoi ieaie?iaaiea eniieueciaaiey
oece/aneeo ?ano?nia. E?aoein?i/iua ieaiu ?ac?aaaouaathony ia 1-2 aiaea.
Aaaeoueie ?acaeaeaie aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaia yaeyaony ia?eaoeia,
ii?aaeaeaiea iauaia i?iaeaae e aeioiaeia, noiia?iua cao?aou e
eiiia?/aneea ?acoeueoaou. Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie yaeythony
i?iecaiaenoaaiiia caaeaiea ia aaca aeaiiuo i iioaioeeaeueiii ni?ina,
ianuuaiiinoe ?uiea, aeaeaeaiee ?uii/iuo oeai. Ia iniiaa aai oi?ie?oaony
anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee, ii?aaeaeythony ianooaau i?aaiecaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaa, /oi a eoiaa ii?aaeaeyao iauai i?iaeaae.
I?ioeann ieaie?iaaiey aeeth/aao 4 yoaia:
a) ?ac?aaioea iaueo oeaeae ?acaeoey oe?i;
a) Ii?aaeaeaiea eiie?aoiuo oioaeueiuo oeaeae ia caaeaiiue n?aaieoaeueii
ei?ioeee n?ie (ia?eiae a?aiaie);
a)Ii?aaeaeaiea iooae e n?aaenoa eo aeinoeaeaiey;
a) Eiio?ieue ca aeinoeaeaieai iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae iooai niiinoaaeaiey
ieaiiauo iieacaoaeae n oaeoe/aneeie.
1.7 Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa ia iee?iyeiiiie/aneii
o?iaia.
Yoe iieacaoaee aeeth/atho:
1) iieacaoaee ii i?eauee;
2) iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee;
3) iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia;
4) iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai e caaiiiai eaieoaea;
5) iieacaoaee aeioiaeiinoe aeoeeiia?iiai eaieoaea.
1. Iieacaoaee ii i?eauee.
— iieacaoaee iiaen/aoa aaeiaie i?eauee;
— eiyooeoeeaio aaeiaie i?eauee;
— iieacaoaeue iiaen/aoa /enoie i?eauee.
a) iieacaoaeue iiaen/aoa aaeiaie i?eauee:
Aaeiaay = /enoua i?iaeaaee — naaanoieiinoue
i?eaueue ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
a) eiyooeoeeaio /enoua i?iaeaaee – n/n ?aaee-
aaeiaie = ciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
i?eauee /enoua ecaea?aeee
a) iieacaoaeue iiaen/aoa /enoie i?eauee.
*enoay i?eaueue a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee en/eneyaony iinea auieaou
iaeiaia, aeeaeaeaiaeia, i?ioeaioia ii iaeeaaoeeyi, caeiai e e?aaeeoai,
io/eneaiee a iaineiiiua oiiaeu. Iia inoaaony a ?anii?yaeaiee oe?iu. Aeey
aiaeeca n?aaieaathony aaniethoiua iieacaoaee e auyaeyaony i?e?ino eee
oiaiueoaiea /enoie i?eauee ca io/aoiue ia?eiae.
2. Iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.
— eiyooeoeeaio i?eaueueiinoe i?iaeaae:
Oa?aeoa?ecoao noaiaiue ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu.
?ann/eouaaaony iooai aeaeaiey i?eauee ia noieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee. Eniieuecothony o?e iieacaoaey:
Iieacaoaeue 1
aaeiaay i?eaueue
/enoua i?iaeaaee
Iieacaoaeue 2 /enoay i?eaueue
/enoua i?iaeaaee
Iieacaoaeue 3 iia?aoeeiiiay i?eaueue
/enoua i?iaeaaee
— eiyooeoeeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?iaeaae:
naaanoieiinoue i?iaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
/enoua i?iaeaaee
3. Iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia.
— eiyooeoeeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia:
Iieacaoaeue 1
/enoay i?eaueue
aeoeau
Iieacaoaeue 2
i?eaueueiinoue i?iaeaae * iai?a-
/eaaaiinoue aeoeaia
Iieacaoaeue 3
/enoay i?eaueue *
/enoua i?iaeaaee
* /enoua i?iaeaaee
n?aaeiaaiaeiaay noieiinoue
aeoeaia
Iieacaoaeue 4 /enoua i?iaeaaee
aeoeau
Oa?aeoa?ecoao noaiaiue ?aioaaaeueiinoe eniieueciaaiey iai?ioiiai e
iaiai?ioiiai eaieoaeia.
— eiyooeoeeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaeueiiai iniiaiiai eaieoaea:
Iieacaoaeue 1
/enoay i?eaueue
?aaeueiue iniiaiie eaieoae
Iieacaoaeue 2 /enoua i?iaeaaee
?aaeueiue iniiaiie eaieoae
Oa?aeoa?ecoao yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa, aeiaeaiiuo a
iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu.
4. Iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai e caaiiiai eaieoaea.
— eiyooeoeeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai e caaiiiai eaieoaea:
/enoay i?eaueue
nianoaaiiue eaieoae
Oa?aeoa?ecoao yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia
oeiaine?iaaiey eee ?aioaaaeueiinoue.
— eiyooeoeeaio yooaeoeaiinoe eiaanoe?iaaiiiai eaieoaea:
Iieacaoaeue 1 i?eaueue aei au/aoa iaeiaia +
auiea/eaaaiua i?ioeaiou +
nianoaaiiue eaieoae
aeieain?i/iue caaiiue eaieoae
Iieacaoaeue 2 /enoay + aeieain?i/iue caaiiue
i?eaueue eaieoae
Oa?aeoa?ecoao eiia/iue ?acoeueoao yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey anaai
eiaanoe?iaaiiiai
ca aeeeoaeueiue n?ie eaieoaea.
5. Iieacaoaee aeioiaeiinoe aeoeeiia?iiai eaieoaea.
Yoe iieacaoaee aeeth/atho:
— eiyooeoeeaio aeioiaeiinoe eaieoaea.
Iieacuaaao o?iaaiue aeioiaeiinoe aeiaeaiee aeoeeiia?ia oe?iu.
/enoue aeioiae aeoeeiia?ia
n?aaeiaaiaeiaay noieiinoue aeoeei-
ia?iiai eaieoaea
— i?eaueue ia iaeio aeoeeth
/enoue aeioiae aeoeeiia?ia
n?aaeiaa /enei ia?auathueony
aeoeee
— Iieacaoaeue ioiioaiey ?uii/iie oeaiu aeoeee e aeioiaeo ia iaeio
aeoeeth.
oeaia aeoeee
i?eaueue ia iaeio aeoeeth
Oeaia aeoeee — yoi ioiioaiea noiiu i?iaeaiiuo aeoeee e iauaio
eiee/anoao aeoeee, iaoiaeyueony a ia?auaiee. Iieacaoaeue iieacuaaao,
eaeoth /anoue aeioiaea ia iaeio aeoeeth oe?iu eiaanoi?u iiaoo
caieaoeoue, e ii?aaeaeyao iiaiea i ia?niaeoeaao ?acaeoey oe?iu ia
oiiaeiaie ae?aea.
— Eiyooeoeeaio auieaou aeeaeaeaiaeia:
aeeaeaeaiaeu
/enoay i?eaueue
Iieacuaaao aeieth i?eauee ia aeoeeth, eioi?ay ?ani?aaeaeyaony oe?iie a
aeaea aeeaeaeaiaeia, eee aea aeieth aeioiaea, auiea/eaaaiiai eae
aeeaeaeaiaeu.
— Eiyooeoeeaio iie?uoey i?ioeaioia ii iaeeaaoeeyi:
aeioiaeu aei auieaou iaeiaia
i?ioeaioiua ieaoaaee ii iaeeaaoeeyi
Iieacuaaao, ai neieueei ?ac eiathueany aeioiaeu oe?iu i?aauoatho noiio
i?ioeaioiuo ieaoaaeae ii iaeeaaoeeyi.
2. Ieai i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee
2.1 Ieai nauoa – iniiaiiieaaathuee ?acaeae aioo?eoe?iaiiiai
ieaia.
Nouanoaaiiia ianoi a nenoaia aioo?eoe?iaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey
caieiaao iieeoeea i?aaiecaoeee eaiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey eee nauoiaay
iieeoeea. Aa iacia/aiea – i?aaiecaoeey iioeiaeueiie nauoiaie naoe aeey
yooaeoeaiuo i?iaeaae, aeeth/ay nicaeaiea naoe iioiauo e ?icie/iuo
iaaaceiia, neeaaeia i?iiaaeooi/iiai o?aiaiey, ii?aaeaeaiey ia?o?ooia
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, i?aaiecaoeee o?ainii?oe?iaee, ?aaio ii ioa?ocea e
iia?ocea, aii?inu eiaenoeee, nicaeaiea nenoaiu niaaaeaiey e o.ae.
Ieaie?iaaiea oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – yoi nenoaiaoe/aneia i?eiyoea
?aoaiee a ioiioaiee oece/aneiai ia?aiauaiey e ia?aaea/e i?aaa
nianoaaiiinoe ia oiaa? e oneoao io i?iecaiaeeoaey e iio?aaeoaeth. Ai
iiiaeo neo/ayo auai? eaiaea nauoa – iaeaieaa aaaeiia ?aoaiea aeey
i?aaei?eyoey, oae eae auai? neacuaaaony e ia ?anoiaeao e i?eauee.
