INEOIEIAEss E YOEEA OI?AAEAIEss
Eaeoeey 1.
1. Iiiyoea yoeee.
2. No?oeoo?a yoeee
3. ?acaeoea yoeee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
4. ?ieue yoeoee a aeciana.
5. Ii?aaeaeaiea yoeee aeciana.
6. Aniaeou yoeee aeciana.
7. Iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey yoeee a ?innee
Yoeea – iaoea i ii?aee, aa nouiinoe, caeiiao aa enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey e
?iee a iauanoaaiiie aeecie.
Yoeea
Iaua/aeiaa/aneay yoeea I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea
TH?eaee/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue Iaaeeoeeia
Iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai
Yoeea i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa.
1. A?enoioaeue
Anee aeeaaeuaaoue o?oae a i?iecaiaenoai, iieo/aoue n yoiai i?eaueue, yoi
yoe/ii.
Anee aeaaoa aeaiueae a aeiea iiae %-ou, oi yoi iayoe/ii.
2. Oiia Aeaeineee
?annoaeaeaiey i ni?aaaaeeeainoe oeaiu oiaa?a. Ana i?aaei?eieiaoaee
aeieaeiu neaaeiaaoue iaua/aeiaa/aneie yoeea.
3. Iaen Aaaa? aeey aeaea
Aa?ia? Ciiaa?o
Ea?e Ia?en a aeaea
4. 1952 aiae Naieia? “Yoeea ia ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeaa”
5. 1989 aiae Eiioa?aioeey “Yoeea a i?aaeoaeuenoaa”
6. 1992 aiae Eiioa?aioeey a. Iineaa (iaaeaeoia?iaeiay) “Yoeea
aeciana”
Yoeea aeciana:
1) Aaeieieno?aoeaiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue
2) Yoe/aneea aniaeou i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee
3) Yoeea e eiae?iaaiea
4) Aii?inu iao/aiey yoeea
5) Eiioeeeo oeaiiinoae a i?aaiecaoeee
O?aaiaaiey e iaiaaeaea?o a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea
Aeaoeoeeoiay yeiiiieea Ia?aoiaeiue ia?eiae
1) I?ioanneiiaeeci 1) I?ioanneiiaeeci
2) Auiieieoue ieai 2) Iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai o/eouaaoue eciaiaiey a
iieeoe/aneie, i?aaiaie, oaoiieiae/., aeaiia?aoe/., eioi?iaoeeiiiie e
yeieiae/aneie noa?ao
3) Oiaiea oi?ioi ioee/aoueny 3) Aioo?aiiyy naiinoiyoaeueiinoue e oiaiea
?eneiaaoue
4) Aeieaeai oiaoue aeeoioee?iaaoue eioi?iaoeeth
5) Eoeueoeae?iaaoue ieth?aeeci iiaiee
6) Oiaiea nicaeaaaoue ?aai/ea eieeaeoeau
Iniiaiua i?e/eiu, eioi?ua i?eaaee iaoa iauanoai e noaaiaoeee:
1) Iieeoe/aneay e nioeeaeueiay ianoaaeeueiinoue iauanoaa, naycaiiay n
i?iaaaeaieai 3-ao ?aoi?i:
– iieeoe/aneay
– yeiiiie/aneay
– nioeeaeueiay
2) Ionoonoaea onoie/eaie i?eau/ee e i?aanoaaiiiio naiieiio?ieth e
naiiia?aie/aieth
3) Ainiiaenoai a iauanoaa noa?iai noeey iuoeaiey
Oa?aeoa?enoeea:
a) Iia?e?iaaiea ia?iuie eaoaai?eyie iiey?iiai iuoeaiey. A noa?a aeciana
yoi i?eaiaeeo e eiioeeeoai ai a?aiy ia?aaiai?ia e niioaaonoaaiii e eo
?ac?uao.
a) Neeiiiinoue e iieneo i?inouo, iaeiiia?iuo ?aoaiee
a) Aunoay oeaiiinoue – yoi aeanoue, a ia /aeiaae.
Oeaeue aeenoeeieeiu yoeee aeciana:
1) I?aiaeieaoue noa?aioeiu iuoeaiey
2) Au?aaioaoue oiaiea ?oeiaiaeeoue ethaeueie n o/aoii i?aanoaaiiuo
eaoaai?ee.
3) Iieo/aoue e eniieueciaaoue yooaeoeaioth, ineoieiae/aneoth
eioi?iaoeeth.
4) Ecaeaeaoue ec iaaaoeaiiai iiuoa iiceoeaiua auaiaeu
5) Oiaoue caieiaoueny naiiaiaeecii e iauaeoeaiie naiiioeaieie
Yoeea aeciana naycaia ni neaaeothueie aeenoeeieeiaie:
Ia?eaoeia Oeeinioey Nioeeieiaey
Yoeea aeciana
Eoeueoo?ieiaey Ineoieiaey Iieeoieiaey
Oanoue enoi/ieeia yoeee aeciana:
1) Ianeaaenoaaiiinoue (yaiethoeeiiiua neeu anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a
ieacuaatho aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea oaeeo /a?o, eae aeueo?oeci e eiiia?aoeey,
eioi?ua eaaeao a iniiaa yoe/aneie nenoaiu).
2) ?aeeaey (yoa iniiaa oi?ie?oao yoeeo aeciana)
3) Oeeinioneay nenoaia (Yieeo?aeoeu: aeia?iaeaoaeue – oaeiaieuenoaea io
aeayoaeueiinoe; noieee e io?eoaia: o?oaeiethaea e yeiiiie/iinoue)
4) Eoeueoo?iue iiuo (i?aaeea, iau/ae, ia?aaeaaaiey ec iieieaiey a
iieieaiea)
5) I?aaiaay nenoaia (caeii aeaao i?aaenoaaeaiea ia yoe/aneii eo?na
aeecie, ii ia au?aaeaao anao yoe/aneeo i?aaeii/oaiee iauanoaa)
6) Ii?iu iiaaaeaiey:
– ii?aaeaeaiiua ii?iu iiaaaeaiey ia oe?ia
– iia?aoeaiay iieeoeea eiiiaiee
– yoe/aneea eiaeaenu eiiiaiee
Auaiae: Yoeea aeciana – yoi i?ioeann, a oiaea eioi?iai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeue, ainoaea?noaaiiue neoaeauee eee iaiaaeaea? ii?aaeaeyao
yoe/aneea noaiaea?ou a ioiioaiee aicieeathueo a i?aaiecaoeee i?iaeai,
naiinoiyoaeueii aiaeece?oao yoe noaiaea?ou e ianao ee/ioth,
i?ioanneiiaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?eiyoua ?aoaiey.
A yoii ii?aaeaeaiee iiaeii auaeaeeoue 2 iiiaioa:
1) Niaea?aeaiea yoe/aneeo noaiaea?oia
2) I?ioeann, iicaieythuee eo aini?iecaiaeeoue.
Eaeoeey 2.
Yoeea i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa aeeth/aao 4 eiiiiiaioa:
1) Oeaiiinoe: oaaaeaeaiey, iiaiey, ioiioaiey ethaeae, iauanoaa a oeaeii
e oaeei iiiyoeyi, eae naiaiaea, ni?aaaaeeeainoue, /anoiinoue,
eiyeueiinoue, iaeo?aeueiinoue e ioaaonoaaiiinoue, oa?ieiinoue.
2) Noaiaea?ou e ii?iu: i?eioeeiu, ii?aaeaeythuea aeaenoaey ethaeae, e
neoaeauea aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa e eiio?iey ca eo iiaaaeaieai (caeiiu,
eiaeaenu).
3) Aiaoiyy n?aaea: oneiaey, a eioi?uo i?ioaeaao aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae:
iieeoe/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, eoeueoo?iua e o.ae.
4) Iiaaaeaiea ethaeae: oi?iu aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia
oeaiiinoe aeaiiiai iauanoaa a ?aieao ii?aaeaeaiiuo noaiaea?oia e ii?i.
Yoeea ioaa/aao ia neaaeothuea aii?inu:
1) *oi anoue aeia?i e cei.
2) *oi iai?aaeeueii e /oi i?aaeeueii a iiaaaeaiee ethaeae a noa?a
aeciana.
3) Eaeiau eo iioeau e oneiaey eo yoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey.
4) *oi ioaeii aeaeaoue aeey oi?ie?iaaiey i?aanoaaiiuo i?eioeeiia.
*oiau iiaaaeaiea a noa?a aeciana ioaa/aei ii?aaeaeaiiui ii?iai e
noaiaea?oai, iaiaoiaeeii o?e eiiiiiaioa:
1) Aioo?aiiee eiio?ieue (ii?aeueiua i?eioeeiu e niciaiea naiiai
/aeiaaea).
2) Aiaoiee eiio?ieue (caeiiu yoeee, yoe/aneea eiaeaenu, yoe/aneea
i?eioeeiu)
3) Iaoaieci ?aoaiey yoe/aneeo aeeeaii. Yoe/aneia iao/aiea.
Aeey ?aoaiey yoiai iaoaiecia a NOA ?ac?aaioaee 4 iiaeaee ?aoaiey
yoe/aneeo aeeeaii:
1) Ee/iinoue e neooaoeey. A yoie iiaeaee 2 a?oiiu ia?aiaiiuo. 1-ay
a?oiia aeeth/aao: naiieiio?ieue, noaiaiue caaeneiinoe; 2-ay a?oiia –
neooaoeeiiiua: niiniaiinoe e naiiniaa?oainoaiaaieth, i?aaiecaoeeiiiay
eoeueoo?a.
2) Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay e aiaoiyy n?aaea. Yoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea eae
i?iecaiaeiay io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ea/anoa /aeiaaea. Aiaoiyy N?aaea
ioaaouaaao i?aaiaoth, nioeeaeueioth, i?ioanneiiaeueiua noi?iiu /aeiaaea.
3) Iiaeaeue 4-o eiiiiiaioia. A iniiao yoie iiaeaee iieiaeai
ineoieiae/aneee i?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey yoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ue
ninoieo ec /aou?ao yoaiia:
1. Yoe/aneia aini?eyoea, eioa?i?aoaoeey neooaoeee ioaeaeueiui
/aeiaaeii;
2. Yoe/aneia noaeaeaiea i aeaiiie neooaoeee;
3. Auai? ii?aeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
4. ?aaeecaoeey ii?aeueiuo ii?i.
4) Iauay iiaeaeue.
A yoie iiaeaee iauaaeeiaiu ana iniiaiua yeaiaiou i?aaeuaeoueo iiaeaeae:
aiaoiyy N?aaea, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee /aeiaaea, iniaaiiinoe
i?ioeanna i?eiyoey ?aoaiey.
Aiaoiyy n?aaea:
– nenoaia iiiu?aiee e iaeacaiee;
– acaeiiioiioaiey a eieeaeoeaa;
– ?ieue e noeeue ?oeiaiaenoaa e ioiioaiey e ?oeiaiaenoao.
Eeth/ e i?eiyoeth yoe/aneeo ?aoaiee:
1) *oi aiai?eo caeii?
2) Eaeiau oeeinioneea iniiau, eoeueoo?iua oaeoi?u, naycaiiua n aeaiiui
yoe/aneei aii?inii?
3) I?ioanneiiaeueiue iiuo e ciaiey iiiiaatho ee iiiyoue e ?aoeoue
yoe/aneoth i?iaeaio?
4) ssaeyaony ee i?aaiecaoeey /anoueth yoe/aneie i?iaeaiu?
5) *oi iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue i naaa aeey aaeaeaaoiiai ?aoaiey yoe/aneie
aeeeaiiu?
?aoaiea yoe/aneeo aeeeaii
Iaoiaeaeaiea ii?aeueiie oi/ee c?aiey (ii?aaeaeaiea niaoeeoe/aneeo i?aa e
iaycaiiinoae anao o/anoieeia ii?aeueiie aeeeaiiu).
Ianeieueei ii?aeueia oi/ea c?aiey caaeneo io oiai, ianeieueei oe?iei
noiaee ioaaoeoue anao o/anoaothueo noi?ii, eioi?ua i?aoaiaeotho, /oiau
eo i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe auee i?eiyou ai aieiaiea.
Iauea aeey anao i?eioeeiu.
Iniiaaiea – oeeinioneea i?eioeeiu nioeeaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe:
a) ooeeeoa?eci: iaeneioi aeaa aeey aieueoeinoaa ethaeae (eioa?anu aeey
anao o/anoaothueo noi?ii);
a) niaethaeaiea i?aa /aeiaaea: caueoa /anoe e aeinoieinoaa eaaeaeiai
/aeiaaea;
a) ni?aaaaeeeainoue – iaania/aiea ?aaiuo i?aa i?e ?ani?aaeaeaiee
ioaaonoaaiiinoe e aeaa.
Aeai?eoi ?aoaiey yoe/aneeo aeeeaii
1. iino?iaiea iao?eoeu eioa?ania e i?aa
EIOA?ANU I?AAA
IICEOEAIUA IAAAOEAIUA
2. iino?iaiea iao?eoeu eiioeeeoothueo o?aaiaaiee
EIOA?ANU IICEOEAIUA IAAAOEAIUA
onoaiiaeoue iauai e a?aieoeu ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?e ?aoaiee aeeeaiiu
i?eiyoea ii?aeueiie oi/ee c?aiey
ii?aaeaeeoue iauoth no?oeoo?o ii?aeueiuo a?aoiaioia noi?ii
ioeaieoue o?aaiaaiey eaaeaeie eiioeeeoothuae noi?iiu
iaeoe aaeain iaaeaeo o?aaiaaieyie (?aaainoai)
ii?aaeaeeoue iauee i?eioeei aeey aeaiiiai neo/ay
anee i?eioeei iiaeoiaeeo – eaeoe e i.13, anee iao, eaeai aeaeueoa
i?iaanoe aa?eaoeee oneiaee aeaiiiai neo/ay n iiaeiaiuie
ii?aaeaeeoue aiciiaeiua a?aieoeu ni?aaaaeeeainoe i?aaee a aeaiiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao
oi?ie?iaaiea /aoeie iiceoeee aeey eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee
i?iaeaia ?aoaia
Nouiinoue yoeee.
Eae aeenoeeieeia yoeea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ii?iaoeaioth iaoeo. A iae
oii? aeaeaaony ia ia oi, /oi i?aaenoaaeyao neooaoeey, a ia oi, eae iia
aicieeea, /oi neaaeoao aeaeaoue, a /oi iao.
Yoeea aeciana eanaaony ii?i e oeaiiinoae ii?aaeaeaiiie aaaeiinoe, o.a.
oao, eioi?ua ethaee ia iiaoo eaaei eaii?e?iaaoue.
Niioiioaiea iaua/aeiaa/aneie yoeee e yoeee aeciana.
4 iniiaiuo yoe/aneeo eaoaai?ee: aeiaa?ea, /anoiinoue, ea/-ai o?oaea e
niaanoue.
Iniiaiay yoe/aneay eaoaai?ey a aeciana, eioi?ay naycaia n aeaiueaaie –
aeiaa?ea.
Oai, aaea aeiaa?ea e aeaiueaai ionoonoaoao, nou. iniaue aeae naeaeee –
aa?oa?iay naeaeea (aeaieiia niaiaaeaiea iio?aaiinoae)
Oaeie aeae naeaeie ioiineony e yeiiiieea aeaoeoeeoa.
2-y ooieoeey aeaiaa – o/aoiay, naycaia n aeiaa?eai (a iaoae yeiiiieea
ionoonoaoao)
Nou. 2 iiaeoiaea ia aii?in i nouanoaiaaiee yoeee a aeciana:
1. Yoe/aneee ?aeyoeaeci;
2. Oieaa?naeueiua yoe/aneea ii?iu.
Nouiinoue 1-ai iiaeoiaea:
– ethaee, i?eaea?aeeaathueany yoiai iiaeoiaea, n/eoatho, /oi aeey ethaie
?aoa?aioiie (iniaie) a?oiiu o?aaothony naie yoe/aneea ii?iu, o.a.
iau/iua ii?iu ii?aee n aecianii ianiaianoeiu e o?aaoaony ?ac?aaioea
naieo niaoeeoe/aneeo ii?i.
2-y a?oiia (iiaeoiae) e aieueoeinoai ethaeae n/eoatho, /oi a aeciana
yoeea aeieaeia iniiauaaoueny ia anaiaueo ii?aeueiuo ii?iao, ii yoe ii?iu
aeieaeiu eiie?aoece?iaaoueny n o/aoii nioeeaeueiie ?iee aeciana.
Iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey yoeee aeciana a ?innee.
Ethaia ?acaeoea no?aiu aeeyao ia ana einoeooou no?aiu, a o./. ia
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai.
Iaoa yoeea ?acaeaaaony iiae aicaeaenoaeai 2-o eoeueoo?.
Eoeueoo?a – nenoaia oeaiiinoae, onoaiiaie, i?aaee, oaaeiiia, ?eooaeia
iiaaaeaiey.
Eoeueoo?a aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie nenoaiu
?
Eoeueoo?a oaiaaie yeiiiieee
?
AEanoeay yoeea
?
Yoeea aeaieiie ii?aee
?
Iaoa aeaeiaay yoeea yeiiiieee ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea
?
? ?
3 a?oiiu i?aaei?eieiaoaeae
30-a aa. – eaaa?iay yeiiiieea – neoaeaiea nenoaia, ?aaneee o?oae
(aanieaoiue), oea?eiaue auea ioaeaeaia io ainoaea?noaa, ?aeeaey
cai?auaia. ?uiie nouanoaiaae, iioaioeeaeueii nouanoaiaaea ?uii/iay
yeiiiieea, auee i?aaeiinueee e oaiaaie yeiiiieea.
50-60-a aa. – iaoaieci aeanoe aue ineaaeai (iooaiaeue), aeanoeee
aeaniioeci ia?anoae nouanoaiaaoue. Aicieeea yoeea aeaieiie ii?aee.
Naaoeiai aoaeouaai iao, ?aeeaee iao.
3 a?oiiu i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.
1. I?eoee ec ia?oeeiie iiiaieeaoo?u. Aeaeiaay oaaoea, oeaieinoue, ciaiea
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, eo iniiaiua /a?ou. Oaeaea oe?ieay naoue iaoi?iaeueiuo
naycae. Ioiuaatho ia?oeeiua aeaiueae.
2. I?eoee ec oaiaaie yeiiiieee. Ioiuaatho aeaiueae /a?iiai aeciana.
Auaoea ?aaioieee oicyenoaa. Eo /a?ou: aeanoieinoue, aeaeiaay oaaoea,
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai.
3. Eiaeaia?u, o/eoaey, a?a/e, eioi?ua ia iaoee naay a naiae i?ioannee
eee ec-ca ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Aue i?iaaaeai aiaeec yoeo 3-o a?oii, aaea eniieueciaaeny iaoiae Aeeoi?a
O?aiea.
Nooue: /aeiaae no?ieo naith aeeciue ia iioeaaoeeyo.
Niune o/aiey – no?aieaiea e iieneo e ?aaeecaoeee /aeiaaeii niunea
aeecie.
*aou?aooaieueiee, aaea a eaaeaeue naaiaio iiiaee ii ineoieiae/aneiio
ninoiyieth yoe 3 a?oiiu i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.
inouanoaeaiea aeaeaiee
IV I
iaoaea/a
oniao
III II
io/ayiea
I – I?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay, ?uii/iay yeeoa. Iie eiatho /aoeoth oeaeue e
niune aeecie. Eo oeaeue – caoaao ye. aeanoe, a caoai e iieeoe/aneie.
Nthaea iiiaee i?aaenoaaeoaee 1-e a?oiiu e /anoue 2-e;
II – I?aaenoaaeoaee 1-e a?oiiu e 2-y a?oiia. Iie iioa?yee niune aeecie,
iiaue ia iaoee. Iiiaee a aecian ii iaiaoiaeeiinoe, ni?eaioe?iaaeenue e
/a?ac naieo ethaeae ooee a aecian. Aecian aeey ieo ia yaeyaony oeaeueth
aeecie. Iuoathony eciaieoue neooaoeeth. *anoue ec ieo iiaoo oeoe a I-e,
a /anoue a III-e naaiaio. (30%)
III – Ciia o?ono?aoeee – ineo. ?anno?ienoaa. Ethaee n ?anno?iaiiie
ineoeeie, iioa?yaoea niune aeecie e iaaeaaeaeo ia aoaeouaa. *anoue
auaoae iiiaieeaoo?u, iau/iua ethaee, i?eoaaeoea a aecian e iioa?iaaoea
iaoaea/o, /anoue o/aiuo, ienaoaeae. (3-y a?oiia). Yoe ethaee aeaeyo naay
aiaaouie, i?aoniaaathueie, eiathueie aeanoue. ?aaeueii o ieo io/ayiea,
iaoaea/e, aaie?ionoai. Eae neaaenoaea, ceinoue, ae/iinoue, iaiaaenoue.
Yoa a?oiia ethaeae iiania aeey iauanoaa. Eo oa?aeoa?ecoao aiaoey. (5%)
IV – Naiua noieeea. Ethaee ec 3-e a?oiiu. N/eoathony iniiaie e
iaaeaaeaeie iaoaai iiaiai aeciana. Aeiaeaathony /aai-oi iooai iieo/aiey
2-ai ia?aciaaiey. O/aony ia naieo ioeaeao. Naiiioeaiea aeecea e
ii?iaeueiie.
