Aeey oiai /oiau ynii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa yiiineee noeeue oi?aaeaiey
ia?niiaeii, iaiaoiaeei eiie?aoiue i?eia?, iicaieythuee, /oi iacuaaaony,
ii/oanoaiaaoue yoio noeeue. Iiaeaeoe, eo/oa anaai iiaeoiaeeo aeey
aeaiiie oeaee oe?ia “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee”, nenoaia oi?aaeaiey a eioi?ie
yaeyaony a iaeioi?ii ?iaea yoaeiiii.
Yeaeo?ioaoie/aneay oe?ia “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee” aoiaeeo a /enei 50
e?oiiaeoeo i?iiuoeaiiuo eiiiaiee eaieoaeenoe/aneiai ie?a. Aa i?iaeoeoeey
?aaeecoaony naaiaeiy i?aeoe/anee ai anao oaieeao caiiiai oa?a. Aeaaea
i?inoia oiiieiaiea i “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee” aoaeeo a yiiineeo aecianiaiao
/oanoai aeaaiaiaaeiie caaanoe, iaoaea?aeeioth oyao ei anaio oiio, /oi
iau/ii iacuaatho “iaoiaeaie oi?aaeaiey Iaoeoneoa”.
Iniiaaoaeai oe?iu yaeyaony Eiiiney Iaoeoneoa. Aai o?oaeiaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia/aeanue a iaaieueoie aaeineiaaeiie ianoa?neie, aaea ii
?aaioae o/aieeii ianoa?a ia ieca?ioth ieaoo. Eoi ciaao, eae au
neiaeeeinue aeeciue yoiai /aeiaaea, anee au ii ia i?ineuoae i?i Oiiana
Yaeeniia, eioi?ue, eae ecaanoii, caieiaeny ecia?aoaoaeuenoaii e
iaeiia?aiaiii i?aaieciaae ianoa?neea ii ecaioiaeaieth ?ac?aaioaiiuo ei
ono?ienoa. Iaoeoneoa i?iieeny iaiiaeaeaeueiie ethaiaueth e
ecia?aoaoaeuenoao e ?aoee ioe?uoue nianoaaiiia aeaei ii i?eia?o
Yaeeniia. Anei?a ii aua?inee ia ?uiie naia ia?aia ecaeaeea. Yoi auea
oniaa?oainoaiaaiiay yeaeo?e/aneay ?icaoea, eioi?ay aaei/eaaeanue a
yeaeo?iiao?ii. Niauoea yoi i?iecioei a 1918 a., a /a?ac aeanyoue eao
yeaeo?ioaoie/aneay eiiiaiey “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee” noaea caaeaaaoue oii a
iiaie io?anee yiiineie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Nai Eiiiney Iaoeoneoa aeiaeee aei
aeoaieie noa?inoe. Aeaaea eiaaea aio auei aeaeaei ca ainaiueaeanyo, ii
inouanoaeye iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ?oeiaiaenoai eiiiaieae.
A naiae i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe E. Iaoeoneoa auaeaeioe
?yae oi?aaeai/aneeo i?eioeeiia, iaania/eaaaoeo aio aunieea i?eauee. E
aeaaiui n?aaee ieo aue i?eioeei oiaeiai oi?aaeaiey ia?niiaeii. *aeiaae n
aai neaainoyie e aiciiaeiinoyie aue iiiauai a naiue oeaio?
oi?aaeai/aneie eiioeaioeee. Iiaeaeoe, eae ieeoi ae?oaie a ssiiiee,
Iaoeoneoa iniciae iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeoaieiai, ananoi?iiiaai eco/aiey
anao oiieinoae ia?auaiey n /aeiaaeii eae n eeth/aaui yeaiaioii
yeiiiie/aneiai iaoaiecia, ii yeaiaioii o?oieei, ioiineoaeueii
iaiaaeaaeiui, o?aaothuei aacoi?a/ii ioeaaeaiiiai oi?aaeai/aneiai
eiio?iey.
