NIAeA?AEAIEA
Aiiioaoeey
Aaaaeaiea
1. Eiaeaia?ii-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea
1.1 Aiaeec no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey e anni?oeiaioa auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
1.1.1 Iauea naaaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee e aai no?oeoo?a
1.1.2 Anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
1.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, nu?uey e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeia
1.2.1 Oa?aeoa?enoeea nu?uey
1.2.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee
1.2.3. Oa?aeoa?enoeea aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia
1.3 Iainiiaaiea ?aeiino?oeoeee
2. Oaoiieiae/aneay /anoue
2.1Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea oaoiieiaee noieiauo aaeuo aei
2.2 Nouanoaothuay oaoiieiaey ia i?aaei?eyoee
2.3 Oniaa?oainoaiaaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna
2.4 Iiaeai? oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
2.4.1 Ia?a?aaioea aeiia?aaea
2.4.2 I?iecaiaenoai auaea?aeaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia e ?iceea aeia
2.5 Aiia?aoo?ii – oaoiieiae/aneay noaia
2.6 I?iaeoeoiaua ?an/?ou
2.6.1 ?an/ao iniiaiuo i?iaeoeoia
2.6.2 ?an/ao aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia
2.7 I?aaiecaoeey OOIE iinea ?aeiino?oeoeee
3. Eiaeaia?ii-oaoiieiae/aneea ?an/?ou
3.1 ?an/ao oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
3.2 Yia?aaoe/aneea ?an/?ou
3.3 ?an/?o aiaeu, ia?a e oaieiaua ?an/?ou
4. Eiiiiiiaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeaoa
4.1 Ieaie?iaea e ?aciauaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
4.2 ?ac?acu i?iaeieueiua e iiia?a/iua
5. Ia?ii?eyoey ii io?aia o?oaea
5.1 I?aaiecaoeey io?aiu o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee
5.2 Ninoiyiea e aiaeec io?aiu o?oaea a AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue»
5.3 Eino?oeoeey ii io?aia o?oaea i?e noeueoeoaoeee aei
6. Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
6.1 Io?aia aoiinoa?u
6.2 Io?aia noi/iuo aiae
6.3 Ia?a?aaioea e ooeeecaoeey i?iaeoeoia aeiiaeaeey
7. Aiaeec oeiainiaie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iaeoa
Auaiaeu
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
AIIIOAOeEss
Cooue aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa caeeth/aaony a ?aeiino?oeoeee iiaeniaiuo
iiiauaiee aeicaaiaea AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» iiae ia?aaioeo, auaea?aeeo e
?iceea noieiaiai aaeiai nooiai auaea?aeaiiiai aeia.
Aeeieiiiue i?iaeo ninoieo ec a?aoe/aneie /anoe e iiynieoaeueiie caienee.
A?aoe/aneay /anoue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie /a?oaaee, auiieiaiiua ia 6 eenoao
oi?iaoa A1.
Iiynieoaeueiay caienea aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea ?acaeaeu:
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea i?iaeoa, oaoiieiae/aneoth /anoue,
eiaeaia?ioth /anoue, ?acaeae aaoiiaoecaoeee oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna,
no?ieoaeueioth /anoue, ?acaeae io?aiu o?oaea e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu,
aiaeec yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iaeoa.
A oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneii iainiiaaiee inaauathony oneiaey e i?aaeiinueee
ia i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie aaco aeey ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoa.
Oaoiieiae/aneay /anoue aeeth/aao a naay i?iaeoeoiaua ?an/aou iniiaiiai
nu?uey e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, noaio oaoiioeie/aneiai eiio?iey
i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea ?an/aou ?anoiaea iio?aaeyaiie yeaeo?iyia?aee,
oieiaea, aiaeu e noieia.
A eiaeaia?iie /anoe i?aaenoaaeai iiaeai? e ?an/ao oaoiieiae/aneiai
iai?oaeiaaiey, aieinoae e iienaiea aiia?aoo?ii-oaoiieiae/aneeo noai
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna.
No?ieoaeueiay /anoue iienuaaao eiino?oeoeaii-no?ieoaeueiua ?aoaiey,
i?eiyoua i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee oeaoa.
A ?acaeaea io?aiu o?oaea e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu o/oaiu iniiaiua aii?inu e
i?iaeaiu aaciianiinoe oneiaee ?aaiou ia i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea iienaia
yeieiae/aneay neooaoeey ia i?aaei?eyoee, ii?aaeaeaiu eeannu iianiinoe
iniiaiuo caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ia?ii?eyoey ii caueoa ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu io caa?yciaiee.
Aiaeec yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe yaeyaony caeeth/eoaeueiui ?acaeaeii
i?iaeoa e niaea?aeeo yeiiiie/aneea auaiaeu ii yooaeoeaiie ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoa.
THE SUMMARY
The degree project will consist of a graphic part and an explanatory
note. The graphic part represents the drawings executed on 8 sheets of
format A1. The explanatory note includes the following sections: the
feasibility report on the project, a technological part, an engineering
part, section of automation of technological process, a building part,
section of a labour safety and an environment, the analysis of economic
efficiency of the project.
In the feasibility report conditions and preconditions at the
enterprise, representing base for realization of the project are shined.
The technological part includes grocery calculations of the basic raw
material and auxiliary materials, the circuit oaoiioeie/aneiai the
control of manufacture, and also calculations of the charge of the
consumed electric power, a cold, water and drains.
In an engineering part selection and calculation of the process
equipment and capacities and the description of the hardware –
technological circuit of production is submitted.
In section of automation of technological process the description of the
circuit of automation of those stages of technological process which
demand it is given, selection of means of automation is made.
The building part describes the constructive – building decisions
accepted at designing of shop.
In section of a labour safety and an environment the basic questions and
problems of safety of operating conditions on manufacture are taken into
accountdiscounted, and also the ecological situation at the enterprise
is described, classes of danger of the basic polluting substances and
actions on protection of an environment against pollution are
determined.
The analysis of economic efficiency is final section of the project and
contains economic conclusions on realization of the project.
EAAEIAO IEIENO?IA OE?AEIU THAEIUE OEEEAE
«E?UINEEE AA?IOAOIIEIAE*ANEEE OIEAA?NEOAO»
IAOeEIIAEUeIIAI AA?A?IIAI OIEAA?NEOAOA
Oaoiieiae/aneee oaeoeueoao
Eaoaae?a aeiiaeaeey e oaoiieiaee a?iaeeeueiuo i?iecaiaenoa
Ooaa?aeaeath:
Caa eao., i?ioanni?
Oieueoe-Eoeeeia A.I.
«_____» ____________ 2006 a.
AeEIEIIIUE I?IAEO
I?iaeo ?aeiino?oeoeee oeaoa aeicaaiaea AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» ii
i?eaioiaeaieth noieiaiai aaeiai auaea?aeaiiiai aeia
OAAeI 26.0000.000 IC
Nooaeaio a?oiiu OAI 51-1
Ica?iaa TH.A.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?iaeoa: e.o.i., Aaaaeeia Y.E.
EIINOEUeOAIOU:
ii yeiiiieea, aeioeaio Ai?iiei A.A.
ii aaoiiaoecaoeee, aeioeaio Eo/eieei A.A.
ii no?ieoaeueiie /anoe, no.i?. Iaithoei A.I.
ii io?aia o?oaea, aeioeaio Ee?aeaiue A.I.
ii ?acaeaeo yeieiae/aneay ioeaiea, i?ioanni? Oeoeia A.A
Ii?iieiio?ieue, aeioeaio Eo/eieei A.A.
Neioa?iiieue-2006
AAAAeAIEA
Enneaaeiaaiea nia?aiaiiiai ninoiyiey ?uiea aeiiaeaeue/aneie i?iaeoeoeee
Oe?aeiu naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i cia/eoaeueiii oaaee/aiee anni?oeiaioa
ioa/anoaaiiuo aei. Yoi eanaaony e ia?i/iuo, e i?aeeia?iuo aei. Ii
iineieueeo o?aaeeoeeiiii ia?i/iua aeia ii iauaiai ia ii?yaeie onooiaee
i?aeeia?iui, yoa oaiaeaioeey nio?aiyaony. A Aa?iia, eae ecaanoii,
iniiaiay /anoue i?iaeoeoeee auaea?aeeaaaony a aeoaiaie oa?a, a iaoae
no?aia ai/ea anaaaea auea e iiea inoaaony a aieueoii aeaoeoeeoa.
A oi aea a?aiy oe?aeineee iio?aaeoaeue, niiniaiue eoieoue aeii, ana
aieueoa eioa?anoaony ea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeeae. E iiea ii ioaeaao
i?aaeii/oaiea naiei, o?aaeeoeeiiiui ia?eai, ianooieei a?aiy aeiiaeaeai
ii?aaioaoue iaae oeo/oaieai eo i?aaiieaioe/aneeo naienoa ca n/ao
e?aoeia?aiaiiie auaea?aeee a eiioaeoa n aeoaiaie eeaieie. Oaeie oei aeia
ia yaeyaony ia?i/iie i?iaeoeoeeae, i?aaeeueiae n/eoaoue aai i?aeeia?iui
«auaea?aeaiiui» aeiii aieaa aunieie nooiaie ea/anoaa. Yoio oei aei
iaaeaaii noae iiyaeyoueny ia i?eeaaeao iaaaceiia, e iaae aai nicaeaieai
iiaoo ii?aaioaoue aeiiaeaeu ethaiai i?aaei?eyoey, a oii /enea, e a A?
