2
Ieienoa?noai naeueneiai oicyenoaa e i?iaeiaieuenoaey ?O
Aeaia?oaiaio ii ?uaieianoao
Aeaeueiaainoi/iue ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee ?uaioicyenoaaiiue
oieaa?neoao
( Aeaeue?uaaooc)
Eaoaae?a: “Ia?eaoeiaa e ?aeeaiu”.
Eo?niaay ?aaioa.
I?aaiecaoeey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee ?uaiie
i?iaeoeoeee ssiiiee.
Auiieiee:
nooaeaio a?oiiu
I?iaa?ee:
Aeaaeeainoie
1999a.
NIAeA?AEAIEA
AAAAeAIEA
1. IIIssOEA, NOUIINOUe E AEAeU IA?EAOEIAA.
1.1 Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa
1.2 Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa
1.3 Iniiaiua oi?iu eiiia?/aneiai ia?eaoeiaa.
2.NOUIINOUe E AEAeU IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIAI IA?EAOEIAA
2.1Yoaiu ?acaeoey aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
2.2 Nouiinoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa.
2.3. NO?AOAAE*ANEEA ?AOAIEss A IAAEAeOIA?IAeIII IA?EAOEIAA.
2.4 Iioeau eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee
2.5 I?ioeann ?ac?aaioee eiioeaioeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa.
3. I?aaiecaoeey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee
?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee ssiiiee.
3.1 IAOIAeEEA i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa – iauea
iieiaeaiey.
3.2 Iainiiaaiea auoiaea ia ?uiie ssiiiee ( ia i?eia?a i?aoaeoo?u
Oieeaeaei).
3.2.1 Iienaiea aiciiaeiinoae e iio?aaiinoae – iauea iieiaeaiey.
3.2.2. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea i?iecaiaenoaa e eniieueciaaiey ?uaiie
i?iaeoeoeee.
3.2.3 Iainiiaaiea auai?a ?uiea. I?aeiouanoaa yeiiiieee ssiiiee
3.2.4 Iaoaieci oeaiiia?aciaaiey.
3.2.5 I?aaiecaoeey nauoa.
Caeeth/aiea.
Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee nienie
AAAAeAIEA
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy yeiiiieea iaoae no?aiu iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee e?ecena.
Iaeiei ec iooae auoiaea ec neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee yaeyaony ?acaeoea
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
Aaaeiaeoei oaeoi?ii ?acaeoey acaeiiauaiaeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo naycae a
iaeanoe ii?neiai i?iiunea yaeyaony oaeoaeaiea acaeiiiiieiaiey iaaeaeo
?uaii?iiuoeaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie Oieeaeaei e Aeaeueiaainoi/iuie ?aeiiaie
?innee.[
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iiyaeyaony ana aieueoa ?acee/iuo eiea, iinayuaiiuo
i?iaeaiai ia?eaoeiaa, aeeth/ay iaaeaeoia?iaeiue. Eae i?aaeei yoe ?aaiou
yaeythony ia?aaiaeii eee eiiieeyoeeae ecaanoiuo ca?oaaaeiuo, /aua anaai
aiaeiycu/iuo o/aaieeia. A iniiaiii yoe ?aaiou iinyo oai?aoe/aneee
oa?aeoa?: iienuaatho nenoaio ia?eaoeiaa a oeaeii, ?ane?uaatho
iaoiaee/aneea eino?oiaiou, i?ioeannu ?aaeecaoeee ioaeaeueiuo ooieoeee
ia?eaoeiaa e niaea?aeaiea i?ioeanna ?ac?aaioee eiioeaioeee ia?eaoeiaa
aeey i?aaei?eyoee, ieeiaaea ?aiaa n iei ia noaeeeaaaoeony.
Oeaeue aeaiiie ?aaiou ninoieo a oii, /oiau ia iniiaa eiathueony
oai?aoe/aneeo ciaiee e i?aaenoaaeaiee ia iniiaao ia?eaoeiaa, aeaoue
iaoiaeieiaeth i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia
?uiee ?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee ssiiiee ia i?eia?a i?aoaeoo?u Oieeaeaei.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiie oeaee iaiaoiaeeii ?aoeoue ?yae caaea/:
1. ?ane?uoue iiiyoea e oai?aoe/aneea iniiau i?aaiecaoeee
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa
2. Eceiaeeoue aii?inu ?ac?aaioee no?aoaaee eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee, eco/aiey iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
?uieia e ?ac?aaioee eiioeaiooaeueiuo i?iaeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
ia?eaoeiaa.
3. Ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue nenoaio nauoa ii?ai?iaeoeoia, iaoaieci
aeayoaeueiinoe ?uaii?iiuneiauo i?aaiecaoeee, aaeieieno?aoeaii –
eiiaiaeioth no?oeoo?o a iaeanoe ii?neiai i?iiunea Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea e
ssiiiee (i?aoaeoo?u Oieeaeaei).
4. I?eiaieoue oai?aoe/aneea eino?oiaiou e ?ac?aaioaoue i?ia?aiio
i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee ?uaiie
i?iaeoeoeee ssiiiee.
1. IIIssOEA, NOUIINOUe E AEAeU IA?EAOEIAA.
1.1 Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa
A yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai ii?aaeaeaiee
ia?eaoeiaa, auoaeathueo ec ?acee/iiai iiieiaiey aai nouiinoe e caaea/.
Iiae o?aaeeoeeiiiui ia?eaoeiaii iiieiaaony eiioeaioeey nauoa
i?aaei?eyoey, caeeth/athuayny a i?eaioaoeee nauoa ia ni?in eiathueony a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia iuiaoieo ?uieao i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeae, e
i?iaeaaea ei oaea i?iecaaaeaiiuo oiaa?ia, o.a. i?eaioaoeey ia ?uiie ia
yaeyaony aeaaiie caaea/ae i?aaei?eyoey, iaiai?io ?uiie aeieaeai oaea
iaeaaeaoue aeinoaoi/iie niiniaiinoueth e iio?aaeaieth i?iecaaaeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoeai oiaa?ia.[2]
Aeaaiia ianoi a ?aaeecaoeee eiioeaioeee nauoa ioaiaeeony /enoi nauoiaui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi i?aaei?eyoey, caaea/a eioi?uo a yoii neo/aa naiaeeony e
iieneo ?uieia n iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiuie oneiaeyie nauoa e e ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee eiathueiny ia yoeo ?uieao iio?aaeoaeyi.
Nia?aiaiiue ia?eaoeia a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?eaioe?oaony ia cai?inu
?uiea, i?eniinaaeeaay aeey yoiai i?aaeeiaeaiea oiaa?ia i?aaei?eyoeyie.
Caaea/ae ia?eaoeiaa noaiiaeony ia oieueei i?eaioaoeey ia i?iaeaaeo oaea
i?iecaaaeaiiuo oiaa?ia, ii e ananoi?iiiaa eco/aiea iio?aaiinoae e
aiciiaeiinoae iio?aaeoaeae. Yoe auyaeaiiua iio?aaiinoe noaiiayony
enoiaeiui ioieoii anao i?eieiaaiuo ia i?aaei?eyoee ?aoaiee e aeaenoaee.
Oaeia iiieiaiea ia?eaoeiaa aeaeaao aai ia /anoiie ooieoeeae
i?aaei?eyoey, ?aaeecoaiie ioaeaeii nauoa, a eioaa?e?iaaiiie eiioeaioeeae
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai a oeaeii.
Ia?eaoeia eae eiioeaioeey oi?aaeaiey icia/aao “ieaie?iaaiea,
eii?aeeiaoeeth e eiio?ieue anao ioiinyueony e eiathueiny e
iioaioeeaeueiui ?uieai ia?ii?eyoee i?aaei?eyoey”. Niaieoiiinoue
ia?ii?eyoee ii oi?aaeaieth ia?eaoeiaii iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae
iaeiicia/ii eaeaioeoeoee?oaiue i?ioeann oi?aaeaiey, aeeth/athuee oacu
aiaeeca, ieaie?iaaiey, iioeaaoeee, eii?aeeiaoeee e eiio?iey,
niioaaonoaothueo iauei ooieoeeyi oi?aaeaiey. Yoai aiaeeca, iacuaaaiue
ia?eaoeiaiaui neooaoeeiiiui aiaeecii, aeieaeai aeaoue ioaao ia aii?in:
Aaea iu iaoiaeeiny?. Ia yoaia i?iaiice?iaaiey iau/ii ?ac?aaaouaathony
i?iaiicu e noeaia?ee ?acaeoey ?uiea e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, eioi?ua
aeieaeiu aeaoue ioaaou ia aii?in: Eoaea eaeao ?acaeoea? Ia yoaia
oeaeaiieaaaiey e au?aaioee no?aoaaee a oeaio? noaayony caaea/e auai?a
?uieia e eo naaiaioaoeee, oi?ie?iaaiey niioaaonoaothuae
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu, au?aaioee iauae eiioeaioeee ?uii/iiai
iiaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey. Nouanoaaiiuie aii?inaie, oa?aeoa?ecothueie
niaea?aeaiea yoiai yoaia yaeythony: *aai iu oioei aeinoe/ue?, Eaeeie
iooyie neaaeiaaoue i?e ia?aaioea ?uieia? No?aoaae/aneee ia?eaoeia
ia?acoao ?aiee aeey iia?aoeaiiai ia?eaoeiaiaiai ieaie?iaaiey, o.a. aeey
e?aoein?i/iuo oaeoe/aneeo ia?eaoeiaiauo ?aoaiee. Enoiaey ec iia?aoeaiuo
iiaeoeaeae i?iaeoe?oaony ia?eaoeiaieen (eiiieaen ia?eaoeiaa). I?e yoii
aeathony ioaaou ia aii?inu : Eaeea ia?ii?eyoey iaiaoiaeeii aeeth/eoue a
i?iaeoeoiaoth, oeaiiaoth, nauoiaoth e eiiioieeaoeeiiioth iieeoeeo
i?aaei?eyoey? A oaca ?aaeecaoeee no?aoaaee e ia?eaoeiaieena
ii?aaeaeythony iaiaoiaeeiua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua e eiio?ieueiua ia?ii?eyoey
iaania/eaathuea aeinoeaeaiea iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae e auiieiaiea
caieaie?iaaiiuo ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee. Ia yoii yoaia iaiaoiaeeii
ioaaoeoue ia aii?inu: Aeinoeaee ee iu naieo oeaeae?, Eaeea ei??aeoe?iaee
oeaeae e ia?ii?eyoee iaiaoiaeeiu? A caaeneiinoe io aaee/eiu i?aaei?eyoey
e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia (eiee/anoaa ?uieia e i?iaeoeoia, i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iuo
eiiaeiaoeee) ?acee/atho oi?aaeaiea ia?eaoeiaii ia o?iaia i?aaei?eyoey a
oeaeii e ia o?iaia ioaeaeueiuo i?iaeoeoiauo a?oii, iineaaeiaa o?aaoao
aieueoae eiie?aoiinoe e iia?aoeaiinoe i?eieiaaiuo ?aoaiee [9]
1.2 Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa
Ia?eaoeia i?iyaeyaony /a?ac naie oeaeaaua a?oiiu, eino?oiaiou e
eio?ano?oeoo?o.