Eaeoeey 3.
Ineoieiaey i?aaei?eieiaoaeae e eo ioiioaiea e aeciano.
Aeaaiui i?eioeeiii ioee/ey ethaeae ae?oa io ae?oaa yaeyaony i?eioeei
nioe. iai?aaeaiiinoe aeaenoaee e noaiaiue nioeeaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
Ana iiiaiia?acea ethaeae iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia 2 oeia: aeoeu e
aeaeueoeiu.
Yoe/aneay iai?aaeaiiinoue
Ana aeey naay Ana aeey ae?oaeo.
Iaaeaeo ieie ?uau e ?aee.
Ia?enoai /aou?aooaieueiee, aaea ii aa?oeeaee aoaeao nioeeaeueiay
i?eaioaoeey, a ii ai?eciioaee – aeeciaiiue iioaioeeae.
?uaa Aeaeueoei
?ae Aeoea
Iieiaeeoaeueiay nioe. i?eaioaoeey e iaeneiaeueiue aeeciaiiue iioaioeeae
– aeaeueoeiu.
Iaeneiaeueiue aeeciaiiue iioaioeeae e iieiaeeoaeueiay i?eaioaoeey ?uau.
N?aaeiee aeeciaiiue iioaioeeae e iieiaeeoaeueiay i?eaioaoeey – ?uau.
Ieceee aeeciaiiue iioaioeeae e io?eoeaoaeueiay i?eaioaoeey – ?aee.
Aeoeu Aeaeueoeiu
1) Ioiioaiea e ethaeyi
Ethaee ceua, aeoiua, eaeeaua, eaieaua; iie – iauaeou, eioi?uo ioaeii
eniieueciaaoue, iiyoiio iieacii aeaaeaoue oaoieeie oi?aaeaiey ethaeueie,
a eiieo?aioia ioaeii ono?aiyoue, ana n?aaenoaa oi?ioe Ethaee aeinoieiu
oaaaeaiey, /aeiaae iiiaia?aiai; aeia?ii iiaeii aeiaeoueny aieueoa, /ai
ceii; ene?aiiinoue e aeiaa?ea a aeaeiauo ioiioaieyo
2) Ioiioaiea e iauanoao
Iauanoai – neiieua ethaeae, onoaiaaeeaathueo caeiiu; iaeie caeiiu iia
auaiaeiu, ae?oaea a?aaeiu, a?aaeiua ioaeii iaieoe. Iauanoai – yoi
n?aaenoai niaeaniaaiey eioa?ania; caeii, anee ii ia ni?aaaaeeea, ioaeii
iaiyoue
3) Ioiioaiea e naaa
ss – eo/oa anao; anee y aaaeai, oi a yoii aeiiaaou caeiiu e iauanoai;
oaeoeea: ana aeo?aee, y iaeei oiiue ss iaieioie /aeiaae; y aaaeai, ii
oieueei iioiio, /oi iai?aaeeueii aua?ae noa?o aeayoaeueiinoe
4) Ioiioaiea e ie?o
Ie? a?aaeaeaaai, oieiaeai e iianai, ?aaeueiu eeoue iaoa?eaeueiua
oeaiiinoe; iinea ian oioue iioii Ie? /oaeanai, ii ia ia?aie/ai oieueei
iaoa?eaeueiuie oeaiiinoyie, i?e?iaea iu iaycaiu aeeciueth, aa ioaeii
aa?a/ue
5) Ioiioaiea e aeooiaiui oeaiiinoyi
Caeiiu aiaa e caeiiu ethaeae ?aciua aaue, ii aa?eoue a aiaa naaiaeiy
auaiaeii, a neaaeiaaoaeueii auaiaeii aea?oaiaaoue ia aeaaioai?eoaeueiua
oeaee Nouanoaoao niaanoue e nino?aaeaiea; iiiiaatho ae?oaei e iiiiaatho
naaa.
6) Ioiioaiea e aeaeo
Iia aeaei – iniiaa e enoi/iee iiae aeanoe, n?aaenoai caueou io ethaeae e
iauanoaa Iia aeaei – n?aaenoai ?aaeeciaaoue iie niiniaiinoe e eaeae
7) Ioiioaiea e ?eneo
Ii?aaeaeyaony ioiioaieai iaaeaeo i?eaueueth e iioaioeeaeueiie
iianiinoueth aeey naay ?an/aoii iaaeaeo i?eaueue e iianiinoueth aeaeo e
ae?oaei ethaeyi
8) Oeaeue aeecie
ss aeeao aeey naay, aeeciue iaeia e i?iaeeoue aa iaaei aeieueoa e eo/oa
Naeaeaoue aeeciue eo/oa naith e ae?oaei
Oeiu iaiaaeaea?ia e eo ioiioaiea e yoe/aneei i?eioeeiai.
A naiae ?aaioa “Ea?ie” Iaee Iaeeaoe auaeaeee 4 oeia iaiaaeaea?ia:
1) Ianoa? – yoio /aeiaae aioo?aiia oaeiaeaoai?ai naiae ?aaioie e naiei
noeeai aeecie, ii ii ia niiniaai i?eiyoue ia naay ?ieue eeaea?a.
2) Aeeea?ue – aeaaiay oeaeue – aeanoue, ii aa?anneaai, i?iyaeyao naay
yooaeoeaiui eeaea?ii, ecaaaaao ?aaio a a?oiia, no?aieony a i?aaiecaoeee
?acuaaeeieoue ethaeae, eae neaaenoaea aai oi?aaeaiey a?aaeaeaaiinoue a
i?aaiecaoeee, yoi i?eaiaeeo e aa ineaaeaieth.
3) *aeiaae – eiiiaiey – ii ioiaeaeanoaeyao naay n naiie eiiiaieae,
iaiaaeaaeiay ee/iinoue.
4) Ea?ie – no?aieony ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia ethaia eciaiaiea, ethaeo
?eneiaaoue, i?iaeou, ?aaioo ethaeae ii aini?eieiaao eae ea?o, ii
?aaioiniiniaai e /anoai.
Aeeea?ue e /aeiaae-eiiiaiey i?aaenoaaeytho oa?ico aeey yoe/aneie
eioaa?aoeee. Aeeea?ue aeaaeai e no?aieony e aeanoe. *aeiaae-eiiiaiey
iianaaony i?aaeaa?aiey a aeeciue naieo ee/iuo i?eioeeiia ia?aae eeoeii
i?aaiecaoeee. Ea?ie oiaea nicaeaao oa?ico. Oeaeue – auea?aoue, a eae –
yoi ia aaaeii, aeey yoeee naiue iianiue. Ianoa? – yoi ia iaiaaeaea?, ia
aa?ai aai ai aieiaiea.
?anniio?ei iiiyoey:
– ?uii/iay yeiiiieea;
– aaeeiia iieeoe/aneia e i?aaiaia i?ino?ainoai;
– ee/iay naiaiaea;
– yooaeoeaiue ?uiie.
?aeeaey oi?ie?oao ii?aeue, ii?aeueiua ii?iu.
?UIIE
I?AAIAUA
EINOEOOOU
IAUANOAA
YOE*ANEEA E
I?AANOAAIIUA
II?IU
?AEEAEss
*AEIAAE
Ia aaca aaeeiuo ii?aeueiuo ii?i eaaeaeay no?aia oi?ie?oao naie caeiiu.
iacaaiea
no?aiu ?aeeaey yoeea i?aai
naiaiaea
ee/iinoe o?iaaiue ye.
?acaeoey iioaioeeae
?acaeoey no?
NOA 4 4 5 5 5 5
Cai. Aa?iia 3 4 5 4 4 4
Ain. Aa?iia 3 2 3 3 3 3
ssiiiey 2 5 4 4 5 3
Iiaua eiaeo-
no?eaeueiua 4 4 3 3 4 4
No?. 3 ie?a 5 2 2 2 2 2
?inney 2 2 3 2 2 2
Eeoae 2 4 3 1 3 4
(Yoeea Eiioooeey a ssiiiee ia?aie/eaaao naiaiaeo ee/iinoe, ssiiineia
/oaei – neaaenoaea aunieie yoeee e naiaiaeu ee/iinoe)
N?aaiei 2 nenoaiu eaieoaeecia e nioeeaeecia.
E?eoa?ee Nioeeaeeci Eaieoaeeci
Eiaeeaeaeoaeeci ieioi oi?ioi
Eiiia?aoeey oi?ioi n?aaeiyy
Acaeyae ia /aeiaaea iioeienoe/aneee ianneienoe/aneee
?aaainoai oi?ioi ieioi
?acoiiue ?ene ieioi oi?ioi
Nioe.: /aeiaaea iiaeii iiaeei??aeoe?iaaoue. Eai.: /aeiaaea aa?oo eae
eiaeeaeaeoaeenoa
?acoeueoaou ii ioiioaieth e nenoaia nioeeaeecia:
Eaieoaeeci, iniiaaiiue ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii eioa?ana, ni?aaeeny n
caaea/ae oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae ioaeaeueiiai eiaeeaeaea.
A yoii neo/aa yeiiiie/aneay nenoaia niaaeeiyao a naaa eiaeeaeaeoaeeci e
eiiia?aoeeth. A iniiaa – /oanoai naiinio?aiaiey.
Ia Caiaaea n/eoaaony, /oi aaniethoiiai ?aaainoaa auoue ia iiaeao,
Nioeeaeeci: ana ethaee ?aaiu.
Eaeoeey 4.
I?aeoeea yoe/aneiai aiaeeca a aeciana.
Eeanne/aneea oai?ee i?e ?aoaiee ii?aeueiuo aeeeaii
1. Eiio?aeoiay oai?ey ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
I?iecaiaeeoaeue e iio?aaeoaeue anooiatho iinoiyiii iaaeaeo niaie a
eiio?aeoiua ioiioaiey (yaiua ee iayaiua), niaeanii eioi?iio iieoiaoaeue
aeieaeai iieaoeoue n?aco e iieiinoueth naie oiaa?.
I?iaeaaaoe (i?iecaiaeeoaeue) aa?aioe?oao iieoiaoaeth ea/anoai oiaa?a,
anth eioi?iaoeeth i oiaa?a (eae iiceoeaioth, oae e iaaaoeaioth),
aa?aioe?oao ia ceioiio?aaeyoue aeiaa?eai naiaai iieoiaoaey e i?e anai
yoii o iieoiaoaey inoaaony iieiay naiaiaea auai?a. I?iaeaaaoe ia iaycai
aeaaeoue ia iieoiaoaey. Anee yoe oneiaey auiieiaiu, oi ii?aeueiua
iaycaoaeuenoaa a eiio?aeoa n/eoathony auiieiaiiuie. Eae oieueei naeaeea
naa?oeeanue, n/eoaaony, /oi ana oiaa?u ia?aoiaeyo iieoiaoaeth, e
i?iaeaaaoe ca oiaa? aieueoa ia ioaa/aao. Yoa oai?ey eiaao o?oaeiinoe,
o.e. iio?aaeoaeue e i?iecaiaeeoaeue yaii ia ano?a/athony.
2. Oai?ey aeieaeiie caaiou.
Anooiaao a aeaenoaea, eae oieueei naeaeea niaa?oeeanue. Yoa oai?ey
aiai?eo, /oi i?iaeaaaoe aeieaeai i?aaei?eiyoue ethaua oaae, /oiau
i?aaeioa?aoeoue ethaie a?aaeiue yooaeo io oiaa?a. Aicieeaao aa?ney, /oi
ca ana ieaoeo i?iecaiaeeoaeue. I?iecaiaeeoaeue inoaaony ioaaonoaaiiui
ia?aae iieoiaoaeai ca a?aaeiue yooaeo, aeaaea anee ii aucaai
aeoiinoueth e o.ae.
3. Oai?ey nioeeaeueiie noieiinoe.
I?iecaiaeeoaeue aeieaeai o/eouaaoue i?e i?iecaiaenoaa naiaai oiaa?a ana
cao?aou, naycaiiua n ?ac?aaioeie, i?iecaiaenoaii, nauoii, a oaeaea ii
aeieaeai o/eouaaoue e oa iineaaenoaey, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue naycaiu n
iaa?aaeiinoueth iieoiaoaey.
Aicieeaao aii?in: niaeaneony ee i?iecaiaeeoaeue i?iecaiaeeoue oaeie
oiaa?, a iieoiaoaeue – aai iieoiaoue?
Anee i?iaeaaaoe aoaeao o/eouaaoue ana noieiinoe a naiai oiaa?a, oi
caeanue ia?ooaaony i?eioeei ni?aaaaeeeainoe.
Yoe oai?ee iinyo iauee oa?aeoa? e iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu i?e ?aoaiee
aeeeaii, a iniiaa eioi?uo – iauaoeeinioneea i?eioeeiu.
A /anoiuo neo/ayo iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue niaoeeoeeo eaaeaeiai neo/ay.
Eae ?aoaoue ii?aeueiua aeeeaiiu a ae?oaeo no?aiao?
?acee/ey a noaiaea?oao ?aciuo no?ai:
aaciianiua oneiaey o?oaea (a iaeieo no?aiao – aunieea, a ae?oaeo –
ieceea)
o?iaaiue ca?ieaou
?aaoee?iaaiea a iaeanoe ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
o?aaiaaiey e oa?iaoeaaoeea e oa?iaeieiaee
eoeueoo?iua o?aaeeoeee
caeiiu ?uiea o?oaea
Aeai?eoi Oiiana Aeiiaeueaeniia
(eae aanoe naay a no?aiao n ?anoiaeeie noaiaea?oaie)
Ieceea ii?aeueiua noaiaea?ou
naycaiu n o?iaiai aa ye. ?acaeo.
? aea
3/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/4
3/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/43/4
? ?
I?aeoeea ii?aeueii ia aeiionoeia
? ?
aiciiaeii aea-
eaoue aecian ia
i?eaea?aeeaa- i?aaeiieaaaao
ee oaeay i?ae-
oeea ia?ooa-
ianoiua aeeoaee n/eoatho i?ae-
oeeo aeiionoeiie
? ianoiua aeeoaee n/eoatho i?ae-
oeeo ia aeiionoeiie
? ynue noaiaea?oia
ia i?eiaiya-
iuo a aeaiiie iea ooiaeaiai-
oaeueiuo /ae.
i?aa
i?aeoeea aeiionoeia i?aeoeea ia aeiionoeia no?aia.(aeie 7)
(aeie 8)
Anee iaa ioaaoa “iao” oi aeaeaoue
aecian iaeuecy, ii ii?aeueii aeiiono.
Anee oioue iaeei ioaao “aea”,
oi aeaeaoue aecian iaeuecy
Oai?ey aeanoeie yoeee
Aia?eeaineee yeiiiieno Ieeoii O?eaeiai e aai
iineaaeiaaoaee Aei ?aiae e Aeaeae Oe?oeaeoa?
?ac?aaioaee oai?eth, niaeanii eioi?ie a aeciana ii?aaaeaiu ethaua
aeaenoaey, anee iie ia i?ioeai?a/ao caeiio. I?aaei?eieiaoaee ai?aaa
eaii?e?iaaoue ethaie iaaaoeaiue yooaeo, eioi?ue eo aeayoaeueiinoue
iiaeao i?eianoe neoaeauei e iio?aaeoaeyi, aeoeeiia?ai.
Aaeeinoaaiiui ia?aie/aieai a eo aeayoaeueiinoe iiaoo auoue th?eaee/aneea
caeiiu eee caeiiu ?uiea.
Niia?aaeaiey /anoiinoe, ii?aee e ni?aaaaeeeainoe ia aeieaeiu aeeyoue ia
eo aecian.
Iie n/eoaee, /oi neaaeoy yoei i?aaeeai iie i?eianoo aieueooth iieueco,
/ai anee au iie neaaeiaaee ii?iai ii?aee.
Yoa eiioeaioeey eiaao eae naieo iieeiiieeia, oae e i?ioeaieeia.
I?ioeaieee a iniiaiii aunooiatho ii 7-ie iniiaiui oacenai:
Oacenu noi?iiieeia yoie oai?ee E?eoeea iniiaiuo oacenia
1. Caeiiu – yoi einoeoooeeiiaeece?iaaiiia au?aaeaiea ii?aeueiuo ii?i.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, niaethaeay caeiiu, i?aaei?eieiaoaeue ia ia?ooaao
ii?aeueiuo ii?i e i?eioeeiia 1. Ia ana ii?aeueiua ii?iu yaeythony
i?aaeiaoii caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
2. Caeiiu, ca niaethaeaieai eioi?uo niaoeeaeueii neaaeyo ioeoeeaeueiua
eeoea ieacuaatho aieaa yooaeoeaiia aeeyiea ia aecian, /ai ii?aeue 2.
Ieeoi aua ia aeieacae, /oi caeiiu aeaenoaotho ia ethaeae neeueiaa, /ai
ii?aeue. Iiaeii i?eaanoe iiiai i?eia?ia, eiaaea ethaee ia?ooatho caeiiu,
ii ia iiaoo i?anooieoue ii?iu ii?aee
3. Ii?iu ii?aee iiiaicia/iu e caaenyo io ?aciuo oaeoi?ia, e a aeecie iie
iiieiathony ii-?aciiio. I?aaenoaaeaiea ia yoe/iinoe eiie?aoiiai ?aoaiey
caaeneo io yiioeee, ee/iiai eioa?ana, iiuoa, a?oiiiaiai aeaaeaiey. A
aeciana iaeuecy iieaaaoueny ia noieue cuaeea aaue. Aio iaiaoiaeei
ii?yaeie e caeii 3. Caeiiu oiaea aeiioneatho iiiaicia/iua o?aeoiaee,
iiyoiio oi/iia neaaeiaaiea caeiio ia aa?aioe?oao yoe/anee aacoi?a/iia
?aoaiea i?iaeaiu
4. Ii?aeueiua ii?iu neeueiaa ia?aie/eaatho naiaiaeo, /ai th?eaee/aneea
caeiiu e iiaoo iaeiaeeoue oaeaea ia?aie/aiey ia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai 4.
*enei neooaoeee, a eioi?uo ii?aeueiua ii?iu neeueiaa ia?aie/eaatho
naiaiaeo aeciana a oeaeii iaiueoa, /ai /enei ia?aoiuo ei neooaoeee.
E?iia oiai, aaea ii?aeueiua ii?iu neeueiaa ia?aie/eaatho naiaiaeo, /ai
caeiiu, ii?aeueiue eiaeaen aunooiaao a ea/-aa iaienaiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai eiaeaena
5. Nouanoaoao neiaeiay no?oeoo?a acaeiiioiioaiee aeciana e
i?aaeoaeuenoaa /a?ac:
– iaeiaiaoth nenoaio
– eiio?iee?othuea i?aaiecaoeee
– iauanoaaiiua ei?ii?aoeee
– i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua eiio?aeou
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?aaoee?oao aecian e iaiai?io /a?ac eiaae?iaaiea,
oeiaine?iaaiea auai?iuo eiiiaiee, o/anoea a ain. yeii. niaaoao aecian
aicaeaenoaoao ia i?aaeoaeuenoai. Iiiaea n/eoatho, /oi a yoie nenoaia
o-oeey i?aaeoaeuenoaa – niaeaenoaiaaoue ?acaeoeth aeciana, a
aaeeinoaaiiay ii?aeueiay naieoeey a aeciana – yoi caeiiiaeaoaeueiay
naieoeey 5. Ec neiaeiie acaeiinayce aeciana e i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia
neaaeoao, noi e aeciano iiaeii (ioaeii) i?eiaiyoue oieueei
caeiiiaeaoaeueiua ia?u (naieoeee); iaeioi?ua caeiiu, ?aaoee?othuea
ioiioaiey aeciana e i?aaeoaeuenoaa, niiieoaeueiu n ii?aeueiie oi/ee
c?aiey (caeiiu i iaeiaiiaeiaeaiee, iicaieythuea ne?uaaoue
iaeiae).Aicieeatho niiiaiey i oii, ianeieueei aieiaoaeueii neaaeeo
i?aaeoaeuenoai ca auiieiaieai caeiia, ia ieacuaaao ee aecian aeaaeaiea
ia i?aaeoaeuenoai. Iaeieo th?eaee/aneeo caeiiia aeey aeciana
iaaeinoaoi/ii.
6. Anee aanoe aecian, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue yoe/aneeie niia?aaeaieyie, oi
iiaeii ieacaoueny oycaeiui a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa. 6. Oycaeiinoue a
eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa – iiiyoea ioiineoaeueiia. Oeaeue aeciana –
ecaea/aiea i?eauee. N ii?aeueiie oi/ee c?aiey caeanue iao ie/aai
ieioiai. I?iaeaiu iiaoo aicieeiooue ec-ca n?aaenoa e iineaaenoaee yoiai
oaeiaeaoai?aiey, o.a. anee aecian i?eianao a?aae ae?oaei.
7. Iniiaiua eiino?oeoeee yoie oai?ee iniiauaathony ia iinooeaoa
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a oneiaeyo naiaiaeiiai ?uiea 7.
?aaeueiay ye. aeeciue- yoi ia naiaiaeiue ?uiie. Aai naiaiaea ia?aie/aia
iiiiiieeyie, niaianoiuie oe?iaie, oi?iaie nianoaaiiinoe, ?aaoee?othuae
aeayoaeueiinoueth ain-aa.
