Организация стратегического контроля

Naia?neay Ainoaea?noaaiiay Yeiiiie/aneay Aeaaeaiey

EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA

II NO?AOAAE*ANEIIO IAIAAeAEIAIOO

ia oaio:

“I?aaiecaoeey no?aoaae/aneiai eiio?iey”

Auiieieea:

nooaeaioea 4
eo?na

cai/iiai
oaeoeueoaoa

niaoeeaeueiinoue iaiaaeaeiaio

Auethiiaa I.A.

I?iaa?ee:

aeieoi?
yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe

i?ioanni?

Iaea?aiei I.A.

Naia?a, 1999 a.

Niaea?aeaiea:

Aaaaeaiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .2

Aeaaa 1. Nouiinoue e niune

eiio?iey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 4

1.1. Iiiyoea eiio?iey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2. Aeaeu eiio?iey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aeaaa 2. Oi?aaeai/aneee eiio?ieue. . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeai/aneiai

eiio?iey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .

2.2. Eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeythuea

nenoaiu a eiio?iea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3. No?aoaae/aneee eiio?ieue

ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey

oe?iu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .

Aeaaa 3. Eiio?ieeeia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1. Iiiyoea eiio?ieeeiaa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2. Cia/aiea eiio?ieeeiaa

a aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoee oe?iu. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caeeth/aiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .

I?eeiaeaiey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .

Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee nienie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aaaaeaiea

Iianaaeiaaiue, iineaaeiaaoaeueiue, aeoaieee eiio?ieue ca ?aaioie
eaaeaeiai nio?oaeieea i?aaei?eyoey e anae “eiiaiaeu” a oeaeii yaeyaony
aaaeiui yeaiaioii no?aoaae/aneiai iaiaaeaeiaioa. Aac iaeaaeeaaiey
iiaeiaiiai eiio?iey iaaiciiaeii aeiaeoueny neaaeaiiuo aeaenoaee
eieeaeoeaa a ?aaeecaoeee iennee oe?iu, e ia?niaeoeaiie i?ia?aiiu,
i?aaiecaoeee /aoeiai acaeiiaeaenoaey anao ?aaioieeia. I?aaiecaoeey
eiio?iey ia ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoeyo, eioi?ay neiaeeeanue ia naaiaeiy,
oaea ia iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?youe iaiaaeaea?ia, ia niioaaonoaoao
eciaiythueiny oneiaeyi, ia i?eiineo iaiaoiaeeiuo ?acoeueoaoia. Eiio?ieue
ca ?aaioie ia?niiaea a ?inneeneie i?aeoeea naiaeeony, eae i?aaeei, e
i?iaa?ea auiieiaiey nio?oaeieeaie eo iaycaiiinoae, a oaeaea caaeaiee
?oeiaiaenoaa. Iiaeiaiay i?aeoeea onoa?aea. Nia?aiaiiua iaiaaeaea?u
aeieaeiu no?aieoueny i?aaeaea anaai iiii/ue nio?oaeieeai oeo/oeoue eo
?aaioo, iieiaa i?iyaeoue ia aeaea eo iioaioeeae, aeiaeoueny aieaa
yooaeoeaiiai, aieaa oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea e aeaeo.

I?e yoii a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue auyaeythony i?iaeaiu, a ?aoaiee eioi?uo ei
iaiaoiaeeii niaeaenoaea ?oeiaiaenoaa. Iau/ii nio?oaeiee ?aaioaao
iaaaaeii ia ec-ca oaeaoiinoe, a iioiio, /oi aio ia oaaoaao iiuoa,
ciaiee. Ia anaaaea o iaai eiaaony e /aoeia iiieiaiea iennee, no?aoaaee
?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey. Ia?aaeei aio iaaeinoaao iaeia?eoaeueiie ioeaiee
aai ?aaiou. Aeaaiay caaea/a iaiaaeaea?a a oi?aaeaiee eieeaeoeaii
caeeth/aaony naaiaeiy a niiniaiinoe nicaeaoue aaeaeaaoiua oneiaey aeey
?aaeecaoeee naieo aiciiaeiinoae eaaeaeui aai /eaiii, i?iaoaeaeaoue a
ethaeyo yiooceaci, no?aieaiea ?aoaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua caaea/e. Aeey
i?aoniaaaiey eiiiaiee aaaeiui yaeyaony oiaiea iaiaaeaea?a iauaoueny n
eieeaaaie, niiniaiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoue ethaeueie. Caeanue iniaaiii aaaeiu
?aoeeiiaeueiay i?aaiecaoeey ?aaiou eieeaeoeaa, aoiaiiia iauaiea n
eaaeaeui nio?oaeieeii, oiaiea iaeoe iioeiaeueiue iooue aicaeaenoaey ia
eiie?aoiiai ?aaioieea a oeaeyo ?aoaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo caaea/.

Iniaoth ?ieue caeanue i?eia?aoaao eiio?ieue. Eiio?ieueiay ooieoeey
?oeiaiaenoaa iaeaieaa ?acoeueoaoeaii inouanoaeyaony iaiaaeaea?ii iooai
niaianoiiai n nio?oaeieeii aiaeeca ?acoeueoaoia aai ?aaiou, iienea
i?e/ei iaoaea/, iinea /aai iaiaoiaeeii iao/aiea iiae/eiaiiiai
iaiaaeaea?ii, ia?aaea/a iiuoa, iiae?iaiue eino?oeoaae. Aianoi caia/aiee
ii ?aaioa e i?aoaicee e nio?oaeieeo iaiaaeaea? iiiiaaai aio ono?aiyoue
i?iaaeu a ciaieyo. Yoi niinianoaoao iaania/aieth aieaa aunieiai ea/anoaa
e ?acoeueoaoia o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?e yoii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
eiio?ieue ni noi?iiu iaiaaeaea?a aeieaeai aeiiieiyoueny eieeaeoeaiui
eiio?ieai ?aaioieeia oe?iu.

Iiaeiaiue eiio?ieue iicaieyao nenoaiaoe/anee ooi/iyoue, ei??aeoe?iaaoue
e niaa?oainoaiaaoue ooieoeee, aeieaeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe eaaeaeiai
?aaioieea. Eiio?ieue, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai ia iaeacuaatho, a
niaaootho, anaaaea ano?a/aaony n iiieiaieai. I?e yoii /aeiaaea ia
oieaeatho, a iiiiaatho aio aicauneoueny, a oii /enea e a nianoaaiiuo
aeacao. Anee ?aaioiee e iiaeaa?aaaony e?eoeea, oi ia ni?aaaaeeeauo
iniiaaieyo, oi?ioi iiiyoiuo aeiiaiiio, e i?e niaianoiii n ?oeiaiaeeoaeai
ono?aiaiee iaaei/aoia. Iniaaiii yooaeoeaii, anee eiio?iee?othuee ia
i?yii auneacuaaao naia iiaiea i i?in/aoao a ?aaioa, a iiaeaiaeeo e yoiio
naiiai aeiiaaoiai nio?oaeieea. A yoii neo/aa oiouaiey ono?aiythony
auno?aa e, cia/eo, oaeie eiio?ieue aunooiaao aaaeiui oaeoi?ii ?acaeoey.
Iaeiia?aiaiii a eieeaeoeaa oeo/oaaony ineoieiae/aneee eeeiao,
oe?aieythony nayce ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e iiae/eiaiiuo, iauaaeeiaiiuo aaeeiie
oeaeueth. AEeciue oaaaeaeaao, /oi iaiaaeaea?o aiiaua iao iieuecu
aiai?eoue n iiae/eiaiiuie a i?eeaciii oiia. Aaaeii ia ioaeaaaoue
i?eeacaiey, a iiaeaiaeeoue /aeiaaea e iunee i iaiaoiaeeiinoe
inouanoaeaiey eiie?aoiiai aeaenoaey a eioa?anao i?aaei?eyoey. Anee
?aaioiee aoaeao eae au eieoeeaoi?ii eaeae, ii aoaeao o?oaeeoueny
iiiaie?aoii yia?ae/iaa iaae aa i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeeae. Iaiaaeaea?o
ioaeii auoue ineoieiaii, iaoiaeeoue e eniieueciaaoue naiua oiieea no?oiu
/aeiaa/aneie aeooe, aeaai?iaeiua iiaoaeaeaiey, naeaeaoue oae, /oiau
?aaioieeo auei i?eyoii aeaeaoue oi, /oi ioaeii oe?ia.

Aeaaa 1. Nouiinoue e niune eiio?iey

1.1. Iiiyoea eiio?iey

Neiai “eiio?ieue” ?iaeaeaao i?aaeaea anaai io?eoeaoaeueiua annioeeaoeee.
Aeey iiiaeo ethaeae eiio?ieue icia/aao i?aaeaea anaai ia?aie/aiea,
i?eioaeaeaiea, ionoonoaea naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e o. i. – a iauai, ana oi,
/oi i?ioeaiiieiaeii iaoei i?aaenoaaeaieyi i naiaiaea ee/iinoe.
Aneaaenoaea oaeiai aini?eyoey, eiio?ieue ioiineony e /eneo oao ooieoeee
oi?aaeaiey, nouiinoue eioi?uo iiieiaaony /aua anaai iai?aaeeueii. Ia
aii?in “/oi aea icia/aao eiio?ieue aeey iaiaaeaea?a”, oi /aua anaai
ethaee ioaaoyo aai, – yoi oi, /oi iicaieyao oaea?aeeaaoue ?aaioieeia a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?aieao. A i?eioeeia – yoi aa?ii. Iaeei ec aniaeoia
eiio?iey aeaenoaeoaeueii ninoieo a iaania/aiee iiae/eiaiey /aio-oi. Ii
naiaeeoue eiio?ieue i?inoi e iaeei ia?aie/aieyi, eneeth/athuei
aiciiaeiinoue aeaenoaee, iaiinyueo a?aae i?aaiecaoeee e canoaaeythueo
eaaeaeiai aanoe naay no?iai aeenoeeieeie?iaaiii, – icia/aei au oionoeoue
ec aeaeo iniiaioth caaea/o oi?aaeaiey.

Eiio?ieue – yoi i?ioeann, iaania/eaathuee aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae
i?aaiecaoeee. Ii iaiaoiaeei aeey iaia?oaeaiey e ?ac?aoaiey aicieeathueo
i?iaeai ?aiueoa, /ai iie noaioo neeoeii na?ueaciuie, e iiaeao oaeaea
eniieueciaaoueny aeey noeioee?iaaiey oniaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

I?ioeann eiio?iey ninoieo ec onoaiiaee noaiaea?oia, eciaiaiey oaeoe/anee
aeinoeaioouo ?acoeueoaoia e i?iaaaeaiey ei??aeoe?iaie a oii neo/aa, anee
aeinoeaiooua ?acoeueoaou nouanoaaiii ioee/athony io onoaiiaeaiiuo
noaiaea?oia.

?oeiaiaeeoaee ia/eiatho inouanoaeyoue ooieoeeth eiio?iey n oiai naiiai
iiiaioa, eiaaea iie noi?ioee?iaaee oeaee e caaea/e e nicaeaee
i?aaiecaoeeth. Eiio?ieue i/aiue aaaeai, anee au oioeoa, /oiau
i?aaiecaoeey ooieoeeiie?iaaea oniaoii. Aac eiio?iey ia/eiaaony oain e
iauaaeeieoue aeayoaeueiinoue eaeeo-eeai a?oii noaiiaeony iaaiciiaeii.
Aaaeii e oi, /oi oaea naie ii naaa oeaee, ieaiu e no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee
ii?aaeaeytho aa iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe, ?ani?aaeaeyy aa oneeey oai
eee eiui ia?acii e iai?aaeyy auiieiaiea ?aaio. Eiio?ieue, oaeei ia?acii,
yaeyaony iaiouaieaiui yeaiaioii naiie nouiinoe anae i?aaiecaoeee.

Eiio?ieue – yoi e?eoe/anee aaaeiay e neiaeiay ooieoeey oi?aaeaiey. Iaeia
ec aaaeiaeoeo iniaaiiinoae eiio?iey, eioi?oth neaaeoao o/eouaaoue a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, ninoieo a oii, /oi eiio?ieue aeieaeai auoue
anaiauaiethuei. Eaaeaeue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue, iacaaeneii io naiaai ?aiaa,
aeieaeai inouanoaeyoue eiio?ieue eae iaiouaieaioth /anoue naieo
aeieaeiinoiuo iaycaiiinoae, aeaaea anee ieeoi aio niaoeeaeueii yoiai ia
ii?o/ae.

Ieaiu e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u – yoi eeoue eaeaae oiai, eaeei
oioaeinue au aeaeaoue aoaeouaa ?oeiaiaenoao. Iiiaeanoai ?aciiia?aciuo
ianoiyoaeuenoa iiaeao aini?aiyonoaiaaoue oiio, /oiau caaeoiaiiia
?aaeeciaaeinue. Eciaiaiey caeiiia, nioeeaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, oaoiieiaee,
oneiaee eiieo?aioeee e ae?oaeo ia?aiaiiuo aaee/ei ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
iiaoo i?aa?aoeoue ieaiu, aiieia ?aaeueiua a iiiaio eo oi?ie?iaaiey,
/a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy a ia/oi niaa?oaiii iaaeinoeaeeiia. Aeey oiai /oiau
iiaeaioiaeoueny e io?aaae?iaaoue aeieaeiui ia?acii ia iiaeiaiua
eciaiaiey, i?aaiecaoeeyi ioaeai yooaeoeaiue iaoaieci ioeaiee
aicaeaenoaey ia ieo yoeo ia?aiai.

E?iia oiai, aeaaea naiua eo/oea i?aaiecaoeeiiiua iino?iaiey eiatho naie
ecuyiu. Niaoeeaeecaoeey e ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea, iai?eia?, iiaoo ii?iaeeoue
i?iaeaiu eii?aeeiaoeee, o?aiey iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie a?eaaaeaie e
?aai/eie a?oiiaie, neo/ioth ?aaioo n ionoonoaeai iioeaaoeee. No?oeoo?a,
auaeyaeyuay i?eaeaeaoaeueii ia aoiaaa e oniaoii eniieueciaaaoayny a
ae?oaii ianoa e a ae?oaia a?aiy, iiaeao e ia ii?aaaeaoue anao iaaeaaeae,
aiceaaathueony ia iaa ?oeiaiaenoaii aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee.

Aua iaeiei oaeoi?ii iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe, iinoiyiii i?enoonoaothuei a
oi?aaeaiee, yaeythony ethaee, auiieiythuea aieueoeinoai ?aaio a ethaie
i?aaiecaoeee. Ethaee ia eiiiuethoa?u. Eo iaeuecy cai?ia?aiie?iaaoue ia
auiieiaiea eaeie-eeai caaea/e n aaniethoiie oi/iinoueth. Ianiio?y ia
iiiai/eneaiiua iaaeaaiea oniaoe a iiieiaiee iaoaiecia iiaaaeaiey ethaeae
a i?ioeanna o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, iaiaaeaea?u aua i/aiue aeaeaee io
oiai, /oiau neieueei-ieaoaeue naycaii e aeaoaeueii i?iaiice?iaaoue
ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth ?aaioieeia ia aaaaeaiea iiauo eino?oeoeee e eiiaiae,
aiceiaeaiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae.

Ioeaee e i?iaeaiu, aicieeathuea i?e aiaeeca neooaoeee aioo?e
i?aaiecaoeee, ia?aieaoathony, anee eo aia?aiy ia eni?aaeoue, n ioeaeaie
a ioeaiea aoaeoueo oneiaee ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e iiaaaeaiey ethaeae. Ii
aiaeiaee n yoei, anee au ioeaeenue i?e iiaen/aoa aaoeo aeioiaeia e
?anoiaeia, oi ec-ca yoiai au iiaeaoa caoai aeiionoeoue aua aieaa
na?ueacioth ioeaeo, iai?aaeeueii auienaa /ae, e oai naiui iaianoe
na?ueaciue oua?a naiei ae?ocueyi, aeaeiaui ia?oia?ai eee naiae
?aiooaoeee. Aa?iyoiinoue oaeiai ia?aieaoaiey ioeaie a i?aaiecaoeee
aanueia aaeeea ec-ca aunieie noaiaie acaeiicaaeneiinoe aeaeia
aeayoaeueiinoe.

Ooieoeey eiio?iey – yoi oaeay oa?aeoa?enoeea oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ay
iicaieyao auyaeoue i?iaeaiu e nei??aeoe?iaaoue niioaaonoaaiii
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee aei oiai, eae yoe i?iaeaiu ia?a?anooo a
e?ecen.

Iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo i?e/ei iaiaoiaeeiinoe inouanoaeaiey eiio?iey ninoieo
a oii, /oi ethaay i?aaiecaoeey aaconeiaii iaycaia iaeaaeaoue
niiniaiinoueth aia?aiy oeene?iaaoue naie ioeaee e eni?aaeyoue eo aei
oiai, eae iie iia?aaeyo aeinoeaeaieth oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.

Iieiaeeoaeueiay noi?iia eiio?iey ninoieo ai anaia?iie iiaeaea?aeea
anaai oiai, /oi yaeyaony oniaoiui aeey aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
Niiinoaaeyy ?aaeueii aeinoeaiooua ?acoeueoaou n caieaie?iaaiiuie, o. a.
ioaa/ay ia aii?in ” Ianeieueei iu i?iaeaeioeenue e iinoaaeaiiui oeaeyi?
“, ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiecaoeee iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue ii?aaeaeeoue, aaea
i?aaiecaoeey aeiaeeanue oniaoia, a aaea iioa?iaea iaoaea/o. Ae?oaeie
neiaaie, iaeei ec aaaeiuo aniaeoia eiio?iey ninoieo a oii, /oiau
ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeea eiaiii iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii niinianoaiaaee aeinoeaeaieth aa oeaeae. Eiaiii oae
iaeeea oe?iu ii?aaeaeytho, a eaeeo iaeanoyo ei ?anoe?youeny e
caeeth/aoue eiio?aeou, eaeay ec aoiaeyueo a eo ninoaa oe?i aeieaeia
iieo/eoue aieueooth aeieth ?ano?nia, a eaeoth neaaeoao i?iaeaoue eee
?anoi?ie?iaaoue. Ii?aaeaeyy oniaoe e iaoaea/e i?aaiecaoeee e eo i?e/eiu,
iu iieo/aai aiciiaeiinoue aeinoaoi/ii auno?i aaeaioe?iaaoue
i?aaiecaoeeth e aeeiaie/iui o?aaiaaieyi aiaoiae n?aaeu e iaania/eoue oai
naiui iaeaieueoea oaiiu i?iaeaeaeaiey e iniiaiiieaaathuei oeaeyi
i?aaiecaoeee.