E?ui.
E?ui – ?aeii n aeaaieie aeiia?aaea?nei-aeiiaeaeue/aneeie o?aaeeoeeyie,
?acaeoie o?ainii?oiie eio?ano?oeoo?ie. Iniaaiiinoe aaia?aoe/aneiai
iieiaeaiey e cia/eoaeueiue i?e?ino ianaeaiey a eo?i?oiua naciiu
iaania/eaatho noaaeeueii aunieee ni?in ia e?uineea aeia. E niaeaeaieth
yoio ni?in ca/anooth oaeiaeaoai?yaony iioieii oaeueneoeoee?iaaiiuo
iaieoeia n yoeeaoeaie i?ineaaeaiiuo a?aiaeia, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
aoaeoaeueiiio iaaeiaa?eth e nieaeaieth ni?ina eee, /oi aua ooaea – e
iioa?a ioeaii/iuo e?eoa?eaa. I?aiyonoaeai e oaeueneoeeaoeee aeieaeiu
auoue aeia oeo/oaiiiai ea/anoaa, ni/aoathuea a naaa ni?oiaua iniaaiiinoe
n eaaeeie oiiaie auaea?aeee, ociaaaaiua, eiathuea naieo iio?aaeoaeae.
Noaeueneoeoee?iaaoue oaeea aeia i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii.
Aeaiiue aeeieiiiue i?iaeo i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?aeiino?oeoeeth iiaeniaiuo
iiiauaiee aeicaaiaea AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» Neioa?iiieueneiai ?aeiia n
oeaeueth i?iecaiaenoaa noieiaiai aaeiai nooiai auaea?aeaiiiai aeia ec
aeiia?aaea ni?oa Aeeaioa.
Aeicaaiae auioneaao ia?aaioaiiua aeiiiaoa?eaeu aeey ?iceeaa eo ia
caaiaeao aoi?e/iiai aeiiaeaeey. I?e oneiaee i?aaiecaoeee o/anoeia
auaea?aeee, ia?aaioee e ?iceeaa i?iaeoeoeee caaiae iieo/eo caaa?oaiiue
oaoiieiae/aneee oeeee e aeiiieieoaeueiua ?aai/ea ianoa.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey oeacaiiuo ?aaio iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe no?ieoaeuenoaa iiauo
iiiauaiee, iineieueeo ia oa??eoi?ee caaiaea aeinoaoi/ii iaeniieuecoaiuo
iiaeniaiuo oeaoia. E?iia oiai i?aaei?eyoea ?aniieaaaao aeinoaoi/iui
eiee/anoaii aeoaiaie oa?u aeey auaea?aeee aeiiiaoa?eaeia.
Ana yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ?aaeueiie aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee ia
aeicaaiaea i?iecaiaenoaa noieiaiai auaea?aeaiiiai aeia.
1. Eiaeaia?ii-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea
1.1 Aiaeec no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey e anni?oeiaioa auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
1.1.1 Iauea naaaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee e aai no?oeoo?a
Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiue eiiaeiao «Aeiia?aaeiue» ?aniieiaeai a thai-caiaaeiie
/anoe E?uineiai iieoino?iaa, ia 25-ii ei oinna Neioa?iiieue –
Ieeieaaaea, a 10 ei io ii?neiai iiaa?aaeuey. A ninoaaa Eiiaeiaoa o?e
ianaeaiiuo ioieoa, oeaio?aeueiie onaaeueaie yaeyaony naei Eieue/oaeii,
aaea ?aniieiaeai aeicaaiae.
I?iiuoeaiiua aeiia?aaeieee oicyenoaa auee caeiaeaiu n 1956 ii 1963 aiaeu
ia ieiuaaee 3 oun.aa, iaeiia?aiaiii aaeinue no?ieoaeuenoai naiiai
e?oiiiai a no?aia caaiaea ia?ae/iiai aeiiaeaeey iiuiinoueth ia?a?aaioee
30 oun.aa a nacii. Caaiae aue iniauai ia?aaeiaie ioa/anoaaiiie oaoieeie
n aaoiiaoecaoeeae iniiaiie /anoe oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia. Iiiaea
aeanyoeeaoey ia caaiaea eniuouaaeenue iineaaeiea oaoiieiae/aneea
aeinoeaeaiey io?anee, iiaua ni?oa e iai?oaeiaaiea.
Caaiae eiaao 12 eeiee ia?a?aaioee nu?uey, iiuiinoe aeey ?aaiou n iacaie
e noneii a ethaii oaoiieiae/aneii iai?aaeaiee, aeaa oeaoa ii ia?aaioea e
o?aiaieth aeiiiaoa?eaeia iauae aianoeiinoueth 2 iei. aeae, oeao
aeenoeeeyoeee n aeaoiy eieiiiaie aeey aueo?ee nie?oa eiiuey/iiai e
nu?oea, oeao auaea?aeee eiiuey/iuo nie?oia a ai/eao. I?aaei?eyoea
?aniieaaaao ?aca?aii aeoaiauo ai/ae.
Ia caaiaea eiathony neaaeothuea aniiiiaaoaeueiua o/anoee: iaoaie/aneea
ianoa?neea, oieiaeeeueiay eiii?anni?iay, eioaeueiay, nie?oio?aieeeua,
aeaa aaniaua aeey acaaoeaaiey a?ocia, aa?aaee, o?ainoi?iaoi?iay
iiaenoaioeey, neeaae iaoa?eaeia.
Ioa?ocea i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee i?iaiaeeony aaoi- e
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiui o?ainii?oii. AEaeaciiaei?iaeiay noaioeey oicyenoaa
«Aeooiiay» iaoiaeeony a a.Neioa?iiiea, a 27-ie ei io caaiaea.
Niaaaeaiea caaiaea ia?ii i?iecaiaeeony io eioaeueiie, a eioi?ie
onoaiiaeaiu 2 eioea ia?ee AeEA?-6 e iaeei eioae ia?ee AeEA?-4,5 n iauae
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 16,5 o// ia?a.
Aiaeiniaaaeaiea i?ienoiaeeo ec 2-o iauaoicyenoaaiiuo a?oaceaineeo
neaaaeei, /oi iieiinoueth iaania/eaaao iio?aaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Yeaeo?iyia?aeae caaiae niaaaeaaony io aeaoo cae?uouo o?ainoi?iaoi?iuo
iiaenoaioeee – 3OI-204 ( 2 o?ainoi?iaoi?a iiuiinoueth ii 315 eAo).
I/enoiua nii?oaeaiey aeey na?ina i?iiuoeaiiuo noi/iuo aiae –
oeaio?aeeciaaiiua, ninoiyo ec iaoaie/aneie e aeieiae/aneie i/enoee
1.1.2 Anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
Anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ian/eouaaao aei 25 iaeiaiiaaiee, a
eiaiii: oaiiaineea e eiiuey/iua aeiiiaoa?eaeu, a?oiia noieiauo ni?oiauo
e nooeo eoiaaeiuo ia?aaioaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia, e?aieea, a oii /enea
oeiaaeiua (ii?oaaeiu, iaaea?a, oa?an), aeana?oiua aaeua e e?aniua, e
i?aaenoaaeai a oaaeeoea 1.1.
Oaaeeoea 1.1 – Anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
Iaeiaiiaaiea aeiiiaoa?eaeia2002 aiae, oun. aeae2003 aiae oun. aeae 1 2
3Aeiiiaoa?eaeu aeiia?aaeiua,anaai457,3584,4 -oaiiaineea e
ea?enoua26,5301,6 -noieiaua nooea, a oii /enea:23,320,8 eaeaieoa2,6-
aeeaioa3,1- noieiaia aaeia-4,8 eaaa?ia Eieue/oaeii5,8-
naia?aae9,59,2noieiaia e?aniia2,36,8 -e?aie?iua i?aeeia?iua, a oii
/enea:407,5262,0 ii?oaaei e?. aae. Aoeaaiae4,41,1 ii?oaaei e?. aae.
Oaa?eaea20,246,8 iaaea?a Oaa?eaea12,62,6 oa?an Oe?aeineee13,7-
neaayineia aae., e?., ?ic269,0170,2 i?eii?neia ?iciaia75,026,6 eaai?
Aoeaaiae2,65,4 nieioea a aieaea5,77,8 thaeiay i?iaeioeey4,31,5
Aeaiiua oaaeeoeu naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi noieiaua aeiiiaoa?eaeu
auioneathony a aanueia ia?aie/aiiuo eiee/anoaao, ieiei eee /ooue aieueoa
5 % io iauaai auionea. ?acei oaaee/eeny auione oaiiaineeo e ea?enouo
aeiiiaoa?eaeia: n 5 % a 2002 aiaeo aei ii/oe 60 % a 2003 aiaeo.