Oe?iai, aa?ouay ia naay ana ooieoeee, aeieaeia eo iiea/eaaoue e
iieo/aoue ana aeioiaeu. Oe?ia, eniieuecothuay iacaaeneiua eaiaeu, iiaeao
oiaiueoeoue ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, ii o iaa iaiueoa
i?eaueue. Aeey ?yaea eaoaai?ee i?iaeoeoeee nouanoaotho o?aaeeoeeiiiua
eaiaeu nauoa. Oae, a ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe i?iecaiaeeoaee iau/ii
i?iaeatho oiaa? /a?ac iioiaeeia, eioi?ua eiatho aeaei n ?icie/iuie
iaaaceiaie, i?iecaiaeeoaee iai?oaeiaaiey e iaoei – /a?ac aeeea?ia.
I?e auai?a eaiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey neaaeoao o/eouaaoue ?yae
iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia:
— iio?aaeoaee: oa?aeoa?enoeee, eiee/anoai, eiioeaio?aoeey, ?acia?
n?aaeiae iieoiee, iio?aaiinoe, ?aciauaiea oi?aiauo oi/ae, anni?oeiaio,
oneiaey e?aaeeoa, iioeaaoeee e iiaaaeaiea;
— i?aaei?eyoea/oe?ia: oeaee, eiio?ieue, nauo, i?eaueue, a?aiy;
— ?ano?nu: o?iaaiue, aeaeinoue, iio?aaiinoe a na?aena;
— iiuo: iaoiaeu i?iaeaeaeaiey, ioiioaiey a nenoaia nauoa;
— ciaiey: ooieoeee, niaoeeaeecaoeey, yooaeoeaiinoue;
— oiaa?/oneoaa: noieiinoue, neiaeiinoue, oaoie/aneay noi?iia,
nio?aiiinoue, /anoioa ioa?ocie, iauai, ?acaeaeyaiinoue e o. ae.
— eiieo?aioeey: oa?aeoa?enoeee eiieo?aioia, eiioeaio?aoeey, anni?oeiaio,
iaoiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, acaeiiioiioaiey a nenoaia nauoa;
Ieaie?oy nauoiaoth iieeoeeo a ?aieao ia?eaoeiaa, a caoai e a AI,
oe?ia aeieaeia ?aoeoue ?yae aaaeiuo aii?inia:
— ii?aaeaeeoue no?aoaaeth nauoa ai acaeiioaycea n iniiaiuie
aeiaaeueiuie caaea/aie ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee;
— ii?aaeaeeoue eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: i?yiie, einaaiiue,
o?aaeeoeee, iiiiiieueiua aeiaiai?aiiinoe, oa??eoi?eaeueiua ia?aie/aiey,
th?eaee/aneea aniaeou.
— ii?aaeaeeoue iaoiaeu e oeiu eaiaea oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, eo ni/aoaiey ii
?acee/iui oiaa?iui a?oiiai;
— ii?aaeaeeoue /enei o?iaiae eaiaea (aeeeio e i?ioyaeaiiinoue
eaiaea) ii anae oeaii/ea i?iecaiaeeoaeue – iio?aaeoaeue;
— aua?aoue nenoaio ?oeiaiaenoaa eaiaea oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e oi?io
onoaiiaeaiey i?aaiauo e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo ioiioaiee;
— ii?aaeaeeoue aeaaainoaothuoth ?ieue oe?iu- i?iaeooeaioa eee
oi?aiaie oe?iu;
— noi?ioee?iaaoue o?iaaiue eioaineaiinoe eaiaea
(naeaeoeaiue nauo, ecae?aoaeueiue iiuo, eioaineaiue nauo e o.ae.) ;
— ii?aaeaeeoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue eniieueciaaiey i?inouo e aeaieiuo
eaiaeia eee neiaeiuo eaiaeia nauoa;
— ii?aaeaeeoue iioeiaeueioth no?oeoo?o eiiaeie?iaaiey e ni/aoaiey
?aciiia?aciuo eaiaeia nauoa ii anaio oiaa?iiio anni?oeiaioo auioneaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee.
Oieueei iinea yoiai aiaeeca oe?ia i?eieiaao ?aoaiey i oeia
eniieuecoaiiai eaiaea, aai eioaineaiinoe e eniieueciaaiee aeaieiuo
eaiaeia. A oiaa?iaeaeaeaiee iiiyoea aeeeiu eaiaea eanaaony /enea
iacaaeneiuo o/anoieeia – iin?aaeieeia. I?e nie?auaiee aeeeiu eaiaea,
o.a. iauaaeeiaiee n iioiaeeii, eiaao ianoi aa?oeeaeueiay eioaa?aoeey,
/oi iicaieyao iieo/eoue aieueooth iacaaeneiinoue, iaania/eoue
niaaaeaiea, nie?aoeoue ?anoiaeu ia iin?aaeieeia, oneeeoue eiio?ieueiua
ooieoeee e eii?aeeiaoeeth ii anae oeaii/ea i?iaeoeo – ?uiie. Oe?eia
eaiaea ii?aaeaeyao eiee/anoai iacaaeneiuo o/anoieeia ia ethaii yoaia
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey. A oceii eaiaea i?iecaiaeeoaeue i?iaeaao /a?ac
ianeieueeeo o/anoieeia nauoa, i?e oe?ieii – /a?ac iiiaeo. Anee oe?ia
oi/ao oneeeoue naia iieiaeaiea ia ii?aaeaeaiiii yoaia eaiaea, oi eiaao
ianoi ai?eciioaeueiay eioaa?aoeey, iicaieythuay oaaee/eoue ?uii/ioth
aeieth e yooaeoeaiaa eniieueciaaoue iaoiaeu ?ani?aaeaeaiey e nauoa.
Iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie eaiaeia nauoa nouanoaotho eiio?aeoiua
ioiioaiey, aaea aeaeaaony oii? ia oeaiiaoth iieeoeeo, oneiaey i?iaeaaee,
oa??eoi?eaeueiua i?aaa, no?oeoo?o oneoa.
?anoiaeu ia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiea neeueii eieaaethony ii io?aneyi, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e ii oiaa?iui a?oiiai: oiaa?u eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
iio?aaeaiey, oiaa?u i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey, eiiieaeniua oiaa?u —
iauaeou eaieoaeueiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa ( IEN), aunieioaoiieiae/aneay
i?iaeoeoeey e o.ae.
A yoie nayce ?an/ao auaeyaeeo oae:
Ae = O + O + A + N, aaea
Ae — noiia ecaea?aeae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey;
O — o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu;
O — neeaaeneea ?anoiaeu (const);
N — noieiinoue caeacia, ia auiieiaiiuo a aa?aioeeiue n?ie.
Iinea ?an/aoa aa?eaioia n aeaoaeueiuie iainiiaaieyie oe?ia
iiaeao eniieueciaaoue o?aaeeoeeiiioth, aa?oeeaeueioth, ai?eciioaeueioth
e iiiaieaiaeueioth nauoiaua ia?eaoeiaiaua nenoaiu, eioi?ua aoaeoo
auiieiyoue ?aciiia?aciua ooieoeee: ?ani?aaeaeaiea e nauo, caeoieo nu?uey
e iaoa?eaeia, ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey, onoaiiaeaiea eiioaeoia n
iio?aaeoaeyie e o.ae.
Oaeie oe?ieee niaeo? ooieoeee iaania/eaaao yooaeoeaiue nauo, oi
anoue auno?ioo aeiaaaeaiey oiaa?a aei iio?aaeoaey n ieieiaeueiuie ii
aiciiaeiinoe ecaea?aeeaie ia aaeeieoeo i?iaeoeoeee, /ai i?e i?yiii
iaoiaea nauoa (i?yiii ia?eaoeiaa).
2.2 Ninoaaeythuea ieaia nauoa. Eiee/anoaaiiua e noieiinoiua
iieacaoaee.
Ieai nauoa ninoieo ec neaaeothueo ?acaeaeia:
a) eaiaeu ?ani?ino?aiaiey oiaa?ia;
a) i?aaiecaoeey nauoa;
a) iaoiaeu nauoa;
a) oi?aiaay aaaioo?a: ?acia?u, noaiaiue eiiiaoaioeee, iioeaaoeee;
ae) iaaeaaeiinoue iinoaaie;
a) caianu oiaa?ia: iauai, ianoi ?aniieiaeaiey, iai?io;
ae) oi?aiaua ecaea?aeee: iauai, oaiaeaioeee.
Eiioeaioeey nauoa – yoi iiene oaeeo oa?aeoa?enoee i?iaeoeoeee,
e-?ua oe?ia a ninoiyiee iaania/eaaoue.
Ia?eaoeia – yoi eiiieaeniay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey n i?iecaiaenoaii
e nauoii i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia ?uiie, iieoiaoaeae.
Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ieaia- ia?eaoeiaa:
— noaiu ?ani?ino?aiaiey oiaa?ia;
— oeaiiia?aciaaiea;
— ?aeeaia;
— iaoiaeu noeioee?iaaiey i?iaeaae;
— i?aaiecaoeey iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey;
— oi?ie?iaaiea iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey i oe?ia e oiaa?ao.
2.3 Enoiaeiua aeaiiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ieaia.
A iniiaa ieaie?iaaiey nauoa e i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee eaaeeo
ia?eaoeiaiaay i?ia?aiia ?acaeoey oe?iu.
Ia?eaoeiaiaay i?ia?aiia ninoaaeyaony iinea caaa?oaiey
na?ueaciiai iao/ii- i?aeoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey: aiaeeca ia?eaoeiaiaie
n?aaeu, eiiieaeniiai enneaaeiaaiey o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaeae e oiaa?o,
eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea, aai aieinoe e ?uii/iiai ni?ina, nenoaiu
oeaiiia?aciaaiey, o?iaiy e aeeiaieee oeai, anao aeaenoaee eiieo?aioia,
oi?i e iaoiaeia nauoa, iniaaiiinoae iiaaaeaiey iieoiaoaeae, ioeaiee
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-?ano?niuo e nauoiauo aiciiaeiinoae, a oaeaea oeiainiauo
i?iaeai. A yoie nayce i?ia?aiia ia?eaoeiaa aeeth/aao a naay ?acaeaeu:
— i?aaiaoea;
— no?aoaaey ?acaeoey oeaeaaiai ?uiea ( nai? e i?iaiic);
— neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu ?aaiou Aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey (auyaeaiea
i?iaeai e o?oaeiinoae);
— oeaee e caaea/e;
— ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey;
— oiaa?iay no?aoaaey;
— no?aoaaey oi?ie?iaaiey ?acaeoey eaiaeia nauoa;
— oeaiiaay no?aoaaey;
— no?aoaaey oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiey nauoa;
— athaeaeao ?aaeecaoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiu, ioeaiea aa
yooaeoeaiinoe e eiio?ieue ca eniieiaieai.
?yae ia?eaoeiaiauo i?ia?aii i?aaeoniao?eaaao iiaeaioiaeo e
iiauoaiea eaaeeoeeaoeee oi?aaeai/aneiai e ?aai/aai ia?niiaea.
Eiaiii ia?eaoeiaiaay i?ia?aiia, aa eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay
ioaaouaaao iiiaeanoai oaeoi?ia i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa, i?aaeii?aaeaeyao
noaiaiue aa?iyoiinoe i?eaueueiinoe anao iia?aoeee, yaeyaony aacie aeey
?ac?aaioee AI.
3 Ieaie?iaaiea iio?aaiinoae a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nao.
Ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea aeey oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oe?iu eiatho
?ano?nu (o?oaeiaua, iaoa?eaeueiua, oeiainiaua).
?ano?nu – yoi niaieoiiinoue o?oaeiauo, iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeo
e oeiainiauo n?aaenoa, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ecaioiaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee e ?acee/iiai ?iaea oneoa.
?uiie o?oaea – yoi aeeiaie/aneay nenoaia, a e-?ie
acaeiiaeaenoaotho noauaeou nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa o?oaea e ?aai/ay
neea, oi?ie?oaony iauai, no?oeoo?a e niioiioaiea ?aai/eo iano, ni?in ia
?aaioieeia e ?aaioa ii iaeio.
Iniiaiuie yeaiaioaie ?uiea o?oaea yaeyaony ni?in e
i?aaeeiaeaiea, noieiinoue e oeaia ?aai/ae neeu, eiieo?aioeey.
Ni?in i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iauai e no?oeoo?o iauanoaaiiie iio?aaiinoe a
?aai/ae neea, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo ia ?uiea o?oaea e iaania/aiiuo oiiaeii
iieaou o?oaea. I?aaeeiaeaiea oa?aeoa?ecoaony /eneaiiinoueth e ninoaaii
ethaeae, niiniaiuo e o?oaeo e caeioa?aniaaiiuo a iieo/aiee ?aaiou ia
oneiaeyo iaeia.
3.1 Ieaie?iaaiea iio?aaiinoae a o?oaeiauo ?ano?nao e caiyoinoe
?aaioieeia.
Ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea aeey oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
eaaeaeie oe?iu eiatho ?ano?nu — o?oaeiaua, iaoa?eaeueiua e oeiainiaua.
?ano?nu — yoi niaieoiiinoue o?oaeiauo, iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeo
e oeiainiauo n?aaenoa, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ecaioiaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee e ?acee/iiai aeaea oneoa. I?e anai eo ?aciiia?acee,
iaoo?aeueii-aauanoaaiiie cia/eiinoue e ooieoeeiiaeueiiio iacia/aieth
?ano?nu auiieiytho aeaaioth ooieoeeth — iaania/aiea i?iecaiaenoaa aeey
aeinoeaeaiey ?acoeueoaoia — auionea eiieo?aioiniiniaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Iaeiei ec oaeoi?ia eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?iecaiaeeiie
i?iaeoeoeee yaeyaony yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea anao aeaeia ?ano?nia.
Iaeaieaa nioeeaeueii cia/eiuie e yeiiiie/anee iiaeeueiuie a
oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee yaeythony o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu.
?uiie o?oaea — yoi aeeiaie/aneay nenoaia, a eioi?ie
acaeiiaeaenoaotho noauaeou nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa o?oaea e ?aai/oth
neeo, oi?ie?oaony iauai, no?oeoo?a e niioiioaiea ?aai/eo iano e ?aai/ae
neeu, ni?in ia ?aaioieeia e ?aaioo ii iaeio. Iniiaiuie yeaiaioaie ?uiea
o?oaea yaeythony ni?in e i?aaeeiaeaiea, noieiinoue e oeaia ?aai/ae neeu,
eiieo?aioeey. Ni?in i?aaenoaaeyao niaie no?oeoo?o e iauai iauanoaaiiuo
iio?aaiinoae a ?aai/ae neea, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo ia ?uiea o?oaea e
iaania/aiiuo oiiaeii iieaou o?oaea eaeeciaiiuo n?aaenoa. I?aaeeiaeaiea
oa?aeoa?ecoaony /eneaiiinoueth e ninoaaii ethaeae ( ii iieo, aic?anoo ,
ia?aciaaieth, i?ioanneyi e ae?oaei iaiaoiaeeiui oa?aeoa?enoeeai),
niiniaiuo e o?oaeo e caeioa?aniaaiiuo a iieo/aiee ?aaiou ia oneiaeyo
iaeia.
A niioaaonoaee n iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie ii?iaie caiyoinoue — yoi
aeayoaeueiinoue o?oaeiniiniaiuo a?aaeaeai, naycaiiay n oaeiaeaoai?aieai
ee/iuo e iauanoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae, ia i?ioeai?a/auay caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao
e i?eiinyuay, eae i?aaeei, ca?aaioie.
?acaeoea ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee e aeaeueiaeoea no?oeoo?iua eciaiaiey
a yeiiiieea i?eaaaeoo e iaaeio?aneaaiio ia?aeeao ?aai/ae neeu, e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?ac?aaioee yooaeoeaiiai iaoaiecia ?aaoee?iaaiey yoiai
i?ioeanna.
?acaeoea aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe i?eaiaeeo e ia?aeeao
?aai/ae neeu ec ainoaea?noaaiiiai naeoi?a a ae?oaea naeoi?a yeiiiieee.
Nouanoaotho cia/eoaeueiua enoi?e/anee e nioeeaeueii iaoneiaeaiiua
?acee/ey a no?oeoo?ao caiyoinoe ianaeaiey, /oi iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue
i?e ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey caiyoinoe.
Iaiouaieaiie /a?oie iaoae aeecie noaea aac?aaioeoea a aa
ioeoeeaeueii i?eciaiiie oi?ia. A niioaaonoaee n iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie
i?aaiauie ii?iaie ?acee/atho iieioth e /anoe/ioth aac?aaioeoeo. I?e
/anoe/iie (ne?uoie) aac?aaioeoea nieaeaaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou
e ca?aaioie, ii o?oaeiaua ioiioaiey e noaae nio?aiythony.
Onoaiiaeaiiua Caeiiii ?acia?u e n?iee auieaou iiniaee ii
aac?aaioeoea niioaaonoaotho ieieiaeueiui e?eoa?eyi, onoaiiaeaiiui IIO.
Ii iie ionoatho io niioaaonoaothueo iieacaoaeae i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo
no?ai, aeey aeinoeaeaiey eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, eioi?ia e iicaieeo oaaee/eoue n?aaenoaa ia
nioeeaeueiua auieaou ianaeaieth.
Iaiaoiaeeia aeoeaiay iieeoeea oi?ie?iaaiey ?aoeeiiaeueiie
i?ioanneiiaeueii – eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u caiyoinoe,
niioaaonoaothuae nia?aiaiiiio o?iaith ?acaeoey iauanoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, nioeeaeueiui iio?aaiinoyi ?aaioathueo e iauanoaa a
oeaeii. A /enea yoeo ia? oaoie/aneea, i?aaiecaoeeiiiua, yeiiiie/aneea e
aaeieieno?aoeaiua ia?ii?eyoey, ia?acothuea niaea?aeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie
iieeoeee ?aaoee?iaaiey caiyoinoe ianaeaiey. Iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaiea
?acaaoaeaiiie neoaeau caiyoinoe ianaeaiey, ieacaiea nioeeaeueiie e
i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiiiue aac?aaioiui.
