?ai?aaiecaoeey aecian – i?ioeannia
i?e eciaiaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
a e?oiiie i?aaiecaoeee.
Niaea?aeaiea:
Eiioeaioeey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu e o?aaiaaiey eioi?ua iiaoo e iae
i?aaeuyaeyoueny
Oeiu eciaiaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
I?eioeeiu ieaie?iaaiey i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
I?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaiou eiiaiaeu, ioaa/athuae ca eciaiaiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, iiaeai? aa o/anoieeia e acaeiiioiioaiey n
i?aaiecaoeeae
Eiioeaioeey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu e o?aaiaaiey eioi?ua iiaoo e iae
i?aaeuyaeyoueny
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iiiyoea eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu ianoieueei ?aciuoi,
/oi iiae eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiie iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaii ethaia
iiiyoea io eiiiuethoa?iie i?ia?aiiu, iiiiaathuae aaoiiaoece?iaaoue
eaeie-oi i?ioeann, aei neiaeeauaainy iaai?a i?aaee e i?ioeaaeo?,
?aaeaiaioe?othueo aeaenoaey nio?oaeieeia eiiiaiee ii i?aaiecaoeee
i?ioeannia nicaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey eioi?iaoeee a ioaeiii aeey
eiiiaiee aeaea.
Iiyoiio ia noaay ia?aae niaie caaea/o ?anniio?aoue ana aiciiaeiua
ii?aaeaeaiey aeey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, aaoi? i?aaeeiaeee au1
iiieiaoue iiae eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiie eioaa?e?iaaiioth aaco aeaiiuo,
iicaieythuoth aeaaiaea?y naiae ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe ia?aaaouaaoue oe?ieee
niaeo? aecian i?ioeannia, a eioi?ue iiaoo aoiaeeoue neaaeothuea
(iineieueeo aeaiiay ?aaioa naycaia n o/anoeai aaoi?a a eiie?aoiii
i?iaeoa ii eioaa?aoeee iiaie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu a e?oiiie eiiiaiee,
ii?aaeaeaiiua iaeanoe aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee iiaee ia aieoe a
aeaiiue nienie, eae iai?eia? eaae?iaue o/ao, iaeioi?ua oeiainiaua,
aooaaeoa?neea e eiaenoe/aneea aniaeou, ia?eaoeia e o.ae.):
i?ioeann i?eaia caeacia
o/ao neeaaeneiai eiaaioa?y
o/ao o?ainii?oe?iaie i?iaeoeoeee
i?ioeann caeoiie i?iaeoeoeee
i?ioeann oaiiaeaiiie i/enoee i?iaeoeoeee
aooaaeoa?neia io?aaeaiea anao oeacaiiuo i?ioeannia
o/ao n/aoia e iieo/aieth
o/ao n/aoia e auieaoa
o/ao cao?ao e o.ae.
__________________
1Iineieueeo auai? aeaiiie oaiu aue iaoneiaeai o/anoeai aaoi?a a i?iaeoa,
ai iiiaii io?aaeathuai oaiaeaioeee ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai
a e?oiiuo eiiiaieyo, aaoi? n/ae aiciiaeiui ?anniao?eaaoue i?ioeann
ia?aoiaea e?oiiuo eiiiaiee e iiaie eioaa?e?iaaiiie aaca aeaiiuo n
oe?ieie ooieoeeiiaeueiinoueth ai iiiaii oeie/iui, a neaaeiaaoaeueii e
naio aaco aeaiiuo (iinoaiaiii caaiaauaathuoth ?uiie «e?oiiuo»
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai) oeie/iie e iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuae iiae
ii?aaeaeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
*oi eanaaony ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, oi i?eciaeii
«nenoaiiinoe» aaoi? i?aaeeiaeee au n/eoaoue noaiaiue ?ac?aaioaiiinoe
aeaiiie ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe. *ai aieueoa iaeanoae aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaiecaoeee ioaaouaaao aeaiiay eiie?aoiay aaca aeaiiuo, e /ai aieueoa
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae ii o/aoo ianoaiaea?oiuo «aeeciaiiuo
neooaoeee» yoa aaca aeaiiuo i?aaeinoaaeyao, oai aeeaea aa iiaeii ioianoe
e eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia. Anoanoaaiii eioi?iaoeeiiiay nenoaia aeieaeia
auoue niiniaia ia?aaaouaaoue aeinoaoi/iua iauaiu eioi?iaoeee
(ii?aaeaeyaiua ?acia?ii aeciana eiie?aoiie i?aaiecaoeee) ca
ioiineoaeueii ei?ioeia a?aiy.
Iiae «eioaa?e?iaaiiinoueth» eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iiaeii iiieiaoue
noaiaiue naycaiiinoe anao i?ioeannia i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua iaoee
io?aaeaiea a nenoaia, a aaeeiia oeaeia. Oeie/iui i?eia?ii
eioaa?e?iaaiiie nenoaiu iiaeao auoue nenoaia, eioi?ay iicaieyao
o/eouaaoue e eiaenoe/aneea, e aooaaeoa?neea i?ioeannu. Iai?eia?, i?e
ioi?ieaiee a nenoaia caeaca, eioi?ue aeaeaao caeac/ee, a nenoaia
aicieeaao niioaaonoaothuay aooaaeoa?neay i?iaiaeea, oaaee/eaathony n/aoa
e iieo/aieth e oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai oiaa?a ia neeaaea, eioi?ia eiaao
noaoon naiaiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey.
I?aaeeiaeea iiieiaoue iiae eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiie iienaiiia auoa e
ia?aie/eaaynue ia?a/eneaieai oaeoi?ia, naienoaaiiuo eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaia, aaoi? aeae au iaiieiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i iae. Iaeiie ec
aaaeiaeoeo eiiiiiaio, iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiiuo n eioi?iaoeeiiiuie
nenoaiaie, yaeythony ethaee, eniieuecothuea nenoaio a naieo oeaeyo, e
i?ioeannu, ?aaeaiaioe?othuea aeayoaeueiinoue nio?oaeieeia ii
eniieueciaaieth nenoaiu. I?aaiecaoeey aeaiiuo i?ioeannia e iao/aiea
nio?oaeieeia ?aaioa n nenoaiie yaeythony eeth/aaie i?aaeiinueeie
oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu e aoaeoo iienaiu ieaea i?e iienaiee
eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
Oeiu eciaiaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
Eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue a
caaeneiinoe io ianeieueeeo oaeoi?ia. Iiae oaeeie oaeoi?aie aaoi?
i?aaeeiaeee au iiieiaoue neaaeothuea:
aeae eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
i?e/eia eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
iaeanoue eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
ianooaa aiaea/aiey ?ano?nia.
Iieoai eaaeaeue ec oaeoi?ia aieaa iiae?iaii, naeaeaa iaiai?eo, /oi aia
caaeneiinoe io oaeoi?a eee oeia eciaiaiey eaaeaeue i?iaeo, ioiinyueeny e
eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, eiaao naie ianoieueei oieeaeueiua
/a?ou, /oi a?yae ee aiciiaeii iaeoe aeaa aaniethoii eaeaioe/iuo i?iaeoa
a yoie iaeanoe. Yoi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iiaeii iauynieoue niaoeeoeeie e
oieeaeueiinoueth aioo?aiiae i?aaiecaoeee aecian i?ioeannia a eaaeaeie
eiiiaiee, a oaeaea aeaeii aa aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aeae eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
Caeanue eiaaony a aeaeo, ianeieueei ea/anoaaiii neeueiui e ?aaeeeaeueiui
yaeyaony eciaiaiea. Iiaeii oneiaii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea oeiu
eciaiaiee:
Onoaiiaea nenoaiu n ioey i?e ionoonoaee eaeie-ieaoaeue i?aaeuaeouae
nenoaiu (onoaiiaea n ioey).
Caeanue nouanoaaiiui iiiaioii yaeyaony oi, /oi aecian i?ioeannu ia auee
aaoiiaoece?iaaiu, a aiaae?aiea nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e aaaeaieth aeciana
o?aaoao aaoiiaoecaoeee. A i?eioeeia yoio oei oeaeaniia?acii i?eiaiyoue
oiaaea, eiaaea iauaiu aeciana oaeiau, /oi oaea noaiiaeony o?oaeii
oi?aaeyoue eie e aiaeece?iaaoue eo ia eneeth/eoaeueiie iniiaa (oi anoue
eaaeaeia niauoea a ioaeaeueiinoe). O?aaoaony eaeie-oi iaoaieci,
iicaieythuee noaiaea?oece?iaaoue iieacaoaee, ii eioi?ui i?ienoiaeeo
aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
?anoe?aiea ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae nouanoaothuae nenoaiu
(?anoe?aiea ooieoeee).
Oaeia eciaiaiea aiciiaeii a aeaoo neo/ayo. A ia?aii neo/aa oa i?ioeannu,
eioi?ua iiiaaeatho iiae ?anoe?aiiua ooieoeeiiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe
nenoaiu, ia/eiatho o?aaiaaoue nenoaiiiai noaiaea?oiiai iiaeoiaea, eae
iienaii a i?aaeuaeouai ioieoa. Aoi?ie neo/ae i?ienoiaeeo oiaaea, eiaaea
oa i?ioeannu, eioi?ua ia ioneaaeeaaeenue a nenoaia, ?aiaa
ioneaaeeaaeenue a ae?oaie nenoaia. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo, anee ae?oaay nenoaia
noaiiaeony iayooaeoeaiie, a oa nenoaia, o eioi?ie ?anoe?ythony
ooieoeeiiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe, iicaieyao ioneaaeeaaoue aeaiiua i?ioeannu
yooaeoeaii. E iniaaiiinoyi yoiai oeia eciaiaiee ioiineony
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ouaoaeueiiai eco/aiey aiciiaeiinoae aeiiieieoaeueiie
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu e aa aaeaioaoeey e i?ioeannai a i?aaiecaoeee,
aaea iniaaiii aaaeii o/anoue iiaeaioiaeo ia?niiaea e ?aaioa n nenoaiie.
Io/oaeaeaiea /anoe ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae nouanoaothuae nenoaiu
(io/oaeaeaiea ooieoeee).
Oaeiai oeia eciaiaiey aiciiaeiu a neo/aa eciaiaiey aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaiecaoeee (a /anoiinoe, anee eaeie-oi ec i?ioeannia, nouanoaiaaaoeo
?aiaa e ea?aaoeo aaaeioth ?ieue, ia?anoaao auoue aeooaeueiui). Iai?eia?,
i?e iino?ieea caaiaea i?ae?auaaony eiii?o i?iaeoeoeee, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
oiio, /oi i?ioeann ?anoaiiaeee en/acaao, e aai yooaeoeaiinoue ia
ioneaaeeaaaony, /oi a naith i/a?aaeue i?eaiaeeo e io/oaeaeaieth
oaiiaeaiiiai iiaeoey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
Onoaiiaea iiaie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu i?e nio?aiaiee /anoe
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe noa?ie nenoaiu (i?eno?ieea nenoaiu).
Caeanue aiciiaeai aa?eaio, eiaaea iiaay nenoaia nouanoaoao a ea/anoaa
iaaeno?ieee e noa?ie e auiieiyao /anoue ooieoeee, eioi?ua ?aiueoa
auiieiyea noa?ay nenoaia eee auiieiyao /anoue iiauo ooieoeee. Caeanue,
eae e a i?aaeuaeouai ?acaeaea, neaaeoao iniaia aieiaiea ia?aoeoue
eco/aieth aiciiaeiinoae iiaie nenoaiu, iao/aieth ia?niiaea, a oaeaea
i?aaiecaoeee eiiioieeaoeee aeaiiuo iaaeaeo aeaoiy nenoaiaie.