Aua a 30-o aiaeao, eiaaea a oe?ia ian/eouaaeinue i?eia?ii 1600
?aaioieeia, Iaoeoneoa i?eaeae aieiaiea yiiineeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeae e
/aeiaa/aneiio oaeoi?o. Aeaaiaea?y aai eaeayi a yiiineie nenoaia
oi?aaeaiey neiaeeeanue no?iai ea?a?oe/iay o?eaaea i?ei?eoaoia –
/aeiaae, oeiainu, oaoiieiaey. Iiaa?oiinoiue iaaethaeaoaeue aia?aua
iinauathuee yiiineoth oe?io, ia?auaao aieiaiea i?aaeaea anaai ia
oaoiieiaeth. Ii oniao?eaaao a iae ia?aii?e/eio oniaoia. Iaeiaei yoi
iaiai/eaia aia/aoeaiuea, oioy, ?acoiaaony, a iuiaoieo oneiaeyo
iaaiciiaeii iaieoenue aac ia?aieeanniie oaoieee e oaoiieiaee.
Oaoiieiaey caieiaao iiae/eiaiiia iieiaeaiea, a ia ia?aii ianoa –
ia?niiae. Oae anaaaea ioeaieaae aai ?ieue Iaoeoneoa, oae aai ioeaieaatho
nae/an ana yiiineea i?aaei?eieiaoaee.
Aua ia ca?a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe E.Iaoeoneoa na?ueacii
caieiaeny i?iaeaiie niioiioaiey oeaio?aeecaoeee e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee
oi?aaeaiey, i?eieiae eiie?aoiua ia?u a iieneao iioeioia. A i?eioeeia ii
n/eoae yoo i?iaeaio ia?ac?aoeiie e aunooiae iniaaiii yia?ae/ii i?ioea
/?acia?iiai oeeiia a oo eee ae?oaoth noi?iio. A eiioeaioeee E. Iaoeoneoa
oeaio?aeecaoeey e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey i?enoonoaotho a oe?iaiiii
oi?aaeaiee ia ia?eoaoiuo ia/aeao, auaeaeaaynue ia ia?aua ?iee a
caaeneiinoe io neooaoeee. Oae, ia yoaia iineaaiaiiiai ainnoaiiaeaiey
yiiineie yeiiiieee (1945-1954) Iaoeoneoa ioaeaaae i?aaeii/oaiea
oeaio?aeecaoeee. Oe?ia, ii aai iiaieth, ioaeaeaeanue a oaa?aeii
?oeiaiaenoaa, e oeaio?aeueiay ooaa-eaa?oe?a acyea ia naay caaioo
aoeaaeueii i anao iaei/ao oe?iaiiiai auoey. Eiaaea yeiiiieea
inoaaeea iicaaee aeiaiaiiua ?oaaaee e eiiiaiey i?enooieea e inaiaieth
aiaoieo ?uieia (1955-1960), Iaoeoneoa iioae ia oe?ieoth
aeaoeaio?aeecaoeeth eioi?ay iaania/eea aiciiaeiinoe niaeiai
iaiaa?e?iaaiey ethaeueie, ?ano?naie e i?iaeoeoeeae. A ia?eiae,
iineaaeiaaaoee ca iaooyiui e?ecenii (1973 a.), Iaoeoneoa aiiaue
i?eiyeny oe?aieyoue oeaio?aeeciaaiiua ia/aea.
Oaeou oaaaeeoaeueii naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi E. Iaoeoneoa
iaeciaiii e eaoaai?e/anee ioeacuaaeny aeaeaoue a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?a oe?iu iaeia ?ac e iaanaaaea canouaaiea ia?aciaaiea. Ethaia
aa caaii anaaaea auei ioe?uoi aeey ia?ano?ieee. A 1959 a., iai?eia?, ii
o/?aaeee niaa?oaiii iiaue aeey oeaio?aeueiiai aiia?aoa oe?iu aeaaiue
niaao. A niaao e?iia iaai aioee aua aeaa /eaia. Iaeiiio ec ieo auee
ii?o/aiu oaeouea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iia?aoeee e iia?aoeee ia aioo?aiiai
?uiea, aoi?iio – oeiainiaua iia?aoeee e iia?aoeee ia aiaoieo ?uieao. Nai
aea Iaoeoneoa caiyeny aeieain?i/iui ieaie?iaaieai. *eaiu niaaoa
iieueciaaeenue iieiie naiaiaeie aeaenoaee, Iaoeoneoa ii?ith inoaaaeny a
oaie. Iaeiaei ii ci?ei neaaeee ca aeayoaeueiinoueth oe?iu e a o?oaeiuo
neooaoeeyo anyeee ?ac anoaaae o ?oey.