Ana yoi o?aaoao nicaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo? e oi?ie?iaaiey iacaaeneiiai enoi/ieea iinooieaiey n?aaenoa.
Ieaie?iaaiea iio?aaiinoe a o?oaeiauo ?ano?nao ii nouanoao
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?eiaiaiea i?ioeaaeo? ieaie?iaaiey aeey
eiiieaeoaoeee ooaoa e ia?niiaea. I?ioeann ieaie?iaaiey aeeth/aao a naay
o?e yoaia:
— ioeaiea iaee/iuo ?ano?nia;
— ioeaiea aoaeoueo iio?aaiinoae;
— ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiu oaeiaeaoai?aiey aoaeoueo iio?aaiinoae.
Ieaie?iaaiea o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia a i?aaiecaoeee ia/eiaaony n
ioeaiee eo iaee/ey. Iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue, neieueei /aeiaae caiyoi
auiieiaieai eaaeaeie iia?aoeee, o?aaothuaeny aeey ?aaeecaoeee eiie?aoiie
oeaee. Iiieii yoiai, iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieoue e ea/anoai o?oaea ?aaioieeia.
Neaaeothuei yoaiii ieaie?iaaiey yaeyaony i?iaiice?iaaiea
/eneaiiinoe ia?niiaea, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey ?aaeecaoeee e?aoein?i/iuo e
ia?niaeoeaiuo oeaeae. A yoii iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieoue aiaoiee ?uiie o?oaea
e ii?aaeaeeoue eiathueany ia iai o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu. A iiiiuue
i?aaiecaoeeyi a aeaea i?iaiica iio?aaiinoe iio?aaiinoe a o?oaeiauo
?ano?nao iaoea oi?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioaea oeaeue ?yae iiaeaeae.
Ii?aaeaeea naie aoaeouea iio?aaiinoe, ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu
aeieaeii ?ac?aaioaoue i?ia?aiio eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey. Iio?aaiinoe — yoi
oeaeue, i?ia?aiia — n?aaenoai aa aeinoeaeaiey. I?ia?aiia aeieaeia
aeeth/aoue eiie?aoiue a?aoee e ia?ii?eyoey ii i?eaea/aieth, iaeio,
iiaeaioiaea e i?iaeaeaeaieth ?aaioieeia, o?aaothueony aeey ?aaeecaoeee
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.
3.2 Ieaie?iaaiea ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea — iaeei ec ii?aaeaeythueo oaeoi?ia
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe, a neaaeiaaoaeueii oniaoa e i?ioeaaoaiey
i?aaei?eyoey.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ia?yaeo n oaeeie aaaeiaeoeie
ooieoeeyie i?aaei?eyoey, eae ia?eaoeia e eiiiaaoeee ii?aaeaeyao
?acoeueoao aai aeayoaeueiinoe — iieo/aiea i?eauee. A nayce n yoei
iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea a ie?iaie i?aeoeea iieo/atho nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiii- oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia iniiaa ieaie?iaaiey, ecia?aiey, ioeaiee, eiio?iey e
iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. I?ia?aiiu iiauoaiey
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea iiiaiia?aciu: iaeie ec ieo eiioeaio?e?otho
aieiaiea ia oaoie/aneeo aniaeoao i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna; ae?oaea —
ia nioeeaeueiuo ?u/aaao i?ioeanna i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee
(ia?ii?eyoey ii iaiaauaieth o?oaea) ; a o?aoueeo aeaeaaony oii? ia
iaoa?eaeueiia noeioee?iaaiea. Iauei yeaiaioii ai anao yoeo i?ia?aiiao
yaeyaony i?ioeaaeo?a ecia?aiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea — o?iaiy,
aeeiaieee, acaeiinayce n oeiainiauie iieacaoaeyie — eae iaiaoiaeeiia
oneiaea aeey eiio?iey ca ?aaeecaoeeae oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo
aicaeaenoaee.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ai iiiaii caaeneo
io yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, io naaeaine?iaaiiinoe
?acee/iuo noa? aeayoaeueiinoe aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey.
Ethaia i?aaei?eyoea aeeaao ia ?aaee iiauoaiey
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, a ?aaee iiauoaiey i?eauee. Ii a oneiaeyo
eioeyoeee i?eaueue ia yaeyaony iaaeaaeiui i?eaioe?ii onoie/eainoe ?aaiou
a aeieaia?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeaa. Oi?aaeaiea aea ia iniiaa ecia?aiey
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea iicaieyao aiaeece?iaaoue ninoiyiea aeae n
iii?aaeie ia eioeyoeeth. I?eaioaoeey ia ?ino i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea
io?aaeaao niauaiea aeoeaioia n ioeaiee oaeouaai ninoiyiey oe?iu ia
ioeaieo ninoiyiey oe?iu a ia?niaeoeaa, eioi?ia oa?aeoa?ecoaony
oaoiieiae/aneei e i?aaiecaoeeiiiui ninoiyieai oe?iu ii ioiioaieth e
eiieo?aioai, a eiee/anoaaiii au?aaeaaony iieacaoaeai
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe. Ii ia?a oneeaiey eiieo?aioeee ia oieueei iieo/aiea
i?eauee naaiaeiy, ii e aiciiaeiinoue auaeeoue caao?a — oaeay aea
ia?ainoaiaiiay caaea/a.
A caiaaeiii aeaeiaii ie?a i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea
?anniao?eaaaony eae ioiioaiea iaaeaeo i?iaeoeoeeae, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
nenoaiie e cao?aoaie ia i?iecaiaenoai yoie i?iaeoeoeee. A nenoaio
aaiaeyony cao?aou a oi?ia o?oaea (o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu), eaieoaea
(iaoa?eaeueiua e oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, iniiaiua oiiaeu) , yia?aey,
eioi?iaoeey. Yoe ?ano?nu i?aia?acothony a i?iaeoeoeeth.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea — yoi ioiioaiea eiee/anoaa
i?iaeoeoeee, i?iecaaaeaiiie aeaiiie nenoaiie ca aeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie,
e eiee/anoao ?ano?nia, iio?aaeaiiuo aeey nicaeaiey eee i?iecaiaenoaa
yoie i?iaeoeoeee ca oio aea ia?eiae. Yoio iieacaoaeue oa?aeoa?ecoao
oniaoiinoue aeaeaeaiey iaeioi?iai ?acoeueoaoa a niioiioaiee n
cao?a/aiiuie ia yoi niioiioaiea ?ano?naie.
auione oiaa?u e oneoae
IO = =
cao?aou aeeaie o?oae, iniiaiie eaieoae, nu?uea e
iaoa-
?eaeu, iieoiiua oneoae.
I/aaeaeii, /oi /ai aieueoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea, oai
aieueoa aeinoeaaaiue ?acoeueoao i?e caaeaiiuo ?ano?nao. I?e ?an/aoa
auione e cao?aou aeieaeiu auoue au?aaeaiu a iaeioi?uo noaaeeueiuo
oeaiao, /oiau eneeth/eoue aeeyiea iaeioi?uo eiiuthieoo?iuo oaeoi?ia.
Oe?iei eniieuecothony e iieacaoaee /anoiie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe
o?oaea, eioi?ua ?ann/eouaathony oaeei ia?acii, /oi ?acoeueoao
aeayoaeueiinoe ioiineony e iaeiiio aeaeo cao?ao. Iaeiaei a yoii neo/aa
ia neaaeoao n/eoaoue, /oi iieacaoaeue /anoiie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe
o?oaea iieacuaaao yooaeoeaiinoue oieueei iaeiiai oaeoi?a ( iai?eia?,
aeeaiai o?oaea). Oioy a yoii neo/aa auione niioiineony n /eneii caiyouo
eee n /eneii io?aaioaiiuo /ania, iieacaoaeue /anoiie
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia ecia?yao oieueei niaoeeoe/aneee aeeaae
o?oaea. Nei?aa ii io?aaeaao yooaeo anae niaieoiiinoe acaeiinaycaiiuo
aicaeaenoaee, oaeeo , eae eciaiaiey a oaoiieiaee, eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey ia
iaeiiai ?aai/aai, o?iaaiue auionea, ooeeecaoeey iiuiinoae, a oaeaea
iaauee e oneeey ?aai/eo. Iiyoiio /aua eniieuecotho iiiaioaeoi?iua
iieacaoaee i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
Iiauoaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea — ?acoeueoao oi?aaeaiey e
aiaoaoaeuenoaa a eeth/aaua i?ioeannu i?aia?aciaaiey eee o?oaea.
Iiauoaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?iecieaeao i?e
niaethaeaiee neaaeothueo oneiaee:
— i?iaeoeoeey aic?anoaao, cao?aou oiaiueoathony ;
— inoathony iaeciaiiuie;
— aic?anoatho, ii aieaa ieceeie oaiiaie, /ai i?iaeoeoeey;
— i?iaeoeoeey inoaaony iaeciaiiie, cao?aou nie?auathony;
— i?iaeoeoeey nie?auaaony, cao?aou nie?auathony, ii aieaa auno?uie
oaiiaie.
