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Методология статистического анализа функционирования финансово-промышленных групп

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IEIENOA?NOAI IAUAAI E I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIAI IA?ACIAAIEss ?INNEENEIE
OAAeA?AOeEE

IINEIANEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OIEAA?NEOAO YEIIIIEEE NOAOENOEEE E
EIOI?IAOEEE

Ia i?aaao ?oeiiene

OAeE 31:338.48 (043)

Aaiaeo?ei Aeaenaiae? Aeaaeeie?iae/

IAOIAeIEIAEss

NOAOENOE*ANEIAI AIAEECA OOIEOeEIIE?IAAIEss

OEIAINIAI-I?IIUOEAIIUO A?OII

08.00.11 – Noaoenoeea

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie

eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe

Iao/iue
?oeiaiaeeoaeue:

aeaenoaeoaeueiue /eai iaaeaeoia?iaeiie

aeaaeaiee
eioi?iaoecaoeee,

aeieoi?
yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe

i?ioanni? N.
Ae. Eeueaieiaa

Iineaa – 1996

IAEAAEAIEA

TOC \o “1-2” AAAAeAIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187597 PAGEREF
_Toc457187597 3

AEAAA 1. I?IAEAIU EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss E CAAeA*E NOAOENOEEE A
ONEIAEssO IA?AOIAeIIE YEIIIIEEE GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187598 PAGEREF
_Toc457187598 11

1.1. Nouiinoue ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187599
PAGEREF _Toc457187599 11

1.2. Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu eae iauaeo eco/aiey noaoenoeee
GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187600 PAGEREF _Toc457187600 20

1.3. I?iaeaiu oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187601 PAGEREF
_Toc457187601 25

AEAAA 2. OeEEE EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss E IAOIAeIEIAEss AAI AIAEECA
GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187602 PAGEREF _Toc457187602 31

2.1. Noaoenoe/aneia iainiiaaiea auai?a i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187603 PAGEREF
_Toc457187603 31

2.2. I?eiaiaiea noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia i?e ?aaeecaoeee oeeeea
ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187604 PAGEREF
_Toc457187604 38

2.3. Iainiiaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ii aeaiiui noaoenoe/aneiai
aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee
GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187605 PAGEREF _Toc457187605 100

AEAAA 3. OAEOI?IUE AIAEEC YOOAEOEAIINOE EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss IA
I?EIA?A OIA «NEAAssINEAss AOIAAA» GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187606 PAGEREF
_Toc457187606 102

3.1. Iienaiea neooaoeee GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187607 PAGEREF
_Toc457187607 102

3.2. I?iaeoe?iaaiea e i?aaiecaoeey oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea GOTOBUTTON
_Toc457187608 PAGEREF _Toc457187608 103

3.3. Eiiieaeniue noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie
oeaii/ee GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187609 PAGEREF _Toc457187609 115

3.4. Oi?ie?iaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187610
PAGEREF _Toc457187610 133

CAEETH*AIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187611 PAGEREF _Toc457187611 135

NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187612 PAGEREF _Toc457187612
139

I?EEIAEAIEss GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187613 PAGEREF _Toc457187613 153

I?eeiaeaiea ?1 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187614 PAGEREF _Toc457187614 153

I?eeiaeaiea ?2 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187615 PAGEREF _Toc457187615 156

I?eeiaeaiea ?3 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187616 PAGEREF _Toc457187616 157

I?eeiaeaiea ?4 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187617 PAGEREF _Toc457187617 159

I?eeiaeaiea ?5 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187618 PAGEREF _Toc457187618 175

I?eeiaeaiea ?6 GOTOBUTTON _Toc457187619 PAGEREF _Toc457187619 179

AAaaeaiea

Aeooaeueiinoue i?iaeaiu

A oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieee, eiaaea iae?iyeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey a
no?aia iiaeaa?aeaia na?ueaciui eieaaaieyi, a eioeyoeey iaoneaaeeaaao
aunieea i?ioeaioiua noaaee, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey e
eiiia?/aneea eiiiaiee euoo iiaua yooaeoeaiua oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaei?eyoey auaoaai ainoaea?noaaiiiai naeoi?a niiaee a yoi a?aiy
ioeaieoue iniaaiiinoe ?uii/iiai niaianoiiai aaaeaiey aeae, ia?aaeea, eae
i?aaeei, neeueiaeooth aeaeiiiiceoeeth — neaaenoaea yeoi?ee io ineaaeaiey
ainoaea?noaaiiie aa?oeeaee oi?aaeaiey, aeoeeiie?iaaiey e i?eaaoecaoeee —
e ?aaeueioth oa?ico iiianoue a ciio e?eceniiai ?acaeoey e aeaaea
aaie?ionoaa. Oa, eoi iaioae yoe ?eou, auno?i ?annoaeenue n ?iiaioeciii
yiioe oicyenoaaiiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e oaea ia iniiaa o?acaiai ?an/aoa
noaee eneaoue aiciiaeiinoe iauaaeeieoueny n oaoiieiae/anee aeeceeie
i?aaei?eyoeyie.

Iaeiie ec oaeeo oi?i iauaaeeiaiey yaeythony oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua
a?oiiu (OIA). Yoi yaeaiea a yeiiiieea ?innee aoi?ie iieiaeiu 90-o aiaeia
OO aaea iiaeii n/eoaoue iaeaieaa y?eei. Nouanoaothuea i?iiuoeaiiua
i?aaei?eyoey oaea ia iiaoo ooieoeeiie?iaaoue ii-noa?iio, iaeiaei aua ia
?ac?aaioaiu iao/ii iainiiaaiiua iaoiaeu ii i?aaiecaoeee iiauo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo no?oeoo?.

A yoie nayce aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eco/aiey aeayoaeueiinoe oaeeo
e?oiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo iiaiia?aciaaiee eae OIA. I/aaeaeii, /oi eco/aiea,
aiaeec e iaiauaiea ia?aiai iiuoa eo aeayoaeueiinoe eiaao aaaeiia
ia?iaeii-oicyenoaaiiia e iao/iia cia/aiea.

A nia?aiaiiie noaoenoe/aneie eeoa?aoo?a cia/eoaeueiia aieiaiea oaeaeaii
i?iiuoeaiiui i?aaei?eyoeyi eae iauaeoo eco/aiey noaoenoeee. Yoe aii?inu
iaoee io?aaeaiea a ?aaioao A. A. Aaeaiiaa, A. E. Aaeeaiiaa, N. Ae.
Eeueaieiaie, A. A. Eaeoei, A. ss. Eeia?iaia, I. A. Iaca?iaa, I. ss.
Ieoya?ueneiai e ae?oaeo o/aiuo.

Naiinoiyoaeueii a eeoa?aoo?a ?anniao?eaaeenue i?iaeaiu oeiainia e
oeiainiaiai aiaeeca, eioi?ui iinayuaiu ?aaiou A. I. ?iaeeiiiaie, A. Ae.
Oa?aiaoa, A. I. *aou?eeia e ae?.

A iineaaeiea aiaeu iiyaeeinue iiiai ca?oaaaeiie e ioa/anoaaiiie
eeoa?aoo?u ii i?iaeaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa. Ioaeaeueiui aniaeoai nicaeaiey e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii

Anee a ieaiiaie yeiiiieea iniiaiui e?eoa?eai iauaaeeiaiey i?aaei?eyoee
auea ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiay yooaeoeaiinoue e oeaeaniia?aciinoue [52, 65,
69], oi a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea yoio e?eoa?ee caiaiyaony ia e?eoa?ee
eieaeueiie eiiia?/aneie i?eaueueiinoe [66]. Aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ooieoeeiie?iaaieai oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo
a?oii.

A oneiaeyo oneeeaathuaeny eiieo?aioeee ia ia?aia ianoi auoiaeeo
oi?aaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu ia eae i?inoie noiiu ioaeaeueiuo i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, a eae
aaeeiie, aeaenoaothuae a oaniie acaeiinayce nenoaiu.

Oi?aaeyoue e?oiiaeoeie ec ia?aciaaaoeony ca iineaaeiea aiaeu a?oiiaie
neiaeii n?aco ii iyoe i?e/eiai [150, 153]: ai-ia?auo, ec-ca ianooaaa;
ai-aoi?uo, aaeaeo ?acii?iaeiinoe iauaeoia oi?aaeaiey; a-o?aoueeo, a neeo
ianaycaiiinoe yoeo iauaeoia iaaeaeo niaie; a-/aoaa?ouo, ionoonoaoao
oeaio?aeeciaaiiue iaoaieci oeiaine?iaaiey oaeie a?oiiu, a cia/eoaeueiay
/anoue yoeo iauaeoia nio?aiyao iaioaeeoao iieo/aiey aeaoaauo
ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeaiaa; iaeiiaoe, aioo?e a?oiiu ia nouanoaoao aaeeiuo
noaiaea?oia oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ui ioaeii aua iao/eoue oi?aaeythueo.

Aeey ?aoaiey yoeo caaea/ a oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiia “Neaayineay
aoiaaa” auea naeaeaia iiiuoea oaycaoue iao/iua aeenoeeieeiu: noaoenoeeo
e iaiaaeaeiaio, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?ie aiciee neiaeic iiae iacaaieai
“i?eiaiaiea noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a oi?aaeaiee yooaeoeaiinoueth
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu”. Aeaiiue neiaeic
i?aaie/ii aieoae naay oaeea ?acaeaeu noaoenoeee eae: ?aa?anneiiiue
aiaeec, oaeoi?iue e eiaeaeniue aiaeec, ei??aeyoeeiiiue aiaeec, a oaeaea
oaeea iieiaeaiey iaiaaeaeiaioa eae: nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, oeeee
iaiaaeaeiaioa, nenoaiiia iiaeaee?iaaiea i?ioeannia, eiaanoeoeeiiiue
aiaeec. A ?acoeueoaoa iauaaeeiaiey iiyaeeanue aeaiiay ?aaioa.

I?e iaienaiee ?aaiou eniieueciaaeenue iieiaeaiey oai?ee noaoenoeee
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aaniiue aeeaae a ?ac?aaioeo eioi?uo aianee niaaoneea e
?inneeneea o/aiua-noaoenoeee: A. A. Aaeaiia, A. E. Aaeeaiia, N. Ae.
Eeueaieiaa, A. I. Onoeiia e ae?. [2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 53,
144]. Oaeaea a ?aaioa i?eiaiyeenue iieiaeaiey aeaeiuo
o/aiuo-oi?aaeaioeaa: I. Oannaey, I. Ae?oea?a, I. Ianeio, Ae. Eeeeaiaea e
ae?. [60, 63, 68, 73, 80, 86].

Ana auoaeceiaeaiiia iaoneaaeeaaao aeooaeueiinoue eca?aiiie oaiu
aeenna?oaoeee.

Oeaeue aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou

Oeaeue ?aaiou ninoieo a oai?aoe/aneii iainiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioea
iaoiaeieiaee i?eiaiaiey noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a oi?aaeaiee
yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii a
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieee.

Iinoaaeaiiay a ?aaioa oeaeue iaoneiaeea ?aoaiea neaaeothueo caaea/:

iaiaueoue iiuo noaoenoe/aneie oai?ee e oai?ee oi?aaeaiey ii i?eiaiaieth
?acee/iuo iaoiaeia aeey eco/aiey neiaeiuo iiiaio?iaiaauo iauaeoia e
nenoai oaeeo, eae oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu;

aaanoe ii?aaeaeaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee e oeeeea ei?ii?aoeaiiai
oi?aaeaiey aa yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eae iauaeoia
enneaaeiaaiey;

?ac?aaioaoue iaoiaeieiaeth e iaoiaeeeo noaoenoe/aneiai eco/aiey oeeeea
oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu e aa oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae;

i?iecaanoe aaeaioaoeeth iauaiao/iuo iaoiaeia noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca e
niaoeeoeea eco/aaiiai iauaeoa;

i?iaa?eoue aeaenoaaiiinoue e i?aeoe/aneoth i?eaiaeiinoue iaoiaeeee ia
i?eia?a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee, ooieoeeiie?othuae a ?aieao
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu “Neaayineay aoiaaa”.

Iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey

Iauaeoii enneaaeiaaiey yaeeanue ?aaeueii aeaenoaothuay oaoiieiae/aneay
oeaii/ea, a oaeaea oeeee oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
aeaiiie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Auai? iauaeoa enneaaeiaaiey iaoneiaeai
i?aeoe/aneie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth a nicaeaiee niioaaonoaothuae iaoiaeeee, a
nayce n ionoonoaeai oeaeueiuo iaoiaee/aneeo iaoa?eaeia ii aeaiiiio
aii?ino.

Iaoiaeeea enneaaeiaaiey

Oai?aoe/aneie e iaoiaeieiae/aneie iniiaie aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou
iineoaeeee ?aaiou eeanneeia yeiiiie/aneie iaoee, noaoenoeee, oai?ee
oi?aaeaiey.

A aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaioa eniieueciaaiu iaoa?eaeu yeiiiie/aneie e
noaoenoe/aneie eeoa?aoo?u, oaiaoe/aneeo iaoa?eaeia ia?eiaee/aneeo
ecaeaiee, a oaeaea iaoa?eaeu, iieo/aiiua a i?ioeanna iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu “Neaayineay aoiaaa”.

A oiaea enneaaeiaaiey eniieueciaaiu aeaiiua oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe
?aaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea, ia i?eia?a
eioi?iai eeethno?e?oaony i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea iaoiaeeee. A ea/anoaa
i?eia?ia a ?aaioa eniieueciaaiu aeiioaoe/aneea aeaiiua, iaeaieaa
oa?aeoa?ii io?aaeathuea niaoeeoeeo ?anniao?eaaaiiai aii?ina. A i?ioeanna
?aaiou i?iaa?ea ?acee/iuo aeiioac i?iaiaeeeanue n iiiiuueth eco/aiey
?acee/iuo i?eia?ia aeey onoaiiaeaiey oeie/iinoe e i?eiaieiinoe
eiie?aoiiai iaoiaea e aaeaioaoeee oai?aoe/aneeo iaoiaeia e i?aeoe/aneei
oneiaeyi.

Aeey ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ a ?aaioa i?eiaiaiu noaoenoe/aneea e
iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/aneea iaoiaeu: n?aaeiea aaee/eiu, a?aoeee, oaeoi?iue
aiaeec, ei??aeyoeeiiii-?aa?anneiiiue aiaeec, iaoiae oeaiiuo
iiaenoaiiaie, iaoiae ecaea/aiey, iiaeoeueiue iaoiae.

Iao/iay iiaecia ?aaiou

Iniiaiie iao/iue ?acoeueoao, iieo/aiiue a aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaioa,
caeeth/aaony a ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeieiaee eiiieaeniiai i?eiaiaiey
noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a oi?aaeaiee yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu e aa oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae. I?e yoii
iiae eiiieaeniui i?eiaiaieai iiieiaaony i?eiaiaiea noaoenoe/aneeo
iaoiaeia ii anaio oeeeeo oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth, aeeyiea
?acoeueoaoia eaaeaeiai yeaiaioa oeeeea ia iineaaeothuea e i?aaeuaeouea
yeaiaiou.

Iieiaeaiey, auiineiua ia caueoo

A ?acoeueoaoa auiieiaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee ia caueoo auiinyony neaaeothuea
iao/iua iieiaeaiey:

1. Aiaeec i?iaeai ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey e caaea/e noaoenoeee aeey
eco/aiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii.

2. Iaoiaeieiaey ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuie
a?oiiaie ia iniiaa noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae.

3. Auai? e iainiiaaiea iauaeoia noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey:
oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii e oeeeeia
ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.

4. Iaoiaeeea noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu e aa oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae.

5. Iaoiaeeea neioaca oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ii aeaiiui
noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo
oeaii/ae OIA.

6. Iiiaioaeoi?iua eiaeaeniua iiaeaee aeey aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e neioaca ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu “Neaayineay aoiaaa”.

I?aeoe/aneay cia/eiinoue ?aaiou

Naii iiyaeaiea ianoiyuae ?aaiou auei iaoneiaeaii i?aeoe/aneie
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth, ec yoiai auoaeaao /oi iieiaeaiey ianoiyuae ?aaiou
iicaieytho ia?aeoe io eiooeoeaiiai e iao/iiio iainiiaaieth i?eieiaaiuo a
i?ioeanna ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu ?aoaiee.
I?aaei?eyoey, aoiaeyuea a oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiioth a?oiio, iieo/atho
aaeeioth iaoiaeeeo aeey ioeaiee naiae aeayoaeueiinoe a ?aieao aaeeiiai
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea, a ?oeiaiaenoai a?oiiie iiaeao ioeaieoue ia
oieueei aeayoaeueiinoue anae a?oiiu a oeaeii, ii e aeeaae eaaeaeiai
o/anoieea a iauoth i?eaueue.

?aaeecaoeey e ai?iaaoeey ?aaiou

Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey aeenna?oaoeee:

ai?iae?iaaiu a oiaea ?aaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu “Neaayineay aoiaaa”;

aeieeaaeuaaeenue ia iao/ii-oai?aoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee a Aiaiiii
oeiainiai-yeiiiie/aneii oaeoeueoaoa i?e IOA i?e I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O
(1996a.), iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee “?ieue yenia?oa a
eiaanoeoeeiiiii i?ioeanna”, i?iaiaeeiie aeo?iaeii “Yenia?o” (1996a.),
iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneeo naieia?ao, i?iaiaeeiuo niaianoii EEO “Aeueo” e aac.
“Aeaeiaie Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a” (1995, 1996aa.);

eniieuecothony i?e ninoaaeaiee ieaia niaoeeo?na “Iaiaaeaeiaio
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii” Iineianeiai yeiiiieei-noaoenoe/aneiai
einoeoooa.

Ioaeeeaoeee

Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou iioaeeeiaaiu a 4 iao/iuo
?aaioao iauei iauaiii ieiei 3 ia/aoiuo eenoia, a oii /enea iaeiie
iiiia?aoee.

No?oeoo?a ?aaiou

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa eceiaeaia ia 168 no?aieoeao ia/aoiiai oaenoa,
aeeth/aao 55 oaaeeoe (ec ieo 22 – a i?eeiaeaieyo), 18 ?enoieia e ninoieo
ec iaeaaeaiey, aaaaeaiey, o?ao aeaa, caeeth/aiey, nienea eniieueciaaiiuo
enoi/ieeia, a eioi?ii 167 iaeiaiiaaiee, e oanoe i?eeiaeaiee.

A ia?aie aeaaa iienuaaaony iauaeo eco/aiey, aaiaeyony iniiaiua iiiyoey,
aeathony iaiaoiaeeiua iiyniaiey e ii?aaeaeaiey. Aeaaony iiiyoea
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee, iiiyoea oeeeea ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey,
?anniao?eaaaony i?iaeaia oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu e aa ninoaaiuo /anoae – oaoiieiae/aneeo
oeaii/ae. Aeieacuaaaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?eiaiaiey noaoenoe/aneeo
iaoiaeia i?e inouanoaeaiee oeeeea oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth.

Aoi?ay aeaaa iiyoaiii ?anniao?eaaao oeeee oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu. Ia eaaeaeii yoaia
e?aoei iienuaaaony nooue oiai eee eiiai noaoenoe/aneiai iaoiaea,
i?iaiaeeony aaeaioaoeey iaoiaea e niaoeeoeea eco/aiey iauaeoa, a
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo i?eiaiaiea iaoiaea eeethno?e?oaony i?eia?ii. Ia?aui
yoaiii a niioaaonoaee n iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth, eceiaeaiiie a ia?aie
aeaaa, yaeyaony yoai ieaie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee, ia yoii
yoaia aaiaeyony e?eoa?ee ioai?a i?aaei?eyoee — iioaioeeaeueiuo
o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Ii?aaeaeyaony iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaee ii ieaie?iaaieth eiie?aoiie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee:
auaeaeythony e iienuaathony eiie?aoiua oaae aeey inouanoaeaiey iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaiiai i?ioeanna ieaie?iaaiey, ii?aaeaeyaony oaeia iiiyoea eae
ieaie?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe. Ia aoi?ii yoaia oeeeea oi?aaeaiey –
i?aaiecaoeee oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee – aeathony ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
?aoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou aioo?e oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu,
aaiaeeony e?eoa?ee n?aaieoaeueiie ioeaiee iiae?acaeaeaiee. O?aoee yoai
oeeeea – iioeaaoeey. A ia?aa?aoa, iinayuaiiii iioeaaoeee, iaiauaaony
iiuo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoee, aeinoeaoeo a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiie
yeiiiieee ii?aaeaeaiiuo oniaoia. Iniiaiia aieiaiea aeaau oaeaeyaony
oaeiio aaaeiiio yoaio eae eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth oaoiieiae/aneie
oeaii/ee. Ia aeaiiii yoaia aaiaeeony iiiyoea oceiai ianoa
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee, ii?aaeaeythony iaoiaeu, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
iiaeii i?iaanoe yeni?ann-aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu.

O?aouey aeaaa ia i?eia?a eiie?aoiie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee
eeethno?e?oao i?eiaieiinoue aaeaioe?iaaiiuo noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia i?e
inouanoaeaiee oeeeea oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu.

A Caeeth/aiee iiaeaiaeyony eoiae i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaiou, iienuaathony
ia?niaeoeau aeey i?iaeieaeaiey enneaaeiaaiee, aeathony ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
i?eiaiaieth iaoiaeeee a i?aeoe/aneeo oneiaeyo.

A i?eeiaeaieyo 1-3 iiae?iaii eceiaeaiu oa iieiaeaiey iaoiaeeee, eioi?ua
yaeythony iaueie aeey ianeieueeeo yoaiia oeeeea oi?aaeaiey
yooaeoeaiinoueth. A /anoiinoe, ninoaaeaiea aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina
i?eiaiyaony ia ia?aii e /aoaa?oii yoaiao oeeeea, iiyoiio yoio aii?in
auianai a i?eeiaeaiea. A i?eeiaeaieyo 4-6 i?eaaaeaiu no?oeoo?u
aa?aae?iaaiiuo aaeainia, io/aou i i?eaueyo e oauoeao i?aaei?eyoee,
aoiaeyueo a OIA “Neaayineay aoiaaa”, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey noaoenoe/aneiai
aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee.

AEAAA 1. I?IAEAIU EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss e caaea/e noaoenoeee A
ONEIAEssO IA?AOIAeIIE YEIIIIEEE

1.1. Nouiinoue ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey

Iiiyoea oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Oaoiieiae/aneay oeaii/ea – ninoaaiay
/anoue oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu (OIA)

?anniio?ei niaieoiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua acaeiiaeaenoaotho iaaeaeo
niaie aeey i?iecaiaenoaa eaeiai-eeai eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa eee oneoae a
?aieao aaeeiiai iieiiai oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea.

Iieiue oaoiieiae/aneee oeeee – niaieoiiinoue oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoeee,
auiieiyaiuo a ii?aaeaeaiiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, ia/eiay n ia?a?aaioee
nu?uey, iaiaoiaeeiay e aeinoaoi/iay aeey ecaioiaeaiey eiia/iiai
i?iaeoeoa [110].

Nu?uea – enoiaeiua ii ioiioaieth e oeeeeo iaoa?eaeu, ec eioi?uo a ?aieao
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea ecaioaaeeaaaony eiia/iue i?iaeoeo [110].

Eiia/iue i?iaeoeo – i?iaeoeoeey (i?iaeoeo, oneoaa), i?aaeiacia/aiiay
aeey iio?aaeaiey aiaoieie ii ioiioaieth e oeeeeo th?eaee/aneeie eee
oece/aneeie eeoeaie [149].

Oaeei ia?acii, a ?aieao iieiiai oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea nu?uea,
iiaeaa?aiooia ia?a?aaioea ii ii?aaeaeaiiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe,
“i?aa?auaaony” a eiia/iue i?iaeoeo.

Iniaaiiinoue acaeiiaeaenoaey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi eaaeaeia
i?aaei?eyoea niaieoiiinoe yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie aa /anoueth, /oi
iicaieyao ?anniao?eaaoue niaieoiiinoue eae aaeeiia oeaeia i?e
inouanoaeaiee i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey. Iineieueeo iia?aoeee ?ani?aaeaeaiu
iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeyie, i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii ?aniieiaeeoue a ii?yaeea
auiieiaiey iia?aoeee ii ia?a?aaioea nu?uey oaeei ia?acii, /oi
i?iaeoeoeey i?aaeuaeouaai yaeyaony nu?ueai aeey iineaaeothuaai.
Oii?yaei/aiiua oaeei ia?acii i?aaei?eyoey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
oaoiieiae/aneoth oeaii/eo.

Oaeei ia?acii, oaoiieiae/aneay oeaii/ea (OOe) — oii?yaei/aiiay a
ii?yaeea auiieiaiey iia?aoeee ii ia?a?aaioea nu?uey niaieoiiinoue
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, inouanoaeythueo i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue
ii ecaioiaeaieth eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa OOe a ?aieao iieiiai
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea.

N?aaiea ii?aaeaeaiea OOe n ii?aaeaeaieai oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oii,
aeaiiii a Oaaea?aeueiii Caeiia “I oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oiiao”,
eioi?ia aeaneo:

“Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiay a?oiia – niaieoiiinoue th?eaee/aneeo eeoe,
aeaenoaothueo eae iniiaiia e aei/a?iea iauanoaa, eeai iieiinoueth eee
/anoe/ii iauaaeeieaoeo naie iaoa?eaeueiua e iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau
(nenoaia o/anoey) ia iniiaa aeiaiai?a i nicaeaiee oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu a oeaeyo oaoiieiae/aneie eee yeiiiie/aneie eioaa?aoeee aeey
?aaeecaoeee eiaanoeoeeiiiuo e eiuo i?iaeoia e i?ia?aii, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
iiauoaiea eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe e ?anoe?aiea ?uieia nauoa oiaa?ia e
oneoa, iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa, nicaeaiea iiauo ?aai/eo
iano.”

iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi OOe – yoi iaeei ec aeaeia nio?oaeie/anoaa
i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ue iiaeao auoue eniieueciaai eae i?aaei?eyoeyie,
aoiaeyueie a OIA, oae e aaniethoii iacaaenyueie ae?oa io ae?oaa
i?aaei?eyoeyie.

Oeaee iauaaeeiaiey i?aaei?eyoee a OOe:

1. Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu ca n/ao oiai, /oi eaaeaeue ec o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee
caeioa?aniaai a eiia/iii ?acoeueoaoa.

2. Aiciiaeiinoue aieaa auno?iai iieo/aiey n?aaenoa aeey inouanoaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu. Iineieueeo i?ioeann eiio?iey ni noi?iiu
oeiainiauo einoeoooia (e?aaeeoi?ia) caeeth/aaony oieueei a eiio?iea ca
aeayoaeueiinoueth oi?aaeythuae eiiiaiee.

Aeey ainoaea?noaa nicaeaiea oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae auaiaeii oae eae
iicaieyao iiauneoue athaeaeaoioth yooaeoeaiinoue, ca n/ao iiauoaiey
niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia. Oaeaea nicaeaiea OOe iicaieyao ecaaaeoueny io
e?ecena iaieaoaaeae, iineieueeo cao?aou i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe
iauaaeeiythony e a eiia/iii eoiaa aanyony ca n/ao iio?aaeoaey eiia/iiai
i?iaeoeoa OOe.

Oaeei ia?acii, OOe e OIA – yoi iauaaeeiaiey i?aaei?eyoee, aeey eioi?uo a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy i/aiue ino?i noieo i?iaeaia oi?aaeaiey. Aeey
inouanoaeaiey oeeeea oi?aaeaiey eco/aiea niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe
eioi?uo yaeyaony iaeiei ec aeooaeueiuo aii?inia nia?aiaiiie yeiiiieee,
iineieueeo ?oeiaiaenoao OIA, ai-ia?auo, iaiaoiaeeii /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue
naaa, ianeieueei yooaeoeaii acaeiiaeaenoaotho i?aaei?eyoey aioo?e
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu, ai-aoi?uo, iaiaoiaeeii ia eaaeaeii yoaia
ioneaaeeaaoue e auyaeyoue oceea ianoa a oaoiieiae/aneii oeeeea.

Aeey OOe eco/aiea niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe iaiaoiaeeii aeey oiai, /oiau
?aoeoue aeeeaiio: o/anoaiaaoue eee iao a aaeeiii oaoiieiae/aneii oeeeea,
ai-aoi?uo, ni?aaaaeeeai ?ani?aaeaeeoue i?eaueue io niaianoiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iineieueeo i?aaei?eyoey a OOe yaeythony th?eaee/anee
iacaaeneiuie, aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiee/anoaaiii
ioeaieoue ea/anoai acaeiiaeaenoaey. Yoa iaiaoiaeeiinoue aucaaia oai, /oi
a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea ca i?in/aou naieo ia?oia?ia
auioaeaeaii ?aniea/eaaoueny nianoaaiiuie aeaiueaaie.

Iniiaiui ioee/eai oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee io oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie
a?oiiu yaeyaony oi, /oi OIA — yoi th?eaee/aneia eeoei, iiyoiio a
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiia nouanoaoao aaeeiue iaeiaiieaoaeueuee —
oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey, a aaaeaiee eioi?ie iaoiaeyony iniiaiua oeiainiaua
aii?inu, ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoaaee e ae?oaea aii?inu oi?aaeaiey.

Anee a OOe anoue i?aaei?eyoea, ia eioi?ia aiceiaeaiu ooieoeee
oi?aaeythuaai – oi?aaeythuaa i?aaei?eyoea (OI), eioi?ia aeieaeii
inouanoaeyoue aanue oeeee oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ue ?anniio?ai a ae. 2. Oaeaea
ia OI aiceaaaaony iaycaiiinoue ?anii?yaeaoueny oeiainaie a ?aieao OOe,
iiyoiio OI a OOe auiieiyao ?ieue oi?aaeythuae eiiiaiee.

Oaeei ia?acii, iacaaeneii io oi?iu iauaaeeiaiey i?aaei?eyoee aeey
oi?aaeythuae eiiiaiee aaaeii eiaoue iieioth e iauaeoeaioth eioi?iaoeeth
i acaeiiaeaenoaee i?aaei?eyoee aioo?e a?oiiu.

Yooaeoeaiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee i?aaei?eyoee

Yooaeoeaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa – ?uii/iay noieiinoue i?iecaaaeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee, aeaeaiiay ia noiia?iua cao?aou ?ano?nia i?aaiecaoeee.

Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue oa?aeoa?ecoaony ioiineoaeueiie aaee/eiie,
i?aaenoaaeythuae niioiioaiea yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa e aaaine?iaaiiuo
cao?ao eee yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa e oaeoueo cao?ao [1]. Yoi niioiioaiea
iiaeao auoue eae i?yiui (aaee/eia, au?aaeathuay yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo,
iaoiaeeony a /eneeoaea ae?iae, o. a. iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeie yooaeo
iieo/ai ia eaaeaeue ?oaeue i?iecaaaeaiiuo cao?ao), oae e ia?aoiui
(eiaaea aaee/eia, au?aaeathuay yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo, iaoiaeeony a
ciaiaiaoaea ae?iae, o.a. iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, neieueei ?oaeae cao?a/aii
ia iieo/aiea eaaeaeiai ?oaey yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa) [2].

Aaaine?iaaiiua cao?aou iieacuaatho, /ai ?aniieaaaea oa eee eiay
i?iecaiaenoaaiiay aaeeieoea a eaaeaeii aeaiiii ia?eiaea [2].

