NIAeA?AEAIEA
Aaaaeaiea. 3
1 Iauay /anoue. 7
1.1 Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioee no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa a i?aaei?eyoee.
7
1.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae».
37
2 Aiaeeoe/aneay /anoue. 60
2.1 Caaea/e e enoi/ieee aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey. 60
3 I?iaeoiay /anoue. 66
3.1 ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa a IAI «?iaaineii
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuai caaiaea».
66
Caeeth/aiea 87
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u 91
AAAAeAIEA
?aaeeeaeueiay ?aoi?ia oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia – iaeei ec ?aaeueiuo
iooae auoiaea iaoaai iauanoaa ec e?eceniiai ninoiyiey, iaiiaeaiey ia
oieueei yeiiiie/aneie, ii e anae iauanoaaiiie aeecie. N ?aoi?iie
iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiu oaeaea aeoeaecaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe a noa?a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee, niaa?oainoaiaaiea e ?anoe?aiea
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae, iaiaauaiea i?iecaiaenoaa aeinoeaeaieyie
oai?ee e i?aeoeee ie?iaiai iiuoa.
Niaia eiiaiaeii-aaeieieno?aoeaiie yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu, ia?aoiae e
iiaiio iniiaaiiiio ia i?aeiouanoaaiii yeiiiie/aneeo iaoiaeao, iaoaiecio
oicyenoaiaaiey i?aaeiieaaaao niaio «?uiea i?iaeaaoea» (o.a.
i?iecaiaeeoaey) ia «?uiie iieoiaoaey» (o.a. iio?aaeoaey).
I?e oaeie nenoaia ii?aaeaeythuoth ?ieue ea?aao ia noieueei iaee/ea
oiaa?ia, a aeaaiui ia?acii eo ea/anoai, aunieea iio?aaeoaeueneea
naienoaa. E i?iecaiaeeoaeth yoa nenoaia i?aaeuyaeyao aeanoeia o?aaiaaiea
aunieie yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iiaaeoeo aeinoeaeaiee IOI.
A oneiaeyo i?eaioaoeee yeiiiieee Oe?aeiu ia ?acaeoea ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi ?uii/iay eiieo?aioeey o?aaoao aieueoiai
aieiaiey e oaeei noa?ai, eae ?aaeecaoeey e nauo i?iaeoeoeee. I?e yoii
aeaaiui yaeyaony niiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey aeaoue iio?aaeoaeth oiaa?
aieaa aunieiai ea/anoaa eee iaeaaeathuee eaeeie-oi iiauie naienoaaie ca
oo aea oeaio, i?e oao aea ecaea?aeeao i?iecaiaenoaa.
A ?aaoee?iaaiee ?uii/iie yeiiiieee ia?iiiia cia/aiea eiaao ia?eaoeia,
o.a. aeayoaeueiinoue iai?aaeaiiay ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae
iieoiaoaeae iin?aaenoaii iaiaia. Ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue
?aciiia?acia e aeeth/aao ?aoaiea i?aeoe/anee anao oicyenoaaiiuo
aii?inia, naycaiiuo n ?ac?aaioeie, i?iecaiaenoaii e iineai?iaeaaeiui
ianeoaeeaaieai ?uiea. Iia aeieaeia ia/eiaoueny n aeoaieiai enneaaeiaaiey
?uiea e aai aiciiaeiinoae.
Oaia «?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee «yaeyaony
aeooaeueiie oaiie aeey i?aaei?eyoey.
Iauai?eciaiiui yaeyaony iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi a oneiaeyo ?acaeoiai ?uiea
?ac?aaioea e i?eiaiaiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe – iaeia
ec aaaeiaeoeo ooieoeee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?aaei?eyoee aunoaai caaia.
No?aoaaey – yoi aaia?aeueiay i?ia?aiia aeaenoaee, auyaeythuay i?ei?eoaou
i?iaeai e ?ano?nu aeey aeinoeaeaiey aeaaiie oeaee.
No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa caeeth/aaony a i?eaaaeaiee, aiciiaeiinoae
i?aaei?eyoey a niioaaonoaea n neooaoeeae ia ?uiea, oi anoue aioo?aiithth
n?aaeo – n aiaoiae n?aaeie.
No?aoaaee iiaeao auoue iiiai, aeaaiia – aua?aoue iiaeoiaeyuoth aeey
eaaeaeiai ?uiea e eaaeaeiai oiaa?a, /oiau iia ioaa/aea o?aaiaaieyi
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa:
niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u;
oaaee/aiea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe (i?iieeiiaaiea ia iiaue ?uiie; aaaaeaiea
iiaiai oiaa?a ia noa?ue ?uiie; i?iieeiiaaiea ia iiaua naaiaiou ?uiea);
oiaiueoaiea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe (i?ae?auaiea i?iaeaaee oiaa?ia,
ia?anoaaoeo aeaaaoue caaeaiioth i?eaueue ia aeaiiii ?uiea; naa?ouaaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa oauoi/iiai oiaa?a; ooiae n iaeioi?uo ?uieia e
eiioeaio?aoeey oneeee ia iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiuo ?uieao);
i?aaiecaoeey niaianoiiai i?aaei?eyoey a Oe?aeia.
I?e auai?a no?aoaaee iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue neaaeothuea oaeoi?u:
naaiaioaoeey ?uieia, ia eioi?uo ?aaioaao i?aaei?eyoea, aeieaeia auoue
i?iecaaaeaia oae, /oiau naaiaiou ia ?aciuo ?uieao oa?aeoa?eciaaeenue a
iauai iaeeiaeiaie ?aaeoeeae ia ?aeeaio, i?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a e ae?oaea
ia?eaoeiaiaua aeaenoaey;
auai? iioeiaeueiiai naaiaioa aeieaeai i?iecaiaeeoueny, enoiaey ec
iaania/aiey i?aaei?eyoeth aiciiaeii aieaa iieiiai eeaea?noaa
(aeinoaoi/iay aieinoue, aeaaii?eyoiua ia?niaeoeau, ieieiaeueiay eee
aeaaea ioeaaay eiieo?aioeey, oaeiaeaoai?aiea iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiuo
iio?aaiinoae;
niinia auoiaea ia ?uiie n iiaui oiaa?ii aeieaeai iaeaieaa iieii
ioaa/aoue iio?aaeoaeueiui naienoaai ecaeaeey e aieinoe ?uiea,
io?aaeaoue /oanoaaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoey e aai ?aiooaoeeth, a oaeaea
ianooaa iio?aaiinoe a oiaa?a;
i?e auai?a ia?eaoeiaiauo n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia iioaioeeaeueiiai
iieoiaoaey, neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi oeaia eae oaeoi? i?eaea/aiey
aieiaiey e oiaa?o noaaeony nae/an ii cia/eiinoe ia 3 ianoi n?aaeu
ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia;
iaiaoiaeeii aieiaoaeueii auae?aoue a?aiy auoiaea ia ?uiie n iiaui aeey
iaai oiaa?ii e ia caauaaoue i ?aeeaiie iiaeaioiaea: iao niunea
auoiaeeoue ia ?uiie a ia?eiae iaaeaaii?eyoiie eiiutheoo?u, anee
i?aaei?eyoea ia i?aneaaeoao aeaeaei eaeoueo oeaeae e ia aioiaeo naaa
iieoiaoaeae, i?aaeaeaey ia?eiae iaeeaeaiey ni?ina.
Ieaie?iaaiea – yoi iniiaa aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.
Oaeoeea ia?eaoeiaa ?ac?aaaouaaaony enoiaey ec no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae ia
aiae-iieoi?a e ?aaoey?ii iiaeaa?aaaony ?aaecee, e anee iaiaoiaeeii –
ei??aeoeee. N o/aoii ?aaoey?iie ei??aeoe?iaee, eioi?ay aaiaeeony ia
iniiaa eco/aiey eiiutheoo?u e ia?niaeoea ?acaeoey ?uiea
niioaaonoaothuaai oiaa?a, i?aaei?eyoea aeaiiino?e?oao aiciiaeiinoue oiai
aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey, onoaiiaeaiea eioi?iai a oneiaeyo
naa?ooeaio?aeecaoeee oae e ia oaeaeinue iaania/eoue.
Iioiio iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue aiaaoue iiuo ca?oaaaeiuo oe?i, eo
ieaie?iaaiey ia iniiaa ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee, iioiio /oi
eioi?iaoeey yaeyaony aeaenoaaiiui oaeoi?ii ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa.
Caaea/a a iaeanoe oaeoeee ia?eaoeiaa:
i?aaiecaoeey oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey;
i?aaiecaoeey ?aeeaiu e noeioee?iaaiey i?iaeaae a niioaaonoaee n
aeeciaiiui oeeeeii eaaeaeiai oiaa?a;
ii?aaeaeaiea i?eioeeiia auoiaea ia ?uiie n iiaui oiaa?ii.
Eco/aiea e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?uieia – i?aaie/aneay /anoue nenoaiu
ieaie?iaaiey e oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai.
A oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea Oe?aeiu e ?uii/iui ioiioaieyi, iiauoaiey o?iaiy
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, ciaiea oai?ee e
i?aeoe/aneeo iaoiaeia ia?eaoeiaa – naiaa?aiaiiay e aaaeiay i?iaeaia ia
oieueei aeey yeiiiie/aneie iaoee, ii e aeey ia?ano?ieee nenoaiu
oicyenoaiaaiey, iianaaeiaaiie ?aaiou.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia i?aaei?eyoeyo iuouaaony ino?ay iio?aaiinoue a
ia?eaoeiaa. Iniaaiii ioaeaeathony a eioi?iaoeee i ni?ina ia ioaeaeueiua
aeaeu i?iaeoeoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioee/aoue ia?eaoeia eae ii?aaeaeaiioth eiioeaioeeth io
ia?eaoeiaa eae eiiieaena ?aciiia?aciuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe,
inouanoaeyaiuo niaoeeaeenoaie, e ia?eaoeia eae ia?ac iuoeaiey – io
ia?eaoeiaa eae ia?aca aeaenoaey.
Ia?eaoeia aeieaeai ia/eiaoueny n ?ac?aaioee no?aoaaee, eioi?ay
oa?aeoa?ecoao ia aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, a eo oeaeue, /oi, anee ia
i?aaei?eyoee i?eiyee yoo no?aoaaeth, i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao eniieueciaaoue
naiua ?aciua oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou a iaeanoe ia?eaoeiaa a
caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiuo aioo?aiieo ianoiyoaeuenoa e oao aiaoieo
oneiaee, a eioi?uo aeaenoaoao i?aaei?eyoea.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee yaeyaony
iniiaiie oeeinioeae i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee.
Oeaeueth aeeieiiiie ?aaiou yaeyaony a ?ac?aaioea ia?ii?eyoee,
iaania/eaathueo aiaae?aiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa a IAI «?iaaineii
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuai caaiaea».
1 IAUAss *ANOUe
Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioee no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa a i?aaei?eyoee
Iiyaeaiea ia?eaoeiaa eae ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaiu oicyenoaiaaiey, iaoiaea
?aoaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-?uii/iuo i?iaeai – yoi ia /oi eiia, eae
ioaaoiay ?aaeoeey oicyenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu, ia oaeea i?ioeannu, eae
oneiaeiaiea i?iaeaiu i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia aneaaenoaea
no?aieoaeueiiai ?anoe?aiey eo anni?oeiaioa, auno?iai iaiiaeaiey,
iaauaaeiai ?aiaa aic?anoaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae, /anouo
naeaeaia a oa?aeoa?a e no?oeoo?a ?uii/iiai ni?ina, aai eiiutheoo?iuo
eieaaaiee, ana aieueoaai iaino?aiey eiieo?aioeee ia ?uiea.
Ia?eaoeia – yaeaiea neiaeiia, iiiaiieaiiaia e aeeiaie/iia. Yoei
iauyniyaony iaaiciiaeiinoue a iaeiii oieaa?naeueiii ii?aaeaeaiee aeaoue
iieioth, aaeaeaaoioth aai nouiinoe, i?eioeeiai e ooieoeeyi
oa?aeoa?enoeeo ia?eaoeiaa.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy auaeaeiooi oaea ieiei 2000 ii?aaeaeaiee ia?eaoeiaa,
eaaeaeia ec eioi?uo ?anniao?eaaao oo eee eioth noi?iio ia?eaoeiaa eeai
aeaeaao iiiuoeo aai eiiieaeniie oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Ia?eaoeia – yoi i?ioeann ieaie?iaaiey e oi?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioeie,
i?iaeaeaeaieai oiaa?ia e iieoiaoaeyi e nauoii, /oiau aeinoeaiooia oaeei
ia?acii ?aciiia?aceai aeaa i?eaiaeeei e oaeiaeaoai?aieth iio?aaiinoae
eae ioaeaeueiuo ee/iinoae, oae e i?aaiecaoeee.
A iniiaa iiiyoey «ia?eaoeia» eaaeeo oa?iei «?uiie». Yoi iiiyoea a
iaeaieaa iauai aeaea iiae?acoiaaaao ?uii/ioth aeayoaeueiinoue. Iiae
ia?eaoeiaii iiieiaaony oaeie aeae ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e eioi?ie
i?iecaiaeeoaeai eniieuecoaony nenoaiiue iiaeoiae e i?ia?aiiii-oeaeaaie
iaoiae ?aoaiey oicyenoaaiiuo i?iaeai, a ?uiie, aai o?aaiaaiey e oa?aeoa?
?aaeecaoeee yaeythony e?eoa?eyie yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia?eaoeia – yoi i?ioeann, caeeth/athueeny a i?iaiice?iaaiee iio?aaiinoae
e a oaeiaeaoai?aiee yoeo iio?aaiinoae iooai i?aaeeiaeaiey
niioaaonoaothueo oiaa?ia.
Aeaaiie eaeaae a ethaii ii?aaeaeaiee yaeyaony i?eaioaoeey ia
iio?aaeoaey. Aianoa n oai caaea/a ia?eaoeiaa – ia oieueei oaaee/eaaoue
ni?in, ii e iuoaoueny ia iaai oae, /oiau ii niioaaonoaiaae
i?aaeeiaeaieth.
A iniiaa aeayoaeueiinoe i?iecaiaeeoaeae, ?aaioathueo ia iniiaa
i?eioeeiia ia?eaoeiaa eaaeeo aeaaec: i?iecaiaeeoue oieueei oi, /oi
o?aaoao ?uiie, iieoiaoaeue. Enoiaeiui iiiaioii eaaeauei a iniiaa
ia?eaoeiaa, aunooiaao eaeay /aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae, iio?aaiinoae, cai?inia.
Nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaa ninoieo a neaaeothuai: neaaeoao i?iecaiaeeoue
oieueei oi, /oi aaconeiaii iaeaeao nauo, a ia iuoaoueny iaaycuaaoue
iieoiaoaeth «ia niaeaniaaiioth» i?aaeaa?eoaeueii n ?uieii i?iaeoeoeeth.
Ec nouiinoe ia?eaoeiaa auoaeatho iniiaiua i?eioeeiu, eioi?ua aeeth/atho:
Iaoeaeaiiinoue ia aeinoeaeaiea eiia/iiai i?aeoe/aneiai ?acoeueoaoa
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-nauoiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
eiioeaio?aoeeth enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e nauoiauo
oneeee ia ?aoathueo iai?aaeaieyo ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
iai?aaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia ia auno?ue, a ia aeieaia?aiaiiue
?acoeueoao ia?eaoeiaiaie ?aaiou. Yoi o?aaoao iniaiai aieiaiey e
i?iaiiciui enneaaeiaaieyi, ?ac?aaioee ia iniiaa eo ?acoeueoaoia oiaa?ia
?uii/iie iiaeciu, iaania/eaathueo aunieii?eaueueioth oicyenoaaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue.
I?eiaiaiea a aaeeinoaa e acaeiinayce no?aoaaee e oaeoeee aeoeaiiai
i?eniiniaeaiey e o?aaiaaieyi iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae n
iaeiia?aiaiiui oeaeaiai?aaeaiiui aicaeaenoaeai ia ieo.
Iaoiaeu ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe caeeth/athony a oii, /oi
i?iaiaeyony:
aiaeeco aiaoiae n?aaeu, a eioi?oth aeeth/aao ia oieueei ?uiie, ii e
iieeoe/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, eoeueoo?iua e ae?oaea oneiaey. Aiaeec
iicaieyao auyaeoue oaeoi?u, niaeaenoaothuea eiiia?/aneiio oniaoo eee
i?aiyonoaothuea aio. A eoiaa aiaeeca oi?ie?oaony aaie aeaiiuo aeey
ioeaiee ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e aa aiciiaeiinoae;
aiaeec iio?aaeoaeae eae ?aaeueiuo, oae e iioaioeeaeueiuo. Aeaiiue aiaeec
caeeth/aaony a enneaaeiaaiee aeaiia?aoe/aneeo, yeiiiie/aneeo,
nioeeaeueiuo, aaia?aoe/aneeo e eiuo oa?aeoa?enoee ethaeae, i?eieiathueo
?aoaiea a oe?ieii niunea yoiai iiiyoey e i?ioeannia i?eia?aoaiey eie eae
iaoaai, oae e eiieo?e?othueo oiaa?ia;
eco/aiea nouanoaothueo e ieaie?iaaiea aoaeoueo oiaa?ia, oi anoue
?ac?aaioea eiioeaioeee nicaeaiey iiauo oiaa?ia eee iiaea?iecaoeee
noa?uo, aeeth/ay eo anni?oeiaio, oiaeiaeo e o.ae. Onoa?aaoea, ia
aeathuea ?an/aoiie i?eauee oiaa?u nieiathony n i?iecaiaenoaa e ?uiea;
ieaie?iaaiea oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa, aeeth/ay nicaeaiea, i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe, niioaaonoaothueo nianoaaiiuo nauoiauo naoae ni neeaaeaie
e iaaaceiaie;
iaania/aiea oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiey nauoa iooai eiiaeiaoeee
?aeeaiu, ee/iie i?iaeaaee, e ?aciiai ?iaea iaoa?eaeueiuo noeioeia,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia iieoiaoaeae;
iaania/aiea oeaiiaie iieeoeee, caeeth/athuaeny a ieaie?iaaiee nenoai e
o?iaiae oeai ia iinoaaeyaiua oiaa?u;
oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoueth eae nenoaiie, oi anoue
ieaie?iaaiey, auiieiaiea e eiio?ieue ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiu e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae eaaeaeiai o/anoieea ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey,
ioeaiea ?eneia e i?eaueae, yooaeoeaiinoe ia?eaoeiaiauo ?aoaiee.
I?aaiecaoeey ia?eaoeiaa – yoi no?oeoo?iia iino?iaiea aeey oi?aaeaiey
ia?eaoeiaiauie ooieoeeyie, onoaiaaeeaathuaa iiae/eiaiiinoue e
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auiieiaiea oao eee eiuo caaeaiee. I?aaiecaoeey
iiaeao auoue ooieoeeiiaeueiie, eiaaea ioaaonoaaiiinoue ?ani?aaeaeyaony
ii noa?ai niaaaeaiey, nauoa, i?iaeaeaeaiey, ?ani?aaeaeaiey e ae?.;
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia oiaa?, eiaaea nouanoaotho oi?aaeythuea ii oiaa?ai
aeey eaaeaeie a?oiiu i?iaeoeoia e oi?aaeythuea oi?aiaie ia?eie aeey
eaaeaeie ioaeaeueiie oi?aiaie ia?ee a aeiiieiaiea e ooieoeeiiaeueiiio
i?eioeeio; i?eaioe?iaaiiue a ?uiie, eiaaea a aeiiieiaiea e
ooieoeeiiaeueiiio i?eioeeio auaeaeythony oi?aaeythuea ii ?aaeiiaeueiui
?uieai e oeiai iio?aaeoaeae.
A ia?eaoeiaiaii i?ioeanna o/anoaotho i?iecaiaeeoaeue oiaa?a, ioaeae
ia?eaoeiaa, eioi?ue iaiin?aaenoaaiii aunooiaao a ?uiea; iin?aaeiee,
iaania/eaathuee ?aaeecaoeeth oiaa?a i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea (aiciiaeai
i?yiie eiioaeo ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa n eiia/iui iio?aaeoaeai); ?icie/iue
oi?aiaaoe; eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue.
I?ioeann ia?eaoeiaa ia/eiaaony n eco/aiey iieoiaoaey e auyaeaiey aai
iio?aaiinoae, a caaa?oaaony i?eia?aoaieai oiaa?a iieoiaoaeai e
oaeiaeaoai?aieai aai auyaeaiiuo iio?aaiinoae.
I?ioeann iaiaia o?aaoao ?aaiou.
Oiio, eoi oi/ao i?iaeaaaoue, iaiaoiaeeii eneaoue iieoiaoaeae, auyaeyoue
eo ioaeaeu, i?iaeoe?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuea oiaa?u, i?iaeaeaaoue eo ia
?uiie, ia?aaiceoue, aeiaiaa?eaaoueny i oeaiao e o.ae. Iniiao
aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaoeiaa ninoaaeytho oaeea caiyoey, eae ?ac?aaioea
oiaa?a, enneaaeiaaiey, iaeaaeeaaiea eiiioieeaoeee, i?aaiecaoeey
?ani?aaeaeaiey, onoaiiaeaiea oeai, ?acaa?ouaaiea neoaeau na?aena.
N oa/aieai a?aiaie ana, eoi caiyo a i?ioeanna iaiaia, o/aony aai
niaa?oainoaiaaoue. I?iaeaaoeu ia?aoatho aieueoee i?ioanneiiaeeci a
oi?aaeaiee naiei ia?eaoeiaii.
Nouanoaoao neaaeothuea ii?aaeaeaiea – oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii – yoi aiaeec, ieaie?iaaiea, i?aoai?aiea a aeeciue
e eiio?ieue ca i?iaaaeaieai ia?ii?eyoee, ?ann/eoaiiuo ia onoaiiaeaiea,
oe?aieaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea auaiaeiuo iaiaiia n oeaeaauie iieoiaoaeyie
?aaee aeinoeaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo caaea/ i?aaiecaoeee, oaeeo, eae
iieo/aiea i?eauee, ?ino iauaia nauoa, oaaee/aiea aeiee ?uiea e o.ae.
Caaea/a oi?aaeaiey ia?eaoeiaii caeeth/aaony a aicaeaenoaee ia o?iaaiue,
a?aiy e oa?aeoa? ni?ina oaeei ia?acii, /oiau yoi iiiiaaei i?aaiecaoeee a
aeinoeaeaiee noiyueo ia?aae iae oeaeae. Oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii – yoi
oi?aaeaiea ni?inii.
Iniiaiuie ooieoeeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony:
eiiieaeniia eco/aiea eiie?aoiiai ?uiea, aai i?iaeai e ia?niaeoea;
ieaie?iaaiea oiaa?iiai anni?oeiaioa naiaai i?aaei?eyoey n o/aoii
o?aaiaaiee ?uiea e naieo aiciiaeiinoae;
oi?ie?iaaiea ni?ina e i?iaaaeaiea ia?ii?eyoee ii noeioee?iaaieth nauoa n
oeaeueth aieueoaai niaiaaeaiey o?aaiaaiee ?uiea e naieo aiciiaeiinoae;
ieaie?iaaiea nauoiauo iia?aoeee;
oi?aaeaiea e eiio?ieue ca ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoueth, eioi?ua
i?aaeiieaaatho i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe aica?ao e ia?aie ooieoeee.
?aaeecaoeey eaaeaeie iineaaeothuae ooieoeee iaaiciiaeia aac ?aaeecaoeee
i?aaeuaeouae.
Oeaee i?aaei?eyoey ii?aaeaeytho iai?aaeaiea aai ?acaeoey. No?aoaaey
ia?eaoeiaa – auai? iooe aeinoeaeaiey yoeo oeaeae. Iniiao ia?eaoeiaa
iau/ii ninoaaeytho neaaeothuea eaoaai?ee: oeaia, i?aaeii/oaiea,
i?eniiniaeaiea, ?aceia ioee/ea. No?aoaaey, iniiaaiiay ia oeaia, o?aaoao
eniieueciaaiey a oeaeyo aeinoeaeaiey eiiia?/aneiai oniaoa onoaiiaeaiey
ieceeo oeai, iau/ii i?e aieueoii eiee/anoaa i?iecaiaeeiuo oiaa?ia.
No?aoaaey, iniiaaiiay ia i?aaeii/oaiee, i?aaeiieaaaao i?eiaiaiea a
ea/anoaa eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo oaeoi?ia ea/anoai oiaa?a: oiaeiaee,
niaethaeaiea aeiaiai?iuo iaycaoaeuenoa e iaaeaaeiinoe iinoaaie oiaa?ia.
No?aoaaey, iniiaaiiay ia i?eniiniaeaiee, oaeoe/anee iniiaaia ia
iiaoi?aiee aeaenoaee eiieo?aioia a iaeanoe oiaa?iie iieeoeee,
?ani?aaeaeaiey, oeaiiia?aciaaiey.
No?aoaaey, iniiaaiiay ia ?aceii ioee/ee, o?aaoao /oiau oiaa?
i?aaei?eyoey ii i?ioeeth ?acei ioee/aeny io oiaa?a eiieo?aioa.
I?aeoe/aneay ?aaeecaoeey ia?eaoeiaiauo ooieoeee naycaia n i?ioeannii
oi?aaeaiey ia?eaoeiaii, eioi?ue aeeth/aao:
aiaeec ?uii/iuo aiciiaeiinoae i?aaei?eyoey;
ioai? oeaeaauo ?uieia;
?ac?aaioeo eiiieaena ia?ii?eyoee ii auoiaeo ia ?uiie;
aieaa aeoaieia aiaae?aiea a o?aaeeoeeiiiue ?uiie n nouanoaothuei oiaa?ii
(iai?eia?, ca n/ao oaaee/aiey iauaiia auionea oiaa?ia);
auoiae n iiaui oiaa?ii ia o?aaeeoeeiiiue ?uiie;
auoiae n nouanoaothuei oiaa?ii ia iiaue ?uiie;
auoiae n iiaui oiaa?ii ia iiaue ?uiie.
Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiu n:
i?iecaiaenoaaiiui iioaioeeaeii i?aaei?eyoey;
aeaeinoueth e no?oeoo?ie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae;
oeiainiauie ?ano?naie.
A oneiaeyo oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai iaoaiecia oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie iniiaioth
/anoue i?iaiice?iaaiey e ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee inouanoaeytho
ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu.
I?aaei?eyoey, iniaaiii e?oiiua, eioi?ua o/anoaotho a yoeo
enneaaeiaaieyo, eiie?aoece?otho iieo/aiiua aeaiiua, ?anniao?eaay eo eae
aniiiiaaoaeueiua.
Caaea/e e iai?aaeaiiinoue eiiieaeniiai ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey
?uiea aeeth/aao a naay:
eco/aiea o?aaiaaiee ?uiea e oiaa?o, oi anoue o?aaiaaiee iieoiaoaeae, e,
/oi iniaaiii aaaeii, eiia/iuo iio?aaeoaeae, e iio?aaeoaeueneei naienoaai
i?iaeoeoa e niioaaonoaothuaio iaai?o niioonoaothueo i?iaeaaea e
iio?aaeaieth oiaa?ia e oneoa. Cai?inu ni noi?iiu iio?aaeoaeae oiaa?a
ii?aaeaeytho aai eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue. Iiyoiio a aeaiiie /anoe
enneaaeiaaiee iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony ii?aaeaeaieth
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee e aa niioaaonoaey
cai?inai eiie?aoiiai ?uiea e aai naaiaioia;
eco/aiea yeiiiie/aneie eiiutheoo?u. Iiaeaioiaea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
oi?aaeaieth i?iecaiaenoaii e nauoii oiaa?ia a caaeneiinoe io
aeieaia?aiaiiuo e e?aoein?i/iuo oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey e
?uiea, yeiiiie/aneie eiiutheoo?u a oeaeii e oiaa?iiai ?uiea aeey
i?aaei?eyoey a /anoiinoe. Eiiutheoo?iua enneaaeiaaiey, naycaiiua n
eco/aieai ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey ia ?uiea e ioaeaeueiuo aai naaiaioao,
aeeth/atho a naay eco/aiea aieinoe e oa?aeoa?a ?uiea, o?iaiy oeai e
oeaiiaie yeanoe/iinoe ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey, noaiaie e oneiaee ?uii/iie
eiieo?aioeee e iaiaoiaeeiu aeey i?eiyoey niioaaonoaothueo ?aoaiee ia
anao o?iaiyo oi?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey – no?aoaae/aneii,
oaeoe/aneii e iia?aoeaiii. Iaaethaeaiea ca oaeouae eiiutheoo?ie e aa
aiaeec iicaieytho ?aoaoue iia?aoeaiua caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey, a eco/aiea
aeeeoaeueiinoe oaiaeaioeee, i?iaiic eiiutheoo?u – ?aoaoue oaeoe/aneea e
no?aoaae/aneea caaea/e ia iooe aeinoeaeaiey n?aaeia- e aeieain?i/iuo
oeaeae. Enneaaeiaaiey inouanoaeythony ii aeaiia?aoe/aneei e?eoa?eyi
(aiaeece?othony nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe iieoiaoaeae e
i?iaeaaoeia, eo iioeaaoeey i?e caeeth/aiee naeaeie);
eco/aiea oe?iaiiie no?oeoo?u ?uiea, oi anoue ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo a?oii
oe?i, ?aaioathueo ia aeaiiii ?uiea: oe?iu-ia?oia?u
(iieoiaoaee),oe?iu-eiieo?aiou (i?iaeathuea aiaeiae/iua oiaa?u),
iaeo?aeueiua oe?iu (eioi?ua ia i?iyaeee aua caeioa?aniaaiiinoe a
ioiioaiee aeaiiiai oiaa?a, ii iiaoo ?anniao?eaaoueny eae
iioaioeeaeueiua eiieo?aiou e iieoiaoaee e i?e aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee
ia?eaoeiaiauo aeaenoaee i?iaeaaoea eiatho oainu noaoue aai aeoeaiuie
ia?oia?aie). A caaeneiinoe io i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe eaaeaeie oe?iu e oie eee
eiie a?oiia i?iaiaeyony niioaaonoaothuea enneaaeiaaiey noaiaie aa
iaaeaaeiinoe, ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe e ae?oaea;
enneaaeiaaiea oi?i e iaoiaeia, i?eiyouo a oi?aiaie i?aeoeea
i?eiaieoaeueii e aeaiiiio oiaa?o ia aeaiiii ?uiea e aai naaiaioao:
i?yiia eee einaaiiia inouanoaeaiea aieueoeinoaa naeaeie eoiee-i?iaeaaee,
ii?aaeaeaiea oeie/iuo oi?i iin?aaeie/aneeo niaeaoaiee, aeaeia naeaeie ia
aeaiiii ?uiea, oi?i oi?aiaee e ae?oaia.
Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey niinianoaotho aieaa iieiiio
oaeiaeaoai?aieth ni?ina.
Ia?eaoeia – yoi caaioa ia oaeiaeaoai?aiee ioaeae iio?aaeoaeae; n ae?oaie
noi?iiu , ia?eaoeia – yoi no?aoiaaiea i?aaei?eyoey io iioa?ue, naycaiiuo
n i?iecaiaenoaii i?iaeoeoeee, ia iaoiaeyuae ni?ina.
A niioaaonoaee n i?aaeeaie ia?eaoeiaa ia neaaeoao:
auioneaoue i?iaeoeoeeth, eioi?oth iaeuecy i?iaeaoue;
i?enooiaoue e i?iecaiaenoao, ia eiay oaa?aiiinoe a oii, /oi ia aoaeouoth
i?iaeoeoeeth iaeaeaony iieoiaoaeue;
no?aieoueny iaaycaoue ethaeyi oi, /oi oaeaeinue i?iecaanoe.
Noaia ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
Aiaeec ?uii/iuo aiciiaeiinoae
Ioai? oeaeaauo ?uieia
?ac?aaioea eiiieaena ia?eaoeiaa
Eiiieaen aniiiiaaoaeueiuo nenoai ia?eaoeiaa
?uiie ?acaeaeyaony ia «?uiie i?iaeaaoea», aaea i?aaei?eyoea ?aaeecoao
nianoaaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth, e «?uiie iieoiaoaey», ia eioi?ii iii
i?eia?aoaao ioaeiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua eiiiiiaiou. Oaeei ia?acii,
ia?eaoeia a aeaaiie ia?a auaiaeai e i?iaeaaoeai e iieoiaoaeyi oiaa?a.
Iaeiaei i?aaeaea /ai onoaiaaeeaaoue eiioaeou n eioa?anothueie
ia?oia?aie, iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue:
caeioa?aniaaia ee a yoii ae?oaay noi?iia;
eiathony ee oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa nayce (oaeaoii, oaeaoaen) e eeoei,
ioaaonoaaiiia ca naycue.
Naycue e aeaeiaia iauaiea n aeaenoaeoaeueiuie e iioaioeeaeueiuie
ia?oia?aie – aaaeiaeoay /anoue ia?eaoeiaa.
Ioaaonoaaiiua ca naycue eeoea iaycaiu anaaaea e iaiaaeeaiii ioaa/aoue ia
ethaia i?iyaeaiea caeioa?aniaaiiinoe ae?oaie noi?iiu.
Enneaaeoy ?uiee, iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae e i?iaeaaoeia, ?aeeaio,
i?aaei?eyoea n iiiiuueth ia?eaoeiaa oi?ie?oao naie eieaeae ia ?uiea.
Aa oi?ie?iaaiea ia/eiaaony n ii?aaeaeaiey iacaaiey oe?iu, oe?iaiiiai
ciaea, oe?iaiiuo aeaieia, eiiaa?oia, iineieueeo aiaoiee aeae aeieoiaioa,
eioi?ia i?aaei?eyoea ioi?aaeyao ia?oia?o, eiaao ii?ie ia iaiueoaa
cia/aiea, iaaeaee niaea?aeaiea aeieoiaioa. Aeey oiai, /oiau eiaoue naie
eieaeae, i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii caiyoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia ianoi a n?aaea
?uii/iiai iai?ioa, auoue iaaeaaeiui, aeeiaie/iui ia?oia?ii, oiaoue
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeaeiaua ioiioaiey, aanoe ia?aaiai?u.
Eiay eaeea-oi eiie?aoiua i?aaeeiaeaiey, i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii auoue
aioiai aac i?iiaaeeaiey caeeth/eoue aeiaiai? ii aai ?aaeecaoeee, oae
eae iioa?youe ioaeiiai ia?oia?a iiaeii ca ianeieueei /ania, a iaeoe aai
o?oaeii.
Iniiao ia?aaiai?ia eiio?aaaioia ninoaaeyao iaithaeiay auaiaea, iiyoiio
ia ?uiea i?aaeeaaaoue neaaeoao ia iaia?aiey, a i?eaueue, eioi?oth
i?ioeaiiieiaeiay noi?iia iiaeao iieo/eoue io naeaeee n aaie.
Aianoa n oai oe?iei eniieuecothony oe?iaie ienueia «i iaia?aieyo»,
aae?aniaaiiua iioaioeeaeueiui ia?oia?ai e eioi?ie?othuea eo i iaia?aieyo
ioiineoaeueii nio?oaeie/anoaa a eaeii-oi aeaea. Yoi ie ia eiai ia
iaeaaaao ieeaeeo iaycaoaeuenoa, a eeoue oeacuaaao ia oi, /oi naeaeea
iiaeao auoue caeeth/aia.
Oi?ioea aeaeiaua ioiioaiey ia?oia?ia iniiaaiu ia aeiaa?ee e oaaaeaiee
eioa?ania e o?aaeeoeee noi?ii.
I?aaei?eyoea au?aaaouaaao i?aaenoaaeaiey i aeaeaoaeueiii o?iaia ni?ina
ia naith i?iaeoeoeeth. A ethaie iiiaio a?aiaie o?iaaiue ?aaeueiiai
ni?ina iiaeao auoue ieaea aeaeaaiiai, niioaaonoaiaaoue aio eee
i?aauoaoue aai. Ni anaie yoeie ninoiyieyie e i?eoiaeeony eiaoue aeaei
oi?aaeaieth ia?eaoeiaii. Nouanoaoao iyoue iniiaiuo iiaeoiaeia, ia iniiaa
eioi?uo i?aaei?eyoey aaaeoo naith ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue:
eiioeaioeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa, eiioeaioeey
niaa?oainoaiaaiey oiaa?a, eiioeaioeey eioaineoeeaoeee eiiia?/aneeo
oneeee, eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa e eiioeaioeey nioeeaeueii-yoe/iiai
ia?eaoeiaa.
Eiioeaioeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi
iio?aaeoaee aoaeoo aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiu e oiaa?ai, eioi?ua oe?iei
?ani?ino?aiaiu e aeinooiiu ii oeaia, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?oeiaiaenoai
aeieaeii nin?aaeioi/eoue naie oneeey ia niaa?oainoaiaaiee i?iecaiaenoaa
e iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe nenoaiu ?ani?aaeaeaiey.
I?eiaiaiea eiioeaioeee niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa iiaeoiaeeo a
aeaoo neooaoeeyo. Ia?aay – eiaaea ni?in ia oiaa? i?aauoaao
i?aaeeiaeaiea. A yoii neo/aa ?oeiaiaenoao neaaeoao nin?aaeioi/eoueny ia
ecuneaiee niiniaia oaaee/eoue i?iecaiaenoai. Aoi?ay – eiaaea
naaanoieiinoue oiaa?a neeoeii auniea e aa iaiaoiaeeii nieceoue, aeey
/aai o?aaoaony iiauoaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe.
Eiioeaioeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey oiaa?a ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi iio?aaeoaee
aoaeoo aeaaineeiiiu e oiaa?ai, i?aaeiieaaathuei iaeaunoaa ea/anoai,
eo/oea yenieoaoaoeeiiiua naienoaa e oa?aeoa?enoeee, a neaaeiaaoaeueii,
i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia nin?aaeioi/eoue naith yia?aeth ia iinoiyiiii
niaa?oainoaiaaiee oiaa?a.
Eiioeaioeey eioaineoeeaoeee eiiia?/aneeo oneeee ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi
iio?aaeoaee ia aoaeoo iieoiaoue oiaa?u i?aaei?eyoey a aeinoaoi/iuo
eiee/anoaao, anee iii ia i?aaei?eiao cia/eoaeueiuo oneeee a noa?a nauoa
e noeioee?iaaiey.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi caeiaii aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae
i?aaei?eyoey yaeythony ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeaauo ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae
?uieia e iaania/aiea aeaeaaiie oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe aieaa yooaeoeaiuie e
aieaa i?iaeoeoeaiuie, /ai o eiieo?aioia, niiniaaie.
Eiioeaioeey eioaineoeeaoeee eiiia?/aneeo oneeee e ia?eaoeiaa /anoi
iooatho ae?oa n ae?oaii.
Eiiia?/aneea oneeey ii nauoo – yoi nin?aaeioi/aiiinoue ia ioaeaeao
i?iaeaaoea, a ia?eaoeia – yoi nin?aaeioi/aiiinoue ia ioaeaeao
iieoiaoaey.
Eiiia?/aneea oneeey ii nauoo – yoi caaioa i ioaeaeao i?iaeaaoea ii
i?aa?auaieth aai oiaa?a a iaee/iua aeaiueae, a ia?eaoeia – caaioa ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiee ioaeae eeeaioa iin?aaenoaii oiaa?a e oeaeiai ?yaea
oaeoi?ia, naycaiiuo n nicaeaieai, iinoaaeie e, iaeiiaoe, iio?aaeaieai
yoiai oiaa?a.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa – yoi i?eaioaoeey ia ioaeaeu e iio?aaiinoe
eeeaioia, iiaee?aieaiiay eiiieaeniuie oneeeyie ia?eaoeiaa, iaoeaeaiiui
ia nicaeaiea iio?aaeoaeueneie oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe a ea/anoaa iniiau aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa io?aaeaao i?eaa?aeaiiinoue oe?iu oai?ee
noaa?aieoaoa iio?aaeoaey. I?aaei?eyoea i?iecaiaeeo oi, /oi iaiaoiaeeii
iio?aaeoaeth, e iieo/aao i?eaueue ca n/ao iaeneiaeueiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey
aai ioaeae.
Eiioeaioeey nioeeaeueii-yoe/iiai ia?eaoeiaa ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi caaea/ae
i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony onoaiiaeaiea ioaeae, iio?aaiinoae e eioa?ania
oeaeaauo ?uieia e iaania/aiea aeaeaaiie oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe aieaa
yooaeoeaiuie e aieaa i?iaeoeoeaiuie (/ai o eiieo?aioia) niiniaaie n
iaeiia?aiaiiui nio?aiaieai eee oe?aieaieai aeaaiiieo/ey iio?aaeoaey e
iauanoaa a oeaeii.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny a ethauo oicyenoaaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeeyo iacaaeneii io iauaia e oa?aeoa?a ?aaeecoaiuo oiaa?ia e
oneoa. ?acee/ey a oeiao iinoaaeyaiuo oiaa?ia, a ?acia?ao e
oa?aeoa?enoeeao iio?aaeoaeueneeo eee i?iiuoeaiiuo ?uieao aeey ?acee/iuo
a?oii oiaa?ia, a oao oeaeyo, ?aaee eioi?uo oiaa?u i?eia?aoathony, e a
iaoiaeao eo ?ani?aaeaeaiey ia eneeth/atho oieaa?naeueiie i?eiaieiinoe
ia?eaoeiaa e oicyenoaaiiui iia?aoeeyi.
Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa iicaieyao aiaeece?iaaoue, iaeneiece?iaaoue e
oaeiaeaoai?youe iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in, iia yaeyaony eeoue ?oeiaiaenoaii
e ieaie?iaaieth. I?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia oaeaea o/eouaaoue naie neeueiua e
neaaua noi?iiu a oaeeo iaeanoyo, eae i?iecaiaenoai, oaoiieiaey, oeiainu
e nauo. Ieaiu ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeiu oaycuaaoue oeaee, o?aaiaaiey
iio?aaeoaeae e ?ano?niua aiciiaeiinoe. E?iia oiai, iaiaoiaeeii
ioeaieaaoue aicaeaenoaea eiieo?aioeee, ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e
ae?oaea neeu.
Ethaia i?aaei?eyoea ooieoeeiie?oao, eiay nayce n ?uieii: iinoaaeyy ia
iaai ecaeaeey, oneoae e iaania/eaay iieoiaoaeae niioaaonoaothuae
eioi?iaoeeae (iio?aaeoaeueiua naienoaa, ianoa i?iaeaaee). N ?uiea
i?aaei?eyoea iieo/aao aeaiueae e iiyoue eioi?iaoeeth (iauaiu e oaiiu
i?iaeaaee, iiaiey iieoiaoaeae i ea/anoaa, aeaiiua i oiaa?ao
eiieo?aioia). Oaeei ia?acii, aicieeaao caieiooay nenoaia,
ooieoeeiie?othuay eae aaeeiia oeaeia.
A eoiaa i?aaei?eyoea ieacuaaaony oanii naycaiiui n oai, /oi iacuaaaony
aiaoiae n?aaeie.
Aioo?aiithth no?oeoo?o i?aaei?eyoey (a oii /enea iaania/eaathuoth
?uii/ioth aeayoaeueiinoue) iacuaatho aioo?aiiae n?aaeie. Aiaoiyy n?aaea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i/aiue neiaeiia yaeaiea. A iaa aoiaeyo iieoiaoaee n
eo aeaiia?aoe/aneeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, ii?aaeaeythueie nauo oiaa?ia
oe?iu; eiieo?aiou; iin?aaeieee; oeiainiaua o/?aaeaeaiey; ?aeeaiiua
aaaionoaa. E oneiaeyi aiaoiae n?aaeu ioiinyony aeaenoaothuea e
aioiayueany caeiiu, iauoth yeiiiie/aneoth neooaoeeth, iieeoe/aneee
eeeiao, iao/ii-oaoie/aneea aeinoeaeaiey, eoeueoo?iua e eiua o?aaeeoeee.
E aioo?aiiae n?aaea ioiinyo ooieoeeiiaeueiua no?oeoo?u oe?iu,
i?aaei?eyoey, i?aaiecaoeee, iaania/eaathuea oi?aaeaiea, ?ac?aaioeo e
oanoe?iaaiea iiauo oiaa?ia, i?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a aei iieoiaoaey, nauo,
ianeoaeeaaiea, acaeiiioiioaiey n iinoaaueeaie nu?uey, iaoa?eaeia e
o.ae., a oaeaea oeiainiauie e ae?oaeie aiaoieie i?aaiaie. A iiiyoea
aioo?aiiae n?aaeu aoiaeyo oaeaea eaaeeoeeaoeey eaae?ia, eo i?aaeeueiia
eniieueciaaiea, nenoaia ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee, aeaeinoue no?oeoo? ii
ioiioaieth e eciaiaieyi ?uii/iie neooaoeee e aiaoiae n?aaeu aiiaua.
Ai anai iiiaiia?acee oaeoi?ia aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae n?aaeu iaaethaeaaony
?acaeaeaiea eo ia aeaa a?oiiu: ia?aay, eioi?ay iiaeaeaaony oi?aaeaieth
ni noi?iiu ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey, e aoi?ay, eioi?ay oaeiio
oi?aaeaieth ia iiaeaeaaony, a cia/eo o?aaoao i?eniiniaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey
e naaa.
Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae, eioi?ue oa?aeoa?ai aeey ia?eaoeiaa, caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi i?e aiaeeca aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ?anniao?eaatho
aiaoithth e aioo?aiithth n?aaeo a oaniie niaieoiiinoe e acaeiinayce ai
anae eo iieiioa.
Aeey oiai, /oiau neii?aeeie?iaaoue eo e nicaeaoue iniiau aeey i?eiyoey
?aoaiee, iieacii eniieueciaaoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiue i?ioeann
no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey. N oi/ee c?aiey ia?eaoeiaa, no?aoaae/aneee
ieai oeacuaaao eaeea ia?eaoeiaiaua aeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii
i?aaei?eiyoue, ii/aio iie iaiaoiaeeiu, eoi ioaa/aao ca eo ?aaeecaoeeth,
aaea iie aoaeoo i?aaei?eiyou e eae iie aoaeoo caaa?oaiu. Ii oaeaea
ii?aaeaeyao oaeouaa iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey, aai aoaeouoth i?eaioaoeeth
e ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia.
No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea a ia?eaoeiaa eiaao ?yae iniaaiiinoae.
No?aoaae/aneee ieai ia?eaoeiaa no?ieony ia iniiaa oae iacuaaaiuo
no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?e iaycaoaeueiii oneiaee
eo acaeiiaeaenoaee. Ii iie?aaony ia aeaiiua ia?eaoeiaiauo
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai, ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, ioaeaea nauoa,
aooaaeoa?ee e o.ae.; eniieuecoao eiie?aoiue aiaeec, aiaeec
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe e ieaiiaua iiaeoee ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia, a
oaeaea niiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ?ac?aaaouaaoue, iiaeaea?aeeaaoue e
caueuaoue caieiaaiia ei iieiaeaiea ia ?uiea. Ieai ia?eaoeiaa o/eouaaao
eae e?aoein?i/iua, oae e aeieain?i/iua iineaaenoaey ?aoaiee, iauaaeeiyao
aiaeec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e ieaiu ia neo/ae iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoa, /oi iaeaa/aao i?ioeann aaeaioaoeee e aicieeathuei
eciaiaieyi.
Nouanoaoao ?yae i?e/ei, ii eioi?ui no?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea a
ia?eaoeiaa eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea aeey i?aaei?eyoey.
No?aoaae/aneee ieai, ai-ia?auo, caaeaao iai?aaeaiea aeey aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey e iicaieyao aio eo/oa iiieiaoue no?oeoo?o ia?eaoeiaiauo
enneaaeiaaiee, i?ioeannu eco/aiey iio?aaeoaeae, ieaie?iaaiea
i?iaeoeoeee, aa i?iaeaeaeaiee e nauoa, a oaeaea ieaie?iaaiee oeai.
Ai-aoi?uo, ii iaania/eaaao eaaeaeiio iiae?acaeaeaieth a i?aaei?eyoee
/aoeea oeaee, eioi?ua oaycuaathony n iaueie caaea/aie i?aaei?eyoey.
A-o?aoueeo, ii noeioee?oao eii?aeeiaoeeth oneeee ?acee/iuo
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iai?aaeaiee.
A-/aoaa?ouo, no?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea canoaaeyao i?aaei?eyoea
ioeaieaaoue naie neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu n oi/ee c?aiey eiieo?aioia,
aiciiaeiinoe e oa?icu a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea.
A-iyouo, yoio ieai ii?aaeaeyao aeueoa?iaoeaiua aeaenoaey eee eiiaeiaoeee
aeaenoaee, eioi?ua iiaeao i?aaei?eiyoue i?aaei?eyoea.
A-oanouo, nicaeaao iniiao aeey ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia.
A-naaeueiuo, aeaiiino?e?oao aaaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaaeo? ioeaiee
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ieaiu ia?eaoeiaa iiaoo eeanneoeoee?iaaoueny ii aeeeoaeueiinoe, ianooaao
e iaoiaeai ?ac?aaioee. Iie iiaoo auoue eae e?aoein?i/iuie, eiie?aoiuie,
?ac?aaaouaaaiuie ioaeaeueiuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie, oae e aeieain?i/iuie,
eiiieaeniuie e nicaeaaaaiuie ?oeiaiaenoaii.
Ieaiu ia?eaoeiaa iiaoo auoue e?aoein?i/iuie (ia aiae); n?aaeian?i/iuie
(io aeaoo aei iyoe eao); aeieain?i/iuie (io iyoe aei aeanyoe eao).
E?aoei- e n?aaeian?i/iua ieaiu aieaa aeaoaeece?iaaiu e iia?aoeaiu, /ai
aeieain?i/iua. Iai?eia?, ieai, ?ann/eoaiiue ia iaeei aiae, iiaeao
caaeaaaoue oi/iua oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e no?aoaaee aeey eaaeaeiai i?iaeoeoa,
i?aaeeaaaaiiai i?aaei?eyoeai.
?acee/aaony ioaao ia?eaoeiaiauo ieaiia. Nouanoaotho ioaeaeueiua ieaiu
ia?eaoeiaa aeey eaaeaeiai ec iniiaiuo i?iaeoeoia i?aaei?eyoey, iaeei
eioaa?e?iaaiiue ia?eaoeiaiaue ieai, aeeth/athuee anth i?iaeoeoeeth, eee
iauee oicyenoaaiiue ieai n ?acaeaeii, iinayuaiiui ia?eaoeiao.
I?iecaiaeeoaee iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia /aua anaai eniieuecotho
ioaeaeueiua ia?eaoeiaiaua ieaiu aeey eaaeaeie anni?oeiaioiie a?oiiu.
Ieaiu ia?eaoeiaa iiaoo ?ac?aaaouaaoueny nieco aaa?o eee naa?oo aiec.