1. OeAEAAUA A?OIIU IA?EAOEIAIEENA
Noauaeou e oaeoi?u,Iio?aaeoaee Oi?aiaey/ ieacuathuea
aiciouath i?iaeoeoeee nauoiaua eaiaeu uaa aicaeaenoaea
Oeaeaaay iaeanoue ia?eaoeiaa – yoi niaieoiiinoue iauaeoia, ia eioi?oth
iai?aaeaia ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey, e ?aaee eioi?ie,
nianoaaiii, e oi?ie?oaony ia?eaoeiaieen. Iia iaoiaeeony aia noa?u naiiai
i?aaei?eyoey e i?eiaaeeaaeeo e oae iacuaaaiie aiaoiae ia?eaoeiaiaie
n?aaea (ie?oaeathuae n?aaea). E oeaeaaui a?oiiai ia?eaoeiaieena
ioiinyony i?aaeaea anaai eiia/iua iio?aaeoaee – (iieueciaaoaee)
i?iaeoeoa eee iieoiaoaee (oi?aiaey), i?aaiecaoeee, ieacuaathuea aeeyiea
ia i?aaeii/oaiey e eiia/iue auai? iio?aaeoaey e oi?aiaee ,e eioi?ui
iiaeii ioianoe i?aaei?eyoey eiieo?aiou, iauanoaa iio?aaeoaeae,
n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee e o.i. E?iia oiai, eae ia naii
i?aaei?eyoea, oae e ia oeaeaaua a?oiiu ia?eaoeiaieena ieacuaatho
nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea, oae iacuaaaiua, oaeoi?u aeiaaeueiie n?aaeu:
yeiiiie/aneay eiiuthieoo?a, nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneay, aeaiia?aoe/aneay,
i?aaiaay e yeieiae/aneay neooaoeee, iao/ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann (eae
iioaioeeaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue iinoiyiiiai iaanoeaiaiey nicaeaaaaiuo
i?aaei?eyoeai i?iaeoeoia e eniieuecoaiuo oaoiieiaee). Anee ia oeaeaaua
a?oiiu i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao aicaeaenoaiaaoue, aeiaeaaynue naieo oeaeae, n
iiiiuueth iioeiaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiiai ia?eaoeiaieena, oi ia aeiaaeueiua
oaeoi?u ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu iii ia iiaeao ieacuaaoue ieeaeiai
aicaeaenoaey, a aeieaeii i?iaiice?iaaoue eo aiciiaeiia ?acaeoea e
o/eouaaoue a naiae ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
2. EINO?OIAIOU IA?EAOEIAIEENA
EiiioieeaoeeiiiayI?iaeoeoiai Eiio?aeoii Nauoi?ani?a iieeoeea
anni?oeiaioiay oeaiiaay aeaeeoaeueiay iieeoeea iieeoeea
iieeoeea Eino?oiaiou ia?eaoeiaieena – yoi eiiaeiaoeey
nauoi-iieeoe/aneeo eino?oiaioia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo i?aaei?eyoea
aicaeaenoaoao ia oeaeaaua a?oiiu ia aua?aiiii ?uiea. E iniiaiui
eino?oiaioai ia?eaoeiaieena ioiinyo i?iaeoeoiai-anni?oeiaioioth,
eiio?aeoii-oeaiiaoth, nauoi-?ani?aaeaeeoaeueioth e eiiioieeaoeeiiioth
iieeoeeo. Ii naiae nooe ia?eaoeiaieen i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiiieaenioth
i?ia?aiio ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee, ioaa/athueo a eaaeaeue iiiaio
a?aiaie iaeeaeaieyi niioaaonoaothuae oeaeaaie a?oiiu ia aua?aiiii ?uiea.
Iineieueeo ia?eaoeiaieen anaaaea iai?aaeai ia eiie?aoioth oeaeaaoth
a?oiio, oi /enei aiciiaeiuo eiiaeiaoeee eee ia?eaoeiaieenia aoaeao
caaenaoue io /enea i?iaeoeoiauo a?oii i?aaei?eyoey e oeaeaauo a?oii ia
?uiea. Oaeay eiiaeiaoeey “i?iaeoeo – ?uiie” iieo/eea iacaaiea
i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iie eiiaeiaoeee. Oaeei ia?acii, i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii
ninoaaeoue noieueei ieenia, neieueei i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iuo eiiaeiaoeee
eiaaony a aa ieaiao aeayoaeueiinoe.[4]
I?aaei?eyoey, eiathuea oe?ieoth iiiaieeaoo?o i?iecaiaeeiie
i?iaeoeoeee, ?acei ioee/athuothny ae?oa io ae?oaa ii niiniaai aa
i?iecaiaenoaa e iio?aaeaiey e ae?oaei oaeoi?ai, aeey oiai, /oiau ia
iioa?youe oi?aaeaiea, aeieaeiu ?ai?aaieciaaoue naith oi?aaeai/aneoth
no?oeoo?o, auaeaeea a naiinoiyoaeueiua iauaeou oi?aaeaiey oaeea
i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iua eiiaeiaoeee e i?aaeinoaaea ei i?aaa a ea/anoaa
naiinoiyoaeueiuo no?oeoo?iuo aaeeieoe (no?aoaae/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo
aaeeieoe), auae?aoue ?uiee e oeaeaaua a?oiiu, noaaeoue oeaee e
?ac?aaaouaaoue nianoaaiiua ia?eaoeiaiaua no?aoaaee e ieaiu
(ia?eaoeiaieenu).[1]
3. YEAIAIOU IA?EAOEIAIAIE EIO?ANO?OEOO?U
Ia?eaoeiaiaay eioi?iaEaae?iaue, oeiaiNenoaia oi?aaeaiey e oeeiiiay
nenoaia niaue, oaoie/aneino?oiaiou oi?aaeaieyeee e i?aaiaie a
noa?a ia?eaoeiaa iioaioeeae ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau i?aaei?eyoey
Ia?eaoeiaiaay eio?ano?oeoo?a – yoi niaieoiiinoue aioo?aiieo
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, oaoie/aneeo e yeiiiie/aneeo oaeoi?ia e oneiaee,
aa?aioe?othueo aiciiaeiinoue ?ac?aaioee e ?aaeecaoeee yooaeoeaiiai
ia?eaoeiaiaiai ieena. Iaee/ea ?acaeoie ia?eaoeiaiaie eio?ano?oeoo?u
yaeyaony iai?aiaiiui oneiaeai yooaeoeaiie ia?eaoeiaiaie ?aaiou ia
i?aaei?eyoee e, oai aieaa, ?ac?aaioee e eniieueciaaiey ia ?uiea
iioeiaeueiui ia?acii ?acee/iuo nauoiiieeoe/aneeo eino?oiaioia.[3]
1.3 Iniiaiua oi?iu eiiia?/aneiai ia?eaoeiaa.
A caaeneiinoe io aeaea io?anee, oa?aeoa?a iio?aaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee,
aaia?aoe/aneiai ianoa ?aniieiaeaiey ?uieia nauoa i?iecaiaeeoaeae e
iio?aaeoaeae i?iaeoeoeee, a oaeaea eiiieaeniinoe ia?eaoeiaiauo
ia?ii?eyoee auaeaeytho ?acee/iua oi?iu eiiia?/aneiai ia?eaoeiaa. Iiiyoea
“eiiia?/aneee ia?eaoeia” icia/aao, /oi aai eiia/iie oeaeueth yaeyaony
iieo/aiea i?eauee.
N oi/ee c?aiey iio?aaeoaey ?acee/atho:
1. Ia?eaoeia iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia (oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey).
2. Ia?eaoeia eiaanoeoeeiiiuo oiaa?ia (oiaa?ia i?iecaiaenoaaiii –
oicyenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey).
3. Ia?eaoeia oneoa.
2.NOUIINOUe E AEAeU IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIAI IA?EAOEIAA
2.1Yoaiu ?acaeoey aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
A noa?a aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe oaeaea i?ienoiaeeo
o?ainoi?iaoeey niaea?aeaiey iiiyoey “ia?eaoeia”. Iiaeii auaeaeeoue
ianeieueei yoaiia ?acaeoey:
1. O?AAeEOeEIIIUE YENII?O – i?iaeaaea oiaa?a ca a?aieoeo aac
aeaeueiaeoaai nii?iaiaeaeaiey oiaa?a. Yenii?oa? ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ia?aae iieoiaoaeai oieueei aei iiiaioa i?iaeaaee e iinoaaee e, eae
i?aaeei, ia eioa?anoaony aeaeueiaeoae noaeueaie i?iaeaiiiai oiaa?a .
2. YENII?OIUE IA?EAOEIA – yenii?oa? nenoaiaoe/anee ia?aaaouaaao
caa?aie/iue ?uiie e i?eniinaaeeaaao naia i?iecaiaenoai iiae
o?aaiaaiey yoiai ?uiea. I?e yoii yenii?oa? enneaaeoao iinoiyiii yoio
?uiie e iuoaaony eiio?iee?iaaoue aanue iooue oiaa?a aei eiia/iiai
iio?aaeoaey.
3. IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUE IA?EAOEIA – yenii?oa? aeoaiei enneaaeoao ?uiie e
eniieuecoao aeey aai ia?aaioee aanue iaai? eino?oiaioia ia?eaoeiaa, a
oaeaea ?acee/iua oi?iu aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae: iao/iioaoie/aneee
iaiai, eiio?aeoiua i?iecaiaenoaa, niaianoiua i?aaei?eyoey, nicaeaiea
aei/a?ieo i?aaei?eyoee e ae?oaea, a ia oieueei yenii?o.
4. IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUE IAIAAeAEIAIO – ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue ca
a?aieoeae ioaaouaaao ia oieueei nauo, ii e i?aeoe/anee ana
ooieoeeiiaeueiua noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey: niaaaeaiea,
enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee, ia?niiae, oeiainu e ae?. Oaeoe/anee yoi
?uii/ii i?eaioe?iaaiiia oi?aaeaiea i?aaei?eyoeai a caa?aie/iuo oneiaeyo.
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue iaiaaeaeiaio naienoaaiai o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiui
ei?ii?aoeeyi.[10]
2.2 Nouiinoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa.
Iiae iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ia?eaoeiaii iiieiaaony eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee
i?aaei?eyoey ii ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia e oneoa ca i?aaeaeaie naiae no?aiu
?ac?aaioea oaeiai eiiieaena i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oi?aaeai/aneee
i?ioeann, ioaaouaathuee yoaiu aiaeeca, ieaie?iaaiey, i?aaiecaoeee e
eiio?iey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iiyoiio a oeaio?a
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey iaoiaeeony iiaeaioiaea e
i?eiyoea ia iniiaa niioaaonoaothuae aiaoiae (?uii/iie) e aioo?aiiae
(oaoieeiyeiiiie/aneie) eioi?iaoeee oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee,
iicaieythueo ?aoeoue neaaeothuea caaea/e:
1. Auoiaeeoue ee ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ?uiie aiiaua?
2. Eaeea oeaee noaaeoue i?e yoii?
3. Eaeea ia?niaeoeau iiaoo ioe?uoueny ia?aae i?aaei?eyoeai e eaeea
oa?icu iiaoo aicieeiooue?
