Iino?iaiea i?aaiecaoeee.
AUAI? NO?OEOO?U
A i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeeo aeaeaae?iaaiea i?aa e iaycaiiinoae
aeey i?aaiecaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey ?acee/iuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e
?ani?aaeaeaiey caaea/, ?aoaaiuo ?acee/iuie ?aaioieeaie. ?oeiaiaeeoaee
aeieaeiu ia?aaeaaaoue nio?oaeieeai naie i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe, eia/a
o?aaoaiay ?aaioa i?inoi ia aoaeao auiieiaia. Iiyoiio i?aaiecaoeey ?aaio
– yoi ooieoeey, eioi?oth aeieaeiu inouanoaeyoue ana ?oeiaiaeeoaee –
iacaaeneii io eo ?aiaa. Iaeiaei, oioy niune yoie eiioeaioeee ninoieo a
aeaeaae?iaaiee i?aa e iaycaiiinoae aeey ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea ii
ai?eciioaee e aa?oeeaee, ?aoaiea i auai?a no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee a
oeaeii ii/oe anaaaea i?eieiaaony ?oeiaiaenoaii aunoaai caaia.
?oeiaiaeeoaee ieciaiai e n?aaeiaai caaiueaa eeoue iiiiaatho aio,
i?aaeinoaaeyy iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth, a a aieaa e?oiiuo
i?aaiecaoeeyo e i?aaeeaaay no?oeoo?o iiae/eiaiiuo ei iiae?acaeaeaiee,
niioaaonoaothuoth iauae no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee, aua?aiiie aunoei
?oeiaiaenoaii.
A oe?ieii niunea caaea/a iaiaaeaea?ia i?e yoii ninoieo a oii, /oiau
aua?aoue oo no?oeoo?o, eioi?ay eo/oa anaai ioaa/aao oeaeyi e caaea/ai
i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea aicaeaenoaothuei ia iaa aioo?aiiei e aiaoiei
oaeoi?ai. «Iaeeo/oay» no?oeoo?a – yoi oa, eioi?ay iaeeo/oei ia?acii
iicaieyao i?aaiecaoeee yooaeoeaii acae-iiaeaenoaiaaoue n aiaoiae
n?aaeie, i?iaeoeoeaii e oeaeaniia?acii ?ani?aaeaeyoue e iai?aaeyoue
oneeey naieo nio?oaeieeia e, oaeei ia?acii, oaeiaeaoai?youe iio?aaiinoe
eeeaioia e aeinoeaaoue naieo oeaeae n aunieie yooaeoeaiinoueth.
IEAIE?IAAIEA E I?AAIECAOeEIIIIA I?IAEOE?IAAIEA.
Iineieueeo oeaeue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u ninoieo a oii, /oiau
iaania/eoue aeinoeaeaiea noiyueo ia?aae i?aaiecaoeeae caaea/,
i?iaeoe?iaaiea no?oeoo?u aeieaeii aace?iaaoueny ia no?aoaae/aneeo ieaiao
i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeioi?ua aaoi?u, oaeoe/anee, n/eoatho, /oi auai? iauae
no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee – yoi ?aoaiea, ioiinyuaany e no?aoaae/aneiio
ieaie?iaaieth, iineieueeo iii ii?aaeaeyao oi, eae i?aaiecaoeey aoaeao
iai?aaeyoue oneeey ia aeinoeaeaiea naieo iniiaiuo oeaeae. Iaeiaei, n
iaoae oi/ee c?aiey i?aaiecaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe – yoi eiay, ioee/iay
ooieoeey. Ii iaoaio iiaieth, iia iniiauaaaony ia no?aoaaee i?aaiecaoeee,
ii ia yaeyaony naiie no?aoaaeae.
Yoio iiaeoiae aue i?aaeeiaeai Aeueo?aaeii *aiaeea?ii. Ii
i?iaiaeece?iaae, eae ia i?ioyaeaiee ?yaea eao eciaiyeenue
i?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u oaeeo oe?i, eae «Aeth-iii», «Aeaeaia?ae
Iioi?n», «Noyiaea?o Iee io Iueth-Aeaea?ne» e «Ne?n». Iaaethaeay ca oai,
eae yoe eciaiaiey niioiineeenue n eciaiaieyie no?aoaaee e oeaeae
i?aaiecaoeee, *aiaeea? noi?ioee?iaae naie noaaoee ciaiaieoui i?eioeei:
«No?aoaaey ii?aaeaeyao no?oeoo?o»1. Yoi icia/aao, /oi no?oeoo?a
i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeia auoue oaeie, /oiau iaania/eoue ?aaeecaoeeth aa
no?aoaaee. Iineieueeo n oa/aieai a?aiaie no?aoaaee ia-iythony, oi iiaoo
iiiaaeiaeoueny niioaaonoaothuea eciaiaiey e a i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo?ao.
1 YOAIU I?AAIECAOeEIIIIAI I?IAEOE?IAAIEss. Ii?yaeie, a eioi?ii iu
?aiaa i?aaenoaaeyee yeaiaiou eiioeaioeee oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaiecaoeee,
iiaeao aaanoe /eoaoaeae a caaeoaeaeaiea. Iao aiaeec oae io oi?ioee?iaee
caaea/ e acaeiiioiioaieyi aeanoe e, iaeiiaoe, e iauae no?oeoo?a
i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi iiaei i?eaanoe e iunee, /oi no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee
au?aaaouaaaony nieco aaa?o: nia/aea i?i?aaaouaathony caaea/e, a iauay
no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee – a naiii eiioea. Iaeiaei aeaei ianoieo eae
?ac iaiai?io. Niaeanii eeanne/aneie oai?ee i?aaiecaoeee, n
auaiaeaie eioi?ie ii aeaiiiio aii?ino niaeanii aieueoeinoai
iaiaaeaea?ia, no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeia ?ac?aaaouaaoueny
naa?oo aiec. Iao ie/aai oaeeaeoaeueiiai, /oi
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ?ac?aaioee i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u noiaea n
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth yeaiaioia i?ioeanna ieaie?iaaiey. Aia/aea
?oeiaiaeeoaee aeieaeiu inouanoaeoue ?acaeaeaiea i?aaiecaoeee ia oe?ieea
noa? caoai iinoaaeoue eiie?aoiua caaea/e – iiaeiaii oiio,
eae a ieaie?iaaiee nia/aea oi?ioee?othony iauea caaea/e, – a iioii
ninoaaeoue eiie?aoiua i?aaeea.
Oaeei ia?acii, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee neaaeothuay:
1. Inouanoaeoa aeaeaiea i?aaiecaoeee ii ai?eciioaee ia oe?ieea aeiee,
niioaao-noaothuea aaaeiaeoei iai?aaeaieyi aeayoaeueiinoe ii ?aaeecaoeee
no?aoaaee. ?aoeoa, eaeea aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe aeieaeiu auiieiyoueny
eeiaeiuie iiae?acaeaea-ieyie, a eaeea – ooaaiuie.
2. Onoaiiaeoa niioiioaiey iieiiii/ee ?acee/iuo aeieaeiinoae. I?e yoii
?oeiaiaenoai onoaiaaeeaaao oeaeue eiiaiae, anee iaiaoiaeeii, i?iecaiaeeo
aeaeueiaeoaa aeaeaiea ia aieaa iaeeea i?aaiecaoeeiiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey,
/oiau aieaa yooae-oeaii eniieueciaaoue niaoeeaeecaoeeth e ecaaaeaoue
ia?aa?ocee ?oeiaiaenoaa.
3. Ii?aaeaeeoa aeieaeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe eae niaieoiiinoue ii?aaeaeaiiuo
caaea/ e ooieoeee e ii?o/eoa eo auiieiaiea eiie?aoiui eeoeai. A
i?aaiecaoeeyo, aeay-oaeueiinoue eioi?uo a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a naycaia n
oaoiieiaeae, ?oeiaiaenoai ?ac?aaaouaaao aeaaea eiie?aoiua caaea/e e
cae?aieyao eo ca iaiin?aaenoaaiiuie eniieieoaeyie, eioi?ua e ianoo
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca eo oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia auiieiaiea.
Aaaeii iiiyoue, /oi iiyaeaoayny a eoiaa ?ac?aaioee i?aaiecaoeeiiiay
no?oeoo?a – yoi ia canouaoay oi?ia, iiaeiaiay ea?eano caeaiey.