Onoaiiaea iiaie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu i?e iieiii io/oaeaeaiee noa?ie
nenoaiu (iieiay niaia nenoaiu).
Yoi iaeei ec naiuo neiaeiuo i?iaeoia, iioiio /oi i?e aai ?aaeecaoeee
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue n?aco aanue eiiieaen oaeoi?ia:
– eco/aiea i?ioeannia i?aaiecaoeee aeey i?iaaaeaiey aiaeeca i?e
oanoe?iaaiee iiaie nenoaiu;
– eco/aiea aiciiaeiinoae iiaie nenoaiu ii n?aaiaieth ni noa?ie
i?eiaieoaeueii e i?ioeannai i?aaiecaoeee;
– iiaeaee?iaaiea oanoiauo neooaoeee;
– oanoe?iaaiea iiaie nenoaiu eae a i?aaeaa?eoaeueiii ?aaeeia, oae e a
?aaeeia ?aaiou n ?aaeueiuie aeaiiuie, aieioue aei aeaieiiai aaiaea
aeaiiuo – a iiaoth e noa?oth nenoaio iaeiia?aiaiii;
– i?eiyoea ?aoaiee ioiineoaeueii eciaiaiee a i?ioeannao, eioi?ua iiaeii
inouanoaeoue i?e niaia nenoaiu;
– iiaeaioiaea iaiaaeaeiaioa e ia?niiaea e i?iaaaeaieth eciaiaiee a
i?ioeannao;
– iao/aiea ia?niiaea ?aaioa n iiaie nenoaiie;
– ieaie?iaaiea ia?aoiaea ni noa?ie nenoaiu ia iiaoth i?e nio?aiaiee
i?aaeeueiinoe aeaiiuo e eo o/aoa;
– iiaeaea?aeea ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iiaie nenoaiu a aeeaeaeoaa
a?aiy iinea ia?aoiaea e a aeaeueiaeoai.
Onoaiiaea nenoaiu, eioi?ay auiieiyao ?ieue eioa?oaena iaaeaeo aeaoiy
nouanoaothueie, ii ia niaianoeiuie ?aiaa nenoaiaie (onoaiiaea
eioa?oaena).
Aeey oaeiai oeia eciaiaiee oa?aeoa?ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey
o?aieiaia aeey ia?niiaea ii ?acuyniaieth iniiaiuo eciaiaiee i?e ?aaioa n
nenoaiaie ioiineoaeueii iiauo aiciiaeiinoae, eioi?ua iiyaeythony i?e
nicaeaiee eioa?oaena, a oaeaea ouaoaeueiia ieaie?iaaiea oaoie/aneeo
?ac?aaioie eioa?oaena.
I?e/eia eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
I?e/eia eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue, ii/aio
i?iecioea niaia nenoaiu a i?aaiecaoeee. A ea/anoaa i?eia?ia iiaeii
i?eaanoe ?yae iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo i?e/ei, ii eioi?ui i?ienoiaeyo
eciaiaiey a eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia:
oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee nenoaiu (auno?iaeaenoaea, niiniaiinoue
ia?aaaouaaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua iauaiu eioi?iaoeee, niaianoeiinoue n
nouanoaothueie nenoaiaie, oaeiaiinoue eniieueciaaiey). Caeanue
eeth/aaoth ?ieue ea?aao e?eoe/iinoue oaoie/aneeo niiniaiinoae nenoaiu –
anee noa?ay nenoaia ia a ninoiyiee ia?aaaouaaoue aaiaeeioth a iaa
eioi?iaoeeth n ioaeiie nei?inoueth, oi oiaaea aeaiiay i?e/eia yaeyaony
iaeiie ec iniiaiuo, ec-ca eioi?uo i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea eee niaia
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
iaeanoue aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee (iiyaeaiea iiauo i?ioeannia eee
en/aciiaaiea noa?uo). Eciaiaiea aeayoaeueiinoe i?eaiaeeo e eciaiaieth
i?ioeannia, a i?ioeannao o?aaoao eciaiaiey a nenoaia.
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu (iaai? ooieoeee, eioi?ua iiaeao
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue nenoaia – io ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee aei eiie?aoiuo
i?ioeannia, eioi?ua iiaeii ioneaaeeaaoue a nenoaia). Iai?yioth naycaia n
iaeanoueth aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e ?acia?ii aeciana. I?e eciaiaiee
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe
nenoaiu, i?e eciaiaiee ?acia?a aeciana iiaeao aicieeiooue eee ioianoue
iaiaoiaeeiinoue nenoaiaoe/aneie e yeaeo?iiiie ?aaeno?aoeee eioi?iaoeee
(iai?eia?, anee oe?ia i?iecaiaeeo anaai ianeieueei ioa?ocie a aeaiue, oi
ia iaaei o?aieoue noaoenoeee ii oiio, eae ea/anoaaiii i?eauaaao
o?ainii?o e caeac/eeo – ai a?aiy/ ia ai a?aiy, anee aea oe?ia ioa?oaeaao
ii 40-50 eee aieaa a?ociaeeia e caeac/eeai, oi a yoii neo/aa i?inoi
iaiaoiaeeii aanoe noaoenoeeo ii eiee/anoao iiicaeaiee e ?aaioaoue ii
oeo/oaieth iieacaoaeae, eia/a ea/anoai na?aena iiaeao ia/aoue iinoaiaiii
oooaeoaoueny, /oi iioaioeeaeueii iiaeao i?eaanoe e iioa?a iieoiaoaeae).
ii?aeueiia onoa?aaaiea nenoaiu (noa?ay aa?ney iaiyaony ia iiaoth).
Aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaiiay neooaoeey; /anoi auaaao oae, /oi iiaay
aa?ney eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu ia oieueei oaeiaiae a eniieueciaaiee, ii
e i?aaeinoaaeyao aieaa niaa?oaiiua oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee e aieaa
oe?ieoth ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue.
iieeoeea i?aaiecaoeee ioiineoaeueii noaiaea?oecaoeee i?ioeannia a ?aciuo
ioaeaeaieyo i?aaiecaoeee (iiaeaaaeaiea anao i?ioeannia iiae iaeei
noaiaea?o e eae neaaenoaea onoaiiaea noaiaea?oiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaiu). Aeaiiay i?e/eia oa?aeoa?ia aeey eiiiaiee n aieueoei
eiee/anoaii oeeeaeia. Anee eiiiaiey no?aieony e noaiaea?oecaoeee aecian
i?ioeannia (/oi eiaao ?yae nouanoaaiiuo i?aeiouanoa, oaeeo eae yeiiiiey
ia eniieueciaaiee aaeeiiai oi?iaoa i?ioeannia e ia?aaioee aeaiiuo,
aiaae?aiea ia?aaeiaiai iiuoa, yeiiiiey i?e i?aaiecaoeee aecian
i?ioeannia a iiauo oeeeaeao, oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe aeey ?acaeoey e
ia?aiauaiey nio?oaeieeia iaaeaeo oeeeaeaie e o.ae.), oi aeey iaa e?iia
i?aaiecaoeee aaeeiiai noaiaea?oa ?aaeecaoeee aecian i?ioeannia aua e
iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue aaeeioth nenoaio, eioi?ay aoaeao yaeyoueny
iaoaieciii ii ?aaeecaoeee noaiaea?oiiai iiaeoiaea, a oaeaea eino?oiaioii
eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo aeey aiaeeca.
eioaa?aoeey ?acee/iuo iaeanoae aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee (i?eia? –
eioaa?aoeey a iaeio nenoaiu aooaaeoa?ee e eiaenoeee). Aeaiiay i?e/eia
naycaia n aiciiaeiinoueth yeiiiiee ia cao?aoao ?ano?nia ii aaaeaieth
aeaiiuo i?e iauaaeeiaiee ?aciuo i?ioeannia, ?aaeno?e?oaiuo a
i?aaiecaoeee ia nenoaiiii o?iaia.
i?anoeaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey iiaie nenoaiu. Iiaeao yaeyoueny
eiieo?aioiui i?aeiouanoaii aeey i?aaiecaoeee, ?aaioathueo a noa?a
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee eee oneoa (iniaaiii a noa?a oneoa ii
i?aaeinoaaeaieth eioi?iaoeee).
Iaeanoue eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
Iiae iaeanoueth eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu i?aaeeaaaaony
iiieiaoue oo noa?o eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, eioi?ay ioiineony e
ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaia aecian i?ioeannia a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
Iniiauaaynue ia iiuoa, iieo/aiiii aaoi?ii ai a?aiy ?aaiou, iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue neaaeothuee aaciaue iaai? noa? eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu:
eiaenoeea
aooaaeoa?neee o/ao
oeiainiaue aiaeec
o/ao eaae?ia
ia?eaoeia
i?iaeaaee/ iieoiaoaee
io/aoiinoue
A?yae ee anoue niune iienuaaoue ninoaaeythuea eaaeaeiai yeaiaioa
i?aaeeiaeaiiiai aaciaiai iaai?a, iioiio /oi ai-ia?auo, eaaeaeay
i?aaiecaoeey iaeaaeaao naiae oieeaeueiie niaoeeoeeie, a neaaeiaaoaeueii
aeaeaei ia eaaeaeay i?aaiecaoeey eaeaaeueii iiaeiaaeaea au iiae
aeaoaeueii ?anienaiiue aaciaue iaai?, a ai-aoi?uo, iienaiea iio?aaiaaei
au neeoeii iiiai aieiaiey, /oi eciaieei au aioo?aiithth eiaeeo aeaiiie
?aaiou e aa oeaeue – iienaiea eciaiaiee, eioi?ua iiaoo aicieeiooue a
i?aaiecaoeee n eciaiaieai eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
Ianooaa aiaea/aiey ?ano?nia.
Eciaiaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iiaeii oaeaea ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue n
oi/ee c?aiey oao ?ano?nia, eioi?ua aiaea/aiu a i?ioeann eciaiaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu e niioiioaiey aiaea/aiiinoe yoeo ?ano?nia. Iiae
?ano?naie aaoi? i?aaeeiaeee au iiieiaoue neaaeothuea iaiouaieaiua
ninoaaeythuea ethaiai i?iaeoa, a oii /enea e i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu:
ethaee
a?aiy
iaai? ooieoeee, eioi?ua i?aaenoieo iiiaiyoue/ aiaae?eoue
noieiinoue (athaeaeao).
Aaaeioth ?ieue caeanue ea?aao niioiioaiea aiaea/aiiinoe ?ano?nia a
i?iaeo. Yoi yaeyaony naiaai ?iaea ea/anoaaiiui iieacaoaeai noeey
i?iaaaeaiey eciaiaiee a eiiiaiee, a oaeaea iiaeao iicaieeoue ioeaieoue
yooaeoeaiinoue iaiaaeaeiaioa, i?eiaieiiai e i?iaeoo – anoanoaaiii i?e
aeaoaeueiii eco/aiee aeaiiiai eiie?aoiiai i?iaeoa. Anee oi?aaeaiea
i?iaeoii i?aaieciaaii a?aiioii e aeaoaeueii i?iaeoiaii, niioiioaiea
aiaea/aiiinoe ?ano?nia iiaeao aeaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i oii,
ianeieueei i?iaeo yaeyaony neiaeiui n oaoie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey,
ianeieueei neiaeiui yaeyaony nai i?ioeann eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaiu,
ianeieueei eioaineaiuie eee aeaaea aa?anneaiuie yaeythony ieaiu ii
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa,
ianeieueei aei?iainoiyuei yaeyaony i?iaeo,
ianeieueei a oeaeii i?iaeo aaaeai aeey i?aaiecaoeee e o.ae.