Ii-i?aaeiaio a iiaeaaeythueo eiee/anoaao auioneathony e?aieaiua
i?aeeia?iua aeiiiaoa?eaeu. I?aaeeaaaaiue iaoei i?iaeoii ?iceea
i?iaeoeoeee aeieaeai eciaieoue iauoth oaiaeaioeeth i?iecaiaenoaa a
noi?iio auionea aioiauo noieiauo aei oeo/oaiiiai ea/anoaa.
1.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, nu?uey e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeia
1.2.1 Oa?aeoa?enoeea nu?uey
Aeey ia?a?aaioee ia aeiiiaoa?eaeu eniieuecoaony eneeth/eoaeueii
nianoaaiiue aeiia?aae.
Eeeiao ianoiinoe oia?aiii-iyaeee, ?aeueao niaoaiiue, ?aaieiii-oieienoue.
Ii/au ?aciiia?aciua: /a?iicaiu, noaeeiee, iaeiaua.
Iauay ieiuaaeue naeueoicoaiaeee i?aaei?eyoey – 5402 aa, iiae
aeiia?aaeieeaie caiyoi 2137 aa, a oii /enea iiae oaoie/aneeie ni?oaie –
1551 aa.
Aaeiaue nai? oaoie/aneeo ni?oia aeiia?aaea ninoaaeyao a n?aaeiai 8 – 10
oun.oiii, a iaaeaaii?eyoiua aiaeu – 5-6 oun.oiii.
AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» ?aniieaaaao nianoaaiiie iiuiie nu?ueaaie aacie,
i?eaaaeaiiie a oaaeeoea 1.2.
Oaaeeoea 1.2 – Anni?oeiaio oaoie/aneeo ni?oia aeiia?aaea AIE
?
i/iIaeiaiiaaiea ni?oaIeiuaaeue, aaO?iaeaeiinoue, oe/aaEiee/anoai,
oiii1.Aeeaioa2105010502.?eaoeeoaee6605234303.Ieii o?ai60532184.Ioneao
Iooiiaeue80483845.Oa?aeiia60412466.Eieo?60503007.Niaeiueii
caeaiue60452708.Eaaa?ia-Niaeiueii60452709.Naia?aae1005050010.Ia?ei706042
011.Iaeanneee /a?iue1016565712.Iao?ana3045125Eoiai:15517982
Aeaiiua oaaeeoeu 1.2 naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi 1050 oiii eee 13 % io
iauaai eiee/anoaa aeiia?aaea ninoaaeyao ni?o Aeeaioa, yaeythueeny
oi?ioei nu?ueai aeey i?eaioiaeaiey ni?oiauo noieiauo auaea?aeaiiuo aei.
Ec inoaaoeony ni?oia iiaeii auei au eniieueciaaoue Niaeiueii caeaiue, ii
yoio ni?o aeinoaoi/ii iaaaeaeaaoii aaaeao naay i?e o?aiaiee e neeiiai e
ieeneaieth. Ni?oa aeiia?aaea Ieii o?ai, Ioneao Iooiiaeue, ?eaoeeoaee e
Oa?aeiia iieiinoueth caaeaenoaiaaiu a i?eaioiaeaiee ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaeia
i?iaeoeoeee e ia iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu a iaoai i?iaeoa. Eieo?
o?aaeeoeeiiii eniieuecoaony ia caaiaea a i?iecaiaenoaa oeiaaeiuo e?aieeo
aei, e iaa?yae ee n?aaieony n Eieo?ii Ieaeiaai?neei.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a i?iaeoa ?anniao?eaaaony eniieueciaaiea ni?oa
aeiia?aaea Aeeaioa.
Oa?aeoa?enoeea ni?oa n iai?aaeaieai aai eniieueciaaiey i?aaenoaaeaia a
oaaeeoea 1.3.
Oaaeeoea 1.3 – Oa?aeoa?enoeea ni?oa aeiia?aaea Aeeaioa
Iacaaiea ni?oaIa?eiae nic?aaaieyEiiaeeoeee c?aeiai a-aeaIai?aaeaiea
eniieueciaaieyNao.,a/aei 3Oeo.e.,a/aei3Aeeaioa?aiiee160-2106 – 9
oaiiaineea, noieiaua e eiiuey/iua aeiiiaoa?eaeu
Aeeaioa – o?aioeocneee oaoie/aneee ni?o aeiia?aaea ?aiiaai ia?eiaea
nic?aaaiey. Ioiineony e caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneie yeieiai-aaia?aoe/aneie
a?oiia ni?oia. ?ani?ino?aiai ai iiiaeo no?aiao, eoeueoeae?othueo
aeiia?aae, a oii /enea, a no?aiao NIA.
Eenouey n?aaeiea, ie?oaeua, neaai?anna/aiiua, oaiii-caeaiua, naa?oo
aeanoyuea, aeaaeeea, nieco /anoe/ii iiooaiiua.
A?icaeuey n?aaeiea, oeeeeiae?e/aneea e oeeeeiae?i-eiie/aneea, ieioiua
eee i/aiue ieioiua. ssaiaeu n?aaeiea, ie?oaeua, caeaiiaaoi-aaeua n
cieioenoi-aeaeoui iooaieii, iie?uou iaeeeie ei?e/iaauie oi/eaie.
Eiaeeoea oiieay, oi?oaay. Iyeioue ni/iay, aeon inaaaeathuee.
O?iaeaeiinoue i?e iaaeeaaeauai ooiaea 100 – 120 oe/aa. Onoie/eainoue e
aieaciyi iiauoaiiay, e ii?icai – n?aaeiyy. E canooa /oanoaeoaeai.
1.2.2 Oa?aeoa?enoeea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee
Noieiaia ni?oiaia auaea?aeaiiia nooia aeii «Aeeaioa» aeieaeii eiaoue
neaaeothuoth i?aaiieaioe/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo e oeceei-oeie/aneea
iieacaoaee.
Oaaeeoea 1.4 – I?aaiieaioe/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea aeia
IieacaoaeeOa?aeoa?enoeeaOeaaoIo naaoei-nieiiaiiiai aei
oia?aiii-cieioenoiaiA?iiaoOeaaoi/iue, ni?oiaieAeonInaaaeathuee,
aa?iiie/iue
Oaaeeoea 1.5 – Oeceei-oeie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee aeia
IieacaoaeeIi?iaIauaiiay aeiey yoeeiaiai nie?oa, %10,0 – 13,0Ianniaay
eiioeaio?aoeey naoa?ia, a/100 ni3, ia aieaa0,3Ianniaay eiioeaio?aoeey
oeo?oaiuo eeneio, a/aei35,0 – 7,0
1.2.3 Oa?aeoa?enoeea aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aioiaiai aeia iiaoo iio?aaiaaoueny ?acee/iua
aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu, a eiaiii: aeeieneae na?u, aaioiieo, aeaeaoei
ieuaaie, i?aia?ao «Iaoaaoi», oeeueo?othuea, iithuea, oaniai/iua e
oeoii?i/iua iaoa?eaeu. Aeaiiua ii aniiiiaaoaeueiui iaoa?eaeai naaaeaiu a
oaaeeoea 1.6.
Oaaeeoea 1.6 – Oa?aeoa?enoeea aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia
IaeiaiiaaieaAiaoiyy oa?aeoa?enoeea Iacia/aieaIAe1 .Aeeieneae na?u
Aanoeaaoiay aeeaeeinoue n ?aceei ?acae?aaeathuei caiaoii Eniieuecoaony a
aeiao eae aioeieneaeaio, aioeieeneeoaeue e aeey naiia?aaioee
iiaa?oiinoaeAINO 2918-792AaioiieoIaeeay e?oiea eee ii?ioie
caeaiiaaoi-na?iai oeaaoaAeey inaaoeaiey e noaaeeecaoeee nonea e
aeiiiaoa?eaeia INO 18-49-713AeeaoiieoAaeue ii?ioie n na?iaaoui eee
?iciaaoui iooaieiiAeey oeeueo?aoeee aeiiiaoa?eaeia aei i?ic?a/iinoe
OO-482-82 4AEaeaoei ieuaaieIeanoeiee eee e?oieiee naaoei-aeaeoiai
oeaaoaAeey inaaoeaiey e noaaeeecaoeee aeiAINO 11293 5I?aia?ao
«Iaoaaoi»Aiiiaaiiue i?aia- ?ao, nianue iaoaaei- iie eeneiou e
aoiiea?aaeeaAeey noaaeeeecaoeee i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo
iiiooiaieeAeiiouai IIC Oe?aeiu6Ea?oii oeeueo?iaaeueiue -Ea?oii aac
o?auei, caiaoa, neeaaeie, ?ac?uaia Aeey oeeueo?aoeee aeiAINO 122907Niaea
eaeueoeeie?iaaiiayIi?ioie aaeiai oeaaoa (iaeeie?en- oaeee/aneee)Iieea
aieinoae e iai?oaeiaaieyAINO 51008Ecaanoue oei?iayAea?ineiie/iue
ca?ienoue aaeue ii?ioieAeaceioaeoeey iai?oaeiaaiey, iiiauaiee AINO
1692I?eaaaeaiiua aeaiiua naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i aiciiaeiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa
ia aeicaaiaea i?aeoe/anee anaai anni?oeiaioa oeoeo aei, a o./. e
auaea?aeaiiuo noieiauo ni?oiauo. Aeey nicaeaiey eiieo?aioiniiniaiie
i?iaeoeoeee iaiaoiaeeii au?aaioaoue /aoeoth ia?eaoeiaiaoth no?aoaaeth, a
eioi?oth aoiaeyo ea/anoai, noaaeeueiinoue, onoie/eaua iauaiu,
aeaiie?aoe/aneea oeaiu, ?aeeaia e eieaeae i?aaei?eyoey.