A ia?aii neo/aa oeaee, athaeaeaou, i?iaiicu e no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa
onoaiaaeeaathony ia iniiaa eioi?iaoeee i?iaeaaoeia, oi?aaeythueo ii
i?iaeoeoai. Ieaiu, ?ac?aaaouaaaiua nieco, ?aaeenoe/iu, iineieueeo
iniiauaathony ia iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee, oi?ioi aeeytho ia
ineoieiae/aneee eeeiao (iineieueeo nio?oaeieee, o/anoaothuea a i?ioeanna
ieaie?iaaiey, ioaa/atho ca aai ?aaeecaoeeth).
Iaeiaei i?e yoii iiaoo aicieeaoue o?oaeiinoe i?e eii?aeeiaoeee e
naaaeaiee ieaiia, ?ac?aaaouaaaiuo nieco a aaeeiue eioaa?e?iaaiiue ieai e
oaycee ?acee/iuo i?aaeiieiaeaiee ioiineoaeueii iaeiie e oie aea
i?iaeaiu.
Oaeeo o?oaeiinoae ia aicieeaao i?e ?ac?aaioea ieaiia naa?oo aiec, eiaaea
ieaiiaay aeayoaeueiinoue oeaio?aeeciaaii oi?aaeyaony e eiio?iee?oaony. A
yoii neo/aa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue eiiieaeniua aeueoa?iaoeaiua
ioiineoaeueii eiieo?aioeee eee ae?oaeo aiaoieo oaeoi?ia e iaania/eaaoue
aaeeiia iai?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Yoe aeaa iiaeoiaeu ni/aoathony, anee aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai onoaiaaeeaaao
iauea oeaee e iai?aaeaiey, a nio?oaeieee, caieiathueany nauoii,
?aeeaiie, oiaa?aie, ?ac?aaaouaatho ieaiu ?aaeecaoeee iinoaaeaiiuo
caaea/. No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea aeieaeii oaeiaeaoai?youe eiie?aoiua
iio?aaiinoe ia?eaoeiaa e ae?oaeo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iaeanoae. Yoi ia
anaaaea i?inoi, oae eae oeaee e iio?aaiinoe ?acee/iuo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee ioee/athony.
Aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai aeieaeii aeiaeaaoueny, /oiau eaaeaeia
ooieoeeiiaeueiia iiae?acaeaeaiea oioaei naaeaine?iaaoue oi/ee c?aiey a
i?ioeanna i?eiyoey niaianoiuo ?aoaiee e o/anoaiaaoue a yoii i?ioeanna.
I?ioeann no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey ninoieo ec naie acaeiinaycaiiuo
yoaiia:
Ii?aaeaeaiea caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey;
Nicaeaiea no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee;
Onoaiiaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa;
Neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec;
?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa;
?aaeecaoeey oaeoeee;
Iaaethaeaiea ca ?acoeueoaoaie.
Inouanoaeyaony ii niaianoii n ?oeiaiaenoaii i?aaei?eyoey e nio?oaeieeaie
ia?eaoeiaiaiai ioaeaea.
?anniio?ei ioaeaeueiua yoaiu i?ioeanna no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey.
Ii?aaeaeaiea caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey
Caaea/a i?aaei?eyoey eanaaony aai aeieain?i/iie i?eaioaoeee ia
eaeie-eeai aeae aeayoaeueiinoe e niioaaonoaothuaa ianoi ia ?uiea. Aa
iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue /a?ac oi, eaeea a?oiiu iio?aaeoaeae ianeoaeeaathony,
eaeea ooieoeee auiieiythony e eaeea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua i?ioeannu
eniieuecothony. Caaea/e i?aaiecaoeee einaaiii cao?aaeaathony, anee:
i?aaei?eyoea auoiaeeo ia ?uiie n iiaui i?iaeoeoii eee oneoaie;
i?ae?auaaony ?aaeecaoeey i?aaeieo oiaa?ia; caaiaauaaaony iiaay a?oiia
iio?aaeoaeae; ?anoe?yaony eee noaeaaony iaeanoue aeayoaeueiinoe
iin?aaenoaii i?eia?aoaiee eee i?iaeaae.
Iinea ii?aaeaeaiey naiae caaea/e i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao no?aoaae/aneea
oicyenoaaiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey.
No?aoaae/aneea oicyenoaaiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey (NOI) – naiinoiyoaeueiua
ioaeaeaiey eee iiae?acaeaeaiey, ioaa/athuea ca anni?oeiaioioth a?oiio
eee eaeie-eeai oiaa?iue ioaeae a ?aieao i?aaiecaoeee n eiioeaio?aoeeae
ia eiie?aoiii ?uiea e oi?aaeythuei, iaaeaeaiiui iieiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ca iauaaeeiaiea anao ooieoeee a no?aoaaeth.
No?aoaae/aneea oicyenoaaiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey – yoi iniiaiua yeaiaiou
iino?iaiey no?aoaae/aneiai ieaia ia?eaoeiaa. Eaaeaeia ec ieo eiaao
neaaeothuea iauea oa?aeoa?enoeee: eiie?aoioth i?eaioaoeeth; oi/iue
oeaeaaie ?uiie; iaeiiai ec ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ia?eaoeiaa ai aeaaa
i?aaei?eyoey; eiio?ieue ca naieie ?ano?naie; nianoaaiioth no?aoaaeth;
/aoei iaicia/aiiuo eiieo?aioia; yaiia ioee/eoaeueiia i?aeiouanoai.
Onoaiiaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa
Eaaeaeia no?aoaae/aneia oicyenoaaiiia iiae?acaeaeaiea aeieaeii
onoaiaaeeaaoue nianoaaiiua oeaee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo i?aaee auaeaeaeaiey oeaeae yaeyaony neaaeothuea:
nio?oaeieee i?aaei?eyoey aeieaeiu /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa naith ?ieue
a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e aeinoeaeaiee aai aeieaia?aiaiiuo e
e?aoein?i/iuo oeaeae, aeey /aai aeieaeiu auoue niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii
eioi?ie?iaaiu.
Aac yniie oi?ioee?iaee oeaeae (eiee/anoaaiiuo e ea/anoaaiiuo) iao
aiciiaeiinoe auiieiyoue yoi i?aaeei, a cia/eo – iao aiciiaeiinoe
iauaaeeieoue oneeey anao nio?oaeieeia ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey yoeo oeaeae.
Eiee/anoaaiiuie oeaeyie yaeythony:
iauai i?eauee;
iauai i?iaeaae (a aeaiaaeiii eee iaoo?aeueiii au?aaeaiee);
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea (a ?an/aoa ia eaaeaeiai ?aaioathuaai);
aeiey ?uiea ii oiaa?ai eee naaiaioai.
Ec ea/anoaaiiuo oeaeae iaeaieaa aaaeiuie yaeythony nioeeaeueiua oeaee:
caaioa ia ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, aaea iaoiaeeony i?aaei?eyoea;
iaania/aiea caiyoinoe a ai?iaeao, aaea aaaeaony oi?aiaey i?iecaiaeeiui
oiaa?ii, a oaeaea a naiai ai?iaea.
*ai /ao/a auaeaeaaaony oeaeue i?aaei?eyoey a ?aieao eiee/anoaa, ianoa e
a?aiaie, oai iiiyoiaa iia noaiiaeony, oai aieueoa iieuecu i?eianao yoa
oi?ioee?iaea i?e ?ac?aaioea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa e i?eaaaeaiee eiio?iey.
Oeaeae iiaeao auoue ianeieueei. Iaiaoiaeeii neaaeeoue, /oiau iie ia
i?ioeai?a/eee ae?oa ae?oao.
Oeaee ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony eino?oiaioii aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae
i?aaei?eyoey. Oae, anee oeaeueth i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony oaaee/aiea iauaia
i?eauee, oeaeueth ia?eaoeiaa iiaeao auoue iaania/aiea ?inoa /enea
ethaeae (oe?i, iieoiathueo i?iaeoeoeeth i?aaei?eyoey, eee eciaiaiea
oaoiieiaee i?iaeoeoeee oae, /oiau iaania/eoue aieaa aunieee
iio?aaeoaeueneee yooaeo e iaeiia?aiaiii nieceoue naaanoieiinoue.
Neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec
a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ia?eaoeiaa aeaaii oaea i?eiyoi (1- 2 ?aca a aiae)
caieiaoueny «aioo?aiiae ?aaeceae» eee neooaoeeiiiui aiaeecii, oi anoue
ninoaaeyoue «iiiaioaeueioth oioia?aoeth» aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a
aai ioiioaieyo n aiaoiei ie?ii.
Oaeie aiaeec iicaieyao ioeaieoue i?ioeoth aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey,
?anniio?aoue aai aeinoeaeaiey e iaoaea/e, ane?uoue i?e/eiu oao e
ae?oaeo, onoaiiaeoue eiiiaoaioiinoue nio?oaeieeia e yooaeoeaiinoue eo
?aaiou, a oaeaea a oiaea neooaoeeiiiiai aiaeeca i?aaei?eyoea ii?aaeaeyao
ia?eaoeiaiaua aiciiaeiinoe e i?iaeaiu, n eioi?uie iii iiaeao
noieeiooueny.
Neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec euao ioaaou ia aeaa iaueo aii?ina: eaeiai iuiaoiaa
iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey? A eaeii iai?aaeaiee iii aeaeaeaony? N yoie
oeaeueth eco/atho ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo, euoo aiciiaeiinoe, ioeaieaatho
aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee eo eniieueciaaoue, ii?aaeaeytho neeueiua e
neaaua noi?iiu a n?aaiaiee n eiieo?aioaie e ioeaieaatho ?aaeoeeth
eiieo?aioia ia oo eee eioth no?aoaaeth oe?iu.
Eiiaaea, ianiio?y ia ana oneeey, neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec iieacuaaao, /oi
neaaua noi?iiu iaeuecy i?aiaeieaoue e i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii i?ae?aoeoue
auione oie eee eiie a?oiiu oiaa?ia.
Neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec o?aaoao ii?aaeaeaiiiai a?aiaie e o?oaea
aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia.
No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa
No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyao, eae ioaeii i?eiaiyoue no?oeoo?o
ia?eaoeiaa, /oiau i?eaea/ue e oaeiaeaoai?eoue oeaeaaua ?uiee e aeinoe/ue
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.
A ?aoaieyo i no?oeoo?a ia?eaoeiaa aeaaiia – ieaie?iaaiea i?iaeoeoeee,
nauo, i?iaeaeaeaiea e oeaia. Aeey eaaeaeiai no?aoaae/aneiai
oicyenoaaiiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey (NOI) a i?aaei?eyoee iaiaoiaeeia
ioaeaeueiay no?aoaaey; yoe no?aoaaee aeieaeiu eii?aeeie?iaaoueny.
No?aoaaey aeieaeia auoue iaeneiaeueii yniie (iai?eia?, ieaie?iaaiea
iiaie i?iaeoeoeee aeieaeii i?aaeoniao?eaaoue onoaiiaeaiea i?ei?eoaoia,
?ani?aaeaeaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe, a?aiaiiie e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie a?aoeee,
iiaeaea?aeeo i?iaeaeaeaiey e iio?aaiinoe a iao/aiee ia?niiaea).
*anoi oe?ia auae?aao no?aoaaeth ec aeaoo eee aieaa aiciiaeiuo aa?eaioia.
Iai?eia?, eiiiaiey, eioi?ay oi/ao oaaee/eoue naith aeieth ia ?uiea aei
40 %, iiaeao naeaeaoue yoi ianeieueeeie iooyie: nicaeaoue aieaa
aeaaii?eyoiue ia?ac oiaa?a /a?ac eioaineaioth ?aeeaio; oaaee/eoue
/eneaiiinoue oi?aiaiai ia?niiaea; i?aaenoaaeoue iiaue oiaa?; iiieceoue
oeaiu eee i?iaeaaaoue /a?ac aieueoaa /enei ?icie/iuo iaaaceiia;
yooaeoeaii iauaaeeieoue e neii?aeeie?iaaoue ana yoe yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa.
Eaaeaeay ec aeueoa?iaoea ioe?uaaao ?acee/iua aiciiaeiinoe aeey
ia?eaoieiaia. Iai?eia?, oeaiiaay no?aoaaey iiaeao auoue i/aiue aeaeie,
iioiio /oi oeaiu iaiyoue eaa/a, /ai nicaeaaaoue iiaue oiaa?.
Eiathony /aou?a iiaeoiaea e ieaie?iaaieth no?aoaaee:
Iao?eoeu aiciiaeiinoae ii oiaa?ai, ?uieai.
Iao?eoea «Ainoii eiinaeoeia a?oi».
Aicaeaenoaea ?uii/iie no?aoaaee ia i?eaueue.
Iauay no?aoaae/aneay iiaeaeue Ii?oa?a.
A ?aieao anao yoeo iiaeoiaeia i?aaiecaoeey ioaeaeueii ioeaieaaao e
eniieuecoao ana naie aiciiaeiinoe, oiaa?u e iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia iniiaa yoeo ioeaiie ?ani?aaeaeythony oneeey e ?ano?nu i?aaei?eyoey, a
oaeaea ?ac?aaaouaathony niioaaonoaothuea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa.
Iao?eoea aiciiaeiinoae ii oiaa?ai, ?uieai i?aaeoniao?eaaao
eniieueciaaiea /aou?ao aeueoa?iaoeaiuo no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa aeey
nio?aiaiey eee oaaee/aiey nauoa; i?iieeiiaaiea ia ?uiie, ?acaeoea ?uiea,
?ac?aaioea oiaa?a e aeeaa?neoeeaoeey.
Auai? no?aoaaee caaeneo io noaiaie ianuuaiiinoe ?uiea e aiciiaeiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iiaoo ni/aoaoueny aeaa eee aieaa no?aoaaee.
No?aoaaey i?iieeiiaaiey ia ?uiie yooaeoeaia aeey no?aoaae/aneeo
oicyenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee, eiaaea ?uiie ?anoao eee aua ia ianuuai.
I?aaei?eyoea no?aieony ?anoe?eoue nauo eiathueony oiaa?ia ia
nouanoaothueo ?uieao i?e iiiiue eioaineoeeaoeee oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey,
ianooiaoaeueiiai i?iaeaeaeaiey e naiuo eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo oeai. Yoi
oaaee/eaaao nauo: i?eaeaeaao oao, eoi ?aiueoa ia iieueciaaeny
i?iaeoeoeeae aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea eeeaioia eiieo?aioia e
oaaee/eaaao ni?in oaea i?eaea/aiiuo iio?aaeoaeae.
No?aoaaey ?acaeoey ?uiea yooaeoeaia, anee i?aaei?eyoea no?aieony
?anoe?eoue naie ?uiie; a ?acoeueoaoa eciaiaiey noeey aeecie e
aeaiia?aoe/aneeo oaeoi?ia aicieeatho iiaua naaiaioa ia ?uiea; aeey
oi?ioi ecaanoiie i?iaeoeoeee auyaeythony iiaua iaeanoe i?eiaiaiey.
I?aaei?eyoea no?aieony oaaee/eoue nauo nouanoaothueo oiaa?ia ia ?uieao,
iia iiaeao i?iieeaoue ia iiaua aaia?aoe/aneea ?uiee; auoiaeeoue ia iiaua
naaiaiou ?uiea, ni?in ia eioi?ua aua ia oaeiaeaoai?ai; ii-iiaiio
i?aaeeaaaoue nouanoaothuea oiaa?u; eniieueciaaoue iiaua iaoiaeu
?ani?aaeaeaiey e nauoa; naeaeaoue aieaa ianuuaiiuie oneeey ii
i?iaeaeaeaieth.
No?aoaaey ?ac?aaioee oiaa?a yooaeoeaia, eiaaea no?aoaae/aneia
oicyenoaaiiia iiae?acaeaeaiea eiaao ?yae oniaoiuo oi?aiauo ia?ie e
iieuecoaony i?eaa?aeaiiinoueth iio?aaeoaeae. I?aaei?eyoea ?ac?aaaouaaao
iiaua eee iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiua oiaa?u aeey nouanoaothueo ?uieia.
I?aaei?eyoea aeaeaao oii? ia iiaua oaoiieiaee, oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa e
ae?oaea iaeeea eiiiaaoeee, oanii naycaiiua n oaea aiaae?aiiuie oiaa?aie
e ?aaeecoao eo iio?aaeoaeyi, eiyeueii iano?iaiiui ii ioiioaieth e
aeaiiiio i?aaei?eyoeth e aai oi?aiaie ia?ea. Eniieuecothony
o?aaeeoeeiiiua iaoiaeu nauoa; i?iaeaeaeaiea aeaeaao oii? ia oi, /oi
iiaua oiaa?u auioneathony oi?ioi ecaanoiui i?aaei?eyoeai.
No?aoaaey aeeaa?neoeeaoeee eniieuecoaony aeey oiai, /oiau i?aaei?eyoea
ia noaei /a?an/o? caaeneiui iaeiiai no?aoaae/aneiai oicyenoaaiiiai
iiae?acaeaeaiey eee iaeiie anni?oeiaioiie a?oiiu. I?aaei?eyoea ia/eiaao
auione iiauo oiaa?ia, i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia iiaua ?uiee. Yoe oiaa?u iiaoo
auoue iiauie aeey io?anee eee oieueei aeey oe?iu.
?UIIE
NOA?UE IIAUE
?enoiie 1.1 – Iao?eoea aiciiaeiinoae ii oiaa?ai, ?uieai
Iao?eoea «Ainoii eiinaeoeia a?oi» iicaieyao i?aaei?eyoeth
eeanneoeoee?iaaoue eaaeaeia ec naieo no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee ii aai aeiea ia ?uiea ioiineoaeueii iniiaiuo eiieo?aioia
e oaiiai aiaeiaiai ?inoa a io?anee. Eniieuecoy iao?eoeo, oe?ia iiaeao
ii?aaeaeeoue, ai-ia?auo, eaeia ec aa no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee ea?aao aaaeouoth ?ieue ii n?aaiaieth n eiieo?aioaie e,
ai-aoi?uo, eaeiaa aeeiaieea aa ?uieia: ?acaeaathony iie,
noaaeeece?othony eee nie?auathony.
A iniiaa iao?eoeu eaaeeo i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi /ai aieueoa aeiey
no?aoaae/aneiai oicyenoaaiiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey ia ?uiea, oai ieaea
ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee e auoa i?eaueue a ?acoeueoaoa yeiiiiee io
ianooaaia i?iecaiaenoaa, iaeiieaiey iiuoa e oeo/oaiey iiceoeee i?e
caeeth/aiee naeaeie.
Iao?eoea auaeaeyao /aou?a oeia no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee:»caacaeu», «aeieiua ei?iau», «o?oaeiua aeaoe» e «niaaee»
e i?aaeiieaaaao no?aoaaeth aeey eaaeaeiai ec ieo .
«Caacaea» caieiaao eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea (aunieay aeiey ia ?uiea) a
?acaeaathuaeny io?anee (auno?ue ?ino).
Iniiaiay oeaeue – iiaeaea?aeaoue ioee/eoaeueiia i?aeiouanoai
i?aaei?eyoey a oneiaeyo ?anoouae eiieo?aioeee. «Caacaea» aeaao
cia/eoaeueiua i?eauee, ii o?aaoao aieueoeo iauaiia ?ano?nia aeey
oeiaine?iaaiey i?iaeieaeathuaainy ?inoa. Aeieth ia ?uiea iiaeii
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eee oaaee/eaaoue /a?ac nieaeaiea oeaiu, aieueoie iauai
?aeeaiu, eciaiaiea i?iaeoeoeee eee aieaa iaoe?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea.
Ii ia?a oiai, eae ?acaeoea io?anee caiaaeeyaony «caacaea» i?aa?auaaony a
«aeieioth ei?iao».
«Aeieiay ei?iaa» caieiaao eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea (aieueoay aeiey ia
?uiea) a ioiineoaeueii c?aeie eee nie?auathuaeny io?anee (iaaeeaiiue
?ino). Yoi no?aoaae/aneiai oicyenoaaiiia iiae?acaeaeaiea iau/ii eiaao
i?aaeaiiuo i?eaa?aeaioeaa ec /enea iio?aaeoaeae, e eiieo?aioai neiaeii
eo ia?aiaieoue. Iineieueeo nauo ioiineoaeueii noaaeeai, aac
cia/eoaeueiuo cao?ao ia ia?eaoeia e ?ac?aaioee «aeieiay ei?iaa» aeaao
aieueoa, /ai iaiaoiaeeii aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey aa aeiee ia ?uiea, i?eauee
(iaee/iuo aeaiaa). Yoe aeaiueee iiaeaea?aeeaatho ?ino ae?oaeo
no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey.
Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey oe?iu i?eaioe?oaony ia «iaiiieiathuoth ?aeeaio»,
ia?eiaee/aneea oeaiiaua neeaeee, iiaeaea?aeaiea eaiaeia nauoa e
i?aaeeiaeaiea iiauo aa?eaioia aeey noeioee?iaaiey iiaoi?iuo iieoiie.
«O?oaeiue ?aaaiie», iacia/eoaeueii aicaeaenoaoao ia ?uiie (iaeaiueeay
aeiey ia ?uiea) a ?acaeaathuaeny io?anee (auno?ue ?ino). Iiaeaea?aeea ni
noi?iiu iio?aaeoaeae iacia/eoaeueia, aaaeouaa iieiaeaiea ia ?uiea
caieiatho oiaa?u eiieo?aioia. Aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey eee oaaee/aiey aeiee
ia ?uiea a oneiaeyo neeueiie eiieo?aioeee ioaeiu cia/eoaeueiua
n?aaenoaa. I?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii ?aoeoue, neaaeoao ee ?anoe?eoue
?anoiaeu ia i?iaeaeaeaiea, aeoeaiaa eneaoue iiaua eaiaeu nauoa, eco/eoue
oa?aeoa?enoeee e nieceoue oeaiu e oeoe n ?uiea. Auai? no?aoaaee caaeneo
io oiai, aa?eo ee oe?ia, /oi aeaiiia iiae?acaeaeaiea iiaeao oniaoii
eiieo?e?iaaoue i?e niioaaonoaothuae iiaeaea?aeea, e ai /oi iaieaeaony
oaeay iiaeaea?aeea.
«Niaaea» – yoi no?aoaae/aneia oicyenoaaiiia iiae?acaeaeaiea n
ia?aie/aiiui iauaiii nauoa (iaeaiueeay aeiey a ?uiea) a c?aeie eee
nie?auathuaeny io?anee (iaaeeaiiue ?ino).
Ianiio?y ia aeinoaoi/ii aeeeoaeueiia i?enoonoaea ia ?uiea, aio ia
oaeaeinue i?eaea/ue e naaa aeinoaoi/iia eiee/anoai iio?aaeoaeae e iii
nouanoaaiii ionoaao io eiieo?aioia ii nauoo, ia?aco, no?oeoo?a
ecaea?aeae e o.ae. Aeey iaai oa?aeoa?iu /?acia?iua ecaea?aeee e
iacia/eoaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe ?inoa.
I?aaei?eyoea, eiathuaa oaeia iiae?acaeaeaiea iiaeao iiiuoaoueny aueoe ia
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiue ?uiie; ecaea/ue i?eaueue iin?aaenoaii eeeaeaeaoeee
aei ieieioia iaania/eaathuaainy ianeoaeeaaiey eee oeoe n ?uiea.
IOIINEOAEUeIAss AeIEss IA ?UIEA
AUNIEAss IECEAss
?enoiie 1.2 – Iao?eoea «Ainoii eiinaeoeia a?oi»
I?ia?aiia aicaeaenoaey ?uii/iie no?aoaaee ia i?eaueue, inouanoaeyaiay
Einoeoooii no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey, i?aaeiieaaaao nai? aeaiiuo io
?yaea ei?ii?aoeee aeey oiai, /oiau onoaiiaeoue acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo
?acee/iuie yeiiiie/aneeie ia?aiao?aie e aeaoiy oa?aeoa?enoeeaie
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey: aeioiaeii io eiaanoeoeee e aeaeaeaieai
iaee/iuo n?aaenoa.
Niaeanii ?acoeueoaoai aeaiiie i?ia?aiiu, ia aeioiae neeueiaa anaai
aeeytho neaaeothuea oaeoi?u, naycaiiua n ia?eaoeiaii: aeiey ia ?uiea
ioiineoaeueii o?ao aaaeoueo eiieo?aioia; noieiinoue aeiaaaeaiiay
eiiiaieae; ?ino io?anee; ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee; o?iaaiue eiiiaaoeee.
Ioiineoaeueii aeaeaeaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, aeaiiua i?ia?aiiu
iieacuaatho, /oi ?anoouea ?uiee o?aaotho io eiiiaiee n?aaenoa,
ioiineoaeueii aunieay aeiey ia ?uiea oeo/oaao iinooieaiea aeaiaa, a
aunieea o?iaie eiaanoeoeee iiaeiuatho aeaiueae.
Eioi?iaoeey niae?aaony no?aoaae/aneeie oicyenoaaiiuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie,
aa?aae?oaony ii io?aneyi e iai?aaeyaony o/anoaothuei i?aaei?eyoeyi a
neaaeothueo oi?iao:
noaiaea?oiua niiauaiey – eioi?iaoeey i n?aaeiai aeioiaea io eiaanoeoeee,
eiieo?aioeee, oaoiieiaee e no?oeoo?a ecaea?aeae;
niiauaiey ii aiaeeco no?aoaaee – iienaiea aicaeaenoaey eciaiaiee a
no?aoaaee ia e?aoei- e aeieain?i/iue aeioiae io eiaanoeoeee e aeaeaeaiea
iaee/iuo n?aaenoa;
niiauaiey ia iioeiaeueiuo no?aoaaeyo – eceiaeaiea no?aoaaee,
iaeneiece?othuae ?acoeueoaou;
n?aaieoaeueiua niiauaiey – aiaeec oaeoeee noiaeeo eiieo?aioia, eae
oaea/eeauo, oae e iaoaea/eeauo.
