?inneeneay Yeiiiie/aneay Aeaaeaiey eiaie A.A.Ieaoaiiaa
Eaoaae?a Oeiainia e oeai
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ia oaio
?aoeeiiaeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia eae iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo aniaeoia
nenoaiu oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa (ia i?eia?a e?aaeeoii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
iaania/aiey eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie e no?aoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie
eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia).
Auiieiee:
nooaeaio
4 eo?na
EOANAe
a?. 2407
Ei/ai
Na?aae
Iineaa, 1996 aiae.
NIAeA?AEAIEA.
1. AAAAeAIEA.
2. EIIIAAOeEIIIIA EIAANOE?IAAIEA E AAI IAOAIECI.
2.1. Eiaanoeoeee e eiiiaaoeee.
2.2. Eiiiaaoeeiiii-iaanoeoeeiiiay oaeoeea i?aaiecaoeee.
2.3. Eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiue iaoaieci.
2.4. Au?aaioea eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie no?aoaae/aneie
iieeoeee.
2.5. Iaeaieaa i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey o?aaoee?iaaiey i?iaeaii
eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
3. E?AAeEOII-EIAANOEOeEIIIIA IAANIA*AIEA IAO*IUO I?IAEOIA.
3.1. Ianoiyuaa iieiaeaiea aeae ia e?aaeeoii-eiaanoeoeeiiiii ?uiea.
3.2. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue nenoaiaoecaoeee e eiiieaeniinoe ?aoaiey
i?iaeaii.
3.3. Nenoaia ioai?a iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo e eiieo?aioiiniiniaiuo
iiaiaaaaeaiiee.
3.4. Iioeaaoeey eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee (eae
aioo?aiieo, oae e aiaoieo) e eiaanoe?iaaieth.
3.5. Oi?ie?iaaiea ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u ii ioneaaeeaaieth IEIE?.
4. CAEETH*AIEA.
5. EEOA?AOO?A.
1. AAAAeAIEA.
Eae ecaanoii ec oeiainiaie eeoa?aoo?u, iiae oeiainiaui iaiaaeaeiaioii
iiae?acoiaaaaony ni/aoaiea no?aoaae/aneeo e oaeoe/aneeo iiiaioia
oeiainiaiai iaania/aiey i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, iicaieythueo oi?aaeyoue
ia?iiiuie aeaiaaeiuie iioieaie e iaoiaeeoue iioeiaeueiua aeaiaaeiua
?aoaiey. I?e yoii, ia oaeeaeoaeueii, /oi iniiaiui aniaeoii ?aaeecaoeee
aeaiiie nenoaiu ia eiie?aoiii i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao aa niioiioaiea n
i?eaueueth yoiai i?aaei?eyoey.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?eaueue aunooiaao a aeaiiii neo/aa a ea/anoaa
oiai ecia/aeueiiai iiiaioa, io eioi?iai iooaeeeaaaony ethaia
?oeiaiaenoai i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiey i oie eee eiie oi?ia (no?oeoo?a)
oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa ia naiai i?aaei?eyoee, ii?aaeaeyy oai naiui
cia/aiea, eioi?ia ii aoaeao ea?aoue a aeecie i?aaei?eyoey.
Yoi, a naith i/a?aaeue, iicaieyao ?oeiaiaenoao au/eaieoue oaeoi?u,
ii?aaeaeythuea no?oeoo?o i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey, e iinoaaeoue iiae/eiaiiui
caaea/o ii eo aeaoaeueiie i?i?aaioea e, eae ?acoeueoao, oi?ie?iaaieth ia
i?aaei?eyoee nenoaiu oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?oeiaiaenoai, a caaeneiinoe io nianoaaiiiai iniciaiey
nouanoaothueo a oe?ia ?aaeee e niiniaiinoae e eo aiaeeco, au?aaaouaaao
?aoaiea oiai eee eiiai ea/anoaa, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiaeao
io?aaoee?iaaoue iaoaieci ieaie?iaaiey e ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?eauee.
Eiaiii iiyoiio aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaey, i?eieiathuaai ?aoaiea i aeaeueiaeoai
?acaeoee oe?iu, iaeaieaa aaaeiui aniaeoii aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey aunooiaao ii?aaeaeaiea enoi/ieeia aiciiaeiie i?eauee
i?aaei?eyoey, auaii? iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo ec ieo, eiioeaio?aoeey ia
ieo iniiaiuo oneeee, aiaeec aiciiaeiinoe eo eniieueciaaiey a oiaea
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a oie eee eiie oi?ia e, eae ?acoeueoao,
ieaie?iaaiea aeaiiiai eniieueciaaiey.
I?e yoii, ?oeiaiaenoai, ia aaca acaeiiioiioaiey n eieeaeoeaii ii
eniieueciaaieth aua?aiiuo enoi/ieeia i?eauee,eae i?aaeei, noa?aaony
au?aaioaoue iniaue i?eioeei iino?iaiey i?eauee ia aeaiiii eiie?aoiii
i?aaei?eyoee. *aua anaai yoei i?eioeeiii yaeyaony i?eioeei oeiainiaiai
naiiiaania/aiey.
A aeaiiie nayce, iaeaieaa cia/eiui iiiaioii aeey ?aaeecaoeee ?aoaiey
i?eiyoiai, ?oeiaiaenoaii a oiaea aai acaeiiioiioaiee n eieeaeoeaii,
yaeyaony ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia i?aaei?eyoey,
iieo/aaiuo ec ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeaiiuo enoi/ieeia, iaiai?aiiuo auoa. I?e
yoii, eiaanoeoeee, iniiaaiiua ia ?enea e ieaie?iaaiee eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee
aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey e iai?aaeaiiua ia eeeaeaeiinoue, aeioiaeiinoue e
?aioaaaeueiinoue aai aeayoaeueiinoe ia ?uiea, aunooiatho eae iaeei ec
aaaeiaeoeo iaoaieciia oi?aaeaiey aicieeathueie ai aiaoiae n?aaea ?eneaie
e ieaie?iaaiey ii?iu i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey i?e iiiiue aiaeeca
yooaeoeaiinoe eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee e, eae ?acoeueoao, eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
i?iaeoe?iaaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, iu iiaeai auaeaeeoue i?ioeann eiaanoe?iaaiey a ?aieao
aeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu oeiainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioa ia i?aaei?eyoee eae
iniiaiie e?eoa?ee ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia i?aaei?eyoey
a oneiaeyo ?enea e iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe aai aeayoaeueiinoe ia ?uiea, a
oaeaea iaicia/eoue oaio aeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaiou.
2. EIIIAAOeEIIIIA EIAANOE?IAAIEA E AAI IAOAIECI.
2.1. Eiaanoeoeee e eiiiaaoeee.
Eiaanoeoeee, eae ecaanoii, yaeythony iaeiei ec iaeaieaa aaaeiuo
iieacaoaeae aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaa a oeaeii. Iiyoiio,
?anniio?aiea aeaiiiai iiiaioa n oi/ee c?aiey eiiieaeniinoe e nenoaiiinoe
aeaenoaey aai yeaiaioia a iauae no?oeoo?a ?uiea eiae/iaa auei au ia/aoue
n ?anniio?aiee eiaanoeoeee ai acaeiiioiioaiee n eaeie-eeai eiie, ii
i/aiue aeeceie ei ii nooe aaee/eiie.
A aeaiiii neo/aa oaeie “aaee/eiie“ iiaeii n/eoaoue eiiiaaoeee.
Eiaanoeoeee e eiiiaaoeee i/aiue aeeceea iaeanoe ?uiea, a,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaay eiaanoeoeeiiiay oaeoeea, eioi?oth i?aneaaeoao
oe?ia, aoaeao iaiin?aaenoaaiii iai?aaeyoue eiiiaaoeeiiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee a oo aea oeaeaaoth iaeanoue aa
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia nae?ao i?e yoii, /oi a ea/anoaa ?ano?niiai iaania/aiey /aoeinoe
eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiie oaeoeee iiaeao aunooiaoue eeoue nicaeaiea
eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia e aai aiaeec n iineaaeothuei
oi?ie?iaaieai no?aoiaie i?aaiecaoeeae eee aaieii
eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiie no?aoaae/aneie iieeoeee, /oi a eiia/iii
eoiaa aeeieaeii aoaeao i?aaanoe e o?aaoee?iaaieth a oie eee eiie noaiaie
i?iaeaii eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe a ?O, a oaeaea
?ac?aoaieth a aeieaeiie ia?a eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeaii. anoathueo ia?aae
no?aoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie eee eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie a oiaea
inouanoaeaiey eie i?ioeanna eiaanoe?iaaiey.
A aeaiiii ?aoa?aoa i?iecaaaeaia iiiuoea ioeaiee ?uiea e i?eaeaiey ia
yoie iniiaa oeaiiinoiuo e oeaeaauo i?eaioe?ia no?aoiaui i?aaiecaoeeyi e
eiiia?/aneei aaieai a oneiaeyo aeanoeie ?uii/iie iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe.