Anee ?anniao?eaaoue ianooaa aiaea/aiey e eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia, oi
caeanue eeth/aaui aoaeao ii?aaeaeaiea oiai, ianeieueei aaeee ii aeey
i?aaiecaoeee. O/eouaay, /oi iaaiciiaeii oeacaoue iauea oa?aeoa?enoeee e
e?eoa?ee oiai, eaeia aiaea/aiea ?ano?nia a aaniethoiii au?aaeaiee
yaeyaony aieueoei, a eaeia iao, iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue eniieueciaaoue
iaai? noauaeoeaiuo oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua iiaoo aeaoue iniiao aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey aaee/eiu ianooaaa eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia. E oaeei oaeoi?ai
iiaeii ioianoe neaaeothuea:
aeiey nio?oaeieeia eiiiaiee, i?eieiathueo iaiin?aaenoaaiiia o/anoea a
i?iaeoa,
aeiey nio?oaeieeia eiiiaiee, a oie eee eiie noaiaie aiaea/aiiuo a
i?iaeo,
eiee/anoai ooieoeee, eioi?ua aoaeoo iiaeaea?aeeaaoueny iiaie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiie (anee yoi ia iooi?aeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai iaai?a
ooieoeee nouanoaothuae nenoaiu),
ea/anoaaiiia niaea?aeaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe, aa neiaeiinoue e ioaao
aecian i?ioeannia,
aeiey athaeaeaoa, ioaaaeaiiiai ia ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoa,
noieiinoue i?iaeoa ioiineoaeueii noieiinoe ae?oaeo i?iaeoia,
inouanoaeyaiuo a i?aaiecaoeee a ianoiyuee iiiaio,
a?aiaiiua ?aiee i?iaeoa, aai aeeeoaeueiinoue.
Niioaaonoaaiii ia iniiaa auoaia?a/eneaiiuo oaeoi?ia ianooaa
aiaea/aiiinoe ?ano?nia iiaeii oneiaii ?acaeaeeoue ia
aieueoie,
n?aaeiee e
iaeaiueeee.
Iiceoeeiie?iaaiea oeia eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu:
N iaoae oi/ee c?aiey aeey ii?aaeaeaiiuo oeaeae eiaao niune i?iaiaeeoue
iiceoeeiie?iaaiea oeia eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu. Yoi iiaeii
aeaeaoue aeey oiai, /oiau eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue n?aaiaiey ieaie?oaiiai
i?iaeoa n aiaeiae/iui, i?iaiaeeiui ?aiaa aeaiiie eee ae?oaie eiiiaieae.
Yoio oi?iaeueiue iaoaieci iiaeao ieacaoueny i/aiue iieaciui, oae eae
iiiiaaao auno?i ii?aaeaeeoue, n eaeie noaiaiueth oi/iinoe iiaeii
ia?aieiaoue iiuo i?e aiaeeca aiaeiae/iiai i?iaeoa. Anoanoaaiii
ouaoaeueiia eco/aiea iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo ae?oaeo i?iaeoia i/aiue
iieacii, a a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo iiaeao iiii/ue a cia/eoaeueiie yeiiiiee
n?aaenoa, ii i?e ia?aiia/aeueiie ioeaiea iaiaoiaeeii iieo/eoue iaeia
oi?iaeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i oii, eaeiai ?iaea i?iaeo i?aaenoieo
i?iaanoe i?aaiecaoeee e a eaeii niioiioaiee n ae?oaeie iiaeiaiuie
i?iaeoaie ii iaoiaeeony.
I?aaeeaaaaiay iao?eoea niaea?aeeo aeaa oeia eciaiaiee, eioi?ua
au?aaeatho naiaai ?iaea “noaiaiue na?ueaciinoe“ i?iaeoa, oi anoue
ianooaa aiaea/aiiinoe ?ano?nia e aaee/eio eee noaiaiue aeaiiuo
eciaiaiee, oi anoue aeae eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu (?en 2.1).
I?e yoii aeaiiia iiceoeeiie?iaaiea aeieaeii i?iaiaeeoueny aianoa n
aiaeecii iaeanoe eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, oi anoue
ea/anoaaiiui aiaeecii i?iaiaeeiuo eciaiaiee. Ea/anoaaiiue aiaeec –
iaiouaieaiay /anoue ii?aaeaeaiey iaai?a ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe i?iaeoa a
ia/aeueiie aai noaaeee, a oaeaea iniiaa i?e ieaie?iaaiee aeaiiiai
i?iaeoa.
IANOOAA
(
AEAe ( ( (
aieueoie
n?aaeiee
iaeaiueeee
onoaiiaea
n ioey
iieiay niaia
nenoaiu
?anoe?aiea
ooieoeee
io/oaeaeaiea
ooieoeee
i?eno?ieea
nenoaiu
onoaiiaea
eioa?oaena
?en. 2.1. Iao?eoea aeey iiceoeeiie?iaaiey oeia eciaiaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
I?eioeeiu ieaie?iaaiey i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu
Ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoa yaeyaony aaciaui i?ioeannii, ia iniiaa eioi?iai
i?ienoiaeeo ana ?acaeoea e ?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoa. Ieaie?iaaiea iiaeii
?acaeoue ia aeaa oeia: ia/aeueiia ieaie?iaaiea e ieaie?iaaiea a
i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey naiiai i?iaeoa. Ia/aeueiia ieaie?iaaiea
ia/eiaaony iinea oiai, eae aeaeaaony auaiae i iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey
eciaiaiee a eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia i?aaiecaoeee e caeai/eaaaony, eiaaea
ieai i?iaeoa niaeaniaai ni anaie o/anoieeaie i?iaeoa, io eioi?uo aoaeao
caaenaoue aai ?aaeecaoeey (iaiaaeaea?u i?iaeoa e ooieoeeiiaeueiuo a?oii,
eioi?uo einiaony eciaiaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu). Ieaie?iaaiea a
i?ioeanna inouanoaeyaony i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe aianaiey eciaiaiee a i?iaeo
e yaeyaony ?aai/ei i?ioeannii, caaenyuei io auiieiaiey ieaiia
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa. ?anniio?ei aeaoaeueiaa eaaeaeue oei ieaie?iaaiey
i?iaeoa.
Ia/aeueiia ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoa.
Nia/aea e?aoei ?anniio?ei i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i i?iaaaeaiee
eciaiaiee a eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia. (Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ia/aeueiay
noaaeey ethaiai i?iaeoa, e a /anoiinoe i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, yaeyaony naiie neiaeiie e iaiaa anaai
iiaeaeathuaeny no?oeoo?ecaoeee, e eiaiii iiyoiio a?yae ee iiaeii
i?iaanoe /aoeia aeaeaiea yoie noaaeee ia oacu, oai aieaa /oi iie iiaoo
neaaeiaaoue a ?aciii ii?yaeea a caaeneiinoe io i?aaiecaoeee, io
neiaeiinoe neooaoeee e io ianooaaa eciaiaiee, aeeth/ay a?aiaiiie
eioa?aae anaai ieaie?oaiiai i?iaeoa.)
Eae aiiaua i?eieiaaony ?aoaiea i i?iaaaeaiee eciaiaiee a eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaia? I?e/eiu eciaiaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iienaiu a
i?aaeuaeouai ?acaeaea:
oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee nenoaiu
iaeanoue aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu
ii?aeueiia onoa?aaaiea nenoaiu
iieeoeea i?aaiecaoeee ioiineoaeueii noaiaea?oecaoeee i?ioeannia
eioaa?aoeey ?acee/iuo iaeanoae aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
i?anoeaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey iiaie nenoaiu
Ia iniiaa ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ni noi?iiu nio?oaeieeia i?aaiecaoeee eee ii
nianoaaiiui niia?aaeaieyi (eioi?ua oaeaea iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue
iaeiie ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo i?e/ei) oii iaiaaeaeiaio i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo
i oii, /oi nouanoaothuay nenoaia ia niioaaonoaoao oaeouei iio?aaiinoyi
i?aaiecaoeee eee ia aoaeao ei niioaaonoaiaaoue a aoaeouai. I?eieiaaony
?aoaiea ia eciaiaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, i?e/ai aeaoaeueiay
?ac?aaioea iaiaoiaeeiuo eciaiaiee inouanoaeyaony niaoeeaeenoaie eiiiaiee
ec anao iaeanoae aeayoaeueiinoe yoie eiiiaiee, eioi?ua aoaeoo cao?iioou
i?e eciaiaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu. Aaaeiia caia/aiea: ia aeaiiie
noaaeee i?ienoiaeeo ia?aiia/aeueiia ieaie?iaaiea eciaiaiee, aeaaiay
oeaeue eioi?iai caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee iniiaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee
aoaeouaai i?iaeoa (ianooaa eciaiaiee, iaeanoe eciaiaiee, oei
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu (anee i?ienoiaeeo niaia eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaiu), ia?aiia/aeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea iaiaoiaeeiie ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe
iiaie nenoaiu e o.ae.).
Ia iniiaa yoiai ninoaaeyaony ia/aeueiue i?eaeeceoaeueiue ieai anaai
i?iaeoa, eioi?ue i?ioiaeeo niaeaniaaiea n oii iaiaaeaeiaioii oao
ooieoeee, eioi?uo iaiin?aaenoaaiii einiaony eciaiaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaiu. Iinea oiai, eae i?iecioei niaeaniaaiea, i?eaeeceoaeueiua n?iee
iaia/aiu, iaai? ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe ii?aaeaeai, ?ano?nu, eioi?ua aoaeoo
iai?yioth eee einaaiii caaeaenoaiaaiu a i?iaeoa, auaeaeaiu, ia/aeueiia
ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoa caeai/eaaaony. Aeaeaa ana aeaoaeueiua eciaiaiey
aoaeoo ioiineoueny e ieaie?iaaieth a i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa.
?anniio?ei iniiaiua ninoaaeythuea, eioi?ua neaaeoao aeeth/eoue a
ia/aeueiue ieai i?iaeoa:
Iienaiea iauaeoa eciaiaiey (/oi iaiaoiaeeii eciaieoue – nenoaio, /anoue
aa ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe e o.ae.);
E?aoeay ?aeiiaiaeaoeey ii iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiaiey (i?e/eia eciaiaiey,
i?aeiouanoaa iiaie nenoaiu, iienaiea oeaeae, eioi?uo ioaeii aeinoe/ue
i?e caaa?oaiee i?iaeoa);
Iniiaiua noaaeee i?iaeoa (ni. ieaea);
Iniiaiay ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue iiaie eee eciaiaiiie nenoaiu (oi anoue
nienie oiai, /oi aieaeao a i?iaeo) e n?iee i?iaaaeaiey eciaiaiee (anee
i?iaeo ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo nooiaiae, ?acoeueoaoii eaaeaeie ec eioi?uo
yaeyaony eciaiaiea /anoe ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu, oi caeanue eaaeaeay
nooiaiue aeieaeia eiaoue /aoei iinoaaeaiiua n?iee);
Nienie o/anoieeia i?iaeoa, eo iniiaiuo iaycaiiinoae e ?ieae (iaiaaeaea?
i?iaeoa, oii iaiaaeaeiaio, ?ano?nu, o/anoieee e o.ae.);
Athaeaeao i?iaeoa;
*oi ia aieaeao a i?iaeo (yoi iaiaoiaeeii aeey aianaiey yniinoe a
iaeeaeaiey iaiaaeaea?ia ?aai/eo a?oii ioiineoaeueii aiciiaeiinoae
nenoaiu);
Eaeea ooieoeeiiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe nenoaiu ioaeii eco/eoue a
aeaeueiaeoai aeey iioaioeeaeueiie onoaiiaee a aeaeueiaeoai (nienie);
?enee (eaeea oaeoi?u iiaoo iiiaoaoue ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa a iieiii
iauaia, a iinoaaeaiiua n?iee n onoaiiaeaiiui athaeaeaoii);
E?eoa?ee oniaoiiai auiieiaiey i?iaeoa
Nienie iaiaoiaeeiuo oneiaee, io eioi?uo caaeneo oniaoiay ?aaeecaoeey
i?iaeoa.