Iineieueeo i?aaiecaoeeii-iua no?oeoo?u iniiauaathony ia ieaiao, oi
nouanoaaiiua eciaiaiey a ieaiao iiaoo iio?aaiaaoue niioaaonoaothueo
eciaiaiee a no?oeoo?a. E a naiii aeaea, a aeaenoaoth-ueo i?aaiecaoeeyo e
i?ioeanno eciaiaiey i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u neaaeoao ioiineoueny eae
e ?ai?aaiecaoeee, o. e. yoio i?ioeann, eae e ana ooieoeee i?aaiecaoeee,
aaneiia/ai. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy oniaoii ooieoeeiie?othuea i?aaiecaoeee
?aaoey?ii ioeaieaatho noaiaiue aaeaeaaoiinoe naieo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo? e eciaiytho eo oae, eae yoiai o?aaotho aiaoiea oneiaey.
O?aaiaaiey aiaoiae n?aaeu, a naith i/a?aaeue, ii?aaeaeythony a oiaea
ieaie?iaaiey e eiio?iey. Ii/oe a eaaeaeii iiia?a aeo?iaea «Aecian Oee»
niiauaaony i e?oiiie ?ai?aaiecaoeee, i?ioiaeyuae a oie eee eiie
nieeaeiie oe?ia.
Aeaeaa a yoie aeaaa iienaiu aeueoa?iaoeaiua aa?eaiou i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo?, oniaoii ca?aeiiaiaeiaaaoea naay e ianoiyuaio iiiaioo. Eae iu
oaeaeei iicaeiaa, eaaeaeue ec ieo aiaeeony oieueei aeey ii?aaeaeaiiuo
neooaoeee e aeinoeaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo oeaeae. Ii?yaeie
i?aaenoaaeaiey aeueoa?iaoeaiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? i?eaeeceoaeueii
niioaaonoaoao i/a?aaeiinoe eo iiyaeaiey. Iiyoiio ia/iai n
ath?ie?aoe/aneie no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey ia?aie nenoaiaoe/anee
?ac?aaioaiiie iiaeaeueth i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, inoathuaeny aua
iiea aa iniiaiie e aeiieie?othuae oi?iie.
Ath?ie?aoey. Neiai «ath?ie?aoey» iau/ii aucuaaao a iaiyoe ea?oeiu
eaioeaey?neie aieieeou, ieioie ?aaiou, aaniieaciie aeayoaeueiinoe,
iiiai/aniauo iaeeaeaiee aeey iieo/aiey ni?aaie e oi?i, eioi?ua oaea
ioiaiaiu, e iiiuoie ai?ueau n ioieoeeiaeeoaoii. Ana yoi aeaenoaeoaeueii
auaaao. Iaeiaei ia?aii?e/eiie anao yoeo iaaaoeaiuo yaeaiee yaeyaony ia
ath?ie?aoey eae oaeiaay, a iaaeinoaoee a ?aaeecaoeee i?aaee ?aaiou e
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee, iau/iua o?oaeiinoe, naycaiiua n ?acia?ii
i?aaiecaoeee, iiaaaeaieai nio?oaeieeia, ianiioaaonoaothuei i?aaeeai e
caaea/ai i?aaiecaoeee. Eiioeaioeey ath?ie?aoee, ia?aiia/aeueii
noi?ioee?iaaiiay a ia/aea 1900-o aiaeia iaiaoeeei nioeeieiaii Iaenii
Aaaa?ii, ii e?aeiae ia?a, a eaeaaea, – yoi iaeia ec iaeaieaa iieaciuo
eaeae a enoi?ee /aeiaa/anoaa.
Oai?ey Aaaa?a ia niaea?aeaea iienaiee eiie?aoiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Aaaa?
i?aaeeaaae ath?ie?aoeth nei?aa eae iaeoth ii?iaoeaioth iiaeaeue, eaeaae,
e aeinoeaeaieth eioi?iai i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeiu no?aieoueny. Yoi ynii ec
oaae. 12. 1., aaea a naiaeiii aeaea i?eaaaea-iu oa?aeoa?enoeee nenoaiu,
iacuaaaiie Aaaa?ii ?aoeeiiaeueiie ath?ie?aoeae.1. *aoeia ?acaeaeaiea
o?oaea, /oi i?eaiaeeo e iiyaeaieth aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoia a eaaeaeie aeieaeiinoe.
2. Ea?a?oe/iinoue o?iaiae oi?aaeaiey, i?e eioi?ie eaaeaeue ieaeanoiyuee
o?iaaiue eiio?iee?oaony auoanoi-yuei e iiae/eiyaony aio.
3. Iaee/ea acaeiioaycaiiie nenoaiu iaiauaiiuo oi?iaeueiuo i?aaee e
noaiaea?oia, iaania/eaathuae iaeii-| ?iaeiinoue auiieiaiey nio?oaeieeaie
naieo iaycaiiinoae e neii?aeeie?iaaiiinoue ?acee/iuo caaea/.
4. Aeoo oi?iaeueiie iaacee/aiiinoe, n eioi?ui ioeoeeaeueiua eeoea
auiieiytho naie aeieaeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe.
5. Inouanoaeaiea iaeia ia ?aaioo a no?iaii niioaaonoaee n oaoie/aneeie
eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiuie o?aaiaaiey-ie. Caueuaiiinoue neoaeaueo io
i?iecaieueiuo oaieueiaiee.
Oaeei ia?acii, ATH?IE?AOE*ANEAss I?AAIECAOeEIIIAss NO?OEOO?A
oa?aeoa?ecoaony aunieie noaiaiueth ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea, ?acaeoie
ea?a?oeae oi?aaea-iey, oeaiueth eiiaiae, iaee/eai iiiai/eneaiiuo i?aaee
e ii?i iiaaaeaiey ia?niiaea, e iiaeai?ii eaae?ia ii eo aeaeiaui e
i?ioanneiiaeueiui ea/anoaai. Aaaa? iacuaae oaeoth no?oeoo?o
«?aoeeiiaeueiie», iineieueeo i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi ?aoaiey, i?eiy-oua
ath?ie?aoeae, eiatho iauaeoeaiue oa?aeoa?. Aaaa? iieaaae, /oi ee/iua
i?eoioe nianoaaiieeia i?aaiecaoeee e aa nio?oaeieeia ia aeieaeiu
aoiaeeoue a i?ioeai?a/ea n oeaeyie i?aaiecaoeee. (Yoe eaeae aaniethoii
ia niaiaaeaee n i?aeoeeie ?aaiou aieueoeinoaa i?aaiecaoeee aei 1900 a.).
Anee iienaiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie ath?ie?aoee. iieaaeaony. /eoaoaeth
ciaeiiui., oi yoi iauyniyaony oai, /oi i?aeoe/anee ana, oi iu aiai?eee
ia no?aieoeao yoie eieae ia i?aaiecaoeeyo e ia oi?aaeaiee eie a iniiaiii
eanaeinue eiaiii ?aoeeiiaeueiuo ath?ie?aoe/aneeo no?oeoo?. Ath?ie?aoeth
/anoi iacuaatho oaeaea eeanne/aneie eee o?aaeeoeeiiiie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?ie. Aieueoeinoai nia?aiaiiuo i?aaieca-oeee i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
aa?eaiou ath?ie?aoee. I?e/eia noieue aeeeoaeueiiai e oe?i-eiianooaaiiai
eniieueciaaiey ath?ie?aoe/aneie no?oeoo?u ninoieo a oii, /oi aa
oa?aeoa?enoeee aua aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi iiaeoiaeyo aeey aieueoeinoaa
i?iiuoeaiiuo oe?i, i?aaiecaoeee noa?u oneoa e anao aeaeia
ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee. Iauae-) oeaiinoue i?eieiaaiuo ?aoaiee
iicaieyao yooaeoeaii oi?aaeyaiie ath?ie?aoee aaeaioe?iaaoueny e
i?ienoiaeyuei eciaiaieyi. I?iaeaeaeaiea nio?oaeieeia ia iniiaa eo
eiiiaoaioiinoe iicaieyao iaania/eaaoue iinoiyiiue i?eoie a oaeoth
i?aaieca-oeeth aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo e oaeaioeeauo oaoie/aneeo
niaoeeaeenoia e aaeie-ieno?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia.
Eiioeaioeey nioeeaeueiiai ?aaainoaa, caeiaeaiiay a ath?ie?aoe/aneie
no?oeoo?a, i/aiue oi?ioi niaiaaeaao n nenoaiaie oeaiiinoae eae
aeaiie?aoe/aneeo, oae e eiiio- ienoe/aneeo no?ai. Ainoaea?noaaiiay
neoaeaa a NOA, iai?eia?, yaeyaony ath?ie?a-oeae, nicaeaiiie
ia?aiia/aeueii aeey oiai, /oiau iaocaeaoue iieeoe/aneee iao?iiaae e
i?aia?aciaaoue i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua i?aaiu a niioaaonoaee n eaeaaeaie
ath?ie?aoe/a-neie nenoaiu. Ei?i/a aiai?y, eae ioiaoee aeaeiue
niaoeeaeeno a oai?ee oi?aaeaiey Aeaeii *aeeae: «Aiaeec ath?ie?aoe/aneeo
no?oeoo?, i?iaaaeaiiue Iaenii Aaaa?ii, i?iaeieaeaao inoaaaoueny
oieeaeueiui e iaeaieaa cia/eoaeueiui iienaieai nouiinoe nia?aiaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee». Iaeiaei, eae aoaeao iieacaii ieaea, ath?ie?aoe/aneea
no?oeoo?u iiaeaa?aaeenue e e?eoeea ca eo ianiiniaiinoue e aiaae?aieth
iiaoanoa e ionoonoaea aeinoaoi/iie iioeaaoeee nio?oaeieeia.