4. Anee auoiaeeoue, oi ia ?uiie eaeie no?aiu?
5. Eaeoth i?iaeoeoeeth iiaeii auei au i?aaeeiaeeoue iio?aaeoaeyi ia yoii
?uiea: auioneaaioth i?aaei?eyoeai a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eee iiaoth?
6. Eaeei ia?acii aueoe ia aua?aiiue ?uiie, iaeoe iio?aaeoaey e
i?aaeeiaeeoue aio naith i?iaeoeoeeth?
7. Aeaeaoue yoi naiinoiyoaeueii eee i?eaea/ue ia?oia?ia ii
eiiia?aoeee?
8. Auoiaeeoue ee ia ?uiie a ea/anoaa yenii?oa?a eee eiii?oa?a,
naiinoiyoaeueii eee a eiiia?aoeee n aieaa iiuoiui ia?oia?ii?
Iinoaaeyoue ee ia aua?aiiua ?uiee aioiaoth i?iaeoeoeeth eee
iieooaa?eeaou?
9. Eaeoth eiie?aoioth i?ia?aiio ia?ii?eyoee ia?eaoeiaaieena
?ac?aaioaoue, aeey oiai /oiau aeinoe/ue iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae ia aua?aiiii
?uiea?
10. Eaeea yeiiiie/aneea, iao/iioaoie/aneea e ae?oaea ?acoeueoaou iiaoo e
aeieaeiu auoue iieo/aiu a ?acoeueoaoa o/anoey i?aaei?eyoey a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea?
11. Eae i?aaieciaaoue ia nianoaaiiii i?aaei?eyoee i?ioeann ?ac?aaioee e
inouanoaeaiey i?ia?aiiu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa?
Aacie i?eiyoey anao ?aoaiee a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ia?eaoeiaa neoaeao
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey ?aciie aeoaeiu e oe?iou ioaaoa e eaaeauay a
eo iniiaa eioi?iaoeeiiiay aaca.[8]
Eniieuecoaioth a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ia?eaoeiaa eioi?iaoeeth iiaeii ?ac
aeaeeoue ia ianeieueei a?oii:
1) eioi?iaoeeth i ?uieao e ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?a;
2) eioi?iaoeeth i iaoiaeao e oi?iao iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaee (a
aieaa oe?ieii ieaia aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe);
3) eioi?iaoeeth i nianoaaiiii i?aaei?eyoee (oeaee e iioaioeeae).
I?e yoii nicaeaaaaiue eioi?iaoeeiiiue iannea (aaca ?uii/iie e
ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee iiaeao i?aaieciauaaoueny a niioaaonoaee ni
no?oeoo?ie ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee e ii ia?a ?anoe?aiey
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey oaeaea ?anoe?youeny e
oaeoaeyoueny.
Aaca aeaiiuo ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee aeieaeia eiaoue oaeaea
ianeieueei ?ac?acia (o?iaiae), /oiau i?iaiaeeoue ia?eaoeiaiaua
enneaaeiaaiey ii niioaaonoothuae ie?iaie io?anee a oeaeii eee ii
ioaeaeueiui ?aaeiiai e no?aiai (io?aneaaie e no?aiiaue aniaeo).
Ia?eaoeiaiaia enneaaeiaaiea ninoieo ec aeaoo /anoae: enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea
e eco/aiey nianoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea i?aaei?eyoey a n?aaiaiee n
o?aaiaaieyie ?uiea e iioaioeeaeii eiathueony ia ?uiea eiieo?aioia.
Ia yoaia i?eiyoey iauaai ?aoaiey i auoiaea ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ?uiee e
nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie aacu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa i?aaei?eyoea
aeieaeii nia?aoue eioi?iaoeeth ia iauai ninoiyiee e oaiaeaioeeyo
?acaeoey :
· io?anee, e eioi?ie ioiineony auioneaaiay i?aaei?eyoeai i?iaeoeoeey,
· no?ai, yaeythueony iio?aaeoaeyie e i?iecaiaeeoaeyie yoie
i?iaeoeoeee,
· ioaeaeueiuo oe?i i?iecaiaeeoaeae, iio?aaeoaeae e i?iaeaaoeia
i?iaeoeoeee.
Eco/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieia i?iaiaeeony ia iniiaa neaaeothueo
oa?aeoa?enoee:
· i?iaeoeoeee (io?aneae, aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, oe?i i?iecaiaeeoaeae ,
iaoiaeia e oi?i nauoa e ianeoaeeaaiey i?iaeoeoeee),
· iio?aaeoaeae (io?aneae, aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, oe?i i?iecaiaeeoaeae e
iieoiaoaeae, oeaeae e niiniaia iio?aaeaiey),
· ianoa iaoiaeaeaiey ?uiea (?aaeiia, no?aiu, oa??eoi?ee).
Eiiaeiaoeey yoeo oa?aeoa?enoee ?uiea iacuaaaony
i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iie eiiaeiaoeeae, eioi?ay, nianoaaiii aiai?y, e
i?aaenoaaeyao ec naay aeaenoaeoaeueiue iauaeo eco/aiey e oi?aaeaiey a
ia?eaoeiaa. Oi?ie?iaaiea, ioeaiea e ioai? i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iuo
eiiaeiaoeee (naaiaioia) yaeyaony caaea/ae naaiaioe?iaaiey eee
?uii/iinaaiaioiie iieeoeee i?aaei?eyoey.[7]
Ia ia?aii yoaia eco/aiey ?uiea a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ia?eaoeiaa
i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii ioaaoeoue enneaaeiaaieai eae iiaeii aieaa oe?ieee
naaiaio, o.a. ie?iaie ?uiie aeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Iii aeieaeii nia?aoue
eioi?iaoeeth i oii, eaeea oe?iu, a eaeeo no?aiao i?iecaiaeyo, oi?aotho e
iio?aaeytho aeaiiue aeae i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa.
A aeaeueiaeoai yoa eioi?iaoeey aoaeao aeaoaeece?iaaoueny e
ooi/iyoueny, a eaaeaeay i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iay eiiaeiaoeey iienuaaoueny
ana aieueoei /eneii ia?aiao?ia.
E?iia caaea/e neoaeeoue enoi/ieeii i?iaaaeaiey ia iinoiyiiie iniiaa
ia?niaeoeaiuo ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, aaca aeaiiuo ia?eaoeiaiaie
eioi?iaoeee aoaeao yaeyoueny e iniiaie i?eiyoey iia?aoeaiuo ?aoaiee i?e
caeeth/aiee eiie?aoiuo aeiaiai?ia e eiio?aeoia (eiiuthieoo?iua
eenou).[11]
2.3. NO?AOAAE*ANEEA ?AOAIEss A IAAEAeOIA?IAeIII IA?EAOEIAA.
?aoaiey, i?eieiaaiua i?aaei?eyoeai a iaeanoe ?acaeoey
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaoo eiaoue no?aoaae/aneee e
iia?aoeaiue oa?aeoa?. E iaeaieaa aaaeiui no?aoaae/aneei ?aoaieyi,
ii?aaeaeythuei ana aeaeueiaeoea aeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoey, ioiinyony
?aoaiey iao/anoee a oie eee eiie oi?ia a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee
o?oaea, i auai?a ?uieia e niiniaia i?iieeiiaaiey ia ieo, i no?aoaaeyo
?uii/iiai iiaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ia aua?aiiuo ?uieao.
Iiaeaioiaea e i?eiyoea yoeo ?aoaiee o?aaoao ?ac?aaioee eiiieaeniie
i?ia?aiiu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ?uii/iie oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, yaeythuaeny ia?ac?uaiie /anoueth aai iauae
iao/iioaoie/aneie, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie, nioeeaeueiie e
oeiainiaiyeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.[12]
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi, aiai?y i iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ia?eaoeiaa, iu eiaai
a aeaeo ia iaycaoaeueii yenii?o eee ae?oaoth iiaeiaioth
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?uiea nauou
i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa. A noa?o iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeeth/aaony
e i?iecaiaenoaaiiay, iao/iioaoie/aneay, nauoiaay eiiia?aoeey e
nio?oaeie/anoai ia oa??eoi?ee iaoae no?aiu. Iaycaoaeueiui oneiaeai i?e
yoii yaeyaony iaee/ea eiino?aiiiai ia?oia?a.
Eiuie neiaaie i?aaeaea, /ai ieii/aoaeueii i?eiyoue ?aoaiea i auoiaea ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ?uiee, i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii ?ac?aaioaoue, oioy au a
iaueo /a?oao, eiioeaioeeth naiaai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa
(eiioeaioeeth ?acaeoey naiae aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe), a
caoai oaea i?enooiaoue e aeaoaeueiie i?i?aaioea aii?inia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa.[8]
2.4 Iioeau eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee
Niaea?aeaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ia?eaoeiaiaie eiioeaioeee e
iai?aaeaiey aa ?acaeoey, caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a e oe?iou naycae n
iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ?uieii, eioi?ua a ianoiyuee iiiaio eiaao i?aaei?eyoea.
Yoe nayce iiaoo oa?aeoa?eciaaoueny neaaeothuei:
1. I?aaei?eyoea ia yaeyaony ie yenii?oa?ii, ie eiii?oa?ii
i?iaeoeoeee e ia o/anoaoao ie a eaeeo ae?oaeo oi?iao a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii
?acaeaeaiee o?oaea.
2. I?aaei?eyoea yieciaee/anee iinoaaeyao naith aioiaoth
i?iaeoeoeeth ia yenii?o e niioaaonoaaiii eiii?oe?oao oiaa?u e oneoae
ec-ca a?aieoeu.
3. I?aaei?eyoea o/anoaoao a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea
/a?ac iio?aaeaiea eiii?oiuo iaoa?eaeia e eiiieaeoothueo, iiooao, eee
,iaiai?io, iinoaaeyaiua ei ii eiiia?aoeee iaoa?eaeu e iieooaa?eeaou
yenii?oe?othony a ninoaaa eiia/iie i?iaeoeoeee.