Eiaanoeoeee e eiiiaaoeee – aeaa ia?ac?uaii naycaiiua noa?u yeiiiie/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua a iaeaieueoae ia?a auee e inoathony ii?aaeaiu
e?ecenii. Oieueei ca 1992 – 1993 aa. eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey a ieo
nie?aoeeenue ia 49%, eee a 1,7 ?aca aieueoa, /ai aaeiaie aioo?aiiee
i?iaeoeo. Iauay neooaoeey ia ?uieea neiaeeeanue oae, /oi eiiiaaoeee,
i?aaeaea inouanoaeyaoeany ca n/ao oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia, naaeenue
e ie/oiaeii iaeie aaee/eia, a oi a?aiy, eae eiaanoeoeee, iaieaaeaaoea
aioo?aiiae no?oeoo?ie, iioa?yee aa e noaee inouanoaeyoueny aanii?yaei/ii
e iai?aaieciaaiii, noeioee?oy oieueei e?aoein?i/iua oeaee eiaanoi?ia.
Auoiae ec aeaiiie neooaoeee aeaeeony oieueei iaeei : i?aiaeaeaiea
neiaeeaoaainy yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena iaaiciiaeii aac
eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai “aoia”, iaiiaeaiey iniiaiiai eaieoaea ia
i?eioeeieaeueii iiaie, eiieo?aioiniiniaiie iniiaa. Neaaeiaaoaeueii,
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey aac eiiiaaoeee ia eiatho niunea, iineieueeo iao niunea
aini?iecaiaeeoue onoa?aaoaa iai?oaeiaaiea, ia iieuecothuaany ni?inii e e
oiio aea ?ano?ni?anoi/eoaeueiia. Iaeiaei, e eiiiaaoeee aac
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee ia?aaeueiu.
Noa?ua iiaeoiaeu oaea ioaeeee naia. Oiaaea iao/ii-oaoii/aneay e
eiaanoeoeeiiiay iieeoeea inouanoaeyeenue oeaio?aeeciaaiii e aeaaiui
ia?acii ca n/ao athaeaeaoiuo enoi/ieeia e oiiaeia ieienoa?noa, a
i?aaei?eyoey aunooiaee a ?iee i?ineoaeae e iieueciaaoaeae
ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa e caieiaeenue iiiaeanoaii iaeeeo oeo/oathueo
eiiiaaoeee. Naaiaeiy aea noaei ?aaeueiinoueth ?acainoaea?noaeaiea,
oi?ie?iaaiea eiaanoeoeeiiiiai e eiiiaaoeeiiiiai ?uieia, /oi iiiiaaao
?ano?nii iaania/eoue ?aoaiea ana aieaa ianouiuo i?iaeaii
eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Oaaea?aeueiua e ianoiua
athaeaeaou auaeaeytho ieieioi n?aaenoa ia oaoie/aneia ia?aaii?oaeaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa. Oeaio? oyaeanoe a i?eiyoee ?aoaiee ia?aianoeeny e
nianoaaiieeai eaieoaea e oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeyi, eioi?ua icaai/aiu
auaeeaaieai, e eae ?acoeueoao, iaei aieiaiey oaeaeytho i?iecaiaenoaaiiui
eiaanoeoeeyi e iiaiaaaaeaieyi, oeeee eioi?uo auoiaeeo ca a?aieoeu
e?aoein?i/iuo eioa?ania.
I?ioeann iaeiieaiey eaieoaea eiaao naiei aeaaiui enoi/ieeii
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea a iaauaaeuo ?aiaa ianooaaao ?ano?nia a iieueco
iaaieueoiai /enea iiauo i?aaee?eieiaoaeae, eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e
aeaeueoeia oaiaaie yeiiiieee a iniiaiii ca n/ao iaieuaiey e iaanoeaiaiey
naa?aaeaiee aieueoeinoaa ianaeaiey, ?anoeuaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai
eiouanoaa. I?e yoii, iaeiieaiea i?ienoiaeeo i?aeiouanoaaiii a noa?a
ia?auaiey e a iaeie noaiaie cao?aaeaaao i?iecaiaenoai, aaea nianoaaiii
e eaaeeo eeth/ e naiiaic?anoaieth eaieoaea a ii?iaeueiie ?uii/iie
yeiiiieea.
Iie?aynue ia yoi iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiauo
iiaeoiaeia e eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeea e, eae neaaenoaea, e
iaoaiecio aa ?aaeecaoeee, a oaeaea oi?iai aicaeaenoaey ainoaea?noaa ia
i?ienoiaeyuea a yoie noa?a i?ioeannu. ?inoee aeaiiuo iiaeoiaeia oaea
ia/aee i?iyaeyoueny a ?yaea ecaeaiiuo a iineaaeiaa a?aiy ii?iaoeaiuo
aeoia, iaeiaei yoiai aei neo ii? inoaaony iaaeinoaoi/ii. A ea/anoaa
i?eia?ia ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia caeanue iiaeii auaeaeeoue oeacu I?aceaeaioa
?O io 17 naioya?y 1994 a. “I /anoiuo eiaanoeoeeyo a ?inneeneie
Oaea?aeee” e “I ?acaeoee oeiainiaiai eeceiaa a eiaanoeoeeiiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe”, eioi?uie i?aaeoniio?aiu ia?u iiiu?aiey /anoiuo
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee, a oaeaea iinoaiiaeaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 29 naioya?y
1994 a. “Ia aeoeaecaoeee ?aaiou ii i?eaea/aieth eiino?aiiuo eiaanoeoeee
a yeiiiieeo ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, niaea?aeauaa ?yae ii?o/aiee ii
iiaeaioiaea ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, nicaeathueo aeaaie?eyoiue eeeiao aeey
ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoi?ia. E?iia oiai, aue iiaeaioiaeai i?iaeo
oaaea?aeueiie eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?ia?aiiu ia 1995 a. e iineaaeothuea
aiaeu.
2.2. Eiiiaaoeeiiii-iaanoeoeeiiiay oaeoeea i?aaiecaoeee.
Iaeaieaa oeaiiui iiiaioii a eiaanoeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiuo
acaeiiioiioaieyo ?acee/iiiai ?iaea eiiiaiee ia ?uiea, a oneiaeyo ?enea e
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe iineaaeiaai, aunooiaao ia?aaiae i?aaenoaaeaiiuo auoa
oai?aoe/aneeo ?annoaeaeaiee ia i?aeoe/aneoth iniiao. I?e yoii iniaie
cia/eiinoueth iaeaaeaao i?ioanneiiaeueiinoue ?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa, oi
anoue aai niiniaiinoue aiaae?eoue eiaanoeeoeeiiii-eiiiaaoeeiiiua
ioiioaiey a eiie?aoiua aeaenoaey oe?iu ia ?uiea. E?iia oiai,
i?aeoe/aneee iiuo acaeiiioiioaiee ia ?uiea n i?eiaiaieai oaeiai ?iaea
oaeoe/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey e ieaie?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,
iiiiaaao a aeaiiii neo/aa nicaeaoue eiiiaaoeeiiii- eiaanoeoeeiiiue
iaoaieci, i?iyaea aai a eiie?aoiie oi?ia aeey eaaeaeie eiie?aoii acyoie
i?aaiecaoeee. I?e/ai, oaeay oi?iaeecaoeey eiiiaaoeeiiii-
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia iicaieeea au eae oe?ia, oae e anaio ?uieo a
oeaeii, aieaa aeanoei ieaie?iaaoue iaiaoiaeeiinoue nianoaaiiuo aeaenoaee
ia ?uiea, iaeiia?aiaiii ioneaaeeaay eo ea/anoai.
Oaeei ia?acii, iu iiaeioee e iaiaoiaeeiinoe nicaeaiey e
iineaaeiaaoaeueiie ?aaeecaoeee eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia,
ioaa/athuaai iiaui ceiiiie/aneei e nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneei ?aaeeyi, a
oaeaea iaania/eaathoaai e?oiiiianooaaiue i?eoie eaieoaea aeey
iiaea?iecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaeiei ec nouanoaaiiuo yeaiaioia aeaiiiai
iaoaiecia yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneee iiiaio.
Aeey ?aaeecaoeee ethaiai i?iaeoa, a oai aieaa niaieoiiinoe i?iaeoia
eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?ia?aiiu, ioaeiu oeaeaaua no?oeoo?u, eioi?ua iiaee au
iaeneiaeueii ea/anoaaiii inouanoaeyoue oaeoe/aneia ieaie?iaaiea
aeayoaeueiinoe no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee ia eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiii
?uiea. Eo oa?aeoa?, auai? iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueo oi?i caaeneo io o?iaiy
iiaeciu e ianooaaiinoe i?iaeoa. Eiiaaea ca aai auiieiaiea iiaoo acyoueny
oaea nouanoaothuea i?aaiecaoeee eee auaeaeyaiua a eo ninoaaa oeaeaaua
no?oeoo?u. Ii oeaeaniia?aciaa auei au nicaeaaaoue iiae eaaeaeue i?iaeo
iniai niaoeeaeece?iaaiioth no?oeoo?o. Yoi iiaeao auoue iaeia
i?aaei?eyoea, aeoeeiia?iia iaoanoai, niaianoiia i?aaei?eyoea e o. ae.