Oaeouea cao?aou au?aaeathony a aeaea iaeiieaiiuo eoiaia (cao?aou
?aai/aai a?aiaie, cao?aou iaoa?eaeia e o. ae.) [4].

Iauee yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue ?acoeueoao
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie eee anae oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iauee
yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo oa?aeoa?ecoaony aaniethoiie aaee/eiie, i?e/ai eae
i?iaeoeoeey – aaee/eiie iieiaeeoaeueiie, a eae i?eaueue – iiaeao auoue e
io?eoeaoaeueiie (oauoee) [4].

Yooaeoeaiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, aoiaeyuaai a OOe iiaeii
i?aaenoaaeoue a neaaeothuai aeaea [4, 5, 17, 26]:

, (1.1)

aaea

Y – yooaeoeaiinoue;

? – iieo/aiiue ?acoeueoao;

C – cao?aou aeey iieo/aiey ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeey ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe anae oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey i?eiaiyaony ?ano?niue iieacaoaeue – iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey. Aeey ?an/aoa iieacaoaey yooaeoeaiinoe ainiieuecoainy
oi?ioeie (1.1). A ea/anoaa iieo/aiiiai ?acoeueoaoa i?eiai noiio /enoie
i?eauee (*I) i?aaei?eyoey ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae, a ca cao?aou – ana
aeiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae, oi anoue aai aeoeau
(AA).

Oaeei ia?acii yooaeoeaiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii
ecia?eoue ii neaaeothuae oi?ioea [19, 87]:

*I

Y = ––––– . (1.2)

AA

Aeey i?aaei?eyoee, aeaenoaothueo a ?aieao OOe, iaiaoiaeeii ecia?eoue
eioaa?aeueioth yooaeoeaiinoue, oae eae yoi iniiaiie eioaa?aeueiue
iieacaoaeue, iicaieythuee ioeaieoue – niioaaonoaotho eee iao
caieaie?iaaiiui cia/aieyi iauaiu i?iecaiaenoaa eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa i?e
eniieueciaaiee anao ?ano?nia OOe.

Eioaa?aeueiay yooaeoeaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe iieacuaaao, eaeie
eioaa?aeueiue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo iieo/ai oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/eie io
eniieueciaaiey anao aeoeaia OOe.

Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee i?aaenoaaei
oi?ioeo (1.2) a aeaea:

*IOe

YOe = ––––– , (1.3)

AAOe

aaea

*Ii ;

AAi ;

*Ii – /enoay i?eaueue i-ai i?aaei?eyoey;

AAi – anaai aeoeaia i-ai i?aaei?eyoey;

n – /enei i?aaei?eyoee a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea.

Oaeei ia?acii, eioaa?aeueiay yooaeoeaiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee ?aaia /anoiiio io aeaeaiey niaieoiiie /enoie
i?eauee ia niaieoiiua aeoeau.

N?aaieaay iieo/aiiia ?an/aoiia cia/aiea n ieaiiaui, iiaeii naeaeaoue
auaiae i oii, ianeieueei i?aaei?eyoey-o/anoieee OOe ioeeiieeenue io
ieaiiauo iieacaoaeae a oo eee eioth noi?iio.

Aeey aiaoieo ii ioiioaieth e OOe eeoe eioi?iaoeey ia yooaeoeaiinoe
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eiie?aoiie OOe iaiaoiaeeia aeey n?aaiaiey ?acee/iuo
OOe iaaeaeo niaie a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa iaeii?iaeiie eiieo?e?othuae
i?iaeoeoeee, oae eae ?acee/iua OOe, i?iecaiaeyuea noiaeioth ii
iacia/aieth e ea/anoao i?iaeoeoeeth, iiaoo niia?ie/aoue oieueei a
aii?inao eioaa?aeueiie yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Yoio iieacaoaeue
yaeyaony eeth/aaui, oae eae ca/anooth aioo?e ?aciuo OOe eiaaony
?acee/iia eiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia e ?acee/iia eiee/anoai
iia?aoeee oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea.

Iiiyoea ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey

Oi?aaeaiea — i?ioeann au?aaioee e inouanoaeaiey oi?aaeythueo
aicaeaenoaee noauaeoii oi?aaeaiey [86].

Oi?aaeythuaa aicaeaenoaea — aicaeaenoaea ia iauaeo oi?aaeaiey,
iai?aaeaiiia ia aeinoeaeaiea oeaee oi?aaeaiey. Au?aaioea oi?aaeythueo
aicaeaenoaee aeeth/aao nai?, ia?aaioeo, ia?aaea/o iaiaoiaeeiie
eioi?iaoeee, i?eiyoea ?aoaiee (?en. 1.1).

Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey:

EO – eioi?iaoeey i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee i?aaei?eyoey;

OA – oi?aaeythuaa aicaeaenoaea;

AA – aiaoiaa aicaeaenoaea.

?en. 1.1. Noaia oi?aaeaiey

Niaoeeoeea ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey a oii, /oi iauaeoii oi?aaeaiey
yaeyaony niaieoiiinoue iacaaeneiuo ae?oa io ae?oaa i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua
acaeiiaeaenoaotho iaaeaeo niaie (?en. 1.2).

Eaaeaeia ec i?aaei?eyoee eiaao nianoaaiiua ooieoeee a OOe:

oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey – auiieiyao ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey, o.a. ieaie?iaaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa, iioeaaoeeth, eiio?ieue, a aa iaycaiiinoe aoiaeeo
ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoaaee, nai? eioi?iaoeee i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee inoaeueiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, acaeiiaeaenoaea n oeneaeueiuie i?aaiaie, ?ani?aaeaeaiea
i?eauee a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee;

i?aaei?eyoey 1, …, N – auiieiytho ooieoeee i?iecaiaenoaa a ?aieao,
ioaaaeaiiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiui ieaiii, ninoaaeaiiui a niioaaonoaee ni
no?aoaaeae ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe.

?en. 1.2. Noaia naycae a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea

Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey:

EO – eioi?iaoeey i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee i?aaei?eyoey;

AA – aiaoiaa aicaeaenoaea ia oaoiieiae/aneoth oeaii/eo.

Eae e anyeay nenoaia, nenoaia oi?aaeaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
caeii/aiioth no?oeoo?o. A aeaiiii neo/aa, caieiooue oeeee (?en. 1.3)
[86].

Aeey inouanoaeaiey oeeeea oi?aaeaiey oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey aeieaeia
ii?aaeaeeoue e niaeaniaaoue n iiae/eiaiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie ia?a/aiue e
iauai eioi?iaoeee i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiue i?aaei?eyoeyie-o/anoieeaie oi?aaeythuae eiiiaiee.

Ia?a/aiue aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue aeinoaoi/iia eiee/anoai eioi?iaoeee aeey
iieo/aiey iieiie e aeinoiaa?iie ea?oeiu i neooaoeee ia i?aaei?eyoee, e a
oi aea a?aiy auoue e?aoeei.

Oi?aaeaiea a?oiiie i?aaei?eyoee cao?oaeiaii oai, /oi eioi?iaoeey,
eioi?ay iaiaoiaeeia aeey eiio?iey ca aeayoaeueiinoueth anao
i?aaei?eyoee, ca/anooth iaiaeii?iaeia, a oaeaea oai, /oi ii?ie
iaaiciiaeii iieo/eoue iieioth eioi?iaoeeth i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee anao
i?aaei?eyoee a eiie?aoiue iiiaio a?aiaie.

?en. 1.3. Oeeee oi?aaeaiey ia iee?io?iaia

A oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea ?oeiaiaeeoaeue eiie?aoiiai i?aaei?eyoey ia
caaeneo io ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?iaeoa a aaeieieno?aoeaiii ii?yaeea, iiyoiio
?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?iaeoa aeieaeai eiaoue ae?oaea ?u/aae aicaeaenoaey ia
?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaei?eyoey.

Iaeiei ec oaeeo ?u/aaia iiaeao auoue i?ioeaaeo?a ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?eauee
io i?iaeoa e i?aaei?eyoeyi-o/anoieeai [20]. Ae?oaei ?u/aaii iiaeao auoue
aeaeaae?iaaiea eiie?aoiuo iieiiii/ee io i?aaei?eyoey e i?iaeoo,
iaiai?aiiia a Onoaaa i?aaei?eyoey.

Oaeay oaoiieiae/aneay oeaii/ea ii naiae no?oeoo?a aeecea e
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiia.

Oi?aaeaiea oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiie iino?iaii ii i?eioeeio
oaaea?aoeaiiai ono?ienoaa. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue a?oiiu ii?aaeaeyao iieeoeeo
OIA a oeaeii, a ?oeiaiaeeoaee i?aaei?eyoee iieeoeeo aeayoaeueiinoe
naiaai i?aaei?eyoey a niioaaonoaee n iieeoeeie e eioa?anaie a?oiiu.
A?oiia a naith i/a?aaeue aunooiaao aaeeiui th?eaee/aneei eeoeii ia?aae
ainoaea?noaii, iai?eia?, aaeeiui iaeiaiieaoaeueueeii. Iineieueeo
eaaeaeay a?oiia eiaao ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, oi?aaeaiea
a?oiiie aeieaeii aanoenue a niioaaonoaee n yoeie oeaeyie. Yoaiu
oi?aaeaiey ii oeaeyi i?aaenoaaeaiu ia ?en. 1.4 [86].

?en. 1.4. Yoaiu i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey ii oeaeyi

1.2. Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu eae iauaeo eco/aiey noaoenoeee

A eiie?aoiue enoi?e/aneee iiiaio ethaia yeiiiie/aneia yaeaiea eiaao
eiie?aoioth aaee/eio, no?oeoo?o, eioaineaiinoue ?acaeoey, oo eee eioth
?ani?ino?aiaiiinoue e ii?aaeaeaiiua aioo?aiiea acaeiinayce. Oeaeue
noaoenoeee – i?e iiiiue noaoenoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue
?acia?u eco/aaiuo yaeaiee, eo iniaaiiinoe, caeiiiia?iinoe ?acaeoey, eo
nouiinoue e nenoaio aioo?aiiae i?aaiecaoeee [14]. I?e yoii
noaoenoe/aneea iieacaoaee iiae?acaeaeythony ia o/aoii-ioeaii/iua e
aiaeeoe/aneea [15, 16]. O/aoii-ioeaii/iua iieacaoaee io?aaeatho iauai
eee o?iaaiue eco/aaiiai yaeaiey; aiaeeoe/aneea iieacaoaee eniieuecothony
aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee iniaaiiinoae ?acaeoey yaeaiey, ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoe a
i?ino?ainoaa, niioiioaiey aai /anoae, acaeiinayce n ae?oaeie yaeaieyie.
A ea/anoaa aiaeeoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae eniieuecothony n?aaeiea aaee/eiu,
iieacaoaee no?oeoo?u, aa?eaoeee, aeeiaieee, noaiaie oaniiou nayce e ae?.

Iaeiei ec yaeaiee nia?aiaiiie aeecie noaei iiyaeaiea
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii. A nia?aiaiiie iao/iie,
iao/ii-ia?eiaee/aneie ia/aoe ii yoiio iiaiaeo iiyaeyaony i/aiue iiiai
ioaeeeaoeee, ii, eae ie no?aiii, i/aiue iaei aieiaiey oaeaeyaony
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiui a?oiiai eae iauaeoo noaoenoe/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey. A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui iienaoue
oeaeinoioth nenoaio noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia aeey oi?aaeaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiie. Ii eniieueciaaoue eaeea-eeai iaoiaeu
iaiaoiaeeii oieueei ia iniiaa noaoenoe/aneiai eco/aiey eo i?eiaieiinoe.
Iiyoiio, aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iauaeoa enneaaeiaaiey, iaiaoiaeeii iienaoue
oo caaea/o, aeey ?aoaiey eioi?ie aoaeoo i?eiaiyoueny noaoenoe/aneea
iaoiaeu.

Ionoue eiaaony iaeay oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee, ninoiyuay ec
iiiaeo iia?aoeee, ia/eiay io nai?a e ia?a?aaioee ia?ae/iiai nu?uey, e
caeai/eaay auioneii i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaiaeiie aeey i?iaeaaee a ?icieoeo
(oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey).

Anoanoaaiii, /oi ieeaeay oaoiieiaey ia aiieiuaaony a ?aaeueiinoue ia
ionoii ianoa. Aeaaeaeaoe oaoiieiaee aeieaeai aiaae?eoue aa ia
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iiyoiio aicieeaao caaea/a oi?ie?iaaiey a?oiiu
i?aaei?eyoee, naycaiiuo a aaeeiue oaoiieiae/aneee oeeee (oaoiieiae/aneay
oeaii/ea).

Aicieeaao aii?in: eoi aoaeao oi?ie?iaaoue oaeoth oeaii/eo? Ioaao
aeinoaoi/ii i?ino: oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu.

Aeey oi?ie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee iaiaoiaeeii ?aaeueii
i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa aeaeaaiue eiia/iue ?acoeueoao e iaeaaeaoue
niaieoiiinoueth eino?oiaioia aeey aai aeinoeaeaiey. A yoie nayce
aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue oi?ioee?iaaiey oeaeae ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
nicaeaaaaiie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Aeey yoiai a oi?aaeythuae
eiiiaiee aeieaeai nouanoaiaaoue aeai?eoi iinoaiiaee caaea/e ia nicaeaiea
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee.

Aeai?eoi iinoaiiaee caaea/e ia nicaeaiea oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee — yoi
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii auiieieoue
?oeiaiaenoao OIA aeey i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna. Ii
caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai:

ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae (oi?ie?iaaiea no?aoaaee);

eco/aiea oaoiieiaee;

iiaeai? i?aaei?eyoee-eniieieoaeae;

iino?iaiea noaiu ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa;

auai? enoi/ieea oeiaine?iaaiey;

iiaeai? ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?iaeoa;

eiio?ieue ?acoeueoaoia.

I?ioeannii ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaiaoiaeeii oi?aaeyoue. Aieaa oiai,
iaiaoiaeeii oi?aaeyoue yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. E oi?aaeyoue
oae, /oiau cao?aou ia oi?aaeaiea ia i?aauoaee aeioiaeia, iieo/aiiuo io
i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey, oi anoue, oi?aaeyoue yooaeoeaii. Aeey yoiai a
i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth i?eiaiythony noaoenoe/aneea
iaoiaeu, eioi?ua a niaieoiiinoe ninoaaeytho noaoenoe/aneoth
iaoiaeieiaeth.

Noaoenoe/aneay iaoiaeieiaey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nenoaio iaueo i?aaee
(i?eioeeiia), a oaeaea niaoeeaeueiuo i?eaiia e iaoiaeia noaoenoe/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey [54, 55]. Iauea i?aaeea noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey
enoiaeyo ec iieiaeaiee nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee e i?eioeeia
aeeaeaeoe/aneiai iaoiaea iiciaiey. Iie ninoaaeytho oai?aoe/aneoth aaco
noaoenoeee [74].

Oai?aoe/aneee (ea/anoaaiiue) aiaeec yaeaiey, iniiaaiiue ia
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo iaoeao, anaaaea i?aaeoanoaoao aai
noaoenoe/aneiio eco/aieth e yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai i?aaeeueiie
i?aaiecaoeee noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey e aacioeai/iiai oieeiaaiey
aai ?acoeueoaoia. Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai noaoenoe/aneiai eco/aiey
yaeyaony iiieiaiea nouiinoe eco/aaiiai iauaeoa eee i?ioeanna, ciaiea
caeiiia ?acaeoey e iniaaiiinoae eiie?aoiie ianoaiiaee [92]. Oae,
i?aaeaea /ai i?iaanoe noaoenoe/aneia enneaaeiaaiea aeeyiey ioaeaeueiuo
oaeoi?ia ia eciaiaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ?aaioieeia
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey, iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeaa?eoaeueii oynieoue
iiiyoea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, iainiiaaoue iaoiae ?an/aoa
iieacaoaey aeey oie io?anee yeiiiieee, e eioi?ie ioiineony i?aaei?eyoea,
ii?aaeaeeoue ninoaa oaeoi?ia e oa?aeoa? eo aicaeaenoaey. ?aoaiea yoeo
aii?inia o?aaoao niioaaonoaothueo ciaiee yeiiiieee io?anee.

Iaeiia?aiaiii, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue iieiaeaieyie nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie
oai?ee, noaoenoeea iaiaauaao nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea iaoee
oaeoe/aneeie aeaiiuie, iieo/aiiuie a noaoenoe/aneii enneaaeiaaiee;
noaoenoe/aneay eioi?iaoeey eniieuecoaony aeey i?iaa?ee, iainiiaaiey eee
eeethno?aoeee eo oai?aoe/aneeo iieiaeaiee.

A niioaaonoaee n aeeaeaeoe/aneei iaoiaeii iiciaiey noaoenoeea eco/aao
ana yaeaiey a eo acaeiinayce, a aeaeaeaiee e eciaiaiee, auaeaeyy eo
?acee/iua oeiu e oi?iu, onoaiaaeeaaao oi iiaia, i?ia?anneaiia, /oi
ca?iaeaeaaony a nouanoaothuai e ii?aaeaeyao iai?aaeaiea ?acaeoey [93]. A
i?ioeanna ?acaeoey ia?yaeo n eiee/anoaaiiuie eciaiaieyie a eco/aaiii
i?aaeiaoa i?ienoiaeyo ei?aiiua ea/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey. Iiyoiio
iaiaoiaeeii ?aniieaaaoue iaoiaeaie, iicaieythueie eco/aoue
eiee/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey a yaeaieyo, ioeaieaaoue nouanoaaiiinoue eee
ianouanoaaiiinoue iaaethaeaaiuo ?acee/ee, oeaaeeaaoue ia?aoiae
eiee/anoaaiiuo eciaiaiee a ea/anoaaiiua.

A i?ioeanna enneaaeiaaiey naiaai i?aaeiaoa noaoenoeea iiaeao
eniieueciaaoue e ae?oaea iauaiao/iua iaoiaeu, iai?eia? aiaeiaeth
(ia?aianaiea naienoa iaeiiai i?aaeiaoa ia ae?oaie) eee aeiioaco (iao/ii
iainiiaaiiia i?aaeiieiaeaiea i aiciiaeiuo i?e/eiiuo naycyo iaaeaeo
yaeaieyie).

Iie?aynue ia oai?aoe/aneoth aaco, noaoenoeea i?eiaiyao niaoeeoe/aneea
iaoiaeu oeeo?iaiai inaauaiey yaeaiey, eioi?ua iaoiaeyo naia au?aaeaiea a
o?ao yoaiao (noaaeeyo) noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey [120, 121, 122,
123]:

1. Ianniaia iao/ii i?aaieciaaiiia iaaethaeaiea, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai
iieo/atho ia?ae/ioth eioi?iaoeeth ia ioaeaeueiuo aaeeieoeao (oaeoao)
eco/aaiiai yaeaiey. Ianniaia noaoenoe/aneia iaaethaeaiea (o/ao aieueoiai
/enea eee anao aoiaeyueo a ninoaa eco/aaiiai yaeaiey aaeeieoe)
i?aaenoaaeyao enoiaeiue iaoa?eae aeey noaoenoe/aneeo iaiauaiee, aeey
iieo/aiey iauaeoeaiuo auaiaeia ia eco/aaiii yaeaiee. Iieo/aiea naaaeaiee
i aeinoaoi/ii aieueoii /enea aaeeieoe aeaao aiciiaeiinoue inaiaiaeeoueny
io aeeyiey neo/aeiuo i?e/ei e onoaiiaeoue oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou eco/aaiiai
iauaeoa.

2. A?oiie?iaea e naiaeea iaoa?eaea, i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie ?an/eaiaiea
anae iannu neo/aaa (aaeeieoe) ia iaeii?iaeiua a?oiiu e iiaea?oiiu,
iiaen/ao eoiaia ii eaaeaeie a?oiia e iiaea?oiia e ioi?ieaiea iieo/aiiuo
?acoeueoaoia a aeaea noaoenoe/aneie oaaeeoeu. A?oiie?iaee aeatho
aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeeoue ec ninoaaa anao neo/aaa aaeeieoeu ?aciiai
ea/anoaa, iieacaoue iniaaiiinoe yaeaiee, ?acaeaathueony a ?acee/iuo
oneiaeyo. Iinea i?iaaaeaiey a?oiie?iaee i?enooiatho e iaiauaieth aeaiiuo
iaaethaeaiey ii auaeaeaiiui /anoyi e oeaeiio, o. a. e iieo/aieth
noaoenoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae a oi?ia aaniethoiuo aaee/ei
(o/aoii-ioeaii/iua iieacaoaee), i?e iiiiue eioi?uo ecia?ytho iauaiu
(?acia?u) yaeaiee.

3. Ia?aaioea noaoenoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae, iieo/aiiuo i?e naiaeea, e
aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia aeey iieo/aiey iainiiaaiiuo auaiaeia i ninoiyiee
eco/aaiiai yaeaiey e caeiiiia?iinoyo aai ?acaeoey. Auaiaeu, eae i?aaeei,
eceaaathony a oaenoiaie oi?ia e nii?iaiaeaeathony a?aoeeaie e
oaaeeoeaie.

I?e ia?aaioea aeaiiuo en/eneytho aiaeeoe/aneea iieacaoaee, io?aaeathuea
iniaaiiinoe ioaeaeueiuo oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii, niioiioaiey e
acaeiinayce iaaeaeo ieie. Iie ii?aaeaeythony a oi?ia n?aaeieo,
ioiineoaeueiuo aaee/ei, iieacaoaeae aa?eaoeee, eiaeaeniuo iieacaoaeae.
Aeey yoiai yoaia enneaaeiaaiey oa?aeoa?ii i?eiaiaiea anaai a?naiaea
noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia; i?eiaiaiea niaoeeaeueiuo iaoiaeia
i?aaeii?aaeaeyaony iinoaaeaiiuie caaea/aie e iniaaiiinoyie ia?ae/iie
eioi?iaoeee.

Oaeei ia?acii, niaoeeoe/aneee iaoiae noaoenoeee iniiaai ia niaaeeiaiee
aiaeeca e neioaca [128, 160]. Nia/aea auaeaeythony a ninoaaa eco/aaiiai
yaeaiey e ?acaeaeueii eco/athony /anoe (a?oiiu e iiaea?oiiu),
ioeaieaaaony nouanoaaiiinoue eee ianouanoaaiiinoue iaaethaeaaiuo
?acee/ee a aaee/eia i?eciaea, auyaeythony i?e/eiu ?acee/ee, a caoai
aeaaony oa?aeoa?enoeea yaeaiey a oeaeii, ai anae niaieoiiinoe aai
noi?ii, oaiaeaioeee e oi?i ?acaeoey [128]. Ana noaaeee noaoenoe/aneie
?aaiou oanii naycaiu ae?oa n ae?oaii; iaaeinoaoee, aicieeathuea ia
iaeiie ec ieo, neacuaathony ia anai enneaaeiaaiee a oeaeii. Iiyoiio
no?iaia niaethaeaiea i?aaee noaoenoe/aneie iaoee iaycaoaeueii ia anao
noaaeeyo noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey.

N aii?inii i iaoiaea noaoenoeee naycai aii?in i aa nayce n iaoaiaoeeie.
Yoa naycue iauyniyaony oai, /oi aeey ecia?aiey e aiaeeca eiee/anoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee iaiaoiaeeii i?eiaiaiea iaoaiaoe/aneeo i?eaiia e iaoiaeia.

Oe?iei i?eiaiyaony a noaoenoeea aiia?ao iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeee –
aiaeec aa?eaoeeiiiuo ?yaeia, ei??aeyoeeiiiue e ?aa?anneiiiue aiaeec. A
iineaaeiea aiaeu eniieuecothony e ae?oaea i?eaiu aunoae iaoaiaoeee:
iaoiaeu iioeiaeueiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, oai?ey ?aniiciaaaiey ia?acia e
ae?.

Eae aoaeao iieacaii aeaeueoa, aanue aiaaoue niaeo? i?eaiia, iaoiaeia e
niiniaia noaoenoeee i?eiaiyaony i?e eco/aiee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, a oaeaea
a i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii. Yoi aeieacuaaao, /oi
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia noaee iauaeoii
eco/aiey noaoenoeee.

1.3. I?iaeaiu oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii

Nenoaiiue acaeyae ia yooaeoeaiinoue

Yooaeoeaiinoue aanueia aaaeii ?anniao?eaaoue ia oieueei eae ?acoeueoao
ia?a?aaioee iinooiathueo a nenoaio ?ano?nia a eiia/iue i?iaeoeo (oioy
yoi a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe oae e i?ienoiaeeo), ii e eae i?ioeann, eiathuee
iiiaeanoai aiaoieo aicaeaenoaee [25, 31, 33]. Niaeanii oi?ioea, a iauai
aeaea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue anoue ioiioaiea noieiinoe auoiaeiie
i?iaeoeoeee e noieiinoe aoiaeiiai nu?uey. Aeaaea n /enoi iaoaiaoe/aneie
oi/ee c?aiey iiaeii aeaeaoue, /oi ana oi, /oi aeeyao ia aoiaeiua eee ia
auoiaeiua aaee/eiu, aucuaaao eciaiaiey a yooaeoeaiinoe. Yoi icia/aao,
/oi ia?yaeo n i?ioeannii ia?a?aaioee iaiaoiaeeii ?anniao?eaaoue aoiaeiua
aaee/eiu, auoiaeiua aaee/eiu, a oaeaea ethaua aeeythuea ia ieo oaeoi?u
aiaoiae n?aaeu.

Ia ?en. 1.5 [86] yooaeoeaiinoue iieacaia n oi/ee c?aiey nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea. Caeanue aeaeii, /oi ia yooaeoeaiinoue aeeytho iiiai/eneaiiua
oaeoi?u, aeaenoaothuea eae ai aiaoiae n?aaea, oae e a i?ioeanna
i?aia?aciaaiee a nenoaia. Iineieueeo ana yoe oaeoi?u aeeytho e ae?oa ia
ae?oaa, oi iiaeii neacaoue, /oi yniuo, aaniethoiuo iooae e iiauoaieth
yooaeoeaiinoe ia nouanoaoao. Iiiaea iiiuoee iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe
i?iaaeeeenue eiaiii iioiio, /oi ?oeiaiaeeoaee ia i?aaeaeaeaee aiciiaeiuo
?acoeueoaoia i?aaei?eiyouo eie oneeee. Iiaeaeue, i?aaenoaaeaiiay a
aeaiiii ?acaeaea, oeacuaaao iooe iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe. Iaeei ec yoeo
iooae naycai n caaeneiinoueth iaaeaeo ea/anoaii e yooaeoeaiinoueth.

?en. 1.5. I?ioeann ia?a?aaioee

Ea/anoai e yooaeoeaiinoue

Eiioeaioeey ea/anoaa, yoiai iaeiiai ec iaeaieaa aaaeiuo oaeoi?ia
yooaeoeaiinoe, iieacuaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiiieaeniiai, nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea. Iaeaieaa /anoay ioeaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?e ioeaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe naiae i?aaiecaoeee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iie
?anniao?eaatho eeoue iieacaoaee iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa [80].

Aeaei caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ca/anooth ?oeiaiaeeoaeue oae iiaeiuai
aii?inaie eiee/anoaa, /oi iieiinoueth eaii?e?oao aii?inu ea/anoaa. Ec
aeaoo oaeoi?ia, aeeythueo ia yooaeoeaiinoue, o. a. aeioiaeia e
?anoiaeia, ?oeiaiaeeoaee neeiiiu eiioeaio?e?iaaoue naia aieiaiea a
iniiaiii ia aeioiaeao e cao?aoao oieueei a i?yiii niunea. Iaeiaei iiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, aeiaeaoeony iaeaieueoaai oniaoa (a iie iaeciaiii yaeythony
e iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuie), niiaa e niiaa iieacuaaao, /oi ea/anoai
yaeyaony aaaeiui yeaiaioii cao?aoiiai eiiiiiaioa [97].

Iiaiai?ea, /oi “oniao ii?iaeaeaao oniao” aa?ia e aeey yooaeoeaiinoe
i?aaiecaoeee. Aunieia ea/anoai i?yii nieaeaao ecaea?aeee ca n/ao
oaaee/aiey aeiee i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?oth iiaeii i?iaeaoue, oiaiueoaiey
neo/aaa aica?aoa ecaeaeee iieoiaoaeyie aneaaenoaea eiathueony aeaoaeoia,
a oaeaea ca n/ao nie?auaiey iauaia aa?aioeeiiai ?aiiioa. A ?acoeueoaoa
i?aaei?eyoea iieo/aao aieueoa aeaiaa, eioi?ua iii iiaeao ec?anoiaeiaaoue
ia ia?ii?eyoey ii iiauoaieth eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue aunieiai ea/anoaa iiauo i?iaeoeoia, eioi?ia aeaao
oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iaeaae; iiiiaaao iiiyoue i?aeiouanoaa ianooaaiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa, iicaieythuaai oaaee/eoue aeieth i?eauee a aeioiaeao [77].

Ii/aio yoi eiaao oaeia cia/aiea e ii/aio yoi noieue neeueii aeeyao ia
yooaeoeaiinoue, iiaeii iienaoue a nenoaiiuo oa?ieiao, eae yoi iieacaii
ia ?en. 1.5.

Ea/anoai eiaao eae aioo?aiiee, oae e aiaoiee eiiiiiaio [94]. Aioo?aiiea
eiiiiiaiou ea/anoaa – yoi oa?aeoa?enoeee, aioo?aiia i?enouea
auioneaaiiio i?iaeoeoo. Aeey oiaa?ia yoi – n?ie neoaeau, ionoonoaea
aeaoaeoia, oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee, o?iaaiue eniieiaiey, aeecaei
[159]. E oa?aeoa?enoeeai ea/anoaa oneoa ioiinyony iaaeaaeiinoue, aunieea
noaiaea?ou e auno?ioa ianeoaeeaaiey, aeinooiiinoue e ieceay oeaia.

Eae e ana, /oi naycaii n i?aaiecaoeeae, ea/anoai caaeneo io oaeoi?ia,
iaoiaeyueony aia i?aaiecaoeee. Aieueoaa cia/aiea eiatho ia oaoie/aneea
aeaiiua i?iaeoeoa, a oi, a eaeie noaiaie yoio i?iaeoeo niioaaonoaoao
iio?aaiinoyi iio?aaeoaeae. Yoi, a naith i/a?aaeue, caaeneo io
acaeiiaeaenoaey iiiaeo nee. Aeaa iaeaieaa aaaeiuo e i/aaeaeiuo oaeoi?a:
eoi yaeyaony iio?aaeoaeai e eae aoaeao eniieueciaaoueny i?iaeoeo [109].