Aeaa?o Ea??, Oiian Ea?nii, ?e/a?ae Aieaa ianoaeaeatho e aeieacuaatho
i?iaeaiu, a eioi?uo iiaeao iaeoe ii?aeueiia ii?aaaeaiea eiaeue e
i?eaiaeyo 3 neo/ay, ia iniiaa eioi?uo iiaeii ii?aaaeaoue eiaeue:
eiaeue aeiionoeia, /oiau ia aeiionoeoue aua aieueoee a?aae;
anee ethaee e einoeooou (caeiiu), eioi?ua eaoo, ia eiatho aeinooia e
iauaeoeaiie eioi?iaoeee ii aeaiiie oaia, i?iaeaia;
a neooaoeee, eiaaea iaiai aoiaeeo a i?aaeea ea?u. Iayoe/ii iaiaiuaaoue
iieoiaoaey, ii aeiionoeii aaiaeeoue a caaeoaeaeaiea niia?ieea, eiaaea
oi?aoaoueny ?aaee caeeth/aiey auaiaeiie naeaeee.
Ca ?oaaaeii aiciiaeiinoe noaoue yoe/iui a aeciana naycaiu n
i?ioanneiiaeeciii.
E?eoa?ee, ii?aaeaeythuea i?ioanneiiaeeci i?aaei?eieiaoaey:
1) Aunieee o?iaaiue ia?aciaaiey.
2) I?aai ia ioaaonoaaiiinoue naiioi?aaeaiey
3) Aeoeaio ia neoaeaiea iauanoao
Eaeoeey 5.
1. A?oiiu, ia?aae eioi?uie aecian ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue.
2. Ainoaea?noai eae ee/iinoue
3. Acaeiiioiioaiey aeciana e ainoaea?noaa.
4. Iioaiie/anoai ia oe?ia.
A?oiiu, ia?aae eioi?uie aecian ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue.
A?oiiu – yoi iauanoai a oeaeii, iio?aaeoaee, neoaeauea eiaanoi?u.
Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia?aae iauanoaii naycaia n i?iaeaiaie ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu. Caa?yciaiea ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu i?aaenoaaeyao na?ueacioth
iianiinoue, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaiaoiaeeiu caeiiu ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu, eioi?ua aeieaeiu eiio?iee?iaaoue na?in iianiuo iooiaeia ai
aiaoithth n?aaeo. Iio?aaeoaee eiatho i?aai ia aaciianiinoue, i?aai ia
iieo/aiea iieiie eioi?iaoeee i oiaa?a, i?aai auai?a e i?aai
i?aaeuyaeyoue naie o?aaiaaiey.
Neoaeauea eiiiaiee aeieaeiu eiaoue ?aaiua aiciiaeiinoe caiyoinoe e ia
iiaeaa?aaoueny aeene?eieiaoeee. Eiaanoi?u ia aeieaeiu auoue iaiaioouie
i?e iaieioeyoeeyo aeaiueaaie e o.ae.
Eiiiaiee ?aaeecotho naie yoe/aneoth e nioeeaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
n/ao neaaeothueo ia?:
1) I?eiyoea yoe/aneiai eiaeaena oe?iu.
2) Ainieouaaoue a neoaeaueo aunieea ii?aeueiua ii?iu.
3) I?iaa?ea /anoiinoe naieo ?aaioieeia.
4) Aaiaeeoue a i?ano?oeoo?o oe?iu aeieaeiinoe, ioaa/aoue ca i?iaeaiu,
naycaiiua n ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie.
5) Niaa?oainoaiaaiea iiauo oaoiieiaee n oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey a?aaeiuo
iooiaeia.
Ii?iu eiaeaena yoeee:
1) I?ioanneiiaeueiie caaea/ae iaiaaeaea?a yaeyaony neoaeaiea eeeaioai,
nio?oaeieeai e aeeaae/eeai aeaiaa.
2) Oaeiaeaoai?aiea iaeneiaeueiiai aeaeaiey eeeaioia.
3) Aanoe /anoioth ai?ueao iaaeaeo eiieo?aioaie.
4) Aiieiuaoue iiaua eaeae, oaoiieiaee e i?iecaiaeeoue
eiieo?aioiniiniaiua oiaa?u.
5) Ii aeieaeai /anoii neoaeeoue nio?oaeieeai.
6) Ii aeieaeai /anoii neoaeeoue aeeaae/eeai eaieoaea.
7) Aeieaeai ia?aaeaaaoue iiuo nio?oaeieeai.
8) Aeieaeai aiooeoue neoaeauei eiiiaiee, /oi i?eaueue yaeyaony
n?aaenoaii, a ia oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee.
Eiiiaiey eae ee/iinoue.
?aiueoa eiiiaiey o?aeoiaaeanue eae th?eaee/aneia eeoei. Iia auea
ioaaonoaaiia ca iinooiee, eioi?ua niaa?oaee aa neoaeauea. Ii eae
ii?aaeaeeoue ii?aeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue? Iau/ii neo/aaony, /oi
ii?aeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ianao /aeiaae. O/aiua ai aeaaa n I. O?ai/
i?aaenoaaeee eiiiaieth eae naiinoiyoaeueii ooieoeeiie?othuaai
ii?aeueiiai noauaeoa. A yoie oai?ee au?aaeaii neaaeothuaa: oai?ey
no?ieony ia ei?ii?aoeaiie aioo?aiiae no?oeoo?a ?aoaiee, iiae eioi?ie ii
iiieiaao nenoaio e iaai? i?ioeaaeo? e i?aaee a iieeoeea ei?ii?aoeee.
Niaeanii yoie oai?ee iiaiea e aeaenoaey ioaeaeueiuo neoaeaueo eiiiaiee
aeaoa?ieie?iaaiu e noaiiayony au?aaeaieai aiee eiiiaiee. Aeaenoaey
eiiiaiee iinyo iai?aaeaiiue oa?aeoa?, iie iioiaee ia iinooiee ethaeae. E
iiyoiio eiiiaieth iiaeii n/eoaoue ioaaonoaaiiie ca naie iinooiee.
I?ioeaieee eae au niaeaoathony, ii iaaei ee yoi aeaeaoue, o.e. ii eo
iiaieth yoi nieceo o?aaiaaiey e naiie ee/iinoe.
Yoeea acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo
ainoaea?noaii e aecianii
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy eaeoo aeeneonnee i oii, eaeea aeieaeiu auoue
acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo aecianii e ainoaea?noaii ii 2-i aii?inai:
a?aieoeu ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeciana i?e ?aoaiee nioeeaeueiuo i?iaeai;
a?aieoeu aiaoaoaeuenoaa ainoaea?noaa a aeaea aeciana.
Ii 1-io aii?ino a i?eioeeia i?iaeaia ?aoaia.
Iniiaiua ninoaaeythuea ioiioaiee aeciana e iauanoaa:
nioeeaeueiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue iniiauaaaony ia aieueoie aeanoe, eioi?ie
iaeaaeaao aecian, iniaaiii a noa?ao caiyoinoe e io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu.
aecian aeieaeai aeaenoaiaaoue eae ioe?uoay nenoaia, eioi?ay iieo/aao io
iauanoaa iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth e i?aaenoaaeyao iauanoao naaaeaiey i
naieo aeaenoaeyo.
a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee aecian aeieaeai iiiiaaoue iauanoao
(ainoaea?noao) ?aoaoue aai nioeeaeueiua i?iaeaiu.
nioeeaeueiua cao?aou e aeioiaeu aeieaeiu auoue iiaen/eoaiu e oieueei
iinea yoiai iiaeii auianoe ?aoaiea i oeaeaniia?aciinoe aeayoaeueiinoe.
iio?aaeoaeue aeieaeai iiea/eaaoue ana ?anoiaeu ia i?iecaiaenoai
i?iaeoeoeee, ieacaiea oneoa, aeeth/ay nioeeaeueiua ?anoiaeu.
Ooieoeee ainoaea?noaa ii ioiioaieth e aeciano:
ainoaea?noai yaeyaony ia?oia?ii e caeac/eeii. Yoi ?aoaao neaaeothuea
i?iaeaiu:
– noeioee?iaaiea ye. ?inoa;
– i?aaiecaoeey e ain. iiaeaea?aeea (ain-ai iai?aaeyao ?acaeoea
aeciana);
– nicaeaiea eio?ano?oeoo?u (aei?iae, nii?oaeaiey e o.ae.);
– caeoiea i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee (yenii?o e eiii?o);
2. noi?iaeaaie ian e ?aaoee?iauee:
– ?aaoee?iaaiea eiieo?aioeee (e ia?aie/aiea);
– ?aaoee?iaaiea eioa?ania caueou iauanoaa;
3. nai? iaeiaia:
– iaeiae n a?aaeaeai;
– n i?aaei?eyoee e oe?i;
– n i?iaeaae;
– IAeN;
– aeoeecu;
– oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu.
4. caeiiu (eiinoeoooeey – iniiaiie caeii)
Iniiaiua iiceoeee aeeyiey aeciana ia ainoaea?noai:
eiaae – yoi a?oiie?iaee, ieacuaathuea aeaaeaiea caeiiiaeaoaeae n oai,
/oiau canoaaeoue eo aunooieoue a naieo eioa?anao;
eiieoaou ii iieeoe/aneei aeaenoaeyi – yoi a?oiie?iaee, oi?ie?oaiua a
niioaaonoaee n oaaea?aeueiuie caeiiaie i auai?ao n oeaeueth nai?a aeaiaa
aeey eaiaeeaeaoia;
Aeaeii Aeaauean (aia?. niaoeeaeeno) n/eoaao, /oi ainoaea?noai ieacuaaao
aieaa neeueiia aeaaeaiea ia aecian, /ai aecian ia ainoaea?noai. Oiaaea
iii aeieaeii ea?aoue ii?aaeaeythuoth ?ieue a ?acaeoee iauanoaa, a aecian
aeieaeai neoaeeoue eino?oiaioii a ?acaeoee iauanoaa.
I?aaeeiaeee nenoaio ia?oia?neeo ioiioaiee ain-aa e aeciana. Yoa nenoaia
acyoa ca iniiao acaeiiioiioaiee aeciana e ain-aa:
?aoaaony (niaianoii) i?iaeaia o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia: aeieaeiu auoue ?aoaiu
oneiaey iieaou, aac?aaioeoea, no?aoiaaiea caei?iauey, iiaeaioiaea e
ia?aiiaeaioiaea eaae?ia, ?ani?aaeaeaiea o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia ii ?aaeiiai;
?aoaiea i?iaeaiu nu?ueaauo ?ano?nia:
– yeiiiiey ?ano?nia;
– nicaeaiea aeueoa?iaoeaiuo enoi/ieeia nu?uey;
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea: ieieiecaoeey aeanoaaeee?othuae ?iee iaeiaia;
iaaeaeoia?iaeiay oi?aiaey: caueoa e noeioee?iaaiea ?acaeoey aioo?aiiaai
?uiea (caueoa io aiaoiaai ?uiea, naycae);
ain. caeoiee: iaeeo/oaa eniieueciaaiea eiathueony ?ano?nia e oiaa?ia ia
iaoai ?uiea, iioeiecaoeey eiii?oa;
eiio?ieue: noaiaea?oecaoeey e oanoe?iaaiea oiaa?ia;
io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu;
th?eaee/aneea caeiiu, aii?inu (iaeoe caeiiu, eioi?ua i?ioeai?a/ao
?acaeoeth aeciana a ?innee, e eaeea niinianoaotho?)
i?iaeaia ?acaeoey eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee.
(Naiinoiyoaeueii: yoeea eiio?aeoia e nianoaaiiinoe)
Eaeoeey 6.
Iioaiie/anoai
Ia iioaiie/anoai ieacuaaao aeeyiea:
1) Oei i?ano?oeoo?u oe?iu.
2) Nenoaia aeieoiaioiiai?ioa.
3) Iinoaiiaea aooo/aoa
4) Iiaeai? eaae?ia
Iaiaoiaeeiui yeaiaioii iioaiie/anoaa yaeyaony aeiaa?ea.
Oeiu iioaiie/anoaa:
1) ?ano?aoa eee oeuaiea ni noi?iiu iaaiiiai ?aaioieea.
2) ?ano?aoa ni noi?iiu ?oeiaiaeeoaey eee iaiaaeaea?a (iaieioee?iaaiea
oeiainaie, eneaaeaiea aeaiiuo i aeioiaeao, aeaaeoi?neay
caaeieaeaiiinoue)
3) Iioaiie/anoai n eiaanoeoeeyie (neeiieoue eiaanoi?a aeiaeeoue
aeaiueae a i?aaei?eyoea, ia eiathuaa oeaiiinoe).
4) Iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu iinoaaueeia (a iniiaiii n aiaiiuie
iinoaaeaie).
a) oieueei ni noi?iiu iinoaaueeia,
a) niaianoiua aeaenoaey iinoaaueea e caeac/eea.
5) Iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu eeeaioa (iaieaoaaee ca iieo/aiiue caeac).
6) Iioaiie/anoai niaoaiiiai oeia.
Ineoieiae/aneee oei iioaiie/anoaa.
Iioaiiee auaeyaeeo /anoiui /aeiaaeii. Aai iniiaiay ooieoeey – aucaaoue
aeiaa?ea.
Iioaiieee – “aaeua ai?ioie/ee” – auaatho ?aaea canoeaioou ia ianoa
i?anooieaiey, ?aaea iiaeaa?aathony a?anoai. Iie ineoieiae/anee
onoie/eau, eiiioieeaaaeueiu, ioee/athony iioeieciii, naiieiio?ieai e
caauoaiiie naiiioeaieie.
Oua?a io iioaiie/anoaa aic?anoaao i?e yeiiiie/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe,
i?e ?inoa oeiainiauo cao?oaeiaiee, i?e neeyiee oe?i, i?e inouanoaeaiee
i?iniaeoia n aieueoei ?enneii.
Iioaiieee e eo iioeau (o?aoaieueiee iioaiie/anoaa).
Aeaaeaiea aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa (1)
Aiciiaeiinoue aeey iioaiie/anoaa (2) Aiciiaeiinoue naiiii?aaaeaiey (3)
1) a)oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea (aeaaeiinoue, aeeciue ia ii n?aaenoaai,
aeieae, aunieea ieaoiua iaae. oneoae, oeiainiaua iioa?e, iaiaeeaeaiiay
iio?aaiinoue a aeaiueaao),
a) aeaaeaiea ii?ieia e iaaoaiuo i?eau/ae (aca?oiua ea?u, ia?eioeee,
iueyinoai),
a) naaaeaiea n/aoia n ?oeiaiaenoaii.
2) a) Ionoonoaea eee iaaeinoaoie ia? eiio?iey ia oe?ia,
a) Ianiiniaiinoue ioeaieoue ea/anoai auioneaaiie ?aaiou,
a) ionoonoaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeenoeeieeiu,
a) i?aaeinoaaeaiea eneaaeaiiie eioi?iaoeee,
ae) ?aaiiaeooea ?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu.
I?aaeeiaeaiey ii oneeaieth ia? eiio?iey ia oe?ia.
1) ?acaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae eee aeaieiie eiio?ieue.
2) Aiaae?aiea nenoaiu iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey iieiiii/ee.
3) Nenoaiu iacaaeneiuo i?iaa?ie.
4) Oece/aneea niiniau io?aiu e eiio?iey.
5) Aeieoiaioaeueiue eiio?ieue.
3) a) io yoiai ooaea ieeiio ia aoaeao,
a) y caneoaeeaath aieueoaai,
a) yoi iai?aaeaii ia aeaaea oeaee,
a) /ai-oi iaaei aea?oaiaaoue.
Neiioiiu aiciiaeiiai iioaiie/anoaa ni noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia.
1) Ianoaiaea?oiua aeaiiua a aeieoiaioao.
2) Neaainoue aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey.
3) Auoiaeyuee ca i?eau/iua ?aiee ia?ac aeecie.
4) Iaiau/iia iiaaaeaiea nio?oaeieea.
5) Iaee/ea iaaiaeie e aeaeia.
I?e/eiu iioaiie/anoaa ni noi?iiu iaiaaeaea?a.
1) Aiiiaeee a aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu (eciaiaiea aeaiiuo a aaeaina).
2) Ee/iua ea/anoaa iaiaaeaea?a, eioi?ua niinianoaotho iioaiie/anoao
(aeieae, oaieiaiia i?ioeia).
3) Eciaiaiea i?ano?oeoo?u (aaaaeaiea eeoieo naycae).
4) Iniaua ioiioaiey ni noi?iiieie i?aaiecaoeeyie.
5) *anoua niaiu aoaeeoi?ia.
6) Iaee/ea i?iaeai n aaieianeeie e i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie.
7) *anoay niaia noi?iiieo eiinoeueoaioia.
8) Iieueciaaiea oneoaaie ianeieueeeo aaieia.
9) Oneeey ii neeyieth oe?i.
10) *anoua nnueee ia aeaaeaiea ni noi?iiu iieeoeeia e n?aaenoa ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee.
Ei?ii?aoeaiay eoeueoo?a e oniao i?aaei?eyoey.
Eoeueoo?a auno?i- e iaaeeaiii?anooueo i?aaei?eyoee (I?I e A?I).
No?oeoo?a eoeueoo?u.
Neeueiua e neaaua eoeueoo?u.
Niaoeeoe/aneea io?aneaaua eoeueoo?u.
Ei?ii?aoeaiay eoeueoo?a e oniao i?aaei?eyoey.
Eoeueoo?a – niaieoiiinoue iaoa?eaeueiuo e aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae,
nicaeaiiuo /aeiaaeii ca aanue ia?eiae aai nouanoaiaaiey e
oa?aeoa?ecothueo ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue ?acaeoey iauanoaa.
Eoeueoo?a – o?iaaiue eee noaiaiue ?acaeoey, aeinoeaiooay a eaeie eeai
io?anee ciaiey eee aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eoeueoo?a – noaiaiue iauaai e oinoaaiiiai ?acaeoey, i?enouay /aio eeai.
Eoeueoo?a – eoeueoo?a aicaeaeuaaiey ii/a, iee?ii?aaieciia, ?anoaiee e
oeaiae.
Ia aaca 1-ai ii?aaeaeaiey iiaeii auaeaeeoue oeiu eoeueoo?:
aioe/iay (A?aoeey, ?ei);
ainoi/iay (Eiaeey, Eeoae, ssiiiey);
o?enoeainoai
nia?aiaiiay
Eee:
aeooiaiay eoeueoo?a;
iaoa?eaeueiay eoeueoo?a.
ai?eciioaeueiay;
aa?oeeaeueiay.
Ai?eciioaeueiay e-?a – ia?iaeiay, iaoeeiiaeueiay, ?aaeiiaeueiay e-?u.
Aa?oeeaeueiay – iaua/aeiaa/aneay eoeueoo?a.
Eiaaea o aeanoe noieo aeaniio, oi a iau-aa ?acaeaaaony ai?eciioaeueiay
e-?a. Anee aeaiie?aoe/aneay oi?ia i?aaeaiey – aa?oeeaeueiay
Iiiyoey ia?aciaaiey e eoeueoo?u.
Naycue iiiyoee.
Eoeueoo?a Ia?aciaaiea
Iineo aiaa?aiaiiie oa?aeoa?
Oe?ioa ciaiee, y?oaeeoeey
Iauaiea ?aciuo ie?iiiieiaiee
?aciua noaeaeaiey A?aiaiiay ea?a?oe/aneay eanoieoea
Nie?auaiea ciaiee aei o/aaieea
Oiicaeeth/aiey, auaiaeu, iaiauaiey
O?iaaiue ia?aciaaiey ethaeae ae?aaiinoe.
Ia?aciaaiea iao?eoeey.
O?eaeoi (1-y nooiaiue) Eaaae?eaeoi (2-y nooiaiue)
A?aiiaoeea
?eoi?eea
Aeeaeaeoeea (oiaiea nii?eoue naiei n niaie) A?eoiaoeea
Aaiiao?ey
Ano?iiiiey
Iocuea
I?ioanneiiaeueiua ciaiey – oaeae ?aaia (oceay niaoeeaeecaoeey)
Aoiaieoa?iua ciaiey ineaaaaaee, ia niaio ei i?eoiaeeee i?ioanneiiaeueiua
ciaiey, /oi i?eaaei e oaoiie?aoecaoeee iauanoaa, a yoi ii?iaeeei
iin?aaenoaaiiinoue.
Iin?aaenoaaiiinoue – io?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea e eiaeiiuneeth.
Eoeueoo?a ei?ii?aoeee.
Eoeueoo?a i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa aace?oaony ia aeaiyeie iniiaa (2 oi/ee
c?aiey):
Iacaaeneiay ia?aiaiiay (oeaiiinoe, ii?iu, i?eioeeiu, ia?acu iiaaaeaiey
onoaiaaeeaathony, i?aaiinyony naa?oo);
2. Caaeneiay ia?aiaiiay – e-?a i?aaei?eyoey ?acaeaaao naith nianoaaiioth
aeeiaieeo, a aeeiaieea iiaeao auoue eae iieiaeeoaeueiie, oae e
io?eoeaoaeueiie – e-?a ?iaeaeaaony aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey, ei??aeoe?oaony,
naienoaaiia aeey i?aaiecaoeee n ii?aaeaeaiiui noeeai oi?aaeaiey.
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia oi?ie?iaaiea e-?u i?aaiecaoeee:
eeanniaay, yoe/aneay, ?aniaay;
oa?-? e niaea?aeaiea o?oaea;
nenoaia noeioeia.