Anee ?aaeecoaony a?oiia acaeiinaycaiiuo i?iaeoia eee oeaeaaay
eiaanoeoeeiiiay i?ia?aiia, o?aaothuay e?oiiuo aeiaeaiee ia aeeeoaeueiue
n?ie e iauaaeeiythuay oneeey aeanyoeia, a oi e nioai i?aaei?eyoee,
aaieia, oiiaeia, oi aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue a oi?ie?iaaiee
eii?eeie?othoeo no?oeoo? aieaa aunieiai o?iaiy, eioi?ua, a naith
i/a?aaeue, iiaoo aeeth/aoue ianeieueei iauaaeeiaiee ii iiaei?ia?aiiai
eee aeieai i?iaeoia. Iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueie oi?iaie oaeeo
eii?aeeie?othueo no?oeoo?, ia eeoathueo naiinoiyoaeueiinoe
aeia?iaieueii iauaaeeiythueo /anoue naieo ooieoeee e n?aaenoa ia?ae/iuo
caaiueaa, iiaoo auoue oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu, eiini?oeeoiu eee
oieaeeiae.
Ia iaiaa aaaeii neaaeothuaa. Iiuo iieacae, /oi iieaaaoueny ia
ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee ?eneiaaiii, iie iaeinoaoi/ii aeaioe?iaaiu
e ?uieo. Iiyoiio yooaeoeaiaa i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia aieaa eieoeeaoeaiua,
aeaeea e ioaaonoaaiiua /anoiua i?aaiecaoeee, aeoeeiia?iua iaoanoaa,
oieaeeiae e eiini?oeeoiu (a eioi?uo iiaoo i?eieiaoue o/anoea e
aini?aaei?eyoey), iacaaeneiua eiiiaiee n o/anoeai eiino?aiiiai
ia?oia?a, i?eieiathoaai ia naay iniiaiia a?aiy ?aaio ii ia?eaoeiao,
iaania/aieth eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe ?aaeecoaiie ii i?iaeoo i?iaeoeoeee, a
oaeaea oneoae ii no?aoiaaieth aeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Yooaeoeaiinoue e aeecianiiniaiinoue eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa ai iiiaei
caaenyo io iainiiaaiiinoe oeai. Iaoaecaanoii, /oi a ia/aea aeeciaiiiai
oeeeea, ia noaaeee inaiaiey iiauo ecaeaeee (iniaaiii ?aaeecothueo
aaceniua eiiiaaoeee) o?iaaiue ecaea?aeae aunie, a iaaeaaeiinoue
ecaeaeey, io?aaioaiiinoue eiino?oeoeee iau/ii aoa iaaeinoaoi/iu. ?ene
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?i?uaa eniieucotho ia oieueei ecaioiaeoaee, ii e
ia?aua iio?aaeoaee i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo eceaeee. Anee ia
eiiiaine?iaaoue yoe ecaea?aeee iio?aaeoaeth e iiiuoaoueny iie?uaaoue
iiauoaiiua cao?aou i?iecaiaeeoaey n iiiioueth aunieie oeaiu, iiaue oiaa?
iiaeao auoue ia?a/ai ia iooi?aeaiea ?uieii, aai ia noaioo iieoiaoue.
Iiyoiio iaeaieaa aeaeueiiaeaeiua oe?iu ia Caiaaea, ?aaioathuea n
aaceniuie eiiiaaoeeyie, i?iaeatho ia?aua ia?oee ecaeaeee ii oeaia ieaea
ecaea?aeae, i?aaeinoaaeytho ?aciiia?aciua neeaeee e aa?aioee, n oai
/oiau n iiiiuueth oaeie “ieaou ca aoiaeaeaiea ia ?uiie” noi?ie?iaaoue
aeinoaoi/iue ni?in, ?anoe?eoue i?iecaienoai, nieceoue ecaea?aeee e
eiiiaine?iaaoue aeiiieieoaeueiie i?eaueueth ia?aiia/aeueiua oauoee.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea naiaa?aiaiii e iuooeii nieaeaoue oeaiu ia iiaua
ecaeaeey, ia neoiynue ia ?aeeaio, /oiau ?anoe?youe ?aiee ?uiea e
oaaee/eaaoue ianno i?eauee.
Oaeei ia?acii, nicaeaiea yooaeoeaiiai eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
iaoaiecia ia i?inoi iaiaoiaeeii, iii iaioeiaeii. E ia/eiaoue ioaeii ia
oieueei naa?oo, n oi?ie?iaaiey oaaea?aeueiie eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?ia?aiiu
e ?ac?aaioee ia? ii aa ?aaeecaoeee, ii e nieco, n ioai?a e auno?iai
aiieiuaiey a aeeciue eiie?aoiuo eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia e ?aaeiiaeueiuo
i?ia?aii, n eii?aeeiaoeeae oneeee aeaaniiniaiinoe aaaioia e
eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai ?uiea.
Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii caiaoeoue, /oi ioia/aiiua auoa oeaeaaua no?oeoo?u a
aeaiiii neo/aa iiaoo ?anniao?eaaoueny a ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec yeaiaioia
yooaeoeaiiai eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia.
2.3. Eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiue iaoaieci.
Aa?iainy e aiaeeco eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia. Aaaeiaeoei
aai yeaiaioii ia?yaeo n iacaaiiui auoa yaeyaony ?ano?niia iaania/aiea
i?iaeoia e i?ia?aii – eaae?iaia, oeiainiaia e oaoie/aneia.
Iau/ii, i?enooiay e ?aaeecaoeee eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia, iniiaiia
aieiaiea oaeaeytho iieneo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey, ?annoaeaeay
i?eia?ii oae: aoaeoo aeaiueae – ana inoaeueiia i?eeiaeeony. Iaeiaei,
eiaanoeoeee, e iaiaeua, iiiaaeay a iaiaaeaaeiua eee iaoiaeua ?oee,
nieioue e ?yaeii ia aeatho ioaea/e. Ethaie caiaaeiue eiaanoi?, i?aaeaea
/ai iieoe ia i?yiua aeiaeaiey eee i?aaeinoaaeoue e?aaeeo, ananoi?iiia
enneaaeoao – /oi ca i?aaei?eyoea eee eeoei aeaeaao cayaeo ia
eiaanoeoeee, ianeieueei iaaeaaeai ia?oia?, eiaao ee ii niei/aiioth
eiiaiaeo, eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo iaiaaeaea?ia e ?aaioieeia. E eeoue i?e
iieiaeeoaeueiii ioaaoa ia yoe e ae?oaea aii?inu ?anniao?eaathony
niaea?aeaiea i?iaeoa, aecian-ieai, ?acia?u e oneiaey ieoiaaiinoe
eiaanoeoeee, aica?aoa e?aaeeoa e o. i.
Oaeie iiaeoiae aiieia ii?aaaeai, iniaaiii a oneiaeyo oe?iei
?ani?ino?aiaiiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie iaeiiiaoaioiinoe, iiiaieaoiae
i?eau/ee iieo/aoueoeaio?aeeciaaiiua eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey, ia caaioynue ia
eo aica?aoa, iai?eniiniaeaiiinoe e ?uii/iie n?aaea, iaciaeiinoaa ni
iiiaeie nia?aiaiiuie oaoiieiaeyie. Ia/eiaoue inouanoaeaiea i?ei?eoaoiuo
eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia e i?ia?aii ioaeii n iao/aiey e
ia?aiiaeaioiaee eaae?ia – io iaiaaeaea?ia aei ?aai/eo.
I?e yoii, iaaeaaeiay eaae?iaay aaca iiiiaaao aieaa oniaoii ?aoaoue
aii?inu oeiaine?iaaiey i?iaeoia e i?ia?aii. Ioaeii niio?aoue i?aaaea a
aeaca, iniiaiie eaieoae nae/an iaoiaeeony o eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, /anoiuo
i?aei?eyoee, aeaeueoeia oaiaaie yeiiiieee, a oaeaea eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoi?ia, ?aaioathueo i?aeiouanoaaiii a noa?a ia?auaiey, iineieueeo
ioioaeaatho iieeoe/aneay ianoaaeeueuinoue, e?oaiaa?oue caeiiia e
aieueoie eiiia?/aneee ?ene. “AEeaua aeaiueae” anoue oaeaea o /anoe
ianaeaiey, eioi?ia aioiai aeeaaeuaaoue eo a no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuo
aeiiia, iaaeaaeiua oeaiiua aoiaae, ii ia?aaeei noaeeeaaaony n
aaaioth?iuie eeai iioaiie/aneeie e?iaeoaie. Oiiiyiooua auoa, oeacu
I?aceaeaioa e iinoaiiaeaiey I?aaeoaeuenoaa iai?aaeaiu ia oi, /oiau
neiiaoue yoio ii?i/iue e?oa, nicaeaa aeaaii?eyoiue eeeiao aeey /anoiuo
ioa/anoaaiiuo e ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoeoeee.