A 1971 a. Iaoeoneoa neiaeee n naay iieiiii/ey i?aceaeaioa e noae
i?aaenaaeaoaeai niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia. Iiyoiio iiaiaeo ii ienae: “Eiaaea
oe?ia iaaiiyao a ?inoa naieo iniiaaoaeae, aicieeaao iianiinoue canoiy.
Eiaiii yoi noaei oaia?ue iuouaoueny a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey; ana oiiaatho
ia naiaai aiaeaey, e y ii/oanoaiaae, /oi aeaea iioee ia nianai aeaaeei.
Iaeuecy ana a?aiy iaeeaeaoue, /oi neaaeao ?oeiaiaeeoaeue. Eiaiii ii
yoiio y ?aoee neiaeeo n naay naie iieiiii/ey e ia?aaeaoue a?acaeu
i?aaeaiey naiaio i?aaiieeo”.
Iaeiaei a 1977a., a ia?eiaea i/a?aaeiuo cao?oaeiaiee, ii aiiaue
aa?ioeny e iia?aoeaiiio ?oeiaiaenoao e ia?aoaniaae aunoee yoaeii
oi?aaeaiey oe?iie. Iaoeoneoa ieii/aoaeueii oaeaeeeny io aeae a aic?anoa
86 eao.
Eaeiau aea oa /a?ou, eioi?ua auioeei oa?aeoa?ecotho noeeue oi?aaeaiey
E. Iaoeoneoa ?
Ai-ia?auo, yoi aeoeaiinoue a iciaeiieaiee n ninoiyieai aeae ai anao
iiae?acaeaeaieyo oe?iu, n ooieoeeiie?iaaieai anao aa neoaea.
Aeaoaeueiaeoaa iciaeiieaiea n aeieoiaioaoeeae, ano?a/e e oaeaoiiiua
ia?aaiai?u iinoiyiii iicaieyee Iaoeoneoa “aea?aeaoue iaeaoe ia ioeuena
niauoee”. Iaianuoiay iio?aaiinoue i?aceaeaioa a eioi?iaoeee iaaeaaeii
no?aoiaaea iaiaaeaea?ia io i?aa?auaiey a eaaeiaoiuo ?aaioieeia,
iiaoaeaeaea eo e ee/iiio i?enoonoaeth a “ai?y/eo oi/eao” i?iecaiaenoaa.
Aio noi?ioee?iaaiiay ei eeiey iiaaaeaiey iaiaaeaea?a: “Eiaaea o oaay a
iiae/eiaiee 100 /aeiaae, ou aeieaeai anaaaea auoue n?aaee ieo, eiaaea
1000 – iiaeaoue caiyoue ianoi a oeaio?a, anee aea ou ?oeiaiaeeoue 10
000, aoaeue ia iaeioi?ii oaeaeaiee, ii oai, ioeoaea anao aeaeii.
Aoi?ay /a?oa aai noeey – ianoie/eaia no?aieaiea e oiio, /oiau
?aaioieee oe?iu niaa?oainoaiaaee naia i?ioanneiiaeueiia ianoa?noai.
Eae naeaeaoaeuenoaoao iaeei ec nio?oaeieeia Iaoeoneoa, ana iauaiea n
iaiaaeaea?aie ii iiae/eiye oeaee “?acaeoey auaeathueony niiniaiinoae o
i?aeeia?iuo ethaeae”. I?aneaaeoy yoo oeaeue, ii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeny
i?eioeeiaie yiiineie ia?iaeiie iaaeaaiaeee, i?iaicaeaoathuae, /oi
“oneae/eainoue e eioaineaiay ?aaioa iaae niaie anaaaea aaaeoo e
oniaoo”.
O?aoueae /a?oie noeey E. Iaoeoneoa neaaeoao i?eciaoue yia?ae/iia
iiiu?aiea eieoeeaoeau. Aac eieoeeaoeau, n/eoae ii, iaeuecy a
nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ?oeiaiaeeoue i?iecaiaenoaii. Io oao, eoi anaaaea
aeaeae iiaeneacee eee eino?oeoeee, Iaoeoneoa noa?aeny ecaaaeyoueny.
