Aaaaeaiea.
Eiiieaeniua ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey nicaeatho iainiiaaiioth aaco
aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee i no?aoaaee e i?ia?aiia ?acaeoey
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie e nauoiaie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. I?iaiice?iaaiea
?uiea, ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee e ieaie?iaaiea naieo aeaenoaee ia ?uiea,
oi?ie?iaaiea ?uii/iiai ni?ina – iniiaiua i?eioeeiu ia?eaoeiaiaie
eiioeaioeee aioo?eoe?iaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. A ioee/ea io eiioeaioeee
oi?aaeaiey, eiaiii no?aoaae/aneia oi?aaeaiea, i?aaeaeaeaiea
iineaaeothueo aeaenoaee oe?iu niioaaonoaaiii eciaiythueiny o?aaiaaieyi
?uiea, ?ac?aaioea eiiieaena acaeiioaycaiiuo ia? a iaeanoe oiaa?iie,
nauoiaie, oeaiiaie e noeioee?othuae iieeoeee n o/aoii aiciiaeiie
?aaeoeee eiieo?aioia e o.ae. i?aaenoaaeytho cia/eoaeueiua i?aeiouanoaa
ia?eaoeiaiaiai iiaeoiaea e oi?aaeaieth a i?iecaiaenoaaiii-nauoiaie e
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth oe?iu. I?iaiaeeoue aeieain?i/ioth
no?aoaae/aneoth iieeoeeo, ecaaaaoue cia/eoaeueiuo yeiiiie/aneeo e
nioeeaeueiuo iio?ynaiee e aeiaeaaoueny noaaeeueiiai ?acaeoey e
ia?niaeoeaiuo oniaoia iicaieytho ia?eaoeiaiaua i?ia?aiiu. I?ia?aiia
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe iineo ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, e anee
?oeiaiaenoai niaeaoaaony n aa niaea?aeaieai e i?eieiaao aa, oi iia
aoiaeeo ninoaaiie /anoueth a iauee ieai ?aaiou oe?iu, eioi?ie oaea
i?eaeaaony neea aee?aeoeaiiai aeieoiaioa. Anoanoaaiii, ieai oe?iu aieaa
oe?ieee, iaaeaee ia?eaoeiaiaay i?ia?aiia e aeeth/aao aeiiieieoaeueii
oaeea aii?inu eae oeiainiaay, eaae?iaay iieeoeea e o. ae. iaeiaei,
iaeioi?ua oe?iu neeiiiu ?anniao?eaaoue ia?eaoeiaiaoth i?ia?aiio eae
i?iia?ac e iniiao iieiiai ieaia.
Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu ia?eaoeiaa.
Oe?ia, aeey eioi?ie ia?eaoeia iaiaoiaeei, aeieaeia ninoaaeyoue
ia?eaoeiaiaoth i?ia?aiiu iinoiyiii, a ia io neo/ay e neo/ath.
A ia?eaoeiaa eniieuecoaony i?eioeei neieuecyuaai ieaie?iaaiey,
i?aaeoniao?eaathuee oaeouoth iineaaeiaaoaeueioth ei??aeoe?iaeo
iieacaoaeae. E i?eia?o, anee i?ia?aiia ninoaaeaia ia 5 eao, oi
ei??aeoe?iaee aeieaeiu aiineony aaeaaiaeii, a aeey ?inneeneeo oneiaee
aeaaea /aua, iineieueeo iieeoe/aneay e yeiiiie/aneay ianoaaeeueiinoue
iaoiaeyo naia io?aaeaiea ia ethaii ?uiea e aeinoeaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo
eiee/anoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae ( iauai i?eauee, iauai ?uiea e o. ae. )
iai?yioth caaenyo io iinoiyiii eciaiythueony noaaie iaeiaia, o?iaiy
eioeyoeee, auieao ca?aaioiie ieaou a ?acee/iuo ?aaeiiao, nioeeaeueiuo
i?ia?aii i?aaeoaeuenoaa, oeacia ii iiaiaeo cai?auaiey iaeioi?uo aeaeia
?aeeaiu e o. i. Iiyoiio, iaiaoiaeeii aeeth/aiea a ieaiu iaeioi?uo
oeiainiauo e ?ano?niuo “iiaeooae” – ?aca?aiuo oiiaeia ia neo/ae
iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
I?e ?ac?aaioea ia?eaoeiaiauo i?ia?aii, eae e ieaiia aioo?eoe?iaiiiai
?acaeoey, eniieuecoaony oaeaea i?eioeei iiiaiaa?eaioiinoe, o. a.
niioaaonoaothuea neoaeau i?aaeii/eoatho aioiaeoue ia iaeei, a ianeieueei
aa?eaioia ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiu e ieaia (iau/ii 3 aa?eaioa –
ieieiaeueiue eee iaeooaeoee, iioeiaeueiue, iaeaieaa aa?iyoiue e
iaeneiaeueiue eee iaeeo/oee).