IO?EOeAOAEUeIUA OA?AEOA?ENOEEE ATH?IE?AOEE. Oioy ath?ie?aoey
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiioth iiaeaeue oi?ie?iaaiey
i?aaiecaoeee, iia iiaeaa?aeanue nouanoaaiiie e?eoeea. Iaeii ec
aaaeiaeoeo e?eoe/aneeo caia/aiee auei noi?ioee?iaaii nioeeieiaii ?. E.
Ia?oiiii. Ii aai iiaieth, o?oaeiinoe, aicieeathuea a ath?ie?aoe/aneeo
no?oeoo?ao, naycaiu n i?aoaaee/aieai cia/eiinoe noaiaea?oece?iaaiiuo
i?aaee, i?ioeaaeo? e ii?i, iaania/eaathueo iaaeeaaeauaa au-iieiaiea
nio?oaeieeaie naieo caaea/, auiieiaiea cai?inia ae?oaeo iiae?acaeaeaiee
[ yoie i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea acaeiiaeaenoaea n eeeaioaie e
iauanoaaiiinoueth. Yoi | i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi i?aaiecaoeey oo?a/eaaao
aeaeinoue iiaaaeaiey, iineieueeo ana aicieeathuea caeanue aii?inu e
i?iaeaiu ?aoathony oieueei enoiaey ec i?aoeaaeaioia. Iinoaiaiii
ouaoaeueiue iiene aeueoa?iaoea ia/eiaao nie?auaoueny. Eeeaiou e
iaua-noaaiiinoue iiaoo iuouaoue iaaaeaeaaoiinoue ?aaeoeee ia eo
iio?aaiinoe, iineieueeo ana eo i?iaeaiu aoaeoo ?aoaoueny a niioaaonoaee
n onoaiiaeaiiuie i?aaeeaie, i?ioeaaeo-?aie e ii?iaie. Anee nio?oaeieeai
ath?ie?aoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee oeacuaatho ia iaaaeaeaaoiinoue eo
aeaenoaee, iie, caueuaynue, nnueathony ia niioaaonoaothuaa i?aaeei eee
eino?oeoeeth. Yoi, a naith i/a?aaeue, eaaei iiaeao enii?oeoue
acaeiiioiioaiey n eeeaioaie eee iauanoaaiiinoueth. Iaeiaei ath?ie?ao ia
iiaeao auoue iaeacai, iioiio /oi n ioeoeeaeueiie oi/ee c?aiey naiae
i?aaiecaoeee ii eee iia aeaenoaotho i?aaeeueii.
Oaeia aea ionoonoaea aeaeinoe iiaeao aicieeaoue e ai acaeiiioiioaieyo
nio?oaeieeia aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee. No?iaia niaethaeaiea onoaiiaeaiiuo
i?aaee iiaeao ii-?iaeaeaoue iiaua i?iaeaiu a oiaea acaeiiaeaenoaey,
iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae e eii?aeeiaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe ?acee/iuo /anoae
i?aaiecaoeee. Aua iaeiei iaaaoeaiui naienoaii ath?ie?aoe/aneeo no?oeoo?,
ii iiaieth Eaooea e Eaia, yaeyaony «ionoono-aea niiniaiinoe niiioaiii e
ii-iiaiio ?aaae?iaaoue ia ie?oaeathuea oneiaey, /oi nouanoaaiii
iaiaoiaeeii aeey yooaeoeaiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaiecaoeee». Ii/oe
eneeth/eoaeueiue oii? ia no?iaia niaethaeaiea i?aaee aaaeao e iaaeaeinoe
e iieiiio ia?ooaieth niiniaiinoe i?aaiecaoeee ii?iaeaeaoue e aaiaeeoue
iiaua yeaiaiou a i?ioeann naiae aeayoaeueiinoe. Ieaea iu oaeaeei, /oi oa
i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua aeieaeiu ii-iiaiio ?aaae?iaaoue ia auno?ua
eciaiaiey oneiaee ?uiea e oaoiieiaee, caiacaeuaaee e aeaenoaiaaee ia
noieue yooaeoeaii, anee auee i?aaieciaaiu ii oeio ath?ie?aoee. Aeaeaa iu
?anniio?ei aaeaioeaiua no?oeoo?u, eioi?ua auee ?ac?aaioaiu aeey
?anoe?aiey aiciiaeiinoae i?aaiecaoeee ?aaae?iaaoue ia i?ienoiaeyuea
eciaiaiey e aaiaeeoue iiaoanoaa.
AeAIA?OAIAIOAEECAOeEss
Ath?ie?aoe/aneay iiaeaeue oi?aaeaiey eiaao naie iieiaeeoaeueiua
naienoaa, ii aa iaeuecy i?eiaiyoue aac aeaoaeueiie i?i?aaioee e
niaa?oainoaiaaiey anao ninoaaeythueo aa yeaiaioia. Oioy ?acee/iua
i?aaiecaoeee e eiatho iiiai iauaai, ai iiiaeo aaaeiuo oa?aeoa?enoeeao
iie nouanoaaiii ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa. I/aaeaeii, /oi i?e
i?iaeoe?iaaiee i?aaiecaoeee iaiaoiaeeii i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea ana yoe
ioee /ey. Oae, iai?eia?, i?aaiecaoeee auaatho aieueoeie e iaeuie.
Auaaao, /oi a e?oiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo aeayoaeueiinoue a iniiaiii
nin?aaeioi/aia a iaeiie iaeanoe: «Ae Ae Yi» (ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee),
«IaeAeiiaeaen» (?anoi?aiu auno?iai ianeoaeeaaiey) e o. ae Ae?oaea
e?oiiua i?aaiecaoeee oeia «Aaeo yiae Oynoa?i» – yoi eiiaeiia?aou, aaea
ii:
e?uoae aaeeiie ei?ii?aoeee ooieoeeiie?otho ?acee/iua oe?iu,
caieiathueany ee iieiaeono?eae, ecaeaoaeueneei aeaeii, ainoeie/iui
aecianii e o. ae. Iaeioi?ua i?aaie-caoeee, eae, iai?eia? oaaea?aeueiay
naoue oieaa?naeueiuo iaaaceiia e ei?ii?aoeey «E?aenea?» ?aaioatho
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoe oe?ieeo nei-aa
ianaeaiey. Ae?oaea aea i?aaiecaoeee («Eiioaeia? Ei?ii?aeoi io Aia?eea»,
«Ai-eia»), iai?ioea, eiatho aeaei a iniiaiii, oieueei n ae?oaeie
e?oiiuie oe?iaie. Iaeioi?ua e?oiiua i?aaiecaoeee aeaenoaotho oieueei a
ia?aie/aiiuo aaia?aoe/aneeo ?aaeiiao (ioieoeeiaeueiay neoaeaa ai?iaea
Iueth-Ei?ea), a ae?oaea («Ae Oe Oe», «Ye-nii», «Eiea-Eiea») aeaenoaotho
ii/oe ai anao no?aiao ie?a. Iaeioi?ua e?oiiua i?aaiecaoeee, oaeea eae
«Oaee Iee», «Aeaeaia?ae Iioi?n» e i?aaeoaeuenoaa i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo
no?ai, aeaenoaotho ii/oe ai anao ia?a/eneaiiuo iai?aaeaieyo
iaeiia?aiaiii.Aeey oiai, /oiau o/anoue e io?aceoue ana yoe ?acee/ey a
caaea/ao, no?aoaae/aneeo e iia?aoeaiuo ieaiao i?aaiecaoeee,
?oeiaiaeeoaee eniieuecotho ?acee/iua nenoaiu aeaia?oaiaioaeecaoeee. Yoi
iiiyoea icia/aao i?ioeann aeaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee ia ioaeaeueiua aeiee,
eioi?ua iiaoo iacuaaoueny ioaeaeaie, ioaeaeaieyie eee naeoi?aie. Ieaea
iu i?eaaaeai iaeaieaa oe?iei eniieuecoaiua nenoaiu
aeaia?oaiaioaeecaoeee. Ia/iai n ooieoeeiiaeueiie no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee
ia?aiia/aeueiiai e i?inoaeoaai aa?eaioa ath?ie?aoe/aneie iiaeaee.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiay Ooieoeeiiaeueioth i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o
eiiaaea iacuaatho i?aaiecaoeeiiiay o?aaeeoeeiiiie eee eeanne/aneie,
iineieueeo iia auea ia?aie no?oeoo?ie, no?oeoo?a iiaeaa?aoaeny eco/aieth
e ?ac?aaioea. Ooieoeeiiaeueiay noaia i?aaiecaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe
ii-i?aaeiaio oe?iei eniieuecoaony a eiiiaieyo n?aaeiaai ?acia?a.