1.3 Iainiiaaiea ?aeiino?oeoeee
A E?uio ?uiie nooeo aaeuo aei nicaeaaony eae ecaanoiuie i?iecaiaeeoaey-
ie, oae e iiauie oe?iaie. *oiau cayaeoue i naaa e auoue
eiieo?aioiniinia- iui, i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii au?aaioaoue /aoeoth
ia?eaoeiaiaoth no?aoaaeth. I?eaiu no?aoaaee ecaanoiu: ea/anoai,
onoie/eaua iauaiu, aeaiie?aoe/aneea oeaiu, ?aeeaia, aunieee eieaeae
ia?ee.
Naaiaioaoeey ?uiea
Oeaeueth i?iaeoa yaeyaony i?iecaiaenoai aaeiai auaea?aeaiiiai nooiai
aeia n aeaeueiaeoae aai ?aaeecaoeeae ia ?uiea E?uia a eo?i?oiue nacii.
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ieaie?oaiiai iauaia auionea iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue
iauai oeaeaaiai ?uiea:
– i?eieiaai, /oi ac?ineia ianaeaiea E?uia ninoaaeyao 1,5 iei. /aeiaae. A
eo?i?oiue nacii a E?ui i?eacaeatho aua 4,5 iei. /aeiaae:
O1 = 6000 000 /aeiaae
– iauai iio?aaeaiey aeia i?eaeeceoaeueii ?aaai 1,2 aooueee ia /aeiaaea
ca nacii: O2 = 6000 000 * 1,2 = 7200 000 = 540 000 aeae
– iio?aaeaiea nooiai aaeiai aeia a E?uio ninoaaeyao ieiei 50 % anaai
iauaia aeia (ii ia?eaoeiaiaui enneaaeiaaieyi), neaaeiaaoaeueii:
O3 = 540 000 * 0,5 = 270 000 aeae
Aeey n?aaiaiey i?eiai aeaa aeeceeo ii iieacaoaeyi i?aaei?eyoey: CAI
«Aaoon» e CAI «Ecoi?oaeiue», auioneathueo i?iaeoeoeeth oaeiai aea
eeanna.
Oaaeeoea 1.7 – Iniiaiua iieacaoaee eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe
Iieacaoaee eii- eo?aioiniiniaiinoeAIE «Aeiia?aae- iue»CAI «Aaoon»CAI
«Ecoi?oaeiue»1. Oeaia, a?i/aeae19,630,025,02. I?anoeae OI31073.
Niioaaonoaea oeio aeia101084.Aeecaei yoeeaoee899
Ioeaiee ii iieacaoaeyi 2 – 4 i?eaiaeyony a ioiineoaeueiuo aaee/eiao ii
10-oe aaeueiie oeaea.
Aeai?eoi ?an/aoa eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe
– Ioia/aai aaaeiinoue iieacaoaeae iaoiaeii yenia?oiuo ioeaiie;
– aaiaeei «eaeaaeueiue» aa?eaio – ia nouanoaothuee aa?eaio i?iaeoeoa n
iaeeo/oeie iieacaoaeyie (ieieiaeueiie oeaiie e ae?oaeie iaeneiaeueiuie
iieacaoaeyie;
– ?ann/eouaaai aeey anao eiieo?aioia ioiineoaeueiua iieacaoaee
ea/anoaa:
– aeey ieieiecoaiuo iieacaoaeae Iiei = Ieae / Iaac
aaea Ieae – iieacaoaeue eaeaaeueiiai aa?eaioa,
Iaac – aaciaue iieacaoaeue
– aeey iaeneiecoaiuo iieacaoaeae Iiaen = Iaac / Ieae
?ann/eouaaai iieacaoaee e aiinei ?acoeueoaou a oaaeeoeo 1.8.
Oaaeeoea 1.8 – Iieacaoaee ea/anoaa ii i?aaei?eyoeyi
Iieacaoaee eiieo?aioi- niiniaiinoeIoeaiea iieacaoaeyEaeaaeueiue
aa?eaioAIE «Ae- iia?aaeiue»CAI «Aaoon»CAI
«Ecoi?».1.Oeaia,a?i/aeae0,519,61,0 0,50,35 0,17 0,7 0,352.I?anoeae
OI0,3100,3 0,091 0,30,7 0,213.Niioaaonoaea oeio aeia0,05101 0,051
0,050,8 0,044.Aeecaei yoeeaoee0,15100,8 0,120,9 0,130,9
0,13N?aaeiaacaaoai- iua iieacaoaee0,760,650,73
Eniieuecoy n?aaeiaacaaoaiiua iieacaoaee ea/anoaa, ii?aaeaeyai /anoue
?uiea, eioi?oth iiaeao caiyoue i?iaeoeoeey AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue»:
O = 21,17 %
Oeaeaaie iauai ?uiea ninoaaeyao: Ooeae = (O3 * O ) / 100 = 270000 *
0,2117 = 58590 aeae
A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiiuo ?an/aoia iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi
aeicaaiae AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoue e ?aaeeciaaoue a
eo?i?oiue nacii a E?uio ia aieaa 58,6 oun. aeae eneiiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Oaeei ia?acii aua?aiiay iaie iiuiinoue ii i?iecaiaenoao noieiauo nooeo
auaea?aeaiiuo aei a eiee/anoaa 10,5 oun. aeae (150 000 aoo / aiae)
?aaeueia e eiaao oaiaeaioeeth e oaaee/aieth aei 58,6 oun. aeae.
2. Oaoiieiae/aneay /anoue
2.1. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea oaoiieiaee noieiauo aaeuo aei
Noieiaua nooea aaeua aeia – yoi aeia, iieo/aaiua a ?acoeueoaoa iieiiai
na?aaeeaaiey naoa?ia nonea. I?e i?eaioiaeaiee nooeo aei ia ?ac?aoaaony
aaaaeaiea a nonei i?e a?iaeaiee eee a aeii eaeeo-eeai iinoi?iiieo
aauanoa, e?iia o?aaoaiuo oaoiieiaeae i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ac?aoaiiuo
caeiiii. Iiyoiio yoe aeia n/eoathony iaoo?aeueiuie. Iie oaeaea
iiae?acaeaeythony ia ni?oiaua (ia iaiaa 85 % iaeiiai ni?oa aeiia?aaea) e
eoiaaeiua (ec niane ni?oia).
Ii ea/anoao yoe aeia iiae?acaeaeythony ia i?aeeia?iua, ia?i/iua e
eieeaeoeeiiiua. A iiaue noaiaea?o ia i?iecaiaenoai oeoeo aei aaaaeaia
eaoaai?ey i?aeeia?iuo auaea?aeaiiuo aei oeo/oaiiiai ea/anoaa, /oi e
yaeyaony oaiie aeaiiie ?aaiou.
Ii?aaeaeythuay ?ieue a oi?ie?iaaiee oeie/iinoe e ea/anoaa nooeo noieiauo
aei i?eiaaeeaaeeo oaoiieiaee. Ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai i?ioeanna
i?iecaiaenoaa nonei e aeiiiaoa?eaeu iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeio?aiyoue io
aicaeaenoaey eenei?iaea aicaeooa, aeey /aai i?e eaaeaeie oaoiieiae/aneie
iia?aoeee a n?aeo (iacao, nonei, aeiiiaoa?eaeu, aeii) aaiaeyo aeeieneae
na?u. Ai ecaaaeaiea eioaineoeeaoeee i?ioeannia ieeneaiey oyaeaeua
iaoaeeu neaaeoao oaeaeyoue ec aeiiiaoa?eaeia aiciiaeii ?aiueoa.
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aaeuo nooeo noieiauo aeiiiaoa?eaeia eniieuecotho
aeiia?aae n ianniaie eiioeaio?aoeeae naoa?ia ia ieaea 160 a/aei3, aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa ni?oiauo e ia?i/iuo aei – ia ieaea 170 a/aei3.i?e ianniaie
eiioeaio?aoeee oeo?oaiuo eeneio 8 –10 a/aei3.Yoei aeiai naienoaaiia
iaaunieay nie?ooiciinoue, n?aaeiyy yeno?aeoeaiinoue e naaaeanoue.