4. I?aaei?eyoea o/anoaoao a ae?oaeo oi?iao a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii
i?iiuoeaiiii e iao/iioaoie/aneii nio?oaeie/anoaa (eiio?aeoiia
i?iecaiaenoai eee niaianoiia i?aaei?eyoea)
Eciaiaiea oa?aeoa?a e aeoaeiu o/anoey i?aaei?eyoey a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii
?acaeaeaiee o?oaea caaeneo io iioeaia eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee e
eiathuaainy a yoie iaeanoe iiuoa i?aaei?eyoey.[14]
E iniiaiui iioeaai o/anoey i?aaei?eyoey a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee
o?oaea, ii aeaiiui ii?ina yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoee, ioiinyony neaaeothuea:
1) no?aieaiea eo/oa eniieueciaaoue eiathueany i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
iiuiinoe,
2) iaeeaeaiea ieceiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa a naiae no?aia,
3) aiciiaeiinoue oeo/oeoue ca n/ao yenii?oa naia oeiainiaia
iieiaeaiea aeey iineaaeothuae iiaea?iecaoeee nianoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai aiia?aoa,
4) no?aieaiea e i?eia?aoaieth ecaanoiinoe a ea/anoaa yenii?oa?a
aioo?e naiae no?aiu,
5) iaania/aiea i?aeiouanoa ia?aae eiieo?aioaie a naiae no?aia,
6) aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey eiino?aiiie aaethou,
7) iaania/aiea aieaa aunieie ?aioaaaeueiinoe iai?ioa ia caa?aie/iuo
?uieao,
8) iieo/aiea ca ?oaaaeii oeaiiiai iiooao,
9) aieaa ieceee o?iaaiue eiieo?aioeee ia caa?aie/iuo ?uieao ii
n?aaiaieth ni naiae no?aiie.
Ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo iioeaia eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee aeey yiiineeo
i?aaei?eyoee iaeaieueoae aaaeiinoueth iaeaaeatho 1,4, 2, 3, 6, 5.
Anoanoaaiii, aeey ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoee yoe iioeau ii aaaeiinoe eiatho
nianai eioth iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue.
A oiaea a?aiy ii?inu yiiineeo i?aaei?eyoee iicaieeee auyaeoue e
aaaeiaeoea i?e/eiu iaaeaeaiey caieiaoueny iaaeaeoia?iaeiui aecianii. A
ea/anoaa aaaeiaeoeo i?e/ei auee iacaaiu:
1) iaeay aaee/eia i?aaei?eyoey;
2) o?oaeiinoue iienea eiino?aiiuo iieoiaoaeae;
3) aeiiieieoaeueiua ecaea?aeee yenii?oa i?aauoatho
aeiiieieoaeueiua cao?aou ia ?anoe?aiea nauoa aioo?e no?aiu;
4) aieueoea aeiiieieoaeueiua oeiainiaua e a?aiaiiua cao?aou ia
caa?aie/iua iiacaeee;
5) iaaeinoaoie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae aeey o/anoey a
yenii?oa;
6) iiaiea, /oi o/anoea a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii aeciana iiae neeo
oieueei e?oiiui i?aaei?eyoeyi
Auyniaiea nianoaaiiuo iioeaia auoiaea eee, iaiai?io, iaauoiaea ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ?uiie eiaao aeey i?aaei?eyoey aaaeiia cia/aiea e iiaeao
iineoaeeoue oie/eii e ?acaa?ouaaieth na?ueaciie ia?eaoeiaiaie ?aaiou.
E?iia oiai, ?ac?aaioea e ?aiaee?iaaiea ia?a/iy iioeaia iicaieeo
ii?aaeaeeoue eiie?aoiua oeaee e oi?iu o/anoey i?aaei?eyoey a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea. Io yoiai aoaeao caaenaoue oaeaea
auai? oeia ia?eaoeiaa: yenii?oiiai eee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai.
2.5 I?ioeann ?ac?aaioee eiioeaioeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa.
I?ioeann ?ac?aaioee e inouanoaeaiey eiioeaioeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
ia?eaoeiaa iiaeao aeeth/aoue ?yae iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo yoaiia:
1. I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue – nai? i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee e
i?eaioe?iai/iue aiaeec i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii iioaioeeaeueii aaaeiuo
caa?aie/iuo ?uieia aeey ii?aaeaeaiey e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai ioai?a
i?ei?eoaoiuo no?ai.
2. Oaca2 – nai? aieaa iieiie (iiae?iaiie) eioi?iaoeee ii eaaeaeie
i?ei?eoaoiie no?aia. Ii?aaeaeaiea ?uii/iuo oainia, ?eneia e
niioaaonoaothueo ei neeueiuo e neaauo noi?ii nianoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea
i?aaei?eyoey ia eaaeaeii i?ei?eoaoiii ?uiea.
3. Oaca 3 -ii?aaeaeaiea, enoiaey ec aaia?aeueiuo oeaeae i?aaei?eyoey,
iaueo oeaeae aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, oeaeae a ioiioaiea
ca?oaaaeiuo ?uieia, e?eoa?eaa naaiaioe?iaaiey e ioai?a ?uieia.
4. ?ac?aaioea aa?eaioia no?aoaaee i?iieeiiaaiey ia ?uiie e ia?aaioee
?uieia, oi?i aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae.
5. Ioeaiea aeueoa?iaoeaiuo no?aoaaee ia ?aaeecoaiinoue e niioaaonoaea
iioaioeeaea i?aaei?eyoey oeaeyi e no?aoaaeyi: auai? no?aoaaee
6. ?ac?aaioea ieaiia ia?eaoeiaa ii eaaeaeie i?ei?eoaoiie no?aia e
iioeiecaoeey iauae no?aoaaee aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey
7. ?aaeecaoeey iinea ?ac?aaioee e i?eiyoey iia?aoeaiuo ieaiia
ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee.
8. Eiio?ieue . Ooi/iaiea / ei??aeoe?iaea eiioeaioeee.
A oiaea auiieiaiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai yoaia i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii
ioeaieoue naith iioaioeeaeueioth eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue e iaiaoeoue
a?oiio no?ai, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue i?eaeaeaoaeueiuie aeey nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee eee ae?oaeo oi?i aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae.
Oaeay ioeaiea iiaeao i?iaiaeeony n iiiiuueth ii?ooaeueiuo iao?eoe,
iicaieythueo iiceoeeiie?iaaoue i?iaeoeoeeth i?aaei?eyoey a oeaeii ii
io?anee a ie?iaii ianooaaa, ii a?oiiai no?ai, ia ?uiea ioaeaeueii
acyoie no?aiu. Eniieueciaaiea ii?ooaeueiuo iao?eoe iicaieyao n?aaieoue e
naycaoue aiaaeeii o?iaaiue auioneaaiie i?aaei?eyoeai i?iaeoeoeee n
o?aaiaaieai iio?aaeoaeae oiai eee eiiai no?aiiaiai ?uiea.
Iaeaieaa io/aoeeai oaeay naycue aeaeia ia i?eia?a ?uaiie
i?iaeoeoeee. Oae i?aaeeaaaaioth ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieao
i?iaeoeoeeth iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue n oi/ee c?aiey aa o?iaiy ia o?e
a?oiiu:
1) i?iaeoeoeeth ieceiai e n?aaeiaai o?iaiy;
2) eiieo?aioiniiniaioth i?iaeoeoeeth;
3) i?iaeoeoeeth aunoaai o?iaiy.
A yenii?oiua ?uiee ii o?iaith o?aaiaaiee e ?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee ia
o?e a?oiiu:
1) auniei?acaeoua no?aiu,
2) no?aiu n aeiaieueii aunieie ?acaeoie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth,
3) ?acaeaathueany no?aiu.
Aac niiiaiey, i?inoua aeaeu i?iaeoeoeee, i?inoay oaoiieiaey iiaoo
auoue i?iaeaiu oieueei oai, aaea i?aaeuyaeythony niioaaonoaaiii ieceea
o?aaiaaiey a ?acaeaathueony no?aiao e a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie a no?aiao
n aeiaieueii auniei ?acaeoie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth. Oniaoiue nauo a
auniei?acaeouo no?aiao o?aaoao niioaaonoaaiii aunieiai o?iaiy ea/anoaa
i?iaeoeoeee .
Aeey ioeaiee oaeoi?ia ?uii/iie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe /aua anaai
eniieuecotho yenia?oiua iaoiaeu, ioeaieaay eaaeaeue e?eoa?ee ii oeaea
io 0 aei 100. ?ane?iai niaea?aeaiea e?eoa?eaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe
no?aiiaiai ?uiea.
1. Iauai (aieinoue ?uiea) yoi iauai nauoa i?iaeoeoeee (a
iaoo?aeueiii eee aeaiaaeiii ecia?aiee) a oa/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai
ia?eiaea a?aiaie a aeaiiie no?aia. Iauai ?uiea iiaeao oaeaea auoue
au?aaeai /a?ac iieacaoaeue yooaeoeaiiai niaaaeaiey aioo?aiiaai ?uiea:
(1) Iauai i?iecaiaenoaa aioo?e no?aiu
(2) Yenii?o
(3) = Iauai i?iaeaaee aioo?e no?aiu
(4) + Eiii?o
________________________________________
(5) = Oai?aoe/aneee iauai niaaaeaiey ?uiea
(6) + Eciaiaiea neeaaeneeo caiania
_________________________________________
(7) = Iauai yooaeoeaiiai niaaaeaiey ?uiea
2. ?ino no?aiiaiai ?uiea ii?aaeaeyaony eiaeaenii ?inoa iauaia ?uiea
(iauaia nauoa) ca ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae.
3. No?oeoo?a iio?aaeoaeae iieacaoaeue, ii?aaeaeyaiue /a?ac
iauaiu i?eia?aoaiey aeaiiiai aeaea i?iaeoeoeee oae iacuaaaiuie
aieueoeie, n?aaeieie, iaeuie iio?aaeoaeyie, ia no?aiiaii ?uiea, a oaeaea
aeieae oie eee eiie iio?aaeoaeueneie a?oiiu a iauai iauaia
iio?aaeaiey aeaiiiai i?iaeoeoa.
4. Aeeaiacii oeai niioiioaiea aa?oieo e ieaeieo i?aaeaeia oeai ia
n?aaieioth i?iaeoeoeeth, eioi?ua nouanoaiaaee ia aeaiiii ?uiea a i?ioeii
eee iiaoo auoue onoaiiaeaiu a aoaeouai, i?e ?acee/iuo niioiioaieyo
oaeaeueiuo oeai ia n?aaieioth i?iaeoeoeeth nianoaaiiie anni?oeiaioiie
i?ia?aiiu i?aaei?eyoey.
5. Iieoiaoaeueiay niiniaiinoue iio?aaeoaeae niiniaiinoue
iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae eee eiia/iuo iio?aaeoaeae i?eia?aoaoue ia
?uiea oiaa?u eee oneoae ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia eee i?eauee.
6. Aeinooiiinoue ?uiea ?aciuo no?ai iiaeao ?acee/aoueny
aneaaenoaea nouanoaiaaiey ia ieo i?ioaeoeeiienoneeo ia? i?aaeoaeuenoa,
?acee/iuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo ii?i, onoaiiaeaiey iaeiinoi?iiieo i?aeiouanoa
ianoiui i?aaei?eyoeyi e ioiineoaeueii aunieeo cao?ao, naycaiiuo n
auoiaeii ia aeaiiue ?uiie.
7. Iieeoe/aneea e yeiiiie/aneea ?enee no?aiiauo ?uieia au?aaeathony
a aeaea iieeoe/aneie e yeiiiie/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe, neaaie i?aaiaie
aacu, ath?ie?aoecaoeee, aunieei o?iaiai eioeyoeee, iauei ia
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui aeaeiaui eeeiaoii.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiay ioeaiea eiieo?aioiuo iiceoeee i?aaei?eyoey ia
eaaeaeii no?aiiaii ?uiea iiaeao oaeaea i?iaiaeeoueny n eniieueciaaieai
ii neaaeothuei e?eoa?eyi.
1. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey, ii?aaeaeaiea
eioi?ie i?aaeiieaaaao ciaiea i?iaeai e iio?aaiinoae iio?aaeoaeae a
?acee/iuo no?aiao, niiinoaaeaiea n i?aaeeiaeaieai aiaeiae/iuo oiaa?ia
i?aaei?eyoee eiieo?aioia.
2. Oeaiu e ae?oaea oneiaey eiio?aeoia a eaaeaeie ec no?ai.
3. Oneiaey e aiciiaeiinoe i?enoonoaey ia oii eee eiii no?aiiaii ?uiea,
aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey:
· niaianoiiai i?aaei?eyoey,
· oeeeaea,
· nauoiaiai aei/a?iaai i?aaei?eyoey.
4. Ioeaiea ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?uii/iuo aeieae i?aaei?eyoee eiieo?aioia
ia eaaeaeii ec no?aiiauo ?uieia. Ciaiea yoie ioeaiee iaiaoiaeeii
aeey i?iaiice?iaaiey iioaioeeaea nauoa e aiciiaeiie aaee/eiu iai?ioa
i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea eaaeaeie no?aiu.
5. Ioeaiea aiciiaeiuo oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoia, eioi?ua i?aaei?eyoea
iiaeao iieo/eoue ia eaaeaeii ec ?anniao?eaaaiuo no?aiiauo ?uieia.
Yoe ?acoeueoaou iiaoo auoue ecia?aiu iieacaoaeyie i?eauee,
?aioaaaeueiinoe, iaeiieaiiie ca ia?eiae /enoie i?eauee (Cash flow).[13]
N oi/ee c?aiey i?aaei?eyoey, ia?a/eneaiiua e?eoa?ee iiaoo eiaoue
?acee/ioth aaaeiinoue, iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii acaaneoue ioeaiee ii
ioaeaeueiui e?eoa?eyi. Oeaeaniia?acii ioeaiee i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe ?uieia
e eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?iaiaeeoue a ?ac?aca aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee
(oneoa), a ie?iaii ianooaaa (ii io?anee a oeaeii), a ?ac?aca no?ai, ii
i?iaeoeoiai?uii/iui eiiaeiaoeeyi (i?iaeoeono?aia).
Ioeaiea i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe ?uiea e eiieo?aioiuo iiceoeee i?iecaiaeeony
n o/aoii aania aaaeiinoe e?eoa?eaa:
1. Iiae?acaeaeaiea / I?iaeoeo
2. ?aaeii / No?aia
3. I?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue
3.1 Iauai ?uiea
3.2 ?ino ?uiea
3.3 No?oeoo?a iio?aaeoaeae
3.4 Aeeaiacii oeai
3.5 Iieoiaoaeueiay niiniaiinoue
3.6 Aeinooiiinoue ?uiea
3.7 Eioaineaiinoue eiieo?aioeee
3.8 Iieeoeeiyeiiiie/aneea ?enee
Eniieueciaaiea iaoiaea ioeaiee i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe no?aiiauo ?uieia e
o?iaiy eiieo?aioeee ia ieo aeaao aiciiaeiinoue eeanneoeoee?iaaoue yoe
?uiee ii noaiaie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe e aeinooiiinoe n oi/ee c?aiey o?iaiy
eiieo?aioeee e iiceoeeiie?iaaoue naia i?aaei?eyoea (naith
i?iaeoeoeeth) ia eaaeaeii ec yoeo ?uieia ii ioiioaieth e i?enoonoaothuei
oai i?aaei?eyoeyieiieo?aioai.
Oaeia iiceoeeiie?iaaiea inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth oae iacuaaaiuo
ii?ooaeueiuo iao?eoe, a eioi?uo iauaeo aiaeeca (no?aia, i?iaeoeoeey,
i?aaei?eyoea) iiceoeeiie?oaony ioiineoaeueii ?uii/iie
i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe e eiieo?aioiuo iiceoeee .
3. I?aaiecaoeey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee
?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee ssiiiee.
3.1 IAOIAeEEA i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa – iauea
iieiaeaiey.
Oeaeue ?aaiou ninoieo a i?eia?aoaiee i?aeoe/aneeo iaaueia eco/aiey
eiiuthieoo?u iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieia e iainiiaaiey ?aoaiee ii auai?o
iaeaieaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiuo aeey AYAe no?aiiauo ?uieia.
Iniiaiua yoaiu i?iaaaeaiey
1. Iainiiaaiea auai?a i?iaeoeoa aeey yenii?oa/eiii?oa.
Auae?aaony i?iaeoeo (a?oiia i?iaeoeoia, oneoa, aeaeia aeciana),
iaeaaeathuee iioaioeeaeueiie eieo?aioiniiniaiinoueth ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
?uieao. Io?aneaaay i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue i?iaeoeoa.
2. Iainiiaaiea auai?a no?aiiauo ?uieia
Ia iniiaa aiaeeca eeoa?aoo?iuo enoi/ieeia (iaaeaeoia?iaeiay e
oaiiaeaiiay noaoenoeea, no?aiiaua e oe?iaiiua ni?aai/ieee, aiaeeoe/aneea
iaoa?eaeu a i?anna e ae?.):
2.1 Auae?aaony a?oiia no?ai iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae (i?e yenii?oa)
eee i?iecaiaeeoaeae (i?e eiii?oa) aua?aiiiai i?iaeoeoa
2.2 Ioeaieaaaony i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue yoeo no?ai ii e?eoa?eyi “?uii/iay
i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue” – “Aiciiaeiua eiieo?aioiua iiceoeee”.
2.3 ?ac?aaaouaaaony ?aiaee?iaaiiue ia?a/aiue (a?oiie?iaea) iaeaieaa
i?eaeaeaoaeueiuo no?ai yenii?oa?ia (eiii?oa?ia).
2.4 No?ieony no?aiiaue ii?ooaeue ii aua?aiiiio i?iaeoeoo.
2.5 Iainiiauaaaony ieii/aoaeueiue auai? no?aiiauo ?uieia.
A ea/anoaa iaoiaeee aiaeeca, ioeaiee e ioai?a iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
iaoiaeu aaeueiie ioeaiee, eiaeaenu eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe e
iaoiaeu eiee/anoaaiiie ioeaiee noaoeonoe/aneie eioi?iaoeee.
3. Iainiiaaiea auai?a ?uii/iuo naaiaioia a ioia?aiiuo no?aiao
3.1 Iainiiauaathony e?eoa?ee naaiaioaoeee.
3.2 Auae?athony e iienuaathony ?uii/iua naaiaiou.
3.3 No?ieony ii?ooaeue”i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe-eiieo?aioiuo iiceoeee”
naaiaioia ?uiea
3.4 Ii?aaeaeyaony eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue oiaa?a ia aua?aiiuo naaiaioao
?uiea a ioia?aiiuo no?aiao
4. Iainiiaaiea no?aoaaee aiaae?aiey ia aua?aiiue naaiaio ?uiea
(yenii?o/eiii?o, i?yiua oicyenoaaiiua nayce)
3.2 Iainiiaaiea auoiaea ia ?uiie ssiiiee ( ia i?eia?a i?aoaeoo?u
Oieeaeaei).
3.2.1 Iienaiea aiciiaeiinoae e iio?aaiinoae – iauea iieiaeaiey.
Aeaeueiaainoi/iua i?ea?aaeiua ?aeiiu ?innee e i?ea?aaeiua aiaeu i.
Oieeaeaei aanueia aiaaou iaeniieueciaaiiuie ii?neeie ?ano?naie.
Na?ue?ciie caaea/ae aeey ?uaii?iiuneiauo e?oaia AeA ?aeiiia ?innee
yaeyaony inaiaiea iaeniieueciaaiiuo aiaaouo ?ano?nia.
Oaeei ia?acii aiciiaeii i?iaaaeaiea niaianoiuo enneaaeiaaiee ii
auyaeaieth ii?iae iioeiaeueiuo ia?eiaeia i?iiunea, iaoiaeia eiaa a
i?ea?aaeiuo aiaeao ?innee e nioaaeaiea, auiieiaiea ?aioaaaeueiuo
i?iaeoia ia iniiaa acaeiiauaiaeiuo i?eioeeiia.
Enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeyony neaaeothuei ia?acii: i. Oieeaeaei
i?aaeinoaaeyao ?aaieiaiua noaea, nianoe, aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoia; ?inney i?aaeinoaaeyao i?aai caoiaea a niioaaonoaothuea
?aeiiu i?iiunea e iaania/eaaao ia?niiaeii. ?aaioa inouanoaeyaony
iiyoaiii.
Yoai ?1
Enneaaeiaaiea ?uaiuo ii?iae, ia?eiaeia i?iiunea e iaoiaeia i?iiunea a
i?ea?aaeiuo aiaeao.
Yoai ? 2
Ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoia, iaania/eaathueo ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?aaiou.
Yoai ?3
I?iaaaeaiea i?iiuneia ia iniiaa niaianoiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa e i?eioeeiia
auiieiaiey i?iaeoia inaiaiey.
Ia o?aoueai yoaia ?acaeoea ii?neiai i?iiunea iaaeo noi?ii iicaieeo
?aoeoue aeey eaaeaeie ec ieo iniiaiua aii?inu, eioi?ua a aeaeueiaeoai
ieaaeoo aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea ?uaiie io?anee eaaeaeie no?aiu e yeiiiieee a
oeaeii.
Aeey ?innee iieiaeeoaeueiuie noi?iiaie oaeie niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe
yaeythony : i?eia?aoaiea eiaaethou; i?eaaaeaiea a ii?yaeie
eio?ano?oeoo?u; i?eaaaeaiea a ii?yaeie nenoaiu oiaa?iiai?ioa; ?ac?aoaiea
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie i?iaeaiu .
Aeey i. Oieeaeaei nieiaaony i?iaeaia iaania/aiey ianaeaiey
i?iaeiaieuenoaeai e iaania/aiea ianoa i?iiunea. Iineaaeiaa noieo i/aiue
ino?i, oae eae aeayoaeueiinoue ?uaieiaiuo e?oaia Oieeaeaei aei neo ii?
iie?aeanue ia i?iaaaeaiea i?iiuneia a naaa?iuo aiaeao. Iaeiaei a nayce n
ionoonoaeai aiciiaeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey a aeaeueiaeoai i?iiunea a
oiiiyioouo aiaeao iaaethaeaaony ecauoie ?uaieiaiuo noaeia, i?iiuneiauo
n?aaenoa, a oae aea i?icaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae a iaeanoe ia?a?aaioee.
ssiiineay noi?iia iiaeao i?aaeinoaaeoue iio – oao, n?aaenoaa i?iiunea n
yooaeoeaiui eniieueciaaieai iio – oao e iai?oaeiaaiey ii
ia?a?aaioea.[Aeaia?oaiaio I? i.Oieeaeaei]
Ii?ai?iaeoeou, aeiauoua a ?acoeueoaoa i?iiunea ?inneeneie noi?iiie ,
iio?aaeythony ia ?inneeneii ?uiea.