I?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaiecaoeeiiiie e-?u:
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay eoeueoo?a – yoi eiiieaen ?acaeaeyaiuo ?aaioieeaie oe?iu
iiaiee, yoaeiiia iiaaaeaiey, neiaieia, ioiioaiee e niinia aaaeaiey
aeciana, iaoneiae. eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie eiiiaieae a aieueoae noaiaie.
A?oa Oiinoii.
no?aoaae/aneay eaae?iaay iieeoeea. Iia aeieaeia o/eouaaoue aeeyiea
N?aaeu, ie?oaeathuae i?aaei?eyoea: iieeoeea, ye. neooaoeey;
iauanoaaiiia ?acaeoea e eciaiaiey a /aeiaaea i?aaenoaaeyao iniaoth
aaaeiinoue;
i?aaenoaaeaiea i oeaiiinoyo nio?oaeieeia – ooiaeaiaioaeueiay iniiaa
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu, aeieaeia o/eouaaoueny i?e oi?ie?iaaiee eaae?iaie
iieeoeee;
eciaiaiey oeaiiinoae aeieaeiu auoue ?aniiciaaaaiu caaeaaia?aiaiii.
Eaeoeey 7.
Aiaeec caiaaeiuo niaoeeaeenoia iieacae naycue oniaoa oe?iu ia ?uiea n
ei?ii?aoeaiie e-?ie. Auee auaeaeaiu 2 a?oiiu i?aaei?eyoee: A?I e I?I.
A?I I?I
1. Oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue oe?iie
2. Iaaeaaeiinoue ?aai/aai ianoa
3. Aa?iinoue i?aaei?eyoeth
4. O?aaiaaiea e ea/-ao oiaa?a
5. Aeinoiaa?iinoue eioi?iaoeee e eiioaeo n nio?oaeieeaie
6.Oainu ?inoa
7. I?ei?eoaou Oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue n aiaeaie aic?anoaao, i?e/ai neeueiaa
o ?aai/eo, /ai o aaeieieno?aoeee.
Iao i?iaeai
AEaeaiea inoaoueny o anao ?aaioieeia.
70% aieatho ca ea/-ai.
Auoa 75% n/eoatho eioi?iaoeeth /anoiie.
Ea/-ai o?oaea, eioaineaiinoue, oiaiea a?aoue ia naay ioaaonoaaiiinoue.
I?io. eiiiaoaioiinoue, aiciiaeiinoue iao/aiey. N aiaeaie a oeaeii
oiaiueoaaony, ii o ?aai/eo – neeueiaa
No?ao eniuouaatho ?yaeiaua nio?oaeieee.
AEaeaiea inoaoueny oieueei o ?oeiaiaenoaa
45% aieatho ca ea/-ai.
Ieaea 50% n/eoatho eioi?iaoeeth /anoiie.
Ciaeiinoaa n ioaeiuie ethaeueie.
Aaoi?eoao, aeanoue, eiio?ieue, oaa?aiiinoue.
Aeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iicaieeee naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu, /oi
eaaeaeia ec yoeo aeaoo aeaeia i?aaei?eyoee i?eaeaeaao ?aciua oeiu
ethaeae. Iaeieo – oaaaeaiea iaaeaaeiinoue, ae?oaeo – niaea?aeaiea o?oaea
e eo nianoaaiiua aeinoeaeaiey.
No?oeoo?a i?a. eoeueoo?u.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay eoeueoo?a :
Ie?oaeathuay n?aaea;
Nenoaia oeaiiinoae;
Aa?ie;
Noeeue ?oeiaiaenoaa;
Eieaeae oe?iu;
Oea?aiiiee;
?eooaeu;
Eoeueoo?iay naoue.
Ie?oaeathuay n?aaea ii?aaeaeyao o?aaiaaiey, iaania/eaathuea oniao oe?iu
ia ?uiea (nayce, eeeaiou, eiieo?aiou, oiaa?). Iee?i- e iae?in?aaea
oe?iu, nioe., aeaiia?ao., oaoiieia. n?aaea.
Nenoaia oeaiiinoae – oi?ie?oao eaeae e iieiaeaiey, i?eiyoua a eiiiaiee
(yae?i i?a. eoeueoo?u). Iia ?ani?ino?aiyaony n iiiiuueth ieoia eaaaiae e
enoi?ee. Aeaaiia, ia /oi ia?auaao aieiaiea ?oe-ai oe?iu i?e oooaeoaiee
iieiaeaiey oe?iu.
Aa?ie – ethaee, aiieiuathuea nenoaiu oeaiiinoae a aeeciue, aeeytho ia
iauoth e-?o i?a.
Aa?ie:
nicaeaiiua – ?oeiaiaeeoaee;
io ?iaeaeaiey – a ieo yoe ea/-aa caeiaeaiu.
Aiieiuaiea oeaiiinoe eiiiaiee e neoaeao i?eia?ii aeey iiae?aaeaiey.
Aa?iyi iicaieyaony niaa?oaoue iaiau/iua iinooiee. Ieacuaatho neeueiia
aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea eoeueoo?u i?aaiecaoeee.
Noeeue ?oe-aa (ni. iniiau iaiaaeaeiaioa)
Eieaeae oe?iu – ia?ac oe?iu a aeacao iieoiaoaeae, aeoeeiia?ia,
eiieo?aioia.
Aeaeu eieaeaea:
– eiiiaiee
– /aeiaaea
– oiaa?a
Ninoaaeythuea eieaeaea oe?iu:
Iacaaiea oe?iu (aeieaeii auoue aeaaicao/ii; anee ia niioaaonoaoao n aa
aeayoaeueiinoueth, oi a neiaeao neaaeoao aeaoue iiyniaiea; anee iacaaiea
eaoeineeie aoeaaie, oi /oiau i?e ia?aaiaea ia aucuaaei iaaaoeaiuo
?aaeoeee.
oiaa?u – ea/-ai, anni?oeiaio, iiaea, oeaia e aa?aioee;
neoaeaa eeeaioia – ianeoaeeaaiea eeeaioia, aica?ao oiaa?ia (nou-a oaeie
aiciiaeiinoe), caeac oiaa?ia a e?aaeeo;
e?oa iieoiaoaeae – i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e eeanno, niioaaonoaea nianoaaiiiio
eieaeaeo;
ono?ienoai oe?iu – iai?oaeiaaiea, eiiioieeaoeee, a?oeoaeoo?a;
?aniieiaeaiea oe?iu – aeecinoue e o?ainii?oo, iaee/ea aaoinoiyiie;
?aeeaia – i?aaeeiaeaiea neeaeie, neiaieu, oeaaoa, aa ecaanoiinoue, nayce
n iauanoaaiiinoueth.
Oea?aiiiee – yoi /anoaiaaiea aa?iaa, ieoia, eaaaiae. Ooaa?aeaeaiea
e?aaei eiiiaiee.
?eooaeu – yoi aoaeie/iia i?iyaeaiea neiaiee/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee. Iie
iaiiieiatho ?aaioieeo, eae aanoe naay a ii?aaeaeaiiie neooaoeee. Eiiaaea
?eooaeu naiaeyony e /aaieoeth, eioa.
Eoeueoo?iay naoue – yoi iaioeoeeaeueiia n?-ai nayce aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee,
o.a. yoi ne?uoay ea?a?oey aeanoe. Eiiaaea eoeueoo?iay naoue iiaeao
iaiiieiaoue, auoue oaiueth ioeoeeaeueiie i?a. no?oeoo?u. Ninoieo ec
neaaeothueo oeiia e ?ieae, eioi?ua auiieiytho nio?oaeieee i?aaiecaoeee:
?anneac/eee – ethaee, eioi?ua eioa?i?aoe?otho ana niauoey oe?iu n oi/ee
c?aiey naiaai aini?eyoey. *anoi yoa eioa?i?aoaoeey iineo noauaeoeaiue
oa?aeoa?;
Nayuaiieee – yoi ?aaioieee eiiiaiee, iaoiaeyueany ia oe?ia i ia/aea aa
iniiaaiey, yaeythony aa iniiaaoaeyie. ?aaiinoii ioiinyony ei anai
o?aaeeoeeyi eiiiaiee, iaa?aaatho aa /anoue.
Oaiooiu – niiniaiu auno?i oaaaeuaaoue, /eoaoue iunee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae,
eiatho iiiai naycae e eiioaeoia ia anao o?iaiyo i?aaiecaoeee, ii ?aaeei
eie iieuecothony.
Nieaoieee – yae. ?aciin/eeaie i?a. e-?u, o?oaaaeo?aie. Anaaaea a eo?na
anao aeae: c/ie, aeaiue ?iaeaeaiey, iiauoaiey. Eo eioi?iaoeeae /anoi
iieuecoaony ?oeiaiaenoai. Ia eiatho aeeyiey ia ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Nae?aoa?e – iaaethaeaoaeueiu, ciatho i iaoi?iaeueiuo naycyo aioo?e
oe?iu, iaaeaeo nio?oaeieeaie. Aieaa iaaethaeaoaeueiu, /ai ?oeiaiaeeoaee.
Oieiiu – a eo?na anao niauoee ia oe?ia, eoi ca yoeie niauoeyie noieo. Ia
iianiu aeey ?yaeiauo neoaeaueo. Ia anaaaea i ae?oaeo aiai?yo ieioi.
Ieeiaaea ia iuoathony caiyoue eaeie-ieaoaeue iino, ia eacoo e aeanoe.
I?aayo ia yaii a ne?uoi.
Eio?eaaiu – a?oiia ethaeae, oaeii iauaaeeieaoeony aeey aeinoeaeaiey
naieo oeaeae.
Ie iaeia oe?ia ia nouanoaoao aac e-?u. Eoeueoo?a iiaeao auoue neeueiie
eee neaaie, ii i?enoonoaoao anaaaea.
I?eciaee neaaie eoeueoo?u:
ionoonoaea yniuo i?aaenoaaeaiee i oeaiiinoyo (o ?oeiaiaenoaa iao yniuo
oeaeae e oaaaeaeaiee, eae iiaeii aeinoe/ue oniaoa);
oaeea oe?iu ia ?uiea ia eiatho neeueiuo iiceoeee;
/oiau aueoe ec neiaeiie neooaoeee, ?oeiaiaenoai iuoaaony iii?aaeoue
iieiaeaiea e?aoein?i/iuie caaea/aie;
iao niaeaney a ioeaiea oeaiiinoae (eaaaaeue, ?ae e uoea);
ionoonoaea oeaeueiie ea?oeiu a i?aaiecaoeee (?oeiaiaenoai ia iiaeao
i?eeoe e niaeaoaieth). Iaeiieaiea i?ioeai?a/ee aaa?oo, yoe i?ioeai?a/ey
iioneathony aiec, ia oe?ia iao niaeaney.
aaaeouea oeao?u (?oe-ai) aeaenoaoao aeaiioeae?othua (i?eieiaao
iainiciaiiua, i?ioeai?a/eaua ?aoaiey);
?oeiaiaeyuea eaae?u i?eieiatho i?ioeai?a/auea ae?oa ae?oao ?aoaiey
(iaeei ioaeae ?aoee auioneaoue ecaeaeea, ae?oaie – iao).
I?aaiecaoeee ni neaaie eoeueoo?ie cae?uou eae aiaoia, oae e ecaia.
Aeaenoaotho eae iaoaieci: eiaaea eaaeaeue yeaiaio i?a. no?oeoo?u
ioeaaeai – i?a. ?aaioaao. Eiaaea ia ioeaaeai – i?aaiecaoeey
?aceaaeeaaaony.
I?aaiecaoeee n neeueiie eoeueoo?ie:
nenoaia oeaiiinoae, i?aaeea i?aaiecaoeee e eiie?aoiia iiaaaeaiea (a
iniiaiii ?oeiaiaeeoaeae) iieiinoueth niaeaniaaiu. O.a. anee ia oe?ia
anoue ii?aeueiue eiaeaen, oi ?oeiaiaeeoaeue naiei i?eia?ii neaaeoao
iaienaiiiio e ?aaioieee iinooiatho oaeaea, aeaey, /oi iao
?anniaeaniaaiee iaaeaeo neiaii e aeaeii;
aeaaiui yaeyaony oi, /oi i?ienoiaeeo ia o?iaia iiaaaeaiey, a ai ii
neiaai;
ia i?aaei?eyoee nou. naie oeaiiinoe;
eoeueoo?a ioe?uoa ecioo?e e ecaia;
i?aaiecaoeey aeaenoaoao eae i?aaieci (eaaeaeue ioaeae ia/eiaao nai
ai?ioueny ca auaeeaaiea, ia aeaeao oeacaiee naa?oo)
Yio?iiey i?aaiecaoeee – eiaaea i?aaiecaoeey ia aini?eieiaao ieeaeie
aiaoiae eioi?iaoeee.
Eoeueoo?a eaaeaeie i?aaiecaoeee oieeaeueia.
Neeueiay eoeueoo?a – yoi aeeaay eoeueoo?a, a neaaay – aaeeaoayny.
I?aaiecaoeey eae iaoaieci eiaao eoeueoo?o, a i?aaiecaoeey eae i?aaieci
naia eoeueoo?a.
Eaeoeey 8.
Aeaee Eaiiaaee ?ac?aaioae iaoiae, eioi?ue iicaieyao aeaeeoue eoeueoo?u
ia oeiu (yoi naycaii n iiiyoeai io?aneaauo eoeueoo?). 4 oeia io?aneaaie
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe, ii 2-i e?eoa?eyi.
1-e e?eoa?ee naycaiiue n ?uieii – ?ene – ianeieueei iauaeoeaii eee
noauaeoeaii niaea?aeao a naaa ?ene oa eee eiua ?aoaiey, i?eiyoua
?oeiaiaenoaii oe?iu (iaeue ?ene e aieueoie ?ene)
2-e – ia?aoiay naycue (eae auno?i auyniyaony, i?aaeeueii ee auei i?eiyoi
?aoaiea).
A niioaaonoaee n yoeie e?eoa?eyie auaeaeytho 4 oeia eoeueoo?:
Ia?aoiay + Eoeueoo?a oi?aiaee (1) Auaiaeiuo naeaeie (2)
naycue – Aaeieieno?aoeaiay (3) Eiaanoeoeeiiiay (4)
– ?ene +
Eoeueoo?a oi?aiaee: auno?ay ia?aoiay naycue e iaeue ?ene. I?iyaeyaony a
oi?aiauo i?aaiecaoeeyo, i?a. ii nauoo, /anoe/ii o i?iecaiaeeoaeae
eiiiuethoa?ia, o iaeea?ia ii i?iaeaaea iaaeaeaeeiinoe, o oeiainiauo
iaeea?ia, oi?aiaoeaa aaoiiiaeeyie, a no?aoiauo eiiiaieyo.
Oniao caeanue caaeneo io eiee/anoaa eiioaeoia e io ianoie/eainoe a
iienea naeaeie. Iaoniao iaeiie naeaeee ia i?eaiaeeo e ?eneo (?ene
iacia/eoaeueiue).
Oa?-ea nio?oaeieeia – iieiaeua, aeoeaiua ethaee, niaei eaeoo ia
yenia?eiaio, ae?oaeaethaiu, aac aieueoeo aeooiaiuo cai?inia. Aioo?e –
oi?ioi aaaeoo eieeaeoeaioth ea?o. Aeaeyony iiuoii i ?aaioa n
“eai?eciuie” iieoiaoaeyie. I?aaeii/eoatho ?aaeeciaaoue i?iaeaiu ia
i?aeoeea a ia a oai?ee – iaoiae i?ia e ioeaie. Oeiainiaua noeioeu aeey
ieo ia aeaaiia. A iauaiee iaaeaeo niaie ae?oaeaethaiu.
Iaaeinoaoee:
– eiee/anoai i?aauoaao ea/anoai (aeaaiia eiee/anoai, a ia ea/anoai);
– aeiieie?oao iuoeaiea e?aoein?i/iiai oniaoa: nethieiooiue oniao eo/oa
aeaeueiaeoeo ia?niaeoea;
– nio?oaeieee i?aaeaea anaai /oanoaotho naycue iaaeaeo ethaeueie, ii ia
n oe?iie. Iao i?aaeaiiinoe eiiiaiee;
– nio?oaeieee ia noa?atho: aieueoay oaeo/anoue eaae?ia – ionoonoaea
neeueiie, noaaeeueiie eoeueoo?u.
Eoeueoo?a auaiaeiuo naeaeie (niaeoeyoeaiay). Oeiainiaua eiiiaiee ( ana
aeaeu), /anoe/ii aieueoie nii?o, oi?aiaoeu nu?ueai, iiaea, einiaoeea,
?aeeaia, eiiiaiee aeeaaeuaathuea aeaiueae a ?eneiaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeaaec: auno?aa aeiaeeoue – auno?aa iieo/eoue.
Nio?oaeieee: iieiaeua eee aeooiaii iieiaeua ethaee, ouaneaaiua. Yoa
eoeueoo?a niinianoaoao oi?ie?iaaieth a /ae-ea aieoeianeeo ea/anoa.
Yiioeee ei iaciaeiiu, aa?anneaiu e oaa?aeu a naieo ?aoaieyo, e?aoee,
eniieuecotho ycue aeanoia. Aioo?e – ioa?aoeoaeueii aaaeoo eieeaeoeaioth
ea?o. Noaaa?iu. ?ani?ino?aiaia caacaeiay aieaciue. Eoeueoo?a ia
neeueiay.
O?oaeii iaeoe i?aeiouanoaa a yoie eoeueoo?a.
Aaeieieno?aoeaiay eoeueoo?a. No?aoaae/anee i?aaiecaoeee n
Aaeieieno?aoeaiie eoeueoo?ie iaoeaeaiu ia na?aen (i?iaeoiua i?a., IEE, e
o.i.), /anoe/ii a aaieao e no?aoiaaiee, oeie/ia a aaeieieno?aoeaiuo
i?aaiecaoeeyo.
Nio?oaeieee: aeeo?aoiua e iniiaaoaeueiua ethaee, inoi?iaeiua,
i?eaee?/eaua, iaaeaioe/iua, oi?ioi aaeaioe?othony. ?aoaiey i?eieiatho
iaaeeaiii, i?iaeoiaiii. Acaeiiioiioaiey aioo?e – no?iai niaethaeaiiay
ea?a?oey. Ia aeaeyo ?acoeueoaoia naiaai o?oaea ia ?uiea e iaei ?aaeinoe
io ?aaiou. Aeaaiia – eae naeaeaoue. Nio?oaeieee ioia/atho aianoa
i?acaeieee, aeie ?iaeaeaiey, iiauoaiey e o.i. Neeueii ?acaeou ?eooaeu –
ii anai aii?inai aaaeoo i?ioieieu, oi?ioay nenoaia o?aiaiey aeieoiaioia.
Eniieiythony ana ?anii?yaeaiey (oi?ioea e ieioea). Aieueoia cia/aiea
aeey nio?oaeieeia eiatho oeooeu, a ia aeaiueae.
Aaeieieno?aoeey ?uiee ia caoaaouaaao, nio?oaeieee ioaee/iuo oniaoia ia
naaa ia eniuouaatho. Aeey i?aaiecaoeee oeaiiinoueth yaeyaony nai
nio?oaeiee.
Eiaanoeoeeiiiay eoeueoo?a. No?ieoaeuenoai, aaiee, iaooyiay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue, i?-ai n?-a i?-aa. ss?ei au?aaeaiiay i?eaioaoeey ia
aoaeouaa a oneiaeyo aunieie noaiaie ?enea e ieceie ia?aoiie nayce n
?uieii.
Ia?niiae ioiineony i/aiue na?ueacii e ?aoaieth anao caaea/. Ana ?aoaiey
i?eieiathony ia naiii aunieii o?iaia oi?aaeaiey. Ana iie ouaoaeueii
i?iaa?ythony e acaaoeaathony ii ianeieueei ?ac. Oneiaea
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe eieeaeoea niea/eaaao. Ethaee ia iaeeaeatho auno?iai
?inoa ea?uea?u. Eoeueoo?a niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee.
Oeaieony aaoi?eoao e i?ioanneiiaeeci.
Yoi naiay iaaeaaeiay eoeueoo?a. Niaiaaeatho oeaee i?aaiecaoeee e
nio?oaeieea.
1. Acaeiinaycue eoeueoo?u i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa n eoeueoo?ie
nio?oaeieea.
2. Eoeueoo?a i?aaiecaoeee e no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee.
3. Acaeiinaycue eoeueoo?u i?aaiecaoeee e no?aoaaee i?aaiecaoeee.
Acaeiinaycue eoeueoo?u i?aaiecaoeee e eoeueoo?u nio?oaeieea.
Oeiu eoeueoo?:
e-?a aeanoe;
e-?a ?iee;
i?iaeaiiay e-?a;
e-?a, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia nio?oaeieeia.
E?eoa?ee Aeanoue ?ieue I?iaeaiu I?eaioe?. ia /ae.