Iauay no?aoaae/aneay iiaeaeue Ii?oa?a ?anniao?eaaao aeaa iniiaiua
eiioeaioeee ieaie?iaaiey ia?eaoeiaa e aeueoa?iaoeau, i?enouea eaaeaeie
ec ieo; auai? oeaeaaiai ?uiea (a ?aieao anae io?anee eee ioaeaeueiuo
naaiaioia) e no?aoaae/aneia i?aeiouanoai (oieeaeueiinoue eee oeaia).
Iauaaeeiyy yoe aeaa eiioeaioeee, iiaeaeue Ii?oa?a eiaeaioeoeoee?oao
neaaeothuea no?aoaaee:
a) i?aeiouanoai ii ecaea?aeeai;
a) no?aoaaey aeeooa?aioeeaoeee;
a) no?aoaaey eiioeaio?aoeee.
Eniieuecoy no?aoaaeth i?aeiouanoaa ii ecaea?aeeai i?aaei?eyoea
i?eaioe?oaony ia oe?ieee ?uiie e i?iecaiaeeo oiaa?u a aieueoii
eiee/anoaa. I?e iiiiue ianniaiai i?iecaiaenoaa iii iiaeao
ieieiece?iaaoue oaeaeueiua ecaea?aeee e i?aaeeaaaoue ieceea oeaiu. Yoi
iicaieyao eiaoue aieaa aunieoth aeieth i?eauee ii n?aaiaieth n
eiieo?aioaie, eo/oa ?aaeeciaaoue ia ino naaanoieiinoe e i?eaeaeaoue
iio?aaeoaeae oeai.
Eniieuecoy no?aoaaeth aeeooa?aioeeaoeee, i?aaei?eyoea iaoeaeeaaaony ia
aieueoie ?uiie, i?aaeeaaay oiaa?, eioi?ue ?anniao?eaaaony eae
auaeaeythueeny, i?aaiecaoeey auioneaao i?eaeaeaoaeueiue aeey iiiaeo
oiaa?, eioi?ue oai ia iaiaa ?anniao?eaaaony iio?aaeoaeyie, eae
oieeaeueiue a neeo aai aeecaeia, oa?aeoa?enoee, aeinooiiinoe,
iaaeaaeiinoe. A ?acoeueoaoa oeaia ia ea?aao aaaeiie ?iee, e iio?aaeoaee
i?eia?aoatho aeinoaoi/ioth eiyeueiinoue e oiaa?iie ia?ea.
A ?aieao no?aoaaee eiioeaio?aoeee i?aaei?eyoea auaeaeyao niaoeeoe/aneee
naaiaio ?uiea /a?ac ieceea oeaiu eee oieeaeueiia i?aaeeiaeaiea. Iii
iiaeao eiio?iee?iaaoue ecaea?aeee iin?aaenoaii eiioeaio?aoeee oneeee ia
ianeieueeeo eeth/aauo oiaa?ao, i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey niaoeeoe/aneeo
iio?aaeoaeae, nicaeaiey iniaie ?aiooaoeee i?e ianeoaeeaaiee ?uiea,
eioi?ue iiaeao auoue iaoaeiaeaoai?ai eiieo?aioaie. Eaaeaeue ec iienaiiuo
no?aoaae/aneeo iiaeoiaeia eiaao iauea neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu.
Eo iniiaiui aeinoieinoaii yaeyaony oi, /oi auyaeythony e ii?aaeaeythony
ana ioaeiua i?aaei?eyoeth oiaa?u eee aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe; ia iniiaa
yoiai aiaeeca ?aeiiaiaeothony ?acee/iua no?aoaaee; iiaeii ioeaieaaoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea ioiineoaeueii iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae; auyaeythony
i?eioeeiu, iicaieythuea aeiaeoueny oeo/oaiey, e?iia oiai, iiaeii
ioneaaeeaaoue aeaenoaey eiieo?aioia e ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia.
Iniiaiua iaaeinoaoee iiaeoiaeia caeeth/athony a oii, /oi eo neiaeii
i?eiaiyoue; iie iiaoo auoue neeoeii oi?iuaiiuie e oioneaoue aaaeiua
oaeoi?u; /?acia?ii /oanoaeoaeueiu e eciaiaieyi a ii?aaeaeaiee
no?aoaae/aneiai oicyenoaaiiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey e e?eoa?eaa ioeaiee;
iaaeinoaoi/ii o/eouaatho oneiaey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e iiaee?aieaiu
iao/iuie enneaaeiaaieyie.
?aaeecaoeey oaeoeee
Anee no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa iie?aaony ia i?iaiice?iaaiea aeieain?i/iuo
ia?niaeoea eciaiaiey ?uieia e iio?aaiinoae iieoiaoaeae, oi oaeoeea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiie?aoiua aeaenoaey, auiieiyaiua n oeaeueth
?aaeecaoeee caaeaiiie ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee.
Oaeoeea ?ac?aaaouaaaony ia aiae-iieoi?a e ?aaoey?ii, ia aeiaeeaeaynue
enoa/aiey yoiai n?iea, iiaeaa?aaaony ?aaecee e, anee iaiaoiaeeii,
ei??aeoe?oaony. E /eneo caaea/, ?aoaaiuo oaeoeeie ia?eaoeiaa, ioiinyony
neaaeothuea: i?aaiecaoeey oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, i?aaiecaoeey ?aeeaiu e
noeioee?iaaiey i?iaeaae a niioaaonoaee n aeeciaiiui oeeeeii eaaeaeiai
oiaa?a, ii?aaeaeaiea i?eioeeiia auoiaea ia ?uiie (naaiaio) n iiaui
oiaa?ii.
Oe?iu, oniaoii i?eiaiythuea no?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea, iaania/eaatho
eeoe, i?eieiathueo ?aoaiea, iaiaoiaeeiie /aoeie eioi?iaoeeae, iaeaaeatho
cia/eoaeueiui ioee/eoaeueiui i?aeiouanoaii e aaniieiyony i naieo
iio?aaeoaeyo; noeioee?otho ?oeiaiaeeoaeae eniieueciaaoue naie
niiniaiinoe e auoue aaeaioeaiuie, a oaeaea noeioee?otho aeaeinoue e
ianooaaiinoue.
Oaeoeea ia?eaoeiaa aeieaeia auoue oaeie, /oiau iaania/eoue oe?ia
aeoeaiinoue e ?acaycaoue eieoeeaoeao anao aa ?aaioiaeaoaeae.
Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, naienoaaiiua oe?iai oaeiai iai?aaeaiey
aeayoaeueiinoe:
aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai – ia naiuo aunieeo aeieaeiinoyo iaoiaeyony eeoea
ioaaonoaaiiua ca nauo; iaania/aia aini?eei/eainoue e iiaui niiniaai
oi?aaeaiey; a oe?ia nicaeaia aoiinoa?a iiiu?aiey eieoeeaoeaiuo
?aaioieeia;
o?aaiaaiey e ia?niiaeo – ?aaoey?ii aaaeaony ia?aiiaeaioiaea oi?aaeythueo
n?aaeiaai caaia; iiieaeaiea a aeieaeiinoe eeoe, ia auneacuaathueo
ioaeiie eiiiaoaioeee; eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua iaycaiiinoe ii?aaeaeaiu
ienueiaiiuie eino?oeoeeyie; noaia no?oeoo?u oe?iu aeiaaaeaia aei anao;
aaaeaony ?aaoey?iia eioi?ie?iaaiea ia anao o?iaiyo i iieeoeea oe?iu;
ioiioaiey e aeayoaeueiinoe ae?oaeo oe?i – iiiu?yaony eco/aiea e
eniieueciaaiea /oaeiai iiuoa; aaaeaony nenoaiaoe/aneee aiaeec
oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey naiae io?anee e niaaeiuo io?aneae a no?aia;
i?eaeaeathony eiinoeueoaiou, /oiau ioeaieoue aeayoaeueiinoue oe?iu.
N o?iaiai aeiaeaiee a ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue e a?aiaiai
inouanoaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiauo aeaenoaee naycaiu aeaa aaaeiuo oaeoe/aneeo
?aoaiey.
Aeiaeaiey a ia?eaoeia iiae?acaeaeytho ia ia?aaioeo caeacia e iieo/aiea
caeacia.
Ecaea?aeee ia ia?aaioeo caeacia i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua
n ioi?ieaieai e auiieiaieai caeacia, iai?eia? caiieiaiea aeaieia
caeacia, eiiiuethoa?iia a?aiy e ia?auaiea n oiaa?ii. Oeaeue –
ieieiece?iaaoue yoe ecaea?aeee i?e caaeaiiii o?iaia na?aena.
?anoiaeu, nicaeathuea caeacu, oaeea, eae ?aeeaia e ia?niiaeueiay
i?iaeaaea, nicaeatho aeioiaeu. Eo nieaeaiea ieioi iiaeao iiaeeyoue ia
nauo e i?eaueue oe?iu. Iiyoiio i?aaiecaoeee iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieoue
aeioiaeu i?e ?acee/iuo o?iaiyo ecaea?aeae e ?acee/iuo ni/aoaieyo
ia?eaoeiaiauo ooieoeee. Iaeneiaeueiay i?eaueue ?aaeei aeinoeaaaony.
Eiaaea o?iaaiue yoeo ?anoiaeia iecie.
Aoi?ia aaaeiia oaeoe/aneia ?aoaiea naycaii n ii?aaeaeaieai a?aiaiiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe ia?eaoeiaiauo iia?aoeee. I?aaeeueii aua?aoue a?aiy
– cia/eo ia?aainoaiaaoue a i?aaenoaaeaiee oiaa?a; aaanoe oiaa? ia ?uiie,
eiaaea ?uiie a iaeaieueoae noaiaie aioia e yoiio; auno?i ?aaae?iaaoue ia
no?aoaaeth eiieo?aioia, /oiau canoaoue eo a?anieio. I?aaei?eyoea
aeieaeii niioiineoue naia no?aieaiea auoue eeaea?ii e iaeaaeaoue /aoeei
eiieo?aioiui i?aeiouanoaii ni naieie i?aaenoaaeaieyie i ?enea
eiiiaaoeeiiiuo aeaenoaee. A ethaii neo/aa i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii
iiieiaoue, /oi ia?eaoeiaiaua aiciiaeiinoe nouanoaotho a oa/aiee
ia?aie/aiiiai a?aiaie e aeaenoaiaaoue iaaei niioaaonoaaiii.
7) Neaaeaiea ca ?acoeueoaoii aeeth/aao n?aaiaiea ieaie?oaiuo iieacaoaeae
n ?aaeueiuie aeinoeaeaieyie ia i?ioyaeaiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai ia?eiaea
a?aiaie. Aeey yoiai iiaeii eniieueciaaoue athaeaeaou, a?aiaiiua a?aoeee,
aeaiiua nauoa e aiaeec ecaea?aeae. Anee ?aaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
ionoaao io ieaiia, oi iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoue niioaaonoaothuea ia?u, iinea
oiai, eae aoaeoo ii?aaeaeaiu iaeanoe, a eioi?uo aicieeath i?iaeaiu. A
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo ieaiu i?eoiaeeony ia?aniao?eaaoue ec-ca aicaeaenoaey
iaeiio?iee?oaiuo ia?aiaiiuo ia nauo e ecaea?aeee. Iaeioi?ua
aeaeueiiaeaeiua i?aaei?eyoey ?ac?aaaouaatho oaeea ieaiu, eioi?ua
ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeytho, /oi ioaeii aeaeaoue a neo/aa iaaeaaii?eyoiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoa.
1.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae»
I?iecaiaenoaaiiia i?aaei?eyoea – yoi iainiaeaiiay niaoeeaeece?iaaiiay
aaeeieoea, iniiaaiea eioi?ie yaeyaony i?ioanneiiaeueii i?aaieciaaiiue
o?oaeiaie eieeaeoea, niiniaiue n iiiiuueth eiathueony a aai
?anii?yaeaiee n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa ecaioiaeoue ioaeioth iio?aaeoaeyi
i?iaeoeoeeth, niioaaonoaothuaai iacia/aiey, i?ioeey e anni?oeiaioa.
?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae ?aciauaaony a ?iaaineii
i?iiuoeaiiii ocea ieuaauo i?aaei?eyoee.
Aaaaeai a yenieoaoaoeeth a 1974 aiaeo.
Ia caaiaea i?iaaaeaia ?aeiino?oeoeey n /anoe/iie caiaiie iai?oaeiaaiey,
aaaaeaii iiaia i?ia?anneaiia iai?oaeiaaiea.
Eae IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ?aaioaao n 01.10.1996
aiaea.
I?aaei?eyoea ioiineony e iyniie io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aoiaeeo a ninoaa
iaeanoiie annioeeaoeee «Oa?ueeiaiynii?ii» e Oe?aeineie iaoeeiiaeueiie
annioeeaoeee «Oe?iyni» Ieienoa?noaa aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena Oe?aeiu.
Iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie aeayoaeueiinoe ioe?uoiai aeoeeiie?iaaiiiai
iauanoaa yaeyaony i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeey eieaaniuo ecaeaeee, iyniuo
iieooaa?eeaoia.
Ia aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua eeoeaice?othony (?aaeecaoeey
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo e iai?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia, oi?aiaay
aeayoaeueiinoue a noa?a iauanoaaiiiai ieoaiey, iioiaay oi?aiaey
iai?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuie oiaa?aie) i?aaei?eyoea eiaao eeoeaicee, iaoaiou,
i?aea?a ia oi?aiaua ianoa.
I?aaei?eyoea yaeyaony ieaoaeueueeii iaeiaia e nai?ia a athaeaeao e
aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu. Iiaeaao io/aoiinoue a iaeiaiaoth
aaeieieno?aoeeth ii I?aeaeiieeeaecaaneiio ?aeiio, i?aaiu ?aeiiiie e
iaeanoiie noaoenoeee, Eiienneth ii oeaiiui aoiaaai e oiiaeiaiio ?uieo.
Ia?aay yienney aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa ca?aaeno?e?iaaia ?aaeiiaeueiui
ioaeaeaieai Ainoaea?noaaiiie eiiennee ii oeaiiui aoiaaai e oiiaeiaiio
?uieo. Aeaiiia i?aaei?eyoea iaeaaeaao onoaaiui eaieoaeii, eioi?ue
ninoieo ec iniiaiuo oiiaeia e iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa.
Onoaaiie oiiae iauanoaa ninoaaeyao 1497500 a?i. eiaiiuo aeoeee
iiieiaeueiie noieiinoueth 0,25 a?i. eaaeaeay.
Iaeaaeaoaeyie aeoeee yaeythony: 51,0 % UGF/ «Neaia»; 47,6% – oece/aneea
eeoea, aeeth/ay nio?oaeieeia; 1,3 % – ae?oaea ioeoeeaeueiua eiaanoi?u.
Iniiaiua oiiaeu – yoi /anoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, eioi?ay
aauanoaaiii aiieiuaia a n?aaenoaa o?oaea, nio?aiyao a oa/aiee
aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie naith iaoo?aeueioth oi?io, ia?aiineo ii /anoyi
noieiinoue ia i?iaeoeoeeth e aiciauaaony oieueei iinea i?iaaaeaiey
ianeieueeeo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oeeeeia.
Iniiaiua oiiaeu aeaeyony ia iniiaiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua e iniiaiua
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu.
E iniiaiui i?iecaiaenoaaiiui oiiaeai ioiinyony oiiaeu, eioi?ua
iaiin?aaenoaaiii o/anoaotho a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii i?ioeanna (iaoeiu,
iai?oaeiaaiea) eee nicaeatho oneiaey aeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna
(i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caeaiey, o?oaii?iaiaeu e ae?).
Iniiaiua iai?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu – yoi iauaeou auoiaiai e
eoeueoo?iiai iacia/aiey, iaaeeoeeineia o/?aaeaeaiea, ieiia?neee eaaa?ue.
Aeey o/aoa e ieaie?iaaiey aini?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiua oiiaeu aeaeyony ia
a?oiiu e aeaeu a niioaaonoaee ni n?ieii neoaeau e iacia/aieai a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiii i?ioeanna.
Iniiaiua oiiaeu i?aaei?eyoey ?acaeaeythony ia o?e iniiaiua a?oiiu:
I a?oiia – caeaiey, iauae ieiuaaeueth 26357 i2 , nii?oaeaiey,
ia?aaeaoi/iua ono?ienoaa.
II a?oiia – aaoiiiaeeueiue o?ainii?o, i?eai?u, eiiiuethoa?u (Pentium
IYAI 586 – 3 oo.; IYAI 486 – 7 oo.; IYAI 286 – 2 oo.)
III a?oiia – i?i/ea iniiaiua n?aaenoaa (ia aioaaeoea a ? e ?? a?oiiu).
Oaeaeueiue aan eaaeaeie a?oiiu a noiia iniiaiuo oiiaeia ninoaaeytho:
? a?oiia – 92,4 %
?? a?oiia – 3%
??? a?oiia – 4,60 %
100%
Noieiinoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia (ii inoaoi/iie noieiinoe) – 8732 oun. a?i.
I?ioeaio aii?oecaoeee iniiaiuo oiiaeia ia i?aaei?eyoee a n?aaeiai ii
a?oiiai ninoaaeyao:
? a?oiia – 5 %
?? a?oiia – 25 %
??? a?oiia – 15 %
Aii?oecaoeey auiieiyao noeioee?othuoth ooieoeeth, i?aaeoniao?eaay
iaeaieaa iieiia eniieueciaaiea iniiaiuo oiiaeia: /ai aeeeoaeueiaa
ia?eiae ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, oai aieueoa i?iecaiaeeony i?iaeoeoeee e oai
nei?aa aoaeao ia?aianaia noieiinoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia. Yoi iicaieeo
oiaiueoeoue eo iaaeiaiio?ecaoeeth aneaaenoaea ii?aeueiiai eciina e
nieceoue iioa?e i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeey o/aoa aii?oecaoeee eniieuecothony aii?oecaoeeiiiua io/eneaiey, o.a.
aeaiaaeiia au?aaeaiea ia?aianaiiie noieiinoe. Aii?oecaoeeiiiua
io/eneaiey aoiaeyo a ninoaa naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee (ecaea?aeae
i?iecaiaenoaa).
Aaee/eia aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee ii?aaeaeyaony ii ii?iai
aii?oecaoeee io ia?aiia/aeueiie noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia n o/aoii
n?iea eo neoaeau. Ii?ia aii?oecaoeee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiaeiaie %
iiaaoaiey noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia.
I?aaei?eyoea i?eiaiyao ?aaiiia?iue iaoiae aii?oecaoeee, ii
i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi e caaa?oaieth n?iea neoaeau eeeaeaeaoeeiiiay
noieiinoue ?aaia 0, a oaeaea iiaeao i?eiaiyoue iaoiae onei?aiiie
aii?oecaoeee, a ioiioaiee iniiaiuo oiiaeia eniieuecoaiuo aeey oaaee/aiey
auionea n?aaenoa au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee, iiauo i?ia?anneaiuo aeaeia
iaoa?eaeia, i?eai?ia e iai?oaeiaaiey, ?anoe?aiey yenii?oa i?iaeoeoeee, a
neo/ayo, eiaaea iie caiaiytho eciioaiioth e ii?aeueii onoa?aaooth
oaoieeo.
Onei?aiiay aii?oecaoeey iniiaiuo oiiaeia ii a?oiia ??? ia i?eiaiyaony,
oae eae yoi i?eaaaeao e ?inoo cao?ao e niioaaonoaaiii e iiauoaieth
o?iaiy oeai ia auioneaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth.
Ia i?aaei?eyoee /anoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia «caeiina?ae?iaaiu», /oi
ninoaaeyao 36, 2 % e noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia ? a?oiiu, /oi aeaei
aiciiaeiinoue /anoe/ii nieceoue cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai
(aii?oecaoeeth).
Ia?yaeo n iniiaiuie oiiaeaie aeey ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey eiaao ia?iiiia
cia/aiea iaee/ea iioeiaeueiiai eiee/anoaa iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa.
Iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa – yoi niaieoiiinoue aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa,
aaaine?oaiuo aeey nicaeaiey iai?ioiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia e
oiiaeia ia?auaiey, iaania/eaathuee iai?a?uaiue e?oaiai?io aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa.
Iai?ioiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu – yoi i?aaeiaou o?oaea (nu?uea,
iniiaiua iaoa?eaeu e iieooaa?eeaou, aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu, oiieeai,
oa?a); iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai e ?anoiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia.
Aeaaiie oeaeueth oi?aaeaiey iai?ioiuie n?aaenoaaie, yaeyaony
iaeneiecaoeey i?eauee ia aeiaeaiiue eaieoae i?e iaania/aiee onoie/eaie
e aeinoaoi/iie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
A i?aaei?eyoee IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» nicaeathony
neaaeothuea oiiaeu:
?aca?aiue oiiae – oi?ie?oaony iooai aaeaaiaeiuo io/eneaiee a ?acia?a 5 %
io /enoie i?eauee aei aeinoeaeaiey ia iaiaa 25 % onoaaiiai oiiaea aeey
iie?uoey cao?ao ii oieaoai iauanoaa, a oaeaea aeey i?eia?aoaiey aeoeee
iauanoaa.
Oiiae aeeaeaeaiaeia nicaeaaony ca n/ao /enoie i?eauee iauanoaa. ?acia?
ieaiiaie e ia/eneaiiie noiiu yoiai oiiaea ooaa?aeaeaaony aunoei
i?aaiii iauanoaa, o.a. iauei nia?aieai ii i?aaeiieiaeaieyi I?aaeaiey.
Oiiae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ?acaeoey oi?ie?oaony iinea oi?ie?iaaiey
?aca?aiiai oiiaea e oiiaea aeeaeaeaiaeia. N?aaenoaa iai?aaeythony ia
oaoie/aneia ia?ainiauaiea, ?aeiino?oeoeeth e ?anoe?aiey i?iecaiaenoaa,
inaiaiea iiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Oiiae nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey nicaeaaony iinea oi?ie?iaaiey
auoaia?a/eneaiiuo oiiaeia.
Oneiaey e ii?yaeie ia?aciaaiey e eniieueciaaiey oiiaeia ii?aaeaeyaony
eieeaeoeaiui aeiaiai?ii i?aaei?eyoey.
Eaae?u i?aaei?eyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue ?aaioieeia ?acee/iuo
i?ioanneiiaeueii-eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiuo a?oii, caiyouo ia i?aaei?eyoee e
aoiaeyueo a aai nieni/iue ninoaa.
A nieni/iue ninoaa aeeth/aaony ana ?aaioieee, i?eiyoua ia ?aaioo,
naycaiioth eae n iniiaiie , oae a iainiiaiie aai aeayoaeueiinoueth.
Eaae?u yaeythony aeaaiui ?ano?nii i?aaei?eyoey, io ea/anoaa e
yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey eioi?iai ai iiiaii caaenyo ?acoeueoaou
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e aai eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue.
O?oaeiaua ?ano?nu i?eaiaeyo a aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueii-aauanoaaiiua
yeaiaiou i?iecaiaenoaa, nicaeatho i?iaeoeo, noieiinoue e i?eaaai/iue
i?iaeoeo a oi?ia i?eauee.
Eaae?iaue ninoaa eee ia?niiae i?aaei?eyoey e aai eciaiaiey eiatho
eiee/anoaaiiua, ea/anoaaiiua e no?oeoo?iua oa?aeoa?enoeee, eioi?ua iiaoo
auoue n iaiueoae eee aieueoae noaiaiueth aeinoiaa?iinoe ecia?aiu eee
io?aaeaiu neaaeothueie aaniethoiuie e ioiineoaeueiuie iieacaoaeyie:
nieni/iay e yai/iay /eneaiiinoue ?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoey eee aai
aioo?aiieo iiae?acaeaeaiee, ioaeaeueiuo eaoaai?ee e a?oii ia
ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaoo;
n?aaeianieni/iay /eneaiiinoue ?aaioieeia ca ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae;
oaeaeueiue aan ?aaioieeia ioaeaeueiuo a?oii, eaoaai?ee a iauae
/eneaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey;
n?aaeiee noaae ?aaiou ii niaoeeaeueiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e niaoeeaeenoia
i?aaei?eyoey;
oaeo/anoue eaae?ia ii i?eaio e oaieueiaieth ?aaioieeia.
Ii ninoiyieth ia 01.01.1998 a. /eneaiiinoue caaiaea ninoaaeea 487
/aeiaae.
Aeaeaeaiea /eneaiiinoe ca 1998 aiae:
i?eiyoi 22 /aeiaaea
oaieaii 80 /aeiaae
*eneaiiinoue ii ninoiyieth ia 01.01.1999 a. ninoaaeea 429 /aeiaae.
Iaeeaeaaony aeaeueiaeoaa nie?auaiea eaae?ia ia 10-15 % a 1999 aiaeo.
Iaai ?aaioieeia ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao inouanoaeyaony a neo/aa
nicaeaiey iiauo ioaeaeia (a oii /enea ?anoe?aiey ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa),
iiae?acaeaeaiee, neoaea, a oaeaea a neo/aa ?anoe?aiey iauaia
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee eee auiieiyaiuo ?aaio e ia caiaio auauaoei ii
?acee/iui i?e/eiai e iniiaaieyi ?aaioieeia.
I?e iaeia iiauo ?aaioieeia e iei ii?aaeaeythony neaaeothuea
o?aaiaaiey: o?iaaiue ia?aciaaiey; oece/aneea aiciiaeiinoe, aeeth/ay
aic?ano; iiuo ?aaiou; niiniaiinoe e neeiiiinoe e auiieiaieth aeaiiie
?aaiou; eioa?anu; eieoeeaoeaa e yia?ae/iinoue.