Iaeiiaoe, /aoaa?oay /a?oa – anaia?iia iiiu?aiea aeeneonnee n?aaee
iaiaaeaea?ia ia i?aaeiao iienea eo/oaai ec aiciiaeiuo ?aoaiee. I?e yoii
Iaoeoneoa neaaeee, /oiau aeeneonnee ia ia?ooaee ii?iu yiiineie naiaeiie
yoeee: “Ioae e AEaia nii?yo ia aeey oiai, /oiau ?acieoenue, a aeey
oiai, /oiau iaeoe eae iiaeii aieueoa oi/ae naeeaeaiey”.
Nicaeaaony aia/aoeaiea, /oi Iaoeoneoa aiaae?ee a naiae oe?ia
niaoeeoe/aneoth oeeinioeth ainieoaiey aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae ?aaioieeia,
eioi?ay ?ani?ino?aieeanue, a nouiinoe, ia anth no?aio. Ai iiiaii yoi
iauyniyaony oai, /oi ii niaea?aeaieth oeeinioey yoa aeoaiei
iaoeeiiaeueiay, e a /anoiinoe oanii naycaia n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie
?aeeaeiciuie
e eaeaieiae/aneeie nenoaiaie.
Ecaanoii, /oi yiiineay iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aeeaey i?iieoaia
iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneei aeooii. A iae caeiaeaiu eaeae, iiaoaeaeathuea
yiiioeaa a iniciaieth naiae i?e/anoiinoe e iauaiaoeeiiaeueiui eioa?anai.
Enoi?e/anee yiiioeo aiooaee iuneue i oii, /oi a naiae
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe ii aeieaeai i?aaeaea anaai caaioeoueny i
“iaiieiaiee iaoeeiiaeueiiai
ninoaea”. A nayce n yoei ii i?eaue ?anniao?eaaoue “iauaiaoeeiiaeueiua”,
o. a. ainoaea?noaaiiua, ono?aieaiey eae naie nianoaaiiua.
Iaoeoneoa oiaei ainiieueciaaeny yoei ie?iaicc?aieai naieo
niioa/anoaaiieeia e a ?ac?aaioaiiie ei ainieoaoaeueiie nenoaia naeaeae
aeoeaio ia i?iiaaaiaea i?yiie nayce iaaeaeo i?ioeaaoaieai oe?iu e
i?ioeaaoaieai eaaeaeiai ?aaioieea e yiiineie iaoeee a oeaeii. Yoa
eaeay iaoea io?aaeaiea a oe?iaiiii aeiia, eioi?ue eaaeaeue aeaiue a
ainaiue /ania oo?a iiao i?eia?ii 200 oun. ?aaioieeia:
Iauaaeeiei iaoe neeu e ?acoi,
Naeaeaai ana ai eiy i?ioeaaoaiey i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ionoue iaoe oiaa?u oaeoo e ia?iaeai anaai ie?a.
Ionoue oaeoo iie aani?a?uaii e aa/ii,
Eae aiaea ec ianeii/aaiiai oiioaia.
?anoe, eiaeono?ey, ?anoe, ?anoe!
Aea cae?aanoaoao aa?iiiey e /anoiinoue!
Aea cae?aanoaoao “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee!”
Nenoaia iiaeaioiaee ?aaioieeia a eiiiaiee “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee”
neeaaeuaaaony, ai-ia?auo, ec i?ioanneiiaeueiiai iao/aiey, a ai-aoi?uo,
ec inaiaiey oe?iaiiiai eiaeaena iiaaaeaiey. Onaaeaay oe?iaiiue eiaeaen
iiaaaeaiey, aiiaue iaiyoua ?aaioieee iinauatho niaoeeaeueiua caiyoey,
ia eioi?uo ei aiooatho: “Anee ou niaa?oee neo/aeioth ioeaeo, oe?ia
i?inoeo oaay. Anee aea ou ionooiee io ii?aeueiiai eiaeaena oe?iu, oaaa
iao i?iuaiey”.
Aio yoio eiaeaen: “Iaoe i?eioeeiu. Iniciaiey naiae ioaaonoaaiiinoe a
aeaea i?ia?anna e i?eoiiiaeaiey aeaaininoiyiey iaoaai iauanoaa.
Iinayuaiea naay aeaeueiaeoaio ?acaeoeth ie?iaie oeeaeeecaoeee.