Ieaie?iaaiea a i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa.
I?eaaaeaiiay ieaea noaia iieacuaaao iaiauaiiue i?eioeei ieaie?iaaiey
i?iaeoa. Ec iaeiie ec aeaoaeae aeaiiie noaiu yaeyaony oi, /oi
ieaie?iaaiea a i?ioeanna i?iaeoa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iai?a?uaiue
i?ioeann, eioi?ue aeeeony aei caaa?oaiey i?iaeoa. Yoi naycaii ni
neiaeiinoueth ?ac?aaioee eaeaaeueiiai ieaia, a eioi?ii aoaeoo
i?aaeaeaeaiu ana aeaoaee e aiciiaeiua eciaiaiey noauaeoeaiiai
(naycaiiiai n naiei i?iaeoii) e iauaeoeaiiai (naycaiiiai n aiaoieie
enoi/ieeaie) oa?aeoa?a.
?en. 3.1. Ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
I?e iaeaeoeo ia?aiaiao (iai?eia?, eiaaea iaia?oaeeaaaony, /oi nenoaia
iicaieyao aiaae?eoue iiaue i?ioeann n aieueoie eaaeinoueth eee eiaaea
eoi-oi ec aaaeiuo o/anoieeia i?iaeoa ii eaeie-eeai i?e/eia ia a?aiy
auauaaao ec i?iaeoa) aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ei??aeoe?iaee
iinoaaeaiiuo ieaiia e a?aiaie eo ?aaeecaoeee. Niioaaonoaaiii oeiu
eciaiaiee a ieaiao iiaeii iiceoeeiie?iaaoue ia iao?eoea “n?iee i?iaeoa –
niaea?aeaiea i?iaeoa”.
N?iee
iaiythony i?iaeoa
ia iaiythony
iaiyaony
Niaea?aeaiea 1. *anoue ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu aeiaaaeaia, /oi
aucuaaao oaaee/aiea n?ieia
2. *anoue ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu oaeaeaia, /oi aucuaaao nie?auaiea
n?ieia *anoue ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu aeiaaaeaia eee oaeaeaia, ii
i?iaeo auiieiyaony a niioaaonoaee n ieaiii
i?iaeoa
ia iaiyaony
1. I?iaeo ia iiaeao auoue caaa?oai a iinoaaeaiiua n?iee a neeo
ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?e/ei
2. I?iaeo iiaeao auoue caaa?oai ?aiueoa onoaiiaeaiiuo n?ieia a neeo
ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?e/ei Eciaiaiee ia i?ienoiaeeo, i?iaeo ?acaeaaaony a
no?iaii niioaaonoaee n ieaiii
?en. 3.2. “N?iee i?iaeoa – niaea?aeaiea i?iaeoa”
Iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi /aua anaai iaiythony n?iee caaa?oaiey i?iaeoa,
i?e/ai a iniiaiii a noi?iio oaaee/aiey. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo ec-ca oiai, /oi
a oniaoiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo i?e ieaie?iaaiee noaayony aa?anneaiua oeaee
aeey oiai, /oiau aaeioiiaeoue nio?oaeieeia ia aieaa i?iaeoeoeaioth
?aaioo. Iiyoiio eiaaea i?ienoiaeyo eciaiaiey a i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey
i?iaeoa (a iie eae i?aaeei i?ienoiaeyo a eaaeaeii na?ueaciii i?iaeoa)
aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue caaeaenoaiaaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?ano?nia, a
oii /enea e a?aiaie. Anee e?iia a?aiaie aiciiaeii aeiiieieoaeueiia
eniieueciaaiea oaeiai ?ano?na, eae iaai? ooieoeee, oi iaiyaony e
niaea?aeaiea i?iaeoa. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, aeiiieieoaeueiia eniieueciaaiea
ae?oaeo ?ano?nia (noieiinoe e ethaeae) oiaiueoaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue
oaaee/aiey a?aiaie, oi anoue nie?auaao n?iee auiieiaiey i?iaeoa.
Ieaie?iaaiea a i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa i?ienoiaeeo ia eaaeaeie
noaaeee i?iaeoa ia ?aaoey?iie iniiaa. Aieaa oiai, ii ia?a i?iaeaeaeaiey
i?iaeoa ii eaaeaeie ec noaaeee /anoi oeaeaniia?acii i?aaieciauaaoue
nia?aiey iniiaiuo o/anoieeia i?iaeoa aeey ii?aaeaeaiey oaeouaai
iieiaeaiey aeae e n?aaiaiey n ieaiii. ?aaoey?iinoue oaeeo nia?aiee
caaeneo io aeeeoaeueiinoe i?iaeoa e aai ianooaaa. Anee iaaeaeo oaeouei
iieiaeaieai aeae e ieaiii iaia/aaony ?acieoea, oi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i?iecaiaeeony aiaeec niiniaia ono?aiaiey ionoaaaiey, a i?e
iaaiciiaeiinoe ono?aieoue ionoaaaiea eciaiyaony ieai i?iaeoa, /oi
niaeaniauaaaony n oii iaiaaeaeiaioii ia ?aaoey?iuo nia?aieyo (ni.
ieaea).
I?e ia?aoiaea n iaeiie noaaeee ia ae?oaoth ninoaaeyaony aeaoaeueiue ieai
?aaeecaoeee iiaie noaaeee i?iaeoa a niioaaonoaee n eciaiaieyie a ieaiao,
anee oaeea eiathony.
Noaaeee i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
Caeanue aaoi? i?aaeeiaeee au neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia oaeeo
eciaiaieyo, eae onoaiiaea iiaie nenoaiu i?e io/oaeaeaiee noa?ie (nthaea
a iniiaiii ioiinyony oaeea aeaeu eciaiaiey nenoaiu, eae iieiay niaia
nenoaiu, ?anoe?aiea ooieoeee, a oaeaea eiiaaea onoaiiaea n ioey), iioiio
/oi eiaiii oaeea eciaiaiey i?aaenoaaeytho iaeaieueoee eioa?an, yaeythony
iaeaieaa neiaeiuie e o?aaotho aieaa aieiaoaeueiiai eco/aiey, oae eae ai
iiiaii naycaiu ia oieueei n oaoie/aneeie ?aoaieyie, ii e n aiaea/aieai
ethaeae eo ?aciuo ooieoeee e n acaeiiioiioaieyie aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee.
A ?aciuo i?aaiecaoeeyo nouanoaotho ?aciua iiaeoiaeu ii ieaie?iaaieth
eciaiaiee. Oai ia iaiaa iiaeii iaiaoeoue iauea aeiee, eee /anoe, ec
eioi?uo ninoieo i?iaeo ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu i?aeoe/anee
aeey ethaie i?aaiecaoeee (ia/aeii i?iaeoa a aeaiiii neo/aa aaoi?
i?aaeeiaeee au n/eoaoue iiiaio, eiaaea ia/aeueiia ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoa
caaa?oaii, iaiaoiaeeiua niaeaniaaiey naeaeaiu e ?ano?nu aeey o/anoey a
i?iaeoa auaeaeaiu):
Iienaiea aecian i?ioeannia
O?aieiae ii iiaie nenoaia (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe)
Oanoe?iaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu
Iaiaoiaeeiua aei?aaioee
Iao/aiea iieueciaaoaeae ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu
Oanoe?iaaiea nenoaiu iieueciaaoaeyie
Aaiae ?aaeueiuo aeaiiuo
Ia?aoiae ia iiaoth nenoaio
?anniio?ei aieaa aeaoaeueii eaaeaeoth noaaeeth.
Iienaiea aecian i?ioeannia.
Aeey oiai, /oiau eiaoue /aoeia i?aaenoaaeaiea i oii, eaeea eiie?aoii
i?ioeannu aoaeoo iiaeaa?aaoueny eciaiaieyi e eaeei ia?acii i?e eciaiaiee
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, ioaeii eiaoue /aoeia oi?iaeueiia iienaiea
nouanoaothueo i?ioeannia. Aeaoaeueiinoue oaeiai iienaiey aeieaeia auoue
ia o?iaia eiioeaioeee i?ioeanna e iniiaiuo aai ninoaaeythueo, a oaeaea
aoiaeyueo e auoiaeyueo ?ano?nia. Iai?eia?, anee yoi i?ioeann ia?aaioee
caeacia, oi ioaeii nicaeaoue iauaa iienaiea i?ioeanna (n /aai
ia/eiaaony, ec /aai ninoieo e /ai caeai/eaaaony, a eaeia a?aiy
i?ienoiaeeo eaeay noaaeey yoiai i?ioeanna, eaeea ia?aiao?u nouanoaotho o
caeacia, iai?eia? oneiaey iieaou, eeannu caeac/eeia, eaoaai?ee oneoa e
i?iaeoeoia, n eaeeo neeaaeia inouanoaeythony ioa?ocee e o.ae.). I?eia?
oaeie noaiu i?eaaaeai a I?eeiaeaiee 1 (I?eai caeaca). I?e iienaiee
aecian i?ioeannia iiaeao ieacaoueny iieaciui nicaeaiea noai, iioiio /oi
iie iaaeyaeii iieacuaatho iniiaiua ninoaaeythuea i?ioeanna.
Iienaiea aecian i?ioeannia yaeyaony ia oieueei aacie, ii ioiioaieth e
eioi?ie aoaeao iaiyoueny i?ioeann, ii oaeaea iienaiea i?ioeannia
yaeyaony iaeei iaoaieciii ioeaiee aiciiaeiuo eciaiaiee e e?eoa?eai,
eioi?iio aeieaeia niioaaonoaiaaoue iiaay noaia eciaiaiiiai aecian –
i?ioeanna.
Iienaiea aecian – i?ioeannia inouanoaeyaony a naiii ia/aea i?iaeoa, a
?acoeueoao yoie noaaeee – iaee/ea naaaeaai nai?ieea aeieoiaioaoeee ii
i?ioeannai i?aaiecaoeee – yaeyaony oie eioi?iaoeeiiiie aacie, n
iiiiuueth eioi?ie oi?ie?oaony niaea?aeaiea eciaiaiee a oiaea i?iaeoa.
O?aieiae ii iiaie nenoaia (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe).
O?aieiae iaiaoiaeeiu a neo/aa, eiaaea iaiin?aaenoaaiiua o/anoieee
i?iaeoa ia ciaeiiu n nenoaiie. Aeey oiai, /oiau o o/anoieeia i?iaeoa
noi?ie?iaaeinue ii?aaeaeaiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i iiaie nenoaia,
i?eaeaoatho niaoeeaeenoia (yoi iiaoo auoue eae aiaoiea eiinoeueoaiou,
aoaeeoi?u eee ?ac?aaio/eee nenoaiu, oae e nio?oaeieee aeaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee, iai?eia? ec ae?oaiai oeeeaea, aaea nenoaia oaea
onoaiiaeaia).
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe a i?ioiaeaeaiee aeaoaeueiiai
o?aieiaa, oi anoue oaeiai o?aieiaa, eioi?ue aeano iieiia i?aaenoaaeaiea
i oii, eae nenoaia iiaeao ?aaioaoue a ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeeyo. Yoi
iauyniyaony oieeaeueiie niaoeeoeeie aecian – i?ioeannia eaaeaeie
i?aaiecaoeee, iaoneiaeaiiie aecian oaoiieiaeyie, niaoeeoeeie ?aaeiia eee
io?anee. O/anoieee i?iaeoa iiaoo i?ineooaoue eo?n ii aaciaie
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu n iauyniaieai oao i?eioeeiia iano?ieee oao
ia?aiao?ia (nenoaiiuo iano?iae), n iiiiuueth eioi?uo iiaeii nicaeaoue
iaiaoiaeeioth eio?ano?oeoo?o aeey inouanoaeaiey aecian – i?ioeannia.