Oeaiiinoue, ea/anoai e yooaeoeaiinoue

Iio?aaeoaeae oiaa?ia, e oneoa, aoaeue iie /anoiuie eeoeaie eee
i?iiuoeaiiuie aeaaioaie, eioa?anoao ia noaiaiue niaa?oainoaa, a
oeaiiinoue. Oeaiiinoue – yoi ooieoeey niioaaonoaothueo yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo
oa?aeoa?enoee e oeaiu [115]. Eiaiii oeaiiinoue ii?aaeaeyao ea/anoai.
Oeaiiinoue, i?eiaieoaeueii e ea/anoao, yaeyaony iiiyoeai ioiineoaeueiui.
Iio?aaeoaeue n?aaieaaao i?iaeoeoeeth i?aaei?eyoey n i?iaeoeoeeae aa
eiieo?aioia, ae?oaeie oiaa?aie eee oneoaaie, oaeiaeaoai?ythueie oaeea
aea iio?aaiinoe, eee n i?iaeoeoeeae yoiai i?aaei?eyoey a i?ioeii.
Iio?aaeoaee ioithaeue ia iauaeoeaiu a ii?aaeaeaiee oeaiiinoe. Aaaeioth
?ieue ea?aao e oa?aeoa? aini?eyoey, ia eioi?ue aeeytho oaeea
“iainycaaiua” oaeoi?u, eae, iai?eia?, eieaeae, ?aiooaoeey a iauanoaa.

N eiioeaioeeae aini?eyoey oeaiiinoe naycai e aii?in o?iaiy aeaoaeoia.
Aeey iieoiaoaey nouanoaoao oieueei iaeei i?eaieaiue o?iaaiue – iieiia
ionoonoaea aeaoaeoia [130].

Oeeee “aoiae – auoiae”

Ia auoiaea oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee anaaaea eiathony eae
iieiaeeoaeueiua, oae e io?eoeaoaeueiua ?acoeueoaou. E iieiaeeoaeueiui
?acoeueoaoai ioiinyony ea/anoai oiaa?ia eee oneoa, i?eaueue, caiyoinoue
ianaeaiey. E aiciiaeiui iaaaoeaiui ?acoeueoaoai ioiinyony aeaoaeou,
iioa?e, aac?aaioeoea, eioi?ua iiaoo eiaoue iieiaeeoaeueiia cia/aiea aeey
OOe, ii io?eoeaoaeueiia aeey iauanoaa. Ii/oe ana oi?aaeai/aneea ?aoaiey,
aeaaea oa, eioi?ua a oeaeii iinyo iieiaeeoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, eiatho
ii?aaeaeaiiua iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey [149]. Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe a
eiie?aoiie i?aaiecaoeee, iai?eia?, iiaeao aanoe e nie?auaieth ?aai/eo
iano a iae eee a niaaeiuo io?aneyo. I?e n?aaieoaeueiie ioeaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaee aeieaeiu au/eoaoue i?yiua cao?aou, naycaiiua
n io?eoeaoaeueiuie ?acoeueoaoaie, /oiau iaeoe enoeiioth yooaeoeaiinoue.
Aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi i?e ii?aaeaeaiee iieacaoaey yooaeoeaiinoe ia
iniiaa iauaia auionea, a iaai iaeuecy aeeth/aoue aeaoaeoiua ecaeaeey eee
iaea/anoaaiiua oneoae. Iaiaa i/aaeaeii i?iyaeaiea einaaiiuo aicaeaenoaee
io?eoeaoaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia.

Oi?aaeaiea ii e?eoa?eth yooaeoeaiinoe

Oi?aaeaiea ii e?eoa?eth yooaeoeaiinoe — yoi oi aea naiia, /oi e
yooaeoeaiia oi?aaeaiea a ethaii ae?oaii eiioaenoa [86]. Iaania/aiea
noaaeeueii aunieie yooaeoeaiinoe eanaaony anao ooieoeee nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey e anao naycothueo i?ioeannia – eiiioieeaoeee, i?eiyoey
?aoaiee e iaania/aiey eeaea?noaa.

Ieaie?iaaiea e yooaeoeaiinoue

Iaeei ec aeaaiuo iinooeaoia oi?aaeaiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
iaaiciiaeii aeiaeoueny onoie/eaie aunieie yooaeoeaiinoe i?e niiioaiiie,
eiioeueneaiie ?aaeoeee ia ethaua aicieeathuea i?iaeaiu. ?oeiaiaenoai
aeieaeii iaania/eaaoue yooaeoeaiinoue iin?aaenoaii i?ioeanna
ieaie?iaaiey. Ia eiay eiie?aoiuo oeaeae ii yooaeoeaiinoe, iaaiciiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue – yaeyaony ee aeinoeaiooay yooaeoeaiinoue aunieie eee
ieceie. Oeaee neoaeao i?eaioe?aie i?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i oii, eaeay
?aaioa iiauoaao iauoth yooaeoeaiinoue, a eaeay iaoaao aa ?inoo.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aeeciaiii aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey onoie/eaiai ?inoa
yooaeoeaiinoe eiaao ia?niaeoeaiia ieaie?iaaiea, iineieueeo aeey
yooaeoeaiinoe aiieia oeie/iu a?aiaiiua iaaeaiey ii i?e/eiai, ia
naycaiiui n yooaeoeaiinoueth ?aaeecoaiuo i?ia?aii aa iiauoaiey .

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue o/aoa aeieain?i/iie ia?niaeoeau i?iiecuaaao aanue
i?ioeann ieaie?iaaiey naa?oo aeiieco. Ia?niaeoeaiua aeieaia?aiaiiua
no?aoaae/aneea ieaiu iaiaoiaeeii ananoi?iiia iiaee?aieyoue
e?aoein?i/iuie ieaiaie, oeaeyie iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaiecaoeee e aeaaea
i?aaeeaie e ii?iaie, i?eiyouie a i?aaiecaoeee [6].

Oi?iaeeciaaiiia ieaie?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe i?ineaaeeaaaony ai anai
i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey. Iii iioeae?oao ethaeae ia oaeoth ?aaioo, eioi?ay
niinianoaoao ?inoo yooaeoeaiinoe, ?acuyniyy, /aai aea aeiaeaaaony
i?aaiecaoeey, e caeeaaeuaaao aacen aeey oiai, /oiau oaycaoue
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea ca o?oae n aai yooaeoeaiinoueth. Anoanoaaiii, /oi ieaiu
ii ?acaeoeth yooaeoeaiinoe iaeiia?aiaiii yaeythony e iniiaie aeey
eiio?iey ca iae.

AEAAA 2. OeEEE EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss e IAOIAeIEIAEss aai aiaeeca

2.1. Noaoenoe/aneia iainiiaaiea auai?a i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee

Auai? i?aaei?eyoee — iioaioeeaeueiuo o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee

Aeey i?aaei?eyoey, eieoeee?othuaai ?aaeecaoeeth eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa
(oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee), a oaeaea aeey eiaanoi?a (iai?eia?,
oeiainiaay no?oeoo?a aioo?e oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu) iaeiei ec
aeaaiuo aniaeoia i?aaiecaoeee OOe ianiiiaiii yaeyaony i?ioeann ioai?a
eiio?aaaioia (i?aaei?eyoee-niaaeieeia) a ?aieao OOe [20, 27].

Ioai? eiio?aaaioia — yoi i?ioeann iieo/aiey e aiaeeca enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo
i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai i?aaei?eyoey-iioaioeeaeueiiai
eiio?aaaioa. Ninoaa eioi?iaoeee i eiio?aaaioa caaeneo io oneiaee
i?iaeoa. Iaiaoiaeeiue ieieioi iiaeao aeeth/aoue neaaeothuea aeaiiua [51,
57]:

aeaiiua i ?oeiaiaenoaa eiio?aaaioa;

iiiaieeaoo?a auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee;

aaeain e i?eeiaeaiey e aaeaino ca i?aaeoanoaothuea /aou?a eaa?oaea;

?anoeo?iaea no?oeoo?u aeoeaia e no?oeoo?u ianneaia;

eciioaiiinoue iai?oaeiaaiey;

aeaiiua i aeeeoaeueiinoe oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea eiio?aaaioa ii auioneo
i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia a ?aieao OOe;

aeaiiua i no?oeoo?a oeaiu ia i?iaeoeoeeth, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia a ?aieao OOe;

iaee/ea naycae n ae?oaeie i?aaei?eyoeyie.

Eiay oaeie ieieiaeueiue iaai? aeaiiuo, iiaeii ninoaaeoue iauaa
i?aaenoaaeaiea i eiio?aaaioa e naeaeaoue i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua auaiaeu i
aiciiaeiinoe eee iaaiciiaeiinoe aeaeueiaeoaai nio?oaeie/anoaa.

Ii ?acoeueoaoai aiaeeca i?iaiaeeony eiieo?niue ioai? eiio?aaaioa ec
/enea iioaioeeaeueiuo eaiaeeaeaoia.

Iniiaiui e?eoa?eai i?e i?iaaaeaiee eiieo?niiai ioai?a yaeyaony e?eoa?ee
oae iacuaaaiie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaiiinoe (EOOe):

,

aaea

? — ?acoeueoao i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia a ?aieao OOe (au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee oaeie
i?iaeoeoeee) (?oa.);

C — cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia a ?aieao OOe (naaanoieiinoue) (?oa.);

AeOOe — aeeeoaeueiinoue oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea i?iecaiaenoaa
i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia a ?aieao OOe (aei.)

Oaeei ia?acii, yeiiiie/aneee niune EOOe — aaeaaeiaaiay yooaeoeaiinoue
i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia a ?aieao
OOe.

Aeey ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey oaeaea iau/ii
eniieuecoaony iieacaoaeue oiiaeiioaea/e (O) [10, 23, 33, 34, 47, 58, 59,
61, 62, 98], eioi?ue iieacuaaao neieueei ?oaeae au?o/ee iieo/aii ia
?oaeue noieiinoe iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia.

,

aaea

A? – au?o/ea i?aaei?eyoey io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee ca i?aaeuaeouee
ia?eiae (eaa?oae);

IAN? – n?aaeiaeaa?oaeueiay noieiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia:

,

IAII – noieiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia ia ia/aei eaa?oaea;

IAEI – noieiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia ia eiiaoe eaa?oaea.

Ia?yaeo ni cia/aieyie eiyooeoeeaioa oeaii/iie yooaeoeaiinoe e
oiiaeiioaea/e ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?iaeoa aeieaeai iieo/eoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i
?oeiaiaenoaa eiio?aaaioa. Naeaeaoue yoi iiaeii i?e i?iaaaeaiee
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuo ia?aaiai?ia.

Iinea i?eiyoey iieiaeeoaeueiiai ?aoaiey n eiio?aaaioii caeeth/athony
aeiaiai?a ia o/anoee eiio?aaaioa a OOe.

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec aiaoiae io/aoiinoe i?aaei?eyoey —
iioaioeeaeueiiai o/anoieea OOe

Aiaeec aaeaina

Aeey aiaeeca iauaai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey eniieuecothony aeaiiua
iieo/aiiua i?e aiaeeca aaeaina e io/aoa i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao.

Ia?aue oaa aiaeeca aaeaina – i?aia?aciaaiea noaiaea?oiie oi?iu aaeaina a
oe?oiiaiioth (aa?aae?iaaiioth) oi?io [12, 13, 36, 45, 75, 160], aieaa
oaeiaioth aeey i?iaaaeaiey aiaeeca. Aeaiiay oi?ia aaeaina
iaoiaeieiae/anee e oa?ieiieiae/anee a iniiaiii niaiaaeaao n
eniieuecoaiuie a ie?iaie i?aeoeea oi?iaie aaeainiauo io/aoia.

Oa?aeoa?iui ioee/eai aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina io enoiaeiiai yaeyaony
iauaaeeiaiea noaoae aaeaina n iaeeiaeiaui yeiiiie/aneei niaea?aeaieai.

Aeoeau aaeaina ia?aa?oiie?iauaathony ii noaiaie eo eeeaeaeiinoe.

Oaeouea ianneau ia?aa?oiie?iauaathony ii n?ieo iiaaoaiey.

A noaoueth “Onoaaiie eaieoae” aeeth/aaony oieueei iiea/aiiue
aeoeeiia?aie eaieoae, iiyoiio aaethoa aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina iiaeao
ioee/aoueny io aaethou aooaaeoa?neiai aaeaina ia noiio caaeieaeaiiinoe
o/?aaeeoaeae. Ioaeaeueiie no?ieie aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina iieacuaaaony
/enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae, ii?aaeaeyaiue eae /anoue oaeoueo aeoeaia
(iai?ioiiai eaieoaea), oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/ao eiaanoe?iaaiiiai eaieoaea.
Aaee/eia yoiai iieacaoaey oa?aeoa?ecoao noaiaiue eeeaeaeiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, /oi i?eaeaao aeaiiiio iieacaoaeth iniaoth aaaeiinoue.

Eae i?aaeei, /enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae (*IE) ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea
[163]:

*IE = OA – OI.

Oaeaea cia/aiea /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue eae
?aciinoue iaaeaeo eiaanoe?iaaiiui e iinoiyiiui eaieoaeii:

*IE = EE – IA.

Eniieueciaaiea aeaiiie oi?ioeu iicaieyao i?iaiaeece?iaaoue i?e/eiu
eciaiaiey eeeaeaeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

Ii?yaeie ninoaaeaiey aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina i?aaenoaaeai a i?eeiaeaiee
?1

Iinea i?aia?aciaaiey aeey auyaeaiey aeeiaieee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?aaei?eyoey i?iaiaeeony eco/aiea eciaiaiey noaoae aa?aae?iaaiiiai
aaeaina [35, 46, 67]. Caiieiyaony oaaeeoea “Eciaiaiea noaoae aaeaina”
aiaoiee aeae eioi?ie aiaeiae/ai oaaeeoea “Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain”.

Aeaiiua a no?ieao 1 – 31 au/eneythony, eae ?aciinoe niioaaonoaothueo
iiceoeee ca ianoiyuee e i?aaeuaeouee io/aoiua eioa?aaeu

Eiaeeeaoi?ii ?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii n/eoaoue eciaiaiea cia/aiey
aaethou aaeaina. ?acoeueoaoii aeaiiie /anoe aiaeeca aeieaeii noaoue
auyaeaiea enoi/ieeia oaaee/aiey eee nie?auaiey aaee/eiu aeoeaia, ii
eioi?ui aeaiiua eciaiaiey i?iecioee.

Ia yoii oaaa eniieuecoaony iieacaoaeue, iacuaaaiue “Eiyooeoeeaio
iiaeeecaoeee aeiiieieoaeueiiai eaieoaea” (Eiaee). Ii ?ann/eouaaaony, eae
ioiioaiea i?e?inoa /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea (D*IE) e i?e?inoo
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai eaieoaea (DEE) e iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue i?e?inoa
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai eaieoaea iai?aaeaia ia oaaee/aiea iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa.

DEE = Eciaiaiea nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa + Eciaiaiea aeieain?i/iuo
iaycaoaeuenoa;

D*IE

Eiaee = ———–– .

DEE

I?e io?eoeaoaeueiuo cia/aieyo i?e?inoa enoiaeiuo iieacaoaeae
?ann/eouaaoue aeaiiue iieacaoaeue iaoeaeaniia?acii.

Neaaeothuei oaaii aiaeeca aaeaina yaeyaony aiaeec no?oeoo?u aeoeaia e
no?oeoo?u ianneaia [29, 49, 82]. Ii?yaeie ?an/aoa no?oeoo?u aaeaina
i?aaenoaaeai a i?eeiaeaiee ?2.

Aiaeec io/aoa i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao

Aiaeec io/aoa neaaeoao ia/eiaoue n i?aia?aciaaiey aai a aieaa oaeiaiue
aeey enneaaeiaaiey aeae [111, 157]:

ai-ia?auo, anee eioa?aae enneaaeiaaiey iaiueoa aiaea, iaiaoiaeeii
i?iecaanoe niioaaonoaothuea ia?an/aou, oae eae io/ao i oeiainiauo
?acoeueoaoao a oa/aiea iaeiiai aiaea auiieiyaony ia?anoathuei eoiaii;

ai-aoi?uo, i?eiyoay oi?ia io/aoa i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao e eo
eniieueciaaiee, nicaeaia ii i?eioeeio iaeiinooiai/aoie iiaeaee, a
/anoiinoe, naaanoieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee iieacaia iaeiie
iiceoeeae, /oi e?aeia iaaaeiyao aiciiaeiue aiaeec. Iiyoiio aeey
iino?iaiey iieiioeaiiiai io/aoa i i?eaueyo e oauoeao iaiaoiaeeii, eae
ieieioi, ?acaeaeeoue cao?aou ia ?aaeeciaaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth, ia
ia?aiaiiua e iinoiyiiua cao?aou, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai aeaiiua
niioaaonoaothueo ?aai/eo oi?i aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa (aeo?iae-i?aea? ?
10).

Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe

Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa oa?aeoa?ecoaony
i?aaeaea anaai eo iai?a/eaaaiinoueth [7, 9, 11]. Iiae iai?a/eaaaiinoueth
n?aaenoa iiieiaaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue i?ioiaeaeaiey n?aaenoaaie
ioaeaeueiuo noaaeee i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?auaiey. A?aiy, a oa/aiea eioi?iai
iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa iaoiaeyony a iai?ioa, o.a. iineaaeiaaoaeueii
ia?aoiaeyo ec iaeiie noaaeee a ae?oaoth, ninoaaeyao ia?eiae iai?ioa
iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa.

Iai?a/eaaaiinoue iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa en/eneyaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth
iaeiiai iai?ioa a aeiyo (iai?a/eaaaiinoue iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a aeiyo)
eee eiee/anoaii iai?ioia ca io/aoiue ia?eiae.

Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe aeeth/aao:

aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe oaeoueo aeoeaia;

aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe oaeoueo ianneaia;

aiaeec “/enoiai oeeeea”.

Iai?a/eaaaiinoue oaeoueo aeoeaia oa?aeoa?ecoao niiniaiinoue aeoeaia
i?aaei?eyoey i?eiineoue i?eaueue iooai niaa?oaiey eie “iai?ioa” ii
eeanne/aneie oi?ioea “Aeaiueae – Oiaa? – Aeaiueae`”. “Nei?inoue iai?ioa”
iaoiaeeony a “i?yiie” nayce n iieacaoaeyie ?aioaaaeueiinoe.

?ann/eouaathony neaaeothuea iieacaoaee:

Iai?a/eaaaiinoue aeoeaia (Ia) — iieacuaaao, neieueei ?ac ca ia?eiae
“iaa?ioeny” ?anniao?eaaaiue aeae aeoeaa (A) [24, 32, 37, 64].

,

aaea

Aii — cia/aiea aeoeaa ia ia/aei ia?eiaea,

Aei — cia/aiea aeoeaa ia eiiaoe ia?eiaea.

Aaca aeey ?an/aoa iai?a/eaaaiinoe (/eneeoaeue i?eaaaeaiiie auoa oi?ioeu)
aeey eaaeaeiai yeaiaioa oaeoueo aeoeaia iiaeao auoue ?aciay: aeey
aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe — au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee, aeey oiaa?ia —
iieoiiay noieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiuo oiaa?ia, aeey iacaaa?oaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa e caiania — naaanoieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Ia?eiae iai?ioa aeoeaia (IOa) — iieacuaaao eaeiaa i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
iaeiiai iai?ioa aeoeaa a aeiyo (n?ie “aacaeaenoaey”).

.

Noiia ia?eiaeia iai?ioa ioaeaeueiuo ninoaaeythueo oaeoueo aeoeaia, ca
eneeth/aieai aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ninoaaeyao “cao?aoiue oeeee”
i?aaei?eyoey.

Ia?eiae iai?ioa i?aaeuyaeaiiuo n/aoia (e?aaeeo iinoaaueeia) e ia?eiae
iai?ioa aaainia e i?aaeiieao (e?aaeeo iieoiaoaeae) ?ann/eouaathony ii
oi?ioeai aiaeiae/iui ia?eiaeai iai?ioa aeoeaia.

Ia?eiae iai?ioa i?i/eo oaeoueo ianneaia ii?aaeaeyaony yenia?oiui
iaoiaeii, enoiaey ec /anoiou auieaou ca?aaioiie ieaou e iaeiaia.

Noiia ia?eiaeia iai?ioa oaeoueo ianneaia ninoaaeyao “e?aaeeoiue oeeee”
i?aaei?eyoey.

?aciinoue iaaeaeo “cao?aoiui oeeeeii” e “e?aaeeoiui oeeeeii” ninoaaeyao
“/enoue oeeee”.

“*enoue oeeee” — aaaeiaeoee iieacaoaeue, oa?aeoa?ecothuee oeiainiaoth
i?aaiecaoeeth iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna [53, 70, 88]. ?ino
yoiai iieacaoaey naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ?inoa iio?aaiinoe a oeiaine?iaaiee
ni noi?iiu aiaoieo ii ioiioaieth e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio i?ioeanno
enoi/ieeia (nianoaaiiue eaieoae, e?aaeeou). Io?eoeaoaeueiia cia/aiea
“/enoiai oeeeea” iiaeao icia/aoue, /oi e?aaeeou iinoaaueeia e
iieoiaoaeae n ecauoeii iie?uaatho iio?aaiinoue a oeiaine?iaaiee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna e i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao eniieueciaaoue
ia?acothueeny eceeoae ia eiua oeaee, iai?eia?, ia oeiaine?iaaiea
iinoiyiiiai eaieoaea.

Oaeei ia?acii, iinea i?iaaaeaiey aiaeeca io/aoiinoe
i?aaei?eyoee-iioaioeeaeueiuo o/anoieeia OOe iiaeii ec anae niaieoiiinoe
aua?aoue oa i?aaei?eyoey, o/anoea eioi?uo a OOe i?aaenoaaeyaony
oeaeaniia?aciui.

2.2. I?eiaiaiea noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia i?e ?aaeecaoeee oeeeea
ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey

I?iaeoe?iaaiea oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee ii aeaiiui eiie?aoiuo
i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe

Iniiaiay oeaeue i?iaeoe?iaaiey — ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo caaea/ OOe,
ii?aaeaeaiea noaiu acaeiiaeaenoaey, ?an/ao ieaiiauo cia/aiee iniiaiuo
iieacaoaeae, eco/aiea eaiaeeaeaoo? ia ooaa?aeaeaiea ?oeiaiaeeoaeai
i?iaeoa.

I?ioeann i?iaeoe?iaaiey ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo yoaiia [38, 60, 73, 152].

Ia?aue yoai — i?iaeoe?iaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noaiu

Ia ia?aii yoaia ii?aaeaeyaony iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue acaeiiaeaenoaey
i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe, ii?yaeie niaa?oaiey iia?aoeee a ?aieao
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea [41, 72]. Ii?yaeie ioa?ocee e ia?aaea/e
iieooaa?eeaoia. Ii?aaeaeaiea ii?yaeea acaeiiaeaenoaey n i?aaei?eyoeyie
aiaoieie ii ioiioaieth e oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea.

Eoiaiaui aeieoiaioii ia?aiai yoaia yaeyaony i?iecaiaenoaaiiay noaia OOe,
i?eia?iue aeae eioi?ie i?eaaaeai ia ?en. 2.1.

?en. 2.1. I?eia?iue aeae i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noaiu

I?iecaiaenoaaiiay noaia — yoi “neaeao” anaai i?iaeoa, ia eioi?ue a
?acoeueoaoa auiieiaiey neaaeothueo yoaiia eyaoo ae?oaea iieacaoaee.

Aoi?ie yoai — eaeaiaea?iue ieai i?iaeoa

Eiaaea onoaiiaeai ii?yaeie acaeiiaeaenoaey, iiaeii ia?aoiaeeoue e
neaaeothuaio yoaio — i?iaeoe?iaaieth eaeaiaea?iiai ieaia auiieiaiey
i?iaeoa, oeaeue eioi?iai onoaiiaeoue eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u ii
aeeeoaeueiinoe auiieiaiey iia?aoeee a ?aieao OOe [63, 99]. Iniiaie aeey
i?iaaaeaiey aoi?iai yoaia neoaeeo eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay a oiaea
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai aiaeeca eiio?aaaioia, ia iai?a/eaaaiinoe e
aeeeoaeueiinoe oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea ii i?iecaiaenoao i?iaeoeoeee
(eioi?ay a ?aieao OOe yaeyaony iieooaa?eeaoii). A oeaeyo oaeoaeaiey
aiaeeca i?aaei?eyoey, aioaaeoea a OOe, i?aaenoaaeytho io/aoiinoue ca
ianeieueei i?aaeuaeoueo ia?eiaeia.

Ii aeaiiui ninoaaeyaony oaaeeoea iai?a/eaaaiinoe ii aeaeai oaeoueo
aeoeaia. Ii eaaeaeiio aeaeo aeoeaia ?ann/eouaaaony n?aaeiaa
a?eoiaoe/aneia cia/aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe ca ia?eiae (In?).

aaea

In? – n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa aeaea oaeoueo aeoeaia;

Ii – i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa aeaea oaeoueo aeoeaia a i-oii
ia?eiaea.

Iinea yoiai aeeeoaeueiinoue yoaia ?ann/eouaaaony eae noiia n?aaeieo
ia?eiaeia iai?ioa caiania iaoa?eaeia, iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa,
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.

,

aaea

AeYi – aeeeoaeueiinoue i-oiai yoaia;

ICIn? – n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa caiania iaoa?eaeia;

IIIn? – n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa iacaaa?oaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa;

IAIn? – n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.

I?eia? 2.1. Ionoue eiathony neaaeothuea aeaiiua ii ia?eiaeai iai?ioa
oaeoueo aeoeaia ca i?aaeoanoaothuea 4 eaa?oaea (oaaeeoea 2.1)

Oaaeeoea 2.1

Ia?eiaeu iai?ioa ii aeaeai aeoeaia (aeie)

Aeaeu Eaa?oaeu

aeoeaia 1 2 3 4

Caianu iaoa?eaeia 62,6 46,6 55,8 58,4

Aaainu iinoaaueeai 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,5

Iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 5,8 4,8 5,3 5,8

Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 28,9 32,4 57,3 49,8

Aunoaaeaiiua n/aoa 42,1 33,5 34,3 51,3

I?i/ea oaeouea aeoeau 6,1 6,2 5,6 5,8

Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu 2.1 au/eneyai cia/aiey n?aaeieo
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoae ii iaiaoiaeeiui aeaeai oaeoueo aeoeaia:

ICIn? = (62,6 + 46,6 + 55,8 + 58,4) / 4 = 55,9 aeiae;

IIIn? = (5,8 + 4,8 + 5,3 + 5,8) / 4 = 5,4 aeiae;

IAIn? = (28,9 + 32,4 + 57,3 + 49,8) / 4 = 42,1 aeiy.

Oaeei ia?acii:

AeYi = 55,9 + 5,4 + 42,1 = 103,4 aeiy.

I?e inouanoaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe a ?aieao OOe, oi anoue i?e oneiaee
niaeaniaaiey iinoaaee caiania e ioa?ocee i?iaeoeoeee iiaeii o/eouaaoue
oieueei aeeeoaeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna
(i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?ioa iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa).

Eoiaiaui aeieoiaioii aoi?iai yoaia yaeyaony eaeaiaea?iue ieai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe, i?eia?iue aeae eioi?iai i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en. 2.2.

Noaaeey 1 O?ainii?o Noaaeey 2 O?ainii?o ………. O?ainii?o Noaaeey N

Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue
Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue

?en. 2.2. I?eia?iue aeae eaeaiaea?iiai ieaia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe

O?aoee yoai — i?iaeoe?iaaiea noaiu oeiainiauo iioieia

I?iaeoe?iaaiea noaiu oeiainiauo iioieia caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee
iai?aaeaiee e iauaiia ieaoaaeae, inouanoaeyaiuo i?e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa
[8, 76, 162].

Caaea/a o?aoueaai yoaia — iieo/eoue a?aoee inouanoaeaiey ieaoaaeae.

Oaeie a?aoee no?ieony ia iniiaa i?aaiecaoeeiiiie noaiu e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ieaia. Eoiaiaui aeieoiaioii yaeyaony ieai
inouanoaeaiey ieaoaaeae (oaaeeoea oeiainiauo iioieia) (?en. 2.3).

Noaaeey 1 O?ainii?o Noaaeey 2 O?ainii?o ………. O?ainii?o Noaaeey N

Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue
Noieiinoue

?en. 2.3. No?oeoo?a noaiu oeiainiauo iioieia

Iioie ?aaeueiuo aeaiaa eniieuecoaony i?e ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe.
Oi?ioee?othony e?eoa?ee ?aaeecoaiinoe e eiiia?/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe
i?iaeoa.

I?aaiecaoeeiiiue ieai

Eoiaii o?ao yoaiia i?iaeoe?iaaiey noaiiaeony aeieoiaio, aeeth/athuee a
naay ?acoeueoaou i?iaeoe?iaaiey, — i?aaiecaoeeiiiue ieai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee [71, 78]. I?eia?iue aeae
i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ieaia i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en. 2.4.

Noaaeey 1 O?ainii?o Noaaeey 2 O?ainii?o ………. O?ainii?o Noaaeey N

O/anoiee (e)

O/anoiee (e)

O/anoiee (e)

Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue
Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue Aeeeoaeueiinoue

Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue Noieiinoue
Noieiinoue

?en. 2.4. I?eia?iue aeae i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ieaia

I?aaiecaoeeiiiue ieai iicaieyao ?oeiaiaenoao a i?ioeanna
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee i?iaiaeeoue
eiio?ieueii-?oeiaiaeyuea ia?ii?eyoey.

I?iaeoe?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe

Ia iniiaaiee i?iaeoiuo aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo a ?acoeueoaoa ia?auo o?ao
yoaiia i?iaeoe?iaaiey i?iaiaeeony iineaaeiee yoai — i?iaeoe?iaaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe [81, 84, 85].

Yooaeoeaiinoue i?iaeoa oa?aeoa?ecoaony nenoaiie iieacaoaeae,
io?aaeathueo niioiioaiea cao?ao e ?acoeueoaoia i?eiaieoaeueii e
eioa?anai aai o/anoieeia [155, 156].

?acee/athony neaaeothuea iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
i?iaeoa:

iieacaoaee eiiia?/aneie (oeiainiaie) yooaeoeaiinoe, o/eouaathuea
oeiainiaua iineaaenoaey ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa aeey aai iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo
o/anoieeia;

iieacaoaee athaeaeaoiie yooaeoeaiinoe. io?aaeathuea oeiainiaua
iineaaenoaey inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa aeey oaaea?aeueiiai, ?aaeiiaeueiiai
eee ianoiiai athaeaeaoa;

iieacaoaee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe, o/eouaathuea cao?aou e
?acoeueoaou, naycaiiua n ?aaeecaoeeae i?iaeoa, auoiaeyuea ca i?aaeaeu
i?yiuo oeiainiauo eioa?ania o/anoieeia eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa e
aeiioneathuea noieiinoiia ecia?aiea. Aeey e?oiiiianooaaiuo (nouanoaaiii
cao?aaeaathueo eioa?anu ai?iaea, ?aaeiia eee anae ?innee) i?iaeoia
?aeiiaiaeoaony iaycaoaeueii ioeaieaaoue yeiiiie/aneoth yooaeoeaiinoue.

Ioeaiea i?aaenoiyueo cao?ao e ?acoeueoaoia i?e ii?aaeaeaiee
yooaeoeaiinoe eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa inouanoaeyaony a i?aaeaeao
?an/aoiiai ia?eiaea, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue eioi?iai eae i?aaeei
ia?aie/aia n?ieii ieoiaaiinoe.

Cao?aou, inouanoaeyaiua o/anoieeaie, iiae?acaeaeythony ia
ia?aiia/aeueiua (eaieoaeiia?acothuea eiaanoeoeee), oaeouea e
eeeaeaeaoeeiiiua, eioi?ua inouanoaeythony niioaaonoaaiii ia noaaeeyo
no?ieoaeueiie, ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e eeeaeaeaoeeiiiie.