Iaoa e?aaei. I?ia?ann oeeaeeecaoeee – yoi ia aano?aeoeey. Ana iu
niaianoiuie oneeeyie aiinei a iaai naith eaioo. Eaaeaeue ec ian aeieaeai
iinoiyiii iiiieoue yoi. Anaia?iay i?aaeaiiinoue oe?ia – eeth/ e oniaoo.
Iaoe aeooiaiua oeaiiinoe: 1) Neoaeaiea iaoeee iooai niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa; 2) /anoiinoue; 3) aa?iiiey e
nio?oaeie/anoai; 4) ai?ueaa ca ea/anoai; 5) aeinoieinoai e iiae/eiaiea;
a) eaeaioeoeeaoeey n oe?iie; 7) aeaaiaea?iinoue oe?ia”.
Eiaeaen iiaaaeaiey i?aaeiacia/ai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeey
ineoieiae/aneie caeaeee ?aaioieea. Iaoeoneoa n/eoae, /oi iaiaaeaea?u
anao caaiueaa iaycaiu ia oieueei oynieoue aai niune aeey naieo naay,
ii e aiaae?eoue aai eaeae a niciaiea iiae/eiaiiuo. ?aaioiee oe?iu,
ene?aiia aini?eiyaoee yoe eaeae, niiniaai, ii oaaaeaeaieth E.
Iaoeoneoa, ia
iaeneiaeueioth o?oaeiioaea/o, ia i?iyaeaiea oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie
eieoeeaoeau, ia aeiaeeaeaynue oeacaiee naa?oo.
N naiiai ia/aea naiae aeayoaeueiinoe E. Iaoeoneoa oyniee, /oi oeaia
ethaiai i?aaei?eyoey ?aaia oeaia aai /aeiaa/aneiai oaeoi?a: aac
iaaeeaaeauei ia?acii iiaeeeciaaiiiai /aeiaa/aneiai oaeoi?a i?aaiecaoeey
?acaaeeaaaony.
N oeaeueth iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiiai iiauoaiey o?iaiy eiiiaoaioiinoe
?aaioieeia, aeoeaecaoeee caeiaeaiiiai a ieo oai?/aneiai iioaioeeaea
inouanoaeyaony iai?a?uaiay ?ioaoeey. A oe?ia “Iaoeoneoa aeyiee” eaaeaeue
aiae 5% nio?oaeieeia ia?aa?anuaaaony n iaeiiai i?ioeey ?aaiou ia
ae?oaie. *oi eanaaony iaiaaeaea?ia, oi yoa oeeo?a aeioiaeeo aei 1/3 eo
/eneaiiinoe. Aiaeec eoiaia ?ioaoeee aiineo nouanoaaiiue aeeaae a
?aoaiea i?iaeaiu yooaeoeaiie ?annoaiiaee eaae?ia, /aio Iaoeoneoa
i?eaeaaae ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea. “Iinoaaeoue /aeiaaea ia naia ianoi, –
aiai?ee ii, – cia/eo iieo/eo io iaai iaeneiaeueioth ioaea/o”.
Eoae, aeaeay auaiae anaio auoa neacaiiiio y oioae au iacaaoue
ioee/eoaeueiua iniaaiiinoe yiiineiai iaiaaeaeiaioa: yiiineea
oi?aaeaioeu ia?auatho aeaaiia aieiaiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea ioaeiiai iano?iy
o ?aaioieeia. ssiiineay oe?ia no?aieony nicaeaoue aeey ?aaioieeia
niaoeeoe/aneoth aoiinoa?o, a eioi?ie ii iuouae au naay caueuaiiui e
iiaeaaiui, a oaeaea niiniaiui ?aaeeciaaoue naie aeeciaiiua iaia?aiey.
ssiiineea iaiaaeaea?u iiieiatho oi?aaeaiea eae aeayoaeueiinoue, oanii
naycaiioth n oii?yaei/aieai iiaaaeaiey ethaeae. Aeey iaiaaeaea?a yoi
iai?a?uaiue i?ioeann ?aaiou n?aaee naieo iiae/eiaiiuo, eioi?ue, a
nouiinoe, ia eiaao a?aiaiiuo ?aiie, eai, ii yiiineei ii?iai, iao
i?aaeaea aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey.
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