Nenoaia ecia?aiey aeieaeia iiaeneacuaaoue ?oeiaiaenoao, eiaaea
nouanoaoao iaiaoiaeeiinoue a ieaie?iaaiee IO e ia eaeii o/anoea
inouanoaeoue ia?ii?eyoey ii iiauoaieth IO. Nenoaia ecia?aiey IO aeieaeia
iaania/eoue iniiao aeey ii?aaeaeaiey i?ei?eoaoia eee oeacaoue ia
ioiineoaeueioth cia/eiinoue ?acee/iuo ?acoeueoaoia ecia?aiey IO.
Ieaie?iaaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea naycaii n aii?inaie
oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii i?iaeoeoeee, i?ioeannii ioeaiee yeiiiie/iinoe (
o.a. ecia?aieai o?oaeicao?ao e ?ac?aaioeie niao) , aooaaeoa?neei o/aoii
e oeiainiaui eiio?ieai e eaae?iaie neoaeaie (aaaeathuae aii?inaie
ea/anoaa o?oaeiaie aeecie).
3.3 Ieaie?iaaiea iieaou o?oaea
Aeey oiai, /oiau aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee auea
aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiie, ?oeiaiaeeoaeue aeieaeai eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue
eii?aeeie?iaaoue oneeey iiiaeo ethaeae e niiaua ?aaeeciauaaoue
iioaioeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe ?aaioieeia. Yoi aeinoeaeeii oieueei a
neo/aa ni?aaaaeeeaiai e iei ioiioaiey. Iaeiie ec ninoaaiuo /anoae oaeiai
ioiioaiey yaeyaony ni?aaaaeeeaia aeaiaaeiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea, aaaeiaeoei
e ?aoathuei yeaiaioii eioi?iai yaeyaony ca?aaioiay ieaoa.
Nenoaia aeaiaaeiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey aeieaeia ioaa/aoue
neaaeothuei o?aaiaaieyi:
a) Nicaeaaaoue o ?aaioieeia /oanoai oaa?aiiinoe e caueuaiiinoe.
Eo ia aeieaeiu ioaeaeaoue ianouiua aeaiaaeiua i?iaeaiu. Yoo caaea/o
?aoaao aa?aioe?iaaiiay /anoue ca?aaioiie ieaou.
a) Aeeth/aoue aeaenoaaiiua oaeoi?u noeioee?iaaiey e iioeaaoeee,
i?aaeoniao?eaaoue iiauoaiea aeioiaea nio?oaeieea i?e aeinoeaeaiee ei
oi?ioeo ?acoeueoaoia a ?aaioa. Eiiiaiey aeieaeia ioaeaaaoue
i?aaeii/oaiea oai ?aaioieeai, eioi?ua aeaeatho iieo/eoue ia/oi aieueoaa,
/ai i?inoi oeene?iaaiioth ca?ieaoo e aiciauaiea ?anoiaeia, eioi?ua
no?aiyony iiauneoue naie aeioiae, eiaaea i?aaeinoaaeyaony oaeay
aiciiaeiinoue.
a) I?aaeoniao?eaaoue nenoaio iaa?aae e aiciaa?aaeaeaiee, eioi?ua
yaeythony naeaeaoaeuenoaaie i?eciaiey eiiiaieae iniai ea/anoaaiiie
?aaiou nio?oaeieea eee aeinoeaeaiey ei iniai aaaeiuo ?acoeueoaoia.
?ac?aaioea no?oeoo?u ca?ieaou yaeyaony iaycaiiinoueth ioaeaeia
eaae?ia, ieaiiauo ioaeaeia eee neoaea o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia. No?oeoo?a
ca?ieaou a i?aaiecaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony n iiiiuueth aiaeeca ianeaaeiaaiey
o?iaiy ca?ieaou, oneiaee ia ?uiea o?oaea, a oaeaea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe
e i?eaueueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
Aieaa iieiaeiu anaai aeioiaea nio?oaeieeia i?eoiaeeony ia
aa?aioe?iaaiioth eee iniiaioth ca?ieaoo. ?acia? aa caaeneo io ?yaea
oaeoi?ia: caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe, noaaea ?aaiou ia i?aaei?eyoee,
ea/anoaa anae ?aaiou nio?oaeieea.
Iiieii ca?ieaou ieaie?othony aeiiieieoaeueiua eueaiou, e yoe
aeiieaou ninoaaeytho cia/eoaeueioth /anoue iaeaoa aiciaa?aaeaeaiee,
auiea/eaaaiuo i?aaiecaoeeae. Aini?eieiaaiay oeaiiinoue aeiiieieoaeueiuo
eueaio caaeneo io oaeeo oaeoi?ia, eae aic?ano, naiaeiia iieiaeaiea,
ninoaa naiuee e o.ae. Iaeioi?ua ca?oaaaeiua oe?iu ?ac?aaioaee nenoaio,
eioi?oth eiiaaea iacuaatho “nenoaiie aiciaa?aaeaeaiey ii i?eioeeio
eaoaoa?ey”, eiaaea ?aaioieeo ?ac?aoaaony naiiio aua?aoue a onoaiiaeaiiuo
i?aaeaeao oio iaeao eueaio, eioi?ue iaeaieaa aai ono?aeaaao. I?e yaiuo
aeinoieinoaao yoa nenoaia eiaao neaaeothuea iaaeinoaoee: iauay
noieiinoue i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo eueaio i?e yoii iiauoaaony, oae eae aea/ao
ca niaie aeiiieieoaeueiua iaeeaaeiua ?anoiaeu, a oaeaea iioiio, /oi
iaeioi?ua eueaiou, iai?eia? no?aoiaaiea ia?niiaea, iaoiaeyony aeaoaaea,
anee eo i?eia?aoatho a aieueoeo iauaiao. Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeia ?aaioa ii
i?inaauaieth ?aaioieeia a aii?inao auai?a e iioaioeeaeueiiai cia/aiey
yoeo eueaio. Ii, ianiiiaiii, aieueoeinoai ?aaioieeia i?eaaonoaotho
aeaeea i?ia?aiiu i?aaeinoaaeaiey eueaio.
Ioaeaeueii ?ac?aaaouaaaony nenoaia aiciaa?aaeaeaiee ii
iiiu?aieth ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neie ?aaiou ia anao o?iaiyo neoaeaaiie
ea?a?oee. Yoi nicaeaao o ?aaioieeia /oanoai caeioa?aniaaiiinoe e
oaa?aiiinoe a oii, /oi e eo ?aaioa ioianoony n aieiaieai e oaaaeaieai.
Iai?eia?, anee ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neia i?aaeeiaeaiea i?eieiaaony, aai aaoi?
iieo/aao 25% io iauae noiiu yeiiiiee a oa/aiea aeaoo eao iinea aai
aiaae?aiey.
?aaoee?iaaiea iieaou o?oaea ia ca?oaaaeiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo
ia/eiaaony n ?anniio?aiey i?iaeoa ieaia aoaeouaai oeiainiaiai aiaea
Eaaeiaoii ieieno?ia eee aiaeiae/iuie eniieieoaeueiuie no?oeoo?aie. Yoi a
naith i/a?aaeue i?aaeiieaaaao ioeaieo aiciiaeiuo iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. Iaoaieci, aeaenoaothuee ai anai ie?a,
i?aeoe/anee aaeei — ?ino n?aaeiae ca?ieaou onoaiaaeeaaaony a ia?o
?inoa yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. ?ino n?aaeiae ca?ieaou ia aeieaeai
iia?aaeaoue ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe.
Oieaa?naeueiui ?aaoeyoi?ii, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai aiciiaeii
iauaeoeaii ecia?youe, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aiciauaoue iauanoaaiii
iaiaoiaeeiua cao?aou o?oaea, yaeyaony oa?eoiay nenoaia. Iia i?ecaaia
iaania/eoue iioeiaeueiia ni/aoaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo nioeeaeueiuo
aa?aioee n oe?ieeie i?aaaie i?aaei?eyoee a aii?inao iieaou o?oaea. A
?uii/iuo yeiiiieeao aeaenoaotho aeanoeea nenoaiu oa?eoia. A iaeieo
no?aiao, eae, iai?eia?, Aa?iaiey, ?ac?yaeu e ieeaaeu onoaiaaeeaathony
io?aneaaui oa?eoiui niaeaoaieai, a ae?oaeo, iai?eia?, NOA e ssiiiey —
ia o?iaia i?aaei?eyoee. Oa?eoiay nenoaia ia iiaeao ia nouanoaiaaoue —
aaaeue iia yaeyaony aieueoei noeioeii e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiiio o?oaeo. Anee
iao iieaou ca aunieoth eaaeeoeeaoeeth, i?iiaaeaao no?aieaiea aa
iiauoaoue. Iaeiaei o?iaaiue oa?eoia e nenoaia eo ooaa?aeaeaiey aeieaeiu
i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia eciaiaiey a yeiiiieea.