Aeey noieiinoiie ioeaiee ?acoeueoaoia e cao?ao iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
aaceniua, ie?iaua, i?iaiiciua e ?an/aoiua oeaiu.

Iiae aaceniuie iiieiathony oeaiu, neiaeeaoeany a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa ia
ii?aaeaeaiiue iiiaio a?aiaie ta. Aaceniay oeaia ia ethaoth i?iaeoeoeeth
eee ?ano?nu n/eoaaony iaeciaiiie a oa/aiea anaai ?an/aoiiai ia?eiaea.
Eae i?aaeei, ?an/ao a aaceniuo oeaiao iicaieyao n aunieie noaiaiueth
oi/iinoe ii?aaeaeyoue iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee i?iaeoa a ethaie iiiaio
a?aiaie.

Ii i?iaeoai, ?ac?aaaouaaaiui ii caeaco i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey, cia/aiey eiaeaenia eciaiaiey oeai ia ioaeaeueiua aeaeu
i?iaeoeoeee e ?ano?nia neaaeoao onoaiaaeeaaoue a caaeaiee ia
i?iaeoe?iaaiea a niioaaonoaee n i?iaiicaie Ieiyeiiiieee ?O.

?an/aoiua oeaiu eniieuecothony aeey au/eneaiey eioaa?aeueiuo iieacaoaeae
yooaeoeaiinoe, anee oaeouea cia/aiey cao?ao e ?acoeueoaoia au?aaeathony
a i?iaiiciuo oeaiao. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau iaania/eoue n?aaieiinoue
?acoeueoaoia, iieo/aiiuo i?e ?acee/iuo o?iaiyo eioeyoeee.

?an/aoiua oeaiu iieo/athony iooai aaaaeaiey aeaoee?othuaai iiiaeeoaey,
niioaaonoaothuaai eiaeaeno iauae eioeyoeee.

Aaceniua, i?iaiiciua i ?an/aoiua oeaiu iiaoo au?aaeaoueny a ?oaeyo eee
onoie/eaie aaethoa (aeieea?u NOA, YETH e o. i.).

I?e ?ac?aaioea e n?aaieoaeueiie ioeaiea ianeieueeeo aa?eaioia
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa, iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue aeeyiea eciaiaiey
iauaiia i?iaeaae ia ?uii/ioth oeaio i?iaeoeoeee e oeai iio?aaeyaiuo
?ano?nia.

I?e ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa niecia?aiea
?aciia?aiaiiuo iieacaoaeae inouanoaeyaony iooai i?eaaaeaiey
(aeeneiioe?iaaiey) eo e oeaiiinoe a ia/aeueiii ia?eiaea. Aeey
i?eaaaeaiey ?aciia?aiaiiuo cao?ao, ?acoeueoaoia, yooaeoia eniieuecoaony
ii?ia aeeneiioa (A), ?aaiay i?eaieaiie aeey eiaanoi?a ii?ia aeioiaea ia
eaieoae.

Oaoie/anee i?eaaaeaiea e aaceniiio iiiaioo a?aiaie cao?ao, ?acoeueoaoia
e yooaeoia, eiathueo ianoi ia t-ii oaaa ?an/aoa ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa,
oaeiaii i?iecaiaeeoue iooai eo oiiiaeaiey ia eiyooeoeeaio
aeeneiioe?iaaiey at, ii?aaeaeyaiue aeey iinoiyiiie ii?iu aeeneiioa A
[83] eae:

,

aaea

t – iiia? oaaa ?an/aoa (t = 0, 1, 2, … O),

O – ai?eciio ?an/aoa.

N?aaiaiea ?acee/iuo eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia (eee aa?eaioia i?iaeoa) e
auai? eo/oaai ec ieo ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?iecaiaeeoue n eniieueciaaieai
?acee/iuo iieacaoaeae, e eioi?ui ioiinyony [91, 102, 104]:

/enoue aeeneiioe?iaaiiue aeioiae (*AeAe) eee eioaa?aeueiue yooaeo;

eiaeaen aeioiaeiinoe (EAe);

aioo?aiiyy ii?ia aeioiaeiinoe (AIAe);

n?ie ieoiaaiinoe;

ae?oaea iieacaoaee, io?aaeathuea eioa?anu o/anoieeia eee niaoeeoeeo
i?iaeoa.

I?e eniieueciaaiee iieacaoaeae aeey n?aaiaiey ?acee/iuo eiaanoeoeeiiiuo
i?iaeoia (aa?eaioia i?iaeoa) iie aeieaeiu auoue i?eaaaeaiu n
niiinoaaeiiio aeaeo.

*enoue aeeneiioe?iaaiiue aeioiae (*AeAe) ii?aaeaeyaony eae noiia oaeoueo
yooaeoia ca aanue ?an/aoiue ia?eiae, i?eaaaeaiiay e ia/aeueiiio oaao,
eee eae i?aauoaiea eioaa?aeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia iaae eioaa?aeueiuie
cao?aoaie.

Anee a oa/aiea ?an/aoiiai ia?eiaea ia i?ienoiaeeo eioeyoeeiiiiai
eciaiaiey oeai eee ?an/ao i?iecaiaeeony a iinoiyiiuo oeaiao, oi aaee/eia
*AeAe aeey iinoiyiiie ii?iu aeeneiioa au/eneyaony ii oi?ioea:

, (2.1)

aaea

Rt – ?acoeueoaou, aeinoeaaaiua ia t-ii oaaa ?an/aoa,

Ct – cao?aou, inouanoaeyaiua ia oii aea oaaa,

O – ai?eciio ?an/aoa (?aaiue iiia?o oaaa ?an/aoa, ia eioi?ii
i?iecaiaeeony eeeaeaeaoeey iauaeoa).

Yt = (Rt – Ct) – yooaeo, aeinoeaaaiue ia t-ii oaaa.

Anee *AeAe eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa iieiaeeoaeai, i?iaeo yaeyaony
yooaeoeaiui (i?e aeaiiie ii?ia aeeneiioa) e iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny
aii?in i aai i?eiyoee. *ai aieueoa *AeAe, oai yooaeoeaiaa i?iaeo. Anee
eiaanoeoeeiiiue i?iaeo aoaeao inouanoaeai i?e io?eoeaoaeueiii *AeAe,
eiaanoi? iiianao oauoee, o.a. i?iaeo iayooaeoeaai.

Eiaeaen aeioiaeiinoe (EAe) i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ioiioaiea noiiu
i?eaaaeaiiuo yooaeoia e aaee/eia eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee [100, 107, 143]

. (2.2)

Eiaeaen aeioiaeiinoe oanii naycai n *AeAe. Ii no?ieony ec oao aea
yeaiaioia e aai cia/aiea naycaii ni cia/aieai *AeAe: anee *AeAe
iieiaeeoaeai, oi EAe > 1 e iaiai?io. Anee EAe > 1, i?iaeo yooaeoeaai,
anee EAe Oaaeeoea 2.6 Aeaiiua ii i?aaei?eyoeyi I?aaei?eyoey Iaeiaiiaaiea 1 2 3 4 *enoay i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoey i, iei. ?oa. 25 30 10 34 Aaeiaua aeoeau i?aaei?eyoey i, iei. ?oa. 80 90 50 70 I?iaaaeai iaiaoiaeeiua au/eneaiey e caiieiei oaaeeoeo 2.7: Y1 = 25 / 80 = 0,31; Y2 = 30 / 90 = 0,33; Y3 = 10 / 50 = 0,20; Y4 = 34 / 70 = 0,49; YOe = (25+30+10+34) / (80+90+50+70) = 0,34; YN? = (0,31/2 + 0,33 + 0,20 + 0,49/2) / 3 = 0,31; IA = YOe / YN? = 0,34 / 0,31 = 1,096. Oaaeeoea 2.7 Ii?aaeaeaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey Yooaeoeaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey i 0,31 0,33 0,20 0,49 Yoia 0,34 Yn? 0,31 IA 1,096 Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu 2.7 iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi ooieoeeiie?iaaiea i?aaei?eyoee a ea/anoaa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee aieaa yooaeoeaii, /ai eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiea eae naiinoiyoaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Ecia?aiea yooaeoeaiinoe anae oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu i?iecaiaeeony ii oi?ioea: , aaea YOIA – yooaeoeaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu; IOIA = (S *Ii) + *IOI?; *Ii – /enoay i?eaueue i-oie oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee; *IOI? – /enoay i?eaueue, iieo/aiiay oi?aaeythuae eiiiaieae OIA i?e ?aciauaiee naiaiaeiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa; AAOIA – aaeiaua aeoeau oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu: AAi – aaeiaua aeoeau i-oie OOe; Ci – aeaaeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue i-oiio i?aaei?eyoeth - o/anoieeo OOe io neaaeothuaai ca iei a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea (niioaaonoaaiii n-iiio i?aaei?eyoeth aeieaeai iio?aaeoaeue eiia/iie i?iaeoeoeee OOe, eioi?ue ia yaeyaony /eaiii OIA); n – eiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee a i-oie OOe; k – eiee/anoai OOe, aeaenoaothueo a ?aieao OIA; COI? – cao?aou ia niaea?aeaiea oi?aaeai/aneiai aiia?aoa OIA. Oaeei ia?acii, ia ia?aii yoaia eiio?iey auyniyaony ianeieueei yooaeoeaii aeaenoaotho oaoiieiae/aneea oeaii/ee eae no?oeoo?iua iiae?acaeaeaiey OIA, a oaeaea any a?oiia a oeaeii. Ia neaaeothuai yoaia i?iaiaeeony eco/aiea yooaeoeaiinoae OOe a aeeiaieea. Aoi?ie yoai eiio?iey: aiaeec aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia eciaiaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey Aeiionoei, /oi a oiaea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna o ?oeiaiaenoaa OOe eee oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu aicieeatho aeaa i/aiue aaaeiuo aii?ina: 1. Iiae aeeyieai eaeeo oaeoi?ia i?iecioei eciaiaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey? 2. Eciaiaiea eaeeo oaeoi?ia ieacaei iaeaieueoaa aeeyiea ia ioeeiiaiea oaeoe/aneeo iieacaoaeae io caieaie?iaaiiuo ia yoaia ioeaiee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea? Ioaaou ia yoe aii?inu iaiaoiaeeii iieo/eoue ia yoaia eiio?iey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna aeey naiaa?aiaiiiai auyaeaiey e ono?aiaiey i?e/ei aucaaaoeo eciaiaiea [167]. Aeey ioaaoa ia iinoaaeaiiua aii?inu i?iaiaeeony ia?aue yoai aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe, eioi?ue naiaeeony e auyaeaieth ?iee oaeoi?ia – oaeoi?iue aiaeec iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey. Ia?aue oaa aiaeeca – i?aia?aciaaiea oi?ioeu iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey a ioeueoeieeeaoeaioth iiaeaeue [22, 30, 79, 89, 96, 118] aeaea , aaea Y — ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey (iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee); X — aaeoi? oaeoi?ia, io eioi?uo caaeneo ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey. Aeey i?iaaaeaiey i?aia?aciaaiey ainiieuecoainy oi?ioeaie (1.3) e (2.7). Iiaenoaaea i?aaoth /anoue oi?ioeu (1.3) a oi?ioeo (2.7), iieo/ei: *IOe 1 1 IA = –––––––––– = *IOe * ––––– * ––––– . (2.8) AAOe * YN? AAOe YN? *oiau ecaaaeoueny io aaeeieoe ecia?aiey, a oi?ioeo (2.8) a ciaiaiaoaeue i?e *IOe e a /eneeoaeue i?e AAOe aianoi aaeeieoe aaaaeai ii?ie?othuee iiiaeeoaeue (ii). Ioeueoeieeeaoeaiay iiaeaeue IA aoaeao eiaoue aeae: *IOe ii 1 IA = –––––– * –––––– * ––––– , ii AAOe YN? aaea IA – ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey; *IOe –––––– – oaeoi? 1; ii ii –––––– – oaeoi? 2; AAOe 1 –––– – oaeoi? 3. YN? I?eiaiea e ioeueoeieeeaoeaiie iiaeaee IA iaoiae oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie [43, 50, 56, 90, 112, 117, 119, 124], iiaeii ioaaoeoue ia iinoaaeaiiua aii?inu. Aeey ioaaoa ia ia?aue aii?in iaiaoiaeeii ainiieueciaaoueny aeai?eoiii A, nooue eioi?iai ninoieo a neaaeothuai: 1. Ii?aaeaeythony enoiaeiua cia/aiey oaeoi?ia a ia/aeueiue (X0) e eiia/iue (X1) ia?eiaeu enneaaeiaaiey. 2. Ii?aaeaeyaony i?e?auaiea (Dxi) eaaeaeiai oaeoi?a ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae a?aiaie Dxi = xi1 — xi0 , i = 1, ... , n (n – eiee/anoai oaeoi?ia), aaea oi0 – aaee/eia i-ai oaeoi?a a ia/aeueiii ia?eiaea; oi1 – aaee/eia i-ai oaeoi?a a eiia/iii ia?eiaea. 3. Au/eneyaony aeeyiea i?e?auaiey eaaeaeiai oaeoi?a ia i?e?auaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae a?aiaie , (n – eiee/anoai oaeoi?ia), i?e yoii DYxi . 4. Ii iieo/aiiiio cia/aieth DYxi ii?aaeaeyaony, eciaiaiea eaeiai oaeoi?a ieacaei iaeneiaeueiia aeeyiea ia eciaiaiea cia/aiey iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoey. 5. Anee ia?eiae enneaaeiaaiey ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo i?iiaaeooeia a?aiaie, oi ioeaieoue aeeyiea eciaiaiey oaeoi?ia ia eciaiaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey iiaeii ia eaaeaeii i?iiaaeooea. A yoii neo/aa eiia/iia cia/aiea oaeoi?a ia i?aaeuaeouai eioa?aaea yaeyaony ia/aeueiui cia/aieai aeey iineaaeothuaai. Aeey ioaaoa ia ia?aue aii?in iaiaoiaeeii ainiieueciaaoueny aeai?eoiii A: 1. Ii?aaeaeythony enoiaeiua ieaiiaua cia/aiey oaeoi?ia (X0) e oaeoe/aneea cia/aiey (X1) a ii?aaeaeaiiii ia?eiaea enneaaeiaaiey. 2. Ii?aaeaeyaony ioeeiiaiea oaeoe/aneiai cia/aiey io ieaiiaiai (Dxi) eaaeaeiai oaeoi?a a enneaaeoaiii ia?eiaea a?aiaie Dxi = xi1 — xi0 , i = 1, ... , n (n – eiee/anoai oaeoi?ia), aaea oi0 – ieaiiaia cia/aiea i-ai oaeoi?a a enneaaeoaiii ia?eiaea; oi1 – oaeoe/aneia cia/aiea i-ai oaeoi?a a enneaaeoaiii ia?eiaea. 3. Au/eneyaony aeeyiea ioeeiiaiey eaaeaeiai oaeoi?a ia eoiaiaia ioeeiiaiea oaeoe/aneiai cia/aiey iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey io ieaiiaiai cia/aiey , (n – eiee/anoai oaeoi?ia), i?e yoii DYxi . 4. Ii iieo/aiiiio cia/aieth DYxi ii?aaeaeyaony, ioeeiiaiea eaeiai oaeoi?a ieacaei iaeneiaeueiia aeeyiea ia ioeeiiaiea oaeoe/aneiai cia/aiey IA io ieaiiaiai cia/aiey. 5. Anee ia?eiae enneaaeiaaiey ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo i?iiaaeooeia a?aiaie, oi ioeaieoue aeeyiea ioeeiiaiey oaeoe/aneeo cia/aiee oaeoi?ia io ieaiiauo cia/aiee ia ioeeiiaiea oaeoe/aneiai cia/aiey IA io ieaiiaiai iiaeii ia eaaeaeii i?iiaaeooea. A yoii neo/aa aeey eaaeaeiai i?iiaaeooea a?aiaie iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue ieaiiaua e oaeoe/aneea cia/aiey niioaaonoaothueo oaeoi?ia. Eiay enoiaeiua aeaiiua iaiaoiaeeii aeaenoaiaaoue ii aeai?eoio A. I?eia? 2.5. Ionoue eiathony ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey Y e oaeoi?u x1, x2, x3, caiieiei oaaeeoeo 2.8: Oaaeeoea 2.8 Ia/aeueiue ia?eiae Eiia/iue ia?eiae ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey Y0 Y1 Oaeoi? 1 x10 x11 Oaeoi? 2 x20 x21 Oaeoi? 3 x30 x31 Oiaaea aeeyiea eciaiaiey ia?aiai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae ooieoeee DYo1 = (o11 - o10) * o21 * o31 ; aeeyiea eciaiaiey aoi?iai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuaai iieacaoaey DYo2 = o10 * (o21 - o20) * o31 ; aeeyiea eciaiaiey o?aoueaai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuaai iieacaoaey: DYo3 = o10 * o20 * (o31 - o30). I?iaa?eoue i?aaeeueiinoue ?an/aoia iiaeii n iiiiuueth neaaeothuae oi?ioeu: DY = Y1 - Y0 = DYo1 + DYo2 + DYo3 . I?eiaiea iaoiae oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie, iiaeii auyaeoue eciaiaiea eaeiai ec oaeoi?ia a iaeaieueoae noaiaie iiaeeyei ia nieaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. I?eia? 2.6. Caiieiei oaaeeoeo 2.9: Oaaeeoea 2.9 Cia/aiey enoiaeiuo iieacaoaeae Iaeiaiiaaiea Ia/aeueiue ia?eiae Eiia/iue ia?eiae Oaeoi? 1 – *IOe / 1 o.a. 161 000 000 173 000 000 Aaeiaua aeoeau oeaii/ee AAOe 7 500 000 000 8 320 000 000 Oaeoi? 2 – 1 o.a. / AAOe 1,33E-10 1,20E-10 N?aaeiyy yooaeoeaiinoue Yn? 0,0241 0,0212 Oaeoi? 3 – 1 / YN? 41,51 47,06 ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey IA 0,8911 0,9786 I?eiaiea iaoiae oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie, ?ann/eoaai aeeyiey eciaiaiey ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia ia eciaiaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey e caiieiei oaaeeoeo 2.10: aeeyiea eciaiaiey oaeoi?a 1 – (173 000 000 - 161 000 000) * 1,20A-10 * 47,06 = 0,0679; aeeyiea eciaiaiey oaeoi?a 2 – 161 000 000 * (1,20A-10 - 1,33A-10) * 47,06 = -0,0996; aeeyiea eciaiaiey oaeoi?a 3 – 161 000 000 * 1,33A-10 * (47,06 - 41,51) = 0,1191; noiia aeeyiee – 0,0679 + (-0,0996) + 0,1191 = 0,0874; eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae ooieoeee – 0,9786 - 0,8911 = 0,0874. Oaaeeoea 2.10 Aeeythuee oaeoi? Aeeyiea Oaeoi? 1 – *IOe / 1 o.a. 0,0679 Oaeoi? 2 – 1 o. a. / AAOe -0,0996 Oaeoi? 3 – 1 / YN? 0,1191 Noiia aeeyiee 0,0874 Eciaiaiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey 0,0874 Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu 2.10 iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi ia oaaee/aiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey iiaeeyei a aieueoae noaiaie oiaiueoaiea n?aaeiaai cia/aiey yooaeoeaiinoe, a oaeaea oaaee/aiea niaieoiiie /enoie i?eauee, io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ieacaei oaaee/aiea niaieoiiuo aaeiauo aeoeaia oeaii/ee e, eae neaaenoaea, oiaiueoaiea oaeoi?a 2. Oaeei ia?acii ia?aue e aoi?ie yoaiu i?eiaiyaony aeey aiaeeca aeayoaeueiinoe OOe a oeaeii e auyaeaiey i?e/ei eciaiaiey iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey. Aeaeaa neaaeoao o?aoee yoai – auyaeaiea oceiai ianoa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. O?aoee yoai eiio?iey: auyaeaiea oceiai ianoa a oeaii/ea Ai a?aiy ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue nieaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe aa ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Nieaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe iiaeao auoue aucaaii eae aeayoaeueiinoueth iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia oeaii/ee, oae e aiaoieie ii ioiioaieth e OOe aicaeaenoaeyie [39, 136]. Auyaeoue i?e/eio nieaeaiey eioaa?aeueiie yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee iiaeii ia aoi?ii yoaia aiaeeca. Ii iiieii eioaa?aeueiie yooaeoeaiinoe iaiaoiaeeii auyaeyoue oceea ianoa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Oceia ianoi [125] oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee aicieeaao ii aeaoi i?e/eiai: 1. Eiie?aoiia i?aaei?eyoea - o/anoiee iieo/eei eeai ianiiinoaaeii aunieea eeai ianiiinoaaeii ieceea aeioiaeu e oaeei ia?acii nieceei eioaa?aeueioth yooaeoeaiinoue OOe. 2. Eiie?aoiia i?aaei?eyoea - o/anoiee i?aaenoaaeei iaaa?iua aeaiiua, a ?acoeueoaoa i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee auee ii?aaeaeaiu iaaa?iua eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u, eae neaaenoaea iiyaeeanue ianoueiaea ii iauaiai i?iaeoeoeee (iieooaa?eeaoa a ?aieao OOe). Aeey i?iaa?ee i?aaiia?iinoe yoeo i?aaeiieiaeaiee iaiaoiaeeii i?eiaieoue neaaeothuee aeai?eoi. 1. I?iaanoe i?ioeaaeo?o auyaeaiey oceiai ianoa OOe. 2. Anee oceia ianoi ia auyaeaii, aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi nieaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe i?iecioei iiae aicaeaenoaeai i?e/ei, ia caaenyueo io aeaenoaee naiie OOe. Aeey iienaiey i?ioeaaeo?u auyaeaiey oceiai ianoa OOe iaiaoiaeeii aaanoe ianeieueei iiiyoee e ii?aaeaeaiee. Iiae oceei ianoii oeaii/ee aoaeai a aeaeueiaeoai iiieiaoue i?aaei?eyoea eee ianeieueei i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo iiieaeaao yooaeoeaiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee [103, 113, 116, 138]. Aeey i?iaa?ee aeinoiaa?iinoe ia?aiai i?aaeiieiaeaiey aaaaeai oae iacuaaaiue iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoee n iii?aaeie ia i?aaei?eyoea j, oi?ioea eioi?iai auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei ia?acii [42, 95, 101]: , aaea IAj – iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia i?aaei?eyoea j; YjOe – yooaeoeaiinoue oeaii/ee n iii?aaeie ia i?aaei?eyoea j: *IjOe YjOe = ––––– , AAjOe aaea *Ii ) - *Ij; AAi ) - AAj; YjN? – n?aaeiyy yooaeoeaiinoue i?aaei?eyoee oeaii/ee n iii?aaeie ia i?aaei?eyoea j, au/eneaiiay ii neaaeothuei oi?ioeai: aeey j = 1: ; aeey j = 2, 3, ..., n-1: ; aeey j = n: ; Yeiiiie/aneee niune IAj neaaeothuee: Aeiionoei, /oi a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea iaeii ec i?aaei?eyoee (i?aaei?eyoea j) caiaiaii aaeeie/iui, eioi?ia i?e ?an/aoao anao eioaa?aeueiuo iieacaoaeae ia ieacuaaao aeeyiey ia iauee iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey, oi anoue aeaiiua ii yoiio i?aaei?eyoeth a oi?ioeu ia aoiaeyo. Aeaeaa neaaeoao eiae/iia i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi, anee eioaa?aeueiua iieacaoaee, ?ann/eoaiiua aac o/aoa j-ai i?aaei?eyoey auoa, /ai ?ann/eoaiiua n o/aoii aeaiiuo yoiai i?aaei?eyoey, oi j-ia i?aaei?eyoea naiae aeayoaeueiinoueth nieaeaao eioaa?aeueiua iieacaoaee [44, 114, 137, 141]. Oaeei ia?acii ?ann/eoaiiua aeey anao i?aaei?eyoee IAj aeatho iai aiciiaeiinoue ioeaieoue eaeia ec i?aaei?eyoee naiae aeayoaeueiinoueth nieaeaao eioaa?aeueiue IA a aieueoae noaiaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, yoi i?aaei?eyoea e yaeyaony oceei ianoii oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. I?ioeaaeo?a auyaeaiey oceiai ianoa neaaeothuay: 1. Anai i?aaei?eyoeyi oeaii/ee i?enaaeaaaony ii?yaeeiaue iiia? a niioaaonoaee n ii?aaeaeaieai OOe; 2. Aeey eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey au/eneyaony iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia yoi i?aaei?eyoea; 3. Iieacaoaee acaeiiaeaenoaey, au/eneaiiua a i. 2 n?aaieaathony iaaeaeo niaie; 4. Ec anao iieacaoaeae acaeiiaeaenoaey auae?aaony iaeaieueoee e oeene?oaony iiia? i?aaei?eyoey, iii?aaea ia eioi?ue i?iecaaaeaia i?e au/eneaiee aeaiiiai iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey; 5. I?aaei?eyoea, noiyuaa iiae caoeene?iaaiiui iiia?ii yaeyaony oceei ianoii oeaii/ee. I?eia? 2.7. Ionoue eiathony 5 i?aaei?eyoee, ii eioi?ui ia ia/aeueiue e eiia/iue ia?eiaeu eiaaony neaaeothuay eioi?iaoeey (oaaeeoeu 2.11, 2.12): Oaaeeoea 2.11 Ia/aeueiue ia?eiae I?aaei?eyoey 1 2 3 4 5 *Ii, iei. ?oa. 40 35 20 25 41 AAi, iei. ?oa. 1 500 1 200 1 800 2 000 1 000 Yi 0,0267 0,0292 0,0111 0,0125 0,0410 Oaaeeoea 2.12 Eiia/iue ia?eiae I?aaei?eyoey 1 2 3 4 5 *Ii, iei. ?oa. 35 38 28 32 40 AAi, iei. ?oa. 1 600 1 450 2 000 1 670 1 600 Yi 0,0219 0,0262 0,0140 0,0192 0,0250 Au/eneei aeey eaaeaeiai ia?eiaea iieacaoaee acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea j, caoai caoeene?oai cia/aiey j e ii?aaeaeei oceea ianoa aeey eaaeaeiai ia?eiaea. Aeey yoiai caiieiei oaaeeoeu 2.13 e 2.14: Oaaeeoea 2.13 Ia/aeueiue ia?eiae I?aaei?eyoey 1 2 3 4 5 IA n iii?aaeie 0,8602 0,8764 0,9050 0,9163 0,9295 Auyaeaiea oceiai ianoa Oceia ianoi Oaaeeoea 2.14 Eiia/iue ia?eiae I?aaei?eyoey 1 2 3 4 5 IA n iii?aaeie 0,9736 0,9821 0,9949 0,9739 0,9744 Auyaeaiea oceiai ianoa Oceia ianoi Cia/aiey oaaeeoe aeey iaaeyaeiinoe i?ieeethno?e?iaaiu ?enoieaie (2.6), (2.7), ia eioi?uo ?acoeueoaou au/eneaiee i?aaenoaaeaiu a aeaea aenoia?aii. ?en. 2.6. Cia/aiey iieacaoaeae acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie a ia/aeueiii ia?eiaea ?en. 2.7. Cia/aiey iieacaoaeae acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie a eiia/iii ia?eiaea A i?eia?a auyaeaiu oceea ianoa: a ia/aeueiii ia?eiaea – i?aaei?eyoea 5; a eiia/iii ia?eiaea – i?aaei?eyoea 3. Aeey i?iaa?ee i?aaiia?iinoe aoi?ie i?e/eiu iaiaoiaeeii i?iaa?eoue oae iacuaaaioth oaeoe/aneoth nii?yaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Aeey ioeaiee niioaaonoaey i?iioneiie niiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoee - o/anoieeia ni naieie niaaeieeaie a ?aieao OOe ?ann/eouaaaony eiyooeoeeaio nii?yaeaiiinoe iiuiinoae (Enii) [131, 132, 133, 135]: , aaea Ii – iiuiinoue i-oiai i?aaei?eyoey ii i?iecaiaenoao iieooaa?eeaoa aeey i?aaei?eyoey (i+1) a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee; Ii+1 – iiuiinoue (i+1)-aiai i?aaei?eyoey ii ia?a?aaioea iieooaa?eeaoa, iieo/aiiiai io i?aaei?eyoey i a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee; i+1) – oaeaeueiue ?anoiae i?iaeoeoeee i-oiai i?aaei?eyoey aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee (i+1)-aiai i?aaei?eyoey a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee; i = 1, ..., n-1; n – eiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee a OOe. Anee Enii 1.

Eiyooeoeeaio i?iiaaeooi/iie eeeaeaeiinoe — yoi niiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey
auiieiyoue e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa ca n/ao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa,
e?aoein?i/iuo oeiainiauo aeiaeaiee, aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe (n/aoa
e iieo/aieth) (AeC) e aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee ia neeaaea (AioI?)

,

aaea

Eie — eiyooeoeeaio i?iiaaeooi/iie eeeaeaeiinoe;

AeN — aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa;

EOA — e?aoein?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey;

AeC — aeaaeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue;

AioI? — aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey.

?aeiiaiaeoaiia cia/aiea: 0.9 – 1.0.

Eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie (iaiiaaiiie) eeeaeaeiinoe — yoi niiniaiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey auiieiyoue e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa ca n/ao naiaiaeiuo
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa (AeN) e e?aoein?i/iuo oeiainiauo aeiaeaiee (EOA).
?aeiiaiaeoaiia cia/aiea: 0.2 – 0.3.

,

aaea

Eae — eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe;

AeN — aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa;

EOA — e?aoein?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey.

Aiaeec oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe

Aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe eniieuecothony neaaeothuea
iieacaoaee:

Eiyooeoeeaio iauae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, ii?aaeaeythuee aeieth
nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea a eiouanoaa oe?iu

,

aaea

Eii — eiyooeoeeaio iauae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe;

NE — nianoaaiiue eaieoae;

AA — aaethoa aaeaina.

I?aaei?eyoea n/eoaaony oeiainiaionoie/eaui, anee Eii> 0.5.

Eiyooeoeeaio aaoiiiiee, niecia?ythuee nianoaaiiue e caaiiue eaieoae

,

aaea

Eaa — eiyooeoeeaio aaoiiiiee;

CE — caaiiue eaieoae.

Aeaiiue iieacaoaeue iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycai n eiyooeoeeaioii iauae
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aai aaee/eia aeey
oeiainiaionoie/eaiai i?aaei?eyoey aeieaeia auoue aieueoa aaeeieoeu.

Eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea
aeiaeaia a iaeaieaa iaiaa?aiioth (iiaeeueioth) /anoue aeoeaia

*IE

Ei = ——— ,

NE

aaea

Ei — eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe;

*IE — /enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae.

Aeiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo aeoeaia iieacuaaao
eaeay /anoue oaeoueo aeoeaia ia?aciaaia ca n/ao nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea

,

aaea

Enoa — aeiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo aeoeaia;

IA — iinoiyiiua aeoeau;

AeI — aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa;

Oa — oauoee.

Eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe aeieain?i/iuo eiaanoeoeee, ii?aaeaeyao eaeay
aeiey eiaanoe?iaaiiiai eaieoaea eiiiaeeeciaaia a iinoiyiiua aeoeau

,

aaea

Eiaee — eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe aeieain?i/iuo eiaanoeoeee;

EE — eiaanoe?iaaiiue eaieoae.