OOIEOeEIIAEUeIAss AeAIA?OAIAIOAEECAOeEss – yoi i?ioeann aeaeaiey
i?aaiecaoeee ia ioaeaeueiua yeaiaiou, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo eiaao naith
/aoei ii?aaeaeaiioth, eiie?aoioth caaea/o e iaycaiiinoe. A i?eioeeia
nicaeaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiie no?oeoo?u naiaeeony e a?oiie?iaea ia?niiaea
ii oai oe?ieei caaea/ai, eioi?ua iie auiieiytho. Eiie?aoiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee e /a?ou aeayoaeueiinoe oiai eee eiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey
niioaaonoaotho iaeaieaa aaaeiui iai?aaeaieyi aeay-oaeueiinoe anae
i?aaiecaoeee. Iineieueeo i?e ooieoeeiiaeueiie aeaia?oaiaioaeecaoeee
i?aaiecaoeey aeaeeony ia aeiee, eiathuea /aoei i/a?/aiiua caaea/e, oi a
eiiiaieyo ia?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe yoi – ?acaeaeaiea ii
oaoiieiaeyi ianniaiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
O?aaeeoeeiiiua ooieoeeiiaeueiua aeiee eiiiaiee – yoi ioaeaeu
i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?eaoeiaa e oeiainia. Yoi – oe?ieea iaeanoe
aeayoaeueiinoe eee ooieoeee, eioi?ua eiathony a eaaeaeie eiiiaiee aeey
iaania/aiey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeiaei, eiie?aoiua
iacaaiey oaeeo ioaeaeia iiaoo aa?uee?iaaoue, e o?aaeeoeeiiiua
iaicia/aiey ia aeatho oi/iiai iienaiey aaaeiaeoeo ooieoeee iaeioi?uo
iai?aaeaiee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iniaaiii a noa?a
oneoa. Oae, iai?eia?, a?aaeaeaineay aaeaoeey -“yoi noa?a oneoa, a
eioi?ie ie/aai ia i?iecaiaeeony. Iiyoiio a aaeaeiiiaiee ooieoeeiiaeueiua
ioaeaeu iau/ii iacuaathony ioaeaeaie yenieoaoaoeee, nauoa e oeiainia. A
i?aaiecaoeeyo, ia naycaiiuo n aecianii, iacaaiey ooieoee-iiaeueiuo
ioaeaeia, iiaeaeoe, aeaaea aua ?aciiia?aciaa. A a?iee, iai?eia?, anoue
iaoioiua, a?oeeea?eeneea e a?iiaoaieiaua iiae?acaeaeaiey. A aieueieoeao
anoue aaeieieno?aoeaiua e ea/aaiua ioaeaeu.
Anee ?acia? anae i?aaiecaoeee eee aeaiiiai ioaeaea aaeee, oi iniiaiua
ooieoeei-iaeueiua ioaeaeu iiaeii a naith i/a?aaeue iiae?acaeaeeoue ia
aieaa iaeeea ooieoeeiiaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey. Iie iacuaathony
aoi?e/iuie eee i?iecaiaeiuie. Anee i?iaeieaeeoue iao i?eia? n
aaeaeiiiaieae, oi a aa yenieoaoaoeeiiiii ioaeaea iiaeii auaeaeeoue oaeea
aoi?e/iua iiae?acaeaeaiey eae eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneoth neoaeao,
oaoianeoaeeaaiea, iacaiioth neoaeao e eaoioth neoaeao. Iniiaiay eaeay
caeanue ninoieo a oii, /oiau iaeneiaeueii eniieueciaaoue i?aeiouanoaa
niaoeeaeecaoeee e ia aeiioneaoue ia?aa?ocee ?oeiaiaenoaa. I?e yoii
iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaoue ecaanoioth inoi?iaeiinoue n oai, /oiau oaeie
ioaeae (eee iiae?acaeaeaiea) ia noaaeee au naie nianoaaiiua oeaee auoa
iaueo oeaeae anae i?aaiecaoeee.
Eaeay aoi?e/iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?eiaieia e ethaie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?a. Ia ?en. 12. 1. iieacaia no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee,
ooieoeeiiaeueiua ioaeaeu eioi?ie ?acaeou ia aoi?e/iua iiae?acaeaeaiey.
I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee ooieoeeiiaeueiie no?oeoo?u iieacaiu a oaae.
12. 2. Eiathueeny iiuo aiai?eo i oii, /oi ooieoeeiiaeueioth no?oeoo?o
oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue a oao i?aaiecaoeeyo, eioi?ua auioneatho
ioiineoaeueii ia?aie/aiioth iiiaieeaoo?o i?iaeoeoeee, aeaenoaotho a
noaaeeueiuo aiaoieo oneiaeyo e aeey iaania-/aiey naiaai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey o?aaotho ?aoaiey noaiaea?oiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo caaea/.
I?eia?aie oaeiai ?iaea iiaoo neoaeeoue oe?iu, aeaenoaothuea a
iaoaeeo?ae/aneie e ?aceiioaoie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a oaeaea a io?aneyo
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?iecaiaeyueo nu?ueaaua iaoa?eaeu. Ooieoeeiiaeueiay
no?oeoo?a ia iiaeoiaeeo aeeyi?aaiecaoeee n oe?ieie iiiaieeaoo?ie
i?iaeoeoeee, aeaenoaothueo a n?aaea n auno?i iaiythueieny
iio?aaeoaeueneeie e oaoiieiae/aneeie iio?aaiinoyie, a oaeaea aeey
i?aaiecaoeee, inouanoaeythueo naith aeayoaeueiinoue a oe?ieeo
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ian-ooaaao, iaeiia?aiaiii ia ianeieueeeo ?uieao a
no?aiao n ?acee/iuie nioeeaeueii-yei-iiie/aneeie nenoaiaie e
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. Aeey i?aaiecaoeee oaeiai oeia iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuae
aoaeao aeeaeceiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a.
Aeeaeceiiaeueiay Aua a ia/aea aeaaaeoeaoiai noieaoey iaeaieaa
i?iieoeaoaeueiua ?oeiai-no?oeoo?a aeeoaee ei?ii?aoeee oaeaea,
eae Aeueo?aae Neioi-ieaaeoee ec «Aeaeaia-?ae Iioi?n» e aai eieeaae ec
«I?ieoa? yiae Aaiae», «Aethiii» e «Ne?n» iiiyee, /oi o?aaeeoeeiiiay
ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a aieaa ia ioaa/aao eo iio?aa-iinoyi. I?e
aiaeeca ?acia?a, aei eioi?iai aei?inee eee ieaie?iaaee aei?anoe a
aee-aeaeoai aoaeouai yoe i?aaiecaoeee, noaiiaeeinue i/aaeaeiui, /oi
aeaeueiaeoaa eniieueciaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiie noaiu i?aaiecaoeee aoaeao
i?eaiaeeoue e aicieeiiaa-ieth na?ueaciuo i?iaeai. Anee ia?iiiay oe?ia
aoaeao no?aieoueny aoeniooue anth naith aeayoaeueiinoue a o?e eee /aou?a
iniiaiuo ioaeaea, oi aeey oiai, /oiau oiaiueoeoue noa?o eiio?iey
eaaeaeiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey, aei i?eaieaiuo ianooaaia, eaaeaeue oaeie ioaeae
aeieaeai auoue ?acaeo ia nioie iiae?acaeaeaiee. A naith i/a?aaeue yoi
i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi oeaiue eiiaiae noaiiaeony iaaa?iyoii aeeeiiie e
iaoi?aaeyaiie. E?iia oiai, iiiaea ec yoeo e?oiiuo oe?i ?ani?ino?aieee
naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia iaoe?iua aaia?aoe/a-neea ?aaeiiu, oae /oi
iaeiiio ?oeiaiaeeoaeth eaeie-eeai ooieoeeiiaeueiie iaeanoe (iai?eia?,
ia?eaoeiaa) i/aiue o?oaeii aea?aeaoue iiae eiio?ieai anth yoo
aeayoaeueiinoue.