Oaeoe/anee yoi icia/aao, /oi iniiaiie caaea/ae o/anoieeia i?iaeoa a
aeaeueiaeoai aoaeao iiaeaee?iaaiea aecian i?ioeannia i?aaiecaoeee,
i?e/ai iii aeieaeii auoue iniiaaii ia i?eioeeia oaeiaeaoai?aiey
iaiaoiaeeiuo iio?aaiinoae i?aaiecaoeee, a ia eniieueciaaiey
nouanoaothuee aiciiaeiinoae nenoaiu.
Oanoe?iaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu.
Iinea i?ioiaeaeaiey o?aieiaa o/anoieee i?iaeoa ia/eiatho oanoe?iaaoue
nenoaio. Oaeoe/anee yoi icia/aao ia/aei iiaeaee?iaaiey i?ioeannia a
nenoaia, niaea?aeaoaeueiui noa?aeiai eioi?iai neoaeeo oa aeieoiaioaoeey,
eioi?ay nicaeaaaeanue i?e iienaiee aecian – i?ioeannia. I?ienoiaeeo
i?iaa?ea aiciiaeiinoe nenoaiu ia?aaaouaaoue a naaa oo eioi?iaoeeth,
eioi?ay oee?eoee?oao a i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi i/aiue aaaeiue yoai, iioiio /oi
eiaiii caeanue caeeaaeuaaaony iniiaa oiai, /oi a aeaeueiaeoai aoaeao
iacuaaoueny nenoaiie aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee. Ana aeaeueiaeoea noaaeee
aoaeoo iai?yioth caaenaoue io yoie, a niaea?aeaiea yoeo noaaeee aoaeao
yaeyoueny i?iecaiaeiie io oiai, /oi aoaeao caeiaeaii ia aeaiiii o?iaia.
I?e oanoe?iaaiee nenoaiu nicaeaaony aeieoiaioaoeey ii iienaieth
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae nenoaiu, a oaeaea ia/eiatho
oi?ie?iaaoueny iaoiaee/aneea iaoa?eaeu, iienuaathuea, eae a nenoaia
auaeyaeeo oio eee eiie i?ioeann; a aeaeueiaeoai oaeay aeieoiaioaoeey
aoaeao eniieueciaaoueny iieueciaaoaeyie nenoaiu.
Oaeaea iaeiei ec eeth/aauo iiiaioia aaoi?o aeaeeony a oii, /oi eiaiii ia
aeaiiie noaaeee aeieaeiu i?iecieoe ana niaeaniaaiey n aoaeoueie
iieueciaaoaeyie nenoaiu e eo iaiaaeaea?aie ii i?eaieaiinoe aiciiaeiinoae
nenoaiu.
Iaiaoiaeeiua aei?aaioee.
A neo/aa, eiaaea iaia?oaeeaaaony, /oi nenoaia ia iicaieyao inouanoaeyoue
eaeie-ieaoaeue aaaeiue i?ioeann (eee a nenoaia ia nouanoaoao
iaiaoiaeeiiai i?eaieaiiai iaai?a io/aoiinoe), oi?ie?othony cai?inu ia
?ac?aaioeo aeiiieieoaeueiie ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe.
?ac?aaioea iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny eae aiaoieie niaoeeaeenoaie, oae e
aioo?aiieie. Aeaiiay noaaeey i?ienoiaeeo eae i?aaeei a ia?aeeaee n
i?aaeuaeouae e eiiaaea aeaaea n iineaaeothuae (iai?eia?, eiaaea
aei?aaioee ia iinyo nouanoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a e ia iiaoo iiiaoaoue
iao/aieth iieueciaaoaeae e aeaeueiaeoaio oanoe?iaaieth nenoaiu).
Ia aeaiiie noaaeee iiaeao eciaieoueny niaea?aeaiea i?iaeoa, i?e/ai eae a
noi?iio nie?auaiey /anoe aiaae?yaiie ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe, oae e a noi?iio
aa ?anoe?aiey, eioi?ia ai iiiaii yoi oaeaea caaeneo io athaeaeaoa
i?iaeoa.
Iao/aiea iieueciaaoaeae ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu.
Iinea oiai, eae ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu i?ioanoe?iaaia, iaiaoiaeeiua
aei?aaioee naeaeaiu, ianooiaao noaaeey, eioi?ay yaeyaony i?aethaeeae e
oeeoiaea nenoaiu. O/anoieee i?iaeoa ia/eiatho iao/aoue iieueciaaoaeae
?aaioa n nenoaiie. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii ia oieueei aeey oiai, /oiau iie
niiaee ea/anoaaiii i?ioanoe?iaaoue nenoaio e auaeaoue naie
?aeiiaiaeaoeee, ii oaeaea e aeey oiai, /oiau iie i?eaueee e nenoaia e
iao?aie?iaaeenue aeey aeaeueiaeoaai yooaeoeaiiai aeeth/aiey a ?aaioo n
iiaie nenoaiie (oae iacuaaaiue “training on the job”), a iioaioeeaeueii
aiciiaeiue iaaaoeaiue iano?ie ?anoai?eeny a eco/aiee aiciiaeiinoae
nenoaiu e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ?aaioa n iae.
Oanoe?iaaiea nenoaiu iieueciaaoaeyie.
Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi nenoaia oanoe?iaaeanue o/anoieeaie i?iaeoa, eae au
oi?ioi iie ia ?acae?aeenue a i?ioeannao i?aaiecaoeee, o
iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo o/anoieeia ?aai/eo i?ioeannia (aoaeoueo iieueciaaoaeae
nenoaiu) ?acaeoi ai?acaei aieaa aeaoaeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia yoeo
i?ioeannao. Iieueciaaoaee iiaoo ciaoue aeinoaoi/ii ?acee/iuo
“iiaeaiaeiuo eaiiae”, eioi?ua auyniythony oieueei /a?ac ii?aaeaeaiiia
a?aiy e eioi?ua i/aiue neiaeii o/anoue a iienaiee i?ioeannia ethaeyi,
eioi?ua ia o/anoaotho a i?ioeannao ia ?aaoey?iie aaeaaeiaaiie iniiaa.
Yoi iauyniyaony aua e oai, /oi neooaoeey a aeciana iinoiyiii iaiyaony,
iaiythony n iae e aecian – i?ioeannu, i?e/ai oaeea eciaiaiey iiaoo auoue
eae cia/eoaeueiuie, oae e niaa?oaiii iacaiaoiuie.
A oiaea oanoe?iaaiey i?iaa?yaony ea/anoai nenoaiu, aa iieiioa e
aioiaiinoue e aiaae?aieth. Caeanue iiiaia caaeneo io o/anoieeia i?iaeoa.
Iiae eo ioaaonoaaiiinoue iniaaiii aeieaeii iiianoue neaaeothuaa:
?ac?aaioea iaai?a noeaia?eaa oanoia aeey iieueciaaoaeae:
oanou, i?iaa?ythuea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu;
oanou, i?iaa?ythuea acaeiiaeaenoaea a nenoaia iaaeaeo ?aciuie ?aai/eie
a?oiiaie, /oi iai?yioth naycaii n oee?eoeyoeeae eioi?iaoeee ii nenoaia;
?ac?aaioea noeaia?eaa aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeoueny o/anoieeaie i?iaeoa,
iioiio /oi oieueei iie eiatho oae iacuaaaiue aeae naa?oo ia i?ioeannu,
i?e/ai aieaa aeaoaeueiue, /ai iaiaaeaea?u ?aai/eo a?oii, a iieueciaaoaee
eae i?aaeei ia eiatho oaeiai i?aaenoaaeaiey i i?ioeannao a oeaeii,
yaeyynue yenia?oaie a naiae iaeanoe;
ninoaaeaiea ?anienaiey (a?aoeea) oanoe?iaaiey – eiaaea eoi ec
iieueciaaoaeae aeieaeai i?ioanoe?iaaoue eaeie o/anoie
ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe; caeanue iniaia aieiaiea neaaeoao oaeaeeoue
niaeaniaaieth aeaiiiai ?anienaiey n iaiaaeaea?aie e eiio?ieth ca
aeenoeeieeiie neaaeiaaiey ?anienaieth (iioiio /oi o iieueciaaoaeae anoue
naie i?yiua iaycaiiinoe ii ?aaioa, iie aeey ieo eae i?aaeei yaeythony
ia?aii?ei?eoaoiuie ii ioiioaieth e oanoe?iaaieth iiaie nenoaiu, /oi
yaeyaony oai oaeoii, eioi?ue o?aaoao aeiiieieoaeueii aieiaiey ni noi?iiu
e o/anoieeia i?iaeoa, e iaiaaeaea?ia);
eco/aiea iiaiey iieueciaaoaeae i nenoaia, ianoaeaeaiey aa aiciiaeiinoae
e aeaoaeueiue aiaeec iaiaoiaeeiinoe a aeiiieieoaeueiuo aei?aaioeao;
i?iaaaeaiea oi?iaeueiie aooanoaoeee iieueciaaoaeae ii ciaieyi iiaie
nenoaiu e niiauaiea ?acoeueoaoia iaiaaeaea?ai eae iaeee iaoaieci
i?enaiaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee e iiaeaaaeaiey eoiaia ii aioiaiinoe
iieueciaaoaeae ii ?aaioa n nenoaiie.
Aaiae ?aaeueiuo aeaiiuo.
Iinea oiai, eae ana iaiaoiaeeiua aeaoaee ii ?aaioa nenoaiu niaeaniaaiu n
iieueciaaoaeyie, nenoaia i?eciaaony aioiaie e onoaiiaea, a oii
iaiaaeaeiaio i?eieiaao ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea i aiaae?aiee (oae
iacuaaaiia “go-no-go solution”), ia/eiaaony nai ia?aoiae n iaeiie
nenoaiu ia ae?oaoth.
Yoio ia?aoiae ia/eiaaony n aaiaea ?aaeueiuo aeaiiuo a iiaoth nenoaio.
Iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiui yaeyaony ia/aei aaiaea aeaiiuo
a ia?aeeaee n aaiaeii a noa?oth nenoaio (oioy aiciiaeai e aa?eaio
?aceiai ia?aoiaea, ii aai ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?iaiaeeoue oieueei eiaaea
ia?aoiae ia iiaoth nenoaio ia i?aaenoaaeyao iniaie neiaeiinoe, yaeyaony
noaiaea?oiui oi?ioi eco/aiiui ?aoaieai, n oniaoii i?eiaiyaiui ?aiaa).
Yoi o?aaoao aeiiieieoaeueiiai iai?yaeaiey ni noi?iiu iieueciaaoaeae,
iioiio /oi a oa/aiea eaeiai-oi a?aiaie ( aeaiue, iaaeaey eee aeaaea
aieueoa) ei i?eaeaony ?aaioaoue a aeaoo nenoaiao iaeiia?aiaiii aianoi
iaeiie. I?eaeaeaoue ethaeae ni noi?iiu ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony, iioiio /oi yoi
aei?iai, aeey yoeo ethaeae ioaeii i?iaanoe oi?ioee o?aieia (ianiio?y ia
eioi?ue aa?iyoiinoue ioeaie ana ?aaii aaeeea), /oi caieiaao a?aiy,
eioi?iai a eiioea i?iaeoa noaiiaeony eaoano?ioe/anee iaei.