Eiyooeoeeaio eiiiaeeecaoeee oa?aeoa?ecoao niioiioaiea iinoiyiiuo e
oaeoueo aeoeaia, io?aaeaao, eae i?aaeei, io?aneaaoth niaoeeoeeo oe?iu

aaea

Eeiia — eiyooeoeeaio eiiiaeeecaoeee.

Eiyooeoeeaio naiioeiaine?iaaiey iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue /enoie i?eauee
(*I) i?aaei?eyoey iai?aaeaia ia aai ?acaeoea, o.a. ia oaaee/aiea
aeiiieieoaeueiiai eaieoaea i?aaei?eyoey (DAeE)

DAeE

Eoei = ——— ,

*I

aaea

Eoei — eiyooeoeeaio naiioeiainia?iaaiey

AeE — aeiaaai/iue eaieoae;

*I — /enoay i?eaueue.

Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe

Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe iiae?iaii iienai a i. 2.2.3 yoie ?aaiou.

Aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe

Aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue ioaea/o ia eaaeaeue
aeiaeaiiue ?oaeue ii aeaeai aeoeaia.

Iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue (?aioaaaeueiinoue anaai eaieoaea) [140, 146]
iieacuaaao, neieueei /enoie i?eauee (/enoue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo)
i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaeue anaai aeiaeaiiiai a i?aaei?eyoea eaieoaea

*I

?i = ——,

AA

aaea

?i — iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue;

*I — /enoay i?eaueue;

AA — aaethoa aaeaina.

Oaeei ia?acii, iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue iieacuaaao yooaeoeaiinoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey enneaaeoaiiai i?aaei?eyoey.

?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea [151] oa?aeoa?ecoao
yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea e iieacuaaao,
neieueei /enoie i?eauee i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaeue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea

*I

?ne = —— ,

NE

aaea

?ne — ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea;

NE — nianoaaiiue eaieoae ( cia/aiea aa?aony ec no?iee 480 O1).

?aioaaaeueiinoue onoaaiiai eaieoaea oa?aeoa?ecoao yooaeoeaiinoue
eniieueciaaiey onoaaiiai eaieoaea e iieacuaaao, neieueei /enoie i?eauee
i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaeue onoaaiiai eaieoaea

*I

?oe = —— ,

OE

aaea

?oe — ?aioaaaeueiinoue onoaaiiai eaieoaea;

OE — onoaaiue eaieoae.

?aioaaaeueiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia [161] oa?aeoa?ecoao yooaeoeaiinoue
eniieueciaaiey iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia e iieacuaaao, neieueei /enoie i?eauee
i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaeue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia

*I

?ia = —— ,

IA

aaea

?ia — ?aioaaaeueiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia;

IA— iinoiyiiua aeoeau.

?aioaaaeueiinoue oaeoueo aeoeaia [165] oa?aeoa?ecoao yooaeoeaiinoue
eniieueciaaiey oaeoueo aeoeaia e iieacuaaao, neieueei /enoie i?eauee
i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaeue oaeoueo aeoeaia

*I

?oa = —— ,

OA

aaea

?oa — ?aioaaaeueiinoue oaeoueo aeoeaia;

OA — oaeouea aeoeau.

No?iea “Aeiey e?aaeeoia a caaiiuo n?aaenoaao” au/eneyaony eae /anoiia io
aeaeaiey noiiu no?ie “Aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa” e “E?aoein?i/iua
e?aaeeou” ia no?ieo “Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa” aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina.

Oeiainiaui ?u/aaii [164] iacuaaaony niioiioaiea caaiiiai e nianoaaiiiai
eaieoaeia, ?ann/eouaaaiia ii oi?ioea

,

aaea

O? — oeiainiaue ?u/aa;

CE — caaiiue eaieoae.

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec i?aaei?eyoey

Ioeaiea aeeyiey eciaiaiey auoaiacaaiiuo oaeoi?ia ia ?acoeueoe?othuoth
ooieoeeth i?iecaiaeeony n iiiiuueth i?eaia oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie,
ioiinyuaainy e iaoiaeai “yeeieie?iaaiey”. Niaeanii yoiio i?eaio
iaeaieueoaa aeeyiea ieacuaaao iieacaoaeue, eiathuee iaeneiaeueioth
aaniethoioth aaee/eio eiyooeoeeaioa aeeyiey.

Oi?ioea aeey au/eneaiey eaeiai-eeai iieacaoaey i?eaiaeeony e aeaeo

,

aaea

Y — ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey,

oi — oaeoi?u.

Aeeyiea eciaiaiey k – ai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae ooieoeee

.

A /anoiinoe, aeey o?ao oaeoi?ia eiaai neaaeothuaa:

aeeyiea eciaiaiey ia?aiai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae ooieoeee

DYo1 = ( o11 – o10 ) * o21 * o31 ;

aeeyiea eciaiaiey aoi?iai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae ooieoeee

DYo2 = o10 * ( o21 – o20 ) * o31 ;

aeeyiea eciaiaiey o?aoueaai oaeoi?a ia eciaiaiea ?acoeueoe?othuae
ooieoeee

DYo3 = o10 * o20 * ( o31 – o30 ).

I?iaa?eoue i?aaeeueiinoue ?an/aoia iiaeii n iiiiuueth neaaeothuae
oi?ioeu

Y1 – Y0 = DY = DYo1 + DYo2 + DYo3 .

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia

Yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou oe?iu ii yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth
niioaaonoaoao ?aioaaaeueiinoe anao aeoeaia oe?iu. Iineieueeo noiia anao
aeoeaia oe?iu ?aaia aaethoa aaeaina, oi oi?ioeo ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia
iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue a aeaea oi?ioeu iauae ?aioaaaeueiinoe

*I

?a = ——,

AA

aaea

?a — ?aioaaaeueiinoue aeoeaia oe?iu;

*I — /enoay i?eaueue oe?iu ca aiaeece?oaiue ia?eiae;

AA — aaethoa aaeaina.

?ann/eoaa ?aioaaaeueiinoue aeoeaia oe?iu ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae, iiaeii
auynieoue eaeoth ioaea/o iieo/eea oe?ia ia eaaeaeue aeiaeaiiue ?oaeue.
Aaaaeai ii?aaeaeaiey:

iieacaoaeue — enoiaeiue yeaiaio oi?ioeu;

oaeoi? — ?ann/eouaaaiue yeaiaio oi?ioeu [154].

Aeey oaeoaeaiey aiaeeca ?aioaaaeueiinoe e auyaeaiey noaiaie aeeyiey
?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia ia eoiaiaoth ?aioaaaeueiinoue ninoaaei
ioeueoeieeeaoeaioth iiaeaeue ?aioaaaeueiinoe.

A iiaeaeue aeieaeiu ei??aeoii aieoe ?acee/iua oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia
eoiaiaue iieacaoaeue ?aioaaaeueiinoe. Ioeueoeieeeaoeaioth iiaeaeue
?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia i?aaenoaaei a neaaeothuai aeaea [127, 139]

*I *I A? OA NE

?a = —— = —— * —— * —— * —— ,

AA A? OA NE AA

aaea

A? — au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee ( aac iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth
noieiinoue);

OA — oaeouea aeoeau oe?iu;

NE — nianoaaiiue eaieoae oe?iu;

AA = AA — anaai aeoeaia eee aaethoa aaeaina;

oaeoi?u:

II = *I / A? — i?eaueueiinoue i?iaeaae (iieacuaaao neieueei ?oaeae
/enoie i?eauee iieo/aii n eaaeaeiai ?oaey ?aaeecaoeee);

Ia = A? / OA — iai?a/eaaaiinoue aeoeaia (iieacuaaao eiee/anoai iai?ioia
anaai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea ca aiaeece?oaiue ia?eiae);

Ei = OA / NE — eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe a iaeiie ec naieo
iiaeeoeeaoeee (iieacuaaao aeieth nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea a oeiaine?iaaiee
iai?ioiiai eaieoaea);

Eii = NE / AA — eiyooeoeeaio iauae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe (iieacuaaao
aeieth nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea a eiouanoaa oe?iu).

Auai? eiaiii yoeo oaeoi?ia iaoneiaeai aeaoiy i?e/eiaie:

ai-ia?auo, aeeyiea aeaiiuo oaeoi?ia ia ?aioaaaeueiinoue aeoeaia oe?iu
yeiiiie/anee i/aaeaeii;

ai-aoi?uo, iieo/eoue cia/aiey iieacaoaeae iiaeii iaiin?aaenoaaiii ii
aeaiiui aiaoiae oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe.

Iaicia/ei: II — o1;

Ia — o2;

Ei — o3;

Eii — o4;

oiaaea

Y = o1 * o2 * o3 * o4 .

Iaiiiai aeaeieciaiea oi?ioeo [145, 147], iu niiaeai auynieoue noaiaiue
aeeyiey eciaiaiey ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia ia eciaiaiea ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia

*I *I ?? CI?I
OA

?a = —— = —— * ———–– * ———–– * —— ,

AA ?? CI?I OA
AA

aaea

iieacaoaee:

?? — ?acoeueoao io ?aaeecaoeee;

CI?I — cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee;

OA — oaeouea aeoeau oe?iu;

AA — anaai aeoeaia eee aaethoa aaeaina;

oaeoi?u:

Eei = *I / ?? — eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey i?eauee (iieacuaaao eaeay
/anoue aeioiaea io ?aaeecaoeee iiaeao auoue iouaia ia auieaoo
aeeaeaeaiaeia e ia iiiieiaiea oiiaeia iaeiieaiey);

??i = ?? / CI?I — ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee (iieacuaaao
noiio aeioiaea ia eaaeaeue ?oaeue, aeiaeaiiue a i?iecaiaenoai
?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee);

Ii = CI?I / OA — eiee/anoai iai?ioia oaeoueo aeoeaia a i?ioeanna
i?iecaiaenoaa ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee;

Na = OA / AA — no?oeoo?a aeoeaia oe?iu (iieacuaaao eaeath /anoue aeoeaia
oe?iu ninoaaeytho iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa).

Iaicia/ei: Eei — o1;

??i — o2;

Ii — o3;

Na — o4;

oiaaea

Y = o1 * o2 * o3 * o4 .

Iiieii aiaeeca ?aioaaaeueiinoe anao aeiaeaiee oe?iu iiaeii i?iaanoe
aiaeec ioaea/e ia eaaeaeue ?oaeue nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa eee aiaeec
?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea.

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea i?iaiaeeony ia
iniiaa oae iacuaaaiie Dupont-oi?ioeu, onoaiaaeeaathuae acaeiinaycue
iaaeaeo ?aioaaaeueiinoueth nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea e o?aiy iniiaiuie
oeiainiauie iieacaoaeyie i?aaei?eyoey: i?eaueueiinoueth i?iaeaae,
iai?a/eaaaiinoueth anao aeoeaia e oeiainiaui ?u/aaii a iaeiie ec aai
iiaeeoeeaoeee [157]

*I     A?      AA

?ne = —— * —— * —— ,

A?    AA      NE

aaea

iieacaoaee:

*I — /enoay i?eaueue;

A? — au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee aac IAeN;

AA — anaai aeoeaia;

NE — nianoaaiiue eaieoae;

oaeoi?u:

II = *I / A? — i?eaueueiinoue i?iaeaae;

Ia = A? / AA — iai?a/eaaaiinoue anao aeoeaia;

O? = AA / NE — eiyooeoeeaio eaieoaeecaoeee, iieacuaathuee no?oeoo?o
enoi/ieeia (ianneaia).

Iaicia/ei: II — o1;

Ia — o2;

O? — o3;

oiaaea

Y = o1 * o2 * o3 .

Aiaeec aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa

Aa?iyoiinoue aaie?ionoaa i?aaei?eyoey — yoi iaeia ec ioeaii/iuo
oa?aeoa?enoee oaeouaai ninoiyiey e ianoaiiaee ia enneaaeoaiii
i?aaei?eyoee. I?iaiaey aiaeec aa?iyoiinoe aaeaiany/ii, ?oeiaiaenoai
i?aaei?eyoey eee oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee iiaeao iinoiyiii
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aa?iyoiinoue ia ieceii o?iaia. Iineieueeo aa?iyoiinoue
caaeneo io ?yaea iieacaoaeae, oi aeey iieiaeeoaeueiiai ?acoeueoaoa
iaiaoiaeeii neaaeeoue ia ca eaeei-oi iaeiei, a ca ianeieueeeie iniiaiuie
iieacaoaeyie iaeiia?aiaiii.

Iieacaoaeue aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa iieo/ee iacaaiea iieacaoaey
Aeueoiaia ii eiaie naiaai nicaeaoaey.

Nooue iaoiaea caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai:

ninoaaeyaony aaeaeeoeaiay iiaeaeue aeaea:

,

aaea

Y — ?acoeueoe?othuay ooieoeey;

X — aaeoi? oaeoi?ia.

Cia/aiea ia?aiao?a Y ii?aaeaeyaony n iiiiuueth o?aaiaiey, ia?aiaiiua
eioi?iai io?aaeatho iaeioi?ua eeth/aaua oa?aeoa?enoeee aiaeece?oaiie
oe?iu — aa eeeaeaeiinoue, nei?inoue iai?ioa eaieoaea e o. ae. Anee aeey
aeaiiie oe?iu eiyooeoeeaio i?aauoaao ii?aaeaeaiioth ii?iaiaoth aaee/eio,
oi oe?ia ca/eneyaony a ?ac?yae iaaeaaeiuo, anee aea iieo/aiiue
eiyooeoeeaio ieaea e?eoe/aneie aaee/eiu, oi oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea oaeiai
i?aaei?eyoey aiooaao iianaiey e auaeaaaoue e?aaeeo ae ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony.

A oi?ioea Aeueoiaia eniieuecothony iyoue ia?aiaiiuo:

o1 = OA / AA — ioiioaiea iai?ioiiai eaieoaea e noiia aeoeaia oe?iu;

o2 = AeE / AA — ioiioaiea ia?ani?aaeaeaiiiai aeioiaea e noiia aeoeaia;

o3 = Iinae / AA — ioiioaiea iia?aoeeiiiuo aeioiaeia (aei au/aoa
i?ioeaioia e iaeiaia) e noiia aeoeaia;

o4 = OE / AA — ioiioaiea ?uii/iie noieiinoe aeoeee oe?iu e iauae noiia
aeoeaia;

o5 = A? / AA — ioiioaiea noiiu i?iaeaae e noiia aeoeaia.

A iiaeaee Aeueoiaia i?eiaiyaony iaoiae iiiaeanoaaiiiai aeene?eieiaioiiai
aiaeeca. Eeanneoeeaoeeiiiia “i?aaeei”, iieo/aiiia ia iniiaa o?aaiaiey,
aeaneei:

anee cia/aiea Y iaiueoa 1,767, oi oe?io neaaeoao ioianoe e a?oiia
iioaioeeaeueiuo aaie?ioia;

anee cia/aiea Y aieueoa 1,767, oe?ia a aeeaeaeoae ia?niaeoeaa
aaie?ionoai ia oa?iaeaao.

Aeey ioeaiee oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe iiaeii iieueciaaoueny neaaeothuae
oi?ioeie, aaeaioe?iaaiiie e ?inneeneie oa?ieiieiaee [158, 164]:

.

Noaiaiue aeecinoe i?aaei?eyoey e aaie?ionoao ii?aaeaeyaony ii oeaea,
i?aaenoaaeaiiie ia ?en. 2.8.

Cia/aiea Y Aa?iyoiinoue aaie?ionoaa

iaiaa 1.8 i/aiue aunieay

io 1.81 aei 2.7 aunieay

io 2.71 aei 2.99 n?aaeiyy

io 3.0 ieceay

?en. 2.8. Oeaea aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa

I?eieiay ai aieiaiea, /oi oi?ioea ?an/aoa Y a i?aaenoaaeaiiii caeanue
aeaea ioee/aaony io i?eaeiaea (a /anoiinoe, aianoi onoaaiiai eaieoaea
(OE) a i?eaeiaeueiii aa?eaioa eniieuecoaony ?uii/iay noieiinoue aeoeee —
iaii?aaeaeyaiue nae/an aeey aieueoeinoaa iieacaoaeue) ?aeiiaiaeoaony
nieceoue aa?oithth a?aieoeo “i/aiue aunieie” noaiaie aa?iyoiinoe
aaie?ionoaa aei 1.

I?e ?ao?iniaeoeaiii aiaeeca i?aaei?eyoey neaaeoao ia?auaoue aieiaiea ia
noieueei ia oeaeo aa?iyoiinoae aaie?ionoaa, neieueei ia aeeiaieeo yoiai
iieacaoaey.

Iieacaoaeue aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa yaeyaony eiiieaeniui iieacaoaeai,
aeeth/athuei a naay oeaeoth a?oiio iieacaoaeae, oa?aeoa?ecothueo ?aciua
noi?iiu aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey: no?oeoo?o aeoeaia e ianneaia,
?aioaaaeueiinoue e iai?a/eaaaiinoue.

Ia yoii yoai eiio?iey caeai/eaaaony. Iinea iaai ianooiaao naiue aeaaiue
yoai a oeeeea — oi?ie?iaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey.

2.3. Iainiiaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ii aeaiiui noaoenoe/aneiai
aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee

Oi?ie?iaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey yaeyaony caaa?oathuei yoaiii
oeeeea ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey. I?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey oi?aaeythuaai
aicaeaenoaey naiaeeony e neaaeothuae iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aeaenoaee:

ioeaiea enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee;

oi?ie?iaaiea nienea aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee;

iainiiaaiea e?eoa?ey auai?a aeueoa?iaoeau;

auai? aeueoa?iaoeau;

aiaeec iineaaenoaee eiie?aoiiai oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey;

i?eiyoea ?aoaiey ia oi?aaeythuaa aicaeaenoaea;

aeiaaaeaiea ?aoaiey aei ieciauo caaiueaa;

eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai ?aoaiey.

Oaeei ia?acii, aeaiiue yoai oeeeea yaeyaony i?iiaaeooi/iui iaaeaeo
aeaoiy oeeeeaie, iineieueeo auai? oie eee eiie aeueoa?iaoeau nii?yaeai n
iiaui ieaie?iaaieai, i?aaiecaoeeae, iioeaaoeeae, e eiio?ieai.

A neooaoeee n OOe o iaiaaeaea?a nouanoaoao i?eia?ii neaaeothuee nienie
aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee a oeaeyo ei??aeoe?iaee ieaia
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa:

ia o?iaia no?oeoo?iiai ieaia — caiaia i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa ae?oaei
i?aaei?eyoeai, ia eioi?ia aoaeoo aiceiaeaiu ooieoeee caiaiyaiiai;

ia o?iaia eaeaiaea?iiai ieaia — ia?aniio? i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe eaaeaeiai
yoaia (nie?auaiea eee oaaee/aiea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe);

ia o?iaia oeiainiaiai ieaia — ia?aniio? oeiainiauo iioieia
(ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia i?iii?oeeiiaeueii cao?aoai).

Iainiiaaiea e?eoa?ey auai?a aeueoa?iaoeau ia i?iaiaeeony: iniiaiie
e?eoa?ee — iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe a oeaeii.

Aiaeec iineaaenoaee i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i?iaiaeeony ioeaii/iui iaoiaeii:
n?aaieaathony yooaeoeaiinoe OOe a ?acoeueoaoa i?eiyoey eaaeaeie ec
aeueoa?iaoea, auae?aaony oa aeueoa?iaoeaa, eioi?ay aeaao iaeaieueoee
auea?uo i?e iaeiaiueoeo cao?aoao.

AEAAA 3. oaeoi?iue aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe EI?II?AOEAIIAI OI?AAEAIEss IA
I?EIA?A OIA «NEAAssINEAss AOIAAA»

3.1. Iienaiea neooaoeee

A aeaiiie aeaaa ?anniao?eaaaony ?aaeueiay i?ia?aiia, ?aaeeciaaiiay a OIA
“Neaayineay aoiaaa”, ii i?iecaiaenoao 50 iei. oooe oeieueiuo oao?aaeae.

Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa oao?aaeae iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue oaoiieiae/aneoth
oeaii/eo, eioi?ay iaania/eo aeoaieoth ia?a?aaioeo nu?uey, iaiaoiaeeiue
iauai i?iecaiaenoaa e ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee. Iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue, /oi
aeey i?iecaiaenoaa 50 iei. oooe oao?aaeae iaiaoiaeeii i?iecaanoe:

9000 i3 eana;

ec eana — 2000 oiii oeaeetheicu;

ec oeaeetheicu — 2040 oiii aoiaae.

Oaeei ia?acii, oaoiieiae/aneee oeeee ii i?iecaiaenoao oao?aaeae
aeeth/aao neaaeothuea iia?aoeee:

aaeea e ieeaiea eana;

ecaioiaeaiea oeaeetheicu;

ecaioiaeaiea ien/ae e iaeiaea/iie aoiaae;

ecaioiaeaiea oao?aaeae;

?aaeecaoeey oao?aaeae.

Iaaeaeo ia?a/eneaiiuie iia?aoeeyie iiaeao auoue o?ainii?oe?iaea, anee
i?aaei?eyoey iaoiaeyony ia aieueoii oaeaeaiee ae?oa io ae?oaa.

Oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey ia ia?aii yoaia i?iaiaeeo i?aaiecaoeeiiiua
ia?ii?eyoey: iiaeae?aao o/anoieeia OOe, aiaeece?oao eo i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
aiciiaeiinoe, caeeth/aao aeiaiai?a.

3.2. I?iaeoe?iaaiea e i?aaiecaoeey oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea

Auai? o/anoieeia OOe e i?aaiecaoeey oeeeea

Ia ia?aii yoaia i?aaeeaaaaony eniieueciaaoue i?aaei?eyoea
O/?aaeaeaiey 32/1 (AOEI IAAe), iineieueeo yoi aeaao ianeieueei
i?aeiouanoa:

ieceay naaanoieiinoue;

oaeiaiia ianoi?aniieiaeaiea;

aeanoeay nenoaia eiio?iey;

iaeaaeaiiay nenoaia iinoaaie.

I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue eieiiee ninoaaeyao 27 000 i3 eana a ianyoe.

Ia aoi?ii yoaia oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue iaeii ec i?aaei?eyoee:
eeai Eioeanneee OeAE, eeai A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE. Iaa i?aaei?eyoey
iaoiaeyony a A?oaiaaeueneie iaeanoe, iiyoiio auai? iaeiiai ec ieo
inouanoaeyaony ii e?eoa?eyi ioai?a i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia (aeaaa 2).

I?iaiaeece?oai aa?aae?iaaiiua aaeainu e io/aou i i?eaueyo e oauoeao
i?aaei?eyoee aeey ii?aaeaeaiey no?oeoo?u aeoeaia, no?oeoo?u
caaeieaeaiiinoe e n?aaeiae iai?a/eaaaiinoe aeoeaia.

Aaeainu e io/aou i?eaaaeaiu a oaaeeoeao 3.1-3.4.

I?iaaaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec io/aoiinoe aeaoo i?aaei?eyoee.

Aiaeec aiaoiae io/aoiinoe:

a oaaeeoeao 3.1 – 3.4 i?aaenoaaeaiu aa?aae?iaaiiua aaeainu e io/aou i
i?eaueyo e oauoeao, au/eneei cia/aiea *IE (oaaeeoea 3.5):

Oaaeeoea 3.5

Cia/aiey /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea

Eioeanneee OeAE A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE

1.10.94 1.01.95 1.10.94 1.01.95

20357079 79106232 -1911598 1325733

Oaaeeoea 3.1

Aaeain AIIO «Eioeanneee OeAE»

Iaeiaiiaaiea noaoae 1.10.94 1.01.95

AEOEA

Iinoiyiiua aeoeau

iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 28717 61158

iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 179181205 186431465

iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 35075753 40591639

aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 10031052 18821055

i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 13967345 10525007

== Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 238284072 256430324

Oaeouea aeoeau:

iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 622062 699366

aaainu iinoaaueeai 20991150 82951449

i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 29965918 40635807

aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 10181559 11724237

oiaa?u 842470 311854

n/aoa e iieo/aieth 49290872 20409616

aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 18355434 19786641

i?i/ea 1512630 6081530

== Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 131762095 182600500

OAUOEE

EOIAI AEOEAIA 370046167 439030824

IANNEA

Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa:

onoaaiue eaieoae 197267300 205044774

iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 61363351 130481282

== Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 258630651 335526056

Caaiiua n?aaenoaa:

aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 10500 10500

e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa

e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 17132099 3750341

n/aoa e iieaoa 34847253 19470095

aaainu 26095386 28015973

?an/aou ii iaeiaai 6799184 16512548

?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 2637059 3116867

i?i/ea 23894035 32628444

= Eoiai e?aoein?i/iuo iaycaoaeuenoa 111405016 103494268

== Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 111415516 103504768

EOIAI IANNEAIA 370046167 439030824

*enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 20357079 79106232

Oaaeeoea 3.2

Aaeain AIIO «A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE»

Iaeiaiiaaiea noaoae 1.10.94 1.01.95

AEOEA

Iinoiyiiua aeoeau

iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 298 1043

iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 31629378 32015437

iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 10398888 10602859

aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 36927 40927

i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 244638 198123

== Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 42310129 42858389

Oaeouea aeoeau:

iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 100120 298750

aaainu iinoaaueeai

i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 841326 2502835

aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 522445 1125402

oiaa?u 21589 17397

n/aoa e iieo/aieth 979531 3023716

aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 51425 85170

i?i/ea 286993 150616

== Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 2803429 7203886

OAUOEE

EOIAI AEOEAIA 45113558 50062275

IANNEA

Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa:

onoaaiue eaieoae 39783838 43706306

iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 423693 346816

== Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 40207531 44053122

Caaiiua n?aaenoaa:

aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 191000 131000

e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa

e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 390000 620000

n/aoa e iieaoa 959680 861662

aaainu 348574 1532789

?an/aou ii iaeiaai 227234 944235

?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 228369 621121

i?i/ea 2561170 1298346

= Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 4715027 5878153

== Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 4906027 6009153

EOIAI IANNEAIA 45113558 50062275

*enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae -1911598 1325733

Oaaeeoea 3.3

Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AIIO «Eioeanneee OeAE»

Iaeiaiiaaiea noaoae 1.10.94 1.01.95

Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 114691868 192215480

Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 102060144 178299921

Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 45401799 76632800

?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 237936 3266206

Aaeiaay i?eaueue 56420409 98400915

Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 28302420 47973379

I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 28117989 50427536

Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee -20077 2491256

Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 -90

Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 259515 6860533

I?i/ea aeioiaeu -1990801 1349449

Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 26366626 61128684

Iaeiae ec i?eauee 13483562 11885419

*enoay i?eaueue 12883064 49243265

Oaaeeoea 3.4

Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AIIO «A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE»

IAEIAIIAAIEA NOAOAE 1.10.94 1.01.95

Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 4763744 13729154

Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 3998726 11220575

Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 1918829 5246840

?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 128766 641376

Aaeiaay i?eaueue 1951131 5332359

Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 1279219 3497894

I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 671912 1834465

Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 37570 4348

Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 0

Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 70595

I?i/ea aeioiaeu 36540 -32424

Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 746022 1876984

Iaeiae ec i?eauee 298011 805185

*enoay i?eaueue 448011 1071799

Ii cia/aieth *IE iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi Eioeanneee OeAE
iaeaaeaao naiaiaeiuie n?aaenoaaie aeey aiciiaeiiai aeiaeaiey a
oaoiieiae/aneoth oeaii/eo.

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec iieacuaaao, /oi cia/aiea *IE au?inei o
Eioeanneiai OeAE i?eia?ii a 4 ?aca, a o A?oaiaaeueneiai OeAE ec
io?eoeaoaeueiiai noaei iieiaeeoaeueiui.

Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe:

?oeiaiaenoao OOe aaaeii ciaoue aeeeoaeueiinoue ia?a?aaioee e
ecaioiaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aeeeoaeueiinoe
ainiieuecoainy aeaiiuie aa?aae?iaaiiuo aaeainia e io/aoia i i?eaueyo e
oauoeao.

AIIO «Eioeanneee OeAE»

1.10.94 1.01.95

Iai?io iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, aeie 1,0 0,5

AIIO «A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE

1.10.94 1.01.95

Iai?io iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, aeie 4,2 4,8

Ia aeaiiii yoaia iiaeii au/eneeoue eiyooeoeeaio oaoiieiae/aneie
oeaiiinoe:

o AIIO «Eioeanneee OeAE» ia 1.01.95:

;

o AIIO «A?oaiaaeueneee OeAE» ia 1.01.95:

.

Ii aeaiiui aiaeeca auae?aai Eioeanneee OeAE. Iiuiinoe OeAE iicaieytho
au?aaaouaaoue 61 000 oiii oeaeetheicu a ianyoe.

Neaaeothuee oaa — iiene i?aaei?eyoey, i?iecaiaeyuaai ien/oth e
iaeiaea/ioth aoiaao. Nouanoaoao ianeieueei aa?eaioia: AIIO
«Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii» e AIIO «Ei?theianeay oaa?eea oaoie/aneeo aoiaa».

Aeaa yoeo i?aaei?eyoey eiatho i?eaeeceoaeueii ?aaioth
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, iicaieythuoth ia?a?aaioaoue oeaeetheico,
iinoaaeyaioth n Eioeanneiai OeAE, iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii i?eiaieoue
e?eoa?ee ioai?a i?aaei?eyoey-o/anoieea.

Ii?yaeie auai?a i?aaei?eyoey aiaeiae/ai auai?o i?aaei?eyoey ia
i?aaeuaeouai yoaia.

I?iaiaeece?iaaa io/aoiinoue aeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, auae?aai AIIO
«Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii», i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue eioi?iai 7500 o aoiaae a
ianyoe.

*aoaa?oui oaaii ioai?a i?aaei?eyoee yaeyaony ioai? iaiin?aaenoaaiii
i?iecaiaeeoaeae oao?aaeae. Yoio oaa iaeaa/aaony oai, /oi o AIIO
«Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii» nouanoaotho aeaaiea iaeaaeaiiua nayce n ?yaeii
i?iecaiaeeoaeae oao?aaeae. Oaeeo i?iecaiaeeoaeae ianeieueei:

AI «Aoiecaeaeey»;

AI «Naaoi/»;

AI «Ooeaaoii?ii»;

AI «Iaye».

Iiuiinoe i?eaeaeaaiuo aeey inouanoaeaiey i?ia?aiiu i?aaei?eyoee
neaaeothuea (ec ?an/aoa 1 ianyoe ?aaiou):

AI “Aoiecaeaeey” — aei 25 iei. oo. oao?aaeae i?e 2-o niaiiie ?aaioa;

AI “Naaoi/” — aei 36 iei. oo.;

AI “Ooeaaoii?ii” — aei 45 iei. oo.;

AI “Iaye” — aei 32 iei. oo.;

Oaeei ia?acii, noiia?iua iiuiinoe yoeo i?aaei?eyoee iicaieytho
ia?a?aaaouaaoue anth aoiaao, i?iecaiaeeioth AIIO «Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii» a
?aieao OOe, iiyoiio ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?eaea/ue ana yoe i?aaei?eyoey a
ea/anoaa o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee.

?aaeeciauaaoue i?iaeoeoeeth aoaeao OII «Iiaeeeiee», eiathuaa
?acaaoaeaiioth oi?aiaoth naoue a aieaa /ai noa ai?iaeao ?innee.