Neooaoeeth oneiaeieea oneeeaoayny aeeaa?neoeeaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe ?yaea
oe?i. A i?aaeuaeoueo noieaoeyo aeaaea i/aiue e?oiiua oe?iu oeia
Inoeiaeneie eiiiaiee caieiaeenue aecianii oieueei a iaeiie eee aeaoo
iaeanoyo. Nia?aiaiiua aea oe?iu i/aiue /anoi aaaeoo iia?aoeee a
niaa?oaiii ?acee/iuo noa?ao aeayoaeueiinoe. A iniaai-iinoe yoi
ni?aaaaeeeai aeey eiiaeiia?aoia oeia «Aaeo yiae Oynoa?i», «Ae Oe Oe»,
«Eeooii Eiaeano?ec».
Aiaeiae/iui ia?acii, iaeioi?ua oe?iu ia/aee i?iecaiaenoai e i?iaeaaeo
oiaa?ia, ?ann/eoaiiuo ia ianeieueei niaa?oaiii ?acee/iuo a?oii
iieoiaoaeae. Oae, iai?eia?, oe?ia «Aethiii» noieeioeanue n
eaoano?ioe/aneei oiaiueoaieai aeioiaeia, eiaaea iinea ieii/aiey ia?aie
ie?iaie aieiu ?acei nie?aoeeny iauai i?iaeaae aii?oaeaiee, ia eioi?ua
iia aeaeaea iniiaioth noaaeo. Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii, /oi oe?ia auei
iaiaoiaeeii ?anoe?eoue aeeaiacii naieo iieoiaoaeae e ioaaoeoue ia
oieueeii?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey, ii e oe?ieea neie ianaeaiey, e
i?iiuoeaiiua oe?iu. A ?yaea io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe aicieeaee e naie,
niaoeeoe/aneea neooa-oeee (iai?eia?, a noaeaeeoaeiie), aaea
ii?aaeaeaiiay oaoiieiaey ea?aea ianoieueei aaaeioth ?ieue, /oi
i?aeoe/anee aie?oa iaa no?ieeanue any aeayoaeueiinoue eiiiaiee.
*oiau ni?aaeoueny n iiauie i?iaeaiaie, iaoneiaeaiiuie ?acia?ii oe?iu,
aeeaa?neoeeaoeeae, oaoiieiaeae e eciaiaieyie aiaoiae n?aaeu,
?oeiaiaenoai yoeo i?aaeoniio?eoaeueiuo oe?i ?ac?aaioaei
aeeaeceiiaeueioth i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie
aeaeaiea i?aaiecaoeee ia yeaiaiou e aeiee i?ienoiaeeo ii aeaeai oiaa?ia
eee oneoa, a?oiiai iieoiaoaeae eee aaia?aoe/aneei ?aaeiiai.
I?IAeOEOIAAss NO?OEOO?A. Iaeei ec iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo niiniaia
?acaeoey oe?i ninoieo a oii, /oi iie oaaee/eaatho anni?oeiaio
i?iecaiaeeiie e ?aaeecoaiie i?iaeoeoeee. Anee oi?aaeaiea yoei i?ioeannii
inouanoaeyaony oniaoii, oi ianeieueei i?iaeoeoiauo eeiee iiaoo
aeinoeaiooue ianoieueei aunieiai iauaia i?iaeaae, /oi naie iiaoo
iio?aaiaaoue nouanoaaiiie no?oeoo?ecaoeee e ieaaeoony ?aoathuei oaeoi?ii
oniaoa i?aaiecaoeee a oeaeii. Eiaiii n yoie i?iaeaiie e noieeioeenue
ieiia?u aeeaeceiiaeueiie no?oeoo?u ec «I?ieoa? yiae Aaiae» e «Aeaeaia?ae
Iioi?n». ?aoaiea auei iaeaeaii i?e iiiiue aeeaeceiiaeueii-i?iaeoeoiaie
no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee, a eioi?ie nicaeaaaeenue ioaeaeaiey ii iniiaiiio
i?iaeoeoo. Eaeay ieacaeanue ianoieueei ieiaeioai?iie, /oi yoa no?oeoo?a
auea auno?i aiaae?aia a «Aeaeaia?ae Iioi?n», «Aeaeaia?ae Ooaen», «Eaaa?
A?aca?n» e «Ei?ieia Aeana». A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aieueoeinoai e?oiiaeoeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeae iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia n aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie
i?iaeoeoeeae eniieuecotho aeeaeceiiaeueii-i?iaeoeoiaoth no?oeoo?o
i?aaiecaoeee.
I?e yoie no?oeoo?a iieiiii/ey ii ?oeiaiaenoao i?iecaiaenoaii e nauoii
eaeiai-eeai i?iaeoeoa eee oneoae ia?aaeathony iaeiiio ?oeiaiaeeoaeth,
eioi?ue (eee eioi?ay) yaeythony ioaaonoaaiiuie ca aeaiiue oei
i?iaeoeoeee. ?oeiaiaeeoaee aoi?e/iuo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo neoaea
(i?iecaiaenoaaiiie, oaoie/aneie e nauoa) aeieaeiu io/eouaaoueny ia?aae
oi?aaeythuei ii yoiio i?iaeoeoo (?en. 12. 2.).
I?iaeoeoiay no?oeoo?a iicaieyao e?oiiie oe?ia oaeaeyoue eiie?aoiiio
i?iaeoeoo noieueei aea aieiaiey, neieueei aio oaeaeyao iaaieueoay oe?ia,
auioneathuay iaeei-aeaa aeaea i?iaeoeoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa ii aeaiiui
enneaaeiaaiey, i?iaaaeaiiiai Aa?aa?aeneei oieaa?neoaoii, oe?iu n
i?iaeoeoiaie no?oeoo?ie aeinoeaatho aieueoeo oniaoia a i?iecaiaenoaa e
?aaeecaoeee iiaie i?iaeoeoeee, /ai oe?iu n ae?oaeie aeaeaie
i?aa-iecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?. Auoue iiaeao yoi i?ienoiaeeo iioiio, /oi a
i?iaeoeoiaie no?oeoo?a i/aiue /aoei ii?aaeaeaii, eoi ioaa/aao ca
iieo/aiea i?eauee: aeey iaa oa?aeoa?ai oniaoiue eiio?ieue cao?ao e
niaethaeaiea a?aoeea ioa?ocie. I?aaiecaoeee
22 – «Iniiau iaiaaeaeiaioa.»
?en. 12. 2. I?iaeoeoiaay no?oeoo?a.
Enoi/iee: H. Koontzand N. O’Donnell, Management: A Systems and
Contingency Analysis of Managerial Functions, 6th ed. (New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1976), p. 311. N ?ac?aoaiey McGraw-Hill Book
Company. Copyright © 1976.
n oaeie no?oeoo?ie niiniaiu oaeaea auno?aa, /ai oe?iu n ooieoeeiiaeueiie
no?oeoo?ie, ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiey oneiaee eiieo?aioeee, oaoiieiaee e
iieoiaoaeueneiai ni?ina. Aua iaeei iieiaeeoaeueiue yooaeo oiai, /oi any
aeayoaeueiinoue ii aeaiiiio i?iaeoeoo iaoiaeeony iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii
iaeiiai /aeiaaea, ninoieo a oeo/oaiee eii?aeeiaoeee ?aaio.
Aiciiaeiue iaaeinoaoie i?iaeoeoiaie no?oeoo?u – oaaee/aiea cao?ao
aneaaenoaea aeoaee?iaaiey iaeieo e oao aea aeaeia ?aaio aeey ?acee/iuo
aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee. A eaaeaeii i?iaeoeoiaii ioaeaeaiee anoue naie
ooieoeeiiaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey, ii, aiciiaeii, ia oaeiai ?acia?a,
/oiau iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaii eniieueciaaoue eiathueany oaoie/aneea
n?aaenoaa e iai?oaeiaaiea. A iniaaiiinoe yoa i?iaeaia anoaao ia caaiaeao
n ianniaui i?iecaiaenoaii e iai?oaeiaaieai, eioi?ia eae i?aaeei, iiaeao
?aaioaoue 24 /ana a nooee.
I?AAIECAOeEIIIAss NO?OEOO?A, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iio?aaeoaey. Iaeioi?ua
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaeyo aieueoie anni?oeiaio oiaa?ia eee oneoa, eioi?ua
ioaa/atho cai?inai ianeieueeeo e?oiiuo a?oii iio?aaeoaeae eee ?uieia.
Eaaeaeay a?oiia eee ?uiie eiaao /aoei ii?aaeaeaiiua eee niaoeeoe/aneea
iio?aaiinoe. Anee aeaa eee aieaa oaeeo eeeaioia noaiiayony iniaaiii
aaaeiuie aeey oe?iu, iia iiaeao eniieueciaaoue I?AAIECAOeEIIIOTH
NO?OEOO?O, I?EAIOE?IAAIIOTH IA IIO?AAEOAEss, i?e eioi?ie ana na
iiae?acaeaeaiey a?oiie?othony aie?oa ii?aaeaeaiiuo a?oii iio?aaeoaeae
(?en. 12. 3.). Oeaeue oaeie no?oeoo?u ninoieo a oii, /oiau
oaeiaeao-ai?eoue yoeo iio?aaeoaeae oae aea oi?ioi, eae e i?aaiecaoeey,
eioi?ay ianeoaeeaaao anaai iaeio eo a?oiio.