1.2. Aeaeu eiio?iey

Eiio?ieue anoue ooiaeaiaioaeueiaeoee yeaiaio i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey. Ie
ieaie?iaaiea, ie nicaeaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?, ie iioeaaoeeth
iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue iieiinoueth a io?uaa io eiio?iey.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, oaeoe/anee ana iie yaeythony iaiouaieaiuie /anoyie
iauae nenoaiu eiio?iey a aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai
noaiao aieaa iiiyoiui iinea oiai, eae iu iiciaeiieiny n o?aiy iniiaiuie
aeaeaie eiio?iey: i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui, oaeouei e caeeth/eoaeueiui. Ii
oi?ia inouanoaeaiey ana yoe aeaeu eiio?iey noiaee, oae eae eiatho iaeio
e oo aea oeaeue: niinianoaiaaoue oiio, /oiau oaeoe/anee iieo/aaiua
?acoeueoaou auee eae iiaeii aeeaea e o?aaoaiui. ?acee/athony iie oieueei
a?aiaiai inouanoaeaiey.

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue.

Iaeioi?ua iaeaieaa aaaeiua aeaeu eiio?iey aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee iiaoo
auoue caianee?iaaiu n?aaee ae?oaeo ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey. Oae, iai?eia?,
oioy ieaie?iaaiea e nicaeaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? ?aaeei ioiinyo e
i?ioeaaeo?a eiio?iey, iie eae oaeiaua iicaieytho inouanoaeyoue
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue iaae aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaiecaoeee. Yoio
aeae eiio?iey iacuaaaony i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui iioiio, /oi inouanoaeyaony
aei oaeoe/aneiai ia/aea ?aaio.

Iniiaiuie n?aaenoaaie inouanoaeaiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey yaeyaony
?aaeecaoeey ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaee, i?ioeaaeo? e eeiee iiaaaeaiey.
Iineieueeo i?aaeea e eeiee iiaaaeaiey au?aaaouaathony aeey iaania/aiey
auiieiaiey ieaiia, oi eo no?iaia niaethaeaiea – yoi niinia oaaaeeoueny,
/oi ?aaioa ?acaeaaaony a caaeaiiii iai?aaeaiee. Aiaeiae/ii, anee ienaoue
/aoeea aeieaeiinoiua eino?oeoeee, yooaeoeaii aeiaiaeeoue oi?ioee?iaee
oeaeae aei iiae/eiaiiuo, iaae?aoue a aaeieieno?aoeaiue aiia?ao
oi?aaeaiey eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ethaeae, ana yoi aoaeao oaaee/eaaoue
aa?iyoiinoue oiai, /oi i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a aoaeao ?aaioaoue oae,
eae caaeoiaii. A i?aaiecaoeeyo i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue eniieuecoaony
a o?ao eeth/aauo iaeanoyo – ii ioiioaieth e /aeiaa/aneei, iaoa?eaeueiui
e oeiainiaui ?ano?nai.

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue a iaeanoe /aeiaa/aneeo ?ano?nia aeinoeaaaony
a i?aaiecaoeeyo ca n/ao ouaoaeueiiai aiaeeca oao aeaeiauo e
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee e iaaueia, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey auiieiaiey
oao eee eiuo aeieaeiinoiuo iaycaiiinoae e ioai?a iaeaieaa
iiaeaioiaeaiiuo e eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ethaeae. Aeey oiai /oiau
oaaaeeoueny, /oi i?eieiaaiua ?aaioieee ieaaeoony a ninoiyiee auiieieoue
ii?o/aiiua ei iaycaiiinoe iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue ieieiaeueii
aeiionoeiue o?iaaiue ia?aciaaiey eee noaae ?aaiou a aeaiiie iaeanoe e
i?iaa?eoue aeieoiaiou e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, i?aaeuyaeyaiua iaieiaaiui.
Nouanoaaiii iiauneo aa?iyoiinoue i?eaea/aiey e cae?aieaiey a ninoaaa
i?aaiecaoeee eiiiaoaioiuo ?aaioieeia iiaeii oaeaea iooai onoaiiaeaiey
ni?aaaaeeeauo ?acia?ia auieao e eiiiainaoeee, i?iaaaeaiey
ineoieiae/aneeo oanoia, a oaeaea i?e iiiiue iiiai/eneaiiuo
niaanaaeiaaiee n ?aaioieeii a ia?eiae ia?aae aai iaeiii. Ai iiiaeo
i?aaiecaoeeyo i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue /aeiaa/aneeo ?ano?nia
i?iaeieaeaaony e iinea eo iaeia a oiaea eo?na iao/aiey. Iao/aiea
iicaieyao onoaiiaeoue, /oi aea aeiiieieoaeueii ioaeii aeiaaaeoue e
?oeiaiaeyuaio ninoaao e ?yaeiaui eniieieoaeyi e oaea eiathueiny o ieo
ciaieyi e iaaueai, i?aaeaea /ai i?enooiaoue e oaeoe/aneiio eniieiaieth
naieo iaycaiiinoae. Eo?n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iao/aiey iiauoaao
aa?iyoiinoue oiai, /oi iaiyoua ?aaioieee aoaeoo o?oaeeoueny yooaeoeaii.

I/aaeaeii, /oi naeaeaoue aunieiea/anoaaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth ec ieioiai
nu?uey iaaiciiaeii. Iiyoiio i?iiuoeaiiua oe?iu onoaiaaeeaatho
iaycaoaeueiue i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue eniieuecoaiuo eie
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia. Eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony iooai au?aaioee
noaiaea?oia ieieiaeueii aeiionoeiuo o?iaiae ea/anoaa e i?iaaaeaiey
oece/aneeo i?iaa?ie niioaaonoaey iinooiathueo iaoa?eaeia yoei
o?aaiaaieyi. Iaeei ec niiniaia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey a yoie
iaeanoe ninoieo a auai?a oaeiai iinoaaueea, eioi?ue oaaaeeoaeueii
aeieacae naie aiciiaeiinoe iinoaaeyoue iaoa?eaeu, niioaaonoaothuea
oaoie/aneei oneiaeyi. E iaoiaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia ioiineony oaeaea iaania/aiea eo caiania a
i?aaiecaoeee ia o?iaia, aeinoaoi/iii aeey oiai, /oiau ecaaaeaoue
aeaoeoeeoa.

Aaaeiaeoei n?aaenoaii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
yaeyaony athaeaeao, eioi?ue iicaieyao oaeaea inouanoaeoue ooieoeeth
ieaie?iaaiey. Athaeaeao yaeyaony iaoaieciii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiio?iey
a oii niunea, /oi ii aeaao oaa?aiiinoue eiaaea i?aaiecaoeee iio?aaothony
iaee/iua n?aaenoaa, yoe n?aaenoaa o iaa aoaeoo. Athaeaeaou
onoaiaaeeaatho oaeaea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua cia/aiey cao?ao e ia iicaieytho
oai naiui eaeiio-eeai ioaeaeo eee i?aaiecaoeee a oeaeii en/a?iaoue naie
iaee/iua n?aaenoaa aei eiioea.

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue eiio?ieue iau/ii ?aaeecoaony a oi?ia ii?aaeaeaiiie
iieeoeee, i?ioeaaeo? e i?aaee.

Oaeouee eiio?ieue.

Oaeouee eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony, eiaaea ?aaioa oaea eaeao e iau/ii
i?iecaiaeeony a aeaea eiio?iey ?aaiou iiae/eiaiiiai aai
iaiin?aaenoaaiiui ia/aeueieeii. ?aaoey?iay i?iaa?ea ?aaiou iiae/eiaiiuo,
ianoaeaeaiea aicieeathueo i?iaeai e i?aaeeiaeaiee ii oniaa?oainoaiaaieth
?aaiou iicaieyo eneeth/eoue ioeeiiaiea io iaia/aiiuo ieaiia e
eino?oeoeee. Anee aea iicaieeoue yoei ioeeiiaieyi ?acaeoueny, iie iiaoo
ia?a?anoe a na?ueaciua o?oaeiinoe aeey anae i?aaiecaoeee.

Oaeouee eiio?ieue ia i?iaiaeeony aoeaaeueii iaeiia?aiaiii n auiieiaieai
naiie ?aaiou. Nei?aa ii aace?oaony ia eciaiaiee oaeoe/aneeo
?acoeueoaoia, iieo/aiiuo iinea i?iaaaeaiey ?aaiou, iai?aaeaiiie ia
aeinoeaeaiea aeaeaaiuo oeaeae. Aeey oiai, /oiau inouanoaeyoue oaeouee
eiio?ieue oaeei ia?acii, aiia?aoo oi?aaeaiey iaiaoiaeeia ia?aoiay
naycue.

Ia?aoiay naycue – yoi aeaiiua i iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoao. I?inoaeoei
i?eia?ii ia?aoiie nayce yaeyaony niiauaiea ia/aeueieea iiae/eiaiiui i
oii, /oi eo ?aaioa iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueia, anee ii aeaeeo, /oi iie
aeaeatho ioeaee. Nenoaiu ia?aoiie nayce iicaieytho ?oeiaiaenoao auyaeoue
iiiaeanoai iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo i?iaeai e nei??aeoe?iaaoue naith eeieth
iiaaaeaiey oae, /oiau ecaaaeaoue ioeeiiaiey i?aaiecaoeee io iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaiiai iooe e iinoaaeaiiui ia?aae iath caaea/ai.

Eiio?ieue i?e iiiiue nenoai ia?aoiie nayce ia yaeyaony ecia?aoaieai
oai?ee oi?aaeaiey i?aaiecaoeeyie. Oaeea nenoaiu – iaeii ec iaeaieaa
oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo yaeaiee i?e?iaeu.

Ana nenoaiu ia?aoiie nayce ninoiyo ec iaeieo e oao aea ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo
yeaiaioia (i?ee. 2) e ?aaioatho ia iaeieo e oao aea i?eioeeiao.

Nenoaiu eiio?iey n ia?aoiie naycueth, eniieuecoaiua a oi?aaeaiee,
aeeytho ia “aoiaeu”, /oiau aeinoe/ue o?aaoaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee ia
“auoiaea”. “Aoiaeii” aeey i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo nenoai n ia?aoiie naycueth
yaeythony ana aeaeu ?ano?nia: iaoa?eaeueiuo, oeiainiauo e /aeiaa/aneeo.
“Auoiaeii” oaeeo nenoai yaeythony oiaa?u e oneoae. Aieueoeinoai
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo nenoai eiio?iey n ia?aoiie naycueth ioiinyony e
ioe?uoui, iacaieiooui nenoaiai. Aiaoiee aeey oaeeo nenoai yeaiaio –
?oeiaiaeeoaeue-iaiaaeaea?, ?aaoey?ii aicaeaenoaoao ia yoo nenoaio, aiiny
eciaiaiey eae a aa oeaee, oae e a ooieoeeiie?iaaiea. A oi?aaeaiee
iaiaoiaeeiu nenoaiu eiaiii ioe?uoiai oeia, iineieueeo ia i?aaiecaoeeth
ieacuaatho aicaeaenoaea i/aiue iiiai ia?aiaiiuo aaee/ei.

Ioeeiiaiey, ia eioi?ua nenoaia aeieaeia ?aaae?iaaoue, /oiau aeinoe/ue
naieo oeaeae iiaoo aucuaaoueny eae aiaoieie, oae e aioo?aiieie
oaeoi?aie. E /eneo aioo?aiieo oaeoi?ia neaaeoao ioianoe i?iaeaiu,
naycaiiua n ia?aiaiiuie aaee/eiaie. Aiaoiea oaeoi?u – yoi ana oi, /oi
aicaeaenoaoao ia i?aaiecaoeeth ec ie?oaeathuae aa n?aaeu: eiieo?aioeey,
i?eiyoea iiauo caeiiia, eciaiaiea oaoiieiaee, oooaeoaiea
iauayeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee, eciaiaiea nenoaiu eoeueoo?iuo oeaiiinoae e
ae?. Aiieia aeiionoeii ?anniao?eaaoue oi?aaeaiea a iniiaiii eae iiiuoeo
iaania/eoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiea i?aaiecaoeee a ea/anoaa nenoaiu n
yooaeoeaiie ia?aoiie naycueth, o. a. eae nenoaiu, iaania/eaathuae
auoiaeiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ia caaeaiiii o?iaia, ianiio?y ia aicaeaenoaea
aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo ioeeiiythueo oaeoi?ia. Iaeiaei oi?ioaa oi?aaeaiea
auoiaeeo aeaeaei ca ?aiee i?inoiai no?aieaiey iaania/eoue noaoon eai e
aaeaeaaoii ?aaae?iaaoue ia aicieeathuea i?iaeaiu. Anee i?aaiecaoeey ia
no?aieony aaeaioe?iaaoueny e oniaa?oainoaiaaoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue,
ecia/aeueii ciay aeoeaioth iiceoeeth, iia a?yae ee inoaiaony yooaeoeaiie
a aeieain?i/iii ieaia.

Caeeth/eoaeueiue eiio?ieue.

A ?aieao caeeth/eoaeueiiai eiio?iey ia?aoiay naycue eniieuecoaony iinea
oiai, eae ?aaioa auiieiaia. Eeai n?aco ii caaa?oaieth eiio?iee?oaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, eeai ii enoa/aiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai ca?aiaa ia?eiaea
a?aiaie oaeoe/anee iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou n?aaieaathony n o?aaoaiuie.

Oioy caeeth/eoaeueiue eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony neeoeii iicaeii, /oiau
io?aaae?iaaoue ia i?iaeaiu a iiiaio eo aicieeiiaaiey, oai ia iaiaa, ii
eiaao aaaeiua ooieoeee. Iaeia ec ieo ninoieo a oii, /oi caeeth/eoaeueiue
eiio?ieue aeaao ?oeiaiaenoao i?aaiecaoeee eioi?iaoeeth, iaiaoiaeeioth
aeey ieaie?iaaiey a neo/aa, anee aiaeiae/iua ?aaiou i?aaeiieaaaaony
i?iaiaeeoue a aoaeouai. N?aaieaay oaeoe/anee iieo/aiiua e o?aaiaaaoeany
?acoeueoaou, ?oeiaiaenoai eiaao aiciiaeiinoue eo/oa ioeaieoue,
ianeieueei ?aaeenoe/iu auee ninoaaeaiiua ei ieaiu. Yoa i?ioeaaeo?a
iicaieyao oaeaea iieo/eoue eioi?iaoeeth i aicieeoeo i?iaeaiao e
noi?ioee?iaaoue iiaua ieaiu oae, /oiau ecaaaeaoue yoeo i?iaeai a
aoaeouai. Aoi?ay ooieoeey caeeth/eoaeueiiai eiio?iey ninoieo a oii,
/oiau niinianoaiaaoue iioeaaoeee. Anee ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiecaoeee
naycuaaao iioeaaoeeiiiua aiciaa?aaeaeaiey n aeinoeaeaieai ii?aaeaeaiiiai
o?iaiy ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe, oi, i/aaeaeii, /oi oaeoe/anee aeinoeaioooth
?acoeueoaoeaiinoue iaaei ecia?youe oi/ii e iauaeoeaii.

Oaeouee e caeeth/eoaeueiue eiio?ieue iniiauaaaony ia ia?aoiuo naycyo.
Oi?aaeythuea nenoaiu a i?aaiecaoeeyo eiatho ?aciieioooth ia?aoioth
naycue, oae eae ?oeiaiaeyuee ?aaioiee, yaeythueeny ii ioiioaieth e
nenoaia aiaoiei yeaiaioii, iiaeao aiaoeaaoueny a aa ?aaioo, eciaiyy e
oeaee nenoaiu, e oa?aeoa? aa ?aaiou.

Eiio?ieue ia oieueei iicaieyao auyaeyoue i?iaeaiu e ?aaae?iaaoue ia ieo
oae, /oiau aeinoeaiooue iaia/aiiuo oeaeae, ii e iiiiaaao ?oeiaiaenoao
?aoeoue, eiaaea ioaeii aiineoue ?aaeeeaeueiua eciaiaiey a
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee.

Aeaaa 2. Oi?aaeai/aneee eiio?ieue

2.1. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeai/aneiai eiio?iey

A i?ioeanna eiio?iey anoue o?e /aoei ?acee/eiuo yoaia: au?aaioea
noaiaea?oia e e?eoa?eaa, niiinoaaeaiea n ieie ?aaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia e
i?eiyoea iaiaoiaeeiuo ei??aeoe?othueo aeaenoaee. Ia eaaeaeii yoaia
?aaeecoaony eiiieaen ?acee/iuo ia?.

Ia?aue yoai i?ioeaaeo?u eiio?iey aeaiiino?e?oao, ianeieueei aeecei
neeou ooieoeee eiio?iey e ieaie?iaaiey.

Ia?aue yoai i?ioeanna eiio?iey – yoi onoaiiaea noaiaea?oia, o.a.
eiie?aoiuo, iiaeaeathueony ecia?aieth oeaeae, eiathueo a?aiaiiua
a?aieoeu. Aeey oi?aaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiu noaiaea?ou a oi?ia iieacaoaeae
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe iauaeoa oi?aaeaiey aeey anao aai eeth/aauo iaeanoae,
eioi?ua ii?aaeaeythony i?e ieaie?iaaiee.

Noaiaea?ou – yoi eiie?aoiua oeaee, i?ioeann a ioiioaiee eioi?uo
iiaeaeaaony ecia?aieth. Yoe oeaee yaiui ia?acii au?anoatho ec i?ioeanna
ieaie?iaaiey. Ana noaiaea?ou, eniieuecoaiua aeey eiio?iey aeieaeiu auoue
aua?aiu ec iiiai/eneaiiuo oeaeae e no?aoaaee i?aaiecaoeee.