I?iaeoe?iaaiea oeeeea

Eiay a ea/anoaa o/anoieeia eiie?aoiua i?aaei?eyoey, iiaeii ia?aoiaeeoue
ei aoi?iio yoaio — i?iaeoe?iaaieth.

I?iaeoe?iaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noaiu

Aeey iieo/aiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noaiu iaiaoiaeeii ?aniieiaeeoue
i?aaei?eyoey-o/anoieee OOe a ii?yaeea i?ioiaeaeaiey i?iaeoeoa (?en.
3.1).

?en. 3.1. I?iecaiaenoaaiiay noaia ecaioiaeaiey oao?aaeae

Ninoaaea i?iecaiaenoaaiioth noaio iiaeii ia?aoiaeeoue ei aoi?iio oaao —
eaeaiaea?iiio ieaio i?iaeoa.

Eaeaiaea?iue ieai i?iaeoa

Ia iniiaa aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo a ?acoeueoaoa i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai ioai?a
i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia ninoaaeyaony eaeaiaea?iue ieai ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoa.

Eaeaiaea?iue ieai ii?aaeaeyao i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue i?ioiaeaeaiey
i?iaeoeoa ia eaaeaeii yoaia aai ia?a?aaioee e iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue anaai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea.

Eae aeaeii ii ?en. 3.1 oaoiieiae/aneee oeeee ?acaeaaaony ia 9 yoaiia:

aaeea e ieeaiea eana;

o?ainii?oe?iaea ieeiiaoa?eaeia;

ia?a?aaioea ieeiiaoa?eaeia a oeaeetheico;

o?ainii?oe?iaea oeaeetheicu;

i?iecaiaenoai aoiaae;

o?ainii?oe?iaea aoiaae;

i?iecaiaenoai oao?aaeae;

o?ainii?oe?iaea oao?aaeae;

?aaeecaoeey oao?aaeae.

Eaaeaeue ec yoaiia eiaao nianoaaiioth i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay
ii?aaeaeyaony ii i?aaeuaeouaio iiuoo ?aaiou:

ean o?ainii?o oeaeetheica o?ainii?o aoiaaa o?ainii?o oao?aaee o?ainii?o
?aaeecaoeey

1 yoai 2 yoai 3 yoai 4 yoai 5 yoai 6 yoai 7 yoai 8 yoai 9 yoai

10 aei. 2 aei. 1 aeaiue 2 aei. 8 aei. 2 aei. 11 aei. 1 aei. 15 aei.

Oaeei ia?acii, iauay aeeeoaeueiinoue OOe = 52 aeiae.

Ieai oeiainiauo iioieia

Ia iniiaa eaeaiaea?iiai ieaia ninoaaeyaony ieai oeiainiauo iioieia,
iooie niioaaonoaoao iieaoa naaanoieiinoe e oiaa?ia, a i?eoie — iieo/aiea
n?aaenoa io iieoiaoaeae. Ieaea i?eaaaeai ?an/ao naaanoieiinoe iaeiie
oao?aaee a ?oaeyo ca oooeo:

ean o?ainii?o oeaeetheica o?ainii?o aoiaaa o?ainii?o oao?aaee o?ainii?o
?aaeecaoeey

1 yoai 2 yoai 3 yoai 4 yoai 5 yoai 6 yoai 7 yoai 8 yoai 9 yoai

21 5,7 71 5,7 125 5,7 51 2,85 8

Oaeei ia?acii, naaanoieiinoue iaeiie oao?aaee ninoaaeyao i?eaeeceoaeueii
296 ?oaeae, aeeth/ay o?ainii?oiua e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu.

Oaia?ue iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue ieaoaaee ii i?iaeoo a oeaeii:

1 yoai = 1 050 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

2 yoai = 4 yoai = 6 yoai = 285 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

3 yoai = 3 550 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

5 yoai = 6 250 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

7 yoai = 2 550 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

8 yoai = 142,5 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

9 yoai = 400 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

Niaieoiiay noieiinoue i?iaeoa: 14 797,5 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

Enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey iiaeao auoue e?aaeeoiay eeiey — i?ioeaioiay
noaaea 100% aiaeiauo. Ii yoei aeaiiui iiaeao auoue ?ann/eoaia
ieieiaeueiay oeaia oao?aaee.

,

aaea Pmax — iaeneiaeueiay oeaia oao?aaeae (aac i?iiaaeooi/iiai iiaaoaiey
aeieaa).

N o/aoii oiai, /oi naaiaeiy iioiaay oeaia ia oao?aaee ninoaaeyao 380
?oaeae (aac IAeN), oeaia aeinoeaiooay a ?aieao OOe yaeyaony
eiieo?aioiniiniaiie.

Oaeei ia?acii, naiue aeanoeee a?aoee ieaoaaeae auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei
ia?acii (ii aeiyi ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa).

1 aeaiue = – 1050 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

10 aeaiue = – 285 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

12 aeaiue = – 3 550 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

13 aeaiue = – 285 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

15 aeaiue = – 6 250 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

23 aeaiue = – 285 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

25 aeaiue = – 2 550 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

36 aeaiue = – 142,5 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

37 aeaiue = – 400 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae;

52 aeaiue = + 17 750 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

52 aeaiue = – 2 137,7 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

A noaia nouanoaoao aeaa enoi/ieea iiieaeaiey noiiu aeieaa:

1. Acyoea e?aaeeoa ia n?aco a ii /anoyi (/oi iicaieeo oiaiueoeoue noiio
aeieaa);

2. Inouanoaeaiea i?iiaaeooi/iuo ioa?ocie ia oeaeuie ia?oeyie, a aaaiiaie
ii ia?a ia?a?aaioee (/oi iicaieeo onei?eoue oa/aiea oeeeea, a
niioaaonoaaiii onei?eoue iinooieaiea aeaiaa ca eiia/ioth i?iaeoeoeeth e
iiaaoaiea i?ioeaioia).

Niaieoiiay noieiinoue i?iaeoa (n o/aoii i?ioeaioia ca e?aaeeo) ninoaaeo
16 934,9 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

Aeioiae ii i?iaeoo: 17 750 – 16 934,9 = 815 * 0,5 (1 – iaeiae) =
407 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

Niaieoiiay noieiinoue i?iaeoa n o/aoii iioeiecaoeee e?aaeeoa ninoaaeo 16
325,5 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.

Aeioiae ii i?iaeoo: 17 750 – 16 325,5 = 1 424 * 0,5 (1 – iaeiae) =
712 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae. *oi ii/oe ia 300 ieeeeiiia auoa /ai
iaiioeiece?iaaiiue aeioiae.

I?iaeoe?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe

Ii aeaiiui, iieo/aiiui a oiaea ninoaaeaiey noai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?ioeanna, iiaeii ia/eiaoue i?iaeoe?iaaoue yooaeoeaiinoue inouanoaeaiey
i?iaeoa.

A ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiuo aeaiiuo iiaoo iiiaaeiaeoueny cia/aiey
neaaeothueo iieacaoaeae:

eioa?aae ?an/aoa — 5 aeiae;

ai?eciio ?an/aoa — 11 eioa?aaeia;

ii?ia aeeneiioa — 0,6% ca eioa?aae;

i?ioeaiou ca e?aaeeo — 100% aiaeiauo;

eiee/anoai oao?aaeae, ?aaeecoaiuo ca yoai — 50 iei. oo.;

noieiinoue oao?aaee — 355 ?oa. / oo.

Oaeei ia?acii, aeey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey yooaeoeaiinoe
eiaaony aeinoaoi/ii aeaiiuo, nienie eioi?uo iiaeao auoue iiiieiai ia
ethaii oaaa i?iaeoe?iaaiey.

I?iaeoe?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ia/eiaaony n ia?aaioee enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo
aeey ?an/aoa iieacaoaeae, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ii?aaeaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe.

Cao?aou ia iaeio oao?aaeue ninoaaeytho 337 ?oa.

Oaeei ia?acii:

*AeAe = 172,5 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae, yoi icia/aao, /oi i?e nouanoaothuae
eioeyoeee (44% a aiae) e noieiinoe eaieoaea.(100% a aiae) i?iaeo
i?eianao aeioiae, ?aaiue *AeAe.

EAe ia ?ann/eouaaaony, iineieueeo iao eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee (aeiaeaiee a
iniiaiua n?aaenoaa).

AIAe = 74% aiaeiauo, yoi icia/aao, /oi i?iaeo aoaeao yooaeoeaiui aeaaea
i?e eioeyoeee 74% a aiae.

Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey eiiia?/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iaeoa iino?iei oaaeeoeo
aeeneiioe?iaaiiuo iioieia ieaoaaeae n o/aoii noaaee aeeneiioe?iaaiey
(oaaeeoea 3.6).

Niaieoiiue /enoue iioie ii oaaeeoea 3.6 niaiaaeaao ni cia/aieai *AeAe.
Oaeei ia?acii, ii caaa?oaiee anao yoaiia ninoaaeaia ooieoeeiiaeueiay
noaia inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa, iieo/aiu eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u eaeaiaea?iiai
e oeiainiaiai ieaia, i?in/eoaia yooaeoeaiinoue inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa.

Oaaeeoea 3.6

Iioiee ii eioa?aaeai ieaie?iaaiey

Eioa?aaeu I?eoie Iooie *enoue iioie

1 0,00 1 050,00 -1 050,00

3 0,00 285,00 -281,61

3 0,00 3 550,00 -3 507,78

3 0,00 285,00 -281,61

4 0,00 6 250,00 -6 138,84

5 0,00 285,00 -278,26

6 0,00 2 550,00 -2 474,86

8 0,00 142,50 -136,66

8 0,00 400,00 -383,60

11 17 750,00 2 137,70 14 705,75

*AeAe

172,54

Iinea oiai eae oeeee ni?iaeoe?iaai ia/eiaaony i?ioeann i?aaiecaoeee
oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. Iiaeienuaathony aeiaiai?a, ii?aaeaeyaony
ii?yaeie acaeii?an/aoia, noaia ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?eauee.

Iinea inouanoaeaiey ia?aiai ieaoaaea ia/eiaaony ooieoeeiie?iaaiea OOe,
eioi?ue ioaeii iinoiyiii eiio?iee?iaaoue, e eioi?ui iaiaoiaeeii
oi?aaeyoue.

3.3. Eiiieaeniue noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe oaoiieiae/aneie
oeaii/ee

Aiaeec eioi?iaoeee i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee OOe

Aeey i?iaaaeaiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai aiaeeca iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue
eioi?iaoeeth i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee, ia?aaioaa eioi?oth iiaeii iieo/eoue
ioaaou ia neaaeothuea aii?inu:

1. Yooaeoeaii ee acaeiiaeaenoaea i?aaei?eyoee a ?aieao OOe;

2. *oi aeeyao ia eioaa?aeueioth yooaeoeaiinoue;

3. Eaeia ec i?aaei?eyoee OOe iiieaeaao yooaeoeaiinoue OOe;

4. Eaeea oaeoi?u ia i?aaei?eyoee aeeytho ia aai ninoiyiea.

Aeey ioaaoa ia ia?aue aii?in ainiieuecoainy iieacaoaeai eioaa?aeueiie
yooaeoeaiinoe e iieacaoaeai acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe.
Enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeeae iineoaeeo oeiainiaay io/aoiinoue
i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe ninoaaeaiiay /a?ac aeaa ianyoea iinea ia/aea
inouanoaeaiey i?iaeoa.

Oeiainiaay io/aoiinoue o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee i?aaenoaaeaia
a i?eeiaeaiee ?3.

Ii aeaiiui oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe i?iaaaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec
acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoee-o/anoieeia OOe.

Iineieueeo ia iaeiii ec yoaiia (i?iecaiaenoai oao?aaeae) aeaenoaoao
/aou?a i?aaei?eyoey, iiyaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue i?iaiaeece?iaaoue ia
oieueei oeeee oeaeeeii, ii e /aou?a oneiaiuo oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ee, a
eaaeaeie ec eioi?uo ia yoaia i?iecaiaenoaa oao?aaeae aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny
oieueei iaeii ec /aou?ao i?aaei?eyoee. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue /aou?a ea?a?oe/anee ?aaiuo OOe.

Oaaeeoea 3.7

OOe “Aoiecaeaeey”

I?aaei?eyoea 32/1 Eioean Eiiae?iai Aoiecaeaeey Iiaeeeiee Eioaa?aeuei.

*enoay i?eaueue 2532810 49243265 1071799 10268899 312755 63429528

Anaai aeoeaia 211330549 439030824 199885146 298443192 7797111 1156486822

N?aaeiaa 0,0383

Eioaa?aeueiia 0,0548

Iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey 1,4303

Oaaeeoea 3.8

OOe “Naaoi/”

I?aaei?eyoea 32/1 Eioean Eiiae?iai Naaoi/ Iiaeeeiee Eioaa?aeuei.

*enoay i?eaueue 2532810 49243265 1071799 21384836 312755 63429528

Anaai aeoeaia 211330549 439030824 199885146 35016165 7797111 1156486822

N?aaeiaa 0,1344

Eioaa?aeueiia 0,0835

Iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey 0,6211

Oaaeeoea 3.9

OOe “Ooeaaoii?ii”

I?aaei?eyoea 32/1 Eioean Eiiae?iai Ooeaoii?ii Iiaeeeiee Eioaa?aeuei.

*enoay i?eaueue 2532810 49243265 1071799 6018229 312755 63429528

Anaai aeoeaia 211330549 439030824 199885146 49725295 7797111 1156486822

N?aaeiaa 0,0528

Eioaa?aeueiia 0,0652

Iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey 1,2351

Oaaeeoea 3.10

OOe “Iaye”

I?aaei?eyoea 32/1 Eioean Eiiae?iai Iaye Iiaeeeiee Eioaa?aeuei.

*enoay i?eaueue 2532810 49243265 1071799 312755 312755 63429528

Anaai aeoeaia 211330549 439030824 199885146 76815892 7797111 1156486822

N?aaeiaa 0,0551

Eioaa?aeueiia 0,0680

Iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey 1,2331

Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoe iino?iei a?aoee (?en. 3.2), ii eioi?iio iiaeii
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue naycue iaaeaeo cia/aieyie yooaeoeaiinoe oeaii/ee e
yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

?en. 3.2. Acaeiinaycue yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e eioaa?aeueiie
yooaeoeaiinoe

Eae aeaeii ec aeaiiiai ?enoiea, iaeiaiueoaa cia/aiea iieacaoaey
acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaethaeaaony o i?aaei?eyoey, eiathuaai naiia aieueoia
cia/aiea nianoaaiiie yooaeoeaiinoe, a iaeaieueoaa — o i?aaei?eyoey,
eiathuaai iaeiaiueoaa cia/aiea nianoaaiiie yooaeoeaiinoe.

Oaeei ia?acii, i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo iiaeii auyaeoue neaaeothuoth
caaeneiinoue: /ai aieueoa nianoaaiiay yooaeoeaiinoue iaeiiai ec
i?aaei?eyoee oeaii/ee, oai iaiueoa cia/aiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey.

Ii aeaiiui aiaeeca aeaeii, /oi iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiui n oi/ee c?aiey
acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoee yaeyaony oeaii/ea “Aoiecaeaeey”.

Neaaeothuei yoaiii aiaeeca yaeyaony auyaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa
OOe.

Auyaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee

Auyaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa OOe iicaieeo ii?aaeaeeoue eaeiio
o/anoeo oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee iaiaoiaeeii oaeaeeoue iiauoaiiia
aieiaiea.

Aeey auyaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa ninoaaei oaaeeoeo,
aeeth/athuoth ana i?aaei?eyoey e ii?aaeaeei aeey eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey
cia/aiea iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia aeaiiia i?aaei?eyoea.

Aeai?eoi auyaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ii aeaiiui iieacaoaeae acaeiiaeaenoaey
i?eaaaeai a aeaaa 2.

Oaaeeoea 3.10

Iieacaoaee acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea

I?aaei?eyoea 32/1 Eioean Eiiae?iai Aoiecaeaeey Naaoi/ Ooeaaoii?ii Iaye
Iiaeeeiee

*enoay i?eaueue 2532810 49243265 1071799 10268899 21384836 6018229
10369127 312755

Anaai aeoeaia 211330549 439030824 199885146 298443192 35016165 49725295
76815892 7797111

Yi 0,0120 0,1122 0,0054 0,0344 0,6107 0,1210 0,1350 0,0401

Iiia? i?aaei?eyoey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Yi n iii?aaeie j 0,0892 0,0591 0,0895 0,0892 0,0622 0,0750 0,0732 0,0770

Yn? j 0,1638 0,1554 0,1732 0,1684 0,0723 0,1539 0,1516 0,1595

IA j 0,5444 0,3803 0,5170 0,5297 0,8600 0,4875 0,4826 0,4827

?en. 3.3. Cia/aiey iieacaoaeae acaeiiaeaenoaey n iii?aaeie ia eiie?aoiia
i?aaei?eyoea

Ii aeaiiui aiaeeca iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, /oi oceei ianoii OOe yaeyaony
AI “Naaoi/”, iineieueeo aai aeayoaeueiinoue iaeaieaa neeueii iiieaeaao
iieacaoaeue acaeiiaeaenoaey.

Ii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui iiaeii neacaoue, /oi yoi i?ienoiaeeo
iioiio, /oi AI “Naaoi/” eiaao i/aiue aunieia ii n?aaiaieth ni anaie
inoaeueiuie cia/aiea /enoie i?eauee.

Iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeece?iaaoue oeiainiaia ninoiyiea aeaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey, /oiau auyaeoue i?e/eiu, aeaaiaea?y eioi?ui i?aaei?eyoeth
oaeaeinue aeinoe/ue oaeiai aunieiai o?iaiy nianoaaiiie yooaeoeaiinoe. Ii
oaea ia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiii yoaia enneaaeiaaiey iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae,
/oi i?enoonoaea aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey a OOe iaoeaeaniia?acii, iineieueeo
yoi iiauoaao eioaa?aeueioth yooaeoeaiinoue i?ioeanna.

Aiaeec i?aaei?eyoey-oceiai ianoa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee

I?aaei?eyoea e aai enoiaeiua aeaiiua

AI “Naaoi/” i?aaeinoaaeei neaaeothuoth io/aoiinoue:

1. aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain;

2. io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao;

Aeaiiua aeieoiaiou noaee enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey AI “Naaoi/”.

Aiaeec aaeaina

Iinea ia?aaioee aaeaina auei iieo/aii aeaa oaaeeoeu:

oaaeeoea “Aiaeec eciaiaiey noaoae aaeaina”;

oaaeeoea “No?oeoo?a aaeaina”.

Oaaeeoeu i?aaenoaaeaiu a i?eeiaeaiee ?4.

Ana oaaeeoeu aiaeece?othony yenia?oiui iaoiaeii. Auyaeythony
caeiiiia?iinoe a aeeiaieea e no?oeoo?a.

Ia ia/aeueiii yoaia ?anniio?ei oaaeeoeo “Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain”. Aiaeec
aoaeai i?iaiaeeoue enoiaey ec noaiu iioeiaeueiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey
?ano?nia, i?aaenoaaeaiiie ia ?en. 3.4.

Aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa

eaieoae

Oaeouea ianneau ( OI )

Oaeouea aeoeau

*enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae ( *IE ) = OA — OI ( ni. ?acaeae II )