A i?ioeanna auai?a ?aaioieea ec anao eaiaeeaeaoia eniieuecoaony
aieaoe?iaaiea eee niaanaaeiaaiea.
Iao/aiea, iiaeaioiaea e ia?aiiaeaioiaea ?aaioieeia naycaiu n
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iaania/aiey iaeneiaeueiiai niioaaonoaey niiniaiinoae
e aiciiaeiinoae ?aaioieea oa?aeoa?o e niaea?aeaieth iaeneiaeueiiai
eniieueciaaiey e ?acaeoey anao niiniaiinoae ?aaioieea.
Caiyoua ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee ?aaioieee iinoiyiii iaoiaeyony a
i?ioeanna iao/aiey, oae eae iiyaeyaony iiaia iai?oaeiaaiea, i?eiaiythony
iiaua oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu, inouanoaeyaony ?ai?aaiecaoeey
i?iecaiaenoaa e oi?aaeaiey.
Ia caaiaea eiaaony eieeaeoeaiue aeiaiai? iaaeaeo aaeieieno?aoeeae e
?aaioieeii. Niaeanii eieeaeoeaiiio aeiaiai?o i?eiaiyaony
naeaeueii-i?aieaeueiay e iia?aiaiii-i?aieaeueiay nenoaia iieaou o?oaea,
eiaaony nianoaaiiay oanoe?ac?yaeiay oa?eoiay naoea e ieeaaeu, a oaeaea
auieaou noeioee?othuaai oa?aeoa?a (aeiieaou, iaaeaaaee, a niioaaonoaee
n io?aneaaui niaeaoaieai iaaeaeo Ieienoa?noaii naeueneiai oicyenoaa e
i?iaeiaieuenoaey e Oeaio?aeueiui eiieoaoii i?ionithca ?aaioieeia
aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena Oe?aeiu.
Ia i?aaei?eyoee aeaenoaoao nenoaia nioeeaeueiie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaioieeia:
aanieaoiia niaoeieoaiea, iieiei ca a?aaeiinoue, ieiia?eaaa?y, iiaea?ee
ia Iiaue aiae.
Aaoa?aiai – aanieaoiay iiaeienea ia aiae, iaeii?aciaay iiiiuue ia 9 Iay.
I?aaiecaoeey o?oaea e oi?aaeaiea o?oaeiaui eieeaeoeaii – yoi /anoue
iaiaaeaeiaioa, naycaiiay n o?oaeiauie ?ano?naie i?aaei?eyoey e eo
ioiioaieyie aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey.
Iniiaiuie oeaeyie oi?aaeaiey eaae?aie yaeythony:
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a eaae?ao;
iaania/aiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie ?annoaiiaee,
i?ioanneiiaeueii-eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiiai e aeieaeiiai i?iaeaeaeaiey eaae?ia;
yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea o?oaeiaiai iioaioeeaea i?aaei?eyoey.
Oi?aaeaiea eaae?aie naycaii n ?ac?aaioeie e ?aaeecaoeeae eaae?iaie
iieeoeee, aeeth/athuae a naay:
ieaie?iaaiea, ia?i, ?aciauaiea ?aai/ae neeu;
iao/aiea iiaeaioiaeo e ia?aiiaeaioiaeo ?aaioieeia;
i?iaeaeaeaiea ii neoaeaa;
oneiaey iaeia, o?oaea e aai iieaou;
nicaeaiea eiioi?oiiai ineoieiae/aneiai eeeiaoa a eieeaeoeaa.
?aaioo n eaae?aie ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee inouanoaeytho ana eeiaeiua
?oeiaiaeeoaee, a oaeaea iaeioi?ua ooieoeeiiaeueiua ioaeaeu, neoaeau e
ioaeaeueiua niaoeeaeenou e iaiaaeaea?u: ioaeae eaae?ia; ioaeae o?oaea e
ca?aaioiie ieaou; ioaeae oaoie/aneiai iao/aiey; ioaeae oi?aaeaiey
ia?niiaeii; oi?aaeythuea (aee?aeoi?a, iaiaaeaea?u) eaae?aie.
No?oeoo?iay oa?aeoa?enoeea o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia i?aaei?eyoey ii?aaeaeyaony
ninoaaii e eiee/anoaaiiui niioiioaieai ioaeaeueiuo eaoaai?ee e a?oii
?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoey.
Noaia « No?oeoo?a aiia?aoa oi?aaeaieyIAI «?iaaineee
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae»Eaae?u i?aaei?eyoey, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
naycaiiua n i?ioeannii i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
i?iiuoeaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ia?niiae. E iaio ioiinyony ana ?aaioieee
iniiaiuo, aniiiiaaoaeueiuo, iiaeniaiuo e ianeoaeeaathueo oeaoia:
eaai?aoi?ee, iaoiaeyueony ia aaeaina i?aaei?eyoey, neoaea, caiyouo
eaieoaeueiui e oaeouei ?aiiioii iai?oaeiaaiey e o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa
naiaai i?aaei?eyoey.
?aaioieee i?iiuoeaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?niiaea iiae?acaeaeythony ia
2 iniiaiuo a?oiiu: ?aai/ea e neoaeauea. E ?aai/ei ioiinyony eeoea,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii caiyoua i?iecaiaenoai iyniie i?iaeoeoeee. ?aai/ea
iiae?acaeaeythony ia iniiaiuo e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo.
E a?oiia neoaeaueo ia i?aaei?eyoee ioiinyony ?aaioieee, caieiathuea
aeieaeiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaea i?aaei?eyoey e eo no?oeoo?iuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee,, a oaeaea eo caianoeoaee ii neaaeothuei aeieaeiinoyi:
aee?aeoi?a, ia/aeueieee oeaoia; aeaaiua niaoeeaeenou (aeaaiue aooaaeoa?,
aeaaiue eiaeaia?, aeaaiue oaoiieia, aeaaiue yeiiiieno e ae?).
E niaoeeaeenoai ioiinyony ?aaioieee, caiyoua eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneeie,
yeiiiie/aneeie, aooaaeoa?neeie, th?eaee/aneeie e ae?oaeie aeaeaie
aeayoaeueiinoe
e neoaeauei ioiinyony ?aaioieee, inouanoaeythuea iiaeaioiaeo e
ioi?ieaiea aeieoiaioaoeee, o/ao e eiio?ieue. A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a
o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe eaae?u i?aaei?eyoey iiae?acaeaeythony ii
i?ioanneyi, niaoeeaeueiinoyi e o?iaiyi eaaeeoeeaoeee.
Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia i?aaei?eyoey
oa?aeoa?ecoao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea, eioi?ay ii?aaeaeyaony
eiee/anoaii i?iaeoeoeee, i?iecaaaeaiiie a aaeeieoeo ?aai/aai a?aiaie,
eee cao?aoaie o?oaea ia aaeeieoeo auiieiaiiie ?aaiou.
Iniiaiuie iieacaoaeyie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia o?iaia
i?aaei?eyoey yaeythony iieacaoaee au?aaioee (A) e o?oaeiaieinoe (O?)
i?iaeoeoeee, ?ann/eouaaaiua ii neaaeothuei oi?ioeai:
A=q/*ni,
O?=O/q,
aaea q – eiee/anoai i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee eee auiieiaiiie ?aaiou a
iaoo?aeueiuo eee oneiaii iaoo?aeueiuo aaeeieoeao ecia?aiey,
*ni – n?aaeianooi/iay /eneaiiinoue ?aaioathueo /aeiaae,
O – a?aiy, cao?a/aiiia ia i?iecaiaenoai anae i?iaeoeoeee, ii?ii/anu.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui e oieaa?naeueiui iieacaoaeai
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea yaeyaony au?aaioea i?iaeoeoeee. Ia
i?aaei?eyoee a caaeneiinoe io aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa
(q) ?acee/atho 3 iaoiaea ii?aaeaeaiey au?aaioee:
iaoo?aeueiue ecia?yaiie a ea e oiiiao;
a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee au?aaioeo ia i?aaei?eyoee iiaeie ii?aaeaeyoue
ii iieacaoaeyi aaeiaie, oiaa?iie, ?aaeecoaiie e /enoie i?iaeoeoeee a
caaeneiinoe io iaeanoe i?eiaiaiey aeaiiiai iieacaoaey.
Ia ?aai/eo ianoao, o/anoeao e oeaoao, i?iecaiaeyueo ?aciiia?acioth e
iacaaa?oaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth, eioi?oth iaaiciiaeii ecia?eoue ie a
iaoo?aeueiuo, ie a noieiinoiuo aaeeieoeao, iieacaoaeue au?aaioee
ii?aaeaeyaony a ii?ii-/anao.
Au?aaioea iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaia a ?an/aoa ia 1 io?aaioaiiue
/aeiaaei-/an, 1 io?aaioaiiue /aeiaaei-aeaiue, ia 1-ai n?aaeianieni/iiai
?aaioieea a aiae, eaa?oae eee ianyoe.
O?oaeiaieinoue i?iaeoeoeee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie cao?aou ?aai/aai a?aiaie
ia i?iecaiaenoai aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee a iaoo?aeueiii au?aaeaiee ii anae
iiiaieeaoo?a auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Iieacaoaeue o?oaeiaieinoe eiaao iaeioi?ua i?aeiouanoaa ia?aae
iieacaoaeai au?aaioee: ai-ia?auo, ii io?aaeaao i?yioth naycue iaaeaeo
iauaiii i?iecaiaenoaa e o?oaeicao?aoaie;
ai-aoi?uo, i?eiaiaiea iieacaoaey o?oaeiaieinoe iicaieyao oaycaoue
i?iaeaio ecia?aiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea n oaeoi?aie e ?aca?aaie
aa ?inoa;
a-o?aoueeo, ii iicaieyao niiinoaaeoue cao?aou o?oaea ia iaeeiaeiaua
ecaeaeey a ?aciuo oeaiao e o/anoeao i?aaei?eyoey.
A caaeneiinoe io ninoaaa cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a o?oaeiaieinoue
i?iaeoeoeee auaeaeytho oaoiieiae/aneoth, i?iecaiaenoaaiioth e iieioth
o?oaeiaieinoue, o?oaeiaieinoue ianeoaeeaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e
o?oaeiaieinoue oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaii.
O?iaaiue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ii IAI «?iaaineee
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae»
Au?aaioea
oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee a niiinoaaeiuo oeaiao ia 01.01.1998 a. ia iaeiiai
?aaioieea i?iiuoeaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?niiaea 1997 aiae.
28,5 oun a?i. 1998 aiae
22, 4 oun. a?i.
O?oaeiaieinoue
(cao?aou ?aai/aai a?aiaie /aeiaaei-/an ia ecaioiaeaiea 1 oiiiu eieaaniuo
ecaeaeee). 19997 aiae
529218 /ae. /an=
2345 oiiiu
= 225,7 /ana 1998 aiae
498385 /ae./an=
1594 oiiiu
= 312, 7 /ana
Iniiaiui oaeoi?ii nieaeaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea yaeyaony ?aceia
iaaeaiea iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?eoie/iinoue auionea i?iaeoeoeee,
iaaeia?oc i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, aieueoia niaea?aeaiea /eneaiiinoe
ia?niiaea.
Oae, eniieueciaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae ii au?aaioee eieaaniuo
ecaeaeee ninoaaeea:
ca 1997 aiae – 14 %
1998 aiae – 9 %.
Oaii ii iauaiai i?iecaiaenoaa 1998 a. e 1997 aiaeo ninoaaee 72, 2 %,
oaii ii /eneaiiinoe 92, 4%.
Iiae ?aca?aaie ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee
iiae?acoiaaathony ia eniieuecoaiua aua ?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe yeiiiiee
o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia. Aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?aca?au iaoneiaeaiu
niaa?oainoaiaaieai iai?oaeiaaiey e ?aai/ae neeu, a oaeaea nie?auaieai
iioa?ue ?aai/aai a?aiaie, yeiiiieae nu?uey, iaoa?eaeia e ae?oaeo aeaeia
?ano?nia.
Ii a?aiaie eniieueciaaiey ?aca?au ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea
?acaeaeythony ia oaeouea e ia?niaeoeaiua.
Oaeouea ?aca?au iiaoo auoue ?aaeeciaaiu a aeeaeaeoai ia?eiaea e ia
o?aaotho cia/eoaeueiuo aaeeiia?aiaiiuo cao?ao.
E iei iiaeii ioianoe eo/oaa eniieueciaaiea iai?oaeiaaiey, i?eiaiaiea
iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiuo nenoai iieaou o?oaea, niaa?oainoaiaaiea
i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee e aa ii?ie?iaaiey.
Ia?niaeoeaiua ?aca?au ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea iau/ii o?aaotho
ia?ano?ieee i?iecaiaenoaa, aiaae?aiey iiauo oaoiieiaee e o.ae.
Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeiu aeiiieieoaeueiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey e
cia/eoaeueiua n?iee inouanoaeaiey ?aaio.
Aeey iaania/aiey ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia i?aaenoiyuee
ia?eiae iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue yooaeoeaiinoue anao ia?ii?eyoee,
ieaie?oaiuo i?aaei?eyoeai, a o?oaeiauo iieacaoaeyo.
Aieueoeinoai ia?ii?eyoee ii nie?auaieth o?oaeiauo cao?ao naycaii n
oiaiueoaieai o?oaeiaieinoe i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee eee ?aaio.
?an/ao yooaeoeaiinoe yoeo ia?ii?eyoee i?iecaiaeeony a ii?ii/anao, a
yooaeoeaiinoue ioaeaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee iiaeii au?aceoue a nie?auaiee
/eneaiiinoe ia?niiaea.
Iainiiaaiea ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee
i?iecaiaeeony ii oaeoi?ai.
I?e yoii ?an/ao inouanoaeyaony iooai yeiiiiee /eneaiiinoe ?aaioathueo ii
anai oaeoi?ai ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
Ieaie?iaaiea – yoi ?ac?aaioea e ei??aeoe?iaea ieaia, aeeth/athuea
i?aaeaeaeaiea, iainiiaaiea, eiie?aoecaoeeth e iienaiea aeayoaeueiinoe
oicyenoaaiiiai iauaeoa ia aeeaeaeooth e ioaeaeaiioth ia?niaeoeao.
Ieai i?aaei?eyoey eiaao neeo i?eeaca aeey oeacaiiuo a iai eeoe e
no?oeoo?iuo aaeeieoe.
A ieaia iiae?iaii oeacuaathony:
oeaeue aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e aai no?oeoo? ia ieaiiaue ia?eiae,
eiee/anoaaiii au?aaeaiiay nenoaiie, onoaiiaeaiiuo iieacaoaeae n
oeacaieai eiie?aoiuo aeaeia auionea i?iaeoeoeee e oa?aeoa?a ?aaiou;
n?aaenoaa aeinoeaeaiey oeaee;
iaoiaeu e n?iee oaycee n?aaenoa e oeaeae;
yoaiu e n?iee auiieiaiey ?aaio; eniieieoaee ieaia ii n?ieai e aeaeai
?aaio;
iaoiaeu, yoaiu e n?aaenoaa eiio?iey auiieiaiey ieaia.
Yooaeoeaiay aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey caaeneo io oiai, ianeieueei
aeinoiaa?ii ia i?aaei?eyoee i?aaeaeaeyo aeaeueithth e aeeaeithth
ia?niaeoeao naiaai ?acaeoey, oi anoue io i?iaiice?iaaiey.
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ninoaaeyao aecian-ieai ii
?acaeoeth aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa ia aiae, n ?acaeaeie ii eaa?oaeai.
Aecian-ieai ninoieo ec neaaeothueo ?acaeaeia: auaiaeu (?acthia)
ni?aai/iay eioi?iaoeey i i?aaei?eyoee; ioeaiea ?uiea nauoa e
eiieo?aioeey; no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa, ?aeeaia; ieai i?iecaiaenoaa,
i?aaiecaoeeiiiue ieai, oeiainiaue ieai, th?eaee/aneee ieai, io?aia
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, ioeaiea ?enea.
Ca 1998 aiae i?aaei?eyoea ia auoei ii iauaiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia
ieaie?oaiue o?iaaiue.
Nieaeaiea iauaiia i?ioea ieaia ninoaaeei 1852 oun a?i. eee 17 %.
Iniiaiie i?e/eiie nieaeaiey iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa yaeyaony iaaeinoaoie
nu?uey e cao?oaeiaiey a nauoa i?iaeoeoeee, aucaaiiua ieceie
iieoiaoaeueneie niiniaiinoueth ianaeaiey.
Caieaie?iaaiiue o?iaaiue ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeinoeaioo.
Ii?ie?iaaiea – yoi iaoiae ?ac?aaioee e onoaiiaeaiey i?aaeaeueiuo aaee/ei
caiana e ?anoiaeiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e eiuo ?ano?nia, iaiaoiaeeiuo
aeey iaania/aiey i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee.
Ii?ie?iaaiea o?oaea – ii?aaeaeaiea iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiiai eiee/anoaa
a?aiaie aeey auiieiaiee eiie?aoiie ?aaiou eee iia?aoeee a oneiaeyo
aeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee i?eiaiythony 223 ii?iu. Ana ii?iu oaoie/anee
iainiiaaiu.
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» auioneaao nauoa 100
iaeiaiiaaiee eieaaniuo ecaeaeee: aa?aiiua, ninenee, na?aeaeueee,
iieoeii/aiua, nu?iayeaiua, eii/aiinoe, i?i/ea.
A % niioiioaiee:
auione eieaaniuo ecaeaeee – 96, 6 %;
auione ieuaauo oiieaiiuo aee?ia – 0,3 %;
auione nooeo aeeaioiuo ei?iia- 0,5 %;
auione iieooaa?eeaoia – 0,6 %.
Aaeaaeiaaii a oi?aiaoth naoue iinooiaao aieaa 20-25 aeaeia eieaaniuo
ecaeaeee.
I?iaeoeoeey caaiaea ioee/aaony io aiaeiae/iie i?iaeoeoeee ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoee ii neaaeothuei ia?aiao?ai: aunieee eiio?ieue niaethaeaiey
oaoiieiaee, AINOa e ae?oaeo naieoa?iuo o?aaiaaiee; yenia?oeca nu?uey e
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee; eo/oae i?i?aaioeie oa?oa, eo/oeie aeoniauie
ea/anoaaie, eniieueciaaieai iiauo eieeaaaiiauo iaiei/ae, ia?ee?iaeie
eieaaniuo ecaeaeee, i?iaeoeoeeae ii ?ac?aaioeai caaiaea, oe?ieei
anni?oeiaioii.
Iniiaiuie iinoaaueeaie ia caaiae nu?uey yaeythony:
«Ooeianeee ioei?iniaoic»-20 % io iaueo caeoiie.
«Neiaiaeaineee ioei?iniaoic», *oaoaaneee ?aeii Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe – 10
% io iaueo caeoiie.
«Iaaeeineee iynieiiaeiao», *a?ieaianeay iaeanoue – 10 % io iaueo
caeoiie.
«Naaoianeee iynieiiaeiao», Eoaaineay iaeanoue – 5 % io iaueo caeoiie.
Aeaeii eiio?aeoa yaeyaony aeiaiai?.
Caaiae ?aaeecoao naith i?iaeoeoeeth a iniiaiii a a. Oa?ueeiaa e iaeanoe,
ia aieueoie i?ioeaio a ae?oaeo iaeanoyo Oe?aeiu (Eoaaineie,
Aeiai?iiao?ianeie, Aeiiaoeeie, a. Eeaa).
Aei 50 % i?iaeoeoeee ?aaeecoaony /a?ac oe?iaiioth oi?aiaoth naoue
caaiaea, eioi?ay ninoieo ec 22 oe?iaiiuo eeineia e iaaaceiia,
?aniieiaeaiiuo a ?acee/iuo ?aeiiao a. Oa?ueeiaa e iaeanoe.
Inoaaoayny /anoue i?iaeoeoeee ?aaeecoaony a oi?aiaie naoe ai?iaea,
iniiaiuie iieo/aoaeyie yaeythony: 14 oieaa?nai, 16 oieaa?nai, oe?ia
«AEai/oa», iauaaeeiaiea naeueneiai ieoaiey, oe?ia «Naiaithoa» e ae?oaea.
A 1998 aiaeo iauai i?iaeaaee a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee aeinoea 9,5 iei.
a?i., /oi ia 30 % iaiueoa, /ai a 1997 aiaeo.
Iauai i?iaeaae a oiiiao oiaiueoeeny ia 80 % n 1991 aiaea, yoa
oaiaeaioeey i?iaeieaeaeanue a 1998 aiaeo, eiaaea eiee/anoai i?iaeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee oiaiueoeeinue n 12638000 aei 7664000.
I?aaei?eyoea ?aaeecoao naith i?iaeoeoeeth ii naiaiaeii-ioioneiui oeaiai.
Naiaiaeii-ioioneiua oeaiu oi?ie?othony ia iniiaaiee «Iieiaeaiey i
ii?yaeea oi?ie?iaaiey e eciaiaiey naiaiaeiuo (?uii/iuo) oeai e oa?eoia
ia i?iaeoeoeeth, oiaa?u e oneoae ? 15 io 27.12.1991 a.»
Oeaiu oi?ie?othony ia iniiaaiee caeoii/iuo oeai ia nu?uea, noieiinoue
ia?a?aaioee n o?iaiai ?aioaaaeueiinoe ii aa?aiui eieaanai, nineneai,
na?aeaeueeai aei 5 %, ia eii/aiua ecaeaeey aei 10 %, eii/aiinoyi aei 25
%.
Naiaiaeii-ioioneiua oeaiu niaeaniauaathony n iniiaiuie iieo/aoaeyie
i?iaeoeoeee e iiaeienuaaaony i?ioieie niaeaniaaiey naiaiaeii-ioioneiuo
oeai..
A oe?iaiiie oi?aiaea, a nayce n ieceie iieoiaoaeueneie niiniaiinoueth
ianaeaiey, ?acia? oi?aiaie iaaeaaaee ieieiaeueiue: ia aa?aiiua, ninenee,
na?aeaeueee aac oi?aiaie iaaeaaaee, ia iieoeii/aiua, oaa?aeieii/aiua
eieaaniua ecaeaeey 5 %, ia eii/aiinoe 10 %.
Ia i?aaei?eyoee ?ac?aaioaii e aeaenoaoao iieiaeaiea ia iieaoa o?oaea
?aaioieeia oe?iaiiie oi?aiaee, eioi?ia aaaaeaii n oeaeueth oeo/oaiey
i?aaiecaoeee oe?iaiiie oi?aiaee, oaaee/aiey oiaa?iiai?ioa, iieo/aiey
i?eauee e iaoa?eaeueiie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe ?aaioieeia. I?e auiieiaiee
ieaia oiaa?iiai?ioa i?iecaiaeyony auieaou ca?aaioiie ieaou io ieeaaea ca
oaeoe/anee io?aaioaiiia a?aiy. I?e ia?aauiieiaiee ieaoa oiaa?iiai?ioa ca
eaaeaeue i?ioeaio i?aauoaiey ia/eneyaony i?aiey 1 % io ieeaaea. ?acia?
i?aiee nieaeaaony ca neaaeothuea oiouaiey a ?aaioa: ionoonoaea
oeaiieeia, iaaan, ion/ao, ianiaethaeaiea ?aaeeia ?aaiou iaaaceia
(eeinea), iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia naieoa?iia ninoiyiea. I?ioeaio
nieaeaiey i?aiee ii?aaeaeyaony ia iniiaaiee aeoia i?iaa?ie ?aaioieeaie
caaiaea eee noi?iiieie i?aaiecaoeeyie e ioi?ieyaony i?eeacii ii caaiaeo.
I?iaeoeoeey, auioneaaiay caaiaeii, eiieo?aioiniiniaia ia ?uiea eieaaniuo
ecaeaeee. Iinoiyiii aaaeaony ?aaioa ii iiauoaieth eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe.
Yoi iiene iiauo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, eniieueciaaiea iiauo oaoiieiaee,
iiauo aeaeia iaiei/ee.
Eiieo?aioiay n?aaea.
Eiieo?aioaie i?aaei?eyoey yaeythony: Iieoaaneee, Noineie, Eene/aineee,
Iaeeoiiieueneee, Aiaiaeooianeee iynieiiaeiaou, eieaaniua oeaoa
eiiia?aoeaia e oe?i.
I?aeiouanoai eiieo?aioia – yoi iaee/ea a eo anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, ia
auioneaaiie iyniia?a?aaaouaathuei caaiaeii ( nu?ieii/aiuo eieaaniuo
ecaeaeee, eiina?aia).
I?e ?ac?aaioea iiauo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee o/eouaaaony ni?in e
i?aaeeiaeaiey iieoiaoaeae, eioi?ue eco/aaony ioaeaeii ia?eaoeiaa e /a?ac
oe?iaiioth oi?aiaeth i?aaei?eyoey. Ioaeae nauoa e ia?eaoeiaa o/anoaotho
i?e ieaie?iaaiee iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa, anni?oeiaioa e oeaiiia?aciaaiee.
Aeey auyaeaiey oeiainiaiai ?acoeueoaoa aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
eniieuecotho oaeea iniiaiua iieacaoaee: iauai i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee,
iauai i?iaeaaee i?iaeoeoeee, /eneaiiinoue ?aaioieeia,
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ia iaeiiai ?aaioieea, ecaea?aeee
i?iecaiaenoaa, naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaueue.
I?eaueue – iniiaiie enoi/iee oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, naycaiiue n iieo/aieai
aaeiaiai aeioiaea.
Aaeiaue aeioiae i?aaei?eyoey – au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee ca
au/aoii iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao, oi anoue aeeth/athuee a naay iieaoo o?oaea
e i?eaueue. Eiia/iue oeiainiaue ?acoeueoao (i?eaueue eee oauoie)
neaaaaony ec oeiainiaiai ?acoeueoaoa io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee,
iniiaiuo oiiaeia e ae?oaiai eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey e aeioiaeia io
aia?aaeecaoeeiiiuo iia?aoeee, oiaiueoaiiuo ia noiio ?anoiaeia ii yoei
iia?aoeeyi.