Ii?ai?iaeoeou, aeiauoua a ?acoeueoaoa i?iiunea yiiineie noi?iiie ,
?aaeecothony ia eiineaiaoeeiiiie iniiaa ia yiiineii ?uiea, a i?eaueue
?ani?aaeaeyaony iaaeaeo ?inneeneie e yiiineie noi?iiaie.
A ianoiyuae eo?niaie ?aaioa iainiiaaiea i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee ?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee i?aaeeaaaaony
?anniio?aoue ia i?eia?a aunieiea/anoaaiiuo ei?iiauo i?iaeoeoia e ?uaiuo
aee?ia.
3.2.2. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea i?iecaiaenoaa e eniieueciaaiey ?uaiie
i?iaeoeoeee.
Ioa/anoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai aunieiea/anoaaiiuo ei?iiauo i?iaeoeoia e a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ei?iiaie ioee yaeyaony ieceiyooaeoeaiui, /oi aeaao
iniiaaiea aeey ?acaeoey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa a yoie
iaeanoe.
Aaia?aoe/aneee oaeoi? iaoneiaee iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?acaeoey yeiiiie/aneiai
acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo iaoae no?aiie ( Aeaeueiaainoi/iui ?aaeiiii) e
ssiiieae . O?aaeeoeeiiiua oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu i?iecaiaenoaa
ei?iiaie ioee, i?eiaiyaiua a iaoe aeie, auee ?ac?aaioaiu iiiai eao
iacaae e ?ann/eoaiu ia ia?a?aaioeo aeinoaoi/ii yeiiiie/iui niiniaii
aieueoiai eiee/anoaa aeae?iaeiioia a ioeo e aee?. Aaaaeaiiua ca yoi
a?aiy oniaa?oainoaiaaiey einioeenue ioaeaeueiuo aii?inia, ii iaei
aieiaiey i?e yoii oaeaeyeinue aeeyieth oaoiieiae/aneeo ?aaeeiia ia
ea/anoai i?iaeoeoa. Ei?iiaoth ioeo ec aeae?iaeiioia ioeaieaatho a
iniiaiii ii aa aaeeiaiio ninoaao. Iieo/aaiue i?e i?iecaiaenoaa ei?iiaie
ioee aee? oa?aeoa?ecoaony eae iieooaa?eeao, iniaaiii i?e ioa?ocea a
oaiea?u. Ni?in ia ioeo aunieiai ea/anoaa aaeea, ii n?aaiaieth n ei?iiaie
?uaiie ioeie, aic?in, oaeay i?iaeoeoeey a iniiaiii i?aaeiacia/aaony aeey
ecaioiaeoaeae ei?iia a aeaaeoeueoo?a e ii?eiauo oicyenoaao, ii iiaeao
eniieueciaaoueny aeey iio?aaeaiey /aeiaaeii. A oi aea a?aiy e aeey
i?aaei?eyoee, i?iecaiaeyueo ioeo ec aeae?iaeiioia, auaiaeii iieo/aoue
oaeiai ea/anoaa i?iaeoeo, oeaia ca eioi?ue aoaeao auoa, /ai ca iau/ioth
?uaioth ioeo. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ei?iiaoth ioeo ec ?ua, aaniicaiii/iuo e
iooiaeia iieo/atho i?anniai-nooeeueiui niiniaii e iaiiiai i?yiie
nooeie. I?iecaiaenoai ei?iiaie ioee niiniaii yeno?aeoeee aee?a ec
nooaiee (iieooaa?eeaoa ioee) ?acee/iuie i?aaie/aneeie ?anoai?eoaeyie
eniieuecoaony oieueei a ca?oaaaeiuo no?aiao , /oi iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaii a ?uaiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe ssiiiee .[15]
Aiaeec i?iecaiaenoaa ei?iiaie ioee ec aeae?iaeiioia ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
I?eii?uey iieacae, /oi n?aaeiee auoiae i?iaeoeoeee ninoaaee: ia
i?anniai-nooeeueiuo onoaiiaeao n auia?iui iai?oaeiaaieai – 16,5; aac
auia?iiai iai?oaeiaaiey – 15,3 , i?yiie nooeie n i?anniaaieai nooaiee –
15,6 %, a oi aea a?aiy, ii aeaiiui ?iiaiiaa A.A. e ae?oaeo aaoi?ia,
auoiae i?iaeoeoeee yoeie niiniaaie iiaeao ninoaaeyoue 1924 % .
Iaaeinoaoee i?eiaiythueony niiniaia i?iecaiaenoaa o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
ei?iiauo i?iaeoeoia iaoneiaeee iaiaoiaeeiinoue enneaaeiaaiee ii eo
niaa?oainoaiaaieth n oeaeueth onei?aiey aiaae?aiey ?acoeueoaoia a
i?iiuoeaiiinoue aac cia/eoaeueiie ?aeiino?oeoeee aeaenoaothuaai
?uaiio/iiai iai?oaeiaaiey e n ieieiaeueiuie cao?aoaie.
Iiyoiio ia?aae iaie noiyee caaea/e ooi/iaiey iieacaoaeae nia?aiaiiiai
nu?uey ec aeae?iaeiioia, eniieuecoaiiai ia ei?iiaua oeaee,
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey o?aaeeoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa ei?iiaie ioee
e aee?a ecaanoiuie niiniaaie, ?aaeaiaioaoeee ea/anoaa i?e o?aiaiee aeey
oeo/oaiey yeiiiie/aneeo, oaoiieiae/aneeo e yeieiae/aneeo iieacaoaeae
?aaiou aee?iio/iiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia?eaoeia ei?iiaie ?uaiie ioee. Ii aeaiiui OAI, iooiaeu io ?acaeaeuaaiey
nu?uey e iaeniieuecoaiiai i?eeiaa a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ninoaaeytho io 5 aei
20 iei o/aiae .
A iineaaeiea aiaeu a no?aiao Aa?iiaeneiai Niae?oaeanoaa ia?aoiaeyo io
aeanoeiai eiio?iey ca ?aaioie i?aaei?eyoee e nenoaia i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
caa?yciaiey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu iooai eeoeaice?iaaiey ?aaiou
?uaiia?a?aaaouaathueo i?aaei?eyoee. ?ac?aaioai aeiionoeiue o?iaaiue
iooiaeia i?e ia?a?aaioea nu?uey, %: ono?eoeu – 7580, e?aau -7075,
e?aaaoee -5055, ooiaoe -4050, eininue -3035, neoia?ey -3035, iooiaeu io
ia?a?aaioee ?ua n ieineie oi?iie oaea – 4555, n e?oaeie -3540
.[Aeaia?oaiaio i?.Oieeaeaei]
I?e?ino iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa ioee iaania/eaaaony ca n/ao oaaee/aiey
auionea aa ec aee?iuo ?ua: naeueaeaauo, ai/ionia, na?aeeiu, iieau e
ae?., – a ec aeiiiuo ?ua – n eaaeaeui aiaeii oiaiueoaaony, iineieueeo
eo aeiey a iauai oeiaa ia i?aauoaao 3 %. I?e i?iaaaeaiee nianoaaiiuo
ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee iu ioeaieaaee iauee iauai auionea ei?iiaie
ioee ia o?iaia ieiei 6 iei o e i?aaeiieiaeeee oaiaeaioeeth e nieaeaieth
aa i?iecaiaenoaa aneaaenoaea ?yaea i?e/ei: ia?ai?eaioaoeee oaoiieiaee ia
ieuaaia eniieueciaaiea nu?uey, eciaiaiey aeaeiaiai ninoaaa oeiaia, ?inoa
yeiiiie/aneeo cao?ao e yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai ?uaiio/iiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
A iineaaeiea aiaeu eciaiaiea iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa ?uaiie ioee
ioaeaeueiuie no?aiaie i?eaaei e nieaeaieth yenii?oiuo iinoaaie aa ia
ie?iaii ?uiea. Iai?eia?, a *eee a iineaaeiea aiaeu yenii?oe?iaaii ieiei
180 oun.o ?uaiie ioee ii n?aaiaieth n 260 oun.o a i?aaeuaeouea ia?eiaeu
. Ec ieo ieiei 43 iai?aaeaii a ssiiieth, 33 – ia Oaeaaiue e 160 oun.o –
a O?A. Aeaiiua ia yenii?oa e eiii?oa ?uaiie ioee iaeioi?uie aa?iiaeneeie
no?aiaie e NOA iiaeoaa?aeaeatho iauaie?iaua oaiaeaioeee (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoea 1
Yenii?oii-eiii?oiua iia?aoeee n ei?iiaie ?uaiie ioeie
No?aiaIaoeeiiaeueiay aea-Ia?eiae, a.iaaeiay
aaeeieoea198819891990(I-IIIian.)1995*O?Aia?ea485x192
333x870267x894
455x802300x900
450x800250x1000
400x900Eneaiaeeyoun.ene. e?ii176x21131x3044x23100x30Ia eiii?oe?oao a
eiiia?/aneeo eiee/anoaao*Ii?aaaeye?iia7o376845o36189o401420o4030Ia
eiii?oe?oao a eiiia?/aneeo eiee/anoaao*E?eaiaeeye?e.ooio.
noa?e.7o2808o3062o3246o32010o41114o3836o3548o330O?aioeeyo?aie5o3883
73o32848o3223
74o31812o3312
20o28236o3400
30o3000NOAaeieea?112o21068o7026o79550o800Ia eiii?oe?oao a eiiia?/aneeo
eiee/anoaao*Aaeeeia?eoaieyooio. noa?e.
3o443
60o410*2o340
50o320*2o360
71o3023o400
75o320I?eia/aiea. A /eneeoaea: iauai a oun.o yenii?oa e oeaia ca 1 o a
iaoeeiiaeueiie aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoea; a ciaiaiaoaea: oi aea ii eiii?oo
?acei oaaee/eeny eiii?o ?uaiie ioee a THaeioth Ao?eeo, NOA e no?aiu
Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu . I?e/eiie yoiai yaeeinue nouanoaaiiia nieaeaiea aa
auionea (ii/oe 44 %). A ?acoeueoaoa niaianoiue yenii?o ?uaiie ioee ec
*eee, Ia?o, Aeaiee e Eneaiaeee aic?in e ninoaaee ii/oe 1/3 ie?iaiai
yenii?oa . Iniiaiuie no?aiaie iacia/aiey ?uaiie ioee auee: AN – ieiei
850; no?aiu Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu – ieiei 100, NOA – 146 e Aano?aeey – ieiei
30 oun.o. Noieue ?aceia iiauoaiea yoeie no?aiaie eiii?oa ?uaiie ioee
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaianuuaiiinoe aioo?aiiaai ?uiea. Neaaeoao
ioiaoeoue, /oi ianuuaiea ie?iaiai ?uiea ?uaiie ioeie nii?iaiaeaeaaony ia
oieueei oaaee/aieai iauaia iinoaaie yoie i?iaeoeoeee, ii e iiauoaieai aa
ea/anoaa e aeieiae/aneie oeaiiinoe.