Iinea ?aoaiey aii?ina i oeiaine?iaaiee i?iaeoa anoaao i?iaeaia
oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey. Nae/an iiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iiiauaiee, i?inoaeaathuaai iai?oaeiaaiey. Ii yoi iau/ii onoa?aaoea
iaoeiu, ii?aeueii e oece/anee eciioaiiay oaoieea, ia i?eaiaeiay aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa eiieo?aioiniiniaiie i?iaeoeoeee. Iiiauaiey e
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth eio?ano?oeoo?o iinea iaeioi?ie ?aeiino?oeoeee aiieia
iiaeii eniieueciaaoue (/oi oaeaoaaeyao i?iaeo e nie?auaao n?iee aai
?aaeecaoeee). Iaeiaei, eae i?aaeei, i?eoiaeeony i?eia?aoaoue
oaoiieiae/aneia iai?/aeiaaiea. No?aiyony caeacaoue aai ca a?aieoeae
aianoa n ai?iae?iaaiiie yooaeoeaiie oaoiieiaeae. Yoi eeoaao
ioa/anoaaiiia iaoeiino?iaiea caeacia, oneeeaaao aac?aaioeoeo a aeaiiie
io?anee e caaeneiinoue io aiaoieo iinoaaueeia.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ioaeii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue i?eaioaoeeth caeac/eeia ia
eiiieaeou nia?aiaiiiai ioa/anoaaiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, oe?iei i?eaeaeay e
i?iaeoai eiiaa?neiiuua i?aaei?eyoey. Ii aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau
ioa/anoaaiiay oaoieea ia onooiaea eiii?oiie ii naiei ia?aiao?ai, auea
aeaoaaea e eiaea iaeaaeaiiua ianeoaeeaaiea e ?aiiio.
2.4. Au?aaioea eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie no?aoaae/aneie iieeoeee.
Iaeaieaa aaaeiui yeaiaioii eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia n
iiceoeee aai oaeoe/aneie oi?iaeecaoeee a a?aieoeao eiiea?aoiiai
?uii/iiai i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony neaaeothuee aai yeaiaio – au?aaioea
naeaeoeaiie eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie no?aoaaee, eioi?ay iaeaeao
au?aaeaiea a oaaea?aeueiuo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo eiiiaaoeeiiiuo e
eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?ia?aiiao e e?oiiuo i?iaeoao, ?ann/eoaiiuo ia
aeeeoaeueiue ia?eiae (aei 2000 a.) e ioaaouaathueo ana noaaeee
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea. Aeaaiay o?oaeiinoue – aua?aoue oa oceea
e?ei?eoaoiua i?iecaiaenoaa, aaea eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia niiaeao a
n?aaieoaeueii ei?ioeee n?ie iaania/eoue oniao e oeaiioth ?aaeoeeth
ia?aeiia a aieaa oe?ieeo noa?ao ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa (“no?aoaaey
eaca?iiai eo/a”).
Aaaeii i?e yoii ia iiianoue a “/a?iua aeu?u” yeiiiieee, eiay a aeaeo
i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua, iiaeiuay a eciaeeee ?ano?nu, ia a ninoiyiee
i?iecaanoe eiieo?aioiniiniaioth i?iaeoeoeeth. Aieueoeinoai aeaenoaothueo
(eee /anoe/ii aacaeaenoaothueo) i?aaei?eyoee iniauaiu oaoieeie
a/a?aoiaai aeiy, /aoaa?oiai, a oi e o?aoueaai oaoiieiae/aneeo oeeaaeia e
ia auaea?aeeaatho eiieo?aioeee n oeuioaoei ia aioo?aiiee ?uiie iioieii
aunieioaoiieiae/iuo, e?ani/ii ioi?ieaiiuo oiaa?ia n iiuiie ?aeeaiie,
ieaiythuae iieoiaoaeae. A yoeo oneiaeyo aeeaaeuaaoue n?aaenoaa a
iiaeaea?aeaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeae onoa?aaoae i?iaeoeoeee, ia eiathuae
ia?niaeoea nauoa, – aaciaaeaaeiia aeaei.
Ae?oaay iianiinoue ninoieo a /enoi iio?aaeoaeueneii iiaeoiaea e
eaieoaeiaeiaeaieyi. I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue no?oeoo?a eiaanoeoeee a
Iineaa (aea e a ae?oaeo e?oiiuo oeaio?ao). Aeanyoeeaoey Iineaa ia ciaea
oaeiai ?aciaoa a no?ieoaeuenoaa ioenia, aaieia, iaaaceiia, ioaeae,
?ineioiuo eiooaaeaeae e eaa?oe? aeey “iiauo (e ia neeoeii iiauo)
?onneeo”, ?aeiino?oeoeee e no?ieoaeuenoaa o?aiia. Yoi auei au i?eaieaii,
anee au i?iii?oeeiiaeueii aeeaaeuaaeenue n?aaenoaa ia iaiiaeaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai aiia?aoa, ia no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuey aeey iineae/ae ni
n?aaeiei e iaeui aeinoaoeii e o. ae.
2.5. Iaeaieaa i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey o?aaoee?iaaiey i?iaeaii
eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eaeea aea iai?aaeaiey eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
iiaeii n/eoaoue i?ei?eoaoiuie, ia?aii/a?aaeiuie, caneoaeeaathueie
ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeee?
I?aaeaea anaai yoi ianniaia aeeeeuiia no?ieoaeuenoai. ?a/ue ia eaeao i
aeeeao aeey aiaa/ae, iineieueeo iie naie a ninoiyiee iaeoe aeey naay
n?aaenoaa. Aeaaiia a ae?oaii, a nicaeaiee oaeoe/anee auaa?aiiie,
i?iaeoiaiiie no?aoaae/aneie iieeoeee ?ani?aaeaeaiey ianniaiai aeeeeuiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa ia oieueei a ?aeiiao aieueoiai neiieaiey ethaeae, ii e ii
oa??eoi?ee anae ?O, n o/aoii iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?acaeoey eee ainnoaiiaeaiey
ioaeaeueiuo no?aoaae/anee aaaeiuo ?aeiiia no?aiu.
Aoi?ie i?ei?eoao – nia?aiaiiua n?aaenoaa eiiioieeaoeee, i?iecaiaenoai
n?aaenoa o?ainii?oa e nayce, nicaeaiea e iiaea?iecaoeey o?ainii?oiuo e
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo naoae. Nae/an auno?i noa?atho, i?eoiaeyo a iaaiaeiinoue
iiaeaeaeiie ninoaa ia aeaeaciuo aei?iaao, aaeaeeieyo, ii?neii, ?a/iii e
aaoiiiaeeueiii o?ainii?oa, iiiai/eneaiiua o?oaii?iaiaeiua naoe. Iaaeaao
nei?inoue e iaaeaaeiinoue aeinoaaee a?ocia e iannaaee?ia, ?anoao /enei
eaoano?io, oiinyueo aeanyoee ouny/ /aeiaa/aneeo aeeciae, iaiinyuee
iaiii?aaeiue oua?a i?e?iaeiie n?aaea. Oaeaoiiiay e ?aaeeioaeaaeceiiiua
naoe ?aaioatho n ia?aa?oceaie e ana /aua aeatho naie. O?ainii?oiia
iaoeiino?iaiea, i?iiuoeaiiinoue n?aaenoa nayce ii/oe ia iieo/atho
ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeee e iaoiaeyony ia a?aie eeeaeaeaoeee. Anee
aia?aiy ia ono?aieoue yoe oaiaeaioeee, oi /a?ac aiae-aeaa ianooieo
o?ainii?oiay ?ac?ooa, aeey i?aiaeieaiey eioi?ie iio?aaothony ia?iiiua
n?aaenoaa e ieiaea aiaeu. Caeanue ia iaieoenue /anoiuie eiaanoeoeeyie,
iaiaoiaeeiu e?oiiua ainoaea?noaaiiua e iaaeainoaea?noaaiiua
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey.
O?aoee i?ei?eoao – aunieea oaoiieiaee ia aaca eiiaa?nee. AEeciaiii
aaaeii, iie?aynue ia yeaiaiou iyoiai oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeaaea,
neiioeaio?e?iaaiiua a aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiii eiiieaena, i?aaieciaaoue
i?iecaiaenoai aunieioaoiieiae/iuo, eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo ia ie?iauo
?uieao e eiei?oicaiauathueo oiaa?ia.
*aoaa?oue i?ei?eoao – ?ano?ninaa?aaathuea, yeieiae/anee /enoua
oaoiieiaee. Nae/an aeaaiia ia a oii, /oiau i?einoaiiaeoue iaaeaiea
aeiau/e ieia?aeueiiai e eaniiai nu?uey e ia?aueaaoue eo yenii?o, onei?yy
enoiuaiea iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo e caa?yciyy ie?oaeathooth n?aaeo, a a oii,
/oiau eniieueciaaoue iiaaeoea iao/ii-oaoie/aneea aeinoeaeaiey e oaea
ecaanoiua oaoiieiaee aeey aieaa iieiiai ecaea/aiey ieia?aeueiuo aiaaonoa
ec iaae? e aeoaieie eiieeaeniie ia?a?aaioee i?e?iaeiiai nu?uey.