I?iecaiaenoai noieiauo aei inouanoaeytho niaeanii «Oaoiieiae/aneie
eino?oeoeee ii i?iecaiaenoao i?aeeia?iuo aaeuo nooeo noieiauo aei»,
i?iecaiaenoai ia?i/iuo noieiauo aei – niaeanii Oaoiieiae/aneei
eino?oeoeeyi ia eaaeaeoth ia?eo aeia.
Aeiia?aae ia?a?aaaouaaaony «ii – aaeiio» niiniao ia oeiiauo eeieyo n
ioaeaeaieai a?aaiae. Aeey oneeaiey ni?oiauo iniaaiiinoae ?aeiiaiaeoaony
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ianoaeaaiea nonea ia iacaa a oa/aiea 4-6 /ania. Aeey
i?eaioiaeaiey aeia ioae?aaony nonei-naiioae e nonei ia?aie i?anniaie
o?aeoeee ia aieueoa 60 aeae ec 1 oiiiu aeiia?aaea. Nonei-naiioae e nonei
ia?aie i?anniaie o?aeoeee niaoeaathony e noeueoeoe?othony ec ?an/aoa
75-100 ia/aei3 na?ienoie eeneiou e ionoaeaathony a oa/aiea 12-24 /ania.
Ia?aae ionoaeaaieai ?aeiiaiaeoaony ioeaaeaeaiea nonea aei oaiia?aoo?u
10-12 0 N, a oaeaea ia?aaioea aaioiieoii a eiee/anoaa ia aieaa 3 a/aei3.
Inaaoeaiiia nonei nieiaaony n inaaeea e na?aaeeaaaony ia /enoie
eoeueoo?a ae?iaeaeae. Oaiia?aoo?a a?iaeaiey ia aeieaeia auoue auoa 22 0
N.
Na?iaeaiiua e inaaoeaiiua aeiiiaoa?eaeu nieiathony n ae?iaeaeaaiai
inaaeea, i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe yaaeece?othony, noeueoeoe?othony ec ?an/aoa
25-30 ia/aei3 naiaiaeiie na?ienoie eeneiou e iiaeathony ia o?aiaiea a
iieiuo aeieeouo aieinoyo.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey ?iceeainoieeinoe aeiiiaoa?eaeu ia?aaaouaathony ii
iaeiie ec oaoiieiae/aneeo noai, ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?iaiie ieeaeeie, e
ioi?aaeythony ia o?aiaiea eee ia ?iceea. Ia?aae ?iceeaii aeiiiaoa?eaeu
ia?aaaouaathony oieiaeii i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo eee ae?oaeo iiiooiaiee,
nii?iaiaeaeathueo ?aceia nieaeaiea oaiia?aoo?u o?aiaiey, caoai
iaycaoaeueiue ioaeuo ia iaiaa 10 nooie, eiio?ieueiay oeeueo?aoeey e
?iceea.
Iniaaiiinoueth nooeo noieiauo aei yaeyaony eo ianoieeinoue e ?acaeoeth
iee?iaeaeueiuo iiiooiaiee, /oi aei neo ii? yaeyaony neiaeiaeoae caaea/ae
aeey aeiii?iecaiaeeoaeae. Nouanoaoao ianeieueei niiniaia noaaeeecaoeee
aei i?ioea oaeeo iiiooiaiee.
Oece/aneay noaaeeecaoeey.
Iaoiaeu iniiaaiu ia oie/oiaeaiee iinoi?iiiae iee?ioei?u ca n/ao
eaeiai-eeai oece/aneiai aicaeaenoaey, a eiaiii: aoouei/iay
ianoa?ecaoeey, ai?y/ee e noa?eeueiue ?iceea.
Aoouei/iay ianoa?ecaoeey iiae?acoiaaaao e?aoeia?aiaiiue iaa?aa aei,
?aceeouo a aooueee, aei oaiia?aoo?u 60-70 i N. I?e yoii i?ienoiaeeo
oie/oiaeaiea iee?ioei?u aac nouanoaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia oa?aeoa?enoeee
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee. E niaeaeaieth ec-ca ionoonoaey iaaeaaeiiai e
ea/anoaaiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey yoio iaoiae ia iaoae oe?ieiai aiaae?aiey.
I?e ai?y/ai ?iceeaa aeiiiaoa?eae iaa?aaaaony aei 50-55 iN, oeeueo?oaony
i?e yoie oaiia?aoo?a e ?aceeaaaony a iiaeia?aoua aooueee. Ianiio?y ia
eniieueciaaiea aeeieneaea oaea?iaea aeey nieaeaiey eiioaeoa aeia n
eenei?iaeii aicaeooa, yoio niinia i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth ea/anoaa aeia
ca n/ao eioaineoeeaoeee i?ioeannia ieeneaiey.
Noa?eeueiue ?iceea yaeyaony naiui niaa?oaiiui n?aaenoaii aeinoeaeaiey
noaaeeueiinoe nooeo aei, iineieueeo i?e aai eniieueciaaiee ia
i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiey ninoaaa aeia. Oai ia iaiaa, yoi iaeaieaa neiaeiue
niinia. Aeey aai inouanoaeaiey o?aaoaony niaoeeaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea.
Aeiiiaoa?eaeu iiaeaa?aatho aeaoonoaaeeeiie oeeueo?aoeee: ia ia?aie
noaaeee – oeeueo?aoeey /a?ac aeeaoiieo, caaea?aeeaathuee iniiaioth ianno
iee?ii?aaieciia, aoi?ay noaaeey – oeeueo?aoeey /a?ac niaoeeaeueiua
iaanieiaeeaathuea ieanoeiu. Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei o?aaoaony ouaoaeueiay
i/enoea e iaanieiaeeaaiea iaii?iie aieinoe e iai?oaeiaaiey aeey ?iceeaa.
Oeie/aneay noaaeeecaoeey.
Iaoiaeu iniiaaiu ia aianaiee a aeii oeie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee, iaeaaeathueo
aaeoa?einoaoe/aneei (eiaeae?othueo ?acaeoea) eee aaeoa?eoeeaeiui
(oie/oiaeathuei) naienoaaie.
Iniiaiui noaaeeece?othuei n?aaenoaii n 18 aaea yaeyaony aeeieneae na?u,
ni/aoathuee a naaa eae eiina?ae?othuea, oae e aioeieneaeaioiua naienoaa.
Iaeiaei ii iaania/eaaao noaaeeueiinoue a neeoeii aunieeo e iianiuo aeey
caei?iauey aeicao. *oiau i?aaeio?aieoue aeii io iee?iaeaeueiie ii?/e
iaiaoiaeeii ni/aoaoue i?eiaiaiea aeeieneaea na?u n oece/aneeie iaoiaeaie
noaaeeecaoeee.
2.2 Nouanoaothuay oaoiieiaey ia i?aaei?eyoee
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia i?aaei?eyoee ia inouanoaeyaony ?iceea aei. E?iia
yoiai ia i?iecaiaeeony auaea?aeea aeiiiaoa?eaeia a ai/eioa?a. A
anni?oeiaioa caaiaea – i?eaioiaeaiea ia?aaioaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia, a oii
/enea ni?oiauo noieiauo aaeuo.
Oaoiieiaey iieo/aiey ia?aaioaiiuo noieiauo aeiiiaoa?eaeia ia ioee/aaony
io iienaiiie auoa. Aeiia?aae ia?a?aaaouaaaony n eniieueciaaieai aaeeiauo
ae?iaeeie AAeA-20, iacaa noeueoeoe?oaony aeicaie 75-100 ia/aei3 e
iiaeaaony ia noaeaoaeue aeey noneiioaeaeaiey. Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
aeiiiaoa?eaeia eniieuecothony nonei-naiioae e nonei 1 aeaaeaiey a
eiee/anoaa ia aieueoa 60 aeae/o.
Nonei ioeaaeaeaaony aei oaiia?aoo?u 10-12 iN e ionoaeaaaony a oa/aiea
16-18 /ania. Caoai nieiaaony n aouaauo inaaeeia e iiaeaaony ia
?aaoee?oaiia a?iaeaiea i?e oaiia?aoo?a 15-18 0N a onoaiiaeo AAO-4I. Aeey
na?aaeeaaiey naoa?ia nonea eniieuecoaony /enoay eoeueoo?a ae?iaeaeae
(*EAe) ?anu 47-E a eiee/anoaa 2-3 % io iauaia n?aaeu. I?e niaea?aeaiee
naoa?ia 2-3 a/100 ni3 aeiiiaoa?eaeu auea/eaathony ia aeia?aaeeaaiea e
inaaoeaiea. Aeaeueiaeoay oaoiieiaey ia ioee/aaony io iauai?eiyoie.
2.3 Oniaa?oainoaiaaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna
Ia?aae iaie noieo caaea/a aianoe a oaoiieiaeth i?aeeia?iiai aeia
yeaiaiou oaoiieiaee ia?i/iuo aei, o.a. e?aoeia?aiaiioth auaea?aeeo a
eiioaeoa n ae?aaaneiie aeoaa, /oi aeieaeii oeo/oeoue i?aaiieaioe/aneea
iieacaoaee aeia, ia?aaanoe aai ec eaoaai?ee i?inoi i?aeeia?iiai a
eaoaai?eth «auaea?aeaiiiai i?aeeia?iiai» aeia.