Oeaee, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu a ea/anoaa noaiaea?oia aeey
eiio?iey, ioee/atho aeaa i/aiue aaaeiua iniaaiiinoe. Iie
oa?aeoa?ecothony iaee/eai a?aiaiiuo ?aiie, a eioi?uo aeieaeia auoue
auiieiaia ?aaioa, e eiie?aoiiai e?eoa?ey, ii ioiioaieth e eioi?iio
iiaeii ioeaieoue noaiaiue auiieiaiey ?aaiou. I?eia?u oeaeae, eioi?ua
iiaeii eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa noaiaea?oia eiio?iey: iieo/eoue
i?eaueue a ?acia?a 1 iei. ?oa. a 1999 aiaeo. Eiie?aoiua e?eoa?ee (a
aeaiiii neo/aa 1 iei. ?oa.) e ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie (1 aiae)
iacuaathony iieacaoaeyie ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe (i?ee. 3). Iieacaoaeue
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe oi/ii ii?aaeaeyao oi, /oi aeieaeii auoue iieo/aii aeey
oiai, /oiau aeinoe/ue iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. Iiaeiaiua iieacaoaee
iicaieytho ?oeiaiaenoao niiinoaaeoue ?aaeueii naeaeaiioth ?aaioo n
caieaie?iaaiiie e ioaaoeoue ia neaaeothuea aaaeiua aii?inu: “*oi iu
aeieaeiu naeaeaoue, /oiau aeinoe/ue caieaie?iaaiiuo oeaeae?” e “*oi
inoaeinue ia naeaeaiiui?”. Oae, iai?eia?, anee ?oeiaiaenoai
iaia?oaeeaaao, /oi ca ia?aua iieaiaea i?eaueue oe?iu ninoaaeea oieueei
400 oun. ?oa., oi iii iiieiaao, /oi iaiaoiaeeii nouanoaaiii iiaeiyoue
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, /oiau aeinoe/ue iaia/aiiie oeaee: ca?aaioaoue 1
iei. ?oa. e eiioeo aiaea.

Ioiineoaeueii eaaei onoaiiaeoue iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe aeey oaeeo
aaee/ei eae i?eaueue, iauai i?iaeaae, noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia iioiio, /oi
iie iiaeaeathony eiee/anoaaiiiio ecia?aieth. Ii iaeioi?ua aaaeiua oeaee
e caaea/e i?aaiecaoeee au?aceoue a /eneao iaaiciiaeii.

Iai?eia?, iiauoaiea ii?aeueiiai o?iaiy, ?anniao?eaaaiia a ea/anoaa
oeaee, au?aceoue a /eneiauo iieacaoaeyo i/aiue o?oaeii eee ca/anooth
aiiaua iaaiciiaeii. Iaaiciiaeii oi/ii i?eienaoue oiio eee eiiio o?iaith
ii?aee /eneaiiia cia/aiea eee au?aceoue aai /a?ac yeaeaaeaioioth noiio
?oaeae. Ii i?aaiecaoeee, ?aaioathuea yooaeoeaii, no?aiyony iaieoe
o?oaeiinoe, naycaiiua n au?aaeaieai oeaeae a eiee/anoaaiiii aeaea, e ei
yoi oaeaaony. Oae, iai?eia?, eioi?iaoeeth i aeooiaiii o?iaia e ninoiyiee
?aaioieeia iiaeii iieo/eoue iin?aaenoaii ?acee/iiai ?iaea ianeaaeiaaiee
e ii?inia. Aiea oiai, iaeioi?ua ec yoeo, yaii ia iiaeaeathueony
eiee/anoaaiiiio ecia?aieth aaee/ei, iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue a /eneaiiii
aeaea, einaaiii ecia?yy iaeioi?ua iieacaoaee. Iaeia eiee/anoai
oaieueiaiee, iai?eia?, iau/ii yaeyaony i?iyaeaieai oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe
?aaioie. Oaeei ia?acii, eiee/anoai oaieueiaiee iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny
eae iieacaoaeue ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe i?e au?aaioaiiuo noaiaea?oia a iaeanoe
oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe ?aaioie. Iai?eia?, ?oeiaiaeeoaee aunoaai caaia iiaoo
onoaiiaeoue a ea/anoaa oeaee ia neaaeothuee aiae oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa
oaieueiaiee n 10 aei 6 %.

Iianiinoue eniieueciaaiey einaaiiuo i?iyaeaiee eaeeo-eeai aaee/ei aianoi
i?yiuo ecia?aiee yoeo aaee/ei ninoieo a oii, /oi ia yoe ecia?yaiua
einaaiiua i?iyaeaiey iiaoo ieacuaaoue aicaeaenoaea e niaa?oaiii ae?oaea
ia?aiaiiua. Ioiaoei, /oi ieceay /anoioa oaieueiaiee iiaeao io?aaeaoue ia
aunieoth noaiaiue oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe ?aaioie, a iauaa ieioia ninoiyiea
yeiiiieee.

Ae?oaeie neiaaie, ethaee iiaoo inoaaaoueny ia yoie ?aaioa ia iioiio, /oi
eo iio?aaiinoe caeanue ii-ianoiyuaio oaeiaeaoai?ythony, a iioiio, /oi
iie n/eoatho, /oi iaeoe ae?oaoth ?aaioo aoaeao aeinoaoi/ii o?oaeii.
Iaiaaeaea?o ioaeii ana a?aiy auoue ianoi?iaea e iao/eoueny ioaeaeyoue
neiioiiu io enoeiiuo i?e/ei. Nouanoaaiii aaaeii, /oiau ?oeiaiaeeoaee
ynii iniciaaaee, /oi a aeaiiie eiie?aoiie neooaoeee ia ?acoeueoaou eo
aeaenoaee aoaeoo ieacuaaoue aeeyiea i/aiue iiiaea oaeoi?u.

Iaaiciiaeiinoue au?aceoue iieacaoaeue ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe iaiin?aaenoaaiii
a eiee/anoaaiiie oi?ia ia aeieaeia neoaeeoue ii?aaaeaieai (a ca/anooth
eiaiii oae e auaaao) oiai, /oiau ia onoaiaaeeaaoue eiio?ieueiuo
noaiaea?oia a yoie iaeanoe aiiaua. Aeaaea noauaeoeaiue iieacaoaeue, i?e
oneiaee, /oi iniciaaony aai ia?aie/aiiinoue, eo/oa /ai ie/aai.
?oeiaiaenoai ia iiaeao yooaeoeaii inouanoaeyoue eiio?ieue aac iieacaoaey
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe eaeiai-eeai oeia. Iaecaaaeiui neaaenoaeai ionoonoaey
oaeiai iieacaoaey yaeyaony oi?aaeaiea ii iaeoeth. Iiiai i?aaiecaoeee
noieeioeinue n i/aiue na?ueaciuie i?iaeaiaie ec-ca oiai, /oi ia noiaee
onoaiiaeoue iieacaoaeue ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe a oaeeo o?oaeii iiaeaeathueony
ecia?aieth iaeanoyo, eae nioeeaeueiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue e yoeea.

Iaeanoue, a eioi?ie onoaiiaeoue iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe iniaaiii
o?oaeii, yoi IEIE?. I?aaei?eieiaaoeany iiiai/eneaiiua iiiuoee
?ac?aaioaoue iauaeoeaiua ia?u ecia?aiey ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe a yoie noa?a
ieacuaaeenue aaconiaoiuie. E o?aaeeoeeiiii eniieuecoaiui caeanue
iieacaoaeyi ioiineony /enei iaoaioia, ioaeeeaoeee, io/aoia e caaa?oaiiuo
i?iaeoia. Ana yoe iieacaoaee aeaeatho oii? ia ii?aaeaeaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe IEIE?, inoaaeyy ca neiaeaie aii?in
i iai?aaeaiiinoe IEIE? e iieaciinoe eo i?iaaaeaiey aeey i?aaiecaoeee a
oeaeii. Anee oe?ia eiaao eaeea-eeai i?aaeii/oeoaeueiua aeey iaa iaeanoe
aeayoaeueiinoe (a iau/ii yoi oae), oi iai?aaeaiiinoue IEIE? eiaao i/aiue
aieueoia cia/aiea.

Ca iineaaeiea aiaeu iaiaaeaea?u, caiyoua a iaeanoe enneaaeiaaiee e
?ac?aaioie, iniciaee, /oi iaeioi?ay ia iaoa?eaeueiinoue ?aaio a yoie
noa?a aiana ia iiaeao neoaeeoue iiaiaeii aeey oiai, /oiau iieaaaoueny a
oi?aaeaiee ath, eeai eneeth/eoaeueii ia eiooeoeeth, eeai eniieueciaaoue
a ea/anoaa aaeeinoaaiiie aacu ioeaiee ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe iaaaeaeaaoiua ae
iieacaoaee. Ii?in 400 iaiaaeaea?ia, caiyouo a noa?a IEIE? e
i?aaenoaaeyaoeo 40 io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, iieacae, /oi iaeiei ec
iaeaieaa oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo iieacaoaeae, eniieuecoaiuo aeey ioeaiee
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe enneaaeiaaiee e ?ac?aaioie, yaeythony “aeinoeaeaiea
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee” e “i?ioeaio ?aaio, i?eiyouo e iaeia?aiiuo oe?iie”.
Yoe iieacaoaee a ni/aoaiee n iieacaoaeyie yooaeoeaiinoe auiieiaiey ?aaio
iicaieytho onoaiiaeoue, /oi i?iaaaeaiea IEIE? ia oieueei yooaeoeaii naii
ii naaa, ii e iieacii aeey i?aaiecaoeee.

Ia aoi?ii yoaia n?aaiaiey iieacaoaeae ooieoeeiie?iaaiey n caaeaiiuie
noaiaea?oaie ii?aaeaeyaony ianooaa aeiionoeiuo ioeeiiaiee. Ia yoii yoaia
iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai ii?aaeaeeoue, ianeieueei aeinoeaiooua ?acoeueoaou
niioaaonoaotho aai iaeeaeaieyi. I?e yoii ii eee iia i?eieiatho e aua
iaeii i/aiue aaaeiia ?aoaiea: ia neieueei aeiionoeiu eee ioiineoaeueii
aaciianiu iaia?oaeaiiua ioeeiiaiey io noaiaea?oia. Ia yoie, aoi?ie
noaaeee i?ioeaaeo?u eiio?iey aeaaony ioeaiea, eioi?ay neoaeeo iniiaie
aeey ?aoaiey i ia/aea aeaenoaee. Aeayoaeueiinoue, inouanoaeyaiay ia yoie
noaaeee eiio?iey, ca/anooth yaeyaony iaeaieaa caiaoiie /anoueth anae
nenoaiu eiio?iey. Yoa aeayoaeueiinoue caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee
ianooaaa ioeeiiaiee, ecia?aiee ?acoeueoaoia, ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee e aa
ioeaiea (i?ee. 4).

Iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe aeatho /aoeoth e ynioth oeaeue aeey
iai?aaeaiey oneeee /eaiia i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeiaei, ca eneeth/aieai ?yaea
niaoeeaeueiuo neo/aaa, i?aaiecaoeeyi ?aaeei auaaao iaiaoiaeeii ie ia
eioo ia ioeeiiyoueny io iinoaaeaiiie oeaee. Ia naiii aeaea, iaeia ec
oa?aeoa?iuo /a?o oi?ioaai noaiaea?oa nenoaiu eiio?iey ninoieo a oii, /oi
a iai niaea?aeaony ?aaeenoe/iua aeiionee ia?aiao?ia oeaee. Ii?aaeaeaiea
ianooaaia aeiionoeiuo ioeeiiaiee – aii?in ea?aeeiaeueii aaaeiue. Anee
acyo neeoeii aieueoie ianooaa, oi aicieeathuea i?iaeaiu iiaoo i?eia?anoe
a?iciia i/a?oaiey. Ii, anee ianooaa acyo neeoeii iaeaiueeei, oi
i?aaiecaoeey aoaeao ?aaae?iaaoue ia i/aiue iaaieueoea ioeeiiaiey, /oi
aanueia ?aci?eoaeueii e o?aaoao iiiai a?aiaie. Oaeay nenoaia eiio?iey
iiaeao ia?aeeciaaoue e aeaci?aaieciaaoue ?aaioo i?aaiecaoeee e aoaeao
nei?aa i?aiyonoaiaaoue, /ai iiiiaaoue aeinoeaeaieth oeaee i?aaiecaoeee.
A iiaeiaiuo neooaoeeyo aeinoeaaaony aunieay noaiaiue eiio?iey, ii
i?ioeann eiio?iey noaiiaeony iayooaeoeaiui. Oeie/iui i?eia?ii iiaeiaiiai
?iaea iiaeao neoaeeoue ethaay neooaoeey, i?e eioi?ie iaiaoiaeeii i?ieoe
/a?ac iiiaeanoai ath?ie?aoe/aneeo eniuoaiee, /oiau iieo/eoue ?ac?aoaiea
ia /oi-eeai.

Aeey oiai, /oiau auoue yooaeoeaiui, eiio?ieue aeieaeai auoue yeiiiiiui.
I?aeiouanoai nenoaiu eiio?iey aeieaeiu ia?aaaoeaaoue cao?aou ia aa
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea. Cao?aou ia nenoaio eiio?iey ninoiyo ec cao?ao
a?aiaie, ?anoiaeoaiiai iaiaaeaea?ii e ae?oaeie ?aaioieeaie ia nai?,
ia?aaea/o e aiaeec eioi?iaoeee, a oaeaea ec cao?ao ia ana aeaeu
iai?oaeiaaiey, eniieuecoaiiai aeey inouanoaeaiey eiio?iey e cao?ao ia
o?aiaiea, ia?aaea/o e iiene eioi?iaoeee, naycaii n aii?inaie eiio?iey. A
eiiia?/aneie i?aaiecaoeee, anee i?eaueue, aicieeathuay i?e inouanoaeaiee
eiio?iey iaiueoa cao?ao ia iaai, oi oaeie eiio?ieue iayeiiiie/ai e
iai?iaeoeoeaai. Iaeei ec niiniaia aiciiaeiiai oaaee/aiey yeiiiie/aneie
yooaeoeaiinoe eiio?iey ninoieo a eniieueciaaiee iaoiaea oi?aaeaiey ii
i?eioeeio eneeth/aiey. Yoio iaoiae ninoieo a oii, /oi nenoaia eiio?iey
aeieaeia n?aaaouaaoue oieueei i?e iaee/ee caiaoiuo ioeeiiaiee e
noaiaea?oia. ?acaeaay yoio i?eioeei, ioiaoei, /oi oa aeaenoaey, eioi?ua
ecia/aeueii eiatho niaa?oaiii o?eaeaeueiue oa?aeoa?, ia neaaeoao aeaaea
e ecia?youe.

Iniiaiay i?iaeaia, eiia/ii, ninoieo a oii, /oiau ii?aaeaeeoue
ii-ianoiyuaio aaaeiua ioeeiiaiey.

Ecia?aiea ?acoeueoaoia, iicaieythueo onoaiiaeoue ianeieueei oaeaeinue
niaethnoe onoaiiaeaiiua noaiaea?ou, – yoi naiue o?oaeiue e naiue
aei?iainoiyuee yeaiaio eiio?iey. Aeey oiai /oiau auoue yooaeoeaiie,
nenoaia ecia?aiey aeieaeia niioaaonoaiaaoue oiio aeaeo aeayoaeueiinoe,
eioi?ue iiaeaa?aaaony eiio?ieth. Aia/aea iaiaoiaeeii aua?aoue aaeeieoeo
ecia?aiey, i?e/ai oaeoth, eioi?oth iiaeii i?aia?aciaaoue a oa aaeeieoeu,
a eioi?uo au?aaeai noaiaea?o. Oae, anee onoaiiaeaiiue noaiaea?o – yoi
i?eaueue, oi ecia?aiea neaaeoao aanoe a ?oaeyo eee a i?ioeaioao, a
caaeneiinoe io oi?iu au?aaeaiey noaiaea?oia. Anee eiio?iee?oaony
iao/anoea a aieiniaaiee eee oaieueiaiey n ?aaiou, oi ecia?aiea aeieaeii
aanoenue a i?ioeaioao. A ea/anoaa iauaai i?aaeea iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi
noaiaea?o a niaoeeoe/aneie oi?ia i?aaeii?aaeaeyao oa aaee/eiu, eioi?ua
aiineaaenoaee aeieaeiu auoue ecia?aiu.

Auai? iiaeoiaeyuae aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey – yoi ca/anooth iaeaieaa eaaeay
/anoue i?iaaaeaiey eiio?ieueiuo ecia?aiee, iaania/eaathueo, eae a
eiia/iii n/aoa e aanue eiio?ieue, aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.
Aaaeii, /oiau nei?inoue, /anoioa e oi/iinoue ecia?aiee oiaea auee
niaeaniaaiu n aeayoaeueiinoueth, iiaeeaaeauae eiio?ieth.

?ani?ino?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee ea?aao eeth/aaoth ?ieue a iaania/aiee
yooaeoeaiinoe eiio?iey. Aeey oiai, /oiau nenoaia eiio?iey aeaenoaiaaea
yooaeoeaii, iaiaoiaeeii iaycaoaeueii aeiaiaeeoue aei naaaeaiey
niioaaonoaothueo ?aaioieeia i?aaiecaoeee eae onoaiiaeaiiua noaiaea?ou,
oae e aeinoeaiooua ?acoeueoaou. Iiaeiaiay eioi?iaoeey aeieaeia auoue
oi/iie, iinooiaoue aia?aiy e aeiaiaeeoueny aei naaaeaiey ioaaonoaaiiuo
ca niioaaonoaothuee o/anoie ?aaioieea a aeaea, eaaei iicaieythuai
i?eiyoue iaiaoiaeeiua ?aoaiey e aeaenoaey. AEaeaoaeueii oaeaea auoue
iieiinoueth oaa?aiiui, /oi onoaiiaeaiiua noaiaea?ou oi?ioi iiiyou
nio?oaeieeaie. Yoi icia/aao, /oi aeieaeia auoue iaania/aia yooaeoeaiay
naycue iaaeaeo oaie, eoi onoaiaaeeaaao noaiaea?ou, e oaie, eoi aeieaeai
eo auiieiyoue.

Iniiaiua o?oaeiinoe, aicieeathuea ia iooe nai?a e ?ani?ino?aiaiey
eiie?aoiie eioi?iaoeee, naycaiu n ?acee/iuie eiiioieeaoeaiuie
i?iaeaiaie. A oi a?aiy, eae /anoue aeaiiuo niae?aaony e ia?aaaouaaaony
aaoiiaoece?iaaii, aieueoay /anoue eioi?iaoeee aeieaeia auoue ia?aaioaia
/aeiaaeii. I?enoonoaea /aeiaaea a yoie oeaii/ea nii?yaeaii n aiciiaeiui
eneaaeaieai eioi?iaoeee, ia iniiaa eioi?ie aeieaeiu i?eieiaoueny ?aoaiey
a iaeanoe eiio?iey. Eneaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee iiaoo nua?aoue i/aiue
cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iaecaaaeiu noauaeoeaiua
ioeaiee.

O/anoea nio?oaeieeia i?aaiecaoeee a i?ioeaaeo?a eiio?iey iiaeao auoue
aiieia yooaeoeaiui e ia naiuo ieaeieo o?iaiyo oi?aaeaiey. Eiiaaea
iniaaiii aaaeii iaania/eoue oaeoe/aneia o/anoea iiae/eiaiiuo a
?ac?aaioea noaiaea?oia, oioy yoi iau/ii yaeyaony i?a?iaaoeaie
iaiaaeaea?a. Iaania/aiea o/anoey oe?ieiai e?oaa nio?oaeieeia a au?aaioea
?aoaiee e onoaiiaea oeaeae i?e oi?ie?iaaiee athaeaeaoa niinianoaiaaei
aieaa eioaineaiiio aiaea/aieth nio?oaeieeia a aeayoaeueiinoue yoie
i?aaiecaoeee e no?aieaieth eieeaeoeaa aeinoe/ue iaueo oeaeae
i?aaiecaoeee.