3.4 Iaoiaeu ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao.
Iio?aaiinoe i?aaei?eyoee a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao iiaoo auoue
ii?aaeaeaiu ?acee/iuie iaoiaeaie: i?yiiai n/aoa, ia iniiaa aeaiiuo i
?aoeaioo?iii ninoaaa aioiaie eee i?iiaaeooi/iie i?iaeoeoeee; ia iniiaa
ii?iaoeaiuo n?ieia eciina; ia iniiaa oi?ioe oeie/aneeo ?aaeoeee;
noaoenoe/aneei iaoiaeii ( i?e i?iaiice?iaaiee iio?aaiinoae).
Iaeaieaa oi/iui yaeyaony iaoiae i?yiiai n/aoa. A yoii neo/aa
iio?aaiinoue a iaoa?eaeao Iie ii?aaeaeyaony iooai oiiiaeaiey
caieaie?iaaiiiai iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa Nie a o/aoiuo aaeeieoeao
ecia?aiey ia oaeaeueioth ii?io ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea Ii a iaoo?aeueiuo
aaeeieoeao ecia?aiey, o.a. ii oi?ioea:
Iau/ii iaeei e oio aea iaoa?eae i?eiaiyaony aeey ecaioiaeaiey
ianeieueeeo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, e iauay iio?aaiinoue a iai
?ann/eouaaaony eae noiia i?iecaaaeaiee:
aaea n- eiee/anoai ecaeaeee, aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, ia ecaioiaeaiea eioi?uo
?anoiaeoaony aeaiiue iaoa?eae.
Iaoiae i?yiiai n/aoa eiaao ianeieueei ?aciiaeaeiinoae:
iiaeaoaeueiue, ii aiaeiaee, ii oeiiaui i?aaenoaaeoaeyi.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui yaeyaony i?yiie iiaeaoaeueiue iaoiae.
Iauay iio?aaiinoue a iaoa?eaeao ii?aaeaeyaony iooai noiie?iaaiey
i?iecaaaeaiee iiaeaoaeueiuo ii?i aai ?anoiaea ia caieaie?iaaiiue iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa ioaeaeueiuo aeaoaeae, o.a. ii oi?ioea
aaea Iae— ii?ia ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea ia iaeio aeaoaeue;
Nae— aiaeiaie ieaiiaue iauai i?iecaiaenoaa aeaoaeae;
n — eiee/anoai aeaoaeae, aeey ecaioiaeaiey eioi?uo iaiaoiaeei aeaiiue
iaoa?eae.
Iaoiae ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeao ii aiaeiaee i?eiaiyaony
i?e ieaie?iaaiee ecaioiaeaiey iiauo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, ia eioi?ua aua
ia onoaiiaeaiu ii?iu ?anoiaea.
N iiiiuueth iii?aai/iiai eiyooeoeeaioa, o/eouaathuaai iniaaiiinoe
aeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee Ei , ii?ia ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea iiaeao auoue
nei??aeoe?iaaia. ?an/ao iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaea a yoii neo/aa iiaeao
auoue auiieiai ii oi?ioea
Iie = Nai * Iai* Ei ,
aaea Nai e Iai — niioaaonoaaiii, caieaie?iaaiiue iauai i?iecaiaenoaa
i?iaeoeoeee-aiaeiaa e ii?ia ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia ia aaciaia, aiaeiae/iia
ecaeaeea.
Iaoiae ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeaiioeiiaui i?aaenoaaeoaeyi
i?eiaiyaony i?e oe?ieii ?aciiia?acee caieaie?iaaiiuo ecaeaeee e
ionoonoaee oi/iie e /aoeie i?ia?aiiu ii ecaioiaeaieth eaaeaeie ec ieo.
Ii?ia ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea ia aaiecaioiaeaiea Noei ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia
anth i?iaeoeoeeth Niau.
?an/ao iio?aaiinoe a iaeioi?uo iaoa?eaeao enoiaey ec aeaiiuo i
?aoeaioo?iii ninoaaa aeiaieueii oe?iei i?eiaiyaony a iniiaiii
i?iecaiaenoaa. Oae, iio?aaiinoue a eeaa niioaaonoaothuae ?aoeaioo?u aeey
ecaioiaeaiey ia?aieaoiuo e?uoae ?ann/eouaaaony iooai oiiiaeaiey aiaeiaie
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu a oun. e?uoae ia ii?io aai ?anoiaea a
a?aiiao ia 1000 e?uoae. Ii?aaeaeea oaeei ia?acii aiaeiaoth iio?aaiinoue
a eeaa a oiiiao ia i?iecaiaenoaaiioth i?ia?aiio e ciay ?aoeaioo?o eeay
iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue aiaeiaoth iio?aaiinoue a eaaeaeii eiiiiiaioa ia
ieaie?oaiue ia?eiae.
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee iio?aaiinoe a iaeioi?uo aniiiiaaoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeao, ia eioi?ua ia onoaiiaeaiu ii?iu eee iia iacia/eoaeueia,
iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny io/aoiuie aeaiiuie i oaeoe/aneii eo ?anoiaea Io
a i?aaeoanoaothuai ia?eiaea. I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue eiyooeoeeaio
eciaiaiey i?ia?aiiu a ieaie?oaiii ia?eiaea Ei?, aiciiaeioth yeiiiieth
iaoa?eaeia a ?acoeueoaoa caieaie?iaaiiuo oaoie/aneeo e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee Eye:
Iie = Io * Ei? * Eye
Oaeie iaoiae oe?iei i?eiaiyaony a i?iiuoeaiiinoe e iacuaaaony
iaoiaeii aeeiaie/aneeo eiyooeoeeaioia.
Aieaa oi/iui e i?ia?anneaiui yaeyaony iaoiae yeno?aiieyoeee
noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo i oaeoe/aneii ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia ca ianeieueei
i?ioaaeoeo ia?eiaeia. A ?acoeueoaoa aiaeeca onoaiaaeeaathony iniiaiua
oaiaeaioeee a ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia, eioi?ua i?e niaethaeaiee
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaee yeno?aiiee?othony ia aoaeouaa.
I?iaiice?oaioth iio?aaiinoue a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue n iiiiuueth iiaeaee iiiaioaeoi?iiai aiaeeca. N yoie
oeaeueth ioae?athony oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia noaiaiue iio?aaiinoe a
iaoa?eaeao ia ia?niaeoeao Y iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue
a aeaea o?aaiaiey
Y = F ( x1, x2 . . . xn ).
3.5 I?aaiecaoeey caeoiie e iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia a oneiaeyo ?uiea.
Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia.
Ia i?aaei?eyoee ?ac?aaaouaaaony i?ia?aiia iaoa?eaeueiiai
iaania/aiey, o.a. iaania/aiey iaoa?eaeueiuie ?ano?naie — nu?ueai,
caianiuie /anoyie, iaoa?eaeaie e eiiieaeoothueie aeaoaeyie e o.ae. —
aeey iaania/aiey aania?aaieiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna e auionea
aunieiea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Yoa i?ia?aiia aeeth/aao a naay
neaaeothuea aniaeou:
i?iaiice?iaaiea ni?ina (aeeth/ay naciiiua anieanee) ;
?acia?u neeaaeneeo caiania e ?aca?aia
?acia?u caeoiaaiuo ia?oee iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia ;
iiuiinoue oe?iu ii ?ano?nai.
?an/ao iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea
aeey i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeei ec iaoiaeia ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeao
iienuaaaony neaaeothuae oi?ioeie:
200 A O
Caeoiee = ,
P I
aaea A — aiaeiaia iio?aaeaiea (eiee/anoai aaeeieoe);
O — noieiinoue ioi?ieaiey caeacia;
? — caeoii/iay oeaia iaeiie aaeeieoeu;
I — ?anoiaeu ia o?aiaiea (a % io noieiinoe caiania a
aiae).
I?e iaeaaeaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa auaiaeiaa aeaeaoue aiaeiaua
caeoiee. Iiyoiio i?iiuoeaiiua oe?iu onoaiaaeeaatho iaycaoaeueiue
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue eniieuecoaiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia.
1. Eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony iooai au?aaioee noaiaea?oia
ieieiaeueii aeiionoeiuo o?iaiae ea/anoaa e i?iaaaeaiey oece/aneeo
i?iaa?ie niioaaonoaey iinooiathueo iaoa?eaeia yoei o?aaiaaieyi.
2. Iaeei ec niiniaia eiio?iey a yoie iaeanoe ninoieo a auai?a
oaeiai iinoaaueea, eioi?ue oaaaeeoaeueii aeieacae naie aiciiaeiinoe
iinoaaeyoue iaoa?eaeu, niioaaonoaothuea oaoie/aneei oneiaeyi.
3. E iaoiaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia
ioiineony oaeaea iaania/aiea eo caiania a oe?ia ia o?iaia, aeinoaoi/iii
aeey oiai, /oiau ecaaaeaoue aeaoeoeeoa.