Ioiioaiea e aeanoe
Ioiioaiea e nio?oaeieeai
Aioo?aiiyy aoiinoa?a
Ioiioaiea e ?uieo (aiaoiae n?aaea ia aioiau iiae/eiyoueny,
nii?ioeaeythony
aaniethoiue eiio?ieue
caeii aeaeoiaeae
?uiee ?aaiinoii io?aiythony ?aoe. oii?yaei/aiiinoue
oaaaeaaony e oeaieony i?ioanneiiaeeci
ei??aeoe?iaea iiaaaeaiey
?aaoee?. caeiiaie aeanoue – ia iniiaa aeey aaoi?eoaoa
aaoi?eoao iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ciaieai
ee/iua eioa?anu eaii?e?othony, anee iie ia niaiaaeatho n oeaeyie
i?aaiecaoeee
aeaeay iieeoeea ?aaiiaeooiia
ia iniiaa ee/iuo i?aaeii/oaiee
eieeaeoeaeci e acaeiiiiieiaiea
ia?oia?neea ioiioaiey
Acaeiinaycue eioa?ania nio?oaeieeia
e aeaeia eoeueoo?
Eioa?anu nio?oaeieeia
Aa?aioee io iieeo, ye, e ineoieiae/. iaoaea/ Aiciiaeiinoue
i?aaeeiaeeoue naay aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoe. Aiciiaeiinoue
i?aneaaeiaaiey ee/iuo oeaeae
Aeanoe iaeua; caaenyo io aiee aaoie?aoia iaeay noaiaiue, e?iia aunieiai
iinoa iaeay noaiaiue, e?iia aunieiai iinoa
?iee aieueoay noaiaiue; cano?aoiaaiu iieiaeaieyie e niaeaoaieyie iaeay
noaiaiue, e?iia aunieeo iinoia iaeay noaiaiue, o.e. oeaee i?a.
iaiiaeaeaeiu
Oeaee n?aaeiyy noaiaiue, aicieeatho i?iaeaiu, anee aeeaae nio?oaeieeia
noaiiaeony eceeoiei aieueoay noaiaiue, o.e. i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua ?aoathony,
yaeythony iniiaie ioiioaiee iaeay noaiaiue, o.e. o?aaothony
eaeaioeoeeaoeey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee e nio?oaeieeia
Ee/iinoe aieueoea, o.e. aeaaiiieo/ea ioaeaeueiuo nio?oaeieeia – oeaeue
i?aaiecaoeee aieueoay noaiaiue, oeaeueth i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony oi aea
?acaeoea nio?oaeieeia aieueoay, oeaee i?aaiecaoeee ii?aaeaeythony
oeaeyie nio?oaeieeia
Acaeiinaycue eioa?ania i?aaiecaoeee e eoeueoo?u.
Eioa?anu i?aaiecaoeee
?aaeoeey i?aaiecaoeee ia eciaiaiea a aeeaeaeoai ie?oaeaiee
Naea?aeeaaiea auno?uo eciaiaiee Aioo?aiiyy eioaa?aoeey e eii?aeeiaoeey
Aeanoe aioiaa iaianoe ioaaoiue oaea? ia ethaia eciaiaiea io n?aaeiae aei
iaeie noaiaie niiniaia naea?aeeaaoue auno?ua eciaiaiey (caaeneo io
aaee/eiu oe?iu) iaeay oe?ia – aieueoay noaiaiue yooaeoeaiue eiio?ieue
?oeiaiaenoaii
?iee iaaeeaiii iiaeeecoao naie ?ano?nu iaeay noaiaiue (eaiaeu
eiiioieeaoeee ia?aa?oaeaiu) aieueoay noaiaiue eioaa?aoeee
I?iaeaiu (Caaea/e) iaaeeaiiua ?aoaiey, i?iaeoiaiiay ?aaeoeey aieueoay
noaiaiue e aeaeia eniieueciaaiea ?ano?nia eioaa?e?iaaiiay no?oeoo?a
cao?oaeiyao eii?aeeiaoeeth
Ee/iinoe iiiai a?aiaie ia iniciaiea oa?icu ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia
caaeneo io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo cai?inia aeaenoaey caaenyo io
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo cai?inia
Eoeueoo?a Neaaua noi?iiu Neeueiua noi?iiu
Aeanoe ianiiniaia yooaeoeaii i?eieiaoue aucia ec aiaoiae n?aaeu oi?ioi
?acaeou eiiaiaeiua caaiuey, oi?ioay ni?oe?iaea eioi?iaoeee iicaieyao
auno?i aueoe ec o?oaeiie neooaoeee
?iee i?aaeea e ?aaeaiaioaoeee iaoatho aeaeiio ?aaae?iaaieth ia eciaiaiey
aiaoiae n?aaeu noaaeeueiinoue neooaoeee ia niinianoaoao iiyaeaieth o
aeanoe aeeeoaoi?a
Caaea/e (naeaeee) iianiinoue nie?auaiey e eneaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee auno?ia
?aaae?iaaiea ia ana eciaiaiey ecaia
Ee/iinoe aeieai ia caia/atho iianiinoe ecaia ec-ca eiioi?oiinoe i?a.
iaeaaeaao iioaioeeaeii ia auno?ia ?aaae?iaaiea ecaia
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia oi?ie?iaaiea no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee.
1) Caaea/e, ?aoaaiua ia i?aaei?eyoee.
2) I?eiaiyaiua oaoiieiaee.
3) Eaae?iaue iioaioeeae e ia?niiae.
4) I?aaiecaoeey ioaeaeia.
5) Ii?iu oi?aaeyaiinoe.
6) Oeaio?aeecaoeey e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey.
Aeueoa?iaoeaiue auai? no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee.
Aunieay eioaa?aoeey
Ath?ie?aoey I?iaeo
Ieceee eiio?ieue eiio?ieue Aunieee eiio?ieue
Neea Ethaee
Ieceay eioaa?aoeey
Acaeiinaycue no?aoaaee i?aaei?eyoey
e i?aaiecaoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u.
*oiau no?aoaaey aienaeanue a i?aaei?eyoea, iaiaoiaeeii:
1-e yoai
enneaaeiaaoue ye-ou no?aoaaee ia niaianoeiinoue n eoeueoo?ie, eioi?ay
nouanoaoao ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee;
ii?aaeaeeoue aaee/eio ?enea a eaaeaeii ioaeaeueiii neo/aa, naycaiiui n
eoeueoo?ie;
2-e yoai
ii?aaeaeeoue aaaeiinoue eaaeaeiai oaaa i?e ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiie
no?aoaaee;
oaycaoue ioaeaeueiua oaae nouanoaothuae eoeueoo?u;
3-e yoai- iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieoue eaaeaeue oaa
eaeea aeaenoaey aeieaeiu aucuaaoue o i?e/anoiuo e yoei eciaiaieyi
niioaaonoaothuea oaae;
a eaeie noaiaie eciaiaiey iiaeeytho ia iniiaiua caaea/e ?oeiaiaenoaa;
eae yoi iiaeeyao ia aioo?aiithth no?oeoo?o ioiioaiee;
eaeea niaoeeoe/aneea aeaeaiey e cai?inu eeeaioia aeieaeiu auoue
oaeiaeaoai?aiu;
eaeea i?aeiouanoaa yoi iai aeano a oneiaeyo ia ?uiea (eciaiaiey);
eae iiaeeyao yoe iiaiaaaaeaiey ia aaee/eio cao?ao;
eae eciaiaiey iiaeeytho ia io?aneue, i?aaeoaeuenoai, iioaioeeaeueiuo
nio?oaeieeia;
4-e yoai – ioeaiea niaianoeiinoe eoeueoo?u e no?aoaaee
a eaeii iauaia eciaiythony eeth/aaua caaea/e e eiathueany noaaeeueiua
eiioaeou e ioiioaiey;
eaeiaa noaiaiue i?eniiniaeyaiinoe eoeueoo?u e iiaie no?aoaaee;
a eaeie noaiaie naii ?oeiaiaenoai aioiai i?iecaanoe yoe eciaiaiey.
A caaeneiinoe io oiai, eae i?eieiathony ?aoaiey a i?aaiecaoeee, eae
nio?oaeieee ioiinyony e naaa e e ?oeiaiaeeoaeth, eae ioiinyony
?oeiaiaeeoaee e nio?oaeieeai e eo acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo niaie, iiaeii
ioeaieoue neaainoue e neeo aeaea eoeueoo?u.
Eaeoeey 10.
Ineoieiaey iauaiey.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea /aeiaaea e i?aaiecaoeee.
Iniiaiua caaea/e ineoieiae/aneiai iai?aaeaiey iaiaaeaea?a.
Yoaiu ?acaeoey ineoieiaee;
No?oeoo?a iniiaiuo ?acaeaeia ineoieiaee.
*aeiaae, i?eoiaey a i?aaiecaoeeth, anooiaao n iae ai acaeiiaeaenoaea.
Ii oi/ao iieo/eoue ioaao ia neaaeothuea aii?inu:
1. *oi, 2. Eiaaea 3. e a eaeii iauaia ii aeieaeai
auiieiyoue ?aaioo;
A eaeeo oneiaeyo….
N eai e neieueei a?aiaie….
*oi ii iieo/aao ca naith ?aaioo io i?aaiecaoeee;
*ai ii aea?oaoao aeey eioa?ania i?aaiecaoeee.
Caaea/a iaiaaeaea?a caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau iai?aaeyoue ?aaioieeia ia
?acaeoea i?aaiecaoeee.
*oi aeeyao ia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea:
– oa?aeoa?enoeee ee/iinoe /aeiaaea;
– oa?aeoa?enoeee i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ie?oaeaiey /aeiaaea.
Iiaeaeue aeeth/aiey /aeiaaea a i?aaiecaoeeth:
I?aaiecaoeeiiiia Noeioee?othuaa *aeiaae ?aaeoeey /aeiaaea ia
ie?oaeaiea aicaeaenoaea noeioee?othuaa aicae-a
Iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea ?acoeueoao ?aaiou
Ia?aoiay naycue
A yoie iiaeaee /aeiaae i?aaenoaaeyaony eae nioeeaeueiui, oae e
aeieiae/aneei nouanoaii.
Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ee/iinoe /aeiaaea:
Nioeeaeueiua:
Iio?aaiinoe /aeiaaea
Iiuo
Ciaiey
Iaauee
Ii?aeueiua oeaiiinoe
?aaeoeey ia noeioee?othuaa aicaeaenoaea
Aini?eyoea Ioeaiea Niioaaonoaothuea aeaenoaey
– iuoeaiea
– ieieea
– aeanou
– aicaeanu
?acoeueoao ?aaiou
*oi /aeiaae aeiaeeny *oi aeey i?aaiecaoeee
aeey naay
Aeaa aeaea i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ie?oaeaiey
Iacaaeneii io aai aiee e aeaeaiey (iae?i) Ee/iia ie?oaeaiea
1. + ?aai/aa ianoi e oneiaey o?oaea
2. + I?iecaiaenoaaiiue i?ioeeue
3. + Iieiaeaiea oe?iu a io?anee (noaoon)
4. Iieiaeaiea ia ?uiea
5. Oeeinioey i?aaiecaoeee, ii?iu iauaiey
6. I?aaeea iiaaaeaiey
7. + Nenoaia iieaou
8. Aioo?aiiee ?anii?yaeie
9. + Noeeue ?oeiaiaenoaa
10. I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a
11. ?acia? i?aaiecaoeee
*anoue ieacuaaao iieiaeeoaeueiia, a /anoue – io?eoeaoaeueiia
aicaeaenoaea (+ – yoi noeioee?othuaa aicaeaenoaea)
A eaaeaeie eiie?aoiie neooaoeee i?e acaeiiaeaenoaee /aeiaaea n
i?aaiecaoeeae aicieeatho naie i?iaeaiu, naie i?e/eiu e naie ?aoaiey yoeo
i?iaeai. Aeey oiai, /oiau ?aoeoue yoe i?iaeaiu, ?oeiaiaeeoaee
i?aaiecaoeee eee iaiaaeaea? aeieaeiu iaeaaeaoue ineoieiae/aneeie
ciaieyie.
Aeaaiua caaea/e ineoieiaee iaiaaeaeiaioa:
Yooaeoeaiue iiaeai? eaiaeeaeaoa ia aeieaeiinoue iaiaaeaea?a.
Aaeaeaaoiay e iauaeoeaiay ioeaiea eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ciaiea ineoieiae/aneeo iaoiaeia.
Yoaiu ?acaeoey ineoieiaee.
1-e yoai ?acaeoey ineoieiaee: ia?aiauoiiiaueiiue no?ie. Ethaee ia/aee
caaeoiuaaoueny i oii, /oi nouanoaoao iaeia aeooiaiia ia/aei, eioi?ia
oi?aaeyao eo aeayoaeueiinoueth. Niu, aa?anney, iaiiieiaiea ae?oa ae?oaa,
ethaiaue – auei iaiiiyoii. Iie nicaeaee Aiaa.
2-e yoai: aioe/iue ia?eiae. A?enoioaeue – nouanoaoao aeooa, eioi?ay
acaeiiaeaenoaoao n oaeii, iia eiio?iee?oao iunee e /oanoaa /aeiaaea, iia
iie?aaony ia i?ioeue iiuo /aeiaaea.
E?oa – neiaie aa?iiiee niaa?oainoaa.
Oece/aneay e oeie/aneay ninoaaeythuea /aeiaaea (neiaie caei?iaiai oaea)
acaeiiaeaenoaea aeooe e oaea
3-e yoai: n?aaeiaaaeiauea. Oeeiniou ia i?iaeaeioeenue ie ia oaa a
?acaeoee ineoieiaee. Eeoue a 17 a. aeaaiaea?y Aeaea?oo ?iaeaeathony
iniiau nia?aiaiiie ineoieiaee. A iniiaa oai?ee Aeaea?oa eaaeeo
i?aaenoaaeaiea i niioiioaiee iaaeaeo ia?aiie nenoaiie e iiaaaeaieai
/aeiaaea. Ii ca aeaenoaey /aeiaaea ioaaonoaaiia aeooa.
4-e yoai: 18-e aae – ioaeaeaiea ineoieiaee a naiinoiyoaeueioth iaoeo.
THi, Eiia, Eiiaeeeueye. Eco/aiea aeooe caiaiyaony ia eco/aiea niciaiey.
5-e yoai: eiiaoe 19-ai aaea – ca?iaeaeaiea iao/iie ineoieiaee. 2 oeieu:
no?oeoo?aeenou (iuoaeenue i?aaenoaaeoue, iienaoue niciaiea n oi/ee
c?aiey no?oeoo?u) e ooiaeaiaioaeenou (iuoaeenue iienaoue n iiceoeee
auiieiyaiuo ooieoeee).
6-e yoai, ia/aei 20-ai aaea (aei 30-o aa.):
– aeoaaei?enoe/aneee iiaeoiae, iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaeooia ii?aaeaeyaony
aiaoiae n?aaeie a aeaiiie neooaoeee.
– aeieiae/aneee iiaeoiae, eco/aee ?acee/ea oi?i iiaaaeaiey a
caaeneiinoe io ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ia?aiie e ai?iiiaeueiie nenoai.
I?aaenoaaeoaee yoiai iiaeoiaea – nioeeiaeieiae – enneaaeotho
aeieiae/aneea iniiau i?e?iaeu /aeiaaea, iuoaynue iauynieoue i?e yoii aai
?acaeoea, eae ?aaeecaoeeth caeiaeaiiie a iaai io ?iaeaeaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiie i?ia?aiiu.
– eiaieoeaiue iiaeoiae – oii? ia oi?ie?othueany a iicao /aeiaaea ciaiey
e oiaiey. Iiiuoea auynieoue eee iauynieoue niiniau niaa?oainoaiaaiey
iuneeoaeueiuo i?ioeannia e ia?a?aaioee eioi?iaoeee.
7-e yoai (30-a aa.): ineoiaiaeeoe/aneee iiaeoiae O?aeaea. Iuoaeny
iauynieoue iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea i?ioeui iiuoii, eioi?ue aue auoaniai a
iiaeniciaiea. No?oeoo?o iiaeniciaiey iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue a aeaea:
ss
iiaeniciaiea
iauanoaaiiia iiaeniciaiea
A iiaeniciaiee iaoiaeeony any eioi?iaoeey, eioi?oth /aeiaae iieo/ee n
iiiaioa aai ?iaeaeaiey. Iauanoaaiiia iiaeniciaiea – any eioi?iaoeey,
iieo/aiiay /aeiaaeii n iiiaioa ca?iaeaeaiey anaeaiiie.
8-e yoai: nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneee iiaeoiae Ianeio. Aeaeeo a
eiaeeaeaeooia eeoue iauanoaaiiia nouanoai, eioi?ia iaoiaeeony a
iinoiyiiii acaeiiaeaenoaee n ae?oaeie e aai iiaaaeaiea ia caaeneo io aai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae.
Eaaeaeue iiaeoiae oa?aeoa?ecoao oieueei iaeio noi?iio /aeiaaea
(niciaiea, no?oeoo?o niciaiey, oeceieiaeth e o.i.)
9-e yoai: yeeaeoe/aneee iiaeoiae: aae?aao iiiaiiiao io eaaeaeiai
iiaeoiaea. Aiaeece?oao /aeiaaea ni anao noi?ii.
Nouanoaoao ooiaeaiaioaeueiia enneaaeiaaiea, naycaiiia n iieaaie
ineoieiaeae (n ia?aineoieiaeae). A yoio iiaeoiae iiaeeeth/eeenue aua e
oeceee.
4 ninoiyiey /anoio iicaa (eceo/aiey iicaa):
Aeaeueoa-ninoiyiea, /anoioa 0-4 Aoe. Aeoaieee nii;
Oaoa-ninoiyiea, /anoioa 4-7 Aoe. Iiaa?oiinoiue nii;
Aeueoa-ninoiyiea, 7-14 Aoe. Ninoiyiea ?anneaaeaiey, iica niiniaai
aini?eieiaoue eioi?iaoeeth ecaia;
Aaoa-ninoiyiea, 15-35 Aoe. Iica ia aini?eieiaao eioi?iaoeeth, ninoiyiea
aicaoaeaeaiey.
Ineoieiaey e aa ?acaeaeu.
Ineoieiaey aeaeeony ia i?eeeaaeioth, e ineoieiaeth iao/iiai iienea.
I?eeeaaeiay ineoieiaey:
– eeeie/aneee ineoieia;
– ineoieia-eiinoeueoaio (ineoeao?, caieiathueeny ethaeueie, neeiiiuie e
ia?eiiaiee e naiioaeenoao);
– oeieueiue e i?iiuoeaiiue ineoieia (eco/aiea ethaeae ia i?aaei?eyoee e
a oeieao);
– iaaeaaiae/aneee ineoieia (?ac?aaaouaaao iaoiaeieiae/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee);
– ineoieia-y?aiiiieno;
– ineoieia ?aeeaiu;
– ineoieia-th?eno;
– aiaiiay ineoieiaey;
– ineoieiaey ?aeeaee;
– ineoieiaey yeieiaee (aeeyiea /enoiou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ia
iiaaaeaiea ethaeae).
Iao/iay ineoieiaey:
– aaiaoe/aneay ineoieiaey;
– ineoieiaey ee/iinoe;
– nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey (iiaaaeaiea a nioeeaeueiuo a?oiiao);
– ooiaeaiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey:
a) ineoioeceieiaey;
a) ineoioa?iaeieiaey;
a) ciiineoieiaey;
a) ia?aineoieiaey;
ae) iieaaay ineoieiaey.
“ Yaiethoeeiiiue eaeaiaea?ue anaeaiiie. ”
aeaaiinoue ianyoe aeaiue niauoea
15 ie?ae eao iacaae yiaa?ue 1 aieueoie ac?ua
10 ie?ae
5 ie?ae
4 ie?ae
1 ie?ae
500 iei
450 iei
400 iei
350 iei
300 iei
195 iei
180 iei
70 iei iae
aaaono
naioya?ue
ieoya?ue
iiya?ue
aeaeaa?ue 2
9
14
20
7
19
20
22
23
24
26
27
29 aicieeiiaaiea aaeaeoeee, iea/iiai iooe
aicieeiiaaiea nieia/iie nenoaiu
ia?aciaaiea Caiee
aicieeiiaaiea aeecie a ii?yo
aicieeiiaaiea iiea
iiyaeaiea ia?auo iicaiii/iuo
ia?aua iacaiiua ?anoaiey
ia?aua ?uau
ia?aua aioeaee
ia?aua ?aioeeee
ia?aua ieaeiieoathuea
ia?aua ioeoeu
auie?aiea aeaaioneeo ?aioeeee.
iiyaeaiea ia?auo i?eiaoia
31 aeaeaa?y:
19/ 30i ia?aua aiieieaeu 7.5 iei eao iacaae
21/ 45i ia?aua ethaee 4 iei eao iacaae
23/ 42i 30n iaeaaeaiea iaiai 500 oun eao iacaae
23/ 53i ?acoiiue /aeiaae 200 oun eao iacaae
23/ 58i 36n ia?aua ethaee a Aia?eea e a Aano?aeee 40 oun eao iacaae
23/ 58i 57n ia?aua ianeaeueiua ?enoiee 30 oun eao iacaae
23/ 59i 41n ia?aua iinaeaiey ia ae?aaiai Ainoiea 10 oun ea iacaae
23/ 59i 56n ioeaaie aiae iaoae y?u 2 oun eao iacaae
23/ 59i 59n eieaiia/aoaiea
A oaeii ianooaaa aeeciue /aeiaaea ninoaaeyao 1/8 aeiee naeoiaeu
Ianii?o /aeiaaea
Aeae Homo sapiens
?iae Homo
Naiaenoai Hominidac
Io?yae Primates
Eeann Mammalia
Oei Iicaiii/iia
Oea?noai Animalia
Ieaiaoa Caiey
Nenoaia Nieia/iay
Aaeaeoeea Iea/iue iooue
Anaeaiiay Oieueei oa /anoue, eioi?ay aeinooiia iai aeey enneaaeiaaiey
Ianoi /aeiaaea a nioeeaeueii-aeieiae/aneie nenoaia
Aeioeie/aneee i?ioeann Eeaoea (ninoaaeyao oeaiue) Aeaenoaea
Nie?auaiea iuooe Oeaiue (ninoaaeyao i?aai) ?ieue
I?iyae. ee/iinoiuo no?oeoo? I?aai Ee/iinoue
?ac-ou acaeiiuo onooiie Nenoaia A?oiia
No?oeoo?a i?aaieciaaiiuo a?oii
Eaaeaeue /aeiaae iinoiyiii i?eiaaeeaaeeo e yaeyaony o/anoieeii
ii?aaeaeaiiie a?oiiu (naiuey, nooaeai/aneay a?oiia, a?oiia ae?ocae)
A yoeo a?oiiao o eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea /aoei ii?aaeaeai aai noaoon
2 noaoona:
nioeeaeueiue noaoon “iyiue” – icia/aao iiceoeeth a iauanoaa, i?anoeae e
eaoaai?eth /ae-ea a yoie a?oiia
ee/iue noaoon “eyiue” – aeeth/aao iieiaeaiea /aeiaaea a ia?ae/iie a?oiia
e o?iaaiue ioeaiee aai /eaiaie a?oiiu.