I?eaueue io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee ii?aaeaeyaony eae ?acieoea iaaeaeo
au?o/eie io ?aaeecaoeee e aeaenoaothueo oeaiao aac IAeN e aeoeecia e
cao?aoai ia i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee.
Iniiaiua iieacaoaee oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ca 1997, 1998 a.a.
Oaaeeoea 1.2.1 – I?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee (oo.) – ii naaiaioai
1997 a. 1998 a.
ioeaiea 1999 a.
ieai
Naaiaio 1 Oaa?aeieii/aiua eieaanu 220000 214000 235000
Naaiaio 2 Iieoeii/aiua eieaanu 406000 330000 363000
Naaiaio 3 Aa?aiua eieaanu 1001000 681000 749100
Naaiaio 4 Ninenee 9452000 5768000 6245800
Naaiaio 5 Na?aeaee 1320000 620000 682000
Naaiaio 6 Eii/aiinoe 149333 140667 154730
Oaaeeoea 1.2.2 – I?iaeaaea i?iaeoeoeee ii naaiaioai
1998 a.
aaeooiiay oiaeiaea 1997 a. 1998 a. 1999 a.
oo. a?i. oo. a?i. oo. a?i.
Naaiaio 1 Oaa?aeieii/aiua 450 oo.–1170 a?i 220000 1005251 214000
10584000 235000 1162260
Naaiaio 2 Iieoeii/aiua eieaanu 406000 1231112 330000 1155000 363000
1270500
Naaiaio 3 Aa?aiua
325 oo.–455 a?i. 1001000 3901094 681000 3200700 749100 3520770
Naaiaio 4 Ninenee
250 oo.–260 a?i. 9452000 21004750 5678000 1436200 624800 1579820
Naaiaio 5 Na?aeaee 1320000 480484 620000 279000 682000 306900
Naaiaio 6 Eii/aiinoe
670 oo.–1608 a?i. 149333 1580123 140667 1582500 154730 1740710
Oaaeeoea 1.2.3 – Iniiaiua iieacaoaee oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe IAI
«?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ca 1997, 1998 a.a.
? i/i Iieacaoaee Aae. eci. I?aae-oanoa.
1997 a. Io/ao-iue
1998 a. Ioeeiia-iea
+ / – Oaii ?inoa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Iauai i?iecaiaenoaa a niiinoaaeiuo iioiauo oeaiao ia 01.01.98 a. oun.
a?i. 11106,8 8698,2 -2408,6 78,3
2. *eneaiiinoue ?aaioieeia anaai
a o./. ?aaioieee i?iiuoeaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?niiaea /ae.
/ae. 487
390 450
358 -37
-32 92, 4
91,8
3. I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ia iaeiiai ?aaioieea III oun. a?i. 28,5
24,3 -4,2 85,3
4. Oiiae iieaou o?oaea oun. a?i. 687,2 638,8 -48,4 93,0
5. N?aaeiaiany/iay ca?aaioiay ieaoa iaeiiai ?aaioieea a?i. 117 118 +1
100,8
6. Naaanoieiinoue oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee oun. a?i. 10083,7 8017,1 -2066,6
7. Aaeainiaay i?eaueue oun. a?i. 1023,1 681,1 -342
8. Iaeiaiaua ieaoaaee ia i?eaueue oun. a?i. 306,9 204,3 -102,6
9. *enoay i?eaueue oun. a?i. 716,2 476,8 -239,4
10. Eniieueciaaiea i?eauee:
– io/eneaiea a ?aca?aiue oiiae aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa;
– ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa;
– nioeeaeueiia ?acaeoea;
– ae?oaea oeaee. oun. a?i.
-//-
-//-
-//-
-//- 716,2
40,0
223,4
79,7
213,1 476,8
–
210,0
66,8
145,0 –239,4
40,0
-13,4
11. Ia ?ani?aaeaeyaiay i?eaueue oun. a?i. 160 55.0
Nieaeaiea ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa aucaaii: 1. ?inoii cao?ao ia
i?iecaiaenoai auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ec-ca oaaee/aiey oeai ia nu?uea;
2. Nieaeaieai iauaiia oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee e cao?oaeiaiey nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee a nayce n ieceie iieoiaoaeueiie niiniaiinoueth ianaeaiey.
Aeey ioeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ninoaaeyaony aai
oa?aeoa?enoeea, noiyuayny ia iniiaa a?aoeea neeueiuo e neaauo noi?ii. Ia
iniiaaiee aeaiiiai a?aoeea ii?aaeaeytho eaeea iaaeinoaoee e i?aeiouanoaa
ia?aae eiieo?aioaie eiaao IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» e
niioaaonoaaiii i?eieiathony ia?u aeey iiauoaiey eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe.
Enoiaey ec aeaiiuo, neaaeoao, /oi oaeoi?u, ii?aaeaeythuea iieiaeaiea
aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea, ioeaieaathony ii oeaea:
noaiaiue ecaanoiinoe – 5;
o?iaaiue ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee – 5;
i?iecaiaenoaaiiue iioaioeeae – 4;
iioaioeeae eeeaioo?u – 5;
oeiainiaue iioaioeeae – 4;
i?iecaiaenoaaiiay i?ia?aiia – 4;
eiiioieeaoeeiiiay iieeoeea – 4;
o?iaaiue aeioiaeia – 3;
o?iaaiue ?anoiaeia – 5;
?aioaaaeueiinoue – 4;
ianoi?aniieiaeaiea – 5;
nenoaia oi?aaeaiey – 4;
ia?niiae – 6;
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue – 4;
enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee – 4.
Ia iniiaaiee auoa i?eaaaeaiiuo aeaiiuo ninoaaeyai a?aoee neeueiuo e
neaauo noi?ii IAI «?iaaineiai iyniia?a?aaaouaathuaai caaiaea».
A?aoee neeueiuo e neaauo noi?ii IAI «?iaaineiai IIC».
1.Noaiaiue ecaanoiinoe
2. O?iaaiue ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee
3. I?iecaiaenoaaiiue iioaioeeae
4. Oeiainiaue iioaioeeae
5. Iioaioeeae eeeaioo?u
6. I?iecaiaenoaaiiay i?ia?aiia
7. Eiiioieeaoeeiiiay iieeoeea
8. O?iaaiue aeioiaeia
9. O?iaaiue ?anoiaeia
10. ?aioaaaeueiinoue
11. Ianoi?aniieiaeaiea
12. Nenoaia oi?aaeaiey
13. Ia?niiae
14. I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue
15. Enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee
Aiaeece?oy a?aoee neeueiuo e neaauo noi?ii, iieo/aai, /oi ana oaeoi?u
ii?aaeaeythuea oniao IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» eiatho ioeaieo «ieioi» eee
«iin?aaenoaaiii». Yoi neaaeoao ec ieceiai o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
iioaioeeaea (neaaay i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneay aaca, eciioaiiinoue
iai?oaeiaaiey). I?e iiauoaiee anao oaeoi?ia a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aieiaiea
iaiaoiaeeii iai?aaeoue ia iiauoaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea:
i?iecaanoe enneaaeiaaiey ?acaeoey e aiaae?aiey iiauo aieaa i?ia?anneaiuo
oieiaeeeueieeia e iai?oaeiaaiey.
A neo/aa iaoaaoee nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa (oeiainiaue iioaioeeae-4)
i?eaea/ue caaiiua n?aaenoaa ca n/ao e?aaeeoia aaiea. Iioaioeeae
eeeaioo?u iicaieyao caoaaoeoue aeiiieieoaeueioth aeieth ?uiea ca n/ao
iiauoaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee, a neaaeiaaoaeueii e aeioiaeia.
N oeaeueth iiauoaiey oaeoi?a «ianoi?aniieiaeaiea IAI «?iaaineee IIC»,
i?aaeeaaath ioe?uoue iiaua oi?aiaua oi/ee, yoi aeano aiciiaeiinoue
iieoiaoue i?iaeoeoeeth io IAI «?iaaineee IIC», a ia o eiieo?aioia.
N oeaeueth iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea iaiaoiaeeii
eniieueciaaoue ia?ii?eyoey, iaoiaeu iaoa?eaeueiiai e ii?aeueiiai
noeioee?iaaiey, iiauoaoue eaaeeoeeaoeeth ?aaioieeia.
Aeey iiauoaiey oaeoi?a «eiiioieeaoeeiiiay iieeoeea» iaiaoiaeeii
noeioee?iaaoue eeeaioia ca n/ao i?aaeinoaaeaiey neeaeie e eueaio, aieaa
yooaeoeaii eniieueciaaoue ?aeeaio a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee.
2 AIAEEOE*ANEAss *ANOUe
Caaea/e e enoi/ieee aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
I?aaei?eyoea a i?ioeanna naia aeayoaeueiinoe niaa?oaao iaoa?eaeueiua e
aeaiaaeiua cao?aou ia i?inoia e ?anoe?aiiia i?iecaiaenoai iniiaiuo
oiiaeia e iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee,
nioeeaeueiia ?acaeoea naiaai eieeaeoeaa.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan ai anao ?anoiaeao i?aaei?eyoey caieiatho
cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee.
Niaieoiiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo cao?ao iieacuaaao, ai /oi iaoiaeeony
i?aaei?eyoeth ecaioiaeaiea auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, oi anoue ninoaaeyao
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee.
I?aaei?eyoea i?iecaiaeeo oaeaea cao?aou ii ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, oi
anoue cao?aou ii ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, oi anoue inouanoaeyao
aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua eee eiiia?/aneea ?anoiaeu (ia o?ainii?oe?iaeo,
oiaeiaeo, o?aiaiea, ?aeeaio e ae?.).
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay naaanoieiinoue e eiiia?/aneea ?anoiaeu ninoaaeytho
iieioth eee eiiia?/aneoth naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee.
Naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee – yoi noieiinoiay ioeaiea eniieuecoaiuo a
i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, nu?uey,
oiieeaa, yeao?iyia?aee, oieiaea, iniiaiuo oiiaeia, o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia, a
oaeaea ae?oaeo cao?ao ia aa i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth. Cao?aou,
ia?acothuea naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, a?oiie?othony a niioaaonoaee n
eo yeiiiie/aneei niaea?aeaieai ii neaaeothuei yeaiaioai:
iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou;
cao?aou ia iieaoo o?oaea;
io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu;
aii?oecaoeey iniiaiuo oiiaeia;
i?i/ea cao?aou.
Iaeii ec aeaaiuo oneiaee iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey –
nieaeaiea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee.
Oi?aaeaiea oaeoueie cao?aoaie iiae?acoiaaaao ?ac?aaioeo e eiio?ieue ca
eniieiaieai niaou cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai aioo?aiiaai aeieoiaioa,
iicaieythuaai ia oieueei eiio?iee?iaaoue iauee o?iaaiue cao?ao e eo
aeeiaieeo, ii e niiinoaaeyoue eo aaee/eio ii no?oeoo?iui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi. Niaoa cao?ao iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue o?iaaiue
naiiieoiaaiinoe ii i?aaei?eyoeth a oeaeii e aai ioaeaeueiui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi. I?e ?ac?aaioea niao cao?ao ii?aaeaeythony
naaanoieiinoue aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee, nicaeaaony aaca aeey ?an/aoa
iioiauo oeai, onoaiaaeeaaaony aiciiaeiinoue nieaeaiey cao?ao ia
i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee ca n/ao aaaaeaiey iiauo
oaoiieiaee, ?aoeeiiaeecaoeeth oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, caeeaaeuaathony iniiau
aeey iieo/aiey i?eauee. Niaou eniieuecothony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey
iio?aaiinoae i?aaei?eyoey a iai?ioiuo n?aaenoaao, iauaiao ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee e ?acia?ia aiciiaeiie i?eauee.
O/ao e ieaie?iaaiea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee i?iecaiaeeony niaeanii
oeiiaiai iieiaeaiey ii ieaie?iaaieth e eaeueeoee?iaaieth naaanoieiinoe
i?iaeoeoeee (?aaio, oneoa). A i?iiuoeaiiinoe ooaa?aeaeaii
Iinoaiiaeaiea Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu ?473 io 26.04.96 a. ,a oaeaea
io?aneaaie eino?oeoeeae ii ieaie?iaaieth, o/aoo e eaeueeoee?iaaieth
naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee ia i?aaei?eyoeyo iyniie,
ioeoeaia?a?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoyo ? 1 io 30.09.1975 a.
Iniaaiiinoe noaoae eaeueeoee?iaaiey: a ioaeaeueioth noaoueth auaeaeaiu
«o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua ?anoiaeu». A yoo noaoueth aeeth/athony
?anoiaeu ia aeinoaaeo nu?uey.
A noaoueth «oiieeai e yia?aey» aeeth/athony oieueei yia?aaoe/aneea
?anoiaeu ia oaoiieiae/aneea ioaeaeu.
E noaouea «iniiaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa» ioiineony ca?aaioiay ieaoa oieueei
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?aai/eo, iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiiuo n au?aaioeie
i?iaeoeoeee.
A noaoueth «aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu» aeeth/athony cao?aou ii
oieiaeeeueieeo.
I?eiaiyaony ii?iaoeaiue iaoiae eaeueeoee?iaaiey. Ieaie?iaaieth
naaanoieiinoe i?aaeoanoaoao aiaeec oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe ca io/aoiue
ia?eiae. Aeey auyaeaiey ?aca?aia nieaeaiey cao?ao i?iecaiaeeony ia
i?aaei?eyoee aaeaiany/ii aiaeec cao?ao ii anai noaoueyi eaeueeoeyoeee.
Oaaeeoea 2.1.1 – Aiaeec naaanoieiinoe ca 1997 e 1998 a. ii noaoueyi
cao?ao.
Noaouee cao?ao 1997 aiae 1998 aiae
oun. a?i. oae. aan n/n a % oun. a?i. oae. aan n/n a %
Nu?uea e iaoa?eaeu 7166,8 71,1 5892,9 67,8
Aniiiiaaoaeueiue iaoa?eae 148,0 1,5 226,9 2,6
Oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneea ?anoiaeu 263,0 2,6 218,7 2,5
O?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua ?anoiaeu 64,7 0,6 38,5 0,4
Ca?aaioiay ieaoa iniiaiay e aeiiieieoaeueiay 164,8 1,6 156,3 1,8
Ia/eneaiey ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo 79,2 0,8 69,9 0,8
?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey 545,2 5,4 302,5
3,5
Oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu 495,1 4,9 651,8 7,5
Iauacaaiaeneea ?anoiaeu 717,2 7,2 691,3 7,9
Anoanoaaiiay oaueue 11,0 0,1 11,1 0,1
I?i/ea ?anoiaeu 51,5 0,5 232,6 2,7
Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu 377,2 3,7 205,7 2,4
Iieiay naaanoieiinoue 10083,7 100,0 8698,2 100,0
Iineieueeo noieiinoue nu?uey a iauae naaanoieiinoe caieiaao aieueoie
oaeaeueiue aan. I?aaei?eyoeth iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue ia?ii?eyoey ii
?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth nu?uey, i?eiaiaieth aaeeiauo e
?anoeoaeueiuo aeiaaaie, yeiiiiee nu?uey e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia,
nieaeaoue cao?aou ii niaoiui noaoueyi e naaanoieiinoe iniaaiii ii
noaouea «iauacaaiaeneea ?anoiaeu».
Oaaeeoea 2.1.2 – Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ca 1997, 1998 a.a.
? Noiia cao?ao 1997 a. 1998 a. 1999 a.
ca aiae, (a?i.)
ioeaiea ieaiu
1. Auieaoa ca?ieaou 6060000 600000 580000
2. Iaeiae ia nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea 295000 270000 217000
3. Nu?uea 9819000 7658800 8424700
4. Oiieeai e yeaeo?iyia?aey 903000 937000 1124400
5. ?aeeaia 1000 1500 3000
6. Aii?oecaoeey 477000 271500 271500
7. I?i/ea cao?aou 373000 290000 30000
Anaai ii cao?aoai ca aiae 12474000 9767800 10920600
I?e ieaie?iaaiee ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee iaiaoiaeeii
iiae?iaii eco/eoue iainiiaaiiinoue oaeoe/aneeo ecaea?aeae, aiciiaeiinoe
eo aeaeueiaeoaai nie?auaiey e aeiaaaeaiey aei ?acia?ia oeaeaniia?aciie
oicyenoaaiiie iio?aaiinoe.
A yoeo oneiaeyo eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao aiaeec ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey.
Caaea/aie aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey yaeythony: eco/aiea auiieiaiey
i?aaei?eyoeai ieaia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey; auyaeaiea i?e/ei, aucaaaoeo
ioeeiiaiey io ieaia; eco/aiea aeeiaieee ecaea?aeae ca ?yae eao;
ii?aaeaeaiea noiiu ioiineoaeueiie yeiiiiee eee ia?a?anoiaea ecaea?aeae;
ane?uoea ?aca?aia nie?auaiey ecaea?aeae; i?eiyoea ia? i ?aoeeiiaeueiiio
eniieueciaaieth n?aaenoa.
I?e aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey eniieuecothony ia?ae/iua aeieoiaiou,
eioi?uie ioi?ieyaony eaaeaeue ?anoiae. E ia?ae/iie aeieoiaioaoeee
ia?auathony a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue ioaaonoaaiiuo
ca aeiiouaiiue ia?a?anoiae e iiianaiiua iioa?e e oauoee.
I?enooiay e aiaeeco ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue
niiinoaaeiinoue ieaiiauo e io/aoiuo iieacaoaeae. Anee a aiaeece?oaiii
ia?eiaea i?ienoiaeeei eciaiaiea oeai, oi aeey n?aaieiinoe eciaiaiey
iieacaoaeae ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey eo aeeiaieea en/eneyaony a oeaiao
io/aoiiai aiaea.
Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey i?iaiaeeony a oaeie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe:
nia/aea eco/atho auiieiaiea ieaia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ii iauaio
o?iaith; ii?aaeaeytho aeeyiea ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ioaeaeueiuo
oaeoi?ia, caoai i?iaiaeeony aiaeec ioaeaeueiuo noaoae ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey.
Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee ia/eiatho n ioeaiee noaiaie
auiieiaiey ieaia. Aeey yoiai io/aoiua aeaiiua n?aaieaatho n ieaiii e n
aeaiiuie ca i?aaeoanoaothuee ia?eiae.
Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ii iauaio iauaio iicaieyao aeaoue iauoth
ioeaieo ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey ii yoiio iieacaoaeth. Ioeaiea auiieiaiey
ieaia ca io/aoiue ia?eiae i?iecaiaeeony iooai niiinoaaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey n ieaiiauie.
Aeey auyaeaiey eciaiaiee a ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey ca io/aoiue ia?eiae, eo
noiio niiinoaaeytho n niioaaonoaothuei i?aaeoanoaothuei ia?eiaeii.
A i?ioeanna aiaeeca ii?aaeaeyony noaiaiue auiieiaiey ieaia, eciaiaiey
aaee/eiu e o?iaiy ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, noiia ioiineoaeueiie yeiiiiee
eee ia?a?anoiaea.
Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a oeaeii ii i?aaei?eyoeth ia aeaao
aiciiaeiinoe onoaiiaeoue, ca n/ao eaeeo noaoae e aeaeia ?anoiaeia auea
aeinoeaiooa yeiiiiey eee aeiiouai ia?a?anoiae, iiyoiio eco/atho
ouaoaeueii ?anoiaeu ii eaaeaeie noaouea, a aioo?e noaouee – ii aeaeai
?anoiaeia. I?e aiaeeca iniaia aieiaiea neaaeoao oaeaeyoue ia noaouee,
eioi?ua eiatho iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a iauae noiia ecaea?aeae
i?aaei?eyoey e yaeythony ?aca?aaie aeey nieaeaiey ?anoiaeia (ca?aaioiay
ieaoa, o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu e ae?.). A i?ioeanna aiaeeca ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey ii noaouey, onoaiaaeeaatho eiie?aoiua i?e/eiu ioeeiiaiey
oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia io ieaia, ?ann/eouaatho noiio ioiineoaeueiie
yeiiiiee eee ia?a?anoiaea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, aeeyiea eciaiaiey iauaia
i?iecaiaenoaa e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? ?anoiaeia.
A ?acoeueoaoa aiaeeca ?anoiaeia aeieaeiu auoue auyaeaiu aiciiaeiinoe e
iaia/aiu iooe eo eniieueciaaiey.
A caeeth/aiee aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aeatho niioaaonoaothuea
auaiaeu i i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaioa e iaia/atho ia?ii?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiua ia
nieaeaiea cao?ao, eeeaeaeaoeeth iioa?ue, iaania/aiea yeiiiiee n?aaenoa,
iiauoaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee. Aeinoeaiooay a io/aoiii aiaeo yeiiiiey
?anoiaeia aeieaeia auoue o/oaia i?e ninoaaeaiee niaou ?anoiaeia ia
ieaie?oaiue ia?eiae.
3 I?IAEOIAss *ANOUe
?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa a IAI «?iaaineii iyniia?a?aaaouaathuai
caaiaea»
No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa – yoi ?aoeeiiaeueiia iieiaeaiea, n iiiiuueth
eioi?iai IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ?aoaao
iinoaaeaiiua caaea/e.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaa i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii i?iaanoe neaaeothuea
ia?ii?eyoey:
naaiaioe?iaaiea ?uiea;
auai? oeaeaauo naaiaioia ?uiea;
iiceoeeiie?iaaiea oiaa?a ia ?uiea.
Naaiaioaoeey ?uiea – yoi ?acaeaea ?uiea ia a?oiiu eeeaioia ii ?acee/iui
ia?aiao?ai. Eaaeaeue ia?aiao? iiaeao neoaeeoue iniiaie aeey
naaiaioe?iaaiey ?uiea.
Naaiaioe?iaaiea ?uiea i?iecaiaeeony n oeaeueth aieaa iieiiai
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae eeeaioa e ia iniiaa iaania/aiey
onoie/eainoe e i?eaueueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. A ea/anoaa ia?aiao?ia
naaiaioe?iaaiey iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny: aaia?aoe/aneee,
aeaiia?aoe/aneee, yeiiiie/aneee, nioeeaeueiue e eoeueoo?iue,
ineoia?aoe/aneee, noaoon eeeaioo?u, aaniiinoue caeac/eea, auaiaeu
eeeaioia, io?aneaaie ii ooieoeeiiaeueiiio iacia/aieth.
I?e naaiaioe?iaaiee ?uiea, i?eaaaeaiiiai a caaeaiee, e
auoaia?a/eneaiiuo oaeoi?ia (ia?aiao?ia) iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
neaaeothuea:
Yeiiiie/aneee ia?aiao? (o?iaaiue aeioiaeia, o?iaaiue
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe).
Noaoon eeeaioa (iinoiyiiua eeeaiou, eeeaiou-iiae/ee, iioaioeeaeueiua
eeeaiou, auaoea eeeaiou).
Aaniiinoue caeac/eea (iaeeea, n?aaeiea, e?oiiua caeac/eee).
auaiaea eeeaioia (yeiiiiey n?aaenoa, yeiiiiey a?aiaie, aiciiaeiinoue
iia?oci-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio, iaania/aiea nio?aiiinoe a?oca).
Io?aneaaie ia?aiao?.
*aua anaai naaiaioaoeey i?iecaiaeeony iaeiia?aiaiii ii ianeieueeei
ia?aiao?ai. Iinea auai?a ia?aiao?ia niae?atho a?aoeee naaiaioia, oi
anoue niae?atho eioi?iaoeeth i naaiaioa (iauai ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth,
oaiiu ?inoa ni?ina, i?eaueueiinoue, eioaineaiinoue eiieo?aioeee).
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» ninoaaeyao iaaaaeouoth
iiceoeeth ia ?uiea, aai aeiey ninoaaeyao 25 %, ii n?aaiaieth n
eiieo?aioaie (niioaaonoaaiii 30 % e 40 %), aeoeeiia?iia iauanoai
no?aieony iiauneoue naith aeieth ?uiea 35 % : 5 %.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a Oe?aeia iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiui naaiaioii yaeyaony
n?aaeiea i?aaei?eyoey, oae eae e?oiiua i?aaei?eyoey a iniiaiii ia
?aaioatho.
I?e ?anniio?aiee ia?aiao?a ii noaoono eeeaioa ia?niaeoeaiuie ia?aiao?aie
yaeythony iinoiyiiua eeeaiou, ca n/ao eioi?uo aoaeao i?ienoiaeeoue
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aeiee ?uiea.
Nouanoaoao /aou?a no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa:
no?aoaaey ?anoe?aiey a?aieoe ?uiea;
no?aoaaey aieaa aeoaieiai i?iieeiiaaiey ia ?uiie;
no?aoaaey aeeaa?neoeeaoeee;
no?aoaaey ?anoe?aiey noa?u oneoa.
Aeey aeaiiiai IAI «?iaaineiai iyniia?a?aaaouaathuaai caaiaea» aieaa
i?eaieaia no?aoaaey aieaa aeoaieiai i?iieeiiaaiey ia ?uiie, oae eae
aeoeeiia?iia iauanoai aeaenoaoao ia i?aaeiai ?uiea n oaie aea
ecaeaeeyie, ii ia?aae iei noieo caaea/e caaiaaaoue aeiiieieoaeueioth
aeieth ?uiea aei 60 %.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee iiaeii iieoe aeaoiy iooyie:
iiauoaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee;
nieaeaiea oeaiu ia ecaeaeea.