Aaaeiui yaeyaony oaeaea ea/anoai aeiiiaoa?eaeia ia?aae auaea?aeeie,
iaoneiaeaiiia oaoie/aneie c?aeinoueth aeiia?aaea e iaania/eaathuay aai
aeoniaua e a?iiaoe/aneea ea/anoaa, a oaeaea i?eaiu oaoiieiaee,
iicaieythuea yoei ea/anoaai i?iyaeoueny. Iaeiei ec oaeeo i?eaiia
yaeyaony e?aoeia?aiaiiia ianoaeaaiea (aei 4-o /ania) noeueoeoe?iaaiiiai
nonea ia iacaa.
Aeey iiauoaiey ea/anoaa aeia oaeaea i/aiue aaaeai yoai aai oi?ie?iaaiey,
aeeth/athuee ia?eiae io eiioea a?iaeaiey aei ia?aie ia?aeeaee, ninoiyuee
ec neiaeiuo aeieiae/aneeo e oeceei-oeie/aneeo i?ioeannia
(yaei/ii-iiei/iiai a?iaeaiey, aaoieeca ae?iaeaeae, aeae?ieeca,
yoa?eoeeaoeee, iieeia?ecaoeee, ia?aciaaiey e auaeaeaiey eieeieaeiuo e
e?enoaeee/aneeo inaaeeia, i?eaiaeyueo e naiiinaaoeaieth ). A ?acoeueoaoa
noeioee?othony ieeneeoaeueii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua i?ioeannu, /oi
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ia/aea nic?aaaiey aeia.
Nic?aaaiea aeia – yoai a i?ioeanna aai i?eaioiaeaiey, aeeth/athuee
ia?eiae io eiioea oi?ie?iaaiey aei ia/aea noa?aiey, i?ienoiaeyuee i?e
aeinooia eenei?iaea aicaeooa /a?ac ii?u aeoaiaie eeaiee, /oi
iaania/eaaao ?acaeoea a aeia i?aaiieaioe/aneeo ea/anoa e i?eaeaao aio
noaaeeueiinoue i?ioea iiiooiaiee. I?ienoiaeyo aeoaieea oeie/aneea
(ieeneeoaeueii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua i?ioeannu, yoa?eoeeaoeey, ?aniaae,
eiiaeainaoeey), oece/aneea (yeno?aeoeey, enia?aiea), aeioeie/aneea
(aeae?ieec), oeceei-oeie/aneea (iieeia?ecaoeey, ia?aciaaiea e auaeaeaiea
eieeieaeiuo e e?enoaeee/aneeo inaaeeia) i?ioeannu.
Iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea i?e nic?aaaiee eiatho
ieeneeoaeueii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua i?ioeannu, iaoneiaeaiiua iiaeiuaieai
aeiii eenei?iaea aicaeooa, iinooiathuaai ai a?aiy auaea?aeee, a oaeaea
oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoeee (ia?aeeaie, oeeueo?aoeee e ae?.).
Ecauoie eenei?iaea iiaeao i?eaanoe e ia?aieeneaiiinoe, /oi iaaeiionoeii
aeey aaeiai noieiaiai aeia. Iiyoiio oae aaaeii ii?aaeaeeoueny ni n?ieaie
auaea?aeee aeia.
Ecaanoii, /oi nouanoaoao i?iaeo ii?iaoeaiiai aeieoiaioa,
onoaiaaeeaathuaai iieoaiaeiaie n?ie auaea?aeee i?aeeia?iuo aei
oeo/oaiiiai ea/anoaa a aeoaiaie ai/ea. Ii yoio n?ie onoaiiaeai aeey anao
oeiia aei. Aeey noieiauo aaeuo aei i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ai/eiaie
auaea?aeee aeaeaoaeueii nie?aoeoue ai ecaaaeaiea eceeoiae
ia?aieeneaiiinoe e iiauoaiiie yeno?aeoeaiinoe, ia?oaeythueo aeon e
oneiaeiythueo noaaeeecaoeeth aeia.
Ii oaaaeaeaieth i?aeoeeothueo aeiiaeaeia aaeua noieiaua aeia oeo/oatho
ea/anoai oaea /a?ac o?e ianyoea auaea?aeee a ai/ea.
Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo e?eoa?eaa ea/anoaa ia?i/iuo aei yaeyaony aaee/eia
i?eaaaeaiiiai yeno?aeoa, oa?aeoa?ecothuay «oaei» aeia. Aeey i?aeeia?iuo
aei yoio iieacaoaeue ia ii?ie?oaony. Aaiaey a oaoiieiaeth i?aeeia?iuo
aei iiaue i?eai n oeaeueth iiauoaiey eo ea/anoaaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee,
iaiaoiaeeii aianoe a ia?a/aiue oeceei-oeie/aneeo iieacaoaeae cia/aiea
i?eaaaeaiiiai yeno?aeoa. Aeey noieiauo aaeuo i?aeeia?iuo auaea?aeaiiuo
aei ii aeieaeai auoue ia iaiaa 18 a/aei3.
Oaeei ia?acii nicaeaiea eneiiiai aeia aeeth/aao a naay ia?a?aaioeo
aeiia?aaea ii ecaanoiie oaoiieiaee e iinea i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey aeia
aai auaea?aeeo a oa/aiea 3-o ianyoeaa a aeoaiaie oa?a, caoai ioaeuo a
yiaee?iaaiiii ?aca?aoa?a ia iaiaa 1 ianyoea, ia?aaioeo i?ioea
eieeieaeiuo iiiooiaiee, caoai ia?aaioeo i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo
iiiooiaiee, ioaeuo, eiio?ieueioth oeeueo?aoeeth e iiaea/o ia ?iceea.
Ioaeuo iinea ai/eiaie auaea?aeee iaiaoiaeei aeey caaa?oaiey
ieeneeoaeueii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaeoeee, auiaaeaiey anao
noi?ie?iaaaoeony inaaeeia e i?eia?aoaiey aeiii ioiineoaeueiiai
?aaiiaaney ia?aae ia?aaioeaie i?ioea iiiooiaiee oeceei-oeie/aneiai
oa?aeoa?a.
Ia?aaioea i?iaiaeeony aeaeaoeiii a ni/aoaiee n aaioiieoii a aeicao,
ii?aaeaeaiiuo a eaai?aoi?iuo oneiaeyo ia iniiaaiee i?iaiuo ieeaae.
Ia?aaioea AEEN ia ieaie?oaony, iineieueeo ca iineaaeiea 20 eao yoa
ia?aaioea ia i?aaei?eyoee ia i?eiaiyeanue a nayce n ieceeie
eiioeaio?aoeeyie iaoaeeia a aeiiiaoa?eaeao.
Aeey noaaeeecaoeee aeia i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo iiiooiaiee iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue i?aia?ao «Metagum» (nianue iaoaaeiiie eeneiou e
aoiiea?aaeea) aeicie 150 ia/aei3, /oi iaania/eo aeeeoaeueioth
noaaeeueiinoue aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Iinea 10-aeiaaiiai ioaeuoa i?iaiaeeony eiio?ieueiay oeeueo?aoeey e aeii
iai?aaeyaony ia ?iceea. Iniaaiiinoueth nooeo noieiauo aei yaeyaony eo
ianoieeinoue e ?acaeoeth iee?iaeaeueiuo iiiooiaiee, iiyoiio iaania/aiea
eo aeieiae/aneie noaaeeueiinoe aei neo ii? yaeyaony i/aiue neiaeiie
caaea/ae aeey aeiii?iecaiaeeoaey.
Caaea/ae iaoaai i?iaeoa yaeyaony iaania/aiea noaaeeueiinoe noieiaiai
aeiiiaoa?eaea ia?aae ?iceeaii. Iaeiei ec naiuo yooaeoeaiuo i?eaiia
yaeyaony iaanieiaeeaathuay (iaia?aiiay) oeeueo?aoeey, iicaieythuay
i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth oaeaeeoue ec aeia iee?ioei?o i?e oeeueo?iaaiee
/a?ac iieeia?ioth iaia?aio n aeeaiao?ii ii? aei 0,5 iei. Iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue aeaeueiaeooth noa?eeueiinoue aeia ai a?aiy ?iceeaa.
Oaoiieiae/aneay noaia i?iecaiaenoaa auaea?aeaiiiai noieiaiai nooiai
aaeiai aeia auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aeia eniieuecotho aeiia?aae ni?oa Aeeaioa
naoa?enoinoueth ia ieaea 180 a/aei3 e eeneioiinoueth 8-10 a/aei3 . Io
iiiaioa nai?a aeiia?aaea aei aai ia?a?aaioee iiaeao i?ieoe ia aieaa 4-o
/ania.
Ae?iaeaiea aeiia?aaea n a?aaiaioaeaeaieai i?iecaiaeyo ia aaeeiaie
ae?iaeeea AAeA.