Aiaeec eciaiaiey oeai ia ?uaioth ioeo iieacae, /oi iie iinoiyiii ?anooo.
Oae, ia ?uiea Aaiao?aa 65 %y ii niaea?aeaieth aaeea /eeeeneay ioea
noieea 385, a ia?oaineay 64 %y – 375 aeiee. NOA /o . Aieaa aunieay oeaia
aeaoneie naeueaeaaie 72 %e ioee – 430 aeao. e?ii/ea. A oio aea ia?eiae
ia ?uieao Aaeeeia?eoaiee oeaia ia ?uaioth ioeo iaoiaeeeanue ia
neaaeothuai o?iaia: aeaoneay naeueaeaaay 72 %y – 400, /eeeeneay
a?aioee?iaaiiay 66 %y – 295, o?aneiaay – 320, e?eaiaeneay ec iieau 70 %y
– 330 ooio.noa?e./o .
I?iecaiaenoai ei?iiaie ioee a ?innee. Ninoiyiea ?uaiiai oicyenoaa no?aiu
ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia iaoneiaeaii iieeoe/aneeie e yeiiiie/aneeie
i?ioeannaie: ?acainoaea?noaeaiea nianoaaiiinoe, i?aaenoaaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoeyi oe?ieeo i?aa a oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey e ae?. Ca iineaaeiea aiaeu
i?iecaiaenoai ei?iiaie ioee a ?innee oiaiueoeeinue a 2,4 ?aca, a
ei?iiaie ?uau – a 1,9 ?aca . Aaneiio?ieueiinoue a iaeanoe iaania/aiey
?uaiie i?iaeoeoeeae, iaiainiiaaiiue ?ino iauaiia yenii?oa aieaa /ai a 2
?aca i?eaaee e ineoaeaieth aioo?aiiaai ?uiea. E?eceniua yaeaiey
i?iaeieaeathony aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie. Iauee aueia aeae?iaeiioia a
?innee nieceeny ii/oe ia 1 e ninoaaee ieiei 4,0 iei o. ssaii i?iyaeeanue
ia?aaeeneieaoeey ioa/anoaaiiiai i?iiunea a yeiiiie/aneoth ciio ?innee.
I?e yoii ?uaieianoai nin?aaeioi/eeinue ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea (85,7 %).
Iauee oeia ?innee a yeiiiie/aneeo ciiao eiino?aiiuo ainoaea?noa
nie?aoeeny a 2 ?aca e ninoaaee iaiaa 1 iei o, a ioe?uouo ?aeiiao
Ie?iaiai ieaaia – cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa. Oiaiueoaiea auionea ei?iiaie
i?iaeoeoeee i?iecioei ia oieueei ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey iauaiia aeiau/e, ii
e nieaeaiey aeoaeiu ia?a?aaioee nu?uey. A oi aea a?aiy ia?aaioea ?uau
ia ianoao iicaieyao aieaa /ai a 2 ?aca nie?aoeoue iauaiu ia?aaicie,
nicaeaoue aiciiaeiinoue aeey iaeaieaa iieiiai e eiiieaeniiai
eniieueciaaiey nu?uey. ?uaiio/iia i?iecaiaenoai ia 92 % ?aniieiaeaii a
?uaii?iiuoeaiiuo ?aeiiao. Eniieueciaaiea iiuiinoae ?uaiio/iiai
i?iecaiaenoaa a ?innee nieceeinue e ninoaaeei 18,6 %, eee 117,8 oun.o
(a AI “Aeaeue?uaa” ieiei 70 %) .
Naiue ieceee eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?uaiio/iuo
iiuiinoae n?aaee i?aaei?eyoee AI “I?eii??uai?ii” (AI “I?I”) ia
aa?aaiauo ?uaieiiaeiaoao (?E) – 37, a oi a?aiy eae a AI “IAOO” – 84.3,
AI “IAAI?” – 60.0 e AI “AAO?O” – 95.7 %. I?e/ai aeiey auionea a iauaia
ei?iiaie i?iaeoeoeee a I?eii?uea ninoaaeea aeey aa?aaiauo ?E – 2,2; AI
“IAOO”- 7,4; AI “IAAI?” – 24,3 e AI “AAO?O” – 66,1 %.
?anoouee iauai eiii?oa ?uaiie ioee a ?yaea no?ai oeacuaaao ia
iaianuuaiiinoue yoie i?iaeoeoeeae ie?iaiai ?uiea e ia?niaeoeaiinoue
aeaeueiaeoaai aai ?acaeoey a ssiiiee. Ecaanoii, /oi ia oeaiu ei?iiaie
ioee aeeytho ianeieueei oaeoi?ia: iaee/ea nu?uey, iauai iinoaaie ioee ia
?uiie, aaee/eia aa eiii?oa, a oaeaea iauai i?iecaiaenoaa e oeaiu ia
niaaoth ioeo , i?eiaiyaioth a ei?iao, noieiinoue nu?uey, oiieeaa,
yeaeo?iyia?aee, aiaeu e ae?. A nayce n yoei aeey iioeiecaoeee ?aoaiey
ia?eaoeiaiauo caaea/ iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaaouaaoue eiiiuethoa?iua
i?ia?aiiu, onoaiaaeeaathuea aeeyiea ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia.[12]
Ia?eaoeia ?uaiiai aee?a. Ca iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey au?aaioea aee?ia ec
ii?neeo aeae?iaeiioia aic?inea ai anai ie?a i?eia?ii a 1,41,5 ?aca, /oi
ninoaaeei aieaa 1,5 iei o . Iniiaioth ianno au?aaaouaaaiuo aee?ia
ninoaaeytho ooeiaeuiua, iieo/aaiua ec iooiaeia ia?a?aaioee nu?uey ec
ia?acaeaeaiiie ?uau. I?iecaiaenoai ia/aii/iuo ?uaiuo aee?ia nie?aoeeinue
n 0,03 aei 0,009 iei o. Iaaaeeea a iauai auionea aeiey aee?ia ec ii?neeo
ieaeiieoathueo, ae?oaeo aiaeiuo aeeaioiuo e ninoaaeyao ieiei
0,004 iei o. Ii aeaiiui Einii O.A., Oeoii O.O., eioa?anioth yaiethoeeth
ia?aaeeei a ssiiiee i?iecaiaenoai aee?ia n aunieei niaea?aeaieai
aeoaieiia, au?aaaouaaaiuo ec ia/aie e aioo?aiiinoae ?ua . Ai aoi?ie
iieiaeia 30o aiaeia yoi i?iecaiaenoai noaei auno?i ?acaeaaoueny e a
40o aa. aeinoeaei naiaai iaeneioia – aieaa 4,0; a aiaeu aieiu e ia?aua
iineaaiaiiua aiaeu i?iecaiaenoai aeoaieiiuo aee?ia aea?aeaeinue ia
o?iaia 2,53,0 oun.o, caoai ia/aeinue ?aceia nie?auaiea i?iecaiaenoaa,
/oi iaoneiaeei ?acaeoea yoiai i?iecaiaenoaa aianoiyuaa a?aiy a ssiiiee.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy auione aee?ia ianeieueei oaaee/eeny. Nie?auaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa aeoaieiiuo aee?ia nii?iaiaeaeaeinue iaaeaieai oeai ia ieo:
anee n?aaeiyy oeaia i?iiuoeaiiinoe ca 1 aaeeii yoiai aee?a ninoaaeyea
11,8 aeiee. (a oeaiao ia/aea 90o aa.), oi iia nieceeanue i?e nie?auaiee
iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa aei 7 aeiee. NOA. Iaaeaiea oeai i?e nie?auaiee
i?iecaiaenoaa naycaii n auno?ui ?inoii auionea aieaa aeaoaauo
neioaoe/aneeo aeoaieiia . Aiaeece?oy eciaiaiey iauaiia auionea ?uaiiai
aee?a ca iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi, ianiio?y ia
iaeioi?ua eieaaaiey aai i?iecaiaenoaa, a ioaeaeueiua aiaeu iaaethaeaaony
oaiaeaioeey oaaee/aiey ie?iaiai auionea yoie i?iaeoeoeee . Iaeaieaa
aunie o?iaaiue i?iecaiaenoaa aee?a a ssiiiee (ieiei 500 oun.o), ia
aeieth eioi?ie i?eoiaeeony ii/oe 1/3 ie?iaiai iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa
?uaiiai aee?a (oaae. 2).
Oaaeeoea2
Yenii?oii-eiii?oiua iia?aoeee n ?uaiui aee?ii
No?aiaYenii?o, a.Eiii?o, a.198519881995*198519881995*Anaai1098
374814
327800
300996
300836
284800
300NOA 137
3713
1010
89
513
1010
8Ia?o35
82
120
56
227
1020
5Aaeeei-a?eoaieyIa yenii?oe?oao a eiiia?/aneeo eiee/anoaao*265
84164
58200
100Ieaea?-eaiaeuOi aea*234
71150
51200
100O?AOi aea*278
84137
50200
100ssiiiey250
62348
100300
150Ia eiii?oe?oao a eiiia?/aneeo eiee/anoaao**eee13536762410050Oi
aea*NNN?
(?inney)0,1
0,231
1220
10Oi aea* I?eia/aiea. A /eneeoaea oeacaii eiee/anoai a iei o; a
ciaiaiaoaea – noieiinoue a iei aeieea?ia NOA
Iinea ssiiiee eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea n?aaee iniiaiuo
no?ai-i?iecaiaeeoaeae aee?a caiyee Ia?o e *eee, au?aaaouaaaony ?uaiue
aee? oaeaea a ?innee e NOA (ni. oaae. 2).
A iineaaeiea aiaeu iaaethaeaeinue nieaeaiea oeai ia ?uaiue aee? a ?yaea
no?ai Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu e NOA. Iaeaieaa ?acei (ia 80 %) oiaee oeaiu ia
?uaiue aee?, yenii?oe?oaiue ec Aaeeeia?eoaiee; oeaia aai ninoaaeea
966 ooio.noa?e./o. Cia/eoaeueiui auei oaeaea iaaeaiea oeai ia aee?
i?iecaiaenoaa O?A e Ii?aaaee; oeaia ninoaaeea 698 ia?ie/o e 1811 e?ii/o
niioaaonoaaiii . Yoi yaeyaony iniiaiie i?aaeiinueeie ?acaeoey
i?iecaiaenoaa ?uaiiai aee?a ia ino?iaa Oieeaeaei.[Aeaia?oaiaio ii?neiai
?uaieianoaa i?.Oieeaeaei]
?uaiie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth ?innee au?aaaouaaaony ?uaiuo aee?ia ieiei 100 e
ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea ieiei 50, a oii /enea aaoa?eia?iiai – iaiaa 20
oun.o. Nouanoaaiiiai oaaee/aiey iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee a
aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy ia iaeeaeaaony.
Aiaeec ie?iaiai i?iecaiaenoaa iicaieyao iai i?aaeiieiaeeoue oaaee/aiea a
aeeaeaeoea aiaeu ni?ina ia ?uaiua aee?u e aunieiea/anoaaiiua ei?iiaua
i?iaeoeou e ?ino eo oeaiu, /oi aeaeaao aeooaeueiui e iaiaoiaeeiui
?ac?aaioeo i?ia?aiiu i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa yoeo
aeaeia ?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee eiiuetheoo?u ?uiea.