?acee/ey a?oii:
– ii /eneaiiinoe;
– ii caaea/ai, noiyuei ia?aae a?oiiie e eo ?aoaieyi;
– ii aeaenoaeth.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay a?oiia – a?oiia ethaeae, iauaaeeiaiiuo iaueie oeaeyie,
ii?iaie iiaaaeaiey. Ii e?iia iauae oeaee o eaaeaeiai /eaia a?oiiu anoue
naie ee/iua oeaee. Eaaeaeue /eai a?oiiu aeieaeai i?eieiaoue a ?an/ao ia
oieueei naie oeaee, ii e oeaee ae?oaeo /eaiia a?oiiu.
Ineoieiaey iaiaaeaeiaioa.
Ineoieiae/aneea iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey.
Yooaeo oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe caaeneo io:
Iiuoa (ea/anoaa ee/iinoe, iieo/aiiua iooai ciaiee, oiaiee, iaaueia e
i?eau/ae).
Ciaiey – iieo/aiu iooai ia?aciaaiey;
Iaauee – oiaiey, aeiaaaeaiiua aei aaoiiaoecia e inouanoaeyaiua ia
ineoieiae/aneii o?iaia.
Oi?aaeai/aneea iaauee oi?ie?othony a i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e
?aoaiee oeiiauo caaea/.
Ciaiey iau/ii i?iaa?ythony iaee/eai aeeieiia. Inoaeueiia i?iaa?yaony n
iiiiuueth oanoia.
2. Niiniaiinoae – ea/anoaa ee/iinoe, nouanoaothuea ioiineoaeueii eaeie
eeai aeayoaeueiinoe (iaiyaony aeae aeayoaeueiinoe – iaiythony o?aaiaaiey
e niiniaiinoyi). Yoi niaieoiiinoue oaeeo naienoa /aeiaaea, eioi?ua
ii?aaeaeytho oniao iao/aiey eaeie-eeai aeayoaeueiinoe eee
niaa?oainoaiaaiey. Nouanoaoao iiiyoea io?eoeaoaeueiua niiniaiinoe – o.a.
ianiiniaiinoue /aeiaaea e eaeie-eeai noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe. Niiniaiinoe –
yoi a?iaeaeaiiua ea/anoaa.
Niiniaiinoe aeaeyony ia:
– Yeaiaioa?iua:
– *anoiua (a?iaeaeaiiua: aeaciia?, ioc. neoo)
– Iauea (oiaea a?iaeaeaiiua: inycaoue, aeaeaoue e o.ae.)
– Neiaeiua: niiniaiinoue e o/aaa, e iauaieth, o?oaeo.
– Niaoeeaeueiua: niiniaiinoue e ii?aaeaeaiiui aeaeai i?ioannee
Niiniaiinoue iiaeii ?acaeaaoue, ii oieueei aei ii?aaeaeaiiiai o?iaiy.
*anoi auaaao, /oi iaeie niiniaiinoe, iaaeinoaoi/ii ?acaeoua, iiaoo auoue
eiiiaine?iaaiu ca n/ao ae?oaeo, aieaa ?acaeouo.
Aeey iaiaaeaea?a nouanoaotho iniaua niiniaiinoe – niiniaiinoe e
oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe:
– INOAe – oiaiea ?aoaoue ianoaiaea?oiua i?iaeaiu (aeey ?aoaiey
eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeee);
– iuneeoue ianooaaii;
– naiii?aaiecaoeey (oiaiea ?aaeueii ioeaieaaoue naay e naie
aiciiaeiinoe);
– naiinoiyoaeueiinoue i?eiyoey ?aoaiee;
-Oiaiea i?aaeeueii ioeaieaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue naieo nio?oaeieeia.
3. Ea/anoaa – iaiauaiiua, iaeaieaa onoie/eaua oa?aeoa?enoeee /aeiaaea,
eioi?ua ieacuaatho ?aoathuaa aeeyiea ia oi?aaeai/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue.
Yoi neiaeiua ia?aciaaiey, caaenyuea io iiiaeanoaa oaeoi?ia (iniaaiiinoae
oa?aeoa?a, no?oeoo?u ee/iinoe, oaiia?aiaioa e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu):
– Eiiiaoaioiinoue;
– Eiiioieeaaaeueiinoue;
– Eiioaeoiinoue;
– Aieiaoaeueiinoue;
– ?aoeoaeueiinoue;
– Iaeaaeaiea oai?/aneei iuoeaieai;
– Oiaiea ”naa?ouaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue” – auaeaeaiea aeaaiiai, eeth/aaiai
io aoi?inoaiaiiiai, i?ineaaeeaaiea aeoaeiiuo naycae.
A neeo naieo neiaeiinoae, ea/anoaa ee/iinoe o?aeoothony ia anaaaea
iaeiicia/ii.
Eiiiaoaioiinoue neeaaeuaaaony ec niaoeeaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, eioi?ia
aeaao iaee/ea i?aaiecaoi?neeo ea/anoa, y?oaeeoeee, i?ioanneiiaeueiie
iiaeaioiaee, nenoaiiinoe iuoeaiey, iaee/ey i?aaiecaoi?neeo ea/anoa:
– ineoieiae/aneay ecae?aoaeueiinoue (niiniaiinoue aaeaeaaoii, aac
eneaaeaiey io?aaeaoue ineoieiaeth eieeaeoeaa e aa?ii ?aaae?iaaoue ia
ethaia iiaaaeaiea ethaeae);
– aeoeaecaoeey (niiniaiinoue ca?yaeaoue ethaeae naiae yia?aeae);
– e?eoe/iinoue (aeaeaoue naie iaaeinoaoee);
– ineoieiae/aneee oaeo (oiaiea onoaiaaeeaaoue ia?o aicaeaenoaey ia
ae?oaeo ethaeae ia iniiaa eo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae a aeaiiue
iiiaio a?aiaie);
– o?aaiaaoaeueiinoue (niiniaiinoue i?aaeuyaeyoue o?aaiaaiey e ethaeyi a
caaeneiinoe io iniaaiiinoae neooaoeee);
– aeaeinoue (?aaae?iaaoue ia ?aciua neooaoeee ii ?aciiio);
– oeaeaono?aieaiiinoue;
– ianoie/eainoue;
– ?aaioiniiniaiinoue;
– eieoeeaoeaiinoue;
– aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiinoue.
Yoe ea/anoaa iai?yioth naycaiu n oeiii ia?aiie nenoaiu e oaiia?aiaioii.
Eiiioieeaaaeueiinoue – iai?yioth naycaia n oaeeie ooieoeeyie iao/aiey,
eae:
– eioi?iaoeeiiii-eiiioieeaoeaiay (iaiai eioi?iaoeeae);
– aooaeoeaii-eiiioieeaoeeiiiay (ia?aaea/a yiioeee a i?ioeanna iao/aiey);
– ?aaoeyoeaii- eiiioieeaoeaiay (oiaiea eciaiyoue naia iiaaaeaiea a
i?ioeanna iauaiey).
I?ioeann iauaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oeaiue:
iaia?aiea – aieiaiea – aini?eyoea – caiiieiaiea – o/anoea (n ia?aoiie
naycueth)
Iaia?aiea (iiaeaioiaea) – aiaeec, ioaa/aao ia aii?inu: /oi y oi/o,
eiaaea, ii/aio e n eai?
Eaeoeey 11.
Aieiaiea. No?oeoo?a i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey:
– aeoeaiinoue (i?iecaieueiay e iai?iecaieueiay);
– iai?aaeaiiinoue (aioo?aiiyy e aiaoiyy);
– oe?ioa aieiaiey (?ani?aaeaeaiea e iauai aieiaiey);
– ia?aeeth/aaiinoue (o?oaeiay e eaaeay);
– eioaineaiinoue (aunieay e ieceay);
– onoie/eainoue (onoie/eaay e iaonoie/eaay);
Aini?eyoea. Eioi?iaoeey aeieaeia auoue iiiyoa i?aaeeueii /aeiaaeii, aeey
yoiai aanaaea aeieaeia i?ienoiaeeoue ia iaeiii o?iaia. Ia aini?eyoea
aeeyao:
– aeinooiiua iiiyoey;
– oece/aneay i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue;
– iauaeoeaiinoue aini?eyoey;
– noiaenoai e eiiieaeoa?iinoue;
– nioeeaeueiue noaoon;
– aanei?unoiua iioeau;
– eiiiaoaioiinoue.
Caiiieiaiea. Aeaeu iaiyoe:
– ii noaiaie i?iecaieueiinoe (i?iecaieueiay (caiiieiaiea ni
niaoeeaeueiie onoaiiaeie caiiiieoue) e iai?iecaieueiay);
– ii iniuneaiiinoe (iaoaie/aneay (coa?aaeea) e niuneiaay);
– ii /oanoaaiiie iiaeaeueiinoe:
– iaaeyaeii-ia?aciay (caiiieiaiea oeaaoia, caoeia, eeoe);
– iaaeyaeii-aeaenoaaiiay (oeene?othony aeaenoaey, iia?aoeee);
– yiioeeiiaeueiay (oeene?oao /oanoaa, yiioeee);
– neiaanii-eiae/aneay (iiiyoey, ii?aaeaeaiey, eiaeeo, iaoa?eaeu);
– ii a?aiaie:
– naini?iay (iaiin?aaenoaaiiay, iia?aoeaiay);
– e?aoeia?aiaiiay (20 naeoiae, aieinoue – 7 yeaiaioia);
– aeieaia?aiaiiay (aeinooiiinoue e aeieaia?aiaiiie iaiyoe caaeneo io
i?eau/iinoe, io eiioaenoa);
– i?ioeaio caauaaiey
I?e caiiieiaiee:
– i?inoia caiiieiaaony auno?aa neiaeiiai;
– eiae/iia caiiieiaaony auno?aa /ai aanniuneaiiia;
– ecaanoiia caiiieiaaony auno?aa /ai iaecaanoiia;
– eiie?aoiia caiiieiaaony auno?aa /ai aano?aeoiia.
Ia caauaaiea aeeytho:
– aic?ano;
– iaeniieueciaaiea eioi?iaoeee;
– eioa?oa?aioeey (iiiaoe, ioaea/aiea);
– iieo/aiea iaeiia?aiaiii noiaeiie eioi?iaoeee;
– iiaeaaeaiea (ineoieiae/aneay caueoa).
Ineoieiae/aneea aniaeou ee/iinoe
1. Iiiyoea ee/iinoe.
2. Iai?aaeaiiinoue ee/iinoe.
3. Oaiia?aiaio e oei ia?aiie nenoaiu.
4. Nouiinoue oa?aeoa?a.
5. Yiioeee, /oanoaa.
6. Eioaeeaeo.
Ee/iinoue – iniaia ea/anoai, i?eia?aoaaiia eiaeeaeaeii a iauanoaa.
Iai?yioth naycaia n ?ieueth. Iia iiaeao auoue iiiyoa e iienaia oieueei a
ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaia ioiioaiee. Ee/iinoue – ineoieiae/aneee iaeee
/aeiaaea, eae aeaaniiniaiiai /eaia iauanoaa, niciathuaai naith ?ieue a
iai. Ineoieiae/aneee iaeee ee/iinoe neeaaeuaaaony ec: a?iaeaeaiiuo
caaeaoeia, iiuoa, oa?aeoa?a, niiniaiinoe. Yoi aaiaoe/aneay iniiaa +
nioeeieoeueoo?iia aeeyiea.
5 oai?ee, ?anniao?eaathueo e iauyniythueo ?acaeoea ee/iinoe:
1. Oeiieiaey – aeieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe + ooieoeeiiaeueiua naienoaa
ia?aiie nenoaiu;
2. Eiaieoeaiue iiaeoiae (aini?eyoea aiaoieo niauoee e eiio?ieue iaae
ieie);
3. Aoiaienoe/aneee iiaeoiae (neeiiiinoue e naiiau?aaeaieth e
naii?aaeecaoeee);
4. Ineoiaeeiaie/aneee iiaeoiae (?ieue aanniciaoaeueiuo nee e eiioeeeo n
aiaoiae ?aaeueiinoueth);
5. Oai?ey ineoinioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey (?acaeoea eae
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue 8 e?ecenia, eioi?ua /aeiaae aeieaeai
i?aiaeieaoue).
Aeaaniiniaiinoue – aeaaiaeoay ec /a?o ee/iinoe, i?iyaeyaony e
oi?ie?oaony a i?ioeanna iai?aaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ee/iinoe niaianoii n
ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie, a iinoiyiiii iauaiee n ieie. O.i. ee/iinoue
ninoieo ec aaiaoe/aneie iniiau + nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iia aeeyiea.
Iniiaiie oa?aeoa?enoeeie aeaaniiniaiinoe ee/iinoe yaeyaony aa
iai?aaeaiiinoue, eioi?oth iiaeii iienaoue 2-iy ninoaaeythueie:
– ea/anoaa iai?aaeaiiinoe;
– oi?iu iai?aaeaiiinoe.
Ea/anoaa:
– o?iaaiue iai?aaeaiiinoe: iieacuaaao iauoth cia/eiinoue iai?aaeaiiinoe
a aeecie /aeiaaea. A iauanoaaiiie cia/eiinoe io?aaeaaony ii?aeueiue
iaeee /aeiaaea.
– oe?ioa: aeaaiue eioa?an ee/iinoe, iai?aaeaiiue ia i?ioanneiiaeueioth
aeayoaeueiinoue, eio. auiieiyao /aeiaae. Oe?ioa ia aeieaeia
ia?a?iaeeoueny a aeeeaoaionoai.
– eioaineaiinoue: naycaia n yiioeeiiaeueiie ie?aneie ee/iinoe. Iia
iiaeao eieaaaoueny io neo/aeiuo aea/aiee /a?ac iniciaiiia aeaeaiea e
aeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
– onoie/eainoue: oa?aeoa?ecoaony aa i?ioyaeaiiinoueth ai a?aiaie e
naycaia n ianoie/eainoueth, eae i?iyaeaieai aiee.
– aeaenoaaiiinoue: naycaia n aeoeaiinoueth ee/iinoe.
A iniiaa oi?ie?iaaiey iai?aaeaiiinoe eaaeao iio?aaiinoe. N iio?aaiinoe
ia/eiaaony ea?a?oey oi?i iai?aaeaiiinoe. A iniiaa anao oi?i eaaeeo:
Aea/aiea – niooiia no?aieaiea eee aeaenoaea a neaaenoaea oie eee eiie
iaeiau?aaeaiiie iio?aaiinoe.
AEaeaiea – aieaa aunieay oi?ia iai?aaeaiiinoe, i?e eioi?ie /aeiaae oaea
iniciaao e /aio no?aieony.
Eioa?anu – iniciaiiay oi?ia iai?aaeaiiinoe, yaeyaony oieueei no?aieaieai
e iiciaieth.
Neeiiiinoue – no?aieaiea e ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eaeaae – oi?ia iai?aaeaiiinoe, aiieiuaiiay a eiie?aoiii ia?aca.
A iniiaa iai?aaeaiiinoe ee/iinoe eaaeao iio?aaiinoe.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua A?oiiiaua
2) 1) Ciia aunieiai iai?yaeaiey 3)
4) 5)
6) 7)
8) 9)
1) – yoi iai?yaeaiea iaaeaeo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie e a?oiiiaie iioeaaoeeae e
ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia iiaaaeaiea ioaeaeueiuo ethaeae;
2) – oeaeue
– naiiau?aaeaiea
– i?anoeae
– iieiaeaiea a iauanoaa
– ai?aeinoue
3) – ai?aeinoue ca eieeaeoea
– a?oiiiaie aeoo
– aieoeianeee aeoo
– eiieo?aioeey iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie /eaiaie
– no?aieaiea e iiaaaea
4) no?aieaiea – e eiioaeoai
– eiiioieeaoeee
– iauaieth ?aaiiai n ?aaiui
5) – a?oiiiaie:
– aeoo
– iaiaaenoue
– neeiiiinoue
– iieeiiaiea eaeaaeai
– nieeaea?iinoue
6) no?aieaiea – e aaciianiinoe
– caueoa io ?enea
7) ia?aciaaiea iee?ieieeaeoeaia e ia?
8) oeceieiae/aneea iio?aaiinoe: aeaaeaea, aieiae, iaeaaeaea e o.ae.
9) niaiaaeaiea eioa?ania, aeaaeaiea, aoi?e/iua a?oiiu
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iiiaea iaoe iio?aaiinoe neaai eee aeaaea nianai ia
iniciathony, a /anoi iniciathony a eneaaeaiiii aeaea. Oai?ey
ineoiaiaeeca iauyniyao, /oi any enoi?ey /aeiaaea ni?anniaaia a iaoai
iiaeniciaiee. Iia aeaao naay ciaoue a ?yaea ?acee/iuo aea/aiee. Iniaoth
a?oiio iainiciaiiuo iio?aaiinoae /aeiaaea ninoaaeytho onoaiiaee.
Onoaiiaea – yoi aioo?aiiyy i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue /aeiaaea ?aaae?iaaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii ia oio eee eiie aeae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe eee
neooaoeee. Naycue /aeiaaea n aiaoiae n?aaeie.
Onoaiiaee:
– iieiaeeoaeueiua (?aaeoeey ia /aeiaaea, ia aai neiaa)
– io?eoeaoaeueiua (aa?anney)
Onoaiiaee iai?yioth naycaiu n oaeoeeie e no?aoaaeae iiaaaeaiey.
Iioeau:
– iiaoaeeoaeueiua (eaaeao a iniiaa oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuo aeaenoaee)
– niuneiia?acothuea (iie ia?aaiaeyo iauanoaaiii oeene?iaaiiua cia/aiey
oeaiiinoae ia ee/iinoiue o?iaaiue).
Aaaeiaeoei aniaeoii iio?aaiinoae yaeyaony eo aeeiaieea ?acaeoey. Iia
iineo oeeeee/aneee oa?aeoa?. Oeeee ninoieo ec aeaoo oac: aicieeiiaaiea
iai?yaeaiey e ?ac?aoaiea iai?yaeaiey e aai niyoea.
Aeooiaiua iio?aaiinoe a yoo noaio ia aienuaathony. Iie oneiaii
iacuaathony ianuuaiiuie. Eo oeeee eiaao ainoiaeyuee oa?aeoa?.
N yoeie iniaaiiinoyie naycai caeii aicauoaiey iio?aaiinoe.
Eaeoeey 12.
E?iia iai?aaeaiiinoe ia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea ieacuaaao aeeyiea e
aeieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe ee/iinoe, /oi i?iyaeyaony a oaiia?aiaioa.
Oaiia?aiaio – i?iyaeaiea a aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea oeia aai ia?aiie
nenoaiu: neeueiay e neaaay. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueii ineoieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe
ee/iinoe i?iyaeythony a aeaea neeu aeooa, o?aaiiaaoaiiinoe e
iiaeaeaeiinoe ia?aiuo i?ioeannia.
Oeiu ia?aiie nenoaiu
Neaaay
(naiaaeiee) Neeueiay
– o?aaiiaaoaiiinoue
– iiaeaeaeiinoue
(oiea?ee) Neeueiay
– iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoue
(oeaaiaoee) Neeueiay
– o?aaiiaaoaiiinoue
– iaeiiiaeaeaeiinoue
Oa?aeoa?enoeee
Yia?aaoe/aneea
(ne?uoiinoue, ?aaeoeaiinoue) A?aiaiiua
Naiaaeiee Oiea?ee Oeaaiaoee Iaeaioieee
Oaiia?aiaio – yoi neea aeooa + o?aaiiaaoaiiinoue + iiaeaeaeiinoue
ia?aiuo i?ioeannia
Noaia Aecaiea
Caieiooinoue (eio?iaa?ou) Ianoaaeeueiinoue (yeno?aaa?ou)
Ioe?uoinoue
Iaeaioieee
Ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony auoue iaiaaeaea?ii. O?aaiaeiue, oa?thiue, no?iaue,
ianneieno, naea?aeaiiue, ne?uo-iue.