Iyoue i?ei?eoao – yeieiae/anee /enoia i?iaeiaieuenoaea ia aaca
iiaeaea?aeee naoe oa?ia?neeo e ee/iuo iiaeniaiuo oicyenoa,
ia?a?aaaouaathueo e oi?aiauo i?aaei?eyoee, inaieaoeo
oaoiieiaeei?aecaiaenoaa, ia?a?aaioee, oiaeiaee, o?ainii?oe?iaee, nauoa e
eiio?iey ca no?iaei niaethaeaieai noaiaea?oia ii yeieiae/anee /enoiio
i?iaeiaieuenoaeth e i?iaeoeoai n ea/aaiuie aeiaaaeaie. ?a/ue eaeao
i?aaeaea anaai i oe?ieie aaiia i?iaeoeoia aeey aeaoae e iieiaeaaee,
iinoaaeyaiuo a aeaoneea aeioeieueiua o/?aaeaeaiey, oeieu, aocu, i
i?ieoeoao n iaeoeiiauie aeiaaaeaie, auaiaeyueie ec i?aaiecia
?aaeeiioeeeaeu e oyaeaeua iaoaeeu, i auionea ea/aaiiai oeaaa, /ay,
ae?oaeo i?iaeoeoia n ea/aaiuie o?aaaie, yaiaeaie o. ae.
Ia?a/eneaiiua i?ei?eoaou aeieaeiu ea/ue a iniiao nenoaiu oaaea?aeueiuo,
?aaeiiaeueiuo e io?aneaauo eiiiaaoeeiiii-eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?ia?aii e
iieo/aoue ia?aii/a?aaeioth ainoaea?noaaiioth iiaeaea?aeeo a aeaea i?yiuo
eiaanoeoeee, eueaioiuo e?aaeeoia, iaeiaiauo eueaio e o. ae.
3. E?AAeEOII-EIAANOEOeEIIIIA IAANIA*AIEA IAO*IUO I?IAEOIA.
3.1. Ianoiyuaa iieiaeaiea aeae ia e?aaeeoii-eiaanoeoeeiiiii ?uiea.
Aei ianoiyoaai a?aiaie e?aaeeou a oeiaine?iaaiee eiiiaaoeeiiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe eniieuecothony e?aeia iaaeinoaoi/ii. A oneiaeyo eioeyoeee
eiiia?/aneei aaieai iaauaiaeii i?aaeinoaaeyoue eo ia n?ie nauoa o?ao
ianyoeaa. Aeaaea oa ec ieo, eioi?ua aoa a eiioea 80-o aa. nicaeaaaeenue
eae eiiiaaoeeiiiua, ii/oe ia auaeatho aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia, a oa
aaiee eioi?ua auaeatho e?aaeeou oaeiai ?iaea, ca/anooth ioianyo eo e
aaciaaeaaeiui aeieaai. Iaaeaeaei ioaaieia ooee e no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee.
E aeaei ooo ia oieueei a eioeyoeee e ionoonoaee noeioeia e
eiaanoe?iaaieth a nenoaia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey. Neacuaathony ia?acaeoinoue
eio?ano?oeoo?u aoaeeoa iiaiaaaaeaiee, iaaioiaiinoue i?aaei?eyoee e eo
nicaeaieth, a oaeaea iaeiiiuiinoue no?aoiauo eiiiaiee. Io?eoeaoaeueii
aeeyao ia e?aaeeoiaaiea eiiiaaoeee ?aneueaiiinoue e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia ii
eiiia?/aneei aaieai, i?e/ai oi?ie?iaaiea iineaaeieo aei neo ii?
i?iaeieaeaaony. Aeey noaiiaeaiey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee oaeay oaiaeaioeey
eieiaeeoaeueia, iaeiaei ?acaeaathoeany aaiee ia iiaoo ioaeaeaoue ec
iai?ioa aacaieaciaiii aeey naiaai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey
neieueei-ieaoaeue cia/eoaeueiua n?aaenoaa a eiiiaaoeeiiiua i?iaeou.
Ineiaeiytho iieiaeaiea oaeaea ioaeaeaiiinoue ia?niaeoeau iieo/aiey
i?eauee e ionoaaaiea eiaeaenaoeee e?aaeeoia io ?aaeueiie eioeyoeee. Ia
n?aaaouaaao e iaoaieci i?aaeinoaaeaiey Iaoeeiiaeueiui aaieii ii
eueaioiui noaaeai e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia ia oeiaine?iaaiea eiiia?/aneeie
aaieaie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo i?ia?aii. Oae, iai?eia?, auaeaeaiiua ia
iaeeiaaeoeaoue ianyoeaa 1993 aiaea ec eiaanoeoeeiiiiai oiiaea
Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea Aaei?onnee 48 ie?ae. ?oaeae ?ani?aaeaeyeenue a
niioaaonoaee n I?ia?aiiie e?aaeeoiiai iaania/aiey i?ei?eoaoiuo
iai?aaeaiee ?acaeoey yeiiiieee Aaei?onnee, ii ia ieacaee nouanoaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey ia no?oeoo?ioth ia?ano?ieeo i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Iniiaiua
i?e/eiu, aucaaaoea ?aaeoeeth oaeiai ?iaea neaaeothuea.
Ai-ia?auo, e?aaeeoiaaiea ia eiaei y?ei au?aaeaiiie eiiiaaoeeiiiie
iai?aaeaiiinoe e ia o/eouaaei iaee/ea aunieeo oaoiieiaee ia
eiiaa?neiiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo. Aaeeinoaaiiui eiee/anoaaiiui e?eoa?eai
auai?a i?iaeoia i?eieiaeny eeoue n?ie ieoiaaiinoe a 3 – 4 aiaea n
iiiaioa ia/aea eiaanoe?iaaiey. Ai-aoi?uo, ia auei nenoaiu ioai?a
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo, eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo iiaiaaaaeaiee. A-o?aoueeo, ia
auei eiiieaeniie nii?aaieciaaiiinoe aeaenoaee, iai?aaeythueo
aeayoaeueiinoue eiaani?ia a eiiiaaoeeiiioth iaeanoue. A-/aoaa?ouo ia
auee i?eiyou ia?u ii noeioee?iaaieth o/anoey eae aiaoieo (eiino?aiiuo),
oae e aioo?aiieo eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a eiiiaaeeiiiii i?ioeanna.
Nicaeaiea oaeie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe ia auei i?aaeoniio?aii e Iniiaiuie
iai?aaeaieyie aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee Aaei?onnee ia 1994 a. E,
iaeiiaoe, a-iyouo, auaeaeaiiua ia eiaanoeoeeiiiua i?iaeou Iaoeeiiaeueiui
aaieii n?aaenoaa ninoaaeyee anaai 5,2% iaoaai iauaia e?aaeeoia,
i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo eiiia?/aneei aaieai. I?e yoii 15 ie?ae. ?oa. ec ieo,
eee 30% iauaai iauaia, auei iai?aaeaii ia no?ieoaeuenoai iauaeoia
nioeeaeueiie noa?u.
3.2. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue nenoaiaoecaoeee e eiiieaeniinoe ?aoaiey i?iaeaii.
A aniaeoa iienaiiiai iieiaeaiey iaaeinoaoi/iinoe eniieueciaaiey
e?aaeeoia a iaeanoe eiiiaaoeeiiiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey, aicieeaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue nenoaiaoecaoeee e eiiieaeniinoe ?aoaiey aicieeathueo ia
?uiea i?iaeaii. Yoi iiiiaaao ?ano?nii iaania/eoue i?ioeann
eiiiaaoeeiiiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey e?aaeeoii, ii oieueei i?e iaee/ee
(nicaeaiee) nenoaiu ioai?a iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo e eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo
iiaiaaaaeaiee, nenoaiu iioeaaoeee aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia e no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee e eiaanoe?iaaieth e noi?ie?iaaa ia
aeaiiie aaca ii?aaeaeaiioth ?uii/ioth eio?ano?oeoo?o, eioi?ie aoaeoo
aeaeaae?iaaiu i?aaa ii ioneaaeeaaieth IEIE? n aeaeueiaeoei iainiiaaieai
e ?aeiiaiaeaoeeae eiaanoe?iaaiey eiaiii aeaiiie noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe.
A aeaiiii neo/aa, eiiieaeniia ?aoaiea i?iaeai iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe
anao ninoaaeythueo e?aaeeoii-eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia onei?eo ?acaeoea
eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna (e iaiai?io) e aeaaiaea?y yoiio iicaieeo eae
/anoiui eiaanoi?ai, oae e ei?ii?aoeeyi aeeth/eoueny a i?ioeann
oaaee/aiey niathnoaaiiie i?eauee n iaeiia?aiaiiie noeioeyoeeae ?acaeoey
yeiiiieee nianoaaiiie no?aiu.