I?e caeoieaiaiaaeaea? aeieaeai o/eouaaoue neaaeothuea aii?inu:
— aianoa n yenia?oaie ii?aaeaeeoue iio?aaiinoue a caeoieao e eo
ea/anoai;
— aua?aoue niioaaonoaothuoth oi?aiaoth oe?io eee i?aaei?eyoea –
iinoaaueea;
— i?iaanoe eniuoaiea caeoiaaiiai oiaa?a.
Iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu aeieaeiu auoue caeoieaiu a iacia/aiiia
a?aiy. A nayce n yoei ninoaaeyaony aeiaiai? i ii?yaeea aeinoaaee caeoiie
e ninoaaeyaony aeiaiai? i ii?yaeea aeinoaaee caeoiie e ninoaaeythony
niioaaonoaothuea aeieoiaiou.
Ia eaaeaeii i?aaei?eyoee aeieaeai i?iaiaeeoueny aiaeec
yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii
aeey oiai, /oiau eae iiaeii yooaeoeaiaa eniieueciaaoue eiathueeny
eaieoae e ia aeiionoeoue iaeiieaiey ?ano?nia, ia i?eiinyueo i?eauee.
Aeey ?an/aoia /anoi i?eiaiythony iauaecaanoiua iaoiaeeee eaeueeoeyoeee.
Iiaeii i?eaanoe ?yae oi?ioe ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia:
Eiee/anoai aaeeieoe, aeinooiiuo a
ethaia
Aeinooiiinoue a?aiy
?ano?nia =
Iauaa eiee/anoai
iio?aaeyaiuo aaeeieoe
Ioeaiea aiaeiaiai ?anoiaea
Iai?io =
?ano?nia Iauay ioeaiea ?ano?nia
Ioeaiea aiaeiaiai iai?ioa Aiaeiaay ?aaeecaoeey
?ano?nia aeey i?aaei?eyoey=
Iauay ioeaiea
anao ?ano?nia
3.6 ?acia?u neeaaeneeo caiania e ?aca?aia (oi?aaeaiea caianaie)
Ai anao oiaa?ii?iecaiaeyueo iia?aoeeiiiuo nenoaiao eiathony
ii?aaeaeaiiua caianu. Oeaeue nicaeaiey caiania — ia?aciaaiea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai aooa?a iaaeaeo iineaaeiaaoaeueiuie iinoaaeaie iaoa?eaeia
e eneeth/aiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe iai?a?uaiuo iinoaaie.
Iiaeaeue oi?aaeaiey caianaie eniieuecoaony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey
a?aiaie ?aciauaiey caeacia ia ?ano?nu e eo eiee/anoaa. Ethaay
i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iaeioi?ue o?iaaiue caiania ai
ecaaaeaiea caaea?aeae ia i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea eiaoue aeueoa?iaoeaiuo
iinoaaueeia.
Iiaeaea?aeaiea aunieiai o?iaiy caiania ecaaaeyao io iioa?ue,
iaoneaaeeaaaiuo eo iaoaaoeie. Caeoiea a aieueoeo eiee/anoaao iaoa?eaeia,
iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey nicaeaiey caiania, ai iiiaeo neo/ayo naiaeeo e
ieieioio ecaea?aeee ia ?aciauaiea caeacia, iineieueeo oe?ia iiaeao
iieo/eoue niioaaonoaothuea neeaeee e nieceoue iauai “aoiaaeiie ?aaiou”.
A /anoiinoe, iaee/ea caiania iicaieyao caeoieoue iaoa?eaeu
yeiiiie/anee auaiaeiuie ia?oeyie aeaaea a oneiaeyo aeinoaoi/ii
iinoiyiiiai ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth i?aaei?eyoey.
Ii?aaeaeaiiia aieiaiea aeieaeii auoue nin?aaeioi/aii ia aaee/eia
iaoa?eaeia, iinooiathueo a caianu. ?anoiaeiaaiea iaoa?eaeia ec caiana
iau/ii ii?aaeaeyaony ni?inii eee nei?inoueth eo eniieueciaaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeii i?eieiaoue aeaa ?aoaiey: ?aoaiea i a?aiaie auaea/e caeaca ia
caeoieo iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia e ?aoaiea i eiee/anoaa eee iauaia yoiai
caeaca.
Nouanoaoao ni?in ia iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu, iaoiaeyueany a
caiana. Yoio ni?in iacuaaaony caaeneiui ni?inii, iineieueeo aai
eniieueciaaiea naycaii i?yii n ieaiii i?iecaiaenoaa.
Nenoaia oi?aaeaiey caianaie n caaeneiui ni?inii iacuaaaony
ieaie?iaaieai iaoa?eaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae. I?e
ieaie?iaaiee iio?aaiinoe a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nao, iai?aaeyaiuo a
caianu, o/eouaaaony:
— noiia?iay iio?aaiinoue, ?ann/eouaaaiay ia iniiaa ieaia
i?iecaiaenoaa e niaoeeoeeaoeee iaoa?eaeia;
— /enoay iio?aaiinoue, ii?aaeaeyaiay iooai au/eoaiey ec
noiia?iie iio?aaiinoe eiee/anoaa, eiathuaainy a iaee/ee, e
caeacaiiiai eiee/anoaa ni n?ieii iinoaaee, ioaa/athuei ieaio
i?iecaiaenoaa;
— n o/aoii n?iea ?aaeecaoeee caeacia ieaie?oaony a?aiy ?aciauaiey
caeaca oae, /oiau oaeiaeaoai?eoue /enooth iio?aaiinoue e ieaie?oaiie
aeaoa ia/aea i?iecaiaenoaa.
Noieiinoue caiania ia aiae ioeaieaaaony a 15 – 40 % io noieiinoe
anao ?ano?nia oe?iu, aeeth/ay caeaiey, iai?oaeiaaiea,
ioi?ieoaeueneea ?aaiou e iaecaaaeiua iioa?e. Yoa noieiinoue
iiae?acaeaeyaony ia aeaa a?oiiu:
1. Iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu. Yoa noieiinoue oaaee/eaaaony
Ianoa o?aiaiey. n oaaee/aieai caiania.
Iioa?e.
2. Aeinoaaea e ?aciauaiea Yoa noieiinoue oiaiueoaaony
caeoiee. n oaaee/aieai
caiania.
Noieiinoue ioeai/iuo
caeoiie.
I?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii, eiiaeie?oy yoe aeaa oi?iu caiania,
?anoiaeiaaoue eae iiaeii iaiueoa aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa.
Ia auai? oi?iu caiania, i?eiaiyaiie ia i?aaei?eyoee, aeeytho
aeaa aii?ina:
1. Anoue ee aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aoue iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu ii ia?aiio
o?aaiaaieth?
2. Eaeiai niioiioaiea ioeaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo caiania e eo
?anoiaeai?
A aeaeiaii ie?a nouanoaotho aeaa nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaii — eeanne/aneay e yiiineay. I?e oi?aaeaiee caianaie ana
aieiaiea oaeaeyaony iaieioee?iaaieth ?ano?naie n oeaeueth aeiaeoueny
oaeiai ninoiyiey, eiaaea au iie, aoaeo/e iouaiiuie a i?iecaiaenoai,
i?eiineee iaeneiaeueioth i?eaueue.
Neeiiiinoue e oaeie i?aeoeea oi?aaeaiey iauyniyaony oai, /oi Aa?iia,
Naaa?iay Aia?eea e Eaiaaea, aaea ca?iaeeeanue yoa nenoaia aua a ia?eiae
ia?aiia/aeueiiai iaeiieaiey eaieoaea, iaeaaeaee aieueoeie caianaie
yia?aee e iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia. ssiiiey auea eeoaia oaeie aeaaiaeaoe,
iiyoiio yiiineee aecian ia iia neaaeiaaoue eaiiiai eeanne/aneie oeieu
oi?aaeaiey.
Iaoiaeu ia?aie/aiey caiania ca?iaeeeenue eiaiii a ssiiiee. Yoi
aeeeoiaaeinue ioiineoaeueii aunieie noieiinoueth eaieoaea e ieiuaaeae
ssiiiee, /oi iiaoaeeei yiiineea oe?iu naiaeeoue iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu,
?anoiaeyueany a caianao e aaniethoiiio ieieioio. Yoi eiioeaioeey
i?iecaiaenoaa ii i?eioeeio “ oi/ii aia?aiy”. Nenoaia “oi/ii aia?aiy”
i?aaeoniao?eaaao i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee ia ii iaaeaeyi e aeiyi, a ii
/anai e aeaaea ieiooai. Nenoaia i?eaioe?iaaia ia oi, /oiau i?iecaiaeeoue
e ioi?aaeyoue iaoa?eaeu eee iieooaa?eeaou ia iineaaeothuea iia?aoeee a
oio naiue iiiaio, eiaaea a ieo iiyaeyaony iio?aaiinoue. Nenoaia “oi/ii
aia?aiy”, e?iia oiai, aeiaiaeeo nenoaio oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiui
i?ioeannii e iaoa?eaeueiuie ?ano?naie aei auni/aeoae noaiaie
oii?yaei/aiiinoe, any nenoaia i?iecaiaenoaii i?iieouaaaony ea/anoaii.