A iauaiee: iiaeao oniaoii ?aaioaoue a niieieiie ianoaiiaea, i/aiue
iaeae/ea, aai iaeuecy ?oaaoue aeieai i?e anao, aeieai ia?aaeeaaao
iai?/aiey, ia?aaeeaay iaeaeu iiaeao aeiionoeoue ioeaee a ?aaioa. A
eiioeeeoao ooiaeeo io ?aoaiey. A iiaeoiaea e iaio aeieaeia auoue
iyaeinoue. Oneae/ea. O?oaeiethaea. Eo/oa ?aaioaoue iaeiiio. Oiea?ee
Ia?aiue, iaeae/eaue, aa?anneaiue, ?acae?aaeeoaeueiue, eciai/eaue,
eiioeueneaiue, aeoeaiue, iioeienoe/iue.
A iauaiee: ?aniieiaeai e iauaieth, /anoi aniueue/eau. A ?aaioa neeiiiu e
oeeeee/iinoe (anee ii oaea/ai aeaeii, oi ?aaioaao ia eciin, ia yeiiiieo
naie neeu). A nii?ao oiea?ee iuoaaony auynieoue ioiioaiey, eaeao ia
eiioeeeo.
Oeaaiaoee
Ianneaiue, aeaai?acoiiue, aaeoi/eaue, ie?iue, iaiiaeaa?aeaiu
iano?iaieth, eiio?iee?oaiue, aanoa?aeoa?iue (a caaeneiinoe io aiee),
aaciyoaaeiue.
A iauaiee: i?enooiatho e ?aaioa ia niaoa, ie/aai ia oioneath ec iiey
naiaai c?aiey, oaii ?aaiou aunie, ii eeoiaai aeaeaoue ia noaiao, oioy
o?aaiaaoaeai e ea/anoao ?aaiou. A eiioeeeoao iuoathony ion?i/eoue
?aoaiey, ana ianoaeeoue aeaoaeueii, a iioii i?eiyoue ?aoaiea.
Naiaaeiee
Iaueoaeueiue, ioe?uoua, neiaiioioeeau, aeia?iaeooiu, ?anoi?iiiu,
/oanoaeoaeueiu, neeiiiu e eeaea?noao, aania/iu.
A iauaiee: eaaeea a iauaiee, no?aiyony e /anoie niaia aia/aoeaiee, eaaei
ia?aiinyo iaoaea/e, i/aiue i?iaeoeoeaiua ?aaioieee, ii oieueei a oao
neo/ayo, anee ?aaioa ei i?aaeony , anee iao, oi iia aio aac?acee/ia,
noaiiaeony neo/iui e ayeui, aio iaeuecy ii?o/aoue iaeiiia?acioth ?aaioo,
ia oa?ieo /ueaai-eeai aiaoaoaeuenoaa. A eiioeeeoao iuoaaony iaeoe
eiii?iienn, o.a. ?aoeoue i?iaeaio, ii ia oeoe io eiioeeeoa, ia ?oaaaony.
Noaaeeueiinoue
Ia iauaiea n aiaoiei ie?ii ieacuaatho aeeyiea iiiyoey: yeno?aaa?ney e
eio?iaa?ney.
Yeno?aaa?o Eio?iaa?o
I?eaioe?iaai ia aiaoiee ie?, ioe?uo anaio i?ienoiaeyuaio ai aiaoiae
n?aaea, niioiineo naie noaeaeaiey n iiaieai ie?oaeathueo. I?eaioe?iaai
ia naie iunee e aia/aoeaiey, noa?aaony ioai?iaeeoueny io aiaoiae
eioi?iaoeee, oceee e?oa ae?ocae, n o?oaeii aoiaeeo a iiaua a?oiiu.
ssaeaiea yeno?aaa?nee e eio?iaa?nee naycaiu n ?aaioie eaaiai e i?aaiai
iieooa?ey iicaa. O eio?iaa?oia eaaia iieooa?ea ?acaeoi, o yeno?aaa?oia
i?aaia.
Ia iiaaaeaiea ethaeae e?iia oaiia?aiaioa ieacuaaao aeeyiea e eo
oa?aeoa?.
Oa?aeoa? – iauaa ea/anoai ee/iinoe. niaieoiiinoue ?yaea aa /a?o, a
eioi?ie iaeaieaa io/aoeeai au?aaeaii aa naiaia?acea. Yoi ea?ean
ee/iinoe. A oa?aeoa?a nin?aaeioa/eaathony naiua au?aceoaeueiua
iniaaiiinoe ee/iinoe, i?iyaeyaony aeinoaoi/ii onoie/eai, i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie nouanoaaiiua /a?ou anaai iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea.
Oi?ie?iaaiea oa?aeoa?a
A iniiaa oi?ie?iaaiey oa?aeoa?a eaaeao ineoe/aneea i?ioeannu, ninoiyiey,
naienoaa ee/iinoe, /a?ou oa?aeoa?a. Aieueoeinoai iniaaiiinoae naaaeaii e
oeie/iui iniaaiiinoyi ioaeaeueiuo ineoe/aneeo i?ioeannia.
No?oeoo?a ineoe/aneeo i?ioeannia
– Aieiaoaeueiinoue
– ?annayiiinoue
– Iaaethaeaoaeueiinoue
– E?eoe/iinoue
– Oaioaca?noai
– Eiaeinoue
– Ianoie/eainoue
– O?oneeainoue
Ana /a?ou oa?aeoa?a – yoi naienoaa ee/iinoe, ii naienoaa ee/iinoe
oieueei oiaaea noaiiayony /a?oaie oa?aeoa?a, eiaaea iie au?aaeaiu
io/aoeeaaa ae?oaeo.
Aieueoeinoai iniaaiiinoae oa?aeoa?a ia iiaeao auoue naaaeaii e oeie/iui
iniaaiiinoyi ioaeaeueiuo ineoieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia.
O eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea /enei ioaeaeueiuo oa?aeoa?ieiae/aneeo /a?o iiaeao
auoue aaeeei, a eiee/anoai iooaieia eaaeaeie /a?ou – iaiaic?eii. I?eia?:
Aeeo?aoiinoue, Iooaiee: iaaeaioe/iinoue, oi/iinoue, /enoiieioiinoue,
iiaeoyiooinoue, ioieooaeueiinoue.
Ia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea ieacuaatho aeeyiea ia oieueei ee/iinoiua
ea/anoaa, iniaaiiinoe ea/anoa, ii e aiaoiyy n?aaea. Aiey – niciaoaeueiia
?aaoee?iaaiea /aeiaaeii naiaai iiaaaeaiey. Iiiaea ee/iinoiua ea/anoaa,
i?enouea /aeiaaeo, iiaoo ia noaoue /a?oaie oa?aeoa?a, ii yoe ea/anoaa
iiaoo iaeoe naia au?aaeaiea a oa?aeoa?a /aeiaaea. Oa?aeoa? /aeiaaea –
iaa?iaeaeaiiia ea/anoai, ii ia/eiaao ioi?ieyoueny n ?iaeaeaieai ia
i?ioyaeaiee anae aeecie. Oa ni/aoaiey ee/iinoiuo /a?o, eioi?ua aoiaeyo a
oa?aeoa?, ia yaeythony neo/aeiuie, iie ii?aaeaeytho /aoei ?acee/eiua
oeiu ethaeae.
Noaia au?iaeaeaiey ioaeaeueiuo naienoa, /a?o oa?aeoa?a.
Naienoaa neeueiiai oa?aeoa?a: i?e?iaeiuo oaeaio, aiey. *a?ou: yaieci,
aeanoiethaea.
O?aaiaaiea, /a?oa – aeanoieinoue
Aeaeiaeoinoue – aeaey/anoai
Eeaea?noai – aeanoiinoue, aeaniioeci
I?eioeeieaeueiinoue – ee/iua aiaeoeee
Neaaue oa?aeoa?:
Ene?aiiinoue – ianoue
Ioe?iaaiiinoue – iiaeoaeeinoai.
E?iia oiai iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue, /oi ia o anao ethaeae iinooiee
ii?aaeaeythony naienoaaiiuie ee/iuie iniaaiiinoyie. Iinooiee iaeioi?uo
ethaeae ii?aaeaeythony aiaoieie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. Oaeea ethaee
iacuaathony aanoa?aeoa?iuie. O ieo ionoonoaoao aiey. Aiey yaeyaony
noa?aeiai oa?aeoa?a.
Aeaaiui e?eoa?eai oa?aeoa?a yaeyaony oaeaea i?eau/ea. *oiau ociaoue
oa?aeoa? /aeiaaea, iaaei i?eniio?aoueny e aai i?eau/eai, eae e niiniaai
iiaaaeaiey a oeie/iuo neooaoeeyo. Ca i?eau/eaie noiyo iniiaiua
oa?aeoa?ieiae/aneea /a?ou.
Oa?aeoa? – yoi ia a?iaeaeaiiia ea/anoai, a ii oi?ie?oaony ia
i?ioyaeaiee anae aeecie. Ia iaai aeeyao yiioa, aeeciaiiue iooue
/aeiaaea.
Oaiia?aiaio e oa?aeoa? oanii acaeiinaycaiu ae?oa n ae?oaii. Oaiia?aiaio
– yoi oi?ia. Niaea?aeaiea yaeyaony oa?aeoa?ii.
Aeeyiea oaiia?aiaioa ia oa?aeoa? caaeneo io au?aaeaiiinoe aaciaiai
ineoe/aneiai naienoaa.
Ii ia oieueei oaiia?aiaio aeeyao ia oa?aeoa?, a naith i/a?aaeue
oa?aeoa? ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia oaiia?aiaio:
Iiae aeeyieai oa?aeoa?a /aeiaae iai?aaeaiii ?aaoee?oao i?iyaeaiey
ioaeaeueiuo naienoa oaiia?aiaioa. Iiae aeeyieai a?aiaie yoi naienoai
iiaeao eciaiyoueny.
Iiaeii ianee?iaaoue naie enoeiiue oaiia?aiaio.
Aeeiaieea iiaaaeaiey caaeneo ia io oaiia?aiaioa, a io iioeaia e
ioiioaiee ee/iinoe a ii?aaeaeaiiuo neooaoeeyo. Iaeaieaa y?ei
acaeiiaeeyiea oaiia?aiaioa e oa?aeoa?a i?iyaeyaony a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii
noeea iiaaaeaiey.
Iiae noeeai iiaaaeaiey iiieiaaony ni/aoaiea niiniaia e i?eaiia, n
iiiiuueth eioi?uo inouanoaeyaony eiie?aoiay aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue noeeue i?iyaeyaony oaeaea e a i?ioeannao iuoeaiey.
Aaaeii a i?ioeanna iauaiey n eieeaeoeaii ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea.
Niaieoiiinoue ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia ineoe/aneeo ninoiyiee ia?acoao
oeaeinoiia ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea – iano?iaiea (aeaeu: ?aaeinoiia,
a?onoiia, aiae?ia, iiaeaaeaiiia, ieeaeia). Iniaaiiinoe iano?iaiey:
– iiey?iinoue (ia?aoiae iano?iaiey ec iaeiiai a ae?oaia ninoiyiea
(aicaoaeaeaiea, oi?iiaeaiea, aiae?ia, iiaeaaeaiiia))
– eciai/eainoue (eciaiythony ioaeaeueiua ineoe/aneea ninoiyiey)
– ioiineoaeueiay onoie/eainoue (ineo. ninoiyiea iaiyaony ia n?aco)
– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia naiaia?acea (iaoneiaeaii oaiia?aiaioii,
iai?aaeaiiinoueth ee/iinoe)
– aiaoiyy au?aaeaiiinoue (ieieea, iica, oeaao eeoea)
– a?oiiiaia iano?iaiea
Iano?iaiea iaeiiai /aeiaaea a a?oiia iiaeao aeeyoue ia oeaeoth a?oiio.
I/aiue aaaeii aiaeece?iaaoue a?oiiiaia iano?iaiea. Aeai?eoi aiaeeca:
1. Auynieoue iauaa iano?iaiea (au?aaeaiea aeac, ?acaiai?u);
2. Ii?aaeaeeoue aeiieie?othuaa ninoiyiea;
3. Onoaiiaeoue aai i?e/eio (ninoiyiey)
4. Onoaiiaeoue aai neeo aeeyiey;
5. Iaeoe niinia eni?aaeoue neooaoeeth.
Eaeoeey 13.
Yiioeee e /oanoaa.
Yiioeee – yoi iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ioia?aaeaiea ia?aaeeaaiee neiaeeaoeony
ianoiyoaeuenoa. I?iyaeyaony n iiiiuueth iaaa?aaeueiiai ycuea. Au?aaeaiey
auaatho aiaoiea e aioo?aiiea (eciaiaiea ninoaaa e?iae, aeaaeaiea).
Yiioeee iiaoo auoue iaiai/eau. Yiioeee iiaoo auoue iieiaeeoaeueiuie e
io?eoeaoaeueiuie. Caaeneo io iaiaia eioi?iaoeee. *ai iaiueoa
eioi?iaoeee, oai yiioeee io?eoeaoaeueiaa. Aeeyao e eoeueoo?iue o?iaaiue
/aeiaaea, e aic?ano. *ai auoa o?iaaiue oinoaaiiiai ?acaeoey, oai iaiueoa
yiioeee. *oanoaa iinyo i?aaeiaoiue oa?aeoa? e iau/ii naycuaathony n
i?aaenoaaeaieai eee eaeaae i iaeioi?ii iauaeoa.
Yiioeee eiatho aunieia cia/aiea a iauaiee o.e. ethaia iauaiea
yiioeeiiaeueii ie?aoaii. Eaaeaeay yiioeey eiaao naith
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue. Iaiaoiaeeiay eioi?iaoeey – eiathuayny = 0 –
iieiaeeoaeueiay yiioeee. IE > EE – io?eoeaoaeueiua yiioeee.
Yiioeee i?iyaeythony ai a iaaa?aaeueiii (aanneiaaniii) iauaiee (iica,
ieieea). Iniaaiiinoe aanneiaaniiai iauaiey: eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiinoue,
/anoiinoue, aanniciaoaeueiinoue.
Iiiiuue e onoaiiaeaieth eiioaeoia e auoiaea ec ieo (aeanou, aeaeaeaiea e
au?aaeaiea aeac). Ethaee iiaoo auoue eeanneoeoee?iaaiu ia 3 a?oiiu ii
aini?eyoeth e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee (iiaeaeueiinoue):
1. Aecoaeueiay iiaeaeueiinoue;
2. Aoaeeaeueiay (/aeiaae aeieaeai oneuoaoue eioi?iaoeeth)
3. Eeianoaoe/aneay (ii/oanoaiaaoue eioi?iaoeeth)
Aooaeou – iniai au?aaeaiiia yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea, nii?iaiaeaeaaiia
aeaeeiuie eciaiaieyie iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea. Iie i?aiyonoaotho ii?iaeueiie
i?eaioaoeee iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea e inoaaeytho aeoaieea neaaeu a
aeieaia?aiaiiie iaiyoe /aeiaaea.
Iau/ii yiioeee e /oanoaa naycaiu n e?aoeia?aiaiiie iaiyoueth.
Neaaenoaeai aooaeoa yaeyaony no?ann.
No?ann.
No?ann cae?aieyaony a oaiia?aiaioa. Ii nio?aiyaony ia anth aeeciue e
i?iyaeyaony a 3-o oi?iao:
– aa?anneaii-iai?iieoaeueiay;
– iaie/anee-iai?iieoaeueiay;
-ianneaii-iai?iieoaeueiay.
O?aioeocneee o/aiue Naeuea ii?aaeaeee ia/aei no?anna. Yoaiu neiae?iia
aaeaioaoeee:
– ?aaeoeey o?aaiae (iuouaiea iaiiiyoiiai, niooiiai aaniieienoaa);
– Nii?ioeaeaiea;
– Enoiuaiea.
Ia?aiue n?ua, nia?oue.
I?e/eiu no?anna:
– o?iaaiue aooaeoiuo naycae;
– o?iaaiue o/aau;
– i?ioanneiiaeueiue o?iaaiue;
– iianaaeiaaiay aeeciue;
– o?iaaiue caei?iauey;
– o?iaaiue ee/iuo onoaiiaie;
– caei?iauea.
No?anniaay onoie/eainoue – niiniaiinoue i?ioeainoiyoue neeueiui
io?eoeaoaeueiui yiioeeiiaeueiui aicaeaenoaeyi. No?anniaay onoie/eainoue
yaeyaony i?iyaeaieai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae /aeiaaea. Iaeaieaa
onoie/eau naiaaeieee, iaiaa – iaeaioieeee.
No?aoaaey ai?ueau ni no?annii:
– ?aoeeiiaeueii ?anoiaeiaaoue naia a?aiy, yia?aeth;
– eciaieoue naia ioiioaiea e ethaeyi (oiaoue iaeaaeeoue nayce; aieoe a
iieiaeaiea ae?oaiai /aeiaaea; oiaiea neacaoue iao);
– eciaieoue naith oi/eo c?aiey (eneonnoai iacuaaoue aaue ae?oaeie
eiaiaie);
– iaoiae eoie?iaaiey;
– oe?aieaiea nee (ca?yaeea);
– ?anneaaeaiea, iaaeeoaoeey.
Eioaeeaeo.
Iiaeoiaeu e ?acaeoeth eioaeeaeoa:
– aeai i?e?iaeie io ?iaeaeaiey;
– nei?inoue aini?eyoey aiaoiae n?aaeu;
– niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea aaeaioe?iaaoueny e ie?oaeathuae n?aaea.
Ii Oa?noioio, 7 niiniaiinoae aaeaioaoeee /aeiaaea e aiaoiae n?aaea:
– n/aoiay;
– aa?aaeueiay aeaeinoue (caiiieiaiea caiana neia);
– aa?aaeueiia aini?eyoea (niiniaiinoue e ycueai);
– i?ino?ainoaaiiay i?eaioaoeey;
– iaiyoue;
– niiniaiinoue e ?annoaeaeaieth;
– auno?ioa aini?eyoey.
Iiaeoiae Aeeaa?oa. 120 oaeoi?ia eioaeeaeoa. Auaeaeyao o?iaie eioaeeaeoa:
– eiie?aoiue. Yoio o?iaaiue iiiiaaao /aeiaaeo ?aoaoue iianaaeiaaiua
i?iaeaiu e i?eaioe?iaaoueny n ?acee/iuie acaeiiioiioaieyie iaaeaeo
ethaeueie e i?aaeiaoaie (iaauee, ciaiey, eioi?iaoeey). Oaeeo ethaeae
iacuaatho ioae?uie;
– aano?aeoiue. Ethaee i?eaioe?othony neiaaie e iiiyoeyie;
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia eioaeeaeo:
– aaiaoe/anee a?iaeaeaiiua (ianeaaenoaaiiay eioi?iaoeey);
– ae?oaea a?iaeaeaiiua;
– ieoaiea;
– ineoe/aneea noeioeyoeee;
– /enei aeaoae a naiuea;
– nioeeaeueiia iieiaeaiea.
Eioaeeaeo i?iaa?yaony n iiiiuueth IQ oanoa (max – 150, ii?iaeueii – 84
-116). Ia?aua oanou auee ?ac?aaioaiu a 1912 a o/aiui Ooa?iii. Iniiaiua
o?aaiaaiey e oanoai: aaeeaeiinoue, noaiaea?oecaoeey, iaaeaaeiinoue,
ii?iaeecaoeey.
Iuoeaiea auaaao Eiiaa?aaioiui (euoo ?aoaiey, e n/eoatho oieueei aai
i?aaeeueiui. Euoo n iiiiuueth eiae/aneiai noaeaeaiey), e Aeeaa?aaioiui
(euoo ?aoaiea ai anao iaeanoyo). Oai?/aneia iuoeaiea – aeeaa?aaioii. Iii
ieanoe/ii, iiaeaeaeii, i?eaeiaeueii.
Iniiaiua /a?ou oai?/aneiai /aeiaaea:
– n o?oaeii aoiaeyo a nioeeaeueioth a?oiio;
– iie iiioey?iu n?aaee ie?oaeathueo, eiatho nianoaaiiia iiaiea;
– o ieo iaiiaeyaony aini?eyoea ie?a;
– yeeaeoe/iu (iauaaeeiyao ana ciaiey aeaie);
– ethaiciaoaeueiu e ia/oaoaeueiu.
Eaeoeey 14.
ss – eiioeaioeey
Oeiu caueou i?e ?acee/iuo aeaeao naiiioeaiee.
?ieue Eiaeeaeae
Ee/iinoue *aeiaae *aeiaae eae i?aaieci
*aeiaae eae “ss” *aeiaae eae oece/aneia oaei
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue
Eiaeeaeae – yoi iioaioeeaeueiue /aeiaae, yoi aaeeie/iia i?e?iaeiia
nouanoai. Aai naienoaa: ?ino, aan, aiein, ii/a?e, iioiaeea, ieieea,
aeanou. E?iia oiai, ii iaeaaeaao oaeeie naienoaaie, eioi?ua ioee/atho
aai io ae?oaeo, e a ?aciuo nioeeaeueiuo oneiaeyo iie iiaoo i?iyaeyoueny
ii-?aciiio.
Ee/iinoue – yoi iniaua ea/anoaa, i?eia?aoaaiua eiaeeaeaeii a iauanoaa.