I?e yoii aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue iienea enoi/ieeia e?aaeeoiaaiey, oi
anoue aai ?ano?nia. ?anoe?eoue aiciiaeiinoe a oeiaine?iaaiee
eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna iiaoo i?eaaoecaoeeiiiua oiiaeu,
aeeoioee?othuea /aee eee aao/a?u. A aeaiiii neo/aa iaiaoiaeeii yienneth
oeaiiuo aoiaa eniieueciaaoue aeey oeiaine?iaaiey iiaiaaaaeaiee. Oi anoue
yeiiiie/aneea iaoiaeu noeioee?iaaiey aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa a eiiiaaoeee a
aeaea eueaioiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey iaaei aeiiieieoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie
ia?aie, cae?aieythueie a onoaaao oiiaeia aiciiaeiua iai?aaeaiey
eniieueciaaiey eo ?ano?nia.
Oaeaea iaeiei ec ia?niaeoeaiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey
eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna yaeythony ca?oaaaeiua e?aaeeou e eiaanoeoeee.
O/eouaay ?aaeueiua oneiaey yeiiiie/aneiai e iieeoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey a
no?aiao NIA, iniiaiie aeieae ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoeoeee iiaoo noaoue iiea
acaeiiua ?anioaeeeaineea aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa a ?acaeoea aeeciaiii aaaeiuo
aeey ieo i?iecaiaenoa. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi nicaeaiea yooaeoeaiuo
i?iecaiaenoa ii aeiau/a e ia?a?aaioea nu?ueaauo yia?aaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia,
a eioi?ii aeieaeiu i?eiyoue o/anoea ana ?anioaeeee.
Ia?yaeo n iaae?anioaeeeaineeie e?aaeeoaie e eiaanoeoeeyie aieueoie
eioa?an aeey ?acaeoey eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna i?aaenoaaeytho
ca?oaaaeiua aeiaeaiey. Eo i?eaea/aieth iiaeao niinianoaiaaoue
i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeaoaaie ?aai/ae neeu e ?uieia nauoa. Iaeiaei ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue yoe i?aeiooanoaa iaeo?aeeciaaiu ?yaeii oaeoi?ia.
I?aaeaea anaai ionoonoaotho ?aaeueiua aa?aioee nio?aiiinoe e aica?aoa
eiino?aiiuo e?aaeeoia e eiaanoeoeee, eioi?uie aeieaeiu au iaania/eaaoue
?uiie no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee. Ono?aieoue oaeie iaaeinoaoie iiaeii i?e
iieeoe/aneie noaaeeecaoeee e i?eiyoee caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia,
aa?aioe?othueo iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea. A ea/anoaa
iaoa?eaeueiiai iaania/aiey ca?oaaaeiuo e?aaeeoia e eiaanoeoeee
oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue ?anioaeeeaineea aaoa?u a caa?aie/iuo
aaieao, a oaeaea eiouanoai, iaoiaeyuaany ia oa??eoi?ee eiino?aiiuo
ainoaea?noa. Aeey iaania/aiey o?aaoaiuo aa?aioee aaaeii ?anoe?youe
caa?aie/iua aaoa?u e aeeaaeuaaoue aaethoo a niaianoiia i?iecaiaenoai ca
?oaaaeii. Ana yoe aniaeou eiiieaenii e nenoaiii aeieaeiu auoue o/oaiu
no?aoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea ?ani?ino?aieoue oneiaey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia caieth, eniieuecoaioth aeey i?aaiecaoeee
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Neaaeoao o?ainoi?ie?iaaoue
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, /oiau o ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoi?ia aicieeea ?aaeueiay
yeiiiie/aneay caeioa?aniaaiiinoue a eiaanoe?iaaiee. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
yoi eanaaony naiaiaeiiai auaica eiino?aiiuie ia?oia?aie iieo/aaiie
i?eauee.
3.3. Nenoaia ioai?a iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo e eiieo?aioiiniiniaiuo
iiaiaaaaeaiiee.
Aeey nicaeaiey nenoaiu ioai?a iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo e
eiieo?aioiiniiniaiuo iiaiaaaaeaiiee eae e?aaeeou, oae e aacaiciacaeii
auaeaeyaiua n?aaenoaa iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeinoaaeyoue ia eiieo?niie iniiaa.
A aeaiiie nayce, ?ani?aaeaeaiea n?aaenoa iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny ii
aeaoi aa?eaioai. Ia?aue ec ieo i?aaeoniao?eaaao auaeaeaiea oeiainiauo
?ano?nia eiia/iiio i?iecaiaeeoaeth eiiiaaoeee iee aieiaiiio ?ac?aaio/eeo
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna, anee n?aaenoaa iai?aaeythony ia i?iaaaeaiea
aaceniuo iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee. I?e yoii, i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaiecaoeee,
iieo/eaoea noaneaeee ec eiiiaaoeeiiiiai oiiaea, naiinoiyoaeueii
?ani?aeaeytho eo iaaeaeo nieniieieoaeyie e ianoo ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
aica?ao e?aaeeoia e yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey aacaiciacaeiuo noii.
Aaee/eia e?aaeeoa a yoii neo/aa ii?aaeaeyaony n o/aoii cao?ao ia
inouanoaeaiea anaai iauaia ?aaio ii nicaeaieth iiaiai ecaeaeey.
Auaeaeyoue aea n?aaenoaa iiaeii ii yoaiai, n ioeaieie ea/anoaa
?acoeueoaoia, aeinoeaioouo ia i?aaeuaeouai yoaia oeiaine?iaaiey.
Aica?aoiinoue n?aaenoa oaeaea iiaeao auoue iinoaiaiiie, ii ia?a
?aaeecaoeee iiaiaaaaeaiey.
Cao?aou, oeiaine?oaiua ec i?aaeinoaaeaiiiai e?aaeeoa n o/aoii eo
eiaeaenaoeee, e ieaoa ca e?aaeeo aeieaeiu aeeth/aoueny a naaanoieiinoue
i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/eaathuae nicaeaiea eiiiaaoeee. I?e yoii eaaeaeue
o/anoiee eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna ca n/ao n?aaenoa, au?o/aiiuo io
i?iaeaaee naiae /anoe iauae ?aaiou, aica?auaao e?aaeeo e ?aniea/eaaaony
ca iaai. Eiia/iue i?iecaiaeeoaeue aica?auaao aai eiiiaaoeeiiiiio oiiaeo
ca n/ao e?iaeaaee aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Ii aoi?iio aa?eaioo e?aaeeou iiaoo i?aaeinoaaeyoueny eiiiaaoeeiiiui
oiiaeii iai?yioth o/anoieeai iiaiaaaaeai/aneiai i?ioeanna. Iineaaeiea
aica?auatho i?ieiaeaene?iaaiiua e?aaeeoiua ?ano?nu e ieaoo ca e?aaeeo
iaiin?aaenoaaiii oiiaeo.
E?aaeeou eiia/iiio i?iecaiaeeoaeth iiaiai ecaeaeey iicaieyo iiauneoue
iainiiaaiiinoue i?aaeinoaaeaiey n?aaenoa nieniieiioaeyi, o?iaaiue
eiiiaoaioiinoe iiaeai?a o/anoieeia e ioaaonoaaiiinoue ecaioiaeoaey ca
eiiiaaeeiiiue i?ioeann a oeaeii. E?iia oiai, nouanoaaiii iaeaa/aaony
e?ioeaaeo?a acuneaiey oiiaeii e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia.
Aoi?ie aa?eaio oeaeaniia?acai a oii neo/aa, anee a ia/aea inouanoaeaiey
i?iaeoa eiia/iue i?iecaiaeeoaeue ii oai eee eiui i?e/eiai ia ii?aaeaeai.
Iaiaoiaeeii i?ae?aoeoue aaeieieno?aoeaiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiainiauo
?ano?nia. ?aoaiea i i?aaeinoaaeaiee e?aaeeoa aeieaeii iniiauaaoueny ia
caeeth/aiee aoaeeoi?neie oe?iu i eiieo?aioiniiniaeinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe
i?aaeeaaaaiiai e oeiaine?iaaieth i?iaeoa. Ea/anoai iiaeaioiaee
caeeth/aiey caaeneo io niaoeeaeenoia, niiniaiuo aua?aoue iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaiia n iiceoeee ?uiea eiiiaaoeeiiiia ?aoaiea. I?e yoii aaaeii
enneaaeiaaoue ana aniaeou nicaeaiey iiaoanoaa: oaoie/aneee,
yeiiiie/aneee e ia?eaoeiaiaue.
3.4. Iioeaaoeey eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee
(eae aioo?aiieo, oae e aiaoieo) e eiaanoe?iaaieth.
A naaoa anaai auoaneacaiiiai, aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue nicaeaiey
nenoaiu iioeaaoeee aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e no?aoiauo
i?aaiecaoeee e eiaanoe?iaaieth ?acee/iuo i?iaeoia. Iioeaaoeey, eae
ecaanoii, aeieaeia auoue aeaonoi?iiiae e ia?auaiiie eae a noi?iio iauae
i?eaueueiinoe aaiea eee no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee, oae e a noi?iio
eiie?aoii acyoiai /aeiaaea, a oaeaea o/eouaaoue acaeiiauaiaeiinoue
aeaeaiee oeiainiaiai ?inoa ainoaea?noaa e aaiea (no?aoiaie
i?aaiecaoeee).