Aaiae aeaiiuo (ana nenoaiiua iano?ieee aeieaeiu auoue oaea aaaaeaiu a
nenoaio ia noaaeee oanoe?iaaiey nenoaiu iieueciaaoaeyie) ia/eiaaony n
aaiaea oae iacuaaaiuo ianoa? – aeaiiuo:
caeac/eee, eo aae?ana, eiioaeoiua eeoea e o.ae.;
nienie i?iaeoeoia n iaiaoiaeeiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, oaeeie, eae
eiee/anoai oooe a ei?iaea, ?acia?u, aan, eiaeu e o.ae.;
oeaiu e neeaeee – eae ia i?iaeoeou (caeoii/iua e i?iaeaaeiua), oae e ia
ae?oaea oneoae (ia?aaicee, eiinoeueoaoeee, aeaiaaeiua ia?aaiaeu e
o.ae.);
neeaaeu, eo aae?ana, eiioaeoiua eeoea e o.ae.;
iinoaaueee, eo aae?ana, eiioaeoiua eeoea e o.ae.;
ae?oaea ia?oia?u (ia?aaic/eee, eiinoeueoaiou, aaiee e o.ae.);
o?ainii?o, oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoei (iauai, oei, iiia?a e o.ae.);
ae?oaia.
Caoai ia/eiay n ii?aaeaeaiiiai iiiaioa, eiaaea ana aaciaua aeaiiua
aaaaeaiu, a nenoaio ia/eiaao aaiaeeoueny ?aai/ay eioi?iaoeey,
niioaaonoaothuay aecian – i?ioeannai.
Yoi ia/eiaaony n aaiaea ia/aeueiuo aaeainia (eiee/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee ia
neeaaeao, n/aoa e iieaoa e n/aoa e iieo/aieth, e?aaeeoiue noaoon
caeac/eeia, ioe?uoua caeacu e o.ae.), eae i?aaeei a auoiaeiua aeie.
Iioii ia/eiay ni neaaeothuaai ?aai/aai aeiy ia/eiaaony ia?aeeaeueiue
aaiae aeaiiuo a aeaa nenoaiu – iiaoth e noa?oth.
Ia?aeeaeueiue aaiae aeaiiuo aeeeony aei oao ii?, iiea a iiaoth nenoaio
ia iinooieo any iaiaoiaeeiay eioi?iaoeey aeey ia/aea naiinoiyoaeueiie
(oi anoue aac iiiiue aeaiiuo a noa?ie nenoaia) ?aaiou – iai?eia?, eiaaea
ana ia ioa?oaeaiiua caeacu, eioi?ua nouanoaiaaee a noa?ie nenoaia, auee
eee aaaaeaiu a iiaoth, eee ioa?oaeaiu a noa?ie nenoaia e iiiaee a a?oea.
Ia?aoiae ia iiaoth nenoaio.
Ia?aoiae ia iiaoth nenoaio icia/aao i?ae?auaiea aaiaea aeaiiuo a noa?oth
nenoaio e ia/aei (i?iaeieaeaiea, anee ia?aoiae aue ieaaiui, eae yoi auei
iienaii auoa) aaiaea aeaiiuo oieueei a iiaoth nenoaio.
I?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaiou eiiaiaeu, ioaa/athuae ca eciaiaiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu, iiaeai? aa o/anoieeia e acaeiiioiioaiey n
i?aaiecaoeeae
Anee iiniio?aoue ia i?aaiecaoeeth, aiaea/aiioth a ?aaeecaoeeth e?oiiiai
i?iaeoa, oi oa aa /anoue, eioi?ay oae eee eia/a caaeaenoaiaaia a aeaiiue
i?iaeo, n?aaieia n aenaa?aii, o eioi?iai n ia?aiai acaeyaea aeaeia
oieueei iaeia o?aoue, a inoaeueiay /anoue ne?uoa iiae aiaeie. Oi/ii oae
aea i?e ia?aii ciaeiinoaa n oaeie i?aaiecaoeeae nia/aea aieiaiea
i?eaeaeaao oieueei eiiaiaea nio?oaeieeia, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?aaioathueo
iaae i?iaeoii, oi anoue naieo o/anoieeia i?iaeoa. Iaeiaei ii ia?a oiai
eae i?ienoiaeeo aieaa aeaoaeueiia eco/aiea acaeiiioiioaiee aioo?e
aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee, noaiiaeony aeaeii, /oi ia naiii aeaea a i?iaeo a
oie eee eiie noaiaie aiaea/aiu oaeaea e iiiaea ae?oaea nio?oaeieee
i?aaiecaoeee, a iaiin?aaenoaaiiua iaycaiiinoe eioi?uo aoiaeeo oaeouay
oi?aaeai/aneay eee iia?aoeaiay aeayoaeueiinoue, oi anoue iiaeaea?aeaiea
?ooeiiuo aecian – i?ioeannia i?aaiecaoeee. ?anniio?ei nia/aea no?oeoo?o
eiiaiaeu o/anoieeia i?iaeoa e acaeiiioiioaiey aioo?e eiiaiaeu, a caoai
ia?aeaeai ia ?anniio?aiea anae i?aaiecaoeee e acaeiiioiioaiee eiiaiaeu n
i?aaiecaoeeae a oeaeii (aaoi? niiaa i?aaeeiaeee au neiioeaio?e?iaaoueny
ia oaeeo oeiao eciaiaiee, eioi?ua oa?aeoa?ecothony aiaae?aieai iiaie
nenoaiu aianoa n io/oaeaeaieai noa?ie i?e n?aaeiai eee aieueoii ianooaaa
aiaea/aiey ?ano?nia, iioiio /oi eiaiii oaeea oeiu eciaiaiee iicaieytho
?anniao?eaaoue anth iiiaia?aiiinoue aii?inia, naycaiiuo n eciaiaieai
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu).
No?oeoo?a eiiaiaeu o/anoieeia i?iaeoa e acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie.
A eiiaiaea o/anoieeia ai ia?auo aeieaeai auoue iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa. A aai
iaycaiiinoe aoiaeeo ?oeiaiaenoai iaae i?iaeoii a oeaeii, ieaie?iaaiea
noaaeee i?iaeoa e io/aoiinoue ia?aae oii iaiaaeaeiaioii.
Neaaeothuaa caaii o/anoieeia i?iaeoa ninoaaeytho iaiaaeaea?u ioaeaeueiie
iaeanoe, a eioi?ie onoaiaaeeaaaony eioi?iaoeeiiiay nenoaia, iai?eia?
oeiainu e eiaenoeea (neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi anee i?iaeo ia o?aaoao
aieueoiai aiaea/aiey ?ano?nia, oi iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa iiaeao auiieiyoue
?iee iaiaaeaea?ia iaeanoae eee anao o/anoieeia i?iaeoa, a i?aaeeaaaaiay
noaia eeoue iienuaaao oo iaiaoiaeeioth no?oeoo?o, ia eioi?oth aeieaeii
iie?aoueny ?oeiaiaenoai i?e ii?aaeaeaiee i?eioeeiia iiaeai?a eiiaiaeu
o/anoieeia i?iaeoa). A oaniii nio?oaeie/anoaa n iaiaaeaea?aie ooieoeee
?aaioatho niaoeeaeenou ec a?oiiu eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee (IT). A
iaycaiiinoe iaiaaeaea?ia ioaeaeueiuo iaeanoae i?iaeoa, eee ooieoeee, a
aieueoae noaiaie aoiaeeo ?ac?aaioea o?aaiaaiee e nenoaia, oanoe?iaaiea
nenoaiu, aieaa aeaoaeueiia ieaie?iaaiea aioo?e eaaeaeie noaaeee e
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia iauaiea n nio?oaeieeaie i?aaiecaoeee. Ia nio?oaeieeia
IT aiceaaathony aieaa oaoie/aneea caaea/e ii oanoe?iaaieth nenoaiu e aa
ia?aiao?ia, iauaiea n ?ac?aaio/eeaie ii oaoie/aneei aii?inai,
oaoie/aneia ieaie?iaaiea (naycaiiia n oaoie/aneeie aeaoaeyie i?iaeoa) e
o.ae.
A e?oiiue i?iaeo i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe oaeaea iiaoo auoue aeeth/aiu
nio?oaeieee, aoiaeyuea a a?oiiu iaiaaeaea?ia i?iaeoa ii ooieoeeyi eee a
a?oiiu nio?oaeieeia IT, ioaa/athuea ca aieaa aeaoaeueiia auiieiaiea
eaaeaeie eiie?aoiie caaea/e eee eiiieaena caaea/.
Iinea oaeiai naiaai ?iaea iaoaienoe/aneiai iienaiey ?ieae, aiceaaaaiuo
ia o/anoieeia i?iaeoa (eae oiiieiaeinue ?aiaa, iiaeiaiua ?iee aeieaeiu
auoue ?anienaiu a ia/aeueiii ieaia i?iaeoa; eae auaea?aeea ec ?aaeueiiai
ia/aeueiiai ieaia i?iaeoa oaeia iienaiea i?eaaaeaii a i?eeiaeaiee 2)
aaoi? n/ae iaiaoiaeeiui ioiaoeoue iaeii aaaeiia caia/aiea. Iineieueeo
eaaeaeue i?iaeo, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia/oi, eioi?ia iiaeii
ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae eiathuaa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe e
oeaio?iaaaeiia no?aieaiea e ?acaeoeth, ?acoeueoaoii /aai ia
iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiue ia?eiae a ethaie iiiaio a?aiaie iiaeao noaoue iaeay
no?oeoo?a, ii naiei oieeaeueiui oa?aeoa?enoeeai noiaeay n ?aaeueiuie
aeeciaiiuie neooaoeeyie, oi i/aiue aaaeii ia oionoeoue ec aeaeo
iaoi?iaeueiua noi?iiu ?aai/eo acaeiiioiioaiee o/anoieeia i?iaeoa. E
oaeei iaoi?iaeueiui noi?iiai acaeiiioiioaiee iai?yioth ioiineony
niaianoiay ?aaioa iaae aieueoeinoaii aii?inia ii i?iaeoo. Eiaiii
eiiaiaeiay ?aaioa ioee/aao aieueoeinoai i?iaeoia, i?e/ai ia a?aiy
nouanoaiaaiey i?iaeoa i?ienoiaeeo oi?ie?iaaiea iaaeooieoeeiiaeueiuo
a?oii, /oi iicaieyao eiiieaenii iiaeoiaeeoue e ?aoaieth i?iaeai a
?acee/iuo iaeanoyo aeayoaeueiinoe. A i?ioeanna i?iaeoa auiieiaiea caaea/
/anoi ia aeaeeony iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie (IT ioaa/aao ca oaoie/aneea
caaea/e, a iaiaaeaea? ii ooieoeee – ca aecian – i?ioeannu), iaiai?io,
o/anoieee aianoa ?aaioatho iaae auiieiaieai eaaeaeie caaea/e, /oi
caieiaao aieueoa a?aiaie, ii iicaieyao o/anoue ai?acaei aieueoa
ithainia, au?aaioaoue iauiinoue acaeyaeia, aeinoe/ue “neia?ae/aneiai”
yooaeoa e e oiio aea iino?ieoue oaeoth no?oeoo?o, a eioi?ie iaeei
nio?oaeiee iiaeao caiaieoue ae?oaiai a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe.
Acaeyae ia i?aaiecaoeeth a ia?eiae ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa.
Iinea oiai, eae oii iaiaaeaeiaio i?eieiaao ?aoaiea i ia/aea i?iaeoa e
oi?ie?oao eiiaiaeo, a no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee eee ii e?aeiae ia?a oie aa
/anoe, eioi?ay oae eee eia/a aoaeao cao?iiooa a i?ioeanna i?iaeoa e aai
?aaeecaoeee, ia/eiatho i?ienoiaeeoue eciaiaiey. Aeaiiua eciaiaiey
caeeth/athony a oii, /oi a nayce n i?iaeoii ia oiia ?ooeiiuo i?ioeannia
auaeaeyaony iiaay oi?ia i?aaiecaoeee ethaeae, eioi?ua ieacuaathony
aiaea/aiiuie a i?iaeo.