Iia iiaeao auoue iienaia oieueei a nenoaia ioiioaiee, eioi?ay
neeaaeuaaaony iaaeaeo ethaeueie. Ec enoi?ee: ee/iinoue – yoi “ee/eia”,
aieaa iaeoiaeii a A?aoeee – ee/iinoue – yoi ianea, eioi?ay iaaeaaaeanue
aeoa?aie ai a?aiy aunooieaiee.
?ieue – yoi iaiaoiaeeiay, ii iaaeinoaoi/iay oa?aeoa?enoeea ee/iinoe.
?ieue – yoi oa?aeoa?enoeea iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea. ?iee iiaoo i?eieiaoueny
/enoi oi?iaeueii.
O eaaeaeiai ec ian anoue naie iaiiaoi?eiue “ss”-ia?ac, ia iniiaa
eioi?iai ii no?ieo acaeiiioiioaiey. Eaaeaeue oi/ao, /oiau aai iiieiaee,
ii ia eaaeaeue – /oiau aai ociaee.
O?e noi?iiu “ss”-ia?aca:
1) I?aaenoaaeaiea /aeiaaea i aai aiaoiinoe, niiniaiinoyo, oiaiee e nioe.
Cia/eiinoe, o.a. ?acoeueoao iiciaaaaiiai i?ioeanna /aeiaaea;
2) Yiioeeiiaeueiay, o.a. iaee/ea (ionoonoaea) naiie?eoe/iinoe,
naiioaaaeaiey, naayethaey e naiioie/eaeaiey;
3) Aieaaia ia/aei, o.a. no?aieaiea caaiaaaoue neiiaoeth, oaaaeaiea,
nio?aieoue naie noaoon eee inoaoueny a oaie (aieaaay noi?iia iiaeao
auoue aeoeaiie eee ianneaiie).
“ss” – eiioeaioeey. Aunooiaao eoiaii iiciaiey e ioeaiee naay /a?ac
ioaeaeueiua “ss”-ia?acu a oneiaeyo ?acee/iiai iaiieiaiey nenoaiu
“ss”-ae?oaea.
No?oeoo?a “ss”-eiioeaioeee (“ss”-ia?ac):
“ss” ?aaeueiia
“ss” eaeaaeueiia
“ss” eiino?oeoeaiia
“ss” ca?eaeueiia
Yoe “ss” i?iyaeythony a 4-o iiaeaeueiinoyo:
“ss” oece/aneia (?ino, oeao?a e o.ae.)
“ss” yiioeeiiaeueiia
“ss” oinoaaiiia (2 e 3 – “ss” aeooiaiia (ia neieueei y aeiaieai
niaie))
“ss” nioeeaeueiia
“ss” ?aaeueiia – yoi “ss” ianoiyuaa, eioi?ia yaeyaony neioacii
onoaiiaie, naiiaini?eyoey e naiiioiioaiey. Yoio yeaiaio io?aaeaao ia?o
i?eiyoey naay a ianoiyuai. Yoi noaiaiue naiioaaaeaiey eee iaoaaaeaiey e
naay. Eaaeaeay onoaiiaea aeeth/aao o?e aniaeoa ioiioaiey:
yiioeeiiaeueiue, iiaaaeai/aneee, iiciaaaoaeueiue. E iie neioace?othony a
oeacaiiuo ia noaia 4-o iiaeaeueiinoyo naiiioeaiee. Oece/aneia: ?ino,
oeao?a, etc. Aeooiaiia: ia neieueei y aeiaieai niaie. Nioeeaeueiia:
ioiioaiea e naaa n o.c. ianoa a nenoaia iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee e
iiiaeanoaa ?ieae, eioi?ua iu auiieiyai. Nioeeaeueiia “ss” a ?aaeueiii
“ss” ii?aaeaeyao ia?o i?eiyoey naay /a?ac ?iee, noauaeoii eioi?uo
yaeyaony ee/iinoue.
“ss” eaeaaeueiia oi?ie?oaony eae iaeioi?ay niaieoiiinoue ea/anoa e
oa?aeoa?enoee, eioi?ua au eiaeeaeae oioae au aeaeaoue o naay eee ?ieae,
eioi?ua ii oioae au eniieiyoue, i?e/ai yoi iiaeao auoue oieueei ia/oie.
Yoe aea onoaiiaee “ss”-eaeaaeueiia oi?ie?oao ii oai aea iiaeaeueiinoyi,
/oi e “ss”-?aaeueiia. I?e/ai i?ioeai?a/ey iaaeaeo “ss”-?aaeueiui e
“ss”-eaeaaeueiui ninoaaeyao iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo oneiaee naii?acaeoey
ee/iinoe. “ss”-eaeaaeueiia iiaeao iiaeiaiyoue “ss”-?aaeueiia, e oiaaea
/aeiaae aeeaao eeethceae naiiethaiaaiey. A ae?oaeo neo/ayo
“ss”-eaeaaeueiia iiaeieiaao iiae naay “ss”-?aaeueiia e oiaaea aeeciue
/aeiaaea i?ioaeaao a ninoiyiee “aaaeeiai ooaiea”.
Iniaoth ?ieue ea?aao “ss”-eiino?oeoeaiia. A iai o?ainoi?ie?othony oa
yeaiaiou “ss”-eaeaaeueiiai, eioi?ua ee/iinoue i?eieiaao e noaaeo aeey
naay, eae aeinoeaaaioth ?aaeueiinoue.
“ss”-ca?eaeueiia – yoi ia?ac “ss”, eioi?ue oi?ie?oaony a ian aeacaie
ae?oaeo. Iii auiieiyao aaaeioth ooieoeeth naiiei??aeoeee anao iaoeo
i?eoycaiee e i?aaenoaaeaiee /aeiaaea i naaa. Aeey naiie?eoe/iiai
/aeiaaea – yoio iaoaieci iiiiaaao oaea?aeaoue “ss”-?aaeueiia a
aaeaeaaoiuo i?aaeaeao e inoaoueny ioe?uoui iiaiio iiuoo.
?anniio?aiiua onoaiiaee oi?ie?otho naiiioeaieo /aeiaaea: iaaaeaeaaoii
caauoaiiay eee iaaaeaeaaoii caieaeaiiay iiaeao noaoue enoi/ieeii
aioo?aiiaai eiioeeeoa ee/iinoe. Noaoenoeea iieacuaaao, /oi aieueoeinoai
ethaeae eiatho caauoaiioth naiiioeaieo.
Naiiioeaiea yaeyaony aacie naiioaaaeaiey, a naiioaaaeaiea yaeyaony
iaeiei ec iniiaiuo enoi/ieeia ineoieiae/aneie onoie/eainoe ee/iinoe
(ineoicaueoa).
Ineoicaueoa – yoi i?eai, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai o?aeooaony iieiaeaiea
aauae n auaiaeie aeey naay iiceoeee aeey nio?aiaiey naiaai aeinoieinoaa.
Ineoicaueoa /anoi eneaaeaao eioi?iaoeeth.
Naiiioeaiea:
aunieay
ieceay
i?eaeeaeaaony e ii?iaeueiie
Yoa nenoaia naiiioeaiie yaeyaony naiaia?aciui ?aaoeyoi?ii ai
acaeiiioiioaieyo n ethaeueie.
Nioeeaeueiay ioeaiea aaeaeaaoia ee/iinoiie ioeaiea. Nioeeaeueiay ioeaiea
auoa ee/iinoiie (ia?a oniaoa). Nioeeaeueiay ieaea ee/iinoiie (ia?a
iaoaea/).
Iaaaeaeaaoiinoue ioeaiee aicieeaao, eae eioaa?aeueiue ?acoeueoao
oianeaaeiaaiiiai oeia aunoae ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e?iaeiuo
caaeaoeia, niiniaiinoyi; ainieoaieai e aicaeaenoaeai n?aaeu.
Naiiioeaiea ?aaeeciauaaaony a o?iaia i?eoycaiee a naiiiiaea/a.
Nouanoaotho aeaa iaoaiecia aeey nio?aiaiey naiioaaaeaiey:
Ee/iinoiue ?ano?n – aioiaiinoue /aeiaaea eciaieoue neiaeeaoaany
i?aaenoaaeaiea i naaa, ii?iaeueiia aini?eyoea iaoaea/ (yoi ia?a
ioaeanoaa ciaoue i?aaaeo i naaa)..
Ineoieiae/aneay caueoa – yoi nioeeaeueiay niaoeeaeueiay ?aaoeyoeaiay
nenoaia noaaeeecaoeee ee/iinoe, iai?aaeaiiay ia ono?aiaiea eee naaaeaiey
aei ieieioia /oanoaa o?aaiae, naycaiiiai n iniciaieai eiioeeeoa. Anee
naiiioeaiea aaeaeaaoia, oaeea ethaee iaeiioeeeoiu, iie aeiaieueiu
aeeciueth e ie?oaeathueie, /oaeea oniaoe e naie iaoaea/e aini?eieiathony
eie ii?iaeueii. Iie ia caaenoeeau.
O?iaaiue i?eoycaiey ee/iinoe aieueoa aiciiaeiinoae /aeiaaea – o /aeiaaea
ia oaaoaao ?ano?nia. Ii iie?aaony a aeecie ia naia eaeaaeece?iaaiiia
aiia?aaeaiea i naaa. Aei?iaeeo e aea?aeeony ca naia eaeaaeueiia ss.
Nenoaia ineoicaueou aeey caauoaiiie naiiioeaiee:
– eneaaeaiiia aeaeaiea naay. ss aieueoie, cia/eiue, inoaeueiua ana
iaeaiueeea.
– a?iaeaeaiiinoue e iiiiiaioo;
– eiaeiua ia?acu neooaoeee;
– eiina?aaoeci. ss i?aa;
– iaaeiaa?ea e /oaeei noaeaeaieyi.
Iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea n caauoaiiie naiiioeaieie.
– iiae/a?eeaaao naie aeinoieinoaa (aeaaea a inei?aeoaeueiie oi?ia);
– aaoi?ecaoeey a iiaaaeaiee;
– yiaineiaoeey io n?aaeu;
– ?aaiinoue, caaenoue e ae?oaei;
– i?iaioee?oao /?acia?ioth iaeae/eainoue (ethaia ii?iaeueiia caia/aiea
i?iaioee?oao iaeaeo).
Ioeaiea neooaoeee.
– iaaeiioeaiea neiaeiinoe neooaoeee;
– ia?aioeaiea naieo aiciiaeiinoae, naiaai aeeyiey ia neooaoeeth;
– ana ethaee – caaenoieee.
– niia?ie/anoai;
– aucuaaoue o i?ioeaieea no?ao, /oanoai aeiu.
Noaaiaoeey ee/iinoe ia/eiaaony n caauoaiiie naiiioeaiee.
*aeiaae n caieaeaiiie naiiioeaieie.
O?iaaiue i?eoycaiee iecie. *aeiaae n/eoaao naay iaeaiueeei, neaaaa
ae?oaeo. Naay ia ethaeo e ia oaaaeaao. Aunieay iieoaeueiinoue, no?ao
ioeaee. Ineoicaueoa – eneaaeaiiia aeaeaiea naay (/?acia?ii iaeaiueeee).
Eiaeiua ia?acu – iiaeua?uaaiea iiiiiaioo. Naiiioiioaiea – iiceoeey
oaeaea, oanoa?ie. Iiiuoea eiiiaine?iaaoue /oaeia iiaiea naiienoycaieai.
Iaiioeae?iaaiiua aniuoee aiaaa, iiaeaaeaiea naiaai iaeaiueeiai ss /a?ac
iaiaaeee. Eneaaeaiiia aeaeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Oaeoeea /aeiaaea n caieaeaiiie naiiioeaieie.
– i?eaiu, iniiaaiiua ia aeaeinoe e naaa.
– naiioie/eaeaiea.
Naiiiiaea/a ee/iinoe.
Anyeee /aeiaae caeioa?aniaai ai aia/aoeaiee, i?iecaiaeeiii ei ia
ie?oaeathueo, iaeioi?ua oaeou iiaaaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iiaeaea?aeaiea
eieaeaea.
Naiiiiaea/a
Oaeaaeathuay
Iai?aaeaia ia oi, /oiau aunoaaeoue naay a aeaaii?eyoiii naaoa,
iiaeno?aeaaynue iiae aoaeeoi?eth, a iaaeaaeaea iieo/eoue
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea Naiieiio?iee?othuay
Iai?aaeaia ia iiaeaea?aeaiea e oe?aieaiea naiaai eaeaaeueiiai ss, e
auoaeaao ec aeaeaiey i?iecaanoe aia/aoeaiea ia ae?oaeo ea/anoaaie,
eioi?ua aoiaeyo a eaeaaeueiua i?aaenoaaeaiey.
Iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea iaiyaony.
Naiiiiaea/a oanii naycaia n oaeei iiiyoeai eae eieaeae. Ii neeaaeuaaaony
iiae aeeyieai iinooieia /aeiaaea, aiaoiaai aeaea, auneacuaaiee,
iaia?aie, yiioeeiiaeueiie ie?aneie. Yoi onoie/eaia aia/aoeaiea i
/aeiaaea, ii ii ia yaeyaony no?iai caaeaiiui. Ii iiaeao iaiyoueny e
ei??aeoe?iaaoueny, ii anaaaea ianao a naaa yiioeeiiaeueioth ie?aneo.
Eieaeae iiaeao auoue i?eieiaaiue e iai?eieiaaiue.
I?eieiaaiue eieaeae:
– eniieueciaaiea nioeeaeueii iaeia?yaiuo ii?i iiaaaeaiey.
– iinoiyiiay ?aaioa iaae niaie.
3 o?iaiy aini?eieiaaiiai eieaeaea:
1. aeieiae/aneee: iie, aic?ano, caei?iauea, oece/aneea aeaiiua;
2. ineoieiae/aneee: /a?ou oa?aeoa?a, niiniaiinoe, ieieea, iioeau,
eioa?anu;
3. nioeeaeueiue: neooe, nieaoie, eaaaiaeu.
?aaioa iaae eieaeaeai, 2 yoaia
1. *oi ?acae?aaeaao a aan, /oi i?eaeaeaao;
2. iuoaoueny naeaaeeoue naay, ono?aiaiea ?acae?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia e
iiene i?eaeaeathueo. Aeey caacaeu iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue eaaaiaeo.
Iniiaiua yeaiaiou n/eouaaaiie eioi?iaoeee i?e ia?aie ano?a/a:
– ?ino;
– iauai;
– oa?aeoa? iaeaaeaeu;
– iica;
– eeoei;
– oaiia?aiaio;
– yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea.
ii Eyooaee
Ne?uoay oeaea
1. Ne?uoiinoue
2. Iaiaa niia?aceoaeueiue, iiaeaa?aeai yiioeeyi
3. Na?ueaciue
4. Iiae/eiaiiue
5. Iieaaathueeny ia neo/ae
6. Canoai/eaue
7. Oaa?aeue
8. Aeiaa?/eaue
9. I?aeoe/iue
10. I?yiie
11. Naiioaa?aiiue
12. Eiina?aaoeaiue
13. Noaaeiue
14. Iaeiio?iee?oaiue Ioe?uoay oeaea
1. Ioe?uoinoue
2. Aieaa niia?aceoaeueiue
3. Aania/iue
4. Aeiieie?othuee
5. Aeia?iniaanoiue
6. Aea?ceee
7. *oanoaeoaeueiue
8. Iaaeiaa?/eaue
9. ?iiaioe/iue
10. Oeo?ue
11. Aieaciaiiue
12. Aaaioth?iue
13. iacaaeneiue
14. Eiio?iee?oaiue
Iaayiea
Oa?aeoa?enoeee iaayoaeueiiai /aeiaaea:
1. I?ioanneiiaeeci, eiiiaoaioiinoue, y?oaeeoeey
2. Ino?ioiea, /oanoai thii?a
3. Niiniaiinoue e ineoieiae/aneiio ca?aaeaieth
4. Iacaaeneiinoue
5. Oiaiea aanoe iieaieeo
6. Ineoieiae/aneay caueuaiiinoue
7. Iai?aeeia?iay aiaoiinoue
Ea/anoaa, iiiiaathuea nicaeaoue iaayoaeueiue eieaeae
1. I?e?iaeiua
1. Eiiioieeaaaeueiinoue
2. Yiiaoe/iinoue
3. ?aoeaeoeaiinoue
4. E?anii?a/eainoue 2. Neaaenoaey ainieoaiey
1. Ineo. caei?iauea
2. I?aanoaaiiua oeaiiinoe
3. *aeiaa/aneea oaoiieiaee
3. AEeciaiiue e i?ioanneiiaeueiue iiuo
Oi?iu iauaiey
– Niia?ie/anoai;
– Nio?oaeie/anoai;
– Aeiee?iaea.
Onoaiiaee a ia?auaiee
– ?aniieiaeaiea e aeiaa?ea;
– iai?eyciue;
– ?aaiiaeooea.
oi?ioee
Ii ieioie
ieeaeie
Oi?io iauaiey ?aaoee?oao yoeeao.
Ia?aae oai, eae ia/aoue iauaiea, iaaei caaeaoue naaa 7 aii?inia:
– /oi y oi/o neacaoue;
– eoi y, /oiau iauaoueny;
– aaea neacaoue;
– /ai iieueciaaoueny (aeanou, ieieea);
– ii/aio y ?aoeeny ia yoi;
– eae iiaeaaony eioi?iaoeey;
– eiaaea iauaoueny.
Ee/iinoiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ii?aaeaeytho iiaaaeaiea.
O eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea anoue naie i?eaiu iauaiey. Niaieoiiinoue i?eaiia
nicaeaao eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue oei iauaiey.
1. ?eooaeueiia (aeanoei ia?aie/aiiia nioeeaeueiie neooaoeeae), aeaeiaia
iauaiea – ?eooaeueiia.
I?e ia?aaiai?ao ?eooaeueiia iauaiea iiiiaaao ecaaaeaoue eiioeeeoiuo
neooaoeee e iaaeiiiieiaiee.
2. Eaeaioeoeeaoeey naay ni cia/eiui ae?oaei.
3. Ee/iia oai?/anoai.
2 o?iaiy aeaeiaiai iauaiey.
1. Naii aeaei. Oeaeue – oaeiaeaoai?eoue eioa?anu noi?ii. (iniciaiiia).
2. I?ioeaaeo?a: oeaeue – ono?aieoue nii?iua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo noi?iiaie.
( eiiaaea iainiciaiii).
Oniao iauaiey ia 1-i o?iaia caaeneo io i?ioanneiiaeueiie eiiiaoaioeee.
Ia 2-i o?iaia – io aaeaeaaoiinoe oaeoeee iiaaaeaiey, oiaeiai
i?ioeainoiyiey ineo. aeaaeaiey ia?oia?a, oiaiey iineaaeiaaoaeueii
i?iaiaeeoue naith aua?aiioth no?aoaaeth.
Iiaaaeaiea.
Niaieoiiinoue oiaiee /aeiaaea aeey aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiie oeaee.
Iiaaaeaiea aeieaeii auoue iiae/eiaii oeaee. No?aoaaey oi?ie?oaony iiae
ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee e yaeyaony niiniaii aa aeinoeaeaiey.
No?aoaaey auae?aaony:
1. iiae ii?aaeaeaiioth oeaeue;
2. Aeieaeii aienuaaoueny a ee/iinoue.
Iaieioeyoi?. A aeecie -/aeiaae, iaieioee?othuee ethaeueie. Naiue
no?aoiue iaieioeyoi? – eioi?ue neaeeo ?yaeii. Ii niciaoaeueii i?eiaiyao
oeiaee aeey eiio?iee?iaaiey neooaoeee e aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae.
Aeooaeecaoi?. Ii i?eciaao naie ioeaee a niaianoiie oai?/aneie ?aaioa.
I?e/eiu iaieioeyoeee: eiioeeeo iaaeaeo niaie e aiaoiei ie?oaeaieai. ?ene
e ianoaaeeueiinoue canoaaeyao ian iaieioee?iaaoue
Iiaaaeaiea – naie i?eaiu aeaenoaey, niiniau, iai?aaeyaiua ia
aeinoeaeaiea oeaee, ?aaeecothony /a?ac niaieoiiinoue oaeoee.
Iaieioeyoeaiay no?aoaaey.
A iauaiee oeaeue – auiaieoue onooiee. Ee/iinoiua ea/anoaa
aini?eieiathony eae ?aeaaaioiua. Aani?eioeeiiinoue, i?ac?aiea e ii?aee,
yoe/aneei ii?iai, ionoonoaea yiiaoee.
Iauea oa?aeoa?enoeee oaeoe/aneiai ?aia?ooa?a
– Ca n/ao oaiaeaioeeiciie iiaea/e eioi?iaoeee, auiy/eaaiea oaeoi?a.
– Auoue euenoeaui, ae?aae/eaui, i?eaeaaaoue iinooieai ianaienoaaiiua ei
cia/aiey.
– Eniieueciaaoue ii?i/auea nieaoie;
– Iiaeeoi, eciaia.
Niiniau i?ioeainoiyoue iaieioeyoeeyi.
– anna?oeaiinoue (/aoei auaea?aeeaaoue no?aoaaeth);
– i?ioeainoiyoue neaceeaui (iyaei ieacuaaoue ioaaoiia aeaaeaiea n
thii?ii).
PAGE 37
Yoeea e ineoieiaey oi?aaeaiey Eaeoeee
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