N oeaeueth iaiaauaiey nonea yeno?aeoeaiuie e a?iiaoiia?acothueie
aauanoaaie iacao iinea ae?iaeaiey ia?aea/eaatho a aieinoue e ianoaeaatho
a oa/aiea 2-4-o /ania. Noeueoeoaoeey iacae aei 75-100 ia/aei3 i?eaiaeeo
e aieaa aunieiio o?iaith yeno?aeoeee eiiiiiaioia iacae e i?aaeio?aiyao
nonei io eceeoiaai ieeneaiey.
Iinea ianoaeaaiey iacaa iai?aaeyaony a noaeaoaeue aeey ioai?a
nonea-naiioaea. Noaeoay iacaa iiaeaaony ia i?anniaaiea. 1-y i?anniaay
o?aeoeey e nonei-naiioae a eiee/anoaa ia aieueoa 60 aeae/o iai?aaeythony
ia i?iecaiaenoai eneiiiai aeia. Inoaeueiua i?anniaua o?aeoeee – ia
e?aieaiua i?aeeia?iua aeiiiaoa?eaeu.
Iieo/aiiia nonei ioeaaeaeaaony a iioiea aei oaiia?aoo?u 10-12 iN e
ionoaeaatho a ?aca?aoa?ao a oa/aiea ia aieaa 24-o /ania.
Inaaoeaiiia nonei nieiatho n aouaauo inaaeeia e iai?aaeytho ia a?iaeaiea
i?e oaiia?aoo?a 16-19 iN. Aeey i?iaaaeaiey a?iaeaiey a nonei aiinyo 2-4
% *EAe ?anu 47-E, ioee/athuothny iieiioie aua?aaeeaaiey naoa?ia,
eiaeae?othuae aeeeoth iee?ioei?o e iaiaauathuoth i?iaeoeo
a?iiaoiia?acothueie eiiiiiaioaie (neiaeiuie yoe?aie).
A?iaeaiea inouanoaeytho aei niaea?aeaiey inoaoi/iuo naoa?ia 2-3 a/aei3,
iinea /aai aeiiiaoa?eaeu auea/eaatho ia aeia?aaeeaaiea. A neo/aa aunieie
eeneioiinoe (aieaa 8 a/aei3) i?iaiaeyo i?ioeann eiaeooee?iaaiiiai eee
niiioaiiiai yaei/ii-iiei/iiai a?iaeaiey (ssIA).
Iinea inaaoeaiey aeiiiaoa?eaeu nieiatho n ae?iaeaeae, noeueoeoe?otho
aeicaie 30-40 ia/aei3, annaiaee?otho e ioi?aaeytho ia o?aiaiea n
iaycaoaeueiie aeieeaeie.
Caoai noi?ie?iaaaoea e ioaeioioaoea aeiiiaoa?eaeu ioi?aaeytho ia
auaea?aeeo a aeoaiaie oa?a. Auaea?aeea inouanoaeyaony a aeoaiauo ai/eao
aianoeiinoueth 60 aeae eaaeaeay, a iacaiiii iiiauaiee i?e oaiia?aoo?a
15-18 iN, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth ia iaiaa 3-o ianyoeaa.
Ai a?aiy auaea?aeee i?iaiaeeony iaeia ioe?uoay ia?aeeaea.
Ii i?ioanoaee 3-o ianyoeaa aeiiiaoa?eaeu nieiathony n auaea?aeee,
noeueoeoe?othony aeicaie 20-30 ia/aei3 e iai?aaeythony a yiaee?iaaiiua
?aca?aoa?u aeey ioaeuoa e ainnoaiiaeaiey ieeneaiiuo eiiiiiaioia ia iaiaa
1-ai ianyoea.
Caoai aeiiiaoa?eaeu annaiaee?othony e iai?aaeythony ia ia?aaioeo i?ioea
iiiooiaiee oeceei-oeie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a niaeanii oaoiieiae/aneie
eino?oeoeee. Ia?aaioea i?iaiaeeony aeaeaoeiii a ni/aoaiee n aaioiieoii a
aeicao, ii?aaeaeaiiuo a eaai?aoi?iuo oneiaeyo ia iniiaaiee i?iaiuo
ieeaae. Ia?aaioea AEEN ia ieaie?oaony, iineieueeo ca iineaaeiea 20 eao
yoa ia?aaioea ia i?aaei?eyoee ia i?eiaiyeanue a nayce n ieceeie
eiioeaio?aoeeyie iaoaeeia a aeiiiaoa?eaeao.
Aeey noaaeeecaoeee aeia i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo iiiooiaiee eniieuecoaony
i?aia?ao «Metagum» (nianue iaoaaeiiie eeneiou e aoiiea?aaeea) aeicie 150
ia/aei3, /oi iaania/eo aeeeoaeueioth noaaeeueiinoue aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Iinea 10-aeiaaiiai ioaeuoa i?iaiaeeony eiio?ieueiay oeeueo?aoeey e aeii
iai?aaeyaony ia ?iceea.
Caaea/ae iaoaai i?iaeoa yaeyaony iaania/aiea noaaeeueiinoe noieiaiai
aeiiiaoa?eaea ia?aae ?iceeaii. Iaeiei ec naiuo yooaeoeaiuo i?eaiia
yaeyaony iaanieiaeeaathuay (iaia?aiiay) oeeueo?aoeey, iicaieythuay
i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth oaeaeeoue ec aeia iee?ioei?o i?e oeeueo?iaaiee
/a?ac iieeia?ioth iaia?aio n aeeaiao?ii ii? aei 0,5 iei. Iaiaoiaeeii
oaeaea iaania/eoue aeaeueiaeooth noa?eeueiinoue aeia ai a?aiy ?iceeaa.
2.4 Iiaeai? oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
2.4.1 Ia?a?aaioea aeiia?aaea
Nai? aeiia?aaea inouanoaeyaony a?o/ioth. Aeinoaaea aeiia?aaea ia
i?aaei?eyoea inouanoaeyaony a?ociauie iaoeiaie, iniauaiiuie eiioaeia?aie
oeia «eiaei/ea» eee AEA-2,8.
O?ainii?o n aeiia?aaeii acaaoeaatho ia aaoiiiaeeueiuo aanao.
Iaeiia?aiaiii i?iecaiaeeony ioai? n?aaeiae i?iau nu?uey aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey eiioeaio?aoeee naoa?ia e oeo?oaiuo eeneio a aeiia?aaea.
Ioai? i?iau inouanoaeytho a?o/ioth eee n eniieueciaaieai noaoeeiia?iiai
i?iaiioai?ieea NIA-1I.
Iinea acaaoeaaiey e ioai?a n?aaeiae i?iau aeiia?aae aua?oaeatho a
i?eaiiua aoiea?u-ieoaoaee. ?aca?ocea inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth oaeae
yeaeo?e/aneeo oeia OYC 512I.
Ia i?aaei?eyoee eniieuecothony oiaeiaua aoiea?u-ieoaoaee oeia
O1-AAO-10-01, iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eioi?uo i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea
2.1.
Oaaeeoea 2.1 – Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aoiea?a-ieoaoaey O1-AAO-10-01
Iaeiaiiaaiea ia?aiao?aCia/aieaI?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, o//an20Oei
aoiea?aAEaeaciaaoiiiueAianoeiinoue, i3, ia iaiaa6Iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue,
eao, ia aieaa1,80I?eaiae (oei iioi?a-?aaeoeoi?a)II-32-50-28
Aeey ae?iaeaiey aeiia?aaea n a?aaiaioaeaeaieai eniieuecothony aaeeiaua
ae?iaeeee-a?aaiaioaeaeeoaee oeia A2-AAeA-20.
Aaeeiaay ae?iaeeea-a?aaiaioaeaeeoaeue A2-AAeA-20 ninoieo ec ae?iaeeee,
a?aaiaioaeaeeoaey, i?eaiieea iacae, eiaeooia e ?aiu, ia eioi?ie
iiioe?othony ana yeaiaiou iaoeiu.
Oaaeeoea 2.2 – Oaoie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea A2-AAeA-20
IieacaoaeeCia/aieyI?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, o//20Ianniaay eiioeaio?aoeey
acaanae a nonea, a/aei3, ia aieaa65Oaaee/aiea ianniaie eiioeaio?aoeee
oaiieueiuo aauanoa a nonea, a/aei3, ia aieaa0,02Ianniaay eiioeaio?aoeey
a iacaa ia?acaeaaeaiiuo yaiae, %, ia aieaa1Iioa?e i?iaeoeoa n a?aaiyie,
%, ia aieaa0,3Oei iioi?a-?aaeoeoi?aII32-40-90-OeOCIiuiinoue i?eaiaea
aaea, eAo3,7Iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue,eAo, ia aieaa2,90Caieiaaiay
ieiuaaeue, i2, ia aieaa3,60Ianna, ea1200Eiyooeoeeaio oaoie/aneiai
eniieueciaaiey, ia iaiaa0,92
Ec ae?iaeeee iacaa iiiaaeaao a iacainai?ieeii, ioeoaea ianinii III-28
ia?aea/eaaaony ia e?aoeia?aiaiiia ianoaeaaiea.