Caeeth/eoaeueiay noaaeey yoaia niiinoaaeaiey caeeth/aaony a ioeaiea
eioi?iaoeee i iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoao. Iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai ?aoeoue, oa
ee , /oi ioaeii, eioi?iaoeey iieo/aia, e aaaeia ee iia. Aaaeiay
eioi?iaoeey – yoi oaeay eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay aaeaeaaoii iienuaaao
enneaaeoaiia yaeaiea e nouanoaaiii iaiaoiaeeia aeey i?eiyoey
i?aaeeueiiai ?aoaiey.

Eiiaaea ioeaiea eioi?iaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony iieeoeeie i?aaiecaoeee. Ai
iiiaeo neo/ayo ia?ie iiaeao neoaeeoue ianooaa aeiionoeiuo ioeeiiaiee.
Ca/anooth, iaeiaei, iaiaaeaea?u aeieaeiu aeaaaoue ee/iua ioeaiee e
eioa?i?aoe?iaaoue cia/eiinoue iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee e onoaiaaeeaaoue
ei??aeyoeeth caieaie?iaaiiuo e oaeoe/anee aeinoeaioouo ?acoeueoaoia. I?e
yoii iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai i?eieiaoue a ?an/ao ?ene e ae?oaea oaeoi?u,
ii?aaeaeythuea auai? oiai eee eiiai ?aoaiey. Oeaeue yoie ioeaiee ninoieo
a oii, /oiau i?eiyoue ?aoaiea – iaiaoiaeeii ee aeaenoaiaaoue, e anee
aea, oi eae.

Iinea auianaiey ioeaiee i?ioeann eiio?iey ia?aoiaeeo ia o?aoee yoai.
Iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai aua?aoue iaeio ec o?ao eeiee iiaaaeaiey: ie/aai ia
i?aaei?eieiaoue, onoaiiaeoue ioeeiiaiey eee ia?aniio?aoue noaiaea?o
(i?ee. 5).

Iniiaiay oeaeue eiio?iey ninoieo a oii, /oiau aeiaeoueny oaeiai
iieiaeaiey, i?e eioi?ii i?ioeann oi?aaeaiey i?aaiecaoeeae
aeaenoaeoaeueii canoaaeye au aa ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a niioaaonoaee n
ieaiii.

Nenoaia eiio?iey, eioi?ay ia iicaieyao ono?aieoue na?ueaciua ioeeiiaiey
i?aaeaea, /ai iie ia?a?anooo a e?oiiua i?iaeaiu, aanniuneaiia.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi i?iaiaeeiay ei??aeoe?iaea aeieaeia eiioeaio?e?iaaoueny
ia ono?aiaiee ianoiyuae i?e/eiu ioeeiiaiey. A eaeaaea noaaeey ecia?aiey
aeieaeia iieacuaaoue ianooaa ioeeiiaiey io noaiaea?oa e oi/ii oeacuaaoue
aai i?e/eio. Yoi nii?yaeaii n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth yooaeoeaiie i?ioeaaeo?u
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee. Iineieueeo, iaeiaei, aieueoay /anoue ?aaiou a
i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii iauaaeeiaiiuo oneeee a?oii ethaeae,
oi aaniethoii oi/ii ii?aaeaeeoue ei?ie oie eee eiie i?iaeaiu ia anaaaea
i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui. Niune ei??aeoe?iaee ai anao neo/ayo ninoieo
a oii, /oiau iiiyoue i?e/eiu ioeeiiaiey e aeiaeoueny aica?auaiey
i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaeeueiiio ia?aco aeaenoaee.

Inouanoaeaiea ei??aeoe?iaee iiaeao auoue aeinoeaiooi iooai oeo/oaiey
cia/aiey eaeeo-eeai aioo?aiieo ia?aiaiiuo oaeoi?ia aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee,
oniaa?oainoaiaaiea ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey eee oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia.

Aaaeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi i?e/eiu aicieeathueo i?iaeai iiaeao auoue
ethaay ia?aiaiiay aaee/eia e /oi aeeaae a ioeeiiaiey iieo/aiiuo
?acoeueoaoia io aeaeaaiuo iiaeao aeaaaoue ni/aoaiey ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia.
Anoanoaaiii iiyoiio iaiaaeaea? ia iiaeao aua?aoue eaeia-oi iaeii
ei??aeoe?othuaa aeaenoaea oieueei iioiio, /oi iii ?aoaao oieueei /oi
aicieeooth i?iaeaio. I?aaeaea, /ai aua?aoue ei??aeoe?othuaa aeaenoaea,
iaiaoiaeeii acaaneoue ana eiathuea ioiioaiea e aeaiiie i?iaeaia,
aioo?aiiea ia?aiaiiua e eo acaeiinayce. Iineieueeo ana iiae?acaeaeaiey
i?aaiecaoeee oae eee eia/a naycaiu iaaeaeo niaie, ethaia e?oiiia
eciaiaiea a iaeiii ec ieo cao?iiao anth i?aaiecaoeeth. Aio ii/aio
iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai aia/aea oaaaeeoueny, /oi i?aaei?eieiaaiia ei
ei??aeoe?othuaa aeaenoaea ia nicaeano aeiiieieoaeueiuo o?oaeiinoae, ii
iiiiaeao eo ?ac?aoeoue. E?iia oiai, oioy a?aiaiaie yoi iiaeao auoue
i/aiue o?oaeii, iiuoiue iaiaaeaea? noa?aaony ecaaaaoue ?aoaiee, eioi?ua
a e?aoein?i/iii ieaia noeyo i?aeiouanoaa, iaeiaei, a aeieain?i/iii
aeaeoo ca niaie aieueoea cao?aou.

Iiaaaeai/aneea aniaeou eiio?iey.

Ethaee yaeythony iaiouaieaiui yeaiaioii eiio?iey, eae, ai?i/ai, e anao
ae?oaeo noaaeee oi?aaeaiey. Iiyoiio i?e ?ac?aaioea i?ioeaaeo?u eiio?iey
iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea iiaaaeaiea ethaeae.

Eiia/ii, oi ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi eiio?ieue ieacuaaao neeueiia e
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia iiaaaeaiea, ia aeieaeii aucuaaoue
ieeaeiai oaeeaeaiey. Iaiaaeaea?u /anoi iaia?aiii aeaeatho i?ioeann
eiio?iey ia?i/eoi aeaeeiui, /oiau ieacaoue aicaeaenoaea ia iiaaaeaiea
nio?oaeieeia e canoaaeoue eo iai?aaeoue naie oneeey ia aeinoeaeaiea
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee.

E niaeaeaieth, oioy aieueoeinoai iaiaaeaea?ia oi?ioi ciatho i oii, /oi
i?ioeann eiio?iey iiaeao auoue eniieueciaai aeey ieacaiey
iieiaeeoaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ia iiaaaeaiea nio?oaeieeia, iaeioi?ua
caauaatho i aiciiaeiinoyo eiio?iey aucuaaoue iai?aaeiaia?aiiua n?uau a
iiaaaeaiee ethaeae. Yoe iaaaoeaiua yaeaiey /anoi yaeythony iiai/iuie
?acoeueoaoaie iaaeyaeiinoe aeaenoaey nenoaiu eiio?iey.

Nio?oaeieee i?aaiecaoeee iau/ii ciatho, /oi aeey ioeaiee
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe eo aeayoaeueiinoe ?oeiaiaenoai i?eiaiyao ?acee/iua
iaoiaeu eiio?iey. Iie ciatho, /oi eo ioeaee e aeinoeaeaiey a oao
iaeanoyo, aaea ?oeiaiaenoai onoaiiaeei noaiaea?ou e iaeaieaa
iineaaeiaaoaeueii auiieiyao i?ioeaaeo?o eiio?iey. Iineoaeeo ni anae
i/aaeaeiinoueth iniiaaieai aeey ?ani?aaeaeaiey aiciaa?aaeaeaiee e
iaeacaiee. Iiyoiio, anee neacaoue, /oi iiae/eiaiiua iau/ii aeaeatho oi,
/oi ia/aeuenoai oi/ao oaeaeaoue io ieo i?e i?iaa?ea, aoaeao /aua anaai
i?aaaeie.

Eiio?ieue /anoi ieacuaaao neeueiia aeeyiea ia iiaaaeaiea nenoaiu.
Iaoaea/ii ni?iaeoe?iaaiiua nenoaiu eiio?iey iiaoo naeaeaoue iiaaaeaiea
?aaioieeia i?eaioe?iaaiiui ia ieo, o.a. ethaee aoaeoo no?aieoueny e
oaeiaeaoai?aieth o?aaiaaiee eiio?iey, a ia e aeinoeaeaieth iinoaaeaiiuo
oeaeae. Oaeea aicaeaenoaey iiaoo oaeaea i?eaanoe e auaea/a iaaa?iie
eioi?iaoeee.

I?iaeai, aicieeathueo aneaaenoaea aicaeaenoaey nenoaiu eiio?iey, iiaeii
ecaaaeaoue, caaeaaay iniuneaiiua i?eaieaiua noaiaea?ou eiio?iey,
onoaiaaeeaay aeaonoi?iiithth naycue, caaeaaay iai?yaeaiiua, ii
aeinoeaeeiua noaiaea?ou eiio?iey, ecaaaay eceeoiaai eiio?iey, a oaeaea
aiciaa?aaeaeay ca aeinoeaeaiea caaeaiiuo noaiaea?oia eiio?iey.

2.2.Eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeythuea nenoaiu a eiio?iea.

N?aaee ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey iaeaieaa yaii acaeiinaycaiu iaaeaeo niaie
ooieoeee ieaie?iaaiey e eiio?iey. Aeey ieaie?iaaiey e eiio?iey
iaiaoiaeeia naiaa?aiaiiay, eiie?aoiay, oi/iay eioi?iaoeey, yooaeoeaiay
ii ioiioaieth e cao?aoai ia aa iieo/aiea.

Aieueoay /anoue eioi?iaoeee, ia iniiaaiee eioi?ie aaeaaeiaaii
i?eieiathony ?aoaiey, iieo/aaony iaoi?iaeueiui iooai. Oi?aaeythuee
iauaaony n iiae/eiaiiuie, ?acaiaa?eaaao n eieeaaaie e eeeaioaie, /eoaao
aacaou e ia?eiaee/aneea ecaeaiey. Ec yoeo enoi/ieeia ii ociaao iiiai
iieaciiai, ii yoie eioi?iaoeee ia aeinoaoi/ii aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee ii
oi?aaeaieth aeaeaie aeaaea iaeaiueeie i?aaiecaoeee. Eiee/anoai
eioi?iaoeee, iiyaeythuaeny a ?acoeueoaoa aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e
eiathuae aeeyiea ia oniao aaaeaiey aeae, a oaeaea nei?inoue, n eioi?ie
yoa eioi?iaoeey eciaiyaony, aeaeaao iaiaoiaeeiui aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa
iaiaoiaeeiui i?eiaiaiea oi?iaeueiuo iaoiaeia nai?a e ia?aaioee
eioi?iaoeee.

Eiee/anoai eioi?iaoeee e aicieeathuea i?e oi?aaeaiee i?iaeaiu caiaoii
oaaee/eaathony n ?inoii ?acia?ia i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeiaei aeaaea
ioiineoaeueii iaeaiueeay i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia ia?a?aaaouaaoue ai?acaei
aieueoee iauai eioi?iaoeee, /ai yoi iau/ii eaaeaony. Oe?ia iiaeao eiaoue
aeaei n nioiyie ?acee/iuo iinoaaueeia e io?aaaouaaoue ouny/e caeacia a
aiae. Oaeouea eiaaioa?iua aaaeiiinoe iiaoo niaea?aeaoue ianeieueei nio
?acee/iuo aeaeia oiaa?ia, i?e/ai eiee/anoai eaaeaeiai oiaa?a iiaeao
iinoiyiii eciaiyoueny e aeieaeii eiio?iee?iaaoueny. E?iia oiai,
aaeaaiaeii n eeeaioaie caeeth/athony aeanyoee ouny/ naeaeie, a
?acoeueoaoa /aai eciaiyaony aaee/eia oiaa?iuo caiania e iaee/iuo aeaiaa.
Eiaaony e?iia yoiai eioi?iaoeey i aiaoiae n?aaea i?aaei?eyoey: yoi
caeiiu, oi?aiaua i?aaeea, i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua aeieoiaiou, aeaenoaey
eiieo?aioia e o. ae. Oaeei ia?acii, aaeieieno?aoeey aeaaea iaaieueoie
oe?iu aeieaeia ia?a?aaaouaaoue aieaa ieeeeiia aaeeieoe eioi?iaoeee a
aiae. Iioie aea eioi?iaoeee a aeaenoaeoaeueii aieueoie i?aaiecaoeee n
aieueoei eiee/anoaii neoaeaueo, ouny/aie ?acee/iuo oiaa?ia e ia?iiiuie
iai?ioiuie oiiaeaie oaea yaeyaony iaiinoeaeeiui.

Oi iiiaeanoai eiie?aoiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, i eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeia
eioi?iaoeey, yaeyaony eeoue aa?oooeie aenaa?aa. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa
caeanue i?iaeai ia aicieeaao. Ianoiyuea o?oaeiinoe iiyaeythony i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe neaaeeoue ca eciaiaieyie neooaoeee. ?ano?nu ethaie
i?aaiecaoeee iinoiyiii iaoiaeyony a ninoiyiee aeaeaeaiey. A ethaie
iiiaio a?aiaie a iaee/ee eiaaony aieueoaa eee iaiueoaa eiee/anoai
oiaa?iuo caiania, iaee/iuo aeaiaa, i?eoiaeiuo e ?anoiaeiuo n/aoia.
I?aaiecaoeey oaieueiyao ?aaioieeia e iaieiaao iiauo. Inaiaiea iiaie
oaoiieiaee iiaeao i?eaanoe e eciaiaieth nei?inoe, n eioi?ie iio?aaeyaony
nu?uea e auioneaaony aiaeiaay i?iaeoeoeey. Anee e aiaoiyy n?aaea
eciai/eaa, oi aeeciaiii aaaeiua aeey i?aaiecaoeee niauoey iiaoo
i?ienoiaeeoue n ioaeiieythuae nei?inoueth. E anee aaeieieno?aoeey
aia?aiy ia aoaeao iieo/aoue eioi?iaoeeth ia yoeo eciaiaieyo,
iineaaenoaey iiaoo auoue i?inoi aeaaeueiuie.

Ni?aaeoueny n yoei iioieii eioi?iaoeee oae, /oiau aaeieieno?aoeey iiaea
i?eieiaoue yooaeoeaiua ?aoaiey e oniaoii aanoe aeaea i?aaiecaoeee, – a
yoii e ninoieo oeaeue eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeythuae nenoaiu.

2.3. No?aoaae/aneee eiio?ieue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey oe?iu

Iianaaeiaaiue, iineaaeiaaoaeueiue, aeoaieee eiio?ieue ca ?aaioie
eaaeaeiai nio?oaeieea i?aaei?eyoey e anae eiiaiaeu a oeaeii yaeyaony
aaaeiie ooieoeeae oi?aaeaiey a ethaie i?aaiecaoeee, iacaaeneii io oi?i
nianoaaiiinoe. Aac iaeaaeaiiiai eiio?iey iaaiciiaeii aeiaeoueny
neii?aeeie?iaaiiuo aeaenoaee eieeaeoeaa a ?aaeecaoeee iennee oe?iu e aa
ia?niaeoeaiie i?ia?aiiu, i?aaiecaoeee /aoeiai acaeiiaeaenoaey anao
?aaioieeia.

Iiaaaeaiea ethaeae, anoanoaaiii, ia aaeeinoaaiiue oaeoi?, ii?aaeaeythuee
yooaeoeaiinoue eiio?iey. Aeey oiai /oiau eiio?ieue iia auiieieoue naith
enoeiioth caaea/o, o.a. iaania/eoue aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee, ii
aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue ianeieueeeie aaaeiuie naienoaaie.

Eiio?ieue yaeyaony yooaeoeaiui, anee ii eiaao no?aoaae/aneee oa?aeoa?,
iaoeaeai ia aeinoeaeaiea eiie?aoiuo ?acoeueoaoia, naiaa?aiaiai, aeaie,
i?ino e yeiiiie/ai.

Anee o iiae/eiaiiiai aicieeatho eaeea-eeai i?iaeaiu n nenoaiie eiio?iey,
oi o iaai aeieaeia auoue aiciiaeiinoue ioe?uoi ianoaeeoue eo, ia
iianaynue, /oi ?oeiaiaenoai iaeaeeony ia yoi. Ethaie ?oeiaiaeeoaeue,
inouanoaeythuee eiio?ieue a i?aaiecaoeee, aeieaeai ioe?iaaiii ianoaeeoue
ni naieie iiae/eiaiiuie, eaeea cia/aiey iaeeaeaaiuo ?acoeueoaoia aoaeoo
i?eiaiyoueny a ea/anoaa noaiaea?oia a eaaeaeie iaeanoe eiio?iey.
Iiaeiaiia iauaiea aeieaeii oaaee/eoue aa?iyoiinoue oiai, /oi ?aaioieee
oi/ii iieioo enoeiioth oeaeue eiio?iey e iiiiaoo onoaiiaeoue ne?uoua
oiouaiey a nenoaia eiio?iey, iai/aaeaeiia aeey aa nicaeaoaeae ec aunoaai
?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu.

?oeiaiaenoai ia aeieaeii ia?aa?oaeaoue naieo iiae/eiaiiuo
iiiai/eneaiiuie oi?iaie eiio?iey, eia/a yoi aoaeao iiaeiuaoue ana eo
aieiaiea, e i?eaaaeao e iieiiio aanii?yaeeo e e?aoo. E?iia oiai,
eiio?iea?u-?oeiaiaeeoaee ia aeieaeiu i?iaa?youe ?aaioo /aua e
ouaoaeueiaa, /ai yoi iaiaoiaeeii. Eia/a, ii iiiyoiui i?e/eiai, yoi
iiaeao i?inoi ?acae?aaeaoue.