Oae, ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaaiiuo eioa?ania, nenoaia iioeaaoeee iiaeao
auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaiiii neo/aa, oeaeaniia?aciinoueth
iaoa?eaeueiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey niaoeeaeenoia, inouanoaeythoeo auai?
eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?iaeoa, a oaeaea iinoaiiaeie aeaiiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey
a caaeneiinoue io eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa – ?aaeecaoeee aua?aiiiai i?iaeoa
ia ?uiea. Aeey yoiai iieaoo eo o?oaea iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa /anoe:
ia?aoth – ca?aaioioth ieaoo ca ioeaieo i?iaeoia e aoi?oth –
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea io au?o/ee ca ?aaeecaoeeth iiaiaaaaeaiey. Yoi iicaieeo
i?eaea/ue iaeaieaa eaaeeoeee?iaaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia e iiauneoue eo
iauaeoeaiinoue a auai?a i?iaeoia, iineieueeo iie iaoa?eaeueii aoaeoo
caeioa?aniaaiu a oniaoiie ?aaeecaoeee, oaaee/aiee i?eauee e i?iaeeaiee
n?iea i?iecaiaenoaa eiiiaaoeee.
A ioiioaiee eieeaeoeaa yenia?oia, ?aeiiaiaeiaaaoeo e oeiaine?iaaieth
i?iaeo, ia iieo/eaoee caaa?oaiea ii eo aeia, ai?aaeue aeieaeai
aeaenoaiaaoue cai?ao ia o/anoea a iiaeaioiaea yenia?oiuo caeeth/aiee.
?aaeecaoeey yoie ia?u aiciiaeia /a?ac iaycaoaeueioth ?annueeo
eiiiaaoeeiiiui oiiaeii aoaeeoi?neei oe?iai, eiathuei eeoeaiceth ia
aoaeeo oaoie/aneeo i?iaeoia e nienea yenia?oia, ?aaioathueo iaae oaeei
i?iaeoii.
*oi aea eanaaony iioeaaoeee eiiia?/aneeo aaieia eee no?aoiauo
i?aaiecaoeee, oi ooo i?iaeaia eiaao iaiiiai eiie oa?aeoa?. A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy o?aaoaony ia oieueei iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue eneieueciaaiey
aeaoeoeeoiuo athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, ii e oneeeoue ?ieue ae?oaeo
enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna: e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia
eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee, aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia, a
oaeaea ca?oaaaeiuo e?aaeeoia e eiaanoeoeee. Inouanoaeoue yoi iiaeii
eeoue i?e eciaiaiee i?aeoeee oicyenoaiaaiey. Oae, /oiau i?eaea/ue
eiiia?/aneea aaiee e no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee e e?aaeeoiaaieth eiiiaaoeee,
oeaeaniia?acii oiaiueoeoue noaaee iaeiaa ia i?eauee, iieo/aaiua eie io
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoia, aaeaia, a oi e ieaea. E?iia oiai, neaaeoao
iinoaaeoue eueaioo noaaee ?aoeiaine?iaaiey a caaeneiinoue io aeiee
n?aaenoa eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a oeiaine?iaaiee i?iaeoa. Yoi iicaieeo
aeoeaece?iaaoue aaiee a e?aaeeoiaaiee, canoaaeo eo eneaoue iooe e
eiiea?aoeee aeey ?aoaiey i?iaeaiu i?eaea/aiey cia/eoaeueiuo noii ia
n?iee aieaa aiaea.
Ii oieueei oaeea ia?u a oneiaeyo eioeyoeee ia niiaoo nicaeaoue
onoie/eaie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe o eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e no?aoiauo
i?aaiecaoeee e oeiaine?iaaieth iiaiaaaaeaiee. Eo iaiaoiaeeii aeiiieieoue
iaoaieciii eiaeaenaoeee e?aaeeoa a niioaaonoaee n oaiiii eioeyoeee. Oae,
iai?eia?, iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee
Aaei?onnee ia 1994 a. (aeey aeinoeaeaiey iieiaeeoaeueiiai cia/aiey
aaee/eiu i?ioeaioiuo noaaie Iaoeeiiaeueiui aaieii) onoaiiaeaia
ieaaathuay noaaea ?aoeiaine?iaaiey, niioaaonoaothuay o?iaith eioeyoeee
ca i?aaeoanoaothuee ianyoe. (I?e yoii o?iaaiue eioeyoeee i?eiyoi
ecia?youe ii eiaeaeno ?icie/iuo oeai.) Iaeiaei oaeie iaoaieci
iayooaeoeaai n oi/ee c?aiey ?acaeoey eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna e, eae
?acoeueoao, aeey iaiaoiaeeiie a yoie nayce no?oeoo?iie ?ai?aaiecaoeee
/anoe oe?iu, oi anoue aeey no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee. I?e/eia a oii, /oi,
niaeanii aeaenoaothuaio ii?yaeeo o/aoa cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai, iieaoa
aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia ni n?ieii aieaa aiaea ia aeeth/aaony a
naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee e inouanoaeyaony i?aaei?eyoeyie ca n/ao
i?eauee, inoathuaeny a eo ?anii?yaeaiee.
Eiuie neiaaie, i?aaei?eyoeyi i?e oaeii iaoaiecia eiaeaenaoeee
e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia iieo/aoue eo iaaiciiaeii. Ii auaiaeai ee oaeie
ii?yaeie o/aoa eioeyoeee a i?ioeanna e?aaeeoiaaiey eiiia?/aneei aaieai e
no?aoiaui i?aaiecaoeeyi? Aiaeec iieacuaaao i?aeoe/aneia ?aaainoai noii,
aica?auaaiuo aaieai (no?aoiaui i?aaiecaoeeyi) aeey iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoia a
oneiaeyo eiaeaenaoeee iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai e?aaeeoa, i?e onoaiiaeaiee a
yoii neo/aa o/aoiie noaaee a niioaaonoaee n ie?iaie i?aeoeeie ia o?iaia
5 – 8% aiaeiauo e aa?eaioa eiaeaenaoeee noaaee ?aoeiaine?iaaiey. Aaieai
(no?aoiaui i?aaiecaoeeyi) auaiaeiaa aa?eaio eiaeaenaoeee noii e?aaeeoia.
I?e eiaeaenaoeee e?aaeeoa e aeeth/aiee i?ioeiaine?iaaiiuo ec iaai cao?ao
a naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey niiaoo iieueciaaoueny
aeieain?i/iuie e?aaeeoaie, e, neaeiaaoaeueii, aaiee (no?aoiaua
i?aaiecaoeee), auiieiyy o?aaiaaiey Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea ii o/anoeth a
no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieea, iieo/ao i?eaueue, yeaeaaeaioioth e?aoein?i/iui
nnoaeai. E?iia oiai, iiiieiyy aeoeau noiiaie, i?aaenoaaeythueie
eiaeaenaoeeth e?aaeeoia, aaiee e no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee niiaoo
eiaeaene?iaaoue naie n?aaenoaa e, niioaaonoaaiii, aeaiiceoiua aeeaaeu.
Yoi iicaieeo ei ?anoe?eoue naoue eeeaioia e oaaee/eoue aeoeau.
Aianoa n oai i?e eiaeaenaoeee e?aaeeoia e oiaiueoaiee o/aoiie noaaee
?acei nieaeathony iaeiae, ia?a/eneyaiua aaieaie e no?aoiauie
i?aaiecaoeeyie a athaeaeao. Iaeiaei iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue auai?, /oi
ioaeiaa yeiiiieea: iao/ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann e aeaaiaea?y aio
no?oeoo?iay ia?ano?ieea i?iiuoeaiiinoe eee oi?ie?iaaiea athaeaeaoa ca
n/ao ia?aueaaiey oi?aiai-iin?aaeie/aneeo iia?aoeee i?e iaoeeiiiii
nie?auaiee iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa. Eiia/ii aea, aoi?ie iooue
aania?niaeoeaai. Aaaeii o/eouaaoue, /oi i?e iaeeaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaa e
aai e?aaeeoiaaiey iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey a athaeaeao io i?iiuoeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe a oeaeii i?aaunyo oiaiueoaiea noiiu iaeiaia, aceiaaiuo n
aaieia e no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee a aeaiiie noa?a.
3.5. Oi?ie?iaaiea ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u ii ioneaaeeaaieth IEIE?.
I?e iaaeinoaoi/iinoe e iayooaeoeaiii eniieueciaaiee e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia
aieueoay caneoaa a nio?aiaiee iaoee e iiaeaea?aeaiee a ?aaioiniiniaiii
ninoiyiee i?iecaiaenoaa a iineaaeiea aeaa aiaea i?eiaaeeaaeeo
aiaathaeaeaoiui oiiaeai, nicaeaaaaiui i?e io?aneaauo aiia?aoao
oi?aaeaiey ca n/ao io/eneaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo eieeaeoeaia. I?e yoii,
aeaaiie i?e/eiie iaoaea/ e iao?yaeeoe i?e iayooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey
e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia yaeeinue ionoonoaea eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaea e
oi?ie?iaaieth eiiiaaoeee, aeeeoothuaai iaiaoiaeeiinoue iieiiai o/aoa
cao?ao io ?ac?aaioee aei i?aaiecaoeee na?aeniiai ianeoaeeaaiey.