Anee ?anniio?aoue i?aaeiacia/aiea anaai i?iaeoa iiae oaeii oao
?acoeueoaoia, eioi?ua i?iaeo aeieaeai auaeaoue, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
ia?a?aaioaa iaeea ?ano?nu e eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?ay auea ia aoiaea, oi
niiauanoai ethaeae, i?eieiathueo o/anoea a yoii i?ioeanna, e eo
acaeiiioiioaiey iiaeii iienaoue neaaeothuei ia?acii.
A i?iaeoa i?eieiatho o/anoea neaaeothuea a?oiiu ethaeae (?en 4.1.), ?iee
eioi?uo aoaeoo iienaiu /ooue ieaea:
Oii iaiaaeaeiaio
Iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa
O/anoieee i?iaeoa
Eeth/aaua ?ano?nu
Iaiaaeaea?u eeth/aauo ?ano?nia
Iieueciaaoaee
Iaiaaeaea?u iieueciaaoaeae
?en 4.1. A?oiiu ethaeae, i?eieiathueo o/anoea a i?iaeoa.
?anniio?ei aieaa aeaoaeueii eaaeaeoth ec a?oii.
Iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa e o/anoieee i?iaeoa ianoo iniiaioth iaa?oceo ii
aiaeeco eioi?iaoeee e i?aia?aciaaieth aa a o?aaoaiue ?acoeueoao. A
i?iaeoa ii eciaiaieth eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu aeaiiua ethaee
aiaeece?otho aiciiaeiinoe inouanoaeaiey aecian – i?ioeannia a iiaie
nenoaia. Ai iiiaii eo aeayoaeueiinoue caeeth/aaony a iiaeaee?iaaiee
i?ioeannia a nenoaia (eioi?ay a aeaiiii iiieiaiee yaeyaony iaeie aacie,
ii eioi?ie no?iyony i?ioeannu). Iaeiaei nai aeecaei iiaie nenoaiu
caaeaaony o?aaiaaieyie, eioi?ua i?aaeuyaeythony e nenoaia ni noi?iiu
anao caeioa?aniaaiiuo nio?oaeieeia. Caeanue aaoi? niciaoaeueii ia
?anienuaaao a?oiiu ethaeae, eioi?ua iiaoo iiaeeyoue ia o?aaiaaiey e
nenoaia, iioiio /oi aiciiaeiinoue iiaeeyoue ia o?aaiaaiey e nenoaia
aeieaeia auoue o eaaeaeiai nio?oaeieea, iioiio /oi ia?aaeei aeaaea
neo/aeiua eaeae, auneacaiiua /aeiaaeii, eioi?ue ia eiaao i?yiiai
ioiioaiey e i?ioeanno, iiaoo ?acaeoueny a cia/eoaeueiua eciaiaiey,
eioi?ua iiaoo iiaea/ue ca niaie oeo/oaiey i?ioeannia eee ieieiecaoeeth
?ano?nia, caaeaenoaiaaiiuo a i?ioeannao i?aaiecaoeee (yoi iiaeao
i?iecieoe io oiai, /oi ethaee, iuoeaiea eioi?uo ia naycaii onoiyaoeieny
noaiaie a eaeie-oi iaeanoe, ai?acaei eaa/a iiaoo aueoe ca a?aieoeu,
aeeeoothueany aeaiiuie noaiaie – oae iacuaaaiue yooaeo “thinking out of
the box”).
?acoeueoaoii aeayoaeueiinoe aeaiiie a?oiiu yaeyaony aiaae?aiiay a
onoaiiaeaiiua n?iee (e aac iioa?ue ea/anoaa ?aaiou i?e aiaae?aiee)
nenoaia, oaeiaeaoai?ythuay o?aaiaaieyi, i?aaeuyaeaiiui e yoie nenoaia.
Eeth/aaua ?ano?nu – yoi nio?oaeieee, iaeaaeathuea yenia?oiuie ciaieyie a
iaeanoe naieo aecian – i?ioeannia. Eo iauaiea n o/anoieeaie i?iaeoa
no?ieony ia ia?aaea/a o/anoieeai i?iaeoa naieo ciaiee i i?ioeannao
i?aaiecaoeee e ieacaiee eiinoeueoaoeee ii anai aii?inai, oiieinoyi e
aiciiaeiui neooaoeeyi, naycaiiui n i?ioeannaie a i?aaiecaoeee.
Oaeoe/anee eeth/aaua ?ano?nu ea?atho ?ieue o?aineyoi?ia eioi?iaoeee i
oaeoueo i?ioeannao, eioi?ay ia?aaeaaony ethaeyi i?aia?acothuei yoe
i?ioeannu a iiaua.
?ieue iaiaaeaea?ia eeth/aauo ?ano?nia caeeth/aaony a auaeaeaiee
eeth/aauo ?ano?nia, niaeaniaaiee noaiaie eo caiyoinoe ii i?iaeoo n
o/anoieeaie i?iaeoa (a iniiaiii n iaiaaeaea?aie ooieoeee i?iaeoa) e
eiio?iea ca i?aaeeueiinoueth iiaeoaenoa ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee. Iiae
iiaeoaenoii eiaaony a aeaeo iai?aaeaiiinoue eioi?iaoeee, auaeaeaiea
iniiaiuo aeieia e iiae i?ioeannia, iinoaiiaea aeoeaioia ia oo eee eioth
aeaoaeue, eioi?ie n oi/ee c?aiey iaiaaeaea?ia neaaeoao oaeaeeoue iniaia
aieiaiea.
Iieueciaaoaee – yoi oa ethaee, eioi?ua aoaeoo ?aaioaoue a nenoaia iinea
aa aiaae?aiey. Eiaiii eo aiaeec e oanoe?iaaiea nenoaiu i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie i?iaa?eo nenoaiu ia ea/anoai. Yoe ethaee (ia?aaeei iie aea e
yaeythony eeth/aauie ?ano?naie) iiiiaatho o/anoieeai i?iaeoa
ii?aaeaeeoue oa ecuyiu, eioi?ua nouanoaotho a nenoaia, iiiiaatho
iiaeaee?iaaoue i?ioeannu n oi/ee c?aiey i?eaieaiiai ?acoeueoaoa e
i?aaeinoaaeytho naia yenia?oiia caeeth/aiea i ?aaioa nenoaiu a oeaeii.
Iaiaaeaea?u iieueciaaoaeae – yoi ethaee, eioi?ua iieo/atho
iaiin?aaenoaaiioth auaiaeo io aiaae?aiey nenoaiu. A ea/anoaa oeo/oaiee
iiaeii i?eaanoe ianeieueei iaaeyaeiuo i?eia?ia:
nie?auaiea eiee/anoaa naieo nio?oaeieeia eee o?aaoaiiai a?aiaie ia
?aaioo n nenoaiie e n i?ioeannaie,
oi?iuaiea iioiea eioi?iaoeee – iai?eia? i?ae?auaiea iiaeaioiaee
aeiiieieoaeueiuo io/aoia aeey ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo a ae?oaoth a?oiio e
ia/aei eniieueciaaoue aeey yoeo oeaeae ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu,
aaoiiaoecaoeey iaeioi?uo aeai?eoiia aeaenoaee – iai?eia? aaoiiaoe/aneay
i?iaa?ea ia iaee/ea oiaa?a ia neeaaea eee aaoiiaoe/aneee e?aaeeoiue
eiio?ieue,
nicaeaiea yeaeo?iiiie nayce iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie caaiueyie i?ioeannia –
iai?eia? eioaa?aoeey neeaaea a eioi?iaoeeiiioth nenoaio,
aeiiieieoaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe io/aoiinoe aeey iia?aoeaiie eee
aiaeeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe,
e o.ae.
A caaea/e iaiaaeaea?ia aoiaeeo oi?ie?iaaiea o?aaiaaiee e iiaie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia. Oi?ie?iaaiea o?aaiaaiee iniiauaaaony ia
i?aaenoaaeaiee iaiaaeaea?ia i aecian – i?ioeannao a oeaeii, ciaiee i
aiciiaeiinoyo oeo/oaiey i?ioeannia. Caeanue ioaeii iiae/a?eiooue
aaaeiinoue niaianoiie ?aaiou iaiaaeaea?ia e o/anoieeia i?iaeoa, iniaaiii
iaiaaeaea?ia ii ooieoeeyi. Niaianoiue aiaeec oeo/oaiee e nenoaiiuo
aiciiaeiinoae e yoiio yaeyaony eeth/aaui oaeoi?ii oniaoa i?iaeoa.
Oii iaiaaeaeiaio inouanoaeyao iauee eiio?ieue ca oiaeii i?iaeoa.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi noa?a aeeyiey oii iaiaaeaeiaioa ioiineony ei
anaio, /oi eiaao ioiioaiea e i?iaeoo. Iineieueeo oii iaiaaeaeiaio
ioaa/aao ca i?aaiecaoeeth a oeaeii, oi a aai eioa?anu aoiaeyo ana
ninoaaeythuea i?iaeoa:
i?aaeeueiia oi?ie?iaaiea aaiaeiuo aeaiiuo a i?iaeo (caeanue ca ea/anoai
aeaiiuo ioaa/atho iaiaaeaea?u eeth/aauo ?ano?nia e o/anoieee i?iaeoa, a
iiaeoiae e onoaiiaeaieth i?aaeeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee i?e oaeii
nio?oaeie/anoaa aeieaeai noi?ie?iaaoue eiaiii oii iaiaaeaeiaio aeey
ecaaaeaiey eiioeeeoia a ?ani?aaeaeaiee ?ano?nia e ?ieae),
i?aaeeueiia oi?ie?iaaiea o?aaiaaiee e nenoaia (a nouiinoe i?e i?eiyoee
?aoaiey ia onoaiiaea iiaie nenoaiu oii iaiaaeaeiaio oaea eiaao
caeeth/aiey naieo nio?oaeieeia i oao aeaeaaiuo eciaiaieyo, eioi?ua
aeieaeiu i?iecieoe i?e niaia nenoaiu, a caaea/e oii iaiaaeaeiaioa
aoiaeeo i?aaeeueiay ?annoaiiaea aeoeaioia a niioaaonoaee ni naiei
aeaeaieai i?ioeannia; oii iaiaaeaeiaio oi?ie?oao naiaai ?iaea caaea/e,
eee oeaee ioiineoaeueii i?ioeannia, a niiniau ?aaeecaoeee yoeo oeaeae n
iiiiuueth iiaie nenoaiu aiceaaathony ia iaiaaeaea?ia iieueciaaoaeae e
o/anoieeia i?iaeoa, eae oiiieiaeinue ?aiaa),
e i?aaeeueiia oi?aaeaiea i?iaeoii (iineieueeo a eiia/iii n/aoa eiaiii
oii iaiaaeaeiaio caeioa?aniaai aeinoeaeaiee oeaeae i?iaeoa, ii aeieaeai
inouanoaeyoue iiaeaea?aeeo i?e ethauo ineiaeiaieyo, aoaeue oi
eiioeeeoiua neooaoeee a i?aaiecaoeee, naycaiiua n i?iaeoii, eee
iaiaoiaeeiinoue auaeaeeoue aeiiieieoaeueiua n?aaenoaa e ?ano?nu ia
i?iaeo, eee eciaiaiey a n?ieao i?iaeoa e ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu, eee
eaeea-oi ae?oaea neo/ae; anee niio?aoue ia i?iaeo n oi/ee c?aiey
iaiaaeaea?a i?iaeoa, oi a aai i?ei?eoaoiua iaycaiiinoe aeieaeii
aoiaeeoue naiaa?aiaiiia eioi?ie?iaaiea oii iaiaaeaeiaioa e ae?oaeo
nio?oaeieeia, eiathueo ioiioaiea e i?iaeoo, ia ioeeiiaieyo io
ia?aiia/aeueiuo ieaiia i?iaeoa e anao ineiaeiaieyo).