3.2.3 Iainiiaaiea auai?a ?uiea. I?aeiouanoaa yeiiiieee ssiiiee
Ia iniiaaiee auoai?iaaaeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae –
aeey ?inneeneie noi?iiu auaiaeai auoiae ia ?uiie ssiiiee ( aieaa oiai ia
?uiie i. Oieeaeaei) . Yoi naycaii i?aaeaea anaai n oai , /oi :
1. A ssiiiee aunieee o?iaaiue no?oeoo?u ?uaii?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee.
2. Auoanoiyueie i?aaiecaoeeyie ?uaieiaiuo eiiia?aoeaia – iniiaiuo
caaiueaa i?iecaiaenoaa yaeythony : annioeeaoeey ?uaieiaiuo eiiia?aoeaia
Oieeaeaei, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo naycaia n ?aaeecaoeeae
ii?ai?iaeoeoia; annioeeaoeey ii ?oeiaiaenoao ?uaieiaiuie eiiia?aoeaaie;
annioeeaoeey e?aaeeoiuo ?uaieiaiuo eiiia?aoeaia.
3. Aunieee o?iaaiue nenoaiu no?aoiaaiey i?aaei?eyoee , ?aaioathueo a
?uaiie io?anee.
4. Ia i. Oieeaeaei neiioeaio?e?iaaii aieueoia eiee/anoai ?uaieiaiuo
eiiia?aoeaii, caieiathueony ia?a?aaioeie ?uaiie i?iaeoeee, a oii /enea
ioee e aee?a, /oi iicaieyao nieceoue noieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee cia n/ao
nie?auaiey o?ainii?oiuo e neeaaeneeo ?anoiaeia.
5. Ia Oieeaeaei i?aiaeaaeatho i?iecaiaenoaa , iio?aaeythuea aeaiiua
aeaeu i??iaeoeoeee ( iaeneiaeueiia iio?aaeaiea ioiineoaeueii ae?oaeo
i?aoaeoo?.
3.2.4 Iaoaieci oeaiiia?aciaaiey.
Noieiinoue i?iaeoeoa ii?neiai i?iiunea a ea/anoaa oiaa?a ia?aaeaaony
/a?ac ianeieueei yoaiia io i?iecaiaeeoaey aei iio?aaeoaey.
I?iecaiaeeoaeue ( aeiauaathuaa i?iecaiaenoai ) i?iaeaao oiaa? ii oeaia n
o/aoii ?anoiaeia, iio?aaiaaaoeony aeey i?iecaiaenoaa:
· noieiinoue ?uaieiaiuo nianoae e naoae,
· ca?ieaou ia?niiaea.
· aii?oecaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu,
· aaeieieno?aoeaiua ?anoiaeu,
· ?anoiaeu ii ?aaeecaoeee,
· e ae?.
E?iia ?anoiaeia oeaia i?iecaiaeeoaey aeeth/aao niioaaonoaothuoth
i?eaueue.
Oiaa? iinooiaao a neaaeothuoth noaaeeth nauoa.
Neaaeothuay i?aaiecaoeey ii iioiaie ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a i?eia?aoaao oiaa?
io i?iecaiaeeoaey e , aeiaaaea naith aeieth i?eauee ( iioiaay oeaia ) ,
ia?aaeaao oiaa? iaaaceio ?icie/iie ?aaeecaoeee.
Ia iineaaeiai yoaia, eiaaea oiaa? iinooiaao a ?oee iio?aaeoaey, oeaia
oiaa?a ( ?icie/iay oeaia ) noaiiaeony iaiiiai auoa oeaiu i?iecaiaeeoaey.
3.2.5 I?aaiecaoeey nauoa.
A ssiiiee i?aaiecaoeeae nauoa ia iae?io?iaia caieiaaony ioaeae ii
nenoaia ia?auaiey a ?aieao Niaaoa ii i?iiuoeaiiie no?oeoo?a i?e
ieienoa?noaa aiaoiae oi?aiaea e i?iiuoeaiiinoe. ssiiineay nenoaia
ia?auaiey eiaao ianeieueei ?aoeeiiaeueiuo /a?o:
1. Noaiaea?oecaoeey nenoaiu ia?auaiey e oi?aiauo iia?aoeee,
nenoaiaoecaoeey niaaaeaiey e nauoa, oieoeeaoeey eiaeia oiaa?iuo /aeia,
iioeiecaoeey aeaeii?iecaiaenoaa a noa?a i?aaiecaoeee nauoiaie
aeayoaeueiinioe.
2. Nenoaiaoecaoeey oece/aneiai ia?aiauaiey oiaa?ia ioo?i nicaeaiey
oi?aiauo oeaio?ia, aaeeiuo eee naycaiiuo nenoai iaaaceiia, iaania/aiea
acaeiioaycaiiuo ia?aaicie.
3. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea nenoaiu ei?ii?aoeaiuo naycae, nauoiauo naoae e
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u ia?auaiey ia iniiaa niaeaoaiee i
nio?oaeie/anoaa iaaeaeo noi?iiaie o/anoieoeaie e eo iauaaeeiaiey.
Nenoaia nauoa ei?iiaie ioee e aee?a.
E?iia niaaaeaiey naaaeae ?uaie ana i?iecaiaeeiua oiaa?u o?aaotho
iaiaaeeaiioth aeinoaaeo iio?aaeoaeyi.
?acoiaaony. /oi ?uaii?iiuoeaiiay i?aaiecaoeey ia iiaeao auiieiyoue ana
i?ioeaaeo?u, ia/eiay io i?iecaiaenoaa e eii/ay nauoii oiaa?ia. Iinea
yoaia i?iecaiaenoaa ia niaio i?iecaiaeeoaeyi i?eoiaeyo o?ainii?oiua
oe?iu, i?aaiecaoeee iioiaie e ?icie/iie ?aaeecaoeee. Ia niioaaonoaothueo
yoaiao nauoa i?iecaiaeeony eoiey – i?iaeaaea ii?ai?iaeoeoia a ea/anoaa
oiaa?a. aeey nauoa iannu oiaa?ia aieueoei eiee/anoaii i?aaiecaoeee
?icie/iie i?iaeaaee o?aaoaony iiyaeaiea ?uiea. Ia ?uiea oiaa?u
i?iaeathony oai iieoiaoaeyi, eioi?ua i?aaeeaaatho naioth aunieoth
oeaio.[15]
Caeeth/aiea.
A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaiou iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu.
I?aaiecaoeey ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiu caieiaao aaaeiia ianoi a nenoaia
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai e yeiiiieee aoeaeii, iineieueeo niaea?aeeo
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii i?aaiecaoeee e inouanoaeaieth i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe , yaeyynue iniiaie i?e ?ac?aaioea iauae oi?aaeai/aneie
no?aoaaee e i?eiyoey eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ?aoaiee.
Ninoaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo i?ia?aii e neaaeiaaiea ei iicaieyao oe?ia
eiaoue aeieain?i/ioth ia?niaeoeao, ecaaaaoue cia/eoaeueiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
e nioeeaeueiuo iio?ynaiee e aeiaeaaoueny noaaeeueiiai oniaoa.
Aeey ?inneeneie noi?iiu auaiaeai auoiae ia ?uiie ssiiiee ( aieaa oiai ia
?uiie i. Oieeaeaei) . Ia aaca enneaaeiaaiee oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey ?uiea
aunieiea/anoaaiiuo ei?iiauo i?iaeoeoia e ?uaiuo aee?ia, ?uii/iiai ni?ina
ia ieo . iaiythueony o?aaiaaiee e ea/anoao, a oae aea eco/aiey
nianoaaiiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiii – nauoiauo aiciiaeiinoae ioae?aaony
iioeiaeueiua oeaeaaua ?uiee nauoa. ii eioi?ui e ?ac?aaaouaathony
niioaaonoaothuea ia?eaoeiaiaua i?ia?aiiu.
?ac?aaioaiiua a ianoiyuae ?aaioa ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii i?aaiecaoeee
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa aeey auoiaea ia ?uiee ?uaiie i?iaeoeoeee
ssiiiee ia i?eia?a i?aoaeoo?u Oieeaeaei iicaieyo iiauneoue o?iaaiue
yeiiiieee no?ai o/anoieoe eae ?inneeneie noi?iiu ( Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai
?aaeiia) , oae e ssiiineie noi?iiu ( i?aoaeoo?u Oieeaeaei).
Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee nienie
1. AA?AIEOAEEEE A.A. I?iaeaiu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ia?eaoeiaa. – I.:
Iaaeaeoia?. ioiioaiey, 1984.
2. AA?*EEIAA E.I. Ia?eaoeia.*.1. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee. I., “Oaeo”, 1991.
3. AIEOAEIA A.I., AIEOAEIAA A.I., NAEA?EI A.Ae. Ia?eaoeia: auai?
eo/oaai ?aoaiey. – I.: Yeiiiieea, 1993.
4. AeAIEAEN Aeaeii Ae., ?AAeAAA Ee O. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue aecian:
aiaoiyy n?aaea e aeaeiaua iia?aoeee. Ia?.n aiae. – I.: “Aeaei Eoae”,
1994.
5. CAAUessEIA I.N., AeAIEAeIA A.A. Oi?ioea oniaoa: Ia?eaoeia (noi
aii?inia – noi ioaaoia i oii, eae yooaeoeaii aeaenoaiaaoue ia aiaoiai
?uiea).- I.: Iaaeaeoia?. ioiioaiey, 1991.
6. EANAOEEI E.I., EOEAOAAE* I.E., IAAeAAAeAA A.A. Iaoiaee/aneea oeacaiey
ii iiaeaioiaea eo?niauo i?iaeoia. NIEYA, 1994 a.
7. EAA?IA N.I., CEIAEI N.TH. Iniiau ia?eaoeiaa i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaeoia.
I.: Aiaooi?aecaeao, 1989
8. EAAOEI O.I. Ie?iaie ?uiie: eiiuthieoo?a, oeaiu e ia?eaoeia. -:
Iaaeaeoia?. ioiioaiey, 1993.
9. EOEAOAAE* I.E. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ia?eaoeia *.1 e 2. Ecae. NIaEYE,
1992 .
10. IA?EAOEIA ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycyo: Iaoa?eaeu eioi?i. naieia?a
Aanoaeie/a Eaiaeanaaiea a Iineaa 27 naio. 1988 a.
11. IA?EAOEIA ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe (oa?ieiieiae/aneee
neiaa?ue) /Iiae ?aae. I.N. Caaueyeiaa.- I.: Iaaeaeoia?. ioiioaiey,
1992.
12. IA?EAOEIA ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. I.:
Aiaooi?aecaeao, 1989.
13. NYIAeEAeAE *.A., O?AEAO?AA? A., ?IOOeIE E. ?aeeaia: oai?ey e
i?aeoeea: Ia?. n aiae. I.: I?ia?ann, 1989
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