I?eiaiaiea ia?eaoeiaa.
Iaeia ec iniiaiuo caaea/ ia?eaoeiaa – onoaiiaeaiea iaeneiaeueii
aiciiaeiie ieaiiia?iinoe e i?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoe a aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,
oiaiueoaiea iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e ?enea a oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e
iaania/aiea eiioeaio?aoeee ?ano?nia ia aua?aiiuo i?ei?eoaoiuo
iai?aaeaieyo.
Iauai?eciaiiui yaeyaony iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi a oneiaeyo ?acaeoiai
?uiea ?ac?aaioea e i?eiaiaiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe –
iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo ooieoeee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae aunoaai caaia.
No?aoaae/aneee iiaeoiae e ia?eaoeiao iaiaoiaeei aeey : 1. ecaaaeaiey
iaeneiecaoeee oaeouae i?eauee a oua?a ?aoaieth aeieain?i/iuo caaea/
(anee ia aua?aia no?aoaaey “nai?a o?iaeay”)
2. i?eaioe?iaaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae a aieueoae noaiaie ia
i?aaeaeaeaiea aoaeoueo eciaiaiee aiaoiae n?aaeu, /ai ia ?aaae?iaaiea ia
oaea i?iecioaaeoea
3. ?ani?aaeaeaiea anaaaea aieaa eee iaiaa ia?aie/aiiuo
?ano?nia ia i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey.
Ii iaiaoiaeeia iaiai?ea i oii, /oi ia?eaoeia eiaao iieiaeeoaeueiua
iineaaenoaey i?e iaee/ee neaaeothueo 6 oneiaee:
1) ?uiie iieoiaoaey – o. a. nouanoaaiiia i?aauoaiea i?aaeeiaeaiey iaae
ni?inii, canoaaeythuea i?iaeaaoeia oiaa?ia eee oneoa ai?ioueny ca
aieiaiea eeeaioa;
2) eiieo?aioeey, ai?ueaa ca aeieth ?uiea (/oi a i?eioeeia auoaeaao ec
i?aaeuaeouaai oneiaey);
3) naiaiaeiua ?uii/iua ioiioaiey ai aiaoiae n?aaea, o. a. aiciiaeiinoue
aac aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ia?aie/aiee auae?aoue ?uiee nauoa e niaaaeaiey;
4) naiaiaeiay aeayoaeueiinoue aaeieieno?aoeee ai aioo?aiiae n?aaea
i?aaei?eyoey ioiineoaeueii oeaeae aai aeayoaeueiinoe, iiiaieeaoo?u
oiaa?ia, /eneaiiinoe nio?oaeieeia e o. ae.
5) naiaiaeiay iea?aoeey eaieoaea;
6) naiaiaeiay iea?aoeey ?aai/ae neeu.
Ia?aia e aoi?ia oneiaea aeey i?eiaiaiey ia?eaoeiaa iaiaoiaeeiu,
iineieueeo ia?eaoeia n/eoaaony aei?iainoiyuei oaeiaieuenoaeai (?anoiaeu
ia iaai aei 5-20 % aiaeiaiai iauaia i?iaeaae), e anee a ia?eaoeiaa iao
na?ueaciie iaiaoiaeeiinoe ( oe?ia yaeyaony iiiiiieenoii eee ?aaioaao ii
oaa?aeui caeacai), oi aeeth/aiea aai a oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaii iiaeao
auoue iayooaeoeaii.
O?aouea e /aoaa?oia oneiaea aaaeiu, ii eo iaiieiioa (o. e. iieiia eo
ionoonoaea ia?aaeueii aeaaea a ieaiiaie yeiiiieea) nieaeaao
yooaeoeaiinoue ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, ia?aie/aiiay naiaiaea
aeaenoaee ia iicaieyao aeaei ?aaae?iaaoue ia aeeiaie/iua nia?aiaiiua
?uiee.
Iyoia e oanoia oneiaea iiaeii iacaaoue aanueia aeaeaoaeueiuie, o. e. eo
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue iaoaao ?ac?aaioea ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee ia
aeeeoaeueiuo io?aceao a?aiaie, e anee oeaeyie oe?iu yaeyaony ?anoe?aiea
i?iecaiaenoaa,aeiee ?uiea, aeeaa?neoeeaoeey iiiaieeaoo?u, ia?aeeth/aiea
ia ae?oaie aeae i?iaeoeoeee, oi ianaiaiaeiay iea?aoeey iniiaiuo
ninoaaeythueo ethaiai aeciana nouanoaaiii cao?oaeiyao aeinoeaeaiea
iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
Enoiaey ec yoiai noaiiaeony iiiyoii, ii/aio ia ?inneeneii ?uiea oieueei
nae/an eaeao inaiaiea iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia ia?eaoeiaa, iineieueeo a
iaaeaeaeii i?ioeii o ian a no?aia i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth ionoonoaiaaee
ana 6 oneiaee.