?an/ao oeaiu ia ecaeaeea inouanoaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
O=Si?.+R+IAeN+I,
aaea Si? – naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, a?i.;
R – ?aioaaaeueiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, a?i. (0,3 Si?);
IAeN – iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, a?i., (Si?+R)*0,2;
I – ?acee/iua io/eneaiey, a?i (Si?+R)*0,02.
I?aaeeueiay iieeoeea oeaiiia?aciaaiey, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aa
?aaeecaoeee ninoaaeytho oneiaea oniaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Oeie/iuie no?aoaaeyie yaeythony:
Nie?auaiea noaaeeueiiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea i?e oia?aiiie
?aioaaaeueiinoe e aeinoaoi/ii oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuo ae?oaeo iieacaoaeyo.
Oaaee/aiea aeiee ?uiea.
Iaeneiecaoeey i?eauee.
Iiaeaea?aeaiea e iaania/aiea ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe.
Caaiaaaiea eeaea?noaa ia ?uiea.
I?e ?an/aoa noieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe aiaeec noieiinoe
i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia.
Anee i?e ?an/aoa iieo/aaony, /oi noieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee aeaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey auoa, /ai o eiieo?aioia, oi ?oeiaiaenoao IAI «?iaaineiai
IIC» iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaioaoue ia?ii?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiua ia nieaeaiea
naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee.
Aeey oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeeueii
aua?aoue eaiaeu ?ani?ino?aiaiey i?iaeoeoeee.
A ea/anoaa eaiaeia ?ani?ino?aiaiey oiaa?ia aeey aeaiiiai aeoeeiia?iiai
iauanoaa i?aaeeaaath eniieueciaaoue eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia.
A ia?ii?eyoeyo ia?eaoeiaa iniaia ianoi ioaaaeaii ?aeeaia.
?aeeaia – yoi iaee/iay oi?ia eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeythuayny /a?ac
iin?aaeie/anoai n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee n /aoeei oeacaieai
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» eniieuecotho
eioi?iaoeeiiioth ?aeeaio (eioi?ie?oao eeeaioia i i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo
oneoaao, eciaiaiee oeai e oae aeaeaa); oaauaaaoaeueioth ?aeeaio
(oi?ie?oao i?aaeeiaeaiea e aeaiiiio IAI «IIC» e ieacuaaaiuo ei
oneoaaie); iaiiieiathuoth (iiaeaea?aeeaaao inaaaeiieaiiinoue ia IAI
«IIC» e aai oneoaao».
?aeeaia iiae?acaeaeyaony ia neaaeothuea aeaeu:
?aeeaia ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iio?aaeoaey;
?aeeaia ia i?iecaiaeeoaeae e oi?aiaeth;
?aeeaia iai?aaeaiiay ia oi?ie?iaaiea iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey;
?aeeaia ia niaoeeaeenoa.
Aeaiiia IAI aoaeao eniieueciaaoue ?aeeaio aeey ?aoaiey neaaeothueo
caaea/:
iiauoaiea ociaaaaiinoe IAI «?iaaineiai iyniia?a?aaaouaathuaai caaiaea» e
niaa?oainoaiaaiea eieaeaea;
iaania/aiea aini?eyoey aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa iin?aaeieeaie;
i?ioeaiai?noai n eiieo?aioaie.
Aeey iieo/aiey iaeneiaeueiiai yooaeoa io ?aeeaiu ioaeii ouaoaeueii
nieaie?iaaoue ?aeeaiioth eiiiaieth, eioi?ay aeeth/aao n naay neaaeothuea
aii?inu:
Auaeaeeoue oeaeaaoth a?oiio aicaeaenoaey.
Ii?aaeaeeoue caaea/e eiiiaiee.
Ii?aaeaeeoue ?aeeaiiue athaeaeao, eioi?ue i?aaeiieaaaao ?aoaiea
neaaeothueo aii?inia:
eaeia eiee/anoai n?aaenoaa aoaeao ioeeiooi ia eiiiaieth;
eaeei ia?acii yoe n?aaenoaa aoaeoo ?ani?aaeaeaiu.
N?aaieoue iieo/aiiue athaeaeao n auaeaeaiiuie n?aaenoaaie.
Aua?aoue iioeiaeueiua eaiaeu ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu.
Ninoaaeoue ?acaa?iooue ieai-a?aoee.
I?eiyoue ?aoaiea i ?aeeaiiii ia?auaiee.
Ioeaieoue ?aeeaiioth eiiiaieth.
Oae eae IAI «?iaaineee IIC» no?aieony caoaaoeoue aeiiieieoaeueioth
aeieth ?uiea, oi cao?aou ia ?aeeaio aeieaeiu i?aauoaoue cao?aou ia
?aeeaio o eiieo?aioia.
E eiiioieeaoeeiiiie iieeoeea ioiinyony i?iiaaaiaea,,. Ee/iay i?iaeaaea,
noeioee?iaaiea nauoa.
Nooue i?iiaaaiaeu caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai: IAI «?iaaineee
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» iin?aaenoaii i?aaiecaoeee
aeaaioai?eoaeueiuo aeoeee, naycae n oaeaaeaeaieai, ?aaeei, aacaoaie
nicaeaao naaa iieiaeeoaeueiue eieaeae.
Ee/iay i?iaeaaea – yoi ?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»
/a?ac eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia e /a?ac oe?iaiioth oi?aiaoth naoue.
Noeioee?iaaiea nauoa caeeth/aaony a ?ac?aaioea nenoaiu eueaio e neeaeie.
Ana auoaia?a/eneaiiua ia?ii?eyoey i?e eo i?aaeeueiie ?ac?aaioea e
auiieiaiee aeieaeiu niinianoaiaaoue oniaoo IAI «?iaaineiio
iyniia?a?aaaouaathuaio caaiaeo», ii oae eae n?aaea, a eioi?ie
inouanoaeyao naith aeayoaeueiinoue caaiae, iaiinoiyiia e iineaaenoaey
yoeo eciaiaiee ia anaaaea aeaaii?eyoiua aeey aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa, oi
iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue ana ?enee. ?anniio?ei aiciiaeiua oaeoi?u ?enea e eo
iineaaenoaey aeey IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» (oaaeeoea 3.1.1).
Ia?eaoeiaiaay n?aaea ninoieo ec noa?, a eioi?uo i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii
eneaoue aeey naay iiaua aiciiaeiinoe e neaaeeoue ca aicieeiiaaieai
iioaioeeaeueiuo oa?ic. Iia aeeth/aao a naay ana neeu, neacuaathueany ia
niiniaiinoe oe?iu onoaiaaeeaaoue e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eiioaeou n oeaeaaui
?uieii.
Oaaeeoea 3.1.1 – Aiciiaeiua oaeoi?u ?enea e eo iineaaenoaey aeey IAI
«?iaaineiai IIC»
Oaeoi?u ia?eaoeiaiaie n?aaeu Aiciiaeiua oaeoi?u ?enea Iineaaenoaey aeey
IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»
1 2 3
Iee?in?aaea
Eiieo?aiou Iiauoaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee, nieaeaiea naaanoieiinoe
ecaeaeey, ?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa. Ia?aoiae eeeaioia a eiieo?aioai,
iioa?y /anoe ?uiea, nieaeaiea i?eauee.
Eiioaeoiua aoaeeoi?ee N?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee inaaoeee
aeayoaeueiinoue IAI «?iaaineee IIC» n iaaaoeaiie noi?iiu. Iioa?y
eieaeaea i?aaei?eyoey, a cia/eo e eeeaioia, iioa?y aeioiaeia, /anoe
?uiea
Iin?aaeieee Iioa?y iaeiiai e iin?aaeieeia:
– neeaaea
– e?aaeeoii-oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee Iioa?y ioieoa, iaania/eaathuaai
iaeiieaiea e nio?aiiinoue a?ocia ia iooe e ianoo iacia/aiey, oaaee/aiea
naaanoieiinoe ia?aaicie.
Iaaiciiaeiinoue oeiaine?iaaiey IAI ca n/ao e?aaeeoia aaiea.
Iinoaaueee Ia?ooaiea a iinoaaeao ANI, caianiuo /anoae, iaoa?eaeia,
nu?uey N?ua caeacia eeeaioia, ia?ooaiea aeiaiai?ia, oo?aoiua naieoeee,
iioa?y eieaeaea.
Iae?in?aaea
Aeaiia?aoe/aneay yeiiiie/aneay n?aaea Nieaeaiea niiniaiinoe eeeaioia,
?ino o?iaiy eioeyoeee. Nieaeaiea ni?ina ia oneoae, nieaeaiea iauaia
i?iecaiaenoaa, nieaeaiea aeioiaeia.
I?e?iaeiay n?aaea ?ino oeaiu ia i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu, iiaei?iaeaiea
yeaeo?iyia?aee e o.i. Oaaee/aiea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee, nieaeaiea
iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa e aeioiaeia
Iieeoe/aneay n?aaea Iaaeaaii?eyoiay iieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea Ionoonoaea
eiaanoeoeee ni noi?iiu eiaanoi?ia, oooaeoaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneie aacu. Aiciiaeia /anoe/iay inoaiiaa ?aaiou
i?aaei?eyoey, nieaeaiea aeioiaeia.
Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae, eioi?ue oa?aeoa?ai aeey ia?eaoeiaa, caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oiau i?e aiaeeca aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ?anniao?eaatho iee?i
e iae?in?aaeo a oaniie niaieoiiinoe e acaeiinayce, ai anae eo iieiioa,
iioiio, /oi iaaieiaiea eaeiio-eeai ec yeaiaioia oie eee eiie n?aaeu
niiniaii i?eaanoe e na?ueaciie iaoaea/e ia ?uiea.
IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» aeieaeai iai?a?uaii
niaa?oainoaiaaoue ana noa?u naiae aeayoaeueiinoe, aaiaey ?acee/iua
iiaoanoaa, a nayce n iaee/eai iauaeoeaiuo aiaoieo aeiaaeueiuo
i?ioeannia, e eioi?ui ioiinyony:
?acaeoea iaoee e oaoieee;
anaiauaa ?anoe?aiiia aini?iecaiaenoai;
eiieo?aioeey.
Aic?anoaiea ianooaaia ie?iaiai i?iecaiaenoaa iaecaaaeii i?eaiaeeo e
oaaee/aieth oaeaeueiuo cao?ao ia ecaioiaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee; i?e yoii:
iiauoathony oeaiu ia nu?uea e oiieeai ca n/ao oaaee/aiey cao?ao ia eo
aeiau/o;
oaaee/eaathony ?anoiaeu ia io?aio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu;
iiauoathony o?aaiaaiey e ea/anoao auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee;
oaeanoi/aaony eiieo?aioeey iaaeaeo oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeyie;
aic?anoaao ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?aaioieeia ii ia?a ?inoa eo iio?aaiinoae.
A oaeeo oneiaeyo ie iaeii i?aaei?eyoea ia niiaeao neieueei-ieaoaeue
aeieai nouanoaiaaoue, ia aiiny caiaoiuo eciaiaiee a naith ?aaioo.
A IAI «?iaaineii iyniia?a?aaaouaathuai caaiaea» i?aaeaea anaai
niaa?oainoaothony n?aaenoaa, iaoiaeu e i?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa, oi
anoue i?iaiaeyony:
inaiaiea iiaie auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee;
aiaae?aiea a i?iecaiaenoai iiaiai iai?oaeiaaiey, oieiaeeeueieeia,
iaoa?eaeia;
eniieueciaaiea iiauo oaoiieiaee e niiniaia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee;
oniaa?oainoaiaaiea e i?eiaiaiea iiauo i?ia?anneaiuo iaoiaeia, n?aaenoa e
i?aaee i?aaiecaoeee e oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaii.
Caaea/e oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oaoieee e i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaeoaa iai?yioth
naycuaathony n iio?aaiinoyie ?uiea, o.a. ii?aaeaeythony i?iaeoeoeey,
eioi?oth neaaeoao ?ac?aaaouaaoue, iio?aaeoaee, eiieo?aiou e ae?oaea.
Yoe aii?inu ?aoathony eiaeaia?aie, ia?eaoieiaaie, yeiiiienoaie,
oaoiieiaaie, eioi?ua ?ac?aaaouaatho oaoie/aneoth iieeoeeo.
Ia iniiaa yoie iieeoeee ii?aaeaeythony iai?aaeaiey oaoie/aneiai ?acaeoey
i?iecaiaenoaa, naeoi? ?uiea, ia eioi?ii niae?aaony cae?aieoueny aeaiiia
i?aaei?eyoea e ?ac?aaaouaaaony i?ia?aiia ia?eaoeiaa.
I?ia?aiia ia?eaoeiaa aeeth/aao ?ac?aaioeo neaaeothueo iai?aaeaiee:
I?iaiic aieinoe ?uiea ni?ina ia ecaeaeey aeaiiiai IAI «?iaaineiai IIC».
?ac?aaioea oa?eoia ia oneoae IIC.
?an/ao oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae.
?ac?aaioea nenoaiu noeioee?iaaiey nauoa ecaeaeee IAI «?iaaineiai IIC».
I?aaiecaoeey ee/iie i?iaeaaee.
?ac?aaioea ia?ii?eyoee ii i?iiaaaiaea aeaiiiai aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa e
aai oneoa.
?ac?aaioea ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee.
Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey.
?an/ao athaeaeaoa ia?eaoeiaa.
?anniio?ei eaaeaeia iai?aaeaiea aieaa aeaoaeueii.
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee i?iaiica aieinoe ?uiea iyniuo ecaeaeee iaiaoiaeeii
o/eouaaoue oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey ?uiea ii ?anoe?aieth eee noaeaieth.
I?eieiaai, /oi ?uiie a ieaie?oaiii ia?eiaea ia iioa?ieo nouanoaaiiuo
eciaiaiee.
I?iaiic ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» onoaiaaeeaatho
enoiaey ec ieaie?oaiie aeiee ?uiea i?aaei?eyoey ii oi?ioea
Biie=E(di (3.1),
aaea Biie – ieaie?oaiue ni?in ia i?iaeoeoeeth;
i – aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey;
A – aieinoue ?uiea;
di – aeiey ?uiea i?aaei?eyoey, a aeieyo aaeeieoeu.
?an/ao: AieIIC =
Eae oaea auei neacaii auoa, oa?eo oeaeaniia?acii onoaiiaeoue ia iniiae
iaoiaea ?aaiiaaniuo oeai, o.a. ii ioiioaieth ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey,
enoiaey ec oi?ioeu:
)((AieIIC/(( Qiie)(Ei. (3.2)
aaea O – oa?eo ia aeaiiue aeae oneoa, a?i.;
– n?aaeiyy ?aioaaaeueiinoue oneoae, aeieyo aaeeieoe;
S – naaanoieiinoue oneoae, a?i.;
(Aiie – ieaie?oaiue o?iaaiue ni?ina ia oneoae,oun./.;
(Qiie – o?iaaiue i?aaeeiaeaiey oneoae, ieaie?oaiue, oun./.;
Ei – eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee iaeiae, Ei=1,22.
O?iaaiue ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth i?eieiaai ?aaiui aieinoe ?uiea. I?e
?an/aoa o?iaiy i?aaeeiaeaiey n/eoaai, /oi ii inoaeny iaeciaiiui o
eiieo?aioia e au?in ia 5 % o IAI «?iaaineiai IIC».
O?iaaiue i?aaeeiaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony eae:
(Qiie =(Qioaeo.+(dieIIC(A, (3.3)
aaea (Qioaeo – noia?iue iauai i?aaeeiaeaiey oneoa (i?eiyoue ?aaiui
oaeoe/aneiio i?aaeeiaeaieth eiieo?aioia e IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»,
oun.a?i.;
(dieIIC – ieaie?oaiia oaaee/aiea aeiee ?uiea ii IAI «?iaaineiai IIC», a
aeieyo aaeeieoe;
?an/ao: (Qiie=
Neaaeothuei yoaiii i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony ?an/ao oeiainiauo
iieacaoaeae aeioiaeia, ?anoiaeia, i?eauee.
?an/ao i?iecaiaeeony ii oi?ioeai:
Aei=T(Qi; (3.4)
Qi= Biie;
Ci=S(Qi; (3.5)
Ii= Aei – Ci – I, (3.6)
aaea Aei – aeioiaeu io oneoae, a?i.;
Ci – ?anoiaeu ia i?aaeinoaaeaiea oneoae;
Ii – i?eaueue, iieo/aiiay io oneoae, a?i.;
I – iauay noiia iaeiaia, a?i.
?an/ao: Ae=
N=
I=
Iino.=
Aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa i?iaeoeoeee iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaioaoue nenoaio
neeaeie (oaaeeoea 3.1.2).
Iauay noiia neeaeie ?ann/eouaaaony neaaeothuei ia?acii:
Ne?=O(Qne( E(jne?, (3.7)
aaea Qne – iauai oneoa, ia eioi?ie ?ani?ino?aiyaony neeaeea, /.;
E -eiee/anoai neo/aaa i?eiaiaiey;
jne? – aaee/eia neeaeee ?-ai aeaea, a aeieyo aaeeieoeu.
?an/ao: Ne1=3(100(4(10=12000 a?i.
Ne2=5(50(5(8=10000 a?i.
Ne3=5(70(3(6=6300 a?i.
Athaeaeao noeioee?iaaiey nauoa oiaa?ia IAI «?iaaineee IIC»:
An=(Ne? (3.8)
?an/ao: An=12000+10000+6300=28300 a?i.
Aeey i?aaiecaoeee ee/iie i?iaeaaee iaiaoiaeeii aua?aoue i?eioeei
i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia.
A ooaoa IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» iaoiaeyony 12 eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia,
i?ioeaio naeaeee, eaeouae ia ca?ieaoo eioi?uo ninoaaeyao 1,1%.
Oaaeeoea 3.1.2 – Neeaeee ia oiaa?u IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»
Iaeiaiiaaiea neeaeee Aaee/eia neeaeee % Noa?a ?ani?ino?aiaiey neeaeee
Eiee/anoai neo/aaa ?ani?i-no?aiaiey Iauay noiia ?ani?i-no?aiaiey
Iieueciaaoaeyi iiae/eai 3 Neeaeee eeeaioai aia?aua iieoiathueo oiaa?u. 4
12000
Iinoiyiiui eeeaioai 5 Neeaeee eeeaioai iinoiyiii iieoiathueo oiaa?u. 5
10000
Ca caeac ia noiio, i?aauoathuoth 600 a?i. 5 Eeeaioai, caeeth/athuei
caeac ia noiio aieaa 600 a?i. 3 6300
Ieeaae eaaeaeiai eiiia?/aneiai aaaioa ninoaaeyao 120 a?i. ca 1 aeaiue
aaaio niaa?oaao 6 iiacaeie iacaiiui o?ainii?oii e 4 iiacaeee a iao?i a
n?aaeiai.
?anoiaeu IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» ca n/ao ee/iie i?iaeaaee ninoaaeytho 70 %
io iauae noiiu aeioiaeia i?aaeeiaeaiey.
Aeie=
Aaee/eia ca?aaioiie ieaou eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia, iieo/aiiay io noiiu
naeaeee, ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea:
CI%=Aeie(an, (3.9)
aaea an- i?ioeaio naeaeee, eaeouae ia ca?ieaoo.
CI%=
O?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu ?aaiu:
No=
Noiia?iua ?anoiaeu ia ee/ioth i?iaeaaeo ?ann/eouaathony oae:
Ne.i.=CIi+CI%+No, (3.10)
aaea Cii – ieeaae eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia ia ieaie?oaiue ia?eiae, a?i.
Ne.i.=
Oaaeeoea 3.1.3 – ?an/ao cao?ao ia ee/ioth i?iaeaaeo oiaa?ia IIC
Aeioiaeu IIC, iieo/aiiua ca n/ao ee/iie i?iaeaaee, a?i. Noiia?iue ieeaae
eiiia?/aneeo aaaioia, a?i. Aaee/eia naeaeee, eaeouae ia ca?ieaoo, %
Aaee/eia ca?aaioiie ieaou aaaioa io naeaeee, a?i. O?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu,
a?i. Noiia?iua ?anoiaeu ia ee/ioth i?iaeaaeo, a?i.
A oeaeyo i?iiaaaiaeu IAI «?iaaineee IIC» e aai oneoa iaiaoiaeeii
?ac?aaaouaaoue ia?ii?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiua ia nicaeaiea iieiaeeoaeueiiai
eieaeaea IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» (aeaaioai?eoaeueiua ia?ii?eyoey,
i?iiaaaiaea ia?aaeiaiai nauoa, naycue n i?annie, oaeaaeaeaiea, ?aaeei,
oi?ie?iaaiea iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey).
?ac?aaioea ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee aeeth/aao:
ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee;
auaeaeaiea oeaeaaie a?oiiu ?aeeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey;
auai? iioeiaeueiuo eaiaeia ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu aeey eaaeaeie
oeaeaaie a?oiiu ?aeeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey;
auai? iineoaeae ?aeeaiu;
ninoaaeaiea ?acaa?iooiai ieaia-a?aoeea ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee: a eaeeo
iineoaeyo ?aeeaiu «A eaeia a?aiy» n eaeie /anoioie aoaeao aeaaaoueny
?aeeaia;
i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i ?aeeaiiii ia?auaiee;
?an/ao ?aeeaiiiai athaeaeaoa.
Oaaeeoea 3.1.4 – Ia?ii?eyoey ii i?iiaaaiaea IAI «?iaaineee IIC»
Ia?ii?eyoey N?aaenoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee Oeaeue ia?ii?eyoey
1 2 3
1. ?annueea a?ioth? i aeayoaeueiinoe «?iaaineiai IIC» ia i?aaei?eyoey
iauanoaaiiiai ieoaiey, a e?oiiua iaaaceiu, oe?iu. Ii/oa Eioi?ie?iaaiea
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia i aeayoaeueiinoe IIC.
2. Ia/aoue a aaaeoueo aacaoao na?ee noaoae, ?anneacuaathueo i
nio?oaeie/anoaa «?iaaineiai IIC» n e?oiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie iauanoaaiiiai
ieoaiey. I?anna Nicaeaiea iieiaeeoaeueiiai eieaeaea.
3. Caeeth/aiea aeiaiai?ia ia iinoaaeo iyniuo i?iaeoeoia aeey aieueieoeo
? 4 ii Iineianeiio i?iniaeoo. Oaeaaeaeaiea, ?aaeei, i?anna Nicaeaiea
iieiaeeoaeueiiai eieaeaea.
4. E 25-eaoeth aeayoaeueiinoe IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» auione eieae i
enoi?ee ?acaeoey aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa, i aeinoeaeaieyo e i?iaeaiao
i?aaei?eyoey e oae aeaeaa. N?aaenoaa oi?aiaee Oi?ie?iaaiea iauanoaaiiiai
iiaiey.
Oae eae i?aaei?eyoea n oeaeueth oaaee/aiey aeiee ?uiea ia 5 % ieaie?oao
auaaaeaiea ia ?uiie oneoae, eioi?ie iii ?aiueoa ia i?aaenoaaeyei, IAI
«?iaaineiio IIC» ia yoii yoaia iaiaoiaeeii i?iaaaeaiea eioi?iaoeaiie
?aeeaiu aeey nicaeaiey ia?ae/iiai ni?ina.
Oeaeaaie a?oiiie ?aeeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey yaeyaony i?aaei?eyoey
iauanoaaiiiai ieoaiey ai?iaea Oa?ueeiaa e Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe.
Aeiey ianaeaiey, ninoaaeythuay oeaeaaie ?uiie – 40%.
?aeeaia IAI «?iaaineee IIC» ?aciauaaony a aacaoao, ia oaeaaeaeaiee e
?aaeei.
Aeey auai?a iineoaey ?aeeaiu e a?aiaie aa auoiaea ii?aaeaeeoue ioaao
aoaeeoi?ee, ioiineoaeueiue oa?eo, eiaeaen ecae?aoaeueiinoe.
?acoeueoaou ?an/aoia aianoe a oaaeeoeu 3.1.5, 3.1.6, 3.1.7.
Oaaeeoea 3.1.5 – Enoiaeiua aeaiiua aeey auai?a aacao n oeaeueth
?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu IAI «?iaaineee IIC»
Aacaoa Oe?aae, oun. yec. Oa?eo, a?i. Ioiine-oaeueiue oa?eo Ioaao
oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee Eiaeaen ecae?a-oaeueiinoe
Aacaoa 1 150 0,65 0,004 30 0,75
Aacaoa 2 170 0,85 0,005 30 0,75
Aacaoa 3 180 0,5 0,002 32 0,8
Ii?aaeaeyaony ioiineoaeueiue oa?eo Oioi.
Oioi.= O1ni2(1000/oe?aae, (3.11)
aaea O1ni2 – oa?eo ca 1 ni2, a?i.
Eiaeaen ecae?aoaeueiinoe Ieca neoaeeo aeey n?aaiaiey i?ioeaioa,
i?eoiaeyuaainy ia aeieth iineoaey ?aeeaiu aoaeeoi?ee oeaeaaiai ?uiea, n
i?ioeaioii ianaeaiey, ninoaaeythueo yoio ?uiie.
Ieca=d/doe.?., (3.12)
aaea d – aeiey /eoaoaeae (c?eoaeae, neooaoaeae) iineoaey ?aeeaiu ia
oeaeaaii ?uiea, %;
doe.?. – aeiey ianaeaiey, ninoaaeythuay oeaeaaie ?uiie, % (doe.?.=40%).