I?e ?ac?aaioea ia? eiio?iey aaaeii i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea iioeaaoeeth.
*aoeee e yniue noaiaea?o /anoi nicaeaao iioeaaoeeth oaea oai, /oi oi/ii
aiai?eo ?aaioieeai, /aai aea aeaeao io ieo i?aaiecaoeey. Iaeiaei
niaeanii iioeaaoeeiiiie oai?ee iaeeaeaiey, iiaeii iioeae?iaaoue ethaeae
ia ?aaioo aeey aeinoeaeaiey oieueei oao oeaeae, eioi?ua iie neeiiiu
n/eoaoue ?aaeueiuie. Oaeei ia?acii, anee noaiaea?o aini?eieiaaony eae
ia?aaeueiue eee iani?aaaaeeeai aunieee, oi ii iiaeao ?ac?ooeoue iioeau
?aaioieeia. Aiaeiae/ii, anee noaiaea?o onoaiiaeai ia noieue ieceii
o?iaia, /oi aeinoe/ue aai ia ninoaaeyao ieeaeiai o?oaea, yoi
ianoiyoaeuenoai iiaeao ieacuaaoue aeaiioeae?othuaa aicaeaenoaea ia
ethaeae n aunieei o?iaiai iio?aaiinoae a aeinoeaeaiee aunieeo
?acoeueoaoia. Oi?ioee iaiaaeaea? /oanoaoao ?acieoeo a iio?aaiinoyo e
aiciiaeiinoyo iiae/eiaiiuo e onoaiaaeeaaao noaiaea?ou n o/aoii yoeo
?acee/ee.

Anee ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiecaoeee oi/ao, /oiau nio?oaeieee auee
iioeae?iaaiu ia iieioth naiiioaea/o a eioa?anao i?aaiecaoeee, iii
aeieaeii ni?aaaaeeeai aiciaa?aaeaeaoue eo ca aeinoeaeaiea onoaiiaeaiiuo
noaiaea?oia ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe. Niaeanii oai?ee iaeeaeaiey nouanoaoao
/aoeay acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo ?acoeueoaoeaiinoueth e aiciaa?aaeaeaieai.
Anee ?aaioieee ia iuouatho oaeie nayce eee /oanoaotho, /oi
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea iani?aaaaeeeai, oi eo i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue a aoaeouai
iiaeao oianoue.

Ia i?aaei?eyoee eiio?ieueiua ooieoeee inouanoaeytho ?oeiaiaeeoaee
?acee/iuo o?iaiae.

Iai?eia?, a CAI “Niaoeno?ieoaeue” (caieiaaony no?ieoaeuenoaii aeeeiai
oiiaea) eiio?ieue ca ?aai/eie inouanoaeyao ianoa?, eiio?ieue ca ?aaioie
ianoa?ia – i?i?aa. Ca niaethaeaieai i?aaee oaoieee aaciianiinoe
neaaeeo eiaeaia? ii oaoieea aaciianiinoe. Iaania/aiea iauaeoia
yia?ai?ano?naie eiio?iee?oao aeaaiue yia?aaoee. Eiio?ieue ca
oeiainiauie ?acoeueoaoaie i?aaei?eyoey inouanoaeyaony aeaaiui
aooaaeoa?ii.

No?oeooa CAI “Niaoeno?ieoaeue” iieacaia a i?eeiaeaiee 7.

Aeaaa 3. Eiio?ieeeia

3.1. Iiiyoea eiio?ieeeiaa

Aeey oiai, /oiau i?aaei?eyoea eiaei aiciiaeiinoue aeiaeoueny e?oiiuo
oniaoia e i?eciaiey ia ?uiea, iaiaoiaeeii aiaae?youe a i?aeoeeo iaeaieaa
ia?aaeiaua, i?ia?anneaiua iaoiaeu ?aaiou. E /eneo oaeeo eiiiaaoeee
neaaeoao ioianoe i?aeoeeo aiaae?aiey eiio?ieeeiaa.

Eiio?ieeeia aunooiaao eae nenoaia iaania/aiey auaeeaaaiinoe oe?iu a
e?aoein?i/iii ieaia, iaoeaeaiiay ia iioeiecaoeeth i?eauee, a
aeieain?i/iii – ia iiaeaea?aeaiea aa?iiie/iuo ioiioaiee n ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeie. Iiyaeaiea eiio?ieeeiaa naycaii n oneiaeiaieai neooaoeee ia
?uiea, oneeaieai eiieo?aioeee, iaiaoiaeeiinoueth o/aoa nioeeaeueiuo e
yeiiiie/aneeo oaeoi?ia. Eiio?ieeeia – niaieoiiinoue iaoiaeia
iia?aoeaiiai e no?aoaae/aneiai iaiaaeaeiaioa, o/aoa, ieaie?iaaiey,
aiaeeca e eiio?iey ia ea/anoaaiii iiaii yoaia ?acaeoey ?uiea, aaeeiay
nenoaia iai?aaeaiey ia aeinoeaeaiea no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae eiiiaiee.

Iniiaiay eiioeaioeey eiio?ieeeiaa aeeth/aao:

1.Ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae. A iniiaa eiio?ieeeiaa eaaeeo no?aoaae/aneia
ieaie?iaaiea, i?aaeaeaeaiea ?aaeueiiai iieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea
ia ia?niaeoeao, niaeaniaaiea iia?aoeaiiai e no?aoaae/aneiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa. Iaiaaeaea? iaycai:

ii?aaeaeeoue oeeinioeth oe?iu, aa eieaeae, ienneth;

onoaiiaeoue eiie?aoiua oeaee, ea/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee (aeioiaeu ia
eiaanoe?iaaiiue eaieoae, iaee/iua aeaiueae, enoi/ieee iie?uoey).

Eiie?aoecaoeey oeaeae eiio?ieeeiaa iicaieyao ooi/ieoue anth
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia ia?niaeoeao, onoaiiaeoue aoaeouea
eciaiaiey aai ianoiyoaeuenoa ia?aae ia?oia?ii, nio?oaeieeii, eiaanoi?ii
e oi?i/iaiea eeeaeaeiinoe, aeiaeoueny auiieiaiey caieaie?iaaiiuo
iieacaoaeae. Iia?aoeaiue eiio?ieeeia iaiaoiaeei aeey o?ainoi?iaoeee
no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey a iia?aoeaioth i?ia?aiio aeaenoaey.

1.Oi?aaeaiea oeaeyie – yoi:

iiene “oceeo iano” a ?aaioa oe?iu;

aiaeec ioeeiiaiee io iaia/aiiie no?aoaae/aneie i?ia?aiiu;

Nenoaia eiio?ieeeiaa eioaa?e?oao o/ao, ieaie?iaaiea, ia?eaoeia a
aaeeioth naiioi?aaeyaioth nenoaio. A iae /aoei ii?aaeaeythony oeaee
oe?iu, i?eioeeiu oi?aaeaiey, niiniau eo ?aaeecaoeee. Eiio?ieeeia
iai?aaeai ia ono?aiaiea oceeo iano a ?aaioa eiiiaiee, i?eaioaoeeth ia
aoaeouaa a niioaaonoaee n oeene?iaaiiuie a aa iennee oeaeyie, ia
aeinoeaeaiea eiie?aoiuo ?acoeueoaoia aeciana n eiiieaeniui
eniieueciaaieai iaoiaeia iia?aoeaiiai e no?aoaae/aneiai iaiaaeaeiaioa

naiaa?aiaiiay ei??aeoe?iaea oeaeae a niioaaonoaee n eciaiaieyie ia
?uiea. Yoi aeaeaao eiio?ieea? (aai neoaeaa) ia iniiaa aiaeeca ieaiiauo e
oaeoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae, aeinoeaioouo ?acoeueoaoia a iia?aoeaiii e
no?aoaae/aneii ieaia.

2.Aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae iaania/eaaaony yooaeoeaiui iia?aoeaiui
iaiaaeaeiaioii, oi?ioae iioeaaoeeae o?oaea ?aaioieeia, ?ac?aaioeie e
aiaae?aieai eiiiaaoeee, ieaie?iaaieai, i?eaioe?iaaiiui ia aoaeouaa.

Eiio?ieeeia iiae?acaeaeyaony ia no?aoaae/aneee e oaoie/aneee
(iia?aoeaiue). A caaea/e iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieeeiaa aoiaeeo o/ao, aiaeec,
ieaie?iaaiea e oi?aaeaiea ?acoeueoaoaie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,
inouanoaeaiea eiio?iey, auyaeaiea e ono?aiaiea oaeoueo o?oaeiinoae,
niaa?oainoaiaaiea iioeaaoeee eieeaeoeaa aeey iiauoaiey ?acoeueoaoia
aeayoaeueiinoe. A aai ?aieao inouanoaeyaony iaeei ec iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia
?aoeeiiaeueiiai aaaeaiey aeaea – i?iaa?ea ?aaiou eaaeaeiai
iiae?acaeaeaiey ii niioiioaieth ” i?eaueue – cao?aou”. No?aoaae/aneee
eiio?ieeeia aeeth/aao a naay oi?ioee?iaeo oeaeae, oi?aaeaiea eie e
aeinoeaeaiea iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae.

Iniaia cia/aiea a eiio?ieeeiaa eiaao eniieueciaaiea iaoiaeia
athaeaeaoiiai eiio?iey. Iineieueeo a ?aieao iaiaaeaeiaioa niecia?aiea
eaaeaeiai ?uii/iiai aeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoey, ?aaioa ethaiai aai
iiae?acaeaeaiey ioeaieaaaony ii iieo/aiiie ii?ia i?eauee, oaeiai ?iaea
eiio?ieue iaiaoiaeei.

Iiae athaeaeaoii iiae?acoiaaatho ieaiu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia a aeaiaaeiii
au?aaeaiee. Neaaeai, oe?ia ieaie?oao ioe?uoue iiaue oeeeae. ?aaeecaoeey
iaia/aiiiai o?aaoao eceiaeaiey anao i?aaeiieaaaaiuo a yoie nayce
aeaenoaee a aeaiaaeiie oi?ia. Ii?aaeaeyaony, a /anoiinoe, aaee/eia
?anoiaeia ia iiiauaiey, /eneaiiinoue e cao?aou ia ia?niiae,
i?aaeiieaaaaiue aeioiae e o. ae. Eae ecaanoii, eaaeaeay eiiiaiey
ninoaaeyao naie athaeaeao a oeaeii, n ?acaeaeie aai ii ioaeaeueiui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi. Iiyoiio iaiaaeaea? iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue i?iaa?youe
athaeaeaou ?acee/iuo caaiueaa ia i?aaeiao eo niioaaonoaey iauae
no?aoaaee ?acaeoey. A ?aieao nenoaiu athaeaeaoiiai eiio?iey
niiinoaaeyaony ?aaeueiue o?iaaiue ecaea?aeae e ?acoeueoaoia n ieaiiaui.
Aa?oiee e ieaeiee i?aaeaeu ?anoiaeia e ae?oaeo iieacaoaeae
onoaiaaeeaathony aeey eiie?aoiuo eo aeaeia – ieeaae, ?anoiaeia ia
iao/aiea eaae?ia, ia iai?oaeiaaiea ioenia e o. ae. Athaeaeao iau/ii
ninoaaeyaony ia aiae, oaeoe/aneea ?anoiaeu n?aaieaathony n
onoaiiaeaiiuie a athaeaeaoa nenoaiaoe/anee, iau/ii ?ac a ianyoe.

Athaeaeaoiue eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony ii iyoe iniiaiui nooiaiyi:

iiaeaioiaea athaeaeaoa aeey eaaeaeiai iiae?acaeaeaiey e niaaeeiaiea
ioaeaeueiuo athaeaeaoia a iauee, /oi au?aaeaaony a i?iaiica i?eaueae e
oauoeia ii aaeaino;

oeene?iaaiea oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia e aeioiaeia ii athaeaeaoiui noaoueyi;

n?aaiaiea athaeaeaoiuo e ?aaeueiuo ?anoiaeia;

auyaeaiea i?e/ei ioeeiiaiey io onoaiiaeaiiuo a athaeaeaoa iieacaoaeae;

i?eiyoea yia?ae/iuo ia? aeey i?eaaaeaiea oaeoueo ?acoeueoaoia a
niioaaonoaea n athaeaeaoii.

Nenoaia athaeaeaoiiai eiio?iey aeieaeia:

anaoeaei iiaeaea?aeeaaoueny ?oeiaiaenoaii oe?iu;

eiaoue a ea/anoaa iniiaiiai i?eaioe?a oeaee e no?aoaaeth;

auoue naiaa?aiaiii iiaeaioiaeaia;

aeeth/aoue a naith i?aeoo iaiaaeaea?ia anao o?iaiae;

auoue aeaeie e eciaiyoueny a niioaaonoaee n oneiaeyie aiaoiae e
aioo?aiiae n?aaeu oe?iu;

auoue aeinooiiie e iiiyoiie aeey anao, eoi aa eniieuecoao.

Athaeaeaoiue eiio?ieue iaeaieaa yooaeoeaai, eiaaea athaeaeao
ninoaaeyaony iaiaaeaea?aie, ioaaonoaaiiuie ca eiio?ieue iaae ?anoiaeaie.
I?e niiinoaaeaiee ?aaeueiuo ?anoiaeia ii ethaie noaouea n athaeaeaoiuie,
i?aeoe/anee anaaaea eiatho ianoi ioeeiiaiey, iineieueeo athaeaeao
yaeyaony i?iaiice?oaiie aaee/eiie. Iacia/eoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea iau/ii
eaii?e?othony, ii eiaaea ioeeiiaiey i?aauoatho onoaiiaeaiiue o?iaaiue,
yoi noaiiaeony i?aaeiaoii aiaeeca. Athaeaeaoiue io/ao ninoaaeyaony
?aaoey?ii e niaea?aeeo niiinoaaeiua iieacaoaee ?aaeueiuo e athaeaeaoiuo
aaee/ei. I?e yoii io/ao ia neaaeoao ia?aa?oaeaoue eceeoiae eioi?iaoeeae.

Iau/ii iaeaieaa neiaeiui yaeyaony i?eiyoea ?aoaiee ii ono?aiaieth
auyaeaiiuo iaaeinoaoeia. Iineieueeo ninoaaeaiea athaeaeaoa i?aaeoanoaoao
ieaie?oaiiio ia?eiaeo, oi eciaiaiea aioo?e oe?iu e aeaeiaie n?aaeu, eae
i?aaeei, o?aaoao niioaaonoaothueo iii?aaie e iaio. Neaaeai,
iaiaeeaeaiiua e nouanoaaiiua eciaiaiey o?iaiy i?ioeaioiuo noaaie
(yaeaiea noieue oeie/iia aeey ?inneeneie i?aeoeee) aea/ao ca niaie
cia/eoaeueiua eciaiaiey a ?anoiaeao e aeioiaeao eiiiaiee. Anoanoaaiii,
/oi oaeiai ?iaea o?ainoi?iaoeee io?aaeathony a athaeaeaoa, eia/a
n?aaiaiea oaeoe/aneeo e athaeaeaoiuo aaee/ei aoaeao iaei??aeoii.
Athaeaeaou i?aaei?eyoee iau/ii i?iaa?ythony e ia?aniao?eaathony
aaeaeaa?oaeueii.

Iaiaaeaea?u i?ecaaiu ia?eiaee/anee ia?aniao?eaaoue athaeaeaoiua ieaiu e
iaoiaeu ?aaiou, auyaeyoue noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe n aunieeie ecaea?aeeaie.
A caaeneiinoe io ?iaea aeayoaeueiinoe oi?ie?othony e ooieoeeiiaeueiua
athaeaeaou: athaeaeaou ieacaiiuo oneoa, eaieoaeueiua athaeaeaou,
athaeaeaou iaee/iuo n?aaenoa e o. i.

3.2. Cia/aiea eiio?ieeeiaa a aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoee oe?iu

Aeey aiaae?aiey e iaania/aiey iaaeaaeiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu
eiio?ieeeiaa iaiaaeaea?o iaiaoiaeeia iinoiyiiay iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey
i ?aaeueiuo cao?aoao ia i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee, oneoa,
eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai eo aeaea, oi/iua eaeueeoeyoeee oneoa, a eioi?ua
aianaiu ana iaiin?aaenoaaiiua cao?aou ia eo iaania/aiea. Ioiaoei, /oi
o?aaeeoeeiiiia oeaiiia?aciaaiea, iie?athuaany ia eaeueeoeyoeeth iieiie
oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoa, nae/an ana aieaa iooiaeeo ia aoi?ie
ieai, a i?aiaeaaeaao ioeaiea, neieueei eeeaio oi/ao e iiaeao caieaoeoue
ca oiaa? eee oneoao. Iaiaaeaea? iaycaoaeueii iie?aaony ia ieaeiee
i?aaeae oeaiu, i?e eioi?ii ii?aaeaeythony cao?aou, ieieiaeueii
iaiaoiaeeiua aeey iie?uoey nianoaaiiuo cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai e
?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee. Eae ecaanoii, caiaaeiua oe?iu aaaeoo
oeiainiaoth aooaaeoa?eth, ?aaeaiaioe?oaioth ainoaea?noaii e
i?aaeiacia/aiioth aeey ainoaea?noaa, aaieia, eiaanoi?ia e e?aaeeoi?ia.
Aioo?aiiee o/ao (oi?aaeai/aneee, i?iecaiaenoaaiiue e o. ae.) iaiaoiaeei
aeey aieaa yooaeoeaiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa, oa?aeoa? eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyao
naii i?aaei?eyoea. A ?innee iiea eeoue oi?ie?oaony iniiaa aeey
eiio?ieeeiaa. Iaoeeiiaeueiua aooaaeoa?neea noaiaea?ou aua ia
?ac?aaioaiu, oioy ?inneeneea oe?iu iieo/eee ioiineoaeueioth
yeiiiie/aneoth naiaiaeo aeey i?aaiecaoeee aioo?aiiae aooaaeoa?ee. Oai ia
iaiaa, aeoaieia eco/aiea e aiaae?aiea eiio?ieeeiaa naaiaeiy iaiaoiaeeii
ii neaaeothuei niia?aaeaieyi:

1.Aiaeec aicieeathueo i?iaeai oi?aaeaiey ia Caiaaea, eo oaiaeaioeee
aaaeai, /oiau eneeth/eoue ioeaee i?e eniieueciaaiee eiio?ieeeiaa a
?innee, aia?aiy ioeaieoue aicieeathuea o?oaeiinoe e iaeoe iooe eo
ono?aiaiey;

2.I?eioeei eiio?ieeeiaa – naaiaeiy aiaae?youe oi, i /ai ae?oaea aoaeoo
aeoiaoue oieueei caao?a – iicaieyao eniieueciaaoue naiua nia?aiaiiua
iaoiaeu iaiaaeaeiaioa iaiiiai ?aiueoa eiieo?aioia;

3.Aiaae?aiea eiio?ieeeiaa – eneeth/eoaeueii yooaeoeaiue iaoiae ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaiaaiey, anee aai i?eiaiyoue n o/aoii eiie?aoiuo ?inneeneeo
oneiaee;

4.I?e i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee iniia eiio?ieeeiaa iaeeiaeiai aaaeiu ana
aai ninoaaeythuea (o/ao, aiaeec, ieaie?iaaiea, eiio?ieue, ia?eaoeia,
eioi?iaoeey) e eo aeoaieia ciaiea, /oiau a niaieoiiinoe, ai
acaeiiaeaenoaee iieo/eoue aunieee aeiiieieoaeueiue yooaeo;

5.Nia?aiaiiiio ?inneeneiio iaiaaeaeiaioo eae aicaeoo ioaeiu eiiiaaoeee,
eioi?ui eiio?ieeeia anaia?ii niinianoaoao;

6.Eiio?ieeeia – yoi ia?acaoe iuoeaiey iaiaaeaea?a, iaoeaeaiiue a
aoaeouaa. Iiyoiio ii aunooiaao iaeiie ec iniia no?aoaae/aneiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa e iicaieyao niecia?youe ethaua aeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoey
naaiaeiy n oi/ee c?aiey oiai, e /aio yoi i?eaaaeao caao?a. Eiio?ieeeia –
iaeia ec iniia aioee?eceniiai oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai.