Neacaeinue e ionoonoaea eio?ano?oeoo?u, iicaieythuae ec aieueoiai
eiee/anoaa i?iaeoia, i?aaenoaaeyaiuo i?aaei?eyoeyie, ia?aaeei n
aaeeinoaaiiie oeaeueth – iieo/eoue aacaiciacaeiia oeiaine?iaaiea,
aua?aoue yooaeoeaiue aa?eaio nicaeaiey eiieo?aioiniiniaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Yoi i?eaaei e ?aniueaieth n?aaenoa oiiaeia, e aac oiai iaaeinoaoi/iuo
aeey no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee. Aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey ieacaeny ia aioia e
auiieiaieth aieueoiai iauaia ?aaiou ii ioeaiea aiciiaeiinoae
i?aaei?eyoee a inouanoaeaiee i?aaeeaaaaiuo i?iaeoia, a oaeaea a
i?iaaaeaiee ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, iniaaiii eco/aiee ?uieia
aeaeueiaai ca?oaaaeuey.
Ia?yaeo n ia?aoaiiinoueth i?iaeai eniieueciaaiey aioo?aiieo
aiciiaeiinoae a oeiaine?iaaiee eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna e?aeia iaei
oneeee i?aaei?eieiaaony ii i?eaea/aieth ca?oaaaeiuo e?aaeeoia e
eiaaoeoeee. Iniiaiuie aa?uea?aie ia iooe i?aaiecaoee niaianoiie ?aaiou
iaae i?iaeoaie n eiino?aiiuie ia?oia?aie yaeythony ia?aoaiiinoue
aii?inia i i?aaeinoaaeaiee ei a /anoioth nianoaaiiinoue caiee e
naiaiaeiii auaica i?eauee, a oaeaea ionoonoaea ?aaeueiuo aa?aioee ii
caueoa nianoaaiiinoe ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoi?ia, oi anoue neaainoue iiea aua
no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee a ?O.
Aianoa n oai, ?anniao?eaay iioaioeeaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue o/anoey
eiino?aiiuo ia?oia?ia a no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieea i?iiuoeaiiinoe e, a
/anoiinoe, nicaeaiee eieeo?aioiniiniaiuo iiaiaaaaeaiee, iaiaoiaeeii
o/eouaaoue, /oi iie i?aneaaeotho naie oeaee e aeaaioai?eoaeueiinoueth
caieiaoueny ia aoaeoo. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao iiuo ?aeiino?oeoeee
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa Ainoi/iie Aa?iaiee, ioeoaea aue ecaea/ai
eioaeeaeooaeueiue e oaoiieiae/aneee iioaioeeae, i?aaenoaaeythuee eioa?an
aeey caiaaeiuo caiaeue, a ia ainoiea nicaeathony ?ae?aaoeeiiiua ciiu, oi
anoue aeiiieieoaeueiua ?uiee nauoa aeey caiaaeiiaa?iaineie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Iaeiaei no?oeoo?ioth ia?ano?ieeo i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ianiio?y ia, iao/iua e
oaoiieiae/aneea caaeaeu i?aaei?eyoee, iaeuecy ?aaeeciaaoue oieueei
neeaie oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia. Iaiaoiaeeia i?aaiecaoeeiiiay e
iaoa?eaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea ainoaea?noaa.
E?aeia iaaeeaiii oi?ie?oaony ?uii/iay eio?ano?oeoo?a, e iniaaiii oa aa
/anoue, eioi?ay aeieaeia iaania/eoue ?acaeoea eiiia?aoeeiiiuo naycae n
ca?oaaaeiuie ia?oia?aie. Yoi eanaaony eioi?iaoeeiiiiai, ia?eaoeiaiaiai,
aoaeeoi?neiai, no?aoiaiai e aaieianeiai ianeoaeeaaiey niaianoiie
eicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu caeeth/aaony a
i?aaiecaoeee niioaaonoaothoeo niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee,
aaaionoa, oiiaeia e o. ae. n o/anoeai eiino?aiiuo eiiiaiee. Oaeie
iiaeoiae nicaeano iaiin?aaenoaaiiue eiioaeo iioaioeeaeueiuo aeiii?ia n
?aoeeieaioaie ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoeoeee, niaaeeieo eioi?iaoeeth ia
eioa?anao eiaanoi?ia n aiciiueiinoyie ioa/anoaaiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
iiauneo aeiaa?ea e aoaeeoi?neei caeeth/aieyi iioaioeeaeueiie
yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaeeaaaaiuo e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoia, iaania/eo
?aaeueiinoue no?aoiaaiey e aaieianeia ianeoaeeaaiea eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoeoeee.
Oaeei ia?acii, iaeaieaa oeaiiuie aniaeoaie a oneiaeyo ?enea e
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe?uiea a iaeanoe acaeiiioiioaiee eiaanoeoeee e
eiiiaaoeee iiaeii ioiaoeoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaiaoiaeeiinoue
nicaeaiey no?aoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie e aaieaie aioo?aiiae nenoaiu, /aoei
?aaae?othuae ia iaeaeoea aiaoiea eciaiaiey a iaeanoe eiiiaaoeee n
oeaeueth i?eaeaiey ei aieaa cia/eiiai noaoona i?e iiiiue eo
eiaanoe?iaaiey.
A aeaiiii neo/aa iaeaieaa ?acoiiui n iiceoeee ethaie no?aoiaie
i?aaiecaoeee eee eiiia?/aneiai aaiea aeaeeony neaaeothuay
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe. Nia/aea, eiiiaiee oianoii auei au
ioeaieoue aiaoiea oneiaey a eioi?uo iia iaoiaeeony, oi anoue iauaa
iieiaeaiea aeae ia e?aaeeoii-eiaanoeoeeiiiii ?uiea a ianoiyuaa a?aiy.
Aeaeaa, eiiiaiey aeieaeia ii?aaeaeeoue aeey naay ee/iue o?iaaiue
iaiaoiaeeiinoe nenoaiaoecaoeee e eiiieaeniinoe ?aoaiey i?iaeaii a
aeaiiuo oneiaeyo i?e iinoaiiaea eiie?aoiie caaea/e a ii?aaeaeaiiii
iauaia iaycaoaeueiiai aa eniieiaiey.
Iinea oiai, eae ea/anoaaiiue o?iaaiue aiaoiae n?aaeu, au?aaeaiiue a
aeaoo i?aaeuaeoueo iiceoeeyo, aue ii?aaeaeai, i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia
?ano?nii iaania/eoue oa oeaee, eioi?ua iia ia?aae niaie iinoaaeea. A
ea/anoaa ?ano?na a aeaiiii neo/aa eiiiaiee neaaeoao au?aaioaoue
ii?aaeaeaiioth eiee/anoaaiioth nenoaio ia? e iaoiaeia, iicaieythuoth
ioae?aoue iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiua e eiieo?aioiniiniaiua iiaiaaaaeaiey.
I?e/ai, caeanue neaaeoao o/eouaaoue oio oaeo, /oi oi?ie?iaaiea aeaiiie
aioo?aiiae nenoaiu iaania/aiey aeayoaeueiinoe aaiea eee no?aoiaie
i?aaiecaoeee iaaiciiaeii aac ?aoaiey i?iaeaiu iioeaaoeee eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia e no?aoiauo i?aaiecaoeee (aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo) e eiaanoe?iaaieth
e?aaeeoiuo n?aaenoa a iauee i?ioeann eiiiaaoeeiiiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey.
Eae ?acoeueoao, eiiiaiey aeieaeia no?aieoueny e oi?ie?iaaieth e
aeaeueiaeoaio oeo/oaieth oaeie ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u, eioi?ay iiiiaaea
au no?aoiaui i?aaiecaoeeyi e eiiia?/aneei aaieai ioneaaeeaaoue aiaoiea
ianoiyoaeuenoaa a caaeneiinoe io aioo?aiieo aiciiaeiinoae e aeaeaaiee
oe?iu, oi anoue eio?ano?oeoo?u ii ioneaaeeaaieth IEIE?. Oiaeueei a
aeaiiii neo/aa e n o/aoii eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaea eiiia?/aneea aaiee e
no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee iiaoo aeiaeoueny /aai-eeai cia/eiiai a oneiaeyo
?enea, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e auno?ie niaiu “eeeiaoa” ?uiea.
4. CAEETH*AIEA.
Eae ?acoeueoao,
5. EEOA?AOO?A.
1. I.A.Eeieoianeee, Iniiau ioeaiee eiaanoeoeeiiiuo e oeiainiauo
?aoaiee, Iineaa, AeYEA, 1996 aiae;
2. AEo?iae “Yeiiiieno” ca 1995-1996 aiaeu;
3. ss.I.Ie?eei, Aaieianeea iia?aoeee (/anoue o?aouey: eiaanoeoeeiiiua
iia?aoeee aaieia e yienneiiii-o/?aaeeoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue
aaieia).
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