Oaaeeoea 3.1.6 – Enoiaeiua aeaiiua aeey auai?a oaeaeaiaea n oeaeueth
?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu IAI «?iaaineee IIC»
A?aiy OE-1 OE-2
auoiaea ?aeeaiu ioaao aoaee-oi?ee, oun. /ae. oa?eo, a?i. ioiine-oaeueiue
oa?eo aeiey aoaee-oi?ee ia oeaeaaii ?uiea,% eiaeaen ecae?a-oaeue-iinoe
ioaao aoaee-oi?ee, oun. /ae. oa?eo, a?i. ioiine-oaeueiue oa?eo aeiey
aoaee-oi?ee ia oeaeaaii ?uiea,% eiaeaen ecae?a-oaeue-iinoe
900 60 1,5 0,025 30 0,75 70 1,5 0,021 31 0,775
1800 150 2,2 0,015 50 1,25 85 2,0 0,023 38 0,95
2200 210 3,4 0,016 52 1,3 155 3,2 0,020 45 1,125
Oaaeeoea 3.1.7 – Enoiaeiua aeaiiua aeey auai?a ?aaeei n oeaeueth
?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu IAI «?iaaineee IIC»
A?aiy E-1 E-2
auoiaea ?aeeaiu ioaao aoaee-oi?ee, oun. /ae. oa?eo, a?i. ioiine-oaeueiue
oa?eo aeiey aoaee-oi?ee ia oeaeaaii ?uiea,% eiaeaen ecae?a-oaeue-iinoe
ioaao aoaee-oi?ee, oun. /ae. oa?eo, a?i. ioiine-oaeueiue oa?eo aeiey
aoaee-oi?ee ia oeaeaaii ?uiea,% eiaeaen ecae?a-oaeue-iinoe
800 200 0,55 0,0027 40 1,0 210 0,65 0,0030 45 1,125
1500 210 0,5 0.0024 35 0,875 170 0,6 0,0035 38 0,95
2000 80 0,45 0,0056 30 0,75 95 0,5 0,0053 31 0,775
Ia auai? iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiiai iineoaey ?aeeaiu aeeytho iaeiaiueoee
ioiineoaeueiue oa?eo e iaeaieueoee eiaeaen ecae?aoaeueiinoe.
?aeeaia IAI «?iaaineiai IIC», enoiaey ec yoeo oaeoi?ia aoaeao ?aciauaia
a aacaoa 3, ia oaeaeaiaea 1 a 2200 e ia ?aaeei 2 a 800.
?aeeaia a aacaoa aoaeao ?aciauaony 1 ?ac a iaaeaeth a oa/aiee aiaea.
Ieauaaeue iaeaoe ?aaia 20 ni2. Oa?eo ia ecaioiaeaiea 1 ni2 iaeaoa
ninoaaeyao 2 a?i.
?aeeaia ia oaeaeaiaea aaaeao ?aciauaoueny 1 ?ac a iaaeaeth a oa/aiee
aiaea. Noieiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa 1 naeoiaeu – 15 a?i.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 30 naeoiae.
?aeeaia ia ?aaeei ?aciauaaoiy aaeaaeiaaii. Noieiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa 1
naeoiaeu – 5 a?i. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue 15 naeoiae.
N?ie ?aciauaiey ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu ninoaaeyao 4 ianyoea. Noieiinoue
ecaioiaeaiey ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu – 300 a?i., noieiinoue ?aciauaiey ia 1
ianyoe – 100 a?eaaiue.
A?aoee ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee i?aaenoaaeai ia oaaeeoea 3.1.8.
Oaaeeoea 3.1.8- A?aoee ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee
Ianyoe – yiaa?ue
/enei – ianyoea
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
Aacaoa 3
OE-1
2200
R-2
800
Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia
?aeeaiiia ia?auaiea ia oaeaaeaeaiee eiaao niaea?aeaiea:
«IAI «?iaaineee iyniia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae» i?aaeeaaaao oe?ieee
anni?oeiaio eieaaniuo ecaeaeee, nauoa 15 iaeiaiiaaiee, ioee/iiai
ea/anoaa ii iioiaui e ?icie/iui oeaiai.
Eoieoa, iii?iaoeoa e i?eoiaeeoa aua!
Caiieoa ii oaeaoiio: 99-87-33 eee ia?auaeoanue ii aae?ano: a. Oa?ueeia,
oe. ?iaaineay, 151»
Ia ye?aia eaeao iieac anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, a i?aaii aa?oiai oaeo –
oe?iaiiue ciae IAI «?iaaineiai IIC». Aioo?e ye?aia aae?an i?aaei?eyoey,
eiioaeoiue oaeaoii. Oaeno aauaao aiein ec-ca eaae?a.
Niaea?aeaiea aoaeei?ieeea:
«Anee Au caieiaaoanue oi?aiaeae i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey e ia ciaaoa, /ai
oaeeaeoue naieo iieoiaoaeae, ia?auaeoanue e iai! IAI «?iaaineee IIC»
i?aaeeaaaao oe?ieee anni?oeiaio iyniuo ecaeaeee nauoa 15 iaeiaiiaaiee,
eioi?ue oaeeaeo ethaiai aaoaai iieoiaoaey, a iioiaua oeaiu ii?aaeotho
Aan.
Aae?an: a. Oa?ueeia, oe. ?iaaineay, 151;
eiioaeoiue oaeaoii: 99-87-33.»
A aacaoa ?aeeaiiia iauyaeaiea aoaeao eiaoue niaea?aeaiea: «A oeaio?a
?aeeaiiiai iaeaoa oe?iaiiue ciae IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»;aaa?oo –
«I?iaeaaea iyniuo ecaeaeee nauoa 15 iaeiaiiaiee ii oeaia
caaiaea-ecaioiaeoaey. Aeinoaaea a ethaoth oi/eo ai?iaea, iinoiyiiui
caeac/eeai – neeaeee»; aieco – aae?an IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» e eiioaeoiue
oaeaoii.
Aeey o?aineyoeee ii oaeaaeaeaieth e ?aaeei iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue aoaeei-
e aeaeai?ieeee. Iin/eoaai cao?aou ia eo nicaeaiea e ?aciauaiea ii
oi?ioea:
Na/?(a/?)=Oeca(t+O?ici(t , (3.13)
aaea Na/?(a/?) – niioaaonoaaiii cao?aou ii i?iecaiaenoao aeaeai?ieeea e
aoaeei?ieeea, a?i.;
Oeca – noieiinoue ecaioiaeaiey 1 naeoiaeu, a?i.;
t – i?iaeieaeeoaeueinoue ?ieeea;
Na/? = 15(30+34(30(52=5754 a?i.,
N(a/?)= 5(15+0,65(15(365=3634 a?i.
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey cao?ao ia nicaeaiea ?aeeaiiiai ?ieeea aeey aacao e aai
?aciauaiey eniieuecotho oi?ioeo:
Ni=Oieca(S+Oi?aci(S, (3.14)
aaea Oieca – oa?eo ca ecaioiaeaiea 1 ni2 iaeaoa, a?i.;
Oi?aci – oa?eo ca ?aciauaiea 1 ni2 ?aeeaiiiai iaeaoa, a?i.;
ieiuaaeue iaeaoa, ni2.
Ni = 20(2+0,5(20(52=560 a?i.
Cao?aou ia ecaioiaeaiea e ?aciauaiea ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu – Ni;
Ni= Oieca+t(Oi?aci , (3.15)
aaea Oieca e Oi?aci – niioaaonoaaiii oa?eo ia ecaioiaeaiea e ?aciauaiea
?aeeaiu, a?i.;
t – n?ie ?aciauaiey.
Ni=300+100(4=700 a?i.
Iauee athaeaeao ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee: (A?=(N; oi anoue naiia anao cao?ao
ia ecaioiaeaiea e ?aciauaiea anao aeaeia ?aeeaiu.
A?=5754+3634+560_700=10648 a?i.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae ieaia ia?eaoeiaa iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe ?yae
ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee.
A i?iaeoa i?eaiaeeony ia?a/aiue iaiaoiaeeiuo enneaaeiaaiee e eo oeaeue
(oaaeeoea 1.3.9).
Athaeaeao ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee i?eieiaai ?aaiui 1 % io i?eauee.
Ai.e.=
Oaaeeoea 1.3.9 – Ieai ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee
Ia?a/aiue ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee Oeaeue ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee
I?aaiecaoeey, i?iaiaeeiay ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey
1.Enneaaeiaaiea eiiutheoo?u ?uiea Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ieaie?iaaiey
iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa Ia?eaoeiaiaay neoaeaa.
2. Eco/aiea nenoaiu eioi?ie?iaaiey ?oeiaiaenoaa Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
?aaiou nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey Eioi?iaoeeiiiue ioaeae
3.Caia? iioaioeeaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae ?uiea Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiiai
ieaie?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» Ia?eaoeiaiaue ioaeae
4. Eco/aiea ?aaeoeee ia iiaue oiaa? e aai iioaioeeae nieaeaiea ?uiea eee
auaaaeaiea iiaiai oiaa?a ia ?uiie Ioaeae ia?eaoeiaa IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»
5. Eco/aiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo ia?aie/aiee a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu e
noeioee?iaaiey Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou IAI «?iaaineiai IIC»
TH?eno i?aaei?eyoey
6. Eco/aiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee IAI «?iaaineiai IIC» Ia?eaoeiaiaue ioaeae «?iaaineiai
IIC»
Athaeaeao ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeytho noiie?oy cao?aou ia ?aeeaio,
noeioee?iaaiey nauoa, ee/ioth i?iaeaaeo, a oaeaea cao?aou ia
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey.
Aia?e.=
?aoaiea caiyoueny ia?eaoeiaiauie enneaaeiaaieyie a IAI «?iaaineii IIC»
ia icia/aao, /oi iie aeieaeiu auoue neiaeiuie e aei?iainoiyueie.
I?aaei?eyoea iiaeao aeinoe/ue naieo oeaeae /a?ac aiaeec nianoaaiiuo
aeaiiuo i i?iaeaaeao eee iaoi?iaeueiua ano?a/e n nio?oaeieeaie ioaeaea
nauoa.
A ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaieyo iaiaoiaeei nenoaiiue iiaeoiae e
i?eaa?aeaiiinoue i?eioeeiai iauaeoeaiinoe, oi/iinoe e ouaoaeueiinoe.
?acia? e noieiinoue ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee caaeneo a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie io iauaia o?aaoaiie eioi?iaoeee, noaiaie oi?iaeecaoeee
enneaaeiaaiee, iauaiia iiauo aeaiiuo, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue nia?aiu, a
oaeaea neiaeiinoe aiaeeca.
CAEETH*AIEA
Oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii ia i?aaei?eyoee ?anniao?eaatho eae i?aeoe/aneia
inouanoaeaiea ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiaiiie eioaa?e?iaaiiie iieeoeea aeaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea.
Nthaea aeeth/aaony aiaeec, ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaaaeaiea ia?ii?eyoee,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia aeinoeaeaiea ecaeaeee ia ?uiea.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii iaania/eaaao, ai-ia?auo, oeaeaaoth i?eaioaoeeth
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, naycaiioth i?aaeaea anaai n
oaeiaeaoai?aieai iauanoaaiiuo e ee/iuo iio?aaiinoae.
Ai-aoi?uo, eiiieaeniinoue yoie aeayoaeueiinoe, au?aaeathuaany a
oaoiieiae/aneii i?ioeanna io caiunea oiaa?a aei aai iio?aaeaiey.
A-o?aoueeo, iicaieyao o/eouaaoue ia?niaeoeao a niaa?oainoaiaaiee
oiaa?iiai anni?oeiaioa a niioaaonoaee n iio?aaiinoyie e oneiaeyie
iio?aaeaiey.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii inouanoaeyaony ioo?i:
I?aaiecaoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe ia i?aaei?eyoee (ioaeaea
ia?eaoeiaa);
?ac?aaioee e inouanoaeaiey i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeiaa.
I?aaiecaoeey ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee yoi ?uii/iay ia?ai?eaioaoeey a
aai aeayoaeueiinoe, ia?aoiae io o?aaeeoeeiiiie i?eaioaoeee ia o?aaiaaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa e i?eaioaoeee ia o?aaiaaiey ?uiea.
I?eaioaoeey ia i?iecaiaenoai e i?eaioaoeey ia ?uiie oanii naycaiu
iaaeaeo niaie. Iaeiaei i?eaioaoeey ia ?uiie – aieaa aunieay nooiaiue a
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, eiaaea iii iniiauaaynue ia ia?aaeiaie
oaoiieiaee, ia caiueaaony ia ?aoaiee aioo?aiieo caaea/, a auoiaeeo ia
eiia/ioth oeaeue – oaeiaeaoai?aiea ni?ina iieoiaoaeae. Ioaeae ia?eaoeiaa
ia i?aaei?eyoee oi?ie?oaony ia n?aco, a iiyoaiii, iinoaiaiii iauaaeeiyy
a naaa iniiaiua ooieoeee ia?eaoeiaa (eco/aiea ?uiea, oi?ie?iaaiea
anni?oeiaioa, ?aeeaia e o.ae.). Ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue
aicaeaaeyao eiiia?/aneee aee?aeoi? i?aaei?eyoey.
I?ia?aiia ia?eaoeiaa iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a oceii e oe?ieii
niunea.
A oceii niunea yoi – aeieoiaio, ii?aaeaeythuee eiie?aoioth
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea. A aieaa oe?ieii niunea iia
?anniao?eaaaony eae iai?a?uaiue i?ioeann aiaeeca, ieaie?iaaiey e
eiio?iey, iai?aaeaiiue ia i?eaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey e aieaa iieiiio
niioaaonoaeth aiciiaeiinoae i?aaei?eyoey o?aaiaaieyi ?uiea.
Neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aioo?aiithth ?aaeceth
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, ?ann/eoaiiay ia ananoi?iiithth ioeaieo
naieo aiciiaeiinoae. ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa ia i?aaei?eyoee
iai?aaeaia ia aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae n i?eaioaoeeae ia yooaeoeaiia
eniieueciaaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo, o?oaeiauo, oeiainiauo e ae?oaeo ?ano?nia
i?aaei?eyoey.
A iniiaa no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa eaaeeo ?yae i?eioeeiia, eioi?uie iiaeao
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny i?aaei?eyoea a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaiua ec ieo:
?uiie aeeooa?aioee?iaai e eaaeaeay aai /anoue (naaiaio) eiaao naith
niaoeeoeeo;
i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia iaeei eee ianeieueei ?uii/iuo
naaiaioia;
i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao aeaenoaiaaoue ia ?uiea naiinoiyoaeueii eee a
nio?oaeie/anoaa n ae?oaeie;
auai? n?aaenoa ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony eiie?aoiie neooaoeeae ia ?uiea;
auoiae i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiie i?aaeiieaaaao ananoi?iiiee o/?o
yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee, iauae eiiutheoo?u ?uiea e oi?aiaie
eiiuetheoo?u, iiceoeee eiieo?aioia e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua iiaoo
oneeeoue eee iaiai?io ineaaeoue aiciiaeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a ?aaeecaoeee
naiae i?iaeoeoeee.
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony iniiaiiieaaathuei aeieoiaioii, eioi?ue
onoaiaaeeaatho, eoi, /oi, eiaaea, aaea e eaeei ia?acii aeieaeai
aeaeaoue.
Oaeoe/aneia ieaie?iaaiea ioaaouaaao ?ac?aaioeo eiie?aoiuo caaeaiee ia
aeeaeaeoee ia?eiae a iaeanoe anni?oeiaioiie, oi?aiaie, oeaiiaie
?aeeaiiie, oeiainiaie, eaae?iaie iieeoeee i?aaei?eyoey.
Ieaie?iaaiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee aeeth/aao, ii?aaeaeaiea
iio?aaiinoe a oiaa?ao e a?oii iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae, ioeaieo
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe ecaeaeee, iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa.
Ieaie?iaaiea nauoa i?aaeiieaaaao auai? eaiaeia nauoa (oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey),
ii?aaeaeaiea iano i?iaeaaee oiaa?ia (oe?iaiiay oi?aiaey), ieaie?iaaiea
oiaa?iiai?ioa, ?acia?a oiaa?iuo caiania.
Ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiu e noeioee?iaaiea i?iaeaaee oiaa?ia aeeth/aao
i?iaaaeaiea oaeeo ?aaio, eae auai? ?aeeaiiuo n?aaenoa, ii?aaeaeaiea
iaoiaeia noeioee?iaaiey i?iaeaaoeia, ioeaiea niiniaia aicaeaenoaey ia
eiieo?aioia.
Ieaie?iaaiea oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae aeeth/aao ieaie?iaaiea ?anoiaeia ia
ia?eaoeia, ieaie?iaaiea oeaiu (ni?in, ecaea?aeee, eiieo?aiou),
ieaie?iaaiea aeioiaeia io ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee.
Ieaie?iaaiea eaae?iaiai iaania/aiey – yoi ?annoaiiaea ?oeiaiaeyuaai
ia?niiaea e niaoeeaeenoia, iiaeaioiaea e ia?aiiaeaioiaea eaae?ia,
i?eaea/aiea eiinoeueoaioia, i?aaiecaoeey eco/aiey iiuoa ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoee.
Ia?eaoeiaiaue eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony a o?ao oi?iao: no?aoaae/aneee
eiio?ieue, aaeaaiaeiue ieaiiaue eiio?ieue, eiio?ieue i?eaueueiinoe.
No?aoaae/aneee eiio?ieue – yoi ia?eiaee/aneay, ananoi?iiiyy e
iauaeoeaiay i?iaa?ea ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a oeaeyo
auyaeaiey niioaaonoaey aua?aiiie no?aoaaee ?aaeueiui i?ioeannai,
i?ioaeathuei ia ?uiea.
Aaeaaiaeiue ieaiiaue eiio?ieue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oaeouee eiio?ieue
aeinoeaeaiey iaia/aiiuo oeaeae (iauaiu i?iaeaae, aeiey caieiaaiiai
?uiea, ioiioaiea iio?aaeoaeae e oiaa?ai).
Eiio?ieue i?eaueueiinoe i?iaiaeeony ia iniiaa aaeaina i?eauee e oauoeia,
niioiioaiey cao?ao e iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
Aa?aieaoaeee A. A. e ae?oaea. Iia?aoeey «Ia?eaoeia». No?aoaaey e oaeoeea
eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau iiiiiieee . – I., «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ioiioaiey»,
1976a. – 248n.
Aaiaeoieia A. A. «Yooaeoeaiinoue iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai a
oneiaeyo ?uiea». Aaoi?neee ?aoa?ao aeen. Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue
yeiiiie/aneee oieaa?neoao. – O., 1995a. – 24n.
Aiiaiyineee A. E. «*aeiaae e aecian. Iooue niaa?oainoaa» – I. Aa?n,
1995a. – 228n.
Aa?eai Ae. E. «Ia?eaoeia aeey anao» : Aanaaea aeey ia/eiathueo. – E.:
?aaeaeoeeiiii-ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio? «Eoeueo-eioi?i-i?ann»:
Nioeeaeueii-eiiia?/aneay oe?ia «*aeiaae», 1991a. – 256n.
Aaoe?ia E. O. Eiiiie?a A. O. «I?aeoe/aneee ia?eaoeia», – Ae:
THai-Ainoie, 1996a. – 52n.
Ai?enia A. I., Aa?uaeieeia A. E., Iaeuoaaa A. A. «Aiaeec oicyenaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?ai?eyoee» – I. «Yeiiiieea» 1983a. – 174n.
«Aecian e ia?eaoeia»: Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee oeacaoaeue: Iao/ii
aiaae?ai/aneee oeaio? «Aeaeeiia?eao». – I., 1993a. –104n.
Aieeia I. E. «Yeiiiieea i?aaei?eyoey», I., «Eio?a-I», 1998a – 415n.
Aaoaiaoen Iaiaaeioen «Eioi?iaoeeiiiay iiaeaea?aeea i?eiyoey
ia?eaoeiaiauo ?aoaiee». Aaoi?neee ?aoa?ao (Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue
yeiiiie/aneee oieaa?neoao) – O., 1995a. – 18n.
Aieoaeia A. I. «Ia?eaoeia». Neiaa?ue. – I., «Yeiiiieea», Aeaei, 1994a –
160n.
Caaueyeia I. N. Aeaieaeia A. A. «Oi?ioea oniaoa: ia?eaoeia» (noi
aii?inia – noi ioaaoia i oii, eae yooaeoeaii aeaenoaiaaoue ia aiaoiai
?uiea), – I., «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ioiioaiey», 1991a. – 415n.
Eioea? Oeeeii «Iniiau ia?eaoeiaa» (ia?aaiae n aiaeeeneiai Aia?iaa A. A.;
iauanoaaiiay ?aaeaeoeey Iaiueeiaie A. I.) – I., I?ia?ann, 1992a. – 734n.
E?aoia E. E. «Ia?eaoeia ia i?aaei?eyoee» – I.: AI «OeinoaoEioi?i»,
1994a. – 184n.
E?aaeenia A. E. «Ia?eaoeia» – E., Ecaeaoaeuenoai «Oe?aeia», 1994a. –
398n.
Iaeeae Oa?ae « Eae ooeaeaoue n?aaee aeoe. Iia?aaeeoue eiieo?aioia a
oiaiee i?iaeaaaoue, ?oeiaiaeeoue, noeioee?iaaoue, caeeth/aoue naeaeee.»
(O. Iaeeae. Aeaeiaay no?aoaaey: Eiioeaioeey, niaea?aeaiea neiaieu), –
Ooa: Aeaaeaiey iaiaaeaeiaioa, – I.: «Yeiiiieea» 1993a. – 367n.
Iicae??aa ?. A. Oeuee/ei E. E. «Ia?eaoeia»: eae iiaaaeaeaoue ia ?uiea. –
I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1991a. – 303n.
«Nia?aiaiiue ia?eaoeia» (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae O?ooeeiai A. A.) – I., Oeianu
e noaoenoeea, 1991a. –256n.
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Ia?eaoeiaiaua
enneaaeiaaiey
Ia?eaoeiaiaay eioi?iaoeey
N?aaea
ia?eaoeiaa
?icie/iue ?uiie
Iioiaue ?uiie
Iiceoeeiie?iaaiea ?uiea
Eco/aiea ni?ina
Naaiaioe?iaaiea ?uiea
Ioai? oeaeaauo naaiaioia
?ac?aaioea oiaa?ia
Oeaiiia?aciaaiea
Nenoaia ?ani?ino?aiaiey oiaa?ia
Eiiieaen noeioee?iaaiey
Nenoaia ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee
Nenoaia ieaie?iaaiey
Nenoaia ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?iey
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a
I?iieeiiaaiea ?acaeoea ?uiea
ia ?uiie
?ac?aaioea oiaa?a Aeeaa?neoeeaoeey
NOA?UE
OIAA?
IIAUE
Iaicia/aiea Ia?eaoeiaiaay
no?aoaae/aneiai no?aoaaey:
oicyenoaaiiiai Eioaineoeeaoeey
iiae?acaeaeaiey: ia?eaoeiaiauo
oneeee eee
« O?oaeiue ?aaaiie» ooiae
(«aii?ineoaeueiue n ?uiea
ciae»)
Iaicia/aiea Ia?eaoeiaiaay
no?aoaae/aneiai no?aoaaey:
oicyenoaaiiiai Eioaineoeeaoeey
iiae?acaeaeaiey: ia?eaoeiaiauo
oneeee aeey
iiaeaea?aeaiey eee
oaaee/aiey aeiee
«Caacaea» ia ?uiea
Iaicia/aiea Ia?eaoeiaiaay
no?aoaae/aneiai no?aoaaey:
oicyenoaaiiiai Eniieueciaaiea
iiae?acaeaeaiey: i?eauee aeey
iiiiue ?anoouei
«Aeieiay no?aoaae/aneei
ei?iaa» oicyenoaaiiui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi,
iiaeaea?aeaiey
nouanoaothuaai
iieiaeaiey
Iaicia/aiea Ia?eaoeiaiaay
no?aoaae/aneiai no?aoaaey:
oicyenoaaiiiai
iiae?acaeaeaiey: Oiaiueoaiea
oneeee eee
«Niaaea» i?iaeaaea
Aunieea
Ieceea
Oaiiu
?inoa
io?anee
Iauaa nia?aiea
Iaaethaeaoaeueiue niaao
I?aaenaaeaoaeue i?aaeaiey
i?aaeaiea
Aaeieieno?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiue ioaeae
Neoaeaa ioaeaea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-aaoa?eia?iiai eiio?iey
Aeaaiue eiaeaia?
Aeaaiue iaoaiee
Neoaeaa ii eiio?ieueii-ecia?eoaeue-iui
i?eai?ai e aaoiiaoeee
?aiiioii-iaoeie/aneee oeao
Aeaaiue yia?aaoee
Yia?aineoaeaa
Eiaeaia? ii io?aia o?oaea
Ioaeae eaae?ia
Ia/aeueiee no?ieoeaoa
Aeaaiue aooaaeoa?
Cai. aee?aeoi?a
ii yeiiiieea
Cai. i?aaenaaeaoaey i?aaeaiey ii eiiia?/aneei aii?inai
Ioaeae o?oaea e
ca?ieaou
Aooo/ao e oeiainiaay aeayoaeueiinoue
Neoaeaa aeaaiiai iaoaieea
Ioaeae ii iaania/aieth i?iecaiaenoaa nu?ueai, iaoa?eaeii
Ieaiiai-
oeiainiaue ioaeae
Ioaeae nauoa
Ia/aeueiee eieaaniiai oeaoa
Ia/aeueiee ioaeaea i?iecaiaenoaaiii- aaoa?eia?iiai eiio?iey
Ianoa? o/anoea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee
Eioi?iaoeeiiii-au/eneeoaeueiue oeaio?
No. ianoa? oieiaeeeueieea
Eaai?aoi?ey ioaeaea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-aaoa?eia?iiai eiio?iey
Oe?iaiiay oi?aiaey
Ianoa? o/anoea aee?ia e oaooaa?eeaoia
Noieiaay
Aa?aae
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