*IE > 0 *IE = 0 *IE Oaaeeoea 3.12 Cia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioia eeeaeaeiinoe Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee 1.04.93 1.07.93 Eiyooeoeeaio iauae eeeaeaeiinoe 1,694 1,756 Eiyooeoeeaio n?i/iie eeeaeaeiinoe 1,241 1,076 Eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe 0,520 0,271 Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu: eiyooeoeeaio iauae eeeaeaeiinoe aieueoa ii?iu a 1,5 ?aca; eiyooeoeeaio n?i/iie eeeaeaeiinoe aieueoa ii?iu a 1,3 ?aca; eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe i?eaeeceeny e ii?ia e ieii/aieth aeayoaeueiinoe. A oeaeii ii oaaeeoea iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae ia oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiii ninoiyiee eeeaeaeiinoe AI "Naaoi/" (/oi eeoue iiaeoaa?aeaeaao i?aaeiieiaeaiea, naeaeaiiia ii aeaiiui iieacaoaeae i?eaueueiinoe). Aiaeec oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe Aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe caiieiyaony oaaeeoea 3.13, ii aeaiiui eioi?ie iiaeii noaeeoue ia onoie/eainoe AI "Naaoi/" e eieaaaieyi a i?eaea/aiiuo n?aaenoaao. Oaaeeoea 3.13 Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee 1.04.93 1.07.93 Eiyooeoeeaio iauae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe 0,504 0,448 Eiyooeoeeaio aaoiiiiee 1,015 0,810 Eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe 0,333 0,466 Aeiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo aeoeaia 0,258 0,277 Eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe aeieain?i/iuo eiaanoeoeee 0,676 0,542 Eiyooeoeeaio eiiiaeeecaoeee 0,540 0,328 Eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe caiania nianoaaiiuie enoi/ieeaie oeiaine?iaaiey 1,086 0,767 Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea iaiauaiiua auaiaeu: a eiioea n?iea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey o AI "Naaoi/" iaaethaeaaony iaaeinoaoie nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea; i?iecioei oooaeoaiea oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe ii anai iieacaoaeyi ca eneeth/aieai eiyooeoeeaioa iaiaa?aiiinoe e aeiee nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo aeoeaia. Oaaeeoea 3.14 Iieacaoaee iai?a/eaaaiinoe AI "Naaoi/" (aeie) Iaeiaiiaaiea iiceoeee IAI?A*EAAAIINOUe OAEOUEO AEOEAIA (ii on?aaeiaiiui cia/aieyi) Iai?io caiania iaoa?eaeia 35,3 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 22,6% Iai?io aaainia iinoaaueeai 50,8 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 32,4% Iai?io iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa 1,4 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 0,9% Iai?io aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee 11,5 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 7,4% Iai?io oiaa?ia 0,0 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 0,0% Iai?io aunoaaeaiiuo n/aoia 50,1 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 32,0% Iai?io i?i/eo oaeoueo aeoeaia 7,5 Aeiey a "cao?aoiii oeeeea" 4,8% === Eoiai "cao?aoiue oeeee" 156,7 IAI?A*EAAAIINOUe OAEOUEO IANNEAIA (ii on?aaeiaiiui cia/aieyi) Iai?io i?aaeuyaeaiiuo n/aoia 85,0 Aeiey a "e?aaeeoiii oeeeea" 77,5% Iai?io aaainia iieoiaoaeae 9,7 Aeiey a "e?aaeeoiii oeeeea" 8,8% Iai?io i?i/eo oaeoueo ianneaia 15,0 Aeiey a "e?aaeeoiii oeeeea" 13,7% === Eoiai "e?aaeeoiue oeeee" 109,6 === Eoiai "/enoue oeeee" 47,0 Oaeei ia?acii, aeaaea aunieia cia/aiea i?eaueueiinoe ia oaea?aeaei i?aaei?eyoea a ?aieao oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe. Iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i iaaeinoaoi/iii ea/anoaa oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai. Aiaeec iai?a/eaaaiinoe Aeaiiua aeey aiaeeca iai?a/eaaaiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 3.14. *enoue oeeee ninoaaeyao 47 aeiae, ii i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio oeeeeo iaaethaeaaony aeaoeoeeo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ue ?aaai iieooi?aiany/iiio iauaio oeiaine?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa. Aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe Iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 3.15. Oaaeeoea 3.15 Iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe AI "Naaoi/" Iaeiaiiaaiea iiceoeee ?aioaaaeueiinoue anaai eaieoaea 74,4% ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea 158,4% ?aioaaaeueiinoue onoaaiiai eaieoaea 3986,5% ?aioaaaeueiinoue iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 258,8% ?aioaaaeueiinoue oaeoueo aeoeaia 104,4% Oeiainiaue ?u/aa 1,13 A iauai ii oaaeeoea iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi ?aioaaaeueiinoue AI "Naaoi/" i?aauoaao cia/aiey, n/eoathueany ii?iaeueiuie ai anai ie?a (10-15%) a 5-7 ?ac, /oi ianiiiaiii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i caauoaiee naaanoieiinoe i?e i?iaaaeaiee ia?aaiai?ia. Oaeoe/aneay naaanoieiinoue ieacaeanue ieaea i?iaeoiie, ii oaoiieiae/aneay oeaii/ea io yoiai ia auea?aea, a AI "Naaoi/" nieceei oeaii/ioth yooaeoeaiinoue ii/oe a 2 ?aca. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec AI “Naaoi/” Aiaeec iauae ?aioaaaeueiinoe I?iaiaeeony n iiiiuueth aeaoo iiaeaeae. A ia?aie iiaeaee (oaaeeoea 3.16) ioeaieaaaony aeeyiea eciaiaiey i?eaueueiinoe i?iaeaae, iai?a/eaaaiinoe aeoeaia, aeiee nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey iai?ioiiai eaieoaea, iauae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe; ai aoi?ie iiaeaee (oaaeeoea 3.17) — aeeyiea eiyooeoeeaioa eniieueciaaiey i?eauee, ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, eiee/anoaa iai?ioia oaeoueo aeoeaia a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii oeeeea, no?oeoo?a aeoeaia. Oaaeeoea 3.16 Aiaeec aeeyiey eciaiaiey oaeoi?ia ia iauoth ?aioaaaeueiinoue AI "Naaoi/" (iiaeaeue 1) Iaeiaiiaaiea Oneiaiia Cia/aiea, oun. ?oa. iieacaoaeae e oaeoi?ia iaicia/aiea 01.04.93 01.07.93 *enoay i?eaueue *I 0 21 384 836 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee A? 0 13 091 621 Oaeouea aeoeau OA 14 606 321 26 372 254 Nianoaaiiue eaieoae NE 11 325 587 15 670 505 Anaai aeoeaia AA 22 488 536 35 016 165 I?eaueueiinoue i?iaeaae II = *I/A? 0,0000 1,6335 Iai?a/eaaaiinoue aeoeaia Ia = A?/OA 0,0000 0,4964 Aeiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey Eo = OA/NE 1,2897 1,6829 iai?ioiiai eaieoaea Iauay ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue Ii = NE/AA 0,5036 0,4475 Iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?a = *I / AA 0,0000 0,6107 Iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?a = o1*o2*o3*o4 0,0000 0,6107 Eciaiaiea II 1,6335 Eciaiaiea Ia 0,4964 Eciaiaiea Eo 0,3932 Eciaiaiea Ii -0,0561 Eciaiaiea ?a 0,6107 Aeeyiea II 0,6107 Aeeyiea Ia 0,0000 Aeeyiea Eo 0,0000 Aeeyiea Ii 0,0000 Noiia aeeyiee 0,6107 Oaaeeoea 3.17 Aiaeec aeeyiey eciaiaiey oaeoi?ia ia iauoth ?aioaaaeueiinoue AI "Naaoi/" (iiaeaeue 2) Iaeiaiiaaiea Oneiaiia Cia/aiea, oun. ?oa. iieacaoaeae e oaeoi?ia iaicia/aiea 01.04.93 01.07.93 *enoay i?eaueue *I 0 21 384 836 ?acoeueoao io ?aaeecaoeee ?? 0 7 608 882 C-ou ia i?-ai ?aaeec. i?-oeee CI?I 0 6 681 635 Oaeouea aeoeau OA 14 606 321 26 372 254 Anaai aeoeaia AA 22 488 536 35 016 165 Eiyo. eniieuec. I?eauee Eei = *I/?? 0,0000 2,8105 ?aio. ?aaeec. I?iaeoeoeee ??i = ??/CI?I 0,0000 1,1388 Eiee/anoai iai?ioia oaeoueo aeoeaia a Ii = CI?I/OA 0,0000 0,2534 i?iecaiaenoaaiiii oeeeea No?oeoo?a aeoeaia Na = OA/AA 0,6495 0,7531 Iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?a = *I / AA 0,00% 61,07% Iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?a = o1*o2*o3*o4 0,00% 61,07% Eciaiaiea Eei 2,8105 Eciaiaiea ??i 1,1388 Eciaiaiea Ii 0,2534 Eciaiaiea Na 0,1036 Eciaiaiea ?a 0,6107 Aeeyiea Eei 0,6107 Aeeyiea ??i 0,0000 Aeeyiea Ii 0,0000 Aeeyiea Na 0,0000 Noiia aeeyiee 0,6107 Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi eciaiaiea ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?iecioei ca n/ao eciaiaiey i?eaueueiinoe i?iaeaae. Yoio oaeoi? aaeeinoaaiiue, aeeyiea eioi?iai ioee/ii io ioey e ?aaii ii aaee/eia eciaiaieth ?aioaaaeueiinoe. Ii aeaiiui aoi?ie iiaeaee iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi eciaiaiea iauae ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?iecioei ca n/ao eciaiaiey eiyooeoeeaioa eniieueciaaiey i?eauee. Ii aeaoi iiaeaeyi a oeaeii iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iniiaiie aeeaae a eciaiaiea iauae ?aioaaaeueiinoe aianei eciaiaiea /enoie i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey AI "Naaoi/". Aiaeec ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea A iiaeaee ioeaieaaaony aeeyiea eciaiaiey i?eaueueiinoe i?iaeaae, iai?a/eaaaiinoe aeoeaia e eiyooeoeeaioa eaieoaeecaoeee ia ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea. Enoiaeiua aeaiiua e ?an/aou ii oaeoi?iiio aiaeeco ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?eaaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 3.18. Oaaeeoea 3.18 Aiaeec aeeyiey eciaiaiey oaeoi?ia ia ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea AI "Naaoi/" Iaeiaiiaaiea Oneiaiia Cia/aiea, oun. ?oa. iieacaoaeae e oaeoi?ia iaicia/aiea 01.04.93 01.07.93 *enoay i?eaueue *I 0 21384836 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee A? 0 13091621 Anaai aeoeaia AA 22488536 35016165 Nianoaaiiue eaieoae NE 11325587 15670505 I?eaueueiinoue i?iaeaae II = *I/A? 0,0000 1,6335 Iai?a/eaaaiinoue anao aeoeaia IA = A?/AA 0,0000 0,3739 Eiyooeoeeaio eaieoaeecaoeee Ee = AA/NE 1,9856 2,2345 ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoa. eaieoaea ?ne = *I/NE 0,0000 1,3647 ?aioaaaeueiinoue nianoa. eaieoaea ?ne = a * b * c 0,0000 1,3647 Eciaiaiea II 1,6335 Eciaiaiea Ia 0,3739 Eciaiaiea Ee 0,2489 Eciaiaiea ?ne 1,3647 Aeeyiea II 1,3647 Aeeyiea Ia 0,0000 Aeeyiea Ee 0,0000 Noiia aeeyiee 1,3647 Auaiae naeaeaiiue ii aeaiiui ia?aie e aoi?ie iiaeaeae iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ?acoeueoaoaie iiaeaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea. Aa?iyoiinoue aaie?ionoaa AI “Naaoi/” Aeey ioeaiee aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa caiieiyaony oaaeeoea 3.19 Oaaeeoea 3.19 Cia/aiea iieacaoaey Aeueoiaia e aeeythueo oaeoi?ia Iieacaoaeue Aeueoiaia Z 2,38 Noaiaiue iiaeeecaoeee aeoeaia 0,90 ?aioaaaeueiinoue aeoeaia 0,49 O?iaaiue naiioeiaine?iaaiey 0,61 Aeiey aeoeeiia?iiai eaieoaea a enoi/ieeao 0,01 Iai?a/eaaaiinoue aeoeaia 0,37 Cia/aiea iieacaoaey Aeueoiaia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia i/aiue ieceie aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa AI "Naaoi/". Ai iiiaii yoi aucaaii aunieie noaiaiueth iiaeeecaoeee aeoeaia, a oaeaea o?iaiy naiioeiaine?iaaiey. 3.4. Oi?ie?iaaiea oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey Ia iniiaaiee i?iaaaeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu: ooieoeeiie?iaaiea oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee aac AI "Naaoi/" a 2 ?aca yooaeoeaiaa, /ai n o/anoeai AI "Naaoi/"; aiaeec ninoiyiey AI "Naaoi/" iicaieee auyaeoue i?e/eiu, ii eioi?ui ooieoeeiie?iaaiea OOe ieacaeinue ieceiyooaeoeaiui: iniiaiay i?e/eia — ?eneiaaiiay iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey caaiiuo n?aaenoa ia AI "Naaoi/" ec aiaoieo ii ioiioaieth e OOe enoi/ieeia, eae ?acoeueoao — AI "Naaoi/" auioaeaeaii caauoaoue naaanoieiinoue ia AI "Naaoi/", /oi i?eaaei e ia?aaiiia?iiio ?ani?aaeaeaieth i?eauee aioo?e OOe. Oaeei ia?acii, aeaeueiaeoaa ooieoeeiie?iaaiea AI "Naaoi/" a ?aieao oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui. Aiciiaeiu aeaa aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaey: 1. Ono?aiaiea AI "Naaoi/" ec OOe eae iiaeoey e ooieoeeiie?iaaiea n iaiueoae iiuiinoueth, ii aieueoae yooaeoeaiinoueth. 2. Caiaia AI "Naaoi/" ia ae?oaia i?aaei?eyoea n aiaeiae/iuie ia/aeueiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie. Iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?aciui n oi/ee c?aiey ia?niaeoeau yooaeoeaiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OOe i?aaenoaaeyaony auai? ia?aie aeueoa?iaoeau, iineieueeo a i?aaeeaaaaiie noaia nouanoaotho ia?aaioaiiua nayce e ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie acaeiiaeaenoaey. Yoi i?eaaaeao e oaaee/aieth i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe e, eae neaaenoaea, iiauoaieth noieiinoe e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia OOe, ii yoe cao?aou i/aaeaeiu e i?aaeneacoaiu, a iiene e aiaae?aiea a OOe iiaiai i?aaei?eyoey nii?yaeai ni iiiaeie ?eneaie, ioeaieoue eioi?ua i/aiue o?oaeii. caeeth/aiea Aiaeec yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee a ?innee iieacuaaao, /oi aac eiioeaio?aoeee oeiainiaiai e i?iiuoeaiiiai eaieoaeia a ianooaaao, aeinoaoi/iuo aeey oniaoiie eiieo?aioeee ia ie?iaii ?uiea, iiaeuai ?inneeneie yeiiiieee e aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae i?aia?aciaaiee ainoaea?noaa iaaiciiaeiu [166]. E?oiiia oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiia iauaaeeiaiea ni cia/eoaeueiuie ?ano?naie e naycyie iaeaaeaao iaeaieueoae aeecianoieeinoueth, eiaao ianiiiaiiua i?aeiouanoaa a naii?acaeoee, a oii /enea i?e anooieaiee a ethaoth, aeaaea eaieoaeiaieoth io?aneue. Iaeiie ec yooaeoeaiuo oi?i naiii?aaiecaoeee e i?aaiecaoeee e?oiiiai eaieoaea yaeyaony OIA. No?oeoo?a, ninoaa e niaoeeaeecaoeey OIA ?aciiia?aciu, a ea/anoaa aea iauaai i?eciaea yoeo iauaaeeiaiee yaeyaony oi, /oi aaco aeey eo oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey ninoaaeyao e?oiiue eaieoae. Nicaeaiea OIA ?anniao?eaaaony I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O eae iaeei ec aaaeiuo yeaiaioia ?aaeecaoeee no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee i?iiuoeaiiinoe. A nayce n yoei aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aoaiey iao/iie caaea/e ?ac?aaioee yooaeoeaiiai ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey OIA ia iniiaa noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eo oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae. A ?acoeueoaoa ?aoaiey yoie iao/iie caaea/e a aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaioa ?ac?aaioaiu: 1. Iaoiaeieiaey ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuie a?oiiaie ia iniiaa noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae. Iaoiaeieiaey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nenoaio i?aaee: iauaaeeiaiey e oii?yaei/eaaiey i?aaei?eyoee a oaoiieiae/aneoth oeaii/eo ii e?eoa?eth iaeneiecaoeee ei?ii?aoeaiie yooaeoeaiinoe; noaoenoe/aneiai i?iaiice?iaaiey iiaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae; i?eiaiaiey iauanoaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia (ei??aeyoeee, eiaeaeniiai, oaaee/iiai, a?aoe/aneiai e ae?.) e iiaiio iauaeoo enneaaeiaaiey — OIA. 2. Iaoiaeeea noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu e aa oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae, aeeth/athuay, ?ac?aaioaiiua ia iniiaa aaeaeeoeaiuo, ioeueoeieeeaoeaiuo e niaoaiiuo iiaeaeae, aeai?eoiu noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca ?aioaaaeueiinoe aeoeaia, ?aioaaaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea, iieacaoaey acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaei?eyoee a oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ea, aa?iyoiinoe aaie?ionoaa, a oaeaea n?aaieoaeueiie noaoenoe/aneie ioeaiee o/anoey oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae a ei?ii?aoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe OIA. 3. Iaoiaeeea neioaca oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ii aeaiiui noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae, ninoiyuay ec au?aaioee e iainiiaaiey eioaa?aeueiiai e?eoa?ey e aeai?eoia i?eiyoey ?aoaiey Niaaoii aee?aeoi?ia eee oii-iaiaaeaea?ii aeey iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe OIA. Iaoiaeeea neioaca oi?aaeaiey ninoieo ec iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo acaeiinaycaiiuo yoaiia, aeeth/athueo iaiaoiaeeiia e aeinoaoi/iia eiee/anoai aeaenoaee aeey ieaie?iaaiey, i?aaiecaoeee, iioeaaoeee e eiio?iey ca aeayoaeueiinoueth oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiie a?oiiu. 3. Iiiaioaeoi?iua eiaeaeniua iiaeaee aeey aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e neioaca ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey OIA "Neaayineay aoiaaa" e aa oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/eie. E?iia oiai a aeenna?oaoeee iieo/aiu neaaeothuea i?aeoe/anee aaaeiua iao/iua ?acoeueoaou: i?iaiaeece?iaaiu i?iaeaiu ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuie a?oiiaie e caaea/e noaoenoeee aeey eco/aiey eo yooaeoeaiinoe; i?iaaaeai auai? e iainiiaaiea iauaeoia noaoenoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey: oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaii/ae oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii e oeeeeia ei?ii?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoueth eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Ii ?acoeueoaoai i?iaaaeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea iniiaiua auaiaeu e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee: 1. Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu yaeythony iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiui niiniaii iauaaeeiaiey oaoiieiae/anee naycaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. 2. Aeey OIA oa?aeoa?ia aunieay noaiaiue eiioeaio?aoeee oi?aaeaiey. 3. Oi?aaeai/aneea ?aoaiey aoaeoo aieaa iainiiaaiu, anee ei i?aaeoanoaoao yeiiiieei-noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe o/anoieeia oaoiieiae/aneie oeaii/ee. 4. Yooaeoeaiui iaoiaeii aiaeeca ooieoeeiie?iaaiey OIA yaeyaony oaeoi?iue eiaeaeniue aiaeec. 5. ?ac?aaioaiiay a aeenna?oaoeee iaoiaeeea iainiiaaiey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee ia iniiaa i?eiaiaiey noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny ia oieueei a OIA, ii e ae?oaeie i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie no?oeoo?aie yeiiiieee ?innee. Oaeiau iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey, i?iaaaeaiiiai a aeenna?oaoeee. I?aeoe/aneay ?aaeecaoeey iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee e eaeae aeenna?oaoeee, inouanoaeaiea eioi?uo auei ia/aoi oaea a oiaea auiieiaiey ?aaiou, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, ieaaeao nouanoaaiiia iieiaeeoaeueiia aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea e niaa?oainoaiaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe OIA e iaania/eo: noaaeeecaoeeth i?iecaiaenoaa e oeiainiaie nenoaiu; oneeaiea eiieo?aioiiai oa?aeoa?a yeiiiie/aneie n?aaeu; aeoeaecaoeeth iao/ii-oaoie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe; oeo/oaiea eiaanoeoeeiiiie ianoaiiaee; iaiaoiaeeiua no?oeoo?iua eciaiaiey; oe?aieaiea nioeeaeueiie aacu yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i. Aaoi? n/eoaao oaeaea, /oi ?ac?aaioaiiua ei a oiaea ?aaiou iaae aeenna?oaoeeae ?aeiiaiaeaoeee e i?aaeeiaeaiey aeieaeiu ?aaoey?ii ooi/iyoueny ii ia?a eciaiaiey nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie e iieeoe/aneie neooaoeee a no?aia. NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U Aaaeeei E. E., Aaaiaaayi A. A. e ae?. Iieeoe/aneay yeiiiiey. — I.: Iieeoecaeao, 1990. Aaeaiia A. A. I iieacaoaeyo yooaeoeaiinoe i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1973, ? 4, n.15-19. Aaeaiia A. A. Oaeoi?iue eiaeaeniue aiaeec (Iaoiaeeea e i?iaeaiu). — I.: Noaoenoeea, 1977. Aaeaiia A. A., Eaeoei A.A. Noaoenoe/aneia eco/aiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe e eioaineoeeaoeee i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa: Oaeno eaeoeee. - I.: IYNE, 1984. - 41 n. Aaeaiia A.A. Noaoenoe/aneay ioeaiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. - A ei.: Noaoenoe/aneia eco/aiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. 14.: Iaoea, 1977, n.117-141. Aeioo ?. Ieaie?iaaiea a aieueoeo yeiiiie/aneeo nenoaiao. - I.: Ie?, 1972. - 228 n. Aenaiia A.N., Aaiaeo?ei A.A. I?iaeaiu o/anoey aaieia a oi?ie?iaaiee OIA. O?oaeu IOE, AOYO i?e IOA, 1996. - 262 n. Aenaiia A.N., Aaiaeo?ei A.A., Nieeueie/aiei A.E. Ia eioaa?aoeee i?iiuoeaiiuo e aaieianeeo no?oeoo? a iai?iiiua OIA. O?oaeu IOE, AOYO i?e IOA, 1996. - 262 n. Aeaenaiae?ia A.E., Iaaeia A.N. Iaiiaeaiea iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia: (Eioaineoeeaoeey, yooaeoeaiinoue, noeioeu). - I.: Yeiiiieea, 1984. - 192 n. Aiae?aaa N. E. Yooaeoeaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia I.: Yeiiiieea, 1980.- 88 n. A?aeaeyi A. A. Aini?iecaiaenoai iniiaiuo oiiaeia a ?acaeoii nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa. A?aaai: Ecae-ai AI A?i. NN?, 1980. - 62 n. Aaeaiia I. E., Oa?aiao A. Ae. Oai?ey aiaeeca oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1987. Aaeaiia I. E., Oa?aiao A. Ae. Oai?ey yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1994. — 288 n.: ee. Aaeeaiia A. E. Aii?inu noaoenoeee i?iiuoeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey. - I.: Ainnoaoecaeao, 1955. - 112 n. Aaeeaiia A. E. e ae?. Noaoenoeea i?iiuoeaiiinoe / A. E. Aaeeaiia, A. A. Aaeaiia, A. E. Onoeiia; Iiae ?aae. A. A. Aaeaiiaa. - 4-a ecae., ia?a?aa. e aeii. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea,1982. - 439 n. Aaeeaiia A. E. E ae?. Noaoenoeea i?iiuoeaiiinoe: O/aaiee / A. E. Aaeeaiia, A. A. Aaeaiia, A. I. Onoeiia; Iiae. ?aae. A. A. Aaeaiiaa. — 4-a ecae., ia?a?aa. e aeii. — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1982. — 439 n, ee. Aaeeaiia A. E. Eae noaoenoeea eco/aao yooaeoeaiinoue e ea/anoai a i?iiuoeaiiinoe. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1978. - 119 n. Aaeeaiia A. E. Iaeioi?ua aii?inu eiaeaeniiai iaoiaea. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1972. - 72 n. Aaeaaaiia E. O. Iniiau oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa. Eae oi?aaeyoue eaieoaeii? — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1995. — 384 n.: ee. Aaiaeo?ei A.A., Aneiianeee E.Y., Coaia Ae.E. I?iaeaiu eiaanoe?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoee oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii. - I.: AEA, 1996. - 83 n. Aaiaeo?ei A.A. Ii?aaeaeaiea eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe aaiea e aai e?aaeeoi?neeo ea/anoa. I.: Aii?inu noaoenoeee. ? 8. 1995. Aeaaoo. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec n iaiauaieyie. Ia?aaiae n /aoneiai TH. A. Aeaieeiaa. Anooieoaeueiay noaouey A. A. Ie?eeia. — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea. 1989. Ai/a?ia A., Aoeei O. Iaoiaeu ii?aaeaeaiey ?an/aoiuo iieacaoaeae oiiaeiioaea/e ia i?aaei?eyoee. - Aii?inu yeiiiieee, 1966, ? 2, n.30-40. Aiy?neee A. ss. I?eiaiaiea oai?ee noaoenoeee a o/aoa i?iiuoeaiiinoe. - A ei.: I/a?ee i?iiuoeaiiie noaoenoeee. I.,1937, n. 469-495. Aoie/ I. A. yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - I.: Oeiainu, 1966. - 60 n. Aaaeeia A. I. Yooaeoeaiinoue nioeeaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa e ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee. - I.: Iuneue, 1975. - 175 n. Aaeueooo E. Oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann e ?acaeoea eiaanoeoeeiiiiai eiiieaena. - Eiiioieno, 1985, ? 10, n.23-33. Aaiaoeeee E. A. Aa?eaoeeiiiua ?yaeu e eo oa?aeoa?enoeee. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1970. - 159 n. Aaiaoeeee E. A. Aaiaoeeay A.E. Iniiaiua iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/aneea iiiyoey e oi?ioeu a yeiiiie/aneii aiaeeca: Ni?aai/iee. - 2-a ecae., ia?a?aa. e aeii. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1979. - 448 n. Aeeea TH. Iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/aneea iniiau oaeoi?iiai aiaeeca e aiciiaeiinoe eioa?i?aoaoeee ?acoeueoaoia aai i?eiaiaiey. A ei.: Iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/aneea iaoiaeu enneaaeiaaiey acaeiinaycae a yeiiiieea. I.: Noaoenoeea, 1977. Aeoeyaa A. A. ?ino yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e eciaiaiea i?iii?oeee. - I.: Ecae-ai IAO, 1973. - 168 n. Aieiaea?neee E. I. Noaoenoeea i?iiuoeaiiinoe. - 2-a ecae. - I.: Ainnoaoecaeao, 1956. - 166 n. Ai?iaueaaa A. A. Oic?an/ao e yooaeoeaiinoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - I.: Iaoea, 1970. - 320 n. Ai?ioeeia A. A., Aaeaeaiei TH. E. Yooaeoeaiinoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia e iaoiaeu aa yeiiiie/aneie ioeaiee. - E.: Eaiecaeao,1975. - 151 n. Aa?aoeeee N.A. Iiuo i?eiaiaiey noaoenoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a aiaeeca oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1970, A 5, n.23-30. A?oiie?iaea e ei??aeyoeey a yeiiiieei-noaoenoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. I.: Iaoea, 1982. - 374 n. Ao?aae/ N. I noaoenoe/aneii eco/aiee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1966, ? 8, n.3-17. Aeaieeaiei E. N. Aii?inu nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e ?ac?aaioea ii?iaoeaiie aacu ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. - Eca. AI NNN? Na?. Yeii.,1984, ? 6, n.27-34. Aeaiueae. ?? 1-18. 1996. Aeeei A. I. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec a i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1975. - 328 n. Aeieaia A. Ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe iiaie oaoieee ia iniiaa aa iio?aaeoaeueiie noieiinoe. - Yeiiiie/aneea iaoee, 1983, ? 8, n.35-40. Ae?oaeeiei I. E. Iaeioi?ua caia/aiey i ei??aeyoeee a yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1979, ? 8, n.26-33. Aeoa?ia A. I. Ia?aaioea noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo iaoiaeii aeaaiuo eiiiiiaio. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1978. - 135 n. Aeth?ai A., Iaeaee I. Eeanoa?iue aiaeec. Ia?. n aiae. A. C. Aeaieaeaiei / Iiae ?aae. A. ss. Aiy?neiai. I?aaeeneiaea. A. ss. Aiy?neiai. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1977. - 128 n. Aeenaaaa E. E., ?oeaaeoieeia A. I. A?oiie?iaea, ei??aeyoeey, ?aniiciaaaiea ia?acia. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1977. - 144 n. A?eia A. I. Iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/aneea iaoiaeu eco/aiey yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1983. - 191 n. A?iieiae/ E. E. Aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Oeiainu, 1976. - 158 n. AEoeianeay A. I., Io/iee E. A. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec a nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1976. - 151 n. AEoeianeee A. A. e ae?. Noaoenoeei-iaoaiaoe/aneee aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiinoe no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia / A. A. AEoeianeee, N. I. Aa?aoeeee, I. A. Iaeueiee. - I.: No?ieecaeao, 1972. - 136 n. Eaa?ea E. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec / Ia?. n iai. A. I. Eaaiiaie. I?aaeeneiaea A. I. Aeoa?iaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1980. - 398 n. Eaaiia A. A. Iniiaiua oiiaeu: aini?iecaiaenoai e iiauoaiea oiiaeiioaea/e. - I.: Ciaiea, 1978. - 64 n. Eaaiia I. N. Iniiaiua oiiaeu e i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe i?iiuoeaiiinoe NNN? e eo eniieueciaaiea: Eaeoeey. - I., 1953. - 27 n. Eeueaieiaa N. Ae. ?aca?au i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1973. - 86 n. Eaca/aiie A. A. Iauaiaoiaeieiae/aneea aii?inu noaoenoe/aneiai eco/aiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?e nenoaiiii iiaeoiaea. - A ei.: Noaoenoe/aneia eco/aiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. I.: Iaoea, 1981, n.49-67. Eaca/aiie A. A. Yeiiiie/aneay noaoenoeea. - Ieine: Aaea?onue, 1976. - 550 n. Eaceiaoe E. N. Oai?ey eiaeaenia. - I.: Ainnoaoecaeao,1963. - 349 n. Eaiaaa A. Eioaineoeeaoeey e ea/anoai yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa. - Aii?inu yeiiiieee, 1985, ? 3, n.14-25. Eaioi? E. ss. Oai?ey e iaoiaeieiaey oiiaeiioaea/e i?e nioeeaeecia. - I.: Iuneue 1980. - 180 n. Eaaoa ss. A., Eaeeeia E.A. Oiiaeiaieinoue i?iecaiaenoaa / iaoiaeieiae/aneea aii?inu /. - I.: Iaoea, 1971. - 126 n. Eeia, Ae. Eeeeaiae. No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea e oicyenoaaiiay iieeoeea. Ia?aaiae n aiaeeeneiai. — I.: I?ia?ann. — 1982. Eeia?iai A. ss. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea iieacaoaeae noaoenoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1971. - 208 n. Eeia?iai A. ss. Yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e iauaaeeiaiee. I., Noaoenoeea, 1974. Eeeeaiae Ae., Eeia O. Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oeaeaaia oi?aaeaiea. I., 1974. Eiaoo A. A. yooaeoeaiinoue i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - E.: Iaoea, 1983. - 174 n. Eieyaeia A. I niioaaonoaee i?eioeeiia e iaoiaeia ii?aaeaeaiey yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa oa?aeoa?o iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna. - Yeiiiie/aneea iaoee, 1980, 13 12, n.34-39. Eiiia?naiou. ?? 1-16. 1996. Ei?ieaa TH. A. ?aa?anneiiiue aiaeec a nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. - I.: IYNE, 1978, - 106 n. Ei?ii?aoeaiia oi?aaeaiea. Aeaaeaeueoeu, aee?aeoi?a e iaaiiua ?aaioieee aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa. — Ia?. n aiae. — I.: "Aeaeii Oaeee yiae Naic", 1996 a., 240 n. E?aeianeee A. E. Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia a iaoeiino?iaiee. - I.: Noaoenoeea,1972. - 104 n. E?anianeee A. Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa e eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee. - Aii?inu yeiiiieee, 1983, I 11,n.121-132. E?anoeiue I. I. ?ac?aaioea e eioa?i?aoaoeey iiaeaeae ei??aeyoeeiiiuo naycae a yeiiiieea. - ?eaa: Ceiaoia, 1983. - 302 n. Eoeaaei A. I iaeioi?uo oneiaeyo eioaineoeeaoeee iaoeiino?ieoaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - Ieaiiaia oicyenoai,1985, ? 7, n.25-29 Eoioe A., I'Aeiiiae N. Oi?aaeaiea: nenoaiiue e neooaoeeiiiue aiaeec oi?aaea/aneeo ooieoeee. I., 1981. Eo?n noaoenoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe: O/aa. iiniaea / Iiae ?aae. E. A. Iaeiai e A. E. Nenueeiaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea,1978. - 358 n. Eo?n yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca: O/aaiee /A. O. Aenaiaiei, I. E. Aaeaiia, A. O. Eaaiaiei e ae?./ Iiae ?aae. I. E. Aaeaiiaa e A. Ae. Oa?aiaoa. - 2-a ecae., ia?a?aa. e aeii. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1984. - 412 n. Eaaei A. I., Aoie/ I. A. Yeiiiieea i?iiuoeaiiinoe NNN?. - I.: Aunoay oeiea, 1977. - 526 n. Eaineay N. A., Neaei?ia A. I. Yooaeoeaiinoue e a?aiy i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Yeiiiieea, 1980. - 120 n. Eeaa?iai A. A. ?acee/ey iieacaoaeae yooaeoeaiinoe ia o?iaiyo iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa e ioaeaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee. - A ei.: Noaoenoe/aneia eco/aiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Iaoea, 1977, n.11-39. Eioee Ae., Iaenaaee A. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec eae noaoenoe/aneee iaoiae / Ia?. n aiae. TH. I. Aeaaiaauaineiai. - I.: Ie?, 1967. - 144 n. Eoeeiia E. E. Aii?inu niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaoiaeia yeiiiie/aneiai oi?aaeaiey. - Yeiiiieea e iaoaiaoe/aneea iaoiaeu,1985; o. XXI, aui. 2, n.211-223. Iaeaeai/ee A. E., *enoia E.I. Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec ?aaiou iaoeiino?ieoaeueiuo iauaaeeiaiee. - I.: Iaoeiino?iaiea, 1979. - 237 n. Iaeiaaoeeay I.E., Yooaeoeaiinoue nioeeaeenoe/aneiai aini?iecaiaenoaa: Nouiinoue, e?eoa?ee, ecia?aiea. - Iiaineae?ne: Iaoea, 1982. - 113 n. Iaiaeey A. Iaoiae ?aa?annee a aiaeeca i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1975, ? 2, n.21-26. Ia?oeothn N. E. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu iino?iaiey e i?eiaiaiey yeiiiiao?e/aneeo iiaeaeae. - Aeeueithn, Iienean, 1979. - 172 n. Iaoiiaa A. E., *a?ieeia Ae. A. Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia. - I.: Iaoeiino?iaiea, 1978. - 121 n. Ianeii I. O., Aeueaa?o I., Oaaeio?e O. Iniiau iaiaaeaeiaioa: Ia?. n aiae. — I.: "Aeaei", 1992. — 702 n. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia e eo ioai?o aeey oeiaine?iaaiey (ioeoeeaeueiia ecaeaiea). — I.: IIEAOe "Oa?eiaano". — 1994. Ieoaeeia A. Ae. I?iiuoeaiiay noaoenoeea. - I.: Ainnoaoecaeao, 1939. - 475 n. Iiiaiia?iue noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec / Iiae ?aae. N. A. Aeaacyia e N. A. Eociaoeiaa. - I.: OeYIE, 1974. - 416 n. Itheea? I. e ae?. Oaaeeoeu ii iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeea / I. Itheea?, I. Iieiai, ?. Ooi?i; Ia?. n iai. e i?aaeene. A. I. Eaaiiaie. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1982. - 278 n. Iiaeeia I. Ia yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - Aii?inu yeiiiieee, 1974, ? 8, n.12-22. Iauay oai?ey noaoenoeee: Noaoenoe/aneay iaoiaeieiaey a eco/aiee eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe: O/aaiee / A. E. Oa?eaiia, I. Y. Aaoeia, A. O. Aaao?ei e ae?.; Iiae ?aae. A. A. Nie?eia, I. Y. Aaoeiie. — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1994. — 296 n.: ee. Iauay oai?ey noaoenoeee: O/aaiee. / A. N. Eeeueaeeoaa, A. A. Ianeaiei, I. I. ?aaeiiae/, O. A. ?yaooeei. I.: Noaoenoeea, 1980. - 423 n. Ieoya?ueneee I. ss. Noaoenoeea yooaeoeaiinoe i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1975. - 222 n. Ieoya?ueneee I. ss. Nouiinoue e e?eoa?ee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - E.: Ecae-ai EAO, 1973. - 54 n. Ieoiue ss. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1974. - 200 n. Io?aneaaua e oa??eoi?eaeueiua oaeoi?u iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. - E.: Iaoea, 1981. - 130 n. Iaaeia I. I. e ae?. Iai?io n?aaenoa, oiiaeiioaea/a e ?aioaaaeueiinoue / I. I. Iaaeia, N. E. Aieeia, A. A. A?i. - E.: Eaiecaeao, 1969. - 221 n. Iaeee A. O. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea i?aaiecaoeee e iaoiaeia yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca oiiaeiioaea/e. - A ei.: I?aaiecaoeey e iaoiaeu yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca a i?iiuoeaiiinoe: Oacenu aeieeaaeia Ananithciiai iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneiai niaauaiey. I., 1883, n. 3-8. Iauaiei A. N. Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia. - ?inoia i / Ae: Ecae-ai ?ino. oi-oa, 1977. - 144 n. Ia?aooei A. I iieacaoaeyo oiiaeiioaea/e. - Ieaiiaia oicyenoai, 1975, ? 11, n.157-158. Ia?aia/ei E. I., Neai?eiianeee A.A. Noaoenoe/aneia eco/aiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee: I?aeoe/aneia iiniaea. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1979. - 72 n. Iieyeia N. I nenoaia iieacaoaeae iio?aaeoaeueiie noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - Yeiiiie/aneea iaoee, 1980, AE 2, n.65-69. Iiiaaethe E. Aii?inu noaoenoeee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e aai io?aneae. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1974, ? 12, n. 21-28. Iiiia A. A. Iino?iaiea e aiaeec iieacaoaeae oiiaeiioaea/e a iiauo oneiaeyo oicyenoaiaaiey. - A ei.: Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia a i?iiuoeaiiinoe. *.2. Aeiiaoee, 1969, n. 164-168. I?iaeaiu noaoenoeee yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaoa?eaeu Ananithciie iao/iie eiioa?aioeee. - I.: IYNE, 1975. - 294 n. I?iaeaiu noaoenoe/aneiai eco/aiey yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaocianeie iao/iie eiioa?aioeee. - I.: IYNE, 1980. - 232 n. I?iaiice?iaaiea oiiaeiioaea/e / A. I. Aaae/, I. N. Ie?ioieeia, A. E. ss?iaay e ae?.; Iiae ?aae. A. I. Aaae/. - Eeaa: Iaoeiaa 1977. - 190 n. I?ia?anneaiay oaoiieiaey a iaoeiino?iaiee. - Yeiiiie/aneay aacaoa, 1985, ? 4. I?iiuneia A. Ae., AEo/aiei E. A. Eiaenoe/aneea iniiau oi?aaeaiey iaoa?eaeueiuie e aeaiaaeiuie iioieaie. (I?iaeaiu, iienee, ?aoaiey). — I.: Iaooue e aac, 1994. — 103 n. I?ineo?yeia A. I. Aooaaeoa?neee o/ao ia iaeuo i?aaei?eyoeyo. — Aieiaaea: Aieai; Iineaa: Caieo — 1992 — 224 n.: ee. Ionoueueiee A. E. Noaoenoe/aneea iaoiaeu aiaeeca e ia?aaioee iaaethaeaiee. - I.: Iaoea, 1968. - 288 n. Iooe iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee e iniiaiuo oiiaeia /Iiae ?aae. O. N. Oa/aoo?iaa. - E.: Iaoea, 1982. - 215 n. ?aeneay I. I., Oa?aoei A. O., O?aieaeue A. A. I?eiaiaiea eeanoa?iiai aiaeeca a enneaaeiaaiee yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae. - A ei.: Iiiaiia?iue noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec a nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. I.: Iaoea, 1974, n.116-134. ?ayoeean ?. E., Nooeaeoen A. I. Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Iaoea, 1984. - 188 n. ?aoaoeineee E. 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Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1980. - 176 n. Nai/aaia A. E. Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - I.: Yeiiiieea, 1974. - 199 n. Nenueeia A. E. Ei??aeyoeeiiiue aiaeec a yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1975. - 168 n. Nenueeia C. E. Yeiiiieei-noaoenoe/aneia enneaaeiaaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1971. - 256 n. Nie?iia A. O. Ia ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - 3 ei.: ?aca?au i?iecaiaenoaa e eo eniieueciaaiea a oeaeyo iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. E., 1978. n.50-51. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea oai?ee e i?aeoeee noaoenoe/aneie ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe e eioaineoeeaoeee iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia. - I.: IYNE, 1983. - 74 n. Noaaeiee A. ss. Eniieueciaaiea iniiaiuo oiiaeia (iaoiaeu auyaeaiey e aiaeeca ?aca?aia). - ?inoia i / Ae: Ecae-ai ?ino. oi-oa,1982. - 152 n. Noaaeiee A. ss. Noaoenoeea yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo oiiaeia. - ?inoia i / Ae: Ecae-ai ?ino. 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I iieacaoaeyo yooaeoeaiinoe noa?u iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - Aanoiee noaoenoeee, 1975, ? 11, n.11-17. Oeiainiaia ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee NOA. — I.: NI "E?ieon Eioa?iaoie". — 1993. Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: ni?aai/iee/ Iiae ?aae. TH. A. Aeineaaa. - I.: IAOe, 1996. O?aieaeue A. A. Iaoaiaoe/aneee aiaeec i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. - I.: Yeiiiieea 1968. - 168 n. O?aieaeue A. A. I?eiaiaiea oaeoi?iiai aiaeeca aeey iiaeaee?iaaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. - Yeiiiie/aneea e iaoaiaoe/aneea iaoiaeu, 1977, o. XIII, aui. 3, n.582-588. O?aieaeue A. A. I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea: i?iaeaiu iiaeaee?iaaiey ?inoa. - I.: Yeiiiieea, 1984. - 176 n. Oa?iai A. Nia?aiaiiue oaeoi?iue aiaeec. Ia?. n aiae. A. ss. Eoiaeueneiai. - I.: Noaoenoeea, 1972. - 486 n. Ooaaaa A. I. Yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey oaoieee. - ?inoia i / Ae: Ecae-ai ?inoia. oi-oa,. 1978. - 223 n. *enoyeia I. Ieaie?iaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. - Aii?inu yeiiiieee, 1974, ? 8, n.103-115. Oa?aiao A. Ae. Eiiieaeniue yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. (Aii?inu iaoiaeieiaee). - I.: Yeiiiieea, 1974. - 207 n. Oa?aiao A. Ae., Naeooeei ?. N., Iaaaoaa A. A. Iaoiaeeea oeiainiaiai aiaeeca i?aaei?eyoey. — I.: 1992. Oi? ss. A., Eoaaeue ?. A. Iieacaoaee iaaeaaeiinoe i?iaeoeoeee e eo ioeaiea. - A ei.: Ea/anoai, iaaeaaeiinoue e aeieaiaa/iinoue i?iaeoeoeee. I.: Ecae. noaiaea?o.1966, n.116-149. Yeiiiieea e noaoenoeea oe?i: O/aaiee / A. A. Aaeaiia, N. Ae. Eeueaieiaa, O. I. Ne?ioeia e ae?.; Iiae ?aae. N. Ae. Eeueaieiaie . - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1996. - 240 n. Yeiiiieea oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe / Iiae ?aae. A. Ae. sseianiia. - I.: Aunoay oeiea, 1975. - 350 n. Yeiiiie/aneea aii?inu iiaeaioiaeoaeueiie noaaeee i?iecaiaenoaa iiauo i?oaeee o?oaea (Iaoiaee/aneee aniaeo) / Iiae ?aae. N. I. ssiiieueneiai. - Eeaa: Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1978. - 215 n. Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e iauaaeeiaiee / Iiae ?aae. N. A. Aa?iaieueoe e A. I. Oaoeey. - 2-a ecae. - I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea. 1981. - 488 n. Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoee / Iiae ?aae. A. O. Ia?aoeena. - I.: Oeiainu, 1977. - 424 n. Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e iauaaeeiaiee. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae i?io. N. A. Aa?iaieueoe e i?io. A. I. Oaoeey. — I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea. — 1986. Yenia?o. ?? 1-8. 1996. ssaoaeei N. TH. I aeeyiee no?oeoo?iuo naeaeaia a iniiaiuo oiiaeao ia oiiaeiioaea/o a oeiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. - A na.: Iniiaiua aii?inu noaoenoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe. O?oaeu einoeoooa. I.: IYNE, 1973, n.12-23. i?eeiaeaiey I?eeiaeaiea ?1 Aeai?eoi ninoaaeaiey aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina Oi?ia aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina i?aaenoaaeaia a oaaeeoea 4.1. Ieaea i?aaenoaaeaiu aeaa aeai?eoia ninoaaeaiey aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina. Ninoaaeaiea aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina ii aeaiiui aooaaeoa?neie io/aoiinoe, ninoaaeaiiie aei 1 ethey 1996 aiaea no?iea 1 = no?iea 012 aaeaina; no?iea 2 = no?iea 022 aaeaina; no?iea 3 = no?iea 040 aaeaina; no?iea 4 = no?iea 050 aaeaina; no?iea 5 = no?iea 6 – noiia no?ie 1-4 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 6 = no?iea 080 – no?iea 060 aaeaina; no?iea 7 = no?iea 130 aaeaina; no?iea 8 = no?iea 260 aaeaina; no?iea 9 = noiia no?ie 100, 122, 140, 175 aaeaina; no?iea 10 = no?iea 150 aaeaina; no?iea 11 = no?iea 162 aaeaina; no?iea 12 = no?iea 200 + no?iea 210 aaeaina; no?iea 13 = noiia no?ie 270-310 aaeaina; no?iea 14 = no?iea 15 – no?iee 7-13 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 15 = no?iea 180 + no?iea 330 aaeaina; no?iea 16 = no?iea 340 + no?iea 350 aaeaina; no?iea 17 = noiia no?ie 6, 15 e 16 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 18 = noiia no?ie 400-403 – no?iea 060 aaeaina; no?iea 19 = noiia no?ie 410-430, 460 e 472 aaeaina; no?iea 20 = no?iea 18 + no?iea 19 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 21 = noiia no?ie 440, 500 e 510 aaeaina; no?iea 22 = noiia no?ie 600-620 aaeaina; no?iea 23 = no?iea 630 aaeaina; no?iea 24 = no?iea 730 aaeaina; no?iea 25 = noiia no?ie 690 e 700 aaeaina; no?iea 26 = noiia no?ie 650 e 660 aaeaina; no?iea 27 = no?iea 770 – no?iee 500, 510 aaeaina –no?iee 22-26 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 28 = noiia no?ie 22-27 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 29 = noiia no?ie 21-28 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 30 = no?iea 20 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina + 730 aaeaina; no?iea 31 = ?aciinoue no?ie 15 e 28 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; Oaaeeoea 4.1 Oi?ia aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee ? no?iee AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau: iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 1 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 2 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 3 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 4 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 5 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 6 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 7 aaainu iinoaaueeai 8 i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu e IAI 9 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 10 oiaa?u 11 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 12 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 13 i?i/ea 14 Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 15 OAUOEE 16 EOIAI AEOEAIA 17 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 18 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 19 Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 20 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 21 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa: e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 22 n/aoa e iieaoa 23 aaainu 24 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 25 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 26 i?i/ea 27 Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 28 Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 29 EOIAI IANNEAIA 30 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 31 Ninoaaeaiea aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina ii aeaiiui aooaaeoa?neie io/aoiinoe, ninoaaeaiiie iinea 1 ethey 1996 aiaea no?iea 1 = no?iea 110 aaeaina; no?iea 2 = no?iea 120 aaeaina; no?iea 3 = no?iea 123 aaeaina; no?iea 4 = no?iea 130 aaeaina; no?iea 5 = no?iea 6 - no?iee (1-4) aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 6 = no?iea 190 aaeaina; no?iea 7 = no?iea 214 aaeaina; no?iea 8 = no?iea 225 + no?iea 235 aaeaina; no?iea 9 = noiia no?ie 211, 213, 217, 218 e "i?i/ea caianu e cao?aou" aaeaina; no?iea 10 = no?iea 215 aaeaina; no?iea 11 = no?iea "oiaa?u" aaeaina; no?iea 12 = noiia no?ie 216, 221, 222, 223, 231, 232 e 233 aaeaina; no?iea 13 = no?iea 240 + no?iea 250 aaeaina; no?iea 14 = no?iea 15 - no?iee 7-13 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 15 = no?iea 290 - no?iea 224 - no?iea 234 aaeaina; no?iea 16 = no?iea 390 aaeaina; no?iea 17 = no?iea 6 + no?iea 15 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 18 = noiia no?ie 410, 420 e 432 - no?iea 234 aaeaina; no?iea 19 = noiia no?ie 430, 440, 450, 460, 470 e 480 - no?iea 390 aaeaina; no?iea 20 = no?iea 18 + no?iea 19 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 21 = no?iea 510 aaeaina; no?iea 22 = no?iea 610 aaeaina; no?iea 23 = no?iea 621 + no?iea 622 aaeaina; no?iea 24 = no?iea 627 aaeaina; no?iea 25 = no?iea 626 + no?iea "caaeieaeaiiinoue ii aiaathaeaeaoiui ieaoaaeai" aaeaina; no?iea 26 = no?iea 623 + no?iea 624 aaeaina; no?iea 27 = no?iea 690 - no?iea 511 - no?iea 512 aaeaina - no?iee 22-26 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 28 = noiia no?ie 22-27 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 29 = no?iea 21 + no?iea 28 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 30 = no?iea 20 + no?iea 29 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina; no?iea 31 = no?iea 15 - no?iea 28 aa?aae?iaaiiiai aaeaina. I?eeiaeaiea ?2 Aeai?eoi ?an/aoa no?oeoo?u aaeaina No?iee 1-5 oaaeeoeu yaeythony /anoiuie io aeaeaiey iiceoeee 1-5 oaaeeoeu 4.1 ia aaee/eio no?iee 080 aaeaina Eoiaiaay noiia iieo/aaony a no?iea 6 noiie?iaaieai no?ie 1-5 Aeaiiua a no?iea 7 iieo/athony aeaeaieai no?iee 6 ia no?ieo 360 aaeaina Aeaiiua a no?iea 8 au/eneythony eae ?acoeueoao aeaeaiey iiceoeee 32 oaaeeoeu 4.1 ia noiio iiceoeee 2 e 32 oaaeeoeu 4.1. Aeaiiua a no?iea 9 au/eneythony, eae ?acoeueoao aeaeaiey iiceoeee 33 oaaeeoeu 4.1 ia noiio iiceoeee 1 e 33 oaaeeoeu 4.1. Aeaiiua a no?ieao 10-17 au/eneythony, eae ioiioaiee iiceoeee 7-14 oaaeeoeu 4.1 e iiceoeee 15 oaaeeoeu 4.1 niioaaonoaaiii. Eoiaiaay no?iea 18 au/eneyaony eae noiia iiceoeee 10-17 Aeaiiua a no?ieao 19, 20 au/eneythony eae ioiioaiea iiceoeee 15, 16 oaaeeoeu 4.1 e no?iea 17 oie aea oaaeeoeu. Aeaiiua a no?ieao 1-3 au/eneythony eae ioiioaiea iiceoeee 18, 19, 21 oaaeeoeu 4.1 e noiia iiceoeee 20 e 21 oaaeeoeu 4.1. Eoiaiaay no?iea 4 au/eneyaony eae noiia iiceoeee 1-3 Aeaiiua a no?iea 5 au/eneythony eae ioiioaiea noiiu iiceoeee 20 e 21 oaaeeoeu 4.1 e no?iea 30 oaaeeoeu 4.1 A no?ieao 6-11 iaoiaeyony /anoiua io aeaeaiey iiceoeee 22-27 oaaeeoeu 4.1 ia iiceoeeth 28 oaaeeoeu 4.1 Eoiaiaay noiia a no?iea 12 iieo/aaony noiie?iaaieai no?ie 6-11 Aeaiiua a no?iea 13 au/eneythony, eae /anoiia io aeaeaiey iiceoeee 28 e 30 oaaeeoeu 4.1 Aeaiiua a no?iea 14 au/eneythony, eae ioiioaiea iiceoeee 31 e 17 oaaeeoeu 4.1. Aai caaea/ae yaeyaony aiaeec eciaiaiey no?oeoo?u aaeaina ca enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae, ioeaiea noaiaie aeeyiey eciaiaiey cia/aiee ioaeaeueiuo noaoae aaeaina ia iauoth no?oeoo?o aaeaina. Aiaeec i?iecaiaeeony iiaei/ii: ioaeaeueii ?anniao?eaaaony no?oeoo?a iinoiyiiuo e oaeoueo aeoeaia, a iioii ?ann/eouaaaony eo aeiey a iaueo aeoeaao. Aiaeiae/ii enneaaeothony ianneau i?aaei?eyoey. Eniieuecoaiue eiyooeoeeaio – “O?iaaiue /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea” - iieacuaaao aeieth /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea a iaueo aeoeaao. I?eeiaeaiea ?3 Ii?yaeie aiaeeca io/aoa i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao Aeey eco/aiey io/aoa i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao (oi?ia 2, aeaeaa O2) auiieiythony neaaeothuea oaae. Ia ia?aii oaaa io/ao i oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoao i?aia?acoaony a io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao ( oaae. 4 ). I?e caiieiaiee oaaeeoeu 4 ioaeii o/eouaaoue neaaeothuea iniaaiiinoe: ?an/aou aeey eioa?aaeia, eioi?ua niioaaonoaotho ia?aiio io/aoiiio ia?eiaeo eaaeaeiai aiaea, auiieiyaony ii aeai?eoio, i?eaaaeaiiiio ieaea; ?an/aou aeey inoaeueiuo eioa?aaeia i?iaiaeyony ii iaoiaeeea oaaeeoeu 2. Aeai?eoi caiieiaiey oaaeeoeu 4 aeey ia?aiai eioa?aaea: Aeaiiua a no?ieo “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN” iinooiatho ec no?iee 010 O2. No?iea “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee aac IAeN” au/eneyaony eae ?aciinoue i?aaeuaeouae no?iee e no?ie 015, 020 e 030 O2. No?iea “Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou” au/eneyaony eae i?iecaaaeaiea no?iee 040 O2 e aeiee i?ioeaioa ia?aiaiiuo cao?ao a naaanoieiinoe, au/eneyaiie eae ?aciinoue aaeeieoeu e no?iee “Aeiey iinoiyiiuo cao?ao a naaanoieiinoe” O3. No?iea “Aaeiaay i?eaueue” au/eneyaony eae ?aciinoue aeaoo i?aaeuaeoueo no?ie. No?iea “Iinoiyiiua cao?aou” au/eneyaony eae i?iecaaaeaiea no?iee 040 O2 e no?iee “Aeiey iinoiyiiuo cao?ao a naaanoieiinoe” O3. No?iea “?anoiaeu, ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue” — ?aciinoue no?iee 070o O2 e no?ie 071o e 072o O2. No?iea “I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe” — ?aciinoue no?iee “Aaeiaay i?eaueue” e aeaoo i?aaeuaeoueo no?ie. No?iea “Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee” — ?aciinoue no?ie 060i e 060o O2. No?iea “Aeioiaeu ii oeaiiui aoiaaai e io aeieaaiai o/anoey” — ?aciinoue no?ie 071i e 071o O2. No?iea “Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu” — ?aciinoue no?ie 072i e 072o O2, No?iea “I?i/ea aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua aeioiaeu” — ?aciinoue no?iee 070i e no?ie 072i e 072i O2. No?iea “Aaeainiaay i?eaueue” — noiia no?ie io “I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe” aei “I?i/ea aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua aeioiaeu”. Cia/aiea no?iee “Iaeiae ec i?eauee” aa?aony ec no?iee 200 O2. No?iea “*enoay i?eaueue” — ?aciinoue no?ie “Aaeainiaay i?eaueue” e “Iaeiae ec i?eauee”. Aeaiiua a no?ieo “Oiaa?iiai?io” iinooiatho ec no?iee 101 O2. Aeaiiua a no?iea “Noieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiuo oiaa?ia ii iieoiiie oeaia” au/eneythony eae ?aciinoue no?ie 101 e 010 O2. Ia aoi?ii oaaa eco/aaony no?oeoo?a io/aoa i i?eaueyo e oauoeao e caiieiyaony oaaeeoea 5, eioi?ay ninoieo ec o?ao aeieia: 1. No?oeoo?iue aiaeec iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ( ca 100% i?eieiaaony au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee ). 2. No?oeoo?iue aiaeec aaeainiaie i?eauee ( ca 100% — aaeainiaay i?eaueue ). 3. Aeiiieieoaeueiua niioiioaiey: aeiey iaeiaia ec i?eauee a aaeainiaie i?eauee; aeiey /enoie i?eauee a iauae aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeai?eoi caiieiaiey ia?aiai aeiea: No?iee io “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee” aei “I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe” au/eneythony eae /anoiia no?ie io “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN” aei “I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe” e no?iea “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN” oaaeeoeu 4. Aeai?eoi caiieiaiey aoi?iai aeiea: No?iee io “Aaeainiaay i?eaueue” aei “Iaeiae ec i?eauee e aaeainiaie i?eauee” au/eneythony aeaeaieai no?iee “Aaeainiaay i?eaueue”, no?ie io “I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe” aei “I?i/ea aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua aeioiaeu” e no?iee “Iaeiae ec i?eauee” e no?iea “Aaeainiaay i?eaueue” oaaeeoeu 4. Aeai?eoi caiieiaiey o?aoueaai aeiea: No?iea “*enoay i?eaueue a iauae aeayoaeueiinoe” au/eneyaony eae /anoiia no?iee “*enoay i?eaueue” e noiiu no?iee “Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN” e no?ie io “Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee” aei “I?i/ea aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua aeioiaeu” oaaeeoeu 4. I?eeiaeaiea ?4 Oaaeeoea 4.2 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain O/?aaeaeaiey 32/1 AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 33128 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 146729523 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 41897821 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 40927 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 543718 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 189245117 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 3665476 aaainu iinoaaueeai 0 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 5253312 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 5528321 oiaa?u 62826 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 5866098 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 1002534 i?i/ea 706865 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 22085432 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 211330549 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 175003890 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 20734106 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 195737996 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 101000 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 1019767 n/aoa e iieaoa 6969376 aaainu 1395576 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 1271620 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 1383388 i?i/ea 3451826 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 15491553 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 15592553 EOIAI IANNEAIA 211330549 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 6593879 Oaaeeoea 4.3 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AIIO “Eioeanneee OeAE” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 61158 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 186431465 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 40591639 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 18821055 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 10525007 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 256430324 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 699366 aaainu iinoaaueeai 82951449 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 40635807 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 11724237 oiaa?u 311854 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 20409616 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 19786641 i?i/ea 6081530 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 182600500 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 439030824 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 205044774 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 130481282 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 335526056 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 10500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 3750341 n/aoa e iieaoa 19470095 aaainu 28015973 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 16512548 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 3116867 i?i/ea 32628444 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 103494268 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 103504768 EOIAI IANNEAIA 439030824 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 79106232 Oaaeeoea 4.4 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AIIO “Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 1043 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 32015437 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 10602859 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 40927 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 198123 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 42858389 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 298750 aaainu iinoaaueeai 0 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 2502835 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 1125402 oiaa?u 17397 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 3023716 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 85170 i?i/ea 150616 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 7203886 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 50062275 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 43706306 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 346816 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 44053122 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 131000 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 620000 n/aoa e iieaoa 861662 aaainu 1532789 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 944235 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 621121 i?i/ea 1298346 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 5878153 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 6009153 EOIAI IANNEAIA 50062275 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 1325733 Oaaeeoea 4.5 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AI “Aoiecaeaeey” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 55155 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 171051618 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 31847787 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 2313205 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 10663619 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 215931384 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 296909 aaainu iinoaaueeai 16367783 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 15101855 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 7440274 oiaa?u 312140 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 28047265 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 13935632 i?i/ea 1009950 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 82511808 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 298443192 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 192036275 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 42609702 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 234645977 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 85500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 6820443 n/aoa e iieaoa 23834006 aaainu 7347020 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 5064769 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 3196425 i?i/ea 17449052 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 63711715 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 63797215 EOIAI IANNEAIA 298443192 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 18800093 Oaaeeoea 4.6 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AI “Naaoi/” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 3231 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 6264921 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 1595424 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 193780 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 586555 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 8643911 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 146620 aaainu iinoaaueeai 6007597 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 3367734 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 921644 oiaa?u 6397 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 11166520 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 4068349 i?i/ea 687393 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 26372254 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 35016165 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 536431 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 15134074 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 15670505 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 275500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 650721 n/aoa e iieaoa 8878236 aaainu 1609273 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 2550971 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 500980 i?i/ea 4879979 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 19070160 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 19345660 EOIAI IANNEAIA 35016165 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 7302094 Oaaeeoea 4.7 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AI “Ooeaaoii?ii” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 1275 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 6886138 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 2863552 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 467350 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 937968 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 11156283 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 123925 aaainu iinoaaueeai 6017259 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 6247746 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 2369934 oiaa?u 33973 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 15822880 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 6747206 i?i/ea 1206089 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 38569012 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 49725295 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 536431 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 19978581 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 20515012 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 275500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 1550721 n/aoa e iieaoa 14598537 aaainu 3127607 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 1565955 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 1341465 i?i/ea 6750498 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 28934783 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 29210283 EOIAI IANNEAIA 49725295 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 9634229 Oaaeeoea 4.8 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AI “Iaye” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 1868 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 9831104 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 4192894 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 1806429 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 7081662 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 22913957 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 273338 aaainu iinoaaueeai 8929539 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 9363013 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 3582649 oiaa?u 167727 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 23350006 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 7687444 i?i/ea 548219 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 53901935 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 76815892 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 536431 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 33723057 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 34259488 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 160500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 4285722 n/aoa e iieaoa 18897633 aaainu 4076617 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 3722412 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 1293198 i?i/ea 10120322 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 42395904 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 42556404 EOIAI IANNEAIA 76815892 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 11506031 Oaaeeoea 4.9 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain OII “Iiaeeeiee” AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 20687 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 540922 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey 177703 aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey 518727 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 0 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 1258039 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 0 aaainu iinoaaueeai 355132 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 396695 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 0 oiaa?u 3998242 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 0 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 395945 i?i/ea 1393058 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 6539072 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 7797111 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 169855 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 34820 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 204675 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 0 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 1393500 n/aoa e iieaoa 4921858 aaainu 763981 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 485568 ?an/aou ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa 27530 i?i/ea 0 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 7592437 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 7592437 EOIAI IANNEAIA 7797112 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae -1053365 Oaaeeoea 4.10 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao O/?aaeaeaiey 32/1 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 33199020 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 27393365 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 15165854 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 1431052 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 10796459 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 6407196 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 4389263 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 96009 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu -20998 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 52849 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 4517123 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 1984313 *enoay i?eaueue 2532810 Oaaeeoea 4.11 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AIIO “Eioeanneee OeAE” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 192215480 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 178299921 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 76632800 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 3266206 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 98400915 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 47973379 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 50427536 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 2491256 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey -90 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 6860533 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 1349449 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 61128684 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 11885419 *enoay i?eaueue 49243265 Oaaeeoea 4.12 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AIIO “Eiiae?iaiaoii?ii” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 13729154 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 11220575 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 5246840 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 641376 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 5332359 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 3497894 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 1834465 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 4348 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 70595 I?i/ea aeioiaeu -32424 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 1876984 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 805185 *enoay i?eaueue 1071799 Oaaeeoea 4.13 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Aoiecaeaeey” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 56816636 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 49408923 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 22062801 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 1400851 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 25945271 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 13351004 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 12594267 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 288824 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 327888 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 13210979 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 2942080 *enoay i?eaueue 10268899 Oaaeeoea 4.14 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Naaoi/” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 14901708 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 13091621 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 4309655 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 1173084 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 7608882 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 2371980 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 5236902 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 21676 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 31286 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 2305935 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 7595799 Iaeiae ec i?eauee -13789037 *enoay i?eaueue 21384836 Oaaeeoea 4.15 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Ooeaaoii?ii” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 23313082 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 20609268 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 6510114 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 881949 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 13217205 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 3383677 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 9833528 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 15844 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 28571 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 I?i/ea aeioiaeu -2590795 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 7287148 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 1268919 *enoay i?eaueue 6018229 Oaaeeoea 4.16 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Iaye” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 32810931 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 28463543 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 12402922 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue -853111 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 16913732 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 7006972 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 9906760 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 138563 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey -54111 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 3663527 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 13654739 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 3285612 *enoay i?eaueue 10369127 Oaaeeoea 4.17 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao OII “Iiaeeeiee” Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 3319868 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 3101649 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 1580818 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue -29301 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 1550132 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 1053878 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 496254 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 0 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu -35468 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 19174 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 479960 Iaeiae ec i?eauee 132368 *enoay i?eaueue 312755 I?eeiaeaiea ?5 Oaaeeoea 4.18 Aa?aae?iaaiiue aaeain AI “Naaoi/” (oun. ?oa.) Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee 1.04.93 1.07.93 AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 886 3231 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 6149733 6264921 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieo. aeiaeaiey 1082820 1595424 aeieain?i/iua oeiai. aeiaeaiey 172480 193780 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 476296 586555 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 7882215 8643911 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 55894 146620 aaainu iinoaaueeai 1540488 6007597 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 1878487 3367734 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 792535 921644 oiaa?u 10331 6397 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 5414517 11166520 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 4483671 4068349 i?i/ea 430398 687393 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 14606321 26372254 OAUOEE 0 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 22488536 35016165 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 536431 536431 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 10789156 15134074 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 11325587 15670505 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa 330500 275500 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 749423 650721 n/aoa e iieaoa 3737262 8878236 aaainu 1204797 1609273 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 1913444 2550971 ?an/aou ii c/ie 330095 500980 i?i/ea 2897428 4879979 = Eoiai oaeoueo ianneaia 10832449 19070160 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 11162949 19345660 EOIAI IANNEAIA 22488536 35016165 *enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae 3773872 7302094 Oaaeeoea 4.19 Aiaeec eciaiaiey noaoae aaeaina AI “Naaoi/” (oun. ?oa.) Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee 1.04.93 1.07.93 AEOEA Iinoiyiiua aeoeau iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 2345 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 115188 iacaaa?oaiiua eaieo. aeiaeaiey 512604 aeieain?i/iua oeiai. aeiaeaiey 21300 i?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 110259 === Eoiai iinoiyiiuo aeoeaia 761696 Oaeouea aeoeau: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 90726 aaainu iinoaaueeai 4467109 i?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 1489247 aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 129109 oiaa?u -3934 n/aoa e iieo/aieth 5752003 aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa -415322 i?i/ea 256995 === Eoiai oaeoueo aeoeaia 11765933 OAUOEE 0 EOIAI AEOEAIA 12527629 IANNEA Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa: onoaaiue eaieoae 0 iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 4344918 === Eoiai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 4344918 Caaiiua n?aaenoaa: aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa -55000 e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou -98702 n/aoa e iieaoa 5140974 aaainu 404476 ?an/aou ii iaeiaai 637527 ?an/aou ii c/ie e io/eneai. 170885 i?i/ea 1982551 = Eoiai oaeouea ianneau 8237711 === Eoiai caaiiuo n?aaenoa 8182711 EOIAI IANNEAIA 12527629 Oaaeeoea 4.20 No?oeoo?a aaeaina AI “Naaoi/” Iaeiaiiaaiey iiceoeee 1.04.93 1.07.93 NO?OEOO?A IINOIssIIUO AEOEAIA Iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau 0,0% 0,0% Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa 78,0% 72,5% Iacaaa?oaiiua eaieo. aeiaeaiey 13,7% 18,5% Aeieain?i/iua oeiai. aeiaeaiey 2,2% 2,2% I?i/ea iaiai?ioiua aeoeau 6,0% 6,8% === Eoiai 100,0% 100,0% Aeiey a iaueo aeoeaao 35,0% 24,7% NO?OEOO?A OAEOUEO AEOEAIA Iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai 0,4% 0,6% Aaainu iinoaaueeai 10,5% 22,8% I?iecaiaenoa. caianu e IAI 12,9% 12,8% Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 5,4% 3,5% Oiaa?u 0,1% 0,0% N/aoa e iieo/aieth 37,1% 42,3% Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa 30,7% 15,4% I?i/ea 2,9% 2,6% === Eoiai 100,0% 100,0% Aeiey a iaueo aeoeaao 65,0% 75,3% OAUOEE 0,0% 0,0% NO?OEOO?A EIAANOE?IAAIIIAI EAIEOAEA Onoaaiue eaieoae 4,6% 3,4% Iaeiieaiiue eaieoae 92,6% 94,9% Aeieain?i/iia oeiaine?iaaiea 2,8% 1,7% === Eoiai eiaanoe?iaaiiue eaieoae 100,0% 100,0% Aeiey a iaueo ianneaao 51,8% 45,5% NO?OEOO?A OAEOUEO IANNEAIA E?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou 6,9% 3,4% N/aoa e iieaoa 34,5% 46,6% Aaainu 11,1% 8,4% ?an/aou n athaeaeaoii 17,7% 13,4% ?an/aou ii c/ie e io/eneaieyi 3,0% 2,6% I?i/ea oaeouea ianneau 26,7% 25,6% === Eoiai 100,0% 100,0% Aeiey a iaueo ianneaao 48,2% 54,5% O?iaaiue /enoiai iai?ioiiai eaieoaea 16,8% 20,9% I?eeiaeaiea ?6 Oaaeeoea 4.21 Io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Naaoi/” (oun. ?oa.) Iaeiaiiaaiea iiceoeee Eaa?oaeu 1 2 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee n IAeN 14901708 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 13091621 Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 4309655 ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 1173084 Aaeiaay i?eaueue 7608882 Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 2371980 I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 5236902 Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 21676 Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 31286 Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0 I?i/ea aeioiaeu 2305935 Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 7595799 Iaeiae ec i?eauee -13789037 *enoay i?eaueue 21384836 Oiaa?iiai?io 0 Noieiinoue ?aaeeciaaiiuo oiaa?ia ii iieoiiie oeaia 0 Oaaeeoea 4.22 No?oeoo?a io/aoa i i?eaueyo e oauoeao AI “Naaoi/” Iaeiaiiaaiea iiceoeee Eaa?oaeu 1 2 Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee 113,8% Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee (aac IAeN) 100,0% Ia?aiaiiua cao?aou 32,9% Aaeiaay i?eaueue 58,1% Iinoiyiiua cao?aou 18,1% ?anoiaeu ia aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue 9,0% I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 40,0% Aaeainiaay i?eaueue 100,0% I?eaueue io iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe 68,9% Aeioiaeu io i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee 0,3% Aeioiaeu ii OeA e io aeieaaiai o/anoey 0,4% Aeioiaeu io eo?niaie ?acieoeu 0,0% I?i/ea aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua aeioiaeu 30,4% Iaeiae ec i?eauee e aaeainiaie i?eauee -181,5% *enoay i?eaueue a iauae aeayoaeueiinoe 123,9% PAGE 115 PAGE 2 PAGE 171 PAGE 180 Oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiay a?oiia Noauaeo oi?aaeaiey Noauaeo oi?aaeaiey EO OA AA Oaoiieiae/aneay oeaii/ea Aeiaaaeaiea ieaiia e ae?oaeo oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee Aeiaaaeaiea ieaiia e ae?oaeo oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee I?aaei?eyoea 1 I?aaei?eyoea 2 – oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey I?aaei?eyoea N Auoiae Auoiae Aoiae Aoiae EO EO AA Ieaie?iaaiea I?aaiecaoeey Iioeaaoeey Eiio?ieue Au?aaioea oeaeae Ieaie?iaaiea aeaenoaee I?iaa?ea e ioeaiea ?aaiou Ei??aeoe?othuea ia?u ?acoeueoaou(iieiaeeoaeueiua) Ea/anoaaiiua oiaa?u e oneoae Oi?aaeaiea i?eaueueth e cao?aoaie Caiyoinoue Nioeeaeueiua auaiaeu ?acoeueoaou (io?eoeaoaeueiua) Aeaoaeou Oeiainiaua iioa?e Aac?aaioeoea Nioeeaeueiua iineaaenoaey Naycue I?eiyoea ?aoaiee ?oeiaiaenoai Ieaie?iaaiea I?aaiecaoeey Iioeaaoeey Eiio?ieue ?ano?nu Iaoa?eaeu O?oae Eaieoae Yia?aey Eioi?iaoeey Noaaeee 3 - N-1 Noaaeey 2 Noaaeey N Noaaeey 1 I?aaei?eyoea O21 I?aaei?eyoea ON1 I?aaei?eyoea O11 Oi?aaeythuay eiiiaiey Eiiaiaea 4 Eiiaiaea 1 Eiiaiaea 3 Eiiaiaea 2 I?ioeann 41 I?ioeann 31 I?ioeann 21 I?ioeann 11 AI «Aoiecaeaeey» AI «Naaoi/» AIIO «Eiiae?iai-aoii?ii» OII «Iiaeeeiee» Eioeanneee OeAE O/?aaeaeaiea 32/1 Ieeiiaoa-?eaeu Oeaeetheica Oao?aaee AI «Ooeaaoii?ii» Oao?aaee Aoiaaa Ean AI «Iaye»

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