Eiio?ieea? (ia iooaoue n eiio?iea?ii) aoiaeeo a /enei ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
eiiiaiee e iaeaaeaao iaiaoiaeeiie aeanoueth aeey auiieiaiey aiceiaeaiiuo
ia iaai ooieoeee. Eiio?ieea? iie?aaony ia a?oiio iaiin?aaenoaaiii
iiae/eiaiiuo aio ethaeae. A oi aea a?aiy a ea/anoaa iiiiuieeia
eiio?ieea?a e aai iiae?acaeaeaiey aeieaeiu aunooiaoue ana nio?oaeieee
oe?iu, iaania/eaay aai iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae.

Eiio?ieeeia aunooiaao n?aaenoaii na?ueaciiai oeo/oaiey aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, i?e/ai ianoieueei iia?aoeaii, /oi iicaieyao i?eieiaoue
i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua ia?u e yaeaieyi, oa?iaeathuei aai nouanoaiaaieth.
Iiiyoea eiio?ieeeiaa o?oaeii ii?aaeaeeoue a iaeiii i?aaeeiaeaiee.

Nia?aiaiiua aniaeou eiio?ieeeiaa neoaeao aeinoeaeaieth anao iinoaaeaiiuo
oeaeae a aeciana. Ecia/aeueii eiio?ieeeia eniieueciaaeny aeey ?aoaiey
iniiaiuo caaea/ a ?aieao i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoey. Ii
i?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi iii eeoue oiaaea niiaeao auaeeoue ia ?uiea, anee
aoaeao aeoeaii aeaenoaiaaoue ia iniiaa /aoeiai ieaia a oaeeo noa?ao eae
“ia?niiae oe?iu” e “yeiiiie/aneay n?aaea oe?iu”. Iiyoiio a ?aieao
eiio?ieeeiaa oaeaeyaony iniaia aieiaiea ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiu
niaa?oainoaiaaiey e ?acaeoey ia?niiaea, iinoiyiiiio ?inoo eaaeeoeeaoeee
?aaioieeia, nenoaiu aai i?aaiecaoeee.

Eiio?ieea? iiiiaaao ?oeiaiaenoao a i?ioeanna ii?aaeaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee
no?aoaae/aneeo e iia?aoeaiuo oeaeae ?acaeoey oe?iu. Eiio?ieea? ?aoaao
neaaeothuea iia?aoeaiua caaea/e:

– niaeaenoaoao i?aaiecaoeee aaeeiie nenoaiu ieaie?iaaiey, iniiaaiiie ia
eii?aeeiaoeee anao noa? aeayoaeueiinoe;

– ii?aaeaeyao niioaaonoaea iia?aoeaiuo ieaiia no?aoaae/aneei;

– iaania/eaaao iia?aoeaiia n?aaiaiea ieaiiauo e oaeoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae;

– i?eieiaao yia?ae/iua ia?u, iicaieythuea naiaa?aiaiii e a iieiie ia?a
aeinoeaiooue aaaeiaeoeo caieaie?iaaiiuo iieacaoaeae;

– eioi?ie?oao ?oeiaiaenoai e nio?oaeieeia i oiaea auiieiaiey e oaeoueo
?acoeueoaoao.

No?aoaae/aneea caaea/e eiio?ieeeiaa aeeth/atho:

– caaioo i ?acaeoee no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey a oe?ia;

– aiaeec neaauo e neeueiuo noi?ii aa aeayoaeueiinoe;

– ooi/iaiea a nayce n eciaiaieyie ai aiaoiae e aioo?aiiae n?aaea
no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae oe?iu e iaania/aiea oneiaee eo naiaa?aiaiiiai
aeaeaeaiey;

– nenoaiaoe/aneia n?aaiaiea no?aoaae/aneeo e oaeoe/aneeo ieaiiauo
iieacaoaeae;

– ei??aeoe?othuea ia?u a neo/aa ioeeiiaiey io oeaee.

Eiio?ieeeia, oaeei ia?acii, aunooiaao yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii oi?aaeaiey,
iaoeaeaiiui ia ?aoaiea no?aoaae/aneeo i?iaeai. Caaea/a eiio?ieea?a
ninoieo a oii, /oiau i?e oaeoe/aneeo e ieaiiauo ?anoiaeaeaieyo i?eaanoe
a aeaeaeaiea i?ioeann, eioi?ue iiiia au, ianiio?y ia ioeeiiaiey io
iaia/aiiiai, ana aea aeinoeaiooue oeaee. N?aaiaiea ?aaeueiuo e ieaiiauo
?acoeueoaoia aeaeaaony aeey oiai, /oiau naiaa?aiaiii ii?aaeaeeoue, aaea
aicieeee cao?oaeiaiey n ?aaeecaoeeae ieaia e n iiiiuueth ?aaoee?othueo
ia?ii?eyoee iaania/eoue iieo/aiea ieaiiaie i?eauee aeinoeaeaiey ae?oaeo
iaia/aiiuo iieacaoaeae.

I?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii ieaiiia?ii eaeoe e oeaee, ianiio?y ia iinoiyiiua
iiiaoe ia ?uiea. ?aaoee?othuay aeayoaeueiinoue eiio?ieeeiaa ninoieo, a
/anoiinoe, a oii, /oiau ia ioeeiiaieyo, aeiiouaiiuo a iaeiie noa?a
aeayoaeueiinoe, neaiaeece?iaaoue ae?oaei ioaeaeai, iiaeneacaoue ei
iaiaoiaeeiua aeaenoaey, nei??aeoe?iaaoue ieaiiaua iieacaoaee
iiae?acaeaeaiee eae ioaao ia eciaiaiey, i?iecioaaeoea ai aiaoiae e
aioo?aiiae noa?a. Yoi, anoanoaaiii, aaaeao e oeo/oaieth iiceoeee
i?aaei?eyoey.

A eiio?ieeeiaa iniaia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao eioi?iaoeey. Aeey iaania/aiey
caaea/ iaiaaeaeiaioa eiio?ieea? aeieaeai i?aaeinoaaeyoue ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi
i?aaei?eyoey e aai iiae?acaeaeaiee eioi?iaoeeth, i?eiyoey ?aoaiee e
eiio?iey. Eiio?ieea? iaycai ia?aaeaaaoue ioaeiui nio?oaeieeai e
iiae?acaeaeaieyi eiiiaiee oi/ioth eioi?iaoeeth a ioaeiue iiiaio e a
oaeiaiii aeey eniieueciaaiey aeaea. Eiio?ieea? eniieuecoao aioo?aiea e
aiaoiea enoi/ieee eioi?iaoeee, ia?aaaouaaao aa e iai?aaeyao aioo?aiiei
eee aiaoiei aae?anaoai. Nio?oaeieee anao iiae?acaeaeaiee, a naith
i/a?aaeue, oaeaea aeieaeiu i?aaeinoaaeyoue aio iaiaoiaeeioth
eioi?iaoeeth.

Io/ao ?oeiaiaenoao oe?i i ?acoeueoaoao naiae aeayoaeueiinoe,
iiaeaioiaeaiiue eiio?ieea?ii aeieaeai i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia eiie?aoiiai
iieueciaaoaey e ia niaea?aeaoue iaoa?eaeia ?anneaaeiaaiey aeey
aeieacaoaeuenoaa /ueae-oi aeiu. Ia neaaeoao /anoi iaiyoue oi?io io/aoa e
i?eaiaeeoue neeoeii iiiai ?an/aoiuo aeaiiuo.*eneiaoth eioi?iaoeeth
aeaeaoaeueii nii?iaiaeaeaoue iiyniaieyie, a?aoeeaie, oaaeeoeaie e
iiiieoue, /oi io/ao ninoaaeyaony aeey aeinoeaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaee.

Aaaeiia ianoi a ?aaioa eiio?ieea?a caieiaao eii?aeeiaoeey (eee
eii?aeeie?iaaiea) ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiay ia oeo/oaiea
acaeiiaeaenoaey anao iiae?acaeaeaiee eae nenoaiu ?acee/iuo caaiueaa,
auiieiythueo iauoth caaea/o.

Iaoaieci eiio?ieeeiaa iniiaai ia /aou?ao iniiaiiieaaathueo i?eioeeiao:
aeaeaeaiey e oi?iiaeaiey; naiaa?aiaiiinoe; no?aoaae/aneiai niciaiey;
aeieoiaioe?iaaiey.

I?eioeei aeaeaeaiey e oi?iiaeaiey.

?ac?aaioea e ?aaeecaoeey i?aaeeueiuo (iainiiaaiiuo) no?aoaae/aneeo
?aoaiee – iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea oniaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e
aai aeaeaeaiey aia?aae. Nicaeaiea e nio?aiaiea oneiaee aeey oniaoa oanii
naycaii n iiiyoeai “eiiiaaoeey”. Eiiiaaoeey eae eciaiaiea eee iaiiaeaiea
eiaao ianoi i?e eniieueciaaiee a ?aaioa iiauo, i?ia?anneaiuo i?eaiia e
iaoiaeia. Eae ecaanoii, eiiiaaoeeiiiua ?aoaiey ieioi i?ia?aiie?othony e
iau/ii ano?a/atho nii?ioeaeaiey oao, eoi i?eaue ?aaioaoue noa?uie
iaoiaeaie. ?inneeneay i?aeoeea a yoii neo/aa ia yaeyaony eneeth/aieai.
Eiio?ieea? iaycai aeoeaii aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia ?aaioieeia, oi?iicyueo
i?ia?ann, aeiaeaaoueny iinoiyiiiai iaiiaeaiey anae aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,
iniaaiii a noa?a iaiaaeaeiaioa. Oa?aeoa?iay iniaaiiinoue iiaiaaaaeaiey –
i?eiaiaiea a iaeanoyo, eiiaaea aeinoaoi/ii oaeaeaiiuo io noa?u eo
ia?aiia/aeueiiai iiyaeaiey.

I?e inouanoaeaiee eiiiaaoeeiiiie iieeoeee iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue
aiciiaeiinoue iiyaeaiey iiauo, iaiaeeaeaiiuo ?uieia i?iaeoeoa.
Eeanne/aneee i?eia? – ecia?aoaiea eiiiuethoa?ia, eioi?ua, ii iiaieth
ecia?aoaoaeae, aeieaeiu auee iaeoe oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea a iaeanoe
ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee.

Aaaeiia naienoai eiiiaaoeee – niaia i?aaeoanoaothuae nenoaiu oaoiieiaee
e ia?aoiae ia i?eioeeieaeueii iiaue o?iaaiue. Oieueei oaeie iiaeoiae
aeaao aiciiaeiinoue yooaeoeaii aiaae?youe iiaeiee. I?e yoii a?aiaiiie
io?acie iaaeaeo iiyaeaieai iiaiaaaaeaiey e aeiaiaeeie aei o?iaiy
?uii/iie i?iaeoeoeee ia aeieaeai auoue cia/eoaeai. Ioiaoei oaeaea, /oi
oniaoiia aiaae?aiea iiaeiee iaaiciiaeii aac niioaaonoaothuae
oaoiieiae/aneie aacu.

Eiiiaaoeee ia iaycaoaeueii aeieaeiu auoue naycaiu n naiuie ia?aaeiauie
aeinoeaeaieyie a aeciana. Ca/anooth eae eiiiaaoeey iiaeao
?anniao?eaaoueny i?eiaiaiea oaea ecaanoiuo oaoiieiaee, ii a iiauo
iaeanoyo, aeathueo cia/eoaeueiue yeiiiie//aneee yooaeo ( iai?eia?,
ioe?uoea iiauo ?uieia). N ae?oaie noi?iiu, eiiiaaoeeiiiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey naycuaaaony ia oieueei ni niiniaiinoueth aai eieeaeoeaa
ecia?aoaoue iiaia, ii n eo/oei eniieueciaaieai oaea eiathuaainy. Oaeei
ia?acii, iiaiaaaaeaiea aunooiaao iniaui eino?oiaioii, n?aaenoaii,
iicaieythuei inouanoaeoue iiaue aeae aeciana.

I?eioeei aeaeaeaiey oi?iiaeaiey a eiio?ieeeiaa nicaeaao iauaeoeaiua
oneiaey aeey iinoiyiiiai auyaeaiey e aiaae?aiey iiaiai, i?ia?anneaiiai e
yooaeoeaiiai a i?aeoeeo eiie?aoiiai i?aaei?eyoey n o/aoii aai niaoeeoeee
e aiciiaeiinoae. I?e yoii iaoa?eae aeey eiiiaaoeee aiana ia iaycaoaeueii
iaoiaeeony oieueei a noa?a eiie?aoiiai aeciana. Aaaeii, /oiau ii
iiaeoiaeee aeey aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey e iaania/eaae auno?ue e aunieee
?acoeueoao.

I?eioeei naiaa?aiaiiinoe.

Eiio?ieeeia eae ooieoeey, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia aoaeouaa, neoaeeo ?aiiaio
au/aeaieth iiauo aiciiaeiinoae e ?eneia aeey i?aaei?eyoey. Niiniaiinoue
eiiiaiee e naiaa?aiaiiiio ?aaae?iaaieth ia ?uii/iua eciaiaiey caaeneo io
a?aiaiiiai eioa?aaea iaaeaeo aicieeiiaaieai iiaiai oaina eee ?enea e
eiie?aoiui aeaenoaeai, a oaeaea io ca?ieaou, a?aiaie ia eciaiaiea ieaia
e aiaae?aiey iiaeiee. A eioa?anao oe?aieaiey iiceoeee oe?iu eiio?ieea?
iaycai o/eouaaoue aiiaue aicieeathuea oainu e ?enee e eo aiciiaeiia
aeeyiea ia i?eaueue. Iiyoiio eiio?ieea? iinoiyiii iaaethaeaao ca
“ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie” nio?oaeieeia, ec eioi?uo iinoiyiii iinooioiaao
iiiaeanoai neaiaeia. Eiio?ieea? ii?aaeaeyao: eaeay eioi?iaoeey aaaeia, e
eoi i?eieiaao ?aoaiey, eaeei ia?acii ia?aaeaoue eioi?iaoeeth oai, eoi
auiieiyao ?aoaiey.

I?eioeei no?aoaae/aneiai niciaiey.

Eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay io ?aaioieeia, eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey
i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee, iaania/eaathueo onoie/eaaa aoaeouaa oe?iu.
?oeiaiaeeoaee i?aaei?eyoey, aai iiae?acaeaeaiee e nio?oaeieee ia
i?aeoeea ia?aaeei i?eieiatho oaeoe/aneea ?aoaiey, i?eiinyuea auno?ue
yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo e ?aaeueiua auaiaeu a oaeouai ieaia, ii ia
niioaaonoaothuaa no?aoaae/aneei caaea/ai i?aaei?eyoey. A ?acoeueoaoa,
auea?aa (e ii?ie iaiaei) naaiaeiy, oe?ia iiaeao ai?acaei aieueoa
iioa?youe caao?a.

I?eioeei no?aoaae/aneiai niciaiey ?aaeecoaony oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea
ethaia ?aoaiea e aeaenoaea ioeaieaaaony, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, n iiceoeee
aai niioaaonoaey no?aoaae/aneei i?ia?aiiai. E niaeaeaieth, any nenoaia
noeioee?iaaiey ?aaioieeia ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoee, aeaenoaothuay
naaiaeiy, iie?aaony, eae i?aaeei, ia iia?aoeaiua oniaoe a ?aaioa.
Iiiu?aiey ca no?aoaae/aneoth i?aaeoniio?eoaeueiinoue ionoonoaotho eee
i?eoiaeyo n aieueoei iiicaeaieai. Iaaeaeo oai no?aoaae/aneee,
ia?niaeoeaiue iiaeoiae aeieaeai auoue i?ei?eoaoiui i?e ethaii ?aoaiee e
aeiaeoueny yoiai – aaaeiaeoay caaea/a eiio?ieea?a. No?aoaae/aneia
niciaiea, neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oeeueo?,
i?aaeioa?auathuee ?aaeecaoeeth iia?aoeaiuo nethieiooiuo ?aoaiee, eeai
iiaeeoeoee?othuee eo, /oiau iie niioaaonoaiaaee no?aoaae/aneiio ieaio.

I?eioeei aeieoiaioe?iaaiey.

Oeaeueth yoiai i?eioeeia yaeyaony nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey i?iaa?ee:
niaethaeaeenue ee oeaee e caaea/e no?aoaae/aneiai eiio?ieeeiaa a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. A no?aoaae/aneii eiio?ieeeiaa eioi?iaoeey
i?aaenoaaeyaony a aeaea ieniaiiuo niiauaiee n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ioeaieie
eo cia/eiinoe. Ieniaiiay oi?ia i?eioaeaeaao eioi?iaoi?a e i?iaeoiaiiiio
iieiiio e oi/iiio i?aaenoaaeaieth iieiaeaiey aeae. Aeieoiaioe?iaaiea
iicaieyao a ethaie iiiaio onoaiiaeoue iinueathuaai e i?eieiathuaai
eioi?iaoeeth, aeaoo ia?aaea/e e aa niaea?aeaiea. Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea
ioeaieaaoue aeinoiaa?iinoue e iieiioo eioi?iaoeee. Aeaaiaea?y i?eioeeio
aeieoiaioe?iaaiey ?aoaiey ii iia?aoeaiui aii?inai i?eieiathony ?aoaiey n
o/oii no?aoaae/aneie iiceoeee oe?iu, noeioee?oy oai naiui
ia?aii/a?aaeioth ?aaeecaoeeth no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae. I?eioeei
aeieoiaioe?iaaiey yaeyaony oaeaea eino?oiaioii aeey eiio?iey ca
niaethaeaiai ae?oaeo i?eioeeiia eiio?ieeeiaa: aeaeaeaiey e oi?iiaeaiey,
no?aoaae/aneiai niciaiey, naiaa?aiaiiinoe.