Aieueoea ecaeaoaeuenoaa, iai?eia?, eiatho ioaeaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey,
caieiathueany eeoa?aoo?ie aeey ac?ineuo (iauaai /oaiey), thiioaneie
eeoa?aoo?ie, o/aaieeaie aeey aunoae e n?aaeiae oeieu. Eaaeaeia ec yoeo
iiae?acaeaeaiee i?eaioe?oaony ia naiaai iieoiaoaey e aeaenoaoao eae
i?aeoe/anee iacaaeneiay eiiiaiey. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, eaaeaeia ec ieo eiaao
naie ?aaeaeoi?neee ioaeae, ioaeaeu ia?eaoeiaa e oeiainia,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ioaeae. Ae?oaie i?eia? aeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia iio?aaeoaey, – yoi
eiiia?/aneea aaiee. Iniiaiua a?oiiu iieuecothueony eo oneoaaie – yoi
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua eeeaiou (/anoiua eeoea), oe?iu, i?aaiecaoeee
(iaineiiiua oiiaeu eee oieaa?neoaou), o?anoiaua oe?iu,
aaiee-ei??aniiiaeaiou (ae?oaea aaiee), iaaeaeoia?iaeiua oeiainiaua
i?aaiecaoeee. I?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia iieoiaoaey,
a ?aaiie noaiaie oa?aeoa?iu aeey oi?aiauo oe?i, oi?aothueo iioii e a
?icieoeo. «Oa?ooe», «Aaen» e ae?oaea oe?iu ii i?ieaoo aaoiiiaeeae eiatho
niaoeeaeueiua ioaeaeaiey aeey ianeoaeeaaiey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo eeeaioia e
aaoiia?eia.
Eioa?anii, /oi oioy iau/ii no?oeoo?a, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iieoiaoaey,
annioeee?oaony n i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaii, a iineaaeiaa a?aiy aa noaee
eniieueciaaoue e i?aaiecaoeee a noa?a ia?aciaaiey. Nae/an oaea noaei
i?eau/iui, /oi a ieo eiathony ia oieueei o?aaeeoeeiiiua
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiua i?ia?aiiu, ii e niaoeeaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey
iao/aiey ac?ineuo, iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae,
naiiia?aciaaiey e o. ae. Iaeioi?ua yenia?ou n/eoatho, /oi yoe iiaua
a?oiiu «iio?aaeoaeae» ciaiee iiaoo ninoaaeoue iniiaiie enoi/iee
aeioiaeia aunoae oeieu. Iiiaea n/eoatho oaeaea, /oi ethaeyi aoaeao
ai?acaei eo/oa, anee e ainoaea?noaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey oaeaea aoaeoo
aieueoa i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia ioaeaeu naieo eeeaioia.
I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee no?oeoo?u, i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia iieoiaoaey, a
iauai oa aea, /oi e o i?iaeoeoiaie no?oeoo?u, anee o/anoue ?acee/ey,
naycaiiua n ?aciie oeaeaaie ooieoeeae.
?AAEIIAEUeIAss I?AAIECAOeEIIIAss NO?OEOO?A. Anee aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaiecaoeee ioaaouaaao aieueoea aaia?aoe/aneea ciiu, iniaaiii a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ianooaaa, oi iiaeao ieacaoueny oeaeaniia?aciie
NO?OEOO?A I?AAIECAOeEE II OA?-?EOI?EAEUeIIIO I?EIOeEIO, o. a. ii ianoo
?aniieiaeaiey aa iiae?acaeaeaiee (?en. 12. 4.). ?aaeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a
iaeaa/aao ?aoaiea i?iaeai, naycaiiuo n iano-iui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii,
iau/ayie e ioaeaeaie iio?aaeoaeae. Oaeie iiaeoiae oi?iuaao naycue
i?aaiecaoeee n eeeaioaie, a oaeaea naycue iaaeaeo /eaiaie i?aaiecaoeee.
Oi?ioi ciaeiiui i?eia?ii ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? iiaoo
neoaeeoue nauoiaua i?aaiecaoeee e?oiiuo oe?i. N?aaee ieo ca/anooth
iiaeii ano?aoeoue iiae?acaeaeaiey, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo ioaaouaaao
aanueia iaoe?iua aaia?aoe/aneea ciiu (iai?eia?, Ainoi/iia iiaa?aaeuea),
eioi?ua, a naith i/a?aaeue, aeaeyony ia aieaa iaeeea iiae?acaeaeaiey
(iai?eia?, Naaa?i-Ainoie). Oa oiaea iiaeaeaiu ia aua aieaa iaeeea aeiee
(ii ooaoai eee eae-oi eia/a). A iaeioi?uo oe?iao ?aaeiiaeueiay
no?oeoo?ecaoeey iiae?acoiaaaao iaee/ea e i/aiue iaeeeo iiae?acaeaeaiee.
Oae, i?aaenoaaeoaeue oe?iu «Ena?ien» a Iueth-Ei?ea iiaeao ianeoaeeaaoue
anaai eeoue iaeei-aeaa ai?iaeneeo eaa?oaea eee iaeii e?oiiia caeaiea
(iai?eia?, Anaie?iue oi?aiaue oeaio?). Ae?oaea oe?iu (a iniiaiii,
oa?iaoeaaoe/aneea oe?iu e oe?iu ii i?iecaiaenoao oiaeiaee aeey
iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia) ia?acotho a ?aciuo no?aiao niaoeeaeueiua
aei/a?iea eiiiaiee n ooieoeeiiaeueiuie eee eaeeie-eeai ae?oaeie
no?oeoo?aie.
I?eia?ii eniieueciaaiey ?aaeiiaeueiie no?oeoo?u a iaeiiia?/aneie
i?aaiecaoeee iiaeao neoaeeoue Ainoaea?noaaiiue aeaia?oaiaio NOA. Ii
aaaeaao iinieuenoaaie e eiinoeuenoaaie NOA ai anai ie?a. Iiiaea ae?oaea
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey (a iniaaiiinoe oaeea, eae Iaeiaiaay
neoaeaa, eioi?ua iinoiyiii eiatho aeaei nii?e yoii eo nianoaaiiia eeoei.
Iineieueeo i?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ei?ii?aoeee
aanueia neiaeiu aeey aiaeeca, iu ia?aie/einy oieueei e?aoeei iaci?ii eo
iniiaiuo oeiia.
I?aaei?eieiaoaeue, eioi?ue oi/ao aueoe ia ca?oaaaeiua ?uiee n eaeei-eeai
iaeiei eee ianeieueeeie aeaeaie iiaie i?iaeoeoeee, iau/ii aaiaeeo
aeieaeiinoue oi?aaeythuaai ii yenii?oo, eioi?ue iiae/eiyaony
?oeiaiaenoao ioaeaea ia?eaoeiaa.
Eiiiaiee, eioi?ua cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eee iauai i?iaeaae ia ca?oaaaeiuo
?uieao, ia/ioo eco/aoue aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey a niioaaonoaothueo
no?aiao naieo i?iec-aiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae. Iaeiaei aeiey ca?oaaaeiuo
i?iaeaae a iauai iauaia ?aaeecoaiie i?iaeoeoeee iiaeao inoaaaoueny
ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoie. Eae neaaeoao ec ?en. 12. 5., ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
eaaeaeiai ca?oaaaeiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeaea iiae/eiyaony
eniieieoaeueiiio aee?aeoi?o eee i?aceaeaioo anae oe?iu. I?e yoii
oeaio?aeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu iau/ii ieacuaaao iiiiuue naiei
ca?oaaaeiui oeeeaeai a aii?inao i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?eaoeiaa, oeiainiauo e
ethaeneeo ?ano?nia. Ii?aaeaeaiiay /anoue ooaaiiai ia?niiaea aeaaiiai
oi?aaeaiey oe?iu ia?aaiaeeony a ca?oaaaeiua oeeeaeu aeey oiai, /oiau
iaania/eoue yooaeoeaioth ?aaeecaoeeth no?aoaae/aneeo ieaiia e caaea/
oe?iu a oeaeii.