4 Ieaie?iaaiea ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.
4.1 Ieaie?iaaiea ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.
N yeiiiie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey, ecaea?aeee — yoi ana ieaoaaee,
aiaoiea e aioo?aiiea, aeeth/ay ii?iaeueioth i?eaueue. Ecaea?aeee
i?iecaiaenoaa eaeiai-eeai oiaa?a caaenyo ia oieueei io ?uii/iuo oeai
iaiaoiaeeiuo ?ano?nia, ii e io oaoiieiaee ecaioiaeaiey. Aaeiaua
ecaea?aeee ia i?iecaiaenoai eaeiai-eeai oiaa?a ninoiyo ec aeaoo
eiiiiiaioia:
— iinoiyiiuo, eioi?ua oe?ia ianao iacaaeneii io iauaia auionea
i?iaeoeoeee;
— ia?aiaiiuo, eioi?ua iaiythony aianoa n iauaiii auionea.
E iinoiyiiui ecaea?aeeai ioiineony /anoue io/eneaiee ia aii?oecaoeeth
caeaiee e iai?oaeiaaiey, iieaoa iaycaoaeuenoa ii iaeeaaoeeiiiui caeiai,
?aioiua ieaoaaee, no?aoiaua aciinu, aeaeiaaiea oi?aaeai/aneiio ia?niiaeo
e aoaeouei niaoeeaeenoai oe?iu. E ia?aiaiiui ecaea?aeeai ioiinyony:
cao?aou ia nu?uea, oiieeai, yia?aeth, o?ainii?oiua oneoae, ca?aaioiay
ieaoa ?aai/eo. Iiyoiio, /oiau ?aoaoue, neieueei auioneaoue i?iaeoeoeee,
oe?ia aeieaeia ciaoue, eae aic?anooo ia?aiaiiua ecaea?aeee n eciaiaieai
iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa.Aeey yoiai ?ac?aaioaiu iaeioi?ua aeiiieieoaeueiua
e?eoa?ee eciaiaiey ecaea?aeae. Yoi i?aaeaeueiua e ia?aeeiaeueiua
ecaea?aeee. Eiiaaea eo iacuaatho i?e?inoiuie, o.a. i?aaenoaaeythueie
niaie i?e?ino ecaea?aeae a ?acoeueoaoa i?iecaiaenoaa iaeiie
aeiiieieoaeueiie aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee. Oae eae iinoiyiiua ecaea?aeee ia
iaiythony n eciaiaieai iauaia auionea, oi i?aaeaeueiua ecaea?aeee
ii?aaeaeythony eeoue ?inoii ia?aiaiiuo ecaea?aeae a ?acoeueoaoa i?e?inoa
i?iaeoeoeee. Eiaiii iie e iieacuaatho, ai neieueei iaieaeaony oe?ia
oaaee/aiea auionea i?iaeoeoeee ia iaeio aaeeieoeo.
N?aaeiea ecaea?aeee yaeythony ecaea?aeeaie ia aaeeieoeo
i?iaeoeoeee. Eiaaony o?e aeaea n?aaeieo ecaea?aeae: n?aaeiea iinoiyiiua,
n?aaeiea ia?aiaiiua e n?aaeiea aaeiaua. Ia?aua i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iinoiyiiua ecaea?aeee, aeaeaiiua ia iauai auionea i?iaeoeoeee. Aoi?ua —
ia?aiaiiua ecaea?aeee, aeaeaiiua ia iauai auionea. Iaeiiaoe, o?aouee
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aaeiaua ecaea?aeee,aeaeaiiua ia iauai auionea.
Oaeei ia?acii, ia?aiaiiua e aaeiaua ecaea?aeee ?anooo aianoa n auioneii
i?iaeoeoeee. I?e yoii nei?inoue, n eioi?ie iie oaaee/eaathony, caaeneo
io i?e?iaeu i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, e a /anoiinoe, io noaiaie, a
eioi?ie naii i?iecaiaenoai iiaeaa?aeaii aeaenoaeth caeiia oauaathuae
ioaea/e ii ioiioaieth e ia?aiaiiui oaeoi?ai. Anee o?oae yaeyaony
aaeeinoaaiiui ia?aiaiiui oaeoi?ii, /oiau aieueoa i?iecaiaeeoue, oe?ia
aeieaeia iaiyoue aieueoa ?aai/eo. Oiaaea, anee i?aaeaeueiue i?iaeoeo
o?oaea auno?i nieaeaaony ii ia?a oaaee/aiey o?oaeicao?ao (ec-ca
aeaenoaey caeiia oauaathuae ioaea/e), aeey onei?aiey auionea i?iaeoeoeee
iaiaoiaeeiu ana aieueoea e aieueoea ecaea?aeee. A eoiaa, ia?aiaiiua e
aaeiaua ecaea?aeee auno?i ?anooo iaeiia?aiaiii n oaaee/aieai iauaia
auionea i?iaeoeoeee. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, anee i?aaeaeueiue i?iaeoeo
o?oaea iacia/eoaeueii nieaeaaony i?e oaaee/aiee eiee/anoaa o?oaeiauo
?ano?nia, ecaea?aeee aoaeoo aic?anoaoue ia noieue auno?i a caaeneiinoe
io oaaee/aiey iauaia auionea.
4.2 Ieaie?iaaiea i?eauee.
Ieaie?iaaiea i?eauee — yoi iiiaia?aiiue i?ioeann, aeeth/athuee
aeoaieee yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec oicyenoaaiiuo e oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae ca
i?aaeoanoaothuee ia?eiae, aeoeaiia o/anoea oeiainiauo ?aaioieeia a
?ac?aaioea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu n o/aoii anao auyaeaiiuo
?aca?aia, a oaeaea eniieueciaaiea i?eauee.
I?eaueue — enoi/iee ia?aciaaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo oeiainiauo
?ano?nia. Ca n/ao iaa inouanoaeythony eaiaeiaeaiey, oeiaine?oaony
aeiiieieoaeueiay iio?aaiinoue a nu?uea, oiieeaa e iaoa?eaeao, o.a.
inouanoaeyaony i?e?ino iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa.
Iiaeaeue ia?aciaaiey e ?ani?aaeaeaiey
i?eauee
au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee( ?aaio, oneoa) a aeaenoaothueo oeaiao
aac IAeN
/enoay i?eaueue
oiiae iaeiieaiey oiiae iio?aaeaiey
oiiae nianoaaiiinoe o?oaeiaiai eieeaeoeaa oiiae nioeeaeueiiai
?acaeoey(iieaoa iooaaie, i?iieaou ia aeaoae…)
?aca?aii-no?aoiaie oiiae auieaou ec i?eauee(aeeaeaeaiaeu, i?ioeaiou)
oiiae ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa ioaea/aiey ia aeaaioai?eoaeueiua e ae?oaea
oeaee
oiiae nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey
Aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua iia?aoeee:
— aeieaaia o/anoea a aeayoaeueiinoe ae?oaeo oe?i;
— naea/a eiouanoaa a a?aiaeo;
— aeioiaeu ii aeoeeyi, iaeeaaoeeyi e ae?oaei oeaiiui aoiaaai,
i?eiaaeeaaeauei oe?ia;
— ae?oaea iia?aoeee, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia naycaiiua n i?iecaiaenoaii
i?iaeoeoeee;
— noiiu, iieo/aiiua e oiea/aiiua a aeaea naieoeee e aiciauaiey oauoeia.
Caeeth/aiea
Eo?niaay ?aaioa, ninoiyuay ec 4 /anoae, iinayuaia aioo?eoe?iaiiiio
ieaie?iaaieth, eioi?ia ?ane?uaaao iauea i?eioeeiu, ooieoeee e
yeiiiie/aneea iaoiaeu ieaie?iaaiey.Iiae?iaii i?iaiaeece?iaaiu caaea/e
ieaie?iaaiey, aai ooieoeee, no?oeoo?a.
Aoi?ay aeaaa iinayuaia ieaio nauoa e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio ieaio.
O?aouey — ieaie?iaaieth iio?aaiinoae a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nao. A
/aoaa?oie aeaaa ?anneacuaaaony i ieaie?iaaiee ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa e
i?eauee.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u:
No?aoaae/aneee iaiaaeaeiaio e aioo?eoe?iaiiia ieaie?iaaiea.
Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae A.A.Aiaiiieiaa, A.ss. ?aeaann I., IAAI “ie?
eieae”,1994
Ieaie?iaaiea iieea?aoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa
A.A.Aiaiiieiaa
I., “Eieaa”, 1984
Iaiaaeaeiaio
E.I.Aa?/eeiaa
I., “Aaiee e ae?aee”, 1995
Aaaaeaiea a ?uii/ioth yeiiiieeo
A.ss. Eeaoeoe
I., OII “Eaaae?ao”,1991
No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea a i?iiuoeaiiuo ei?ii?aoeeyo NOA.
Noa?eei A.?. Ooeei E.A.
I., “iaoea”1990
Iniiau ia?eaoeiaa
Eioea? O. ia? n aiae.
I.,”i?ia?ann” 1990
Oeiainu ia?eaoeiaa
Noayiiaa A.N
I.,”Ia?niaeoeaa” 1994
Iaiaaeaeiaio eee aieiaiay aieue ?
Oie/ei A.A.
I., “OIEE” 1996
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