Nio?oaeieee oe?iu, eioi?ui ii?o/aia ?aaeecaoeey eiio?ieeeiaa ia
i?aeoeea, iau/ii oi/ii acaeiiaeaenoaotho n oaie ?aaioieeaie, eioi?ua
inouanoaeytho aioo?aiiee aoaeeo ia i?aaei?eyoee. A ?yaea neo/aaa a
eiiiaieyo, aaieao nicaeathony, iauaaeeiaiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey
eiio?ieeeiaa e aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa, oaeie neiaeic i/aiue iieacai,
iineieueeo ?aaioa a iaueo iaeanoyo acaeiiaeiiieiyao ae?oa ae?oaa e
iaania/eaaao ioee/iua ?acoeueoaou. Iiyooiio ai iiiaeo oe?iao iniaia
cia/aiea i?eaeaaony nae/an i?aaiecaoeee e niaa?oainoaiaaieth aioo?aiiaai
aoaeeoa. Iaoaaoea niaoeeaeenoia ii iaiaaeaeiaioo, i?eaioaoeey ia oi, /oi
i?iaeaiu oeiainiaie no?aoaaee aeieaeai ?aoeoue aeaaiue aooaaeoa?
ia?aaeei i?eaiaeeo e iaaaoeaiui iineaaenoaeyi. Anee ia i?aaei?eyoeyo n
i?inoie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?ie oi?aaeaiey neoaeaa o/aoa a ninoiyiee
auiieiyoue ia?yaeo n eioi?iaoeeiiiie e ooieoeee aioo?eoicyenoaaiiiai
eiio?iey, yeiiiie/aneie aeeaaiinoeee, oi aieaa e?oiiia i?aaei?eyoea,
eiathuaa aei/a?iea eiiiaiee, oeeeaeu, o. a. ni neiaeiui i?aaiecaoeeiiiui
iino?iaieai, iauaeoeaii ioaeaeaaony a no?ieiie nenoaia neoaea,
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo i?ioanneiiaeaie, iaeaaeathueie niiniaiinoueth e
aiciiaeiinoueth i?eiyoey iioeiaeueiuo ?aoaiee a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey.
Aioo?aiiee aoaeeo yaeyaony iaiouaieaiui e aaaeiui yeaiaioii
oi?aaeai/aneiai eiio?iey. Oaeiai ?iaea aoaeeo iaiaoiaeei, aeaaiui
ia?acii, aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey iioa?ue ?ano?nia e inouanoaeaiey
iaiaoiaeeiuo e naiaa?aiaiiuo i?aia?aciaaiee a ?aieao i?aaei?eyoey.

Ooieoeee aioo?aiieo aoaeeoi?ia aeeth/atho a naay:

– eiio?ieue ca ninoiyieai aeoeaia e iaaeiiouaiea oauoeia,
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea oi/iinoe eioi?iaoeee, eniieuecoaiie ?oeiaiaenoaii i?e
i?eiyoee ?aoaiee;

– iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea ea/anoaaiiiai auiieiaiey aioo?enenoaiiuo eiio?ieueiuo
i?ioeaaeo?;

– aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey e
ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee;

– ioeaiea ea/anoaa eioi?iaoeee, i?aaeinoaaeyaiie oi?aaeai/aneie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiie.

Oaeei ia?acii. a ?aieao aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa inouanoaeyaony ia oieueei
aeaoaeueiue eiio?ieue ca nio?aiiinoueth aeoeaia, iie ca ea/anoaii
iaiaaeaeiaioa. I?e yoii ooieoeee aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa iiaoo auiieiyoue
eae ?aaioieee i?aaei?eyoey, oae e i?eaeaoaiiua iacaaeneiua aoaeeoi?u.

Aieueoia cia/aiea aeey ?anoe?aiey ?aiie aoaeeoa e aai ea/anoaa eiaao
nicaeaiea yooaeoeaii ooieoeeiie?othuae nenoaiu aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey.

Oa?aeoa?enoeea yeaiaioia aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa

Yeaiaio Aioo?aiiee aoaeeo

Ii?aaeaeaiea Oi?ia eiio?iey ca inouanoaeaieai e

aaeaeaaoiinoueth iieeoeee a iaeanoe

iaiaaeaeiaioa

Oeaeue Yenia?oiay ioeaiea ?aaeecaoeee

yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee i?aaei?eyoey,
aeeth/ay o/aoioth, ioeaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiiey aioo?eoicyenoaaiiiai
eiio?iey (a oii /enea e ea/anoaa eiio?ieueiuo ooieoeee iaiaaeaeiaioa)

Caaea/e Ioeaiea ea/anoaa yeiiiie/aneie eioi?iaoeee,
oi?ie?oaiie ia i?aaei?eyoee. Yenia?oiay ioeaiea yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee
i?aaei?eyoey n iiiiuueth i?iaaaeaiey aioo?aiieo oeiainiauo ?aaecee e
aiaeeoe/aneiai oanoe?iaaiey. Iaania/aiea iieueciaaoaeae eioi?iaoeeae i
?aaeueiii oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey, aeinoiaa?iinoe o/aoa,
io/aoiinoe e ea/anoaa aioo?eoicyenoaaiiiai eiio?iey.

Niaea?aeaiea Aooaaeoa? – aoaeeoi? aeaao caeeth/aiea i
aeinoiaa?iinoe oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe e ae?oaie yeiiiie/aneie
eioi?iaoeee, eniieuecoaiie iaiaaeaea?aie a oi?aaeaiee

Oeaeue eiio?ieueiie Ii?aaeaeaiea aaeaeaaoiinoe oeiainiaie

ooieoeee iieeoeee onoaiiaeaiiui ?aiaa ia?aiao?ai. Ioeaiea
ninoiyoaeueiinoe iaiaaeaeiaioa (ioeaiea ianinoiyoaeueiinoe iaiaaeaeiaioa
– aaie?ionoai i?aaei?eyoey).

Iai?aaeaiea Yenia?o-aiaeeoee auiieiyao i?ioeaaeo?u

?aaeecaoeee yenia?oii- aoaeeoi?neie aeeaaiinoeee,

eiio?ieueiie aiaeoe/aneia oanoe?iaaiea, iiaeoaa?aeaea-

ooieoeee thuaa ?aaeueiinoue oeiainiaiai ninoiyieyi?aaei?eyoey e
ea/anoaa i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee iaiaaeaea?ii.

Ia iniiaa oa?aeoa?enoeee iniiaiuo yeaiaioia aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa,
i?eaaaeaiiuo auoa iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu:

– aioo?aiiee aoaeeo, aunooiay i?aaie/aneie /anoueth iauae nenoaiu
iaiaaeaeiaioa ia i?aaei?eyoee, inouanoaeyao ii nouanoao
aioo?eoicyenoaaiiue eiio?ieue, oeaeueth eioi?iai yaeyaony auyniaiea
noaiaie niioaaonoaey iieo/aaiuo aeioiaeia e no?oeoo?u oiiaeia aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa iaia/aiiui caaeaieyi ii ?anoe?aieth iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e
i?iaeaae;

– iaiaoiaeeiinoue ai aioo?aiiai aoaeeoa aicieeaao iau/ii ec-ca oiai, /oi
aunoaa caaii ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey eniuouaaao iio?aaiinoue a
niioaaonoaothuae eioi?iaoeee eee ioaeaeaaony a iiaeoaa?aeaeaiee
aeinoiaa?iinoe io/aoia iaiaaeaea?ia aieaa ieceiai o?iaiy oi?aaeaiey.

Iiaeii eiinoaoe?iaaoue, /oi aieueoeinoai ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?inneeneeo
i?aaei?eyoee iiea iniaiai aieiaiey nicaeaieth nenoaiu aioo?aiiaai
aoaeeoa ia oaeaeytho, oioy oaeay nenoaia oi?ioi iaeaaeaiiay, ianiiiaiii,
niiniaia iaeaa/eoue i?iaaaeaiea aoaeeoi?neie i?iaa?ee e nieceoue ?ene.
Aioo?aiiee aoaeeo i?aaeiacia/ai aeey oeo/oaiey iia?aoeaiiai o/aoa,
iaania/aiey aeinoiaa?iinoe aeieoiaioia, nio?aiiinoe oeaiiinoae e
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iaiaeeiuo ia?ii?eyoee.

A ethaie i?aaiecaoeee, iacaaeneii io oeia, ?acia?a e oi?iu
nianoaaiiinoe, iaiaaeaea?u e aooaaeoa?a iaycaiu ciaoue ana yeaiaiou
eniieuecoaiie aooaaeoa?neie nenoaiu e eiio?iey. Niaeo? i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo
aooaaeoa?neeo oneoa iaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io ?aoaaiie caaea/e. Iaeiaei
aeaaiay eo oeaeue – ieacaiea iiiiue iaiaaeaea?ai a yooaeoeaiii
oi?aaeaiee i?aaiecaoeeae. Iiyoiio aioo?aiiee aoaeeo, ?aaeecoy
aioo?eoicyenoaaiiue eiio?ieue, yaeyaony n?aaenoaii nieaeaiey ?enea
aaie?ionoaa i?aaei?eyoey.

Eiio?ieeeia – iiaia aeaei ia oieueei aeey ?inneeneeo oe?i, ii e aeey
iiiaeo eiiiaiee ia Caiaaea. Aeey aai oe?ieiai aiaae?aiey (a ii iniaaiii
yooaeoeaai a oneiaeyo ii?ie iai?aaeneacoaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
o?ainoi?iaoeee a ?innee) o ian ana i?aaeiinueee. Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii
caeanue i?eiaiaiea yeiiiieei – iaoiaee/aneeo iaoiaeia. Eaaeaeiio
n?aaeiaio e aeaaea iaeeiio i?aaei?eyoeth iaiaoiaeeia naiy aiaeeoe/aneay
neoaeaa aeey nai?a e aiaeeca iinooiathuae eioi?iaoeee e iineaaeothuaai
i?iaiice?iaaiey aiciiaeiuo oaiaeaioeee iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/aneie
noaoenoeee. Oaeie iiaeoiae iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeei aeey ?innee.

Aeey oniaoiiai aioee?eceniiai oi?aaeaiey aiaeeca ?uiea iaaeinoaoi/ii.
Aaaeiie ninoaaiie /anoueth nenoaiu oaeiai oi?aaeaiey yaeyaony
i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu eiio?iey, i?ecaaiiay iaania/eaaouenaiaa?aiaiiia
auyaeaiea iaeaieaa ?eneiaaiiuo iiceoeee, iaania/aiea iaiaaeaea?a anae
iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae. Eiio?ieue aeieaeai inouanoaeyoueny ii anai
aiciiaeiui iiceoeeyi, ia/eiay n iiae?acaeaeaiey, inouanoaeythuaai
ia?ae/iue o/eo i?iaaaeaiiuo iia?aoeee, aioo?aiiaai e aiaoiaai aoaeeoa,
aooaaeoa?ee, neoaea aaciianiinoe e caeai/eaay ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie anao
o?iaiae aieioue aei caianoeoaey aee?aeoi?a eee i?aceaeaioa eiiiaiee.

*oiau aeiaeoueny oniaoa e i?eciaiey ia ?uiea, iaiaoiaeeii aiaae?youe a
i?aeoeeo iaeaieaa i?ia?anneaiua iaoiaeu eiio?iey. E /eneo oaeeo iiaaoeee
neaaeoao ioianoe i?aeoeeo aiaae?aiey eiio?ieeeiaa. Eiio?ieeeeia –
nenoaia iaania/aiey auaeeaaaiinoe eiiiaiee a e?aoein?i/iii ieaia,
iaoeaeaia ia iioeiecaoeeth i?eauee, a aeieain?i/iii – ia iiaeaea?aeaiea
aa?iiie/iuo ioiioaiee n ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie. Eiio?ieeeia –
niaieoiiinoue iaoiaeia iia?aoeaiiai e no?aoaae/aneiai iaiaaeaeiaioa,
o/aoa, ieaie?iaaiey, aiaeeca e eiio?iey ia ea/anoaaiii iiaii yoaia
?acaeoey ?uiea, aaeeiay nenoaia, iai?aaeaiiay ia aeinoeaeaiea
no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae oe?iu. Aeey aiaae?aiey e iaania/aiey iaaeaaeiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu eiio?ieeeiaa iaiaoiaeeia iinoiyiiay
iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey.

A ?innee iiea eeoue oi?ie?othony iniiau aeey oe?ieiai aiaae?aiey
eiio?ieeeiaa. Oai ia iaiaa aai aeoaieia eco/aiea e aiaae?aiea
iaiaoiaeeii oaea naaiaeiy, iineieueeo ii iicaieyao eniieueciaaoue naiua
nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu iaiaaeaeiaioa iaiiiai ?aiueoa eiieo?aioia,
niinianoaoao aiaae?aieth eiiiaaoeee. Nenoaia eiio?iey iiaeao auoue
iino?iaia ii neaaeothuae noaia:

Ioaeae ia?ae/iiai o/aoa i?ecaai:

– inouanoaeyoue ia?ae/iue o/ao a oa/aiea onoaiiaeaiiiai a?aiaie;

– iiieii iaycaiiinoae o/aoa nio?oaeieee ioaeaea aeieaeiu eiaoue iao?eoeo
eeieoia, eiio?iee?iaaoue aa niaethaeaiea e a neo/aa eo ia?ooaiey
iaiaaeeaiii eioi?ie?iaaoue naiaai ?oeiaiaeeoaey;

– iiae/eiyoueny iaiin?aaenoaaiii aunoaio ?oeiaiaenoao.

Ioaeae aioo?aiiaai aoaeeoa iaycai:

– oi?ioi ciaoue nenoaio caeeth/aiey naeaeie, eo oaoiieiaeth, ii?yaeie,
niaea?aeaiea eino?oeoeee, noaio iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey e o?aaiaaiey
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;

– /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue noaio acaeiiaeaenoaey ioaeaeia e iiae?acaeaeaiee
oe?iu, eo iaycaiiinoe;

– ?aaoey?ii inouanoaeyoue i?iaa?eo ?aaiou anao caaiueaa oe?iu.

Eiio?ieueiua aeaenoaey aeieaeiu inouanoaeyoue oaeaea nio?oaeieee
ieaiiai-yeiiiie/aneiai e ae?oaeo ioaeaeia n aeoeaioii ia yooaeoeaiinoue
iia?aoeee e o?iaiy i?eauee, o?iaiy iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey e ?ac?aaioee nenoai
iaeiaiaiai ieaie?iaaiey n o/aoii eciaiaiee a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e
aiciiaeiinoae iiauo oeiainiauo eino?oiaioia. Ioaeae eiio?iey iaycai
ioeaieaaoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue eeieoia e noaiaie ?enea ii iia?aoeeyi a
caaeneiinoe io oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey eiiiaiee e ii?iu i?eauee
iiae?acaeaeaiey. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, eiio?ieeeia iiae?acoiaaaao ia oieueei
iino?iaiea nenoaiu eiio?iey, ii e aiaeeca anae nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey,
o/aoa, eiio?iey e naiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.

Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo a no?aiao n ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie aeey i?eaioe?iaaiey
i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey ia ?acoeueoao e eeeaeaeiinoue eniieuecothony
ieaiiai-eiio?ieueiua ?an/aou eee i?ioeaaeo?u eiio?ieeeiaa. Aicieeiiaaiea
eiio?ieeeiaa eae iainiaeaiiie ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey i?iecioei a nenoaia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. Iniiaiay oeaeue eiio?ieeeiaa – i?eaioaoeey
oi?aaeai/aneiai i?ioeanna ia aeinoeaeaiea anao oeaeae, noiyueo ia?aae
i?aaei?eyoeai.

O?aaeeoeeiiii ?aoaieai aiaeiae/iuo caaea/ ia ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoeyo
caieiaeenue yeiiiienou. Iiiaea iaoiaeu e eino?oiaiou eie i?aeoe/anee
oniaoii eniieueciaaeenue. Yeiiiienou auee /anoueth aaeeiie nenoaiu
ieaie?iaaiey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa a oneiaeyo eiiaiaeii-aaeieieno?aoeaiie
nenoaiu, iiyoiio ?aoaee caaea/e anae nenoaiu. A oi?aaeai/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe ionoonoaiaaee ia?ae/iua oacu ieaie?iaaiey, no?aoaae/aneia
ieaie?iaaiea e eiio?ieue. A nenoaia ieaie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey
ionoonoaiaaee yoaiu ii ?ac?aaioea ieaiia, /oi oaia?ue i?eaiaeeo e iioa?a
i?aaei?eyoeyie i?eaioaoeee. Aeey nicaeaiey no?aoaae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey
iaiaoiaeeii aaanoe ?an/aou i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia ?acoeueoao e
eeeaeaeiinoue, eiio?ieue ca no?aoaae/aneei ?acaeoeai. Neaaeoao
ii?aaeaeeoue ianoi ?aniieiaeaiey iiaiai aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe e eciaieoue
nouanoaothuea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneea ioiioaiey.

Iineieueeo i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia ?acoeueoao caaea/e eiio?ieeeiaa
?anniao?eaathony a ea/anoaa ninoaaeythuae anae nenoaiu ieaie?iaaiey e
eiio?iey, a eiio?ieeeia auiieiyao ooieoeee eiinoeueoe?iaaiey e
ianeoaeeaaiey, iiaeaioiaee e ?aaeecaoeee ?aoaiee, oi caaea/e
eiio?ieeeiaa iainiaeythony io caaea/ i?aaei?eyoey a ae?oaeo noa?ao.

Iniiaiui iauaeoii aeayoaeueiinoe eiio?ieea?ia noaiiaeony i?ioeann
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai e eii?aeeiaoeey oeaeae, iniiaiui i?eaiii
?aaiou – oi?ie?iaaiea ea?oeiu aoaeouaai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey iinea
auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiie caaea/e. Iiyoiio eaaeaeoth oi?aaeai/aneoth
caaea/o eiio?ieeeia nii?iaiaeaeaao iainiaeaiii, ?anniao?eaaaony
oieeaeueiay nenoaia eiio?ieeeiaa, eioi?ay iioeiaeueii niioaaonoaoao
iinoaaeaiiie caaea/a e nouanoaothuae nenoaia oi?aaeaiey. Nenoaia
eiio?ieeeiaa oi?ie?oao /aoei iinoaaeaiiua caaea/e ia ia?eiae
inouanoaeaiey caaea/, iiaeao auoue ?anoi?ie?iaaia eee ?ai?aaieciaaia
iinea eo auiieiaiey.