Oaeoi?u ia?eaoeiaa, eo naiaia?acea ia ?inneeneii ?uiea.
Iaiauaiii aiai?y ia yooaeoeaiii ooieoeeiie?iaaiee ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aa iniiaiay oeaeue – iaeneiaeueiia eciaiaiea oi?aaeyaiuo
oaeoi?ia e iaeneiaeueiia i?eniiniaeaiea e oaeoi?ai iaoi?aaeyaiui a
niioaaonoaee n iinoaaeaiiuie oeaeyie. E oi?aaeyaiui oaeoi?ai ioiinyony:
no?aoaaey e oeaee oe?iu, iauee eeeiao aioo?e oe?iu ( aioiaiinoue
?eneiaaoue, iiaaoi?noai, iaae/aeiaa/aneea ioiioaiey), yeaiaiou aeaeiaie
aeoeaiinoe (i?iecaiaenoai, oeiainu, IEIE? e o. ae. ). iaoi?aaeyaiua
oaeoi?u – iieeoeea eiieo?aioia, i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anii?yaeaiey,
yeiiiie/aneea, nioeeaeueiua e ae?oaea eaoaeeeciu. Nouanoaoao oaeaea
iieooi?aaeyaiue oaeoi? – iiaaaeaiea iieoiaoaeae, ii ia iie acaeyae,
niaoeeoeea aai eiaiii a ?innee – oi, /oi ii nei?aa ioiineony e
oi?aaeyaiui, iineieueeo aicaeaenoaeth?aeeaiu e ?acee/iuo ?aeeaiiuo
aeoeee ia ?inneyi (a /anoiinoe ia iineae/ae) iiaeii oieueei
oaeeaeyoueny, aiciiaeii, iioiio, /oi yoi yaeyaony aua iiea iiaoanoaii ia
?inneeneii ?uiea e eiiiie?iaaiea aieiaiey ni noi?iiu oe?iu
(au?aaeathuaany a ono?iaiee aanieaoiuo aeaaonoaoeee, ?ani?iaeaaeao ni
neeaeeie, eioa?ayo e o. i.)ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyao aeaeueiaeoee auai?
iio?aaeoaey. E eiaiii iiyoiio ca?oaaaeiua eiiiaiee n ?acaeoie
ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeaie ( iai?eia?, IBM , eniieuecothuay ia ?inneeneii
?uiea iniaoth no?aoaaeth caaiaaaiey eeeaioo?u n oeaiaia ) ia eiatho
i?iaeai n aiaae?aieai ia iao ?uiie i?iaeoeoeee, eiiaaea na?ueacii
onooiathuae ii ea/anoao ?inneeneei aiaeiaai (/oi iniaaiii eanaaony
i?iaeoeoia). E a ianoiyuaa a?aiy a oneiaeyo caoiaa?eaaiey iiiaeo, anee
ia aieueoeinoaa, ?uieia iaoae no?aiu eiioeaio?aoeey aieiaiey ia
ia?eaoeiaiauo oneeeyo ?inneeneeo oe?i aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeia aeey oiai,
/oiau oioy au inoaoueny ia ieaao.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea.
Ia?eaoeiaiaua neoaeau iiaoo i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie 2 o?iaiy oi?aaeaiey:
oeaio?aeueiua ia?eaoeiaiaua neoaeau e iia?aoeaiua ioaeaeu.
A iauai aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey oe?iie oeaio?aeueiua ia?eaoeiaiaua neoaeau
– eii?aeeie?othuea, ieaie?othuea e eiio?iee?othuea i?aaiu no?aoaaee
i?iecaiaenoaaiii- nauoiaiai oi?aaeaiey. I?e yoii aieueoeinoai
iia?aoeaiuo aii?inia ii ?aaeecaoeee eiiieaeniie ?uii/iie e oiaa?iie
iieeoeee ?aoaaony ia ieciaii o?iaia – iaiin?aaenoaaiiuie
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a.
No?oeoo?a ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea ?aciiia?acia. Iaeiaei, i?ineaaeeaay
nenoaiu eeiaeiuo e ooieoeeiiaeueiuo naycae iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea
iniiaiua oeiu:
-ii
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