Ii ia?a aeaeueiaeoaai ?inoa aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe oe?iu ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieao iia iau/ii nicaeaao niaoeeaeueiia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiia ioaeaeaiea. I?e yoii ana ooieoeee, iaania/eaathuea
aeayoaeueiinoue oe?iu ia ca?oaaaeiuo ?uieao, eiioeaio?e?othony a yoii
iiae?acaeaeaiee. Onoaiaaeeaaaony aeieaeiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoaey oaeiai
iiae?acaeaeaiey (iau/ii aeinoaoi/ii aunieiai ?aiaa), eioi?ue
iiae/eiyaony i?aceaeaioo oe?iu (?en. 12. 6.). Eae i?aaeei oaeie
?oeiaiaeeoaeue eiaao aeinoaoi/ii oe?ieea iieiiii/ey ai anao ooieoeeyo e
aeaeao aeayoaeueiinoe ca?oaaaeiuo oeeeaeia.
Oe?iu, eioi?ua nicaeatho aeeaeceiiaeueioth no?oeoo?o n iaaeaeoia?iaeiui
ioaeaeaieai, eiatho ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoie iauai ca?oaaaeiuo i?iaeaae
ii n?aaiaieth n i?iaeaaeaie aioo?e no?aiu, ia?aie/aiioth iiiaieeaoo?o
i?iaeoeoeee e aaia?aoeth ca?oaaaeiuo ?uieia. Iaeiaei ii ia?a ?inoa
iauaia ca?oaaaeiuo i?iaeaae, ?anoe?aiey anni?oeiaioa auioneaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee e i?iaeaeaeaiey oe?iu a iiaua yeiiiie/aneea ?aaeiiu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiay aeeaeceiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a ia/eiaao noaniyoue oe?io. A
yoio iiiaio i?aaiecaoeee iau/ii ia?aoiaeyo e oi?ie?iaaieth aeiaaeueiie
no?oeoo?u.
Eiaaea iiae?acaeaeaiey oe?iu aioo?e no?aiu e ca ?oaaaeii aeaenoaotho
ii?iciue, i?aaei?eieiaoaeue eeoai aiciiaeiinoe i?eaeaoue aeiaaeueioth
i?eaioaoeeth naiae aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe. Iiyoiio aicieeaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue a aeiaaeueiie no?oeoo?a. Ii ii?aaeaeaieth A?aeiaea
Oaoaea «aeiaaeueiua ?aoaiey – yoi ?aoaiey i oii, aaea ?acaeaaoue iiaua
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe, a eaeea iaeanoe oaaee/eoue
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey, a eaeeo iaeanoyo ia/eiaoue i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai e
eaeoth i?iaeoeoeeth auioneaoue, ioeoaea iieo/aoue ?ano?nu, eaeea
eniieueciaaoue iaoiaeu aeey aiaae?aiey ia ca?oaaaeiua ?uiee, eaeoth
iieeoeeo a ioiioaiee oi?i nianoaaiiinoe a ca?oaaaeiuooeeeaeao eca?aoue e
o. i.». Oaeei ia?acii, aeey oiai, /oiau i?eieiaoue aeaenoaeoaeueii
yooaeoeaiua ?aoaiey a ioiioaiee naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ia ?acee/iuo
iaaeaeoia?iae-iuo ?uieao, oe?ia aeieaeia ia?anoaoue aeaeaoue iniiaioth
noaaeo ia aeayoaeueiinoue aioo?e no?aiu e ia?ano?ieoue naith no?oeoo?o
oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iaaeaeoia?iaeiua iia?aoeee eiaee ia iaiaa aaaeiia
cia/aiea, /ai iia?aoeee aioo?e no?aiu.
Aeaa iaeaieaa oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo oeia aeiaaeueiuo no?oeoo? – yoi
aeiaaeueiay i?iaeoeoiaay no?oeoo?a e aeiaaeueiay ?aaeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a
(?en. 12. 7a. e 12. 76., niioaaonoaaiii).
Aeiaaeueiay i?iaeoeoiaay no?oeoo?a aieueoa anaai iiaeoiaeeo aeey oao
oe?i, o eioi?uo ?acee/ey iaaeaeo auioneaaiuie aeaeaie i?iaeoeoeee eiatho
aieueoaa cia/aiea, /ai ?acee/ey iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaie, a eioi?uo eo
i?iaeatho. ?acee/ey a i?iaeoeoeee ca/anooth iaoneaaeeaathony oai, /oi
oe?ia i?iecaiaeeo oe?ieoth aaiio ecaeaeee, eioi?ua o?aaotho ?acee/iuo
oaoiieiaee. E?iia oiai, ?acee/ey a i?iaeoeoeee iiaoo iiyaeyoueny iioiio,
/oi iaoiaeu ia?eaoeiaa iaei niioaaonoaotho eaiaeai ?aaeecaoeee yoie
i?iaeoeoeee. Anee no?oeoo?e?iaaoue i?aaiecaoeeth ii auioneaaiie ath
i?iaeoeoeee, oi ai?acaei eaa/a aeinoe/ue iaiaoiaeeiie oaoiieiae/aneie e
nauoiaie niaoeeaeecaoeee e eii?aeeiaoeee.
No?oeoo?ecaoeey ii aaia?aoe/aneei ?aaeiiai aieaa iiaeoiaeeo oai, aaea
?aaeiiaeueiua ?acee/ey eiatho aieueoaa cia/aiea, /ai ?acee/ey a
i?iaeoeoeee. ?aaeiiaeueiua ?acee/ey /anoi iaoneiaeeaathony oai, /oi
?aciiia?aciua ca?oaaaeiua eeeaiou oe?iu eiioeaio?e?othony a ?acee/iuo
?aaeiiao. A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaeoe?iaaiea i?aaiecaoeee inouanoaeyaony ii
e?eoa?eth niioaaonoaey iieoiaoaeueneiai ni?ina e iaoiaeia ia?eaoeiaa a
aeaiiuo ?aaeiiao. No?oeoo?e?oy i?aaiecaoeeth ii aaia?aoe/aneiio
i?eioeeio, iiaeii aeinoe/ue o?aaoaiie niaoeeaeecaoeeee e eii?aeeiaoeee a
nenoaia iio?aaeoaeue-?uiie.
AAeAIOEAIUA NO?OEOO?U
Ia/eiay n 60-o aiaeia iaeioi?ua i?aaiecaoeee noieeioeenue n oaeei
iieiaeaieai, eiaaea aiaoiea oneiaey eo aeayoaeueiinoe iaiyeenue oae
auno?i, i?iaeou noaiiaeeenue ianoieueei neiaeiuie, a oaoiieiaey
?acaeaaeanue oae no?aieoaeueii, /oi iaaeinoaoee ath?ie?aoe/aneie
i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey, iienaiiua Ia?oiiii e ae?oaeie e?eoeea ie, noaee
ia?aaaoeaaoue eo aeinoieinoaa. Ii nouanoao no?ieiinoue o?aaeeoeeiiiie
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u (iniaaiii oai, aaea oeaeue eiiaiae aeeeiiay)
iiaeao caiaaeeyoue acaeiiaeaenoaea e i?ioeaaeo?o au?aaioee ?aoaiee aei
oaeie noaiaie, /oi i?aaiecaoeey aieueoa ia iiaea yooaeoeaii ?aaae?iaaoue
ia i?ienoiaeyuea eciaiaiey. *oiau i?aaiecaoeee eiaee aiciiaeiinoue
?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiey ie?oaeathuaen?aaeu e aiaae?youe iiaoth
oaoiieiaeth, auee ?ac?aaioaiu aaeaioeaiua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u.
Aaeaioeaiua e inoaienoy/aneea . N ia/aea 60-o aiaeia iiiaea
i?aaiecaoeee noaee ?ac?aaaouaaoue e aiaae?youe iiaua, aieaa aeaeea
oeiu i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?, eioi?ua ii n?aaiaieth n ath?ie?aoeae
auee eo/oa i?eniiniaeaiu e auno?ie no?oeoo?u niaia aiaoieo oneiaee e
iiyaeaieth iiaie iaoeiaieie oaoiieiaee.
Oaeea no?oeoo?u iacuaathony aaeaioeaiuie, iineieueeo eo iiaeii auno?i
iiaeeoeoee?iaaoue a niioaaonoaee n eciaiaieyie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
iio?aaiinoyie naiie i?aaiecaoeee. Aua iaeii iacaaiea yoeo aieaa aeaeeo
nenoai – i?aaie/aneea no?oeoo?u. Iii naycaii n eo aiciiaeiinoyie
aaeaioe?iaaoueny e eciaiaieyi a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea iiaeiaii oiio, eae
yoi aeaeatho aeeaua i?aaieciu. I?aaie/aneea eee aaeaioeaiua no?oeoo?u –
yoi ia i?inoi eaeay-oi aa?eaoeey ath?ie?aoee, eaeiaie yaeyaony
aeeaeceiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a. I?aaie/aneay no?oeoo?a no?ieony ia oeaeyo e
aeiiouaieyo, ?aaeeeaeueii ioee/athueony io oao, /oi eaaeao a iniiaa
ath?ie?aoee.