E a caeeth/aiea ?anniio?ei i?aaiecaoeeth e oeiu nia?aiee, eioi?ua iiaoo
auoue n?aaenoaii oi?iaeeciaaiiiai iauaiey iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie a?oiiaie,
i?eieiathueie o/anoea a i?iaeoa. Aeey yoiai ia?aoeiny e oaaeeoea,
eioi?ay aeano aieaa aeaoaeueii i?aaenoaaeaiea i oao nia?aieyo, eioi?ua
iiaoo auoue iieaciuie i?e ?aaioa n i?iaeoii.
Oei nia?aiey Oeaeue O/anoieee ?aaoey?iinoue Niaea?aeaiea nia?aiey
Ia/aeueiia nia?aiea Iauyaeoue i ia/aea i?iaeoa e aai aaaeiinoe Oii
iaiaaeaeiaio, iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa, o/anoieee i?iaeoa, caeioa?aniaaiiua
ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaiaaeaea?u 1 ?ac a ia/aea i?iaeoa, aeaeaa i?e cia/eiuo
eciaiaieyo a i?iaeoa Iauyaeaiea i caionea i?iaeoa
Nia?aiey ?oeiaiaenoaa e o/anoieeia i?iaeoa Ianoaeeoue oaeouee noaoon
i?iaeoa e niaeaniaaoue aeaeueiaeoea ieaiu Oii iaiaaeaeiaio, iaiaaeaea?
i?iaeoa, o/anoieee i?iaeoa A caaeneiinoe io aeeeoaeueiinoe i?iaeoa: 1
?ac a iaaeaeth, ianyoe Ianoaeaeaiea oaeouaai noaoona i?iaeoa, eciaiaiee
a i?iaeoa, i?iaeai, niaeaniaaiea n oii iaiaaeaeiaioii aai iiaeaea?aeee
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
Ieaie?iaaiea neaaeothueo noaaeee Aeaoaeueii nieaie?iaaoue e niaeaniaaoue
aeaeueiaeoea ?aaiou ii i?iaeoo Iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa, o/anoieee i?iaeoa I?e
i?eaeeaeaiee caaa?oaiey i/a?aaeiie noaaeee ?ac?aaioea e niaeaniaaiea
ieaiia e auyaeaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo i?iaeai
Niaeaniaaiea o?aaiaaiee e nenoaia Niaeaniaaoue o?aaiaaiey e nenoaia
O/anoieee i?iaeoa, iaiaaeaea?u iieueciaaoaeae A ia/aea i?iaeoa, i?e
aiciiaeiuo eciaiaieyo a ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe onoaiaaeeaaaiie nenoaiu
Ianoaeaeaiea o?aaiaaiee ii i?ioeannai, aiaeec aiciiaeiinoe oaoie/aneie
?aaeecaoeee aeaiiuo o?aaiaaiee a nenoaia, iiene aeueoa?iaoeaiuo ?aoaiee
Ano?a/e n iieueciaaoaeyie Niaeaniaaoue oaeouee noaoon, aeaeueiaeoea
ieaiu e aiaea/aiiinoue iieueciaaoaeae Iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa, o/anoieee
i?iaeoa,
iieueciaaoaee, iaiaaeaea?u iieueciaaoaeae I?e i?eaeeaeaiee oanoe?iaaiey
e caionea nenoaiu, eiaaea iaiaoiaeeii aiaea/aiea iieueciaaoaeae
Eioi?ie?iaaiea i oaeouai noaoona, iauyaeaiea i ia/aea oanoe?iaaiey, ia
o/anoee a ia?aoiaea ia nenoaio, i ethauo eciaiaieyo a ieaiao
Aoaeeoi?neea ioeaiee (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe) Ioeaieoue iaaeaaeiinoue e
ea/anoai nenoaiu Iaiaaeaea? i?iaeoa, o/anoieee i?iaeoa,
aoaeeoi?u, iieueciaaoaee I?e i?eaeeaeaiee caionea nenoaiu I?iaaaeaiea
i?iaa?ee iaaeaaeiinoe e ea/anoaa nenoaiu
I?eeiaeaiea 1.
I?eai caeaca.
I?eai caeaca:
Caeac i?eieiaaony ii:
Yeaeo?iiiie ii/oa
Oaeno
Oaeaoiio
Oeiu caeacia: 22 iaeeaoiua, 33 iaeeaoiua a/i, ae/ae aaaiiu eee
eiioaeia?u
Oeiu o?ainii?oe?iaee:
Aeinoaaea o?ainii?oii eiiiaiee
Naiiauaic
I?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ei??aeoe?iaee caeaca – iia?aoi? caiieo caeac/eeo e
niaeaniauaaao eciaiaiey a caeaca
Aaiae caeaca a nenoaio:
Caeac (caaieiaie):
Iieoiaoaeue
Iiia? caeaca
O?aaoaiay aeaoa aeinoaaee
Aeaoa ia?aaioee caeaca
Aeaoa aeaenoaey i?aeneo?aioa
Caeac (no?i/ee):
Eiae oiaa?a
Eie-ai ei?iaie
Aaeeieoea ecia?aiey (ei?iaea)
Caeac o?ainoi?ie?oaony a Iinoaaeo:
Iinoaaea (caaieiaie):
Iieo/aoaeue
? iinoaaee
Aan iinoaaee
Aeaoa ioa?ocee (i?aaeeaaaaony nenoaiie)
Iinoaaea (no?i/ee):
Eiae oiaa?a
Eie-ai ei?iaie
Aaeeieoea ecia?aiey (ei?iaea)
E?aaeeoiue eiio?ieue (?ac?aoaiea/ aeiee?iaea/ eciaiaiea caeaca) e
i?iaa?ea ia iaee/ea oiaa?a (oiaa? anoue/ oiaa?a iao ( eciaiaiea caeaca)
inouanoaeythony nenoaiie
N?aaiaiea caeaca e eciaiaiiiai caeaca: aaia?e?iaaiea io/aoa ia ioeacao
Ieii/aoaeueiia niaeaniaaiea caeaca i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe:
Eciaiaiey niaeaniauaathony ii oaeaoiio
Iia?aoi? iiaeoaa?aeaeaao caeac
Caeac/eeo niiauaaony iiia? caeaca e noiia e iieaoa
O?ainii?oiay a?oiia niaeaniauaaao aeinoaaeo oiaa?a
Io/ao i caeacao e ioa?ocea
Caeac ia ia?aaiceo
Aaiae o?ainii?oiuo aeaiiuo a nenoaio
?ania/aoea caeaca
Oi?ie?iaaiea iiaeai?ee caeaca a nenoaia aeey neeaaea:
Caaieiaie:
Iieo/aoaeue
? iinoaaee
Aeaoa ioa?ocee
Iauee aan
No?i/ee:
Neeaae
Eaia?a
Oiaa?
Eiee/anoai
Aaeeieoea ecia?aiey (ei?iaee)
Iiaeia?aiiia eiee/anoai
Aaeeieoea ecia?aiey (ei?iaee)
Nio?aiaiea eciaiaiee
?aciinea (iino)
Ioi?ieaiea e ?ania/aoea n/aoa
Aaia?e?iaaiea io/aoa ia ioe?uouo caeacao
Aaia?e?iaaiea io/aoa i ?ac?aoaiiuo caeacao
I?eeiaeaiea 2. Auaea?aeea ec ia/aeueiiai ieaia i?iaeoa.
Project Organisation
Project Sponsor
Person A F&A Manager Russia
Person B Logistics Manager Russia
Other Board Members
Person C IT Manager Russia
Steering Team
Person D
Person E
Person F
Person G
Project Manager
Person H IT Project Manager
Project Team
IT: Person I IT Analyst
Person J IT Analyst
F&A: Person K F&A Clerk
Logistics: Person L Logistics Project Manager
Logistics: Person M Logistics Project Assistant
Warehouse: Person N Warehouse Manager
Local Resources
Logistics: Person O Logistics Development Manager
Person P OSB Manager
Person Q Moscow Distribution Manager
Person R Deployment Manager
Person S Moscow WH&Transport Manager
Person T Supply Planning Manager
Person U Customs Manager
Warehouses: Person V Warehouse “A”
Person W Warehouse “B”
Person X Warehouse “C”
F&A: Person Y Accounting Manager
Person Z GL Supervisor
Person AA Banking Manager
Person AB Profit Forecaster
IT: Person AC Corporate Support Services Manager (I&TS)
Person AD Warehouse Systems Engineer
Person AE Finance Systems Analyst
Person AF Finance Systems Analyst
Person AG System Administrator
External Resources
SAP R/3 RSG
EMEA Implementation Support Team
SAP Consult C.I.S.
Stakeholders
F&A analysis
Sales Department
Marketing Department
Platinum RSG
Key Roles and Responsibilities:
Project Board:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Allocate and make funds and resources
available;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Communicate to Project Manager all
environmental and business changes that impact the project;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Confirm business and technical
requirements;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Confirm assumptions;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Resolve key issues as identified;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Review and approve overall project
plan and schedules;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Manage effort against priorities;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Review progress and communicate to
business partners and appropriate MSD people;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Review and authorize project exception
plans, if applicable;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Meets monthly (or as issues arise) to
review project progress.
Project Manager:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Develop and manage overall critical
path schedule for the effort;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Coordinate the effort of people and
develop roles/expectations for people working on the team;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Identify and obtain required
resources;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Insure proper approvals for business
and technical solutions;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Resolve or escalate issues to Project
Board and/or Steering Team as needed;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Communicate the impact on the
Stakeholders;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Interfaces with other key MS projects
impacting SAP R/3 project and ensure compatibility;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Host and work with RSG resources;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Meets monthly (or as issues arise)
with Project Board to report project progress;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Meet with team be-weekly (or as issues
arise) and prepare meeting notes;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Be trained on FI, CO, SD and MM
modules.
Business Team Members:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Formalize business requirements of
their organizations;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Together with PM and MS TMs develop
compromise business solutions in case of conflicting business
requirements;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Ensure the implementation of changes
in business process is properly communicated to their organizations;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Coordinate business testing and
Quality Assurance in their organizations;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Recommend resources from their
organizations for each stage;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Escalate issues to Project Manager as
needed;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Be trained on FI, CO, SD and MM
modules.
MS Team Members:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h By help of Business TMs map business
processes into system in a way that ensures feasibility of technical
realization;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Provide technical solutions;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Ensure compliance with global
standards;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Initiate the development/approval of
alternative business solution if the initial one is not technically
feasible;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Escalate issues to Project Manager as
needed;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Be trained on FI, CO, SD and MM
modules.
Key Business Resources:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Present business requirements for
their organization to the project;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Liaise and reconcile business
requirements with Key Business Resources from other organizations;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Assist in the collective
prioritization of business requirements;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Review the major deliverables of the
project;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Communicate plans, progress, status,
expectations, etc. for the project back to their organizations;
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Inform PM about their unavailability.
Key MS Resources:
SYMBOL 183 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Will be involved in order to ensure
smooth transition from Platinum to SAP and engaged in some specific
tasks
PAGE 26
SAP R/3 Implementation in P&G Russia PAGE 29
filename Kursovik1.doc , last update savedate \@ “dd/MM/yy HH:mm”
18/01/99 13:45
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