Eaaeaeue ia?eiae ia i?aaei?eyoee nouanoaoao naiy no?aoaae/aneay caaea/a,
auiieiaiea eioi?ie io iiiaioa caiunea aei iieo/aiey ?acoeueoaoa aeieaeai
iaania/eaaoue eiio?ieeeia no?aoaae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey. ssaeyynue /anoyie
iauae nenoaiu no?aoaae/aneia oi?aaeaiea oanii naycaii n iia?aoeaiui,
oaeaea e eiio?ieeeia aeieaeai auoue aaeeiie nenoaiie. I?e yoii
?acaeaeaiea eiio?ieeeiaa, nii?iaiaeaeathuaai no?aoaae/aneia oi?aaeaiea e
iia?aoeaiia iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue eae ii a?aieoeai neoaea, oae e ii
oi?iai ?aaeecaoeee, ii iauae aeieaeia inoaaaoueny eioi?iaoeeiiiay aaca,
i?eaiu e iaoiaeu ?aaeecaoeee oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

Iai?eia?, i?e ia?aoiaea i?aaei?eyoey e iiaie nenoaia oi?aaeaiey
nouanoaoao no?aoaae/aneay caaea/a – eciaiaiea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey. I?e
yoii nicaeaiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, aa iiaua o/anoee aeieaeiu
eioaa?e?iaaoueny a nouanoaothuoth nenoaio oi?aaeaiey, a ioaeeaoea
i?ioeaaeo?u oi?aaeaiey, iaoathuea aiaea/aieth iiauo, oaeaeaiu.

I?ioeann ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee, oaeei ia?acii, aoaeao caeeth/aoueny a
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe auiieiaiey neaaeothueo aeaenoaee: aiaeec
nouanoaothueo ?aaeoeee nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey n oeaeueth auyaeaiey
ianiioaaonoaothueo iinoaaeaiiui caaea/ai, nicaeaiea iiauo
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia, i?eaiia e iaoiaeia iainiiaaiey i?eieiaaiuo
?aoaiee, ai?iae?iaaiea iiauo oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee, oaeaeaiea noa?uo e
eioaa?aoeey iiauo i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey a nouanoaothuoth nenoaio.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?aaei?eyoey eiatho iaeioi?ua iaoaieciu
oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu a iiauo oneiaeyo i?e
oi?ie?iaaiee iaoaiecia eiio?ieeeiaa, ii iaiaoiaeeii oa?aoue noa?oth
eioi?iaoeeth, onoa?aaoea nayce e nicaeaoue iiaua. Nicaeaaony neoaeaa
eiio?ieeeiaa, eioi?ay aa?ao ia naay iaeioi?ua nouanoaothuea i?eaiu e
iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey, nicaeaao iiaia eioi?iaoeeiiiia iiea, niinianoaoao
au?aaioea iiauo oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

Eiio?ieeeia iiaeao auoue i?aaieciaai eae iauay nenoaia e i?iiecuaaoue
anth nenoaio oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai, neoaea caaea/a ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee
i?aaei?eyoey eae aeaaiie oeaee a ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae, eee eae oi/a/iue
eiio?ieeeia, ieaie?oy e eiio?iee?oy oieueei eciaiaiea iaoaieciia
oi?aaeaiey, iicaieythueo /aoei ii?aaeaeeoue oaeouoth aeayoaeueiinoue io
i?ioeanna eciaiaiey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, ii?aaeaeeoue e eiio?iee?iaaoue
ia?aiao?u eciaiaiey.

Enoiaey ec i?eiyoiai aa?eaioa ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue i?ioeanna ii oi?ie?iaaieth iaoaiecia eiio?ieeeiaa.

Niaea?aeaiea ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee caeeth/aaony a iiieiaiee nouiinoe
eciaiaiey, oi anoue a ciaiee: eaeay eioi?iaoeey, niiniau aa ia?aaioee
yaeythony eceeoieie, a eaeea aeieaeiu auoue nicaeaiu. Aiaeec
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee iieacuaaao ioeai/iinoue ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?aoaiee,
aace?iaaaoeony ia iaaeinoiaa?iuo eee ia?aaeueiuo aeaiiuo.
?acoeueoaoeaiinoue ?aoaiee oeacuaaao ia e?eoa?ee auai?a ioaeiie eee
iaioaeiie eioi?iaoeee. *anoue eioi?iaoeee e iaoaieciu aeaenoaee a ?aieao
aioo?ecaaiaeneiai ieaie?iaaiey, iia?aoeaiiai o/aoa ia i?eaaoece?iaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoeyo yaeyaony aeaenoaaiii, ii /anoe iao eee iia ia o/eouaaaony
i?e ?ac?aaioea ?aoaiee.

A i?ioeanna ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee aeaaiie caaea/ae i?aaei?eyoey noaiiaeony
nicaeaiea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ay iiaea au aaeaeaaoii ?aaae?iaaoue
ia eciaiaiey. I?ioeann ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee yaeyaony ia?eiaeii, eiaaea
aeaaiie caaea/ae, noiyuae ia?aae i?aaei?eyoeai, yaeyaony ia iieo/aiea
i?eauee eee nicaeaiea iiaiai i?iaeoeoa, a i?iaaaeaiea eiiieaena
ia?ii?eyoee ii eciaiaieth nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey. Inoaeueiua caaea/e
aeieaeiu auoue iiae/eiaiu aeaaiie.

I?iaeo ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee ?acaeaaaony ia iiaeoeaee, yoaiu, eaaeaeue ec
eioi?uo caeai/eaaaony cia/eiui niauoeai. Iai?eia?, aeey nicaeaiey
nenoaiu no?aoaae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii iaeaaeeoue i?ioeaaeo?o
eiio?iey ca oeiainiaui ninoiyieai i?aaei?eyoey e oi?ie?iaaieai oeai.
Iinea ai?iae?iaaiey ?an/aoia neaaeoao o?ainoi?ie?iaaoue eo a oaeouee
?aaeei oi?aaeaiey, naycaoue ni noaiaea?oaie oi?aaeaiey e i?ioeannii
ieaie?iaaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee.

A i?iaaaeaiee ?aaio ii ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee /aoei aeaeiu aeaa oaiaeaioeee a
aeaeaeaiee:

Ia?aay a ia?eiae oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, niioaaonoaothueo
?uii/iie nenoaia oicyenoaiaaiey – oeaio?aeecaoeey ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey,
ia?aoiae ia iieacaiiue iaoiae o/aoa e iieeoeea o/aoa iie?uoey oauoeia;

Aoi?ay iinea oi?ie?iaaiey aeaiiuo i?aaiia – aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey ooieoeee
oi?aaeaiey, aica?ao e iii?ioeanniiio o/aoo, ia?aueaaiea i?eauee.

A ia?aii ia?eiaea aeaenoaey, i?aaei?eieiaaiua iaiaaeaea?aie, nei?aa
oa?aeoa?iu aeey nie?auathuaainy eee aeaaea eeeaeaee?othuaainy
i?aaei?eyoey, a ai aoi?ii – aeey ?anoe?ythuaainy eee aiiaue
nicaeathuaainy.

Iaeiaei ia ia?eiae ?aoi?ie?iaaiey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, eiioeaio?aoeee
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee a i?aaiao oi?aaeaiey nianoaaiieea o?aaoaony nenoaia
o/aoa, eioi?ay iicaieeo neiioeaio?e?iaaoue i?eiyoea oi?aaeai/aneeo
?aoaiee a oeaeii ii i?aaei?eyoeth, ia ?acaeaay aai ii yeaiaioai
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.

I?eiyoay i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey nianoaaiiinoueth nenoaia oi?aaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoeai cae?aieyaony a ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioao, oeene?othueo
noaoon i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey: a i?eeacao, ?anii?yaeaieyo, aeieaeiinoiuo
eino?oeoeeyo, aeiaa?aiiinoyo. ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeey – aeeeoaeueiue i?ioeann,
o?aaothuee iineaaeiaaoaeueiie e neii?aeeie?iaaiiie ?aaiou anao neoaea,
nei?inoue auiieiaiey ?aaio nouanoaaiiui ia?acii caaeneo io aaee/eiu
i?aaei?eyoey.

O/eouaay neeaaeuaathueany ie?iaua oaiaeaioeee ia onei?aiea i?ioeannia
eciaiaiee, aiciiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi eciaiaiey no?aoaaee ?acaeoey
i?aaei?eyoee, ?acaeaathueany iiae aeaaeaieai aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo
ianoiyoaeuenoa, oaeaea onei?yaony. Iiyoiio ?aaiou ii eciaiaieth nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey noaioo aeinoaoi/ii iinoiyiiie noa?ie
aeayoaeueiinoe iaiaaeaea?ia, iiyoiio noaiiaeony aaaeiui eco/aoue
aeeiaie/aneea i?ioeannu oi?aaeaiey.

Caeeth/aiea

Yeiiiie/aneay ?aoi?ia, i?iaiaeeiay a iineaaeiea aiaeu a ?innee,
nouanoaaiiui ia?acii eciaieea ia oieueei iaeee anaai oicyenoaa no?aiu,
ii e eeoei eaaeaeiai oicyenoaothuaai noauaeoa. I?eaaoecaoeey
ieii/aoaeueii ?aci?aaea ioiioaiey oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia n
ainoaea?noaii e canoaaeea iiauo nianoaaiieeia iniciaoue ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca i?eieiaaiua ?aoaiey.

Eco/aiea i?iaeai o?ainoi?iaoeee nenoai oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai iiiiaaao
iaiaueoue iiuo, noi?ie?iaaoue ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, eioi?ua aoaeoo
niinianoaiaaoue aaeaioaoeee ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoee e iiaie ianoaiiaea,
?acaeoeth i?iecaiaenoaa, nio?aiaieth ?aai/eo iano e i?iiuoeaiiiai
iioaioeeaea no?aiu. Eae iieacuaaao aiaeec, iaoaea/e a ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoia i?ienoiaeyo ec-ca iai?aaeeueiiai ieaie?iaaiey i?ioeanna
aeayoaeueiinoe e iioa?e oeiainiaiai eiio?iey ca eciaiaieyie.

Ana /aua aicieeatho neooaoeee, eiaaea iieiaeaiea ia oicyenoaaiiii ?uiea
iaiyaony ianoieueei auno?i e ea?aeeiaeueii, /oi aeey i?aaei?eyoey
noaiiaeony aaaeii oiaoue auno?i e ea/anoaaiii eciaiyoue no?aoaaeth
?acaeoey. Eco/aiea i?ioeannia ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee eae aeeiaie/iiai
i?ioeanna iiiiaaao noi?ie?iaaoue iiaeoiaeu e aeeiaie/iie nenoaia
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai, i?eiaieoue oaea ecaanoiua i?eaiu e iaoiaeu a
iiauo oneiaeyo, eniieueciaaoue iaoaieci eiio?ieeeiaa eae iiaue i?eai a
i?ioeanna ?acaeoey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai.

Iiaoo aicieeiooue aii?inu: “nic?aee “ ee ?inneeneea oe?iu aeey
aiaae?aiey eiio?ieeeiaa? Eiaaony ee aeey yoiai iaoa?eaeueiay aaca,
?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe? Ia yoi neaaeoao ioaaoeoue ooaa?aeeoaeueii. Ia
?inneeneii ?uiea oaea eiathony niaoeeaeueiua noaoenoe/aneea nenoaiu,
i?eaioe?iaaiiua, a /anoiinoe, ia ?aoaiea e?oaa caaea/, naycaiiuo n
aiaeecai a?aiaiiuo ?yaeia e i?iaiice?iaaieai. Ioa/anoaaiiue i?iaeoeou ii
ea/anoao ia onooiatho caiaaeiui e noiyo a 3-7 ?ac aeaoaaea ca?oaaaeiuo
aiaeiaia.

*oiau i?aaei?eyoea eiaei aiciiaeiinoue aeiaeoueny e?oiiuo oniaoia e
i?eciaiey ia ?uiea, iaiaoiaeeii aiaae?youe a i?aeoeeo iaeaieaa
ia?aaeiaua, i?ia?anneaiua iaoiaeu ?aaiou. E /eneo oaeeo eiiiaaoeee
neaaeoao ioianoe i?aeoeeo aiaae?aiey eiio?ieeeiaa.

Eiio?ieeeia yaeyaony nenoaiie iaania/aiey auaeeaaaiinoe oe?iu a
e?aoein?i/iii ieaia, iaoeaeaiiay ia iioeiecaoeeth i?eauee, a
aeieain?i/iii – ia iiaeaea?aeaiea aa?iiie/iuo ioiioaiee n ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeie. Iiyaeaiea eiio?ieeeiaa naycaii n oneiaeiaieai neooaoeee ia
?uiea, oneeaieai eiieo?aioeee, iaiaoiaeeiinoueth o/aoa nioeeaeueiuo e
yeiiiie/aneeo oaeoi?ia. Eiio?ieeeia – niaieoiiinoue iaoiaeia
iia?aoeaiiai e no?aoaae/aneiai iaiaaeaeiaioa, o/aoa, ieaie?iaaiey,
aiaeeca e eiio?iey ia ea/anoaaiii iiaii yoaia ?acaeoey ?uiea, aaeeiay
nenoaia iai?aaeaiey ia aeinoeaeaiea no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeae eiiiaiee.

Yoai 2: n?aaieoa

?acoeueoaou ni Yoai 3:

noaiaea?oaie
aeaenoaey

Aea

Iao

Yoai 1:

ii?aaeaea-

iea noai-
Aea

aea?oia

Iao

I?eeiaeaiea 6. Iiaeaeue i?ioeanna eiio?iey.

Aua?aoue iiaeoiaeyuoth

eeieth iiaaaeaiey

Ie/aai ia i?aaei?eieiaoue

Onoaiiaeoue ioeeiiaiea

Ia?aniio?aoue noaiaea?ou

I?eeiaeaiea 5. O?aoee yoai i?ioeanna eiio?iey.

N?aaieoa aeinoeaiooua

?acoeueoaou ni noaiaea?oaie

Onoaiiaeoa ianooaa

ioeeiiaiee

Eniieuecoeoa i?eioeei

eneeth/aiey

Ecia?oa ?acoeueoaou

Yooaeoeaii eioi?ie?oeoa

i noaiaea?oao e ?acoeue-

oaoao

I?eeiaeaiea 4. Aoi?ie yoai i?ioeanna eiio?iey.

Onoaiiaeoa noaiaea?ou

Au?aaioaeoa iieacaoaee

?acoeueoaoeaiinoe

I?eeiaeaiea 3. Ia?aue yoai i?ioeanna eiio?iey.

1. Eiatho oeaee.

2. Eniieuecotho aiaoiea ?ano?nu.

3. I?aia?acotho aiaoiea ?ano?nu aeey aioo?ai-

iaai eniieueciaaiey.

4. Neaaeyo ca cia/eoaeueiuie ioeeiiaieyie

io iaia/aiiuo oeaeae.

5. Ei??aeoe?otho yoe ioeeiiaiey aeey oiai,

/oiau iaania/eoue aeinoeaeaiea oeaee.

I?eeiaeaiea 2. Ana nenoaiu n ia?aoiie naycueth.

I?aaeaa?e – Oaeouee Caeeth/e –

oaeueiue eiio?ieue oaeueiue

eiio?ieue eiio?ieue

A?aiy

I?eeiaeaiea 1. A?aiy inouanoaeaiey iniiaiuo aeaeia eiio?iey.

Yeiiiieno Aaia?aeueiue TH?eno

aee?aeoi?

Cai.aee?ae- Aeaaiue Ioaeae
Nae?aoa?ue-

oi?a ii i?i- eiaeaia? eaae?ia
iaoeienoea

ecaiaenoao

I?ie- Aaoi- Aeaa-
Ioaeae Eiaea-

IOI aiaenoaai o?ain- iue
niaaaea- ia? ii

iua ii?oiue yia?aa-
iey OA

o/anoee o/anoie oee

I?eeiaeaiea 7. No?oeoo?a CAI “Niaoeno?ieoaeue”.

Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee nienie

Ianeii I. O., Aeueaa?o I., Oaaeio?e O. Iniiau iaiaaeaeiaioa: Ia?. n
aiae. – I.: “Aeaei”, 1992.

Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau iaiaaeaeiaioa: O/aaiia iiniaea/ I.A. Iao?ia, O.I.
Iao?iaa, Naia?ne. a?o.-no?ieo. aeaae. Naia?a, 1995.

Ooeei Y.A. Aioee?eceniia oi?aaeaiea. – I.: Annioeeaoeey aaoi?ia e
ecaeaoaeae “Oaiaeai”, Ecaeaoaeuenoai YEIIN, 1997.

No?aoaae-

/aneia

oi?aaeaiea

Iai?eia?

Niaaaeaiea ii?ooaeueiua Iia?aoeaiia

e nauo, iao?eoeu, oi?aaeaiea

i?iecaiae- ooieoeeiiaeueii-

noai noieiinoiie

aiaeec

Iai?eia?

Iai?eia? eiieoaoeeiiiia

?an/aou iiaeaee?iaaiea

ioaeaeueiuo i?ia?aiiu

i?iaeoeoia, Nenoaia

noieiinoiie eiio?ieeeiaa

aiaeec i?aaei?eyoey

Iai?eia?

Iai?eia? o/aoiay eiio?ieue ii
iieeoeea

ianoai cao?ao ioaeaeoiuo

i?iaeoia i?iaeoia

?aaecey Oeiaini-

aue o/ao

I?eeiaeaiea 8. ?aca?aie/aiea caaea/ eiio?ieeeiaa.

Ieaie?iaaiea oeaee e no?aoaae/aneea ieaiu

Ie/aai ia i?aaei?eieiaeoa

Aeinoeaioou ee oeaee ?

Ioeaieoa oi/- iinoue e cia/e- iinoue eioi?iaoeee

Onoaiiae- oa iano- oaa aeiion- oeiuo ioe- eiiaiee

Onoaiiaeoa i?e/e- io ioeeiia- iey

?aaeen-oe/iu ee noaiaea?- ou?

Niiaueoa iieo/ai – iua aeai- iua nio- ?oaeieeai

N?aaieoa ?acoeueoaou ni noaiaea? – oaie

Ia?aniio ?eoa noai aea?ou

Ono?aie – oa ioeeiia- iey

Ii?aaeaeaiea iieacaoaeae ?acoeueoaoeaiinoe

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