Aio eaeia n?aaiaiea i?aaie/aneeo e ath?ie?aoe/aneeo no?oeoo? aeatho Oii
Aa?in e A. I. Noaeea?, aiaeeeneea o/aiua-aeoaaei?enou, eco/aaoea
caaeneiinoue oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaiecaoeee io aa no?oeoo?u.
Ath?ie?aoe/aneea no?oeoo?u iie iacuaatho IAOAIENOE*ANEEIE:
«A iaoaienoe/aneie no?oeoo?a i?iaeaiu e caaea/e, n eioi?uie noaeeeaaaony
i?aaiecaoeey a oeaeii, ?acaeaathony ia iiiaeanoai iaeeeo ninoaaeythueo
ii ioaeaeueiui niaoeeaeueiinoyi. Eaaeaeue niaoeeaeeno ?aoaao naith
caaea/o eae ia/oi iainiaeaiiia io ?aaeueiuo caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae
i?aaiecaoeeae a oeaeii, eae aoaeoi yoi aai caaea/a – i?aaeiao
noaeiio?aeoa. «Eoi-oi oai iaaa?oo” aeieaeai ?aoaoue,ianeieueei yoe
/anoiua caaea/e niioaaonoaotho caaea/ai anae i?aaiecaoeee. Oaoie/aneea
iaoiaeu e n?aaenoaa ?aoaiey caaea/, i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe eaaeaeiai
ooieoeeiiaeueiiai yeaiaioa iaoaienoe/a-neie nenoaiu oi/ii ii?aaeaeaiu.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeeo a iniiaiii ii
aa?oeeaee, o. a. iaaeaeo ia/aeueieeii e iiae/eiaiiui. I?iecaiaenoaaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue e iiaaaeaiea ia?niiaea ?aaeaiaioe?othony eino?oeoeeyie e
?aoaieyie ?oeiaiaenoaa. Oaeay oi?aaeai/aneay ea?a?oe/aneay nenoaia
no?ieony ia oii, /oi any eioi?iaoeey i iieiaeaiee oe?iu e aa caaea/ao
aeinooiia eee iiaeao auoue aeinooiia oieueei aeaaa oe?iu. Oi?aaeaiea
oaeie i?aaiecaoeeae, oi?ioi ecaanoiia ii iiiai/eneaiiui noaiai, eae
neiaeiay ea?a?oe/aneay no?oeoo?a, eniieuecoao i/aiue i?inooth nenoaio
eiio?iey, aaea eioi?iaoeey iinooiaao nieco aaa?o, iiaeaa?aaynue
iineaaeiaaoaeueiiio oneeaieth.
Eiaaea aicieeathuea i?iaeaiu e o?aaoaiua aeaenoaey iaeuecy ?aceiaeeoue
ia ioaeaeueiua yeaiaiou e ?ani?aaeaeeoue ii niaoeeaeenoai a niioaaonoaee
n /aoei ii?aaeaeaiiie ea?a?oe/aneie ?ieueth eaaeaei. ai, i?aaie/aneea
nenoaiu aaeaioe?othony e ianoaaeeueiui oneiaeyi. A yoii neo/aa
nio?oaeieee aeieaeiu ?aoaoue naie eiie?aoiua caaea/e a naaoa caaea/
oe?iu a oeaeii. Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue oi?-iaeueiuo oa?aeoa?enoee e
ii?aaeaeaiee aeieaeiinoiuo iaycaiiinoae (a eaoaai?eyo iieiiii/ee,
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, a oaeaea iaoiaeia) ioiaaeaao, o. e. eo iaiaoiaeeii
iinoiyiii ia?aniao?eaaoue a ?acoeue. oaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey n ae?oaeie
o/anoieeaie ?aoaiey aeaiiie caaea/e. Yoi acaeiiaeaenoaea i?ienoiaeeo eae
ii aa?oeeaee, oae e ii ai?eciioaee. Acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo
nio?oaeieeaie ?acee/iuo ?aiaia iaiiieiatho nei?aa eiinoeueoaoeeth aeaoo
eieeaa, /ai i?eeac ia/aeueieea iiae/eiaiiiio. ?oeiaiaeeoaey oaeie
i?aaiecaoeey oaea ia n/eoatho anaciathuei.
Eae iu oaea ioia/aee, yoe iiaua i?aaie/aneea oeiu i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo? iaeuecy a ethaie neooaoeee n/eoaoue aieaa yooaeoeaiuie, /ai
iaoaienoe/aneea.
Aa?in e Noaeea? i?eoee e caeeth/aieth, /oi i?aaie/aneea no?oeoo?u
aieueoa anaai iiaeoiaeyo aeey oaeeo oe?i, eae «Oueaieaoo- Iaeea?ae», CI,
«Yiie», eioi?ua aeae-noaotho a auno?i iaiythuaeny ianoaiiaea.
Iaoaienoe/aneea no?oeoo?u iaiai?io – aieueoa iiaeoiaeyo aeey
i?aaiecaoeee, aeaenoaothueo a oneiaeyo, eioi?ua iaiythony aeiaieueii
iaaeeaiii (iai?eia?, oe?ia «Ne?n», aeaaeathuay naoueth iaaaceiia,
oe?iu-i?iecaiaeeoaee eia?ia, iioiaua oi?aiaoeu aaoiiiaeeueiuie
cai/anoyie). Caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo oeiii no?oeoo?u e oaiiii eciaiaiey
aiaoiae n?aaeu iieacaia ia ?en. 12. 8. Aiaeece?oy yoo naycue, Oyiaeaee
O?ai/ e Nanee Aaee noi?ioee?iaaee neaaeothuee auaiae: «Oai?ey e
i?aeoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey aiai?yo i oii, /oi i?e ethauo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao ie /enoi i?aaie/aneay, ie iieiinoueth iaoaienoe/aneay
no?oeoo?a ia iiaoo auoue iioeiaeueiuie, ii iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau
oaoiieiaey, caaea/e, aioo?aiiea e aiaoiea oneiaey ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea ciaiey e oiaiey aa nio?oaeieeia oi?ioi
niaeaniauaaeenue iaaeaeo niaie».
Aieaa oiai, eae iieacaee Aa?in e Noaeea?, i?aaie/aneay e iaoaienoe/aneay
no?oeoo?u i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eeoue aeaa e?aeiea oi/ee a eiioeiooia
oaeeo oi?i. ?aaeueiua no?oeoo?u ?aaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee eaaeao iaaeaeo
ieie, iaeaaeay i?eciaeaie eae iaoaienoe/aneeo, oae e i?aaie/aneeo
no?oeoo? a ?aciuo niioiioaieyo. E?iia oiai, aanueia /anoi auaaao oae,
/oi ?acee/iua iiae?acaeaeaiey aioo?e iaeiie e oie aea i?aaiecaoeee
eiatho ?aciua no?oeoo?u. Oae, a e?oiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo o iaeieo
iiae?ac-aeaeaiee iiaeao auoue iaoaienoe/aneay no?oeoo?a, a o ae?oaeo
i?aaie/aneay. *anoi, iai?eia?, ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiecaoeee eniieuecoao a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaie-yo iaoaienoe/aneea no?oeoo?u, a a
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo – i?aaie/aneea.
Aeaa iniiaiuo oeia i?aaie/aneeo no?oeoo?, eniieuecoaiuo naaiaeiy, – yoi
i?iaeoiua e iao?e/iua i?aaiecaoeee.
I?iaeoiay ath?ie?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee. Oeie/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
ioaeaea a e?oiiie i?aaiecaoeee eiaao ianno ?acee/iuo iaycaiiinoae e
ioaa/aao ca ii?aaeaeaiua aniaeou ianeieueeeo ?aciuo i?iaeoia, aeaeia
i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa. Oae, iai?eia?, aeaaa ecaeaoaeuenoaa eaeiai-eeai
eieeaaeaea ioaa/aao ca ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea» auione e ?aaeecaoeeth aeanyoeia
eee aeaaea nioai ?acee/iuo eiea aaeaaiaeii. Iaecaaaeii, /oi aeaaea
oi?ioee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue a iaoaiee iaaeaeo yoeie iaycaiiinoyie aoaeao ia
eaeea-oi aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe ia?auaoue aieueoa aieiaiey, a ia ae?oaea –
iaiueoa. Eaeea-oi aeaoaee iaecaaaeii auiaaeoo ec noa?u aai aieiaiey e
inoaioony ia?aaeeci-aaiiuie. Anee eaaeaeue ec yoeo i?iaeoia ioee/aaony
iaaieueoei ?acia?ii e cao?aoaie ia oiia anae aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaiecaoeee, oi oeacaiiua i?iaeaiu ia nicaeatho aieueoeo o?oaeiinoae.
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