Aa?aaao yeaeo?iianiniue ii?oiaaie III-28 – ai?eciioaeueiue,
iaeiioeeeeiae?iaue, aeaieiiai aeaenoaey, ninoieo ec oeeeeiae?a n
eeaiaiiie ei?iaeie, ii?oiae, eeeii?aiaiiie ia?aaea/e, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
i?eaiaea, e?eaioeiii-oaooiiiai iaoaiecia n i?eaiaeiui oeeaii e
ono?ienoaii aeey ?aaoee?iaaiey iiaea/e. Aa?aaao eiaao neaaeothuea
iieacaoaee: iiaea/o ii aiaea -32 (_+10 %) i3//, iaii? – 25 i, iiuiinoue
yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey – 5,5 eAo e ianno – 580 ea.
I?e ia?aea/ea iacae a iaa aaiaeeony aeeieneae na?u n iiiiuueth
noeueoeoiaeice?othuae onoaiiaee ANAO, ninoiyuae ec aeicaoi?a e aeaoo
noeueoeoaoi?ia. Aeeaiacii aeice?iaie onoaiiaee – (25-250) ia/aei3, ianna
aac aaeeiia – 125 ea.
A ea/anoaa ianoieiiai ?aca?aoa?a iiaeii eniieueciaaoue ethaua aieinoe
ianoieii-a?iaeeeueiiai ioaeaeaiey aeey ?aaiou n iacaie, a eiaiii:
ianoieiua ?aca?aoa?u ec aeiaoaeea aianoeiinoueth 20 e 100 i3 ec
aeiaoaeea, ?aca?aoa?u onoaiiaee A?E-3I. ?aca?ocea ?aca?aoa?ia
inouanoaeyaony iacaiianinii III-28. Iacaa iiaeaaony ia noneiioaeaeaiea
ia noaeaoaee.
Ioaeaeaiea nonea io iacae inouanoaeyaony ia oiaeiaii noaeaoaea
iai?a?uaiiai aeaenoaey ANNO-20Ae, ninoiyuaai ec i?eaiiiai aoiea?a,
oiaea, ae?aie?othuaai eiioo?a, ?aiu, i?eaiaea e ieiuaaeee ianeoaeeaaiey.
Oaaeeoea 2.3 – Oa?aeoa?enoeee noaeaoaey ANNO-20Ae
IieacaoaeeOa?aeoa?enoeeeI?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, o//20Auoiae nonea,
aeae/o52,5 _+ 2,5I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iaoiaeaeaiey iacae a noaeaoaea,
iei12Iiuiinoue yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey,eAo1,1Ianna, ea1250Ianniaay aeiey
acaanae a nonea, %7,0
*anoe/ii iaannoneaiiay iacaa ni noaeaoaey iinooiaao a oiaeiaue i?ann
iai?a?uaiiai aeaenoaey O1-AII-20A, eiino?oeoeey eioi?iai ninoieo ec
caa?oci/iiai aoiea?a, o?ainii?oe?othuaai e i?annothuaai oiaeia n ?aciui
iai?aaeaieai a?auaiey, aeae?i?aaoeyoi?a aeaaeaiey n caii?iui eiionii,
iiaeaeiia aeey nai?a nonea, i?eaiaea e yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiey.
Oaaeeoea 2.4 – Oa?aeoa?enoeee i?anna O1-AII-20A
IieacaoaeeOa?aeoa?enoeeaI?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue,o//20Iaeneiaeueiia
oaeaeueiia aeaaeaiea, IIa1,4Iiuiinoue yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey,eAo13?acia?u,
ii: aeeeia*oe?eia*aunioa4500/1180/1850Auoiae nonea, aeae/o22,5
_+2,5Ianniaay aeiey acaanae, %, ia aieaa11,0
A oeaeii, e?iia ianoieiuo ?aca?aoa?ia, auoaia?a/eneaiiia iai?oaeiaaiea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iioi/ioth eeieth ia?a?aaioee aeiia?aaea ii «aaeiio»
niiniao AIE-20E.
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aeia ioae?aaony nonei-naiioae e nonei 1-ai aeaaeaiey,
ia aieaa 60 aeae/o. Ia?aae ionoaeaaieai nonei ioeaaeaeaaony a iioiea aei
oaiia?aoo?u 10-12 iN a o?oa/aoii oaieiiaiaiieea ia?ee AO2A e
iai?aaeyaony ia ionoaeaaiea a aeaeaciaaoiiiua ?aca?aoa?u. ?aca?aoa?u
ecaioiaeaiu ec aaoiia ia?ee I-150, eiatho i?yiioaieueioth oi?io, ecioo?e
iie?uou niaoeeaeueiui ieuaaui eaeii. Aianoeiinoue 1-ai ?aca?aoa?a – 25
i3.
I?e anao iia?aoeeyo nonei ia?aea/eaaaony oeaio?iaaaeiuie ianinaie ia?ee
AOeI-10 eee AOeI-20 – eiinieueii-iiiiaei/iuie, iaeiinooiai/aouie,
naiiananuaathueie iaoaieciaie, ninoiyueie ec ianina, ananuaathuaai
ono?ienoaa, ?aiu n oaeaaeeie e yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiey. ?aai/aa eieani
ianina – ioe?uoiai oeia.
A?iaeaiea nonea inouanoaeyaony a onoaiiaea AAO-4I, ninoiyuae ec 14-oe
?aca?aoa?ia aianoeiinoueth ii 1000 aeae, iauaaeeiaiiuo ia?aeeaiuie
o?oaaie. A iniiao ?aaiou onoaiiaee caeiaeai i?eioeei nicaeaiey
ia?aiaaeia ecauoi/iiai aeaaeaiey ca n/ao aeeieneaea oaea?iaea,
niinianoaothuaai ia?aoaeaieth nonea ec iaeiiai ?aca?aoa?a a ae?oaie ii
ia?aeeaiui o?oaai. I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue onoaiiaee aeey nooeo aei – 3000
aeae/nooee. Ioeaaeaeaiea a?iaeyuaai nonea inouanoaeyaony «eaaeyiie»
aiaeie n oaiia?aoo?ie 1-2 iN, eioi?ay ioeaaeaeaaony a niaoeeaeueiuo
iiaecaiiuo nai?ieeao e eniieuecoaony ii caieiooiio oeeeeo.
Aeey aeia?aaeeaaiey, inaaoeaiey e o?aiaiey aeiiiaoa?eaeia eniieuecothony
iaoaeee/aneea yiaee?iaaiiua ?aca?aoa?u ?acee/iie aianoeiinoe ia?ee Nyi.
2.4.2 I?iecaiaenoai auaea?aeaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia e ?iceea aeia
Auaea?aeea aeiiiaoa?eaeia inouanoaeyaony a aeoaiauo ai/eao. Ai/ee ec
aeoaa ecaioiaeythony aianoeiinoueth 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400,
450, 500, 550 e 600 aei3. Auai? iauaia ai/ae aeey auaea?aeee caaeneo io
iiiaeo oaeoi?ia. *ai iaiueoa aianoeiinoue ai/ee, oai auno?aa e aeoaaea
i?ioiaeeo ieeneaiea aeia. Iineieueeo i?e auaea?aeea noieiauo aei
aeoaieiai ieeneaiey noieo ecaaaaoue, oeaeaniia?aciae eniieueciaaoue
naiua aieueoea ai/ee aianoeiinoueth 600 aei3, oai aieaa, /oi caaiae
?aniieaaaao oaeeie ai/eaie a aeinoaoi/iuo eiee/anoaao. Aaaa?eoiua
?acia?u ai/ee i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 2.5.
Oaaeeoea 2.5 – ?acia?u aeoaiaie ai/ee
? ai/eeAianoeiinoue, aei3Ia?oaeiua ?acia?u, iiAioo?aiiea aeeaiao?u,
iiAunioa ii ioaanoA ioeaAieiaiieA ioeaO aeiiueaa1060010901010810950797
Ai/ee oe?aieythony noaeueiuie ia?o/aie: 2-iy ooi?iuie, 4-iy oaeiuie e
6-th ioeiauie.
Yaaeecaoeey e ieeaeea aeiiiaoa?eaeia inouanoaeyaony a ?aca?aoa?a ec
ia?aeaaathuae noaee, aa?oeeaeueiii, n eiie/aneei aeieuai e iaoaeeie.
A ea/anoaa oeeueo?iaaeueiuo onoaiiaie eniieuecoaony ieanoei/aoue
oeeueo?-i?ann ia?ee OEI 20-1E-001. A ea/anoaa oeeueo?othuaai yeaiaioa
eniieuecoaony oeeueo?ea?oii eee oeeueo?naeoaoee ec aaeueoeiaa.
Oieioiaiea iaeaoia ieeo i?iecaiaeeony n iiiiuueth ?o/iiai caaeeiiiai
ono?ienoaa eee n iiiiuueth aeae?aaee/aneiai caaeeia.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue i?anna – 900 aeae//, ?acia?u ieeo 600 o 600, ianna
– 2030 ea.
Aeey eiio?ieueiie, iaanieiaeeaathuae oeeueo?aoeee aeiiiaoa?eaeia ia?aae
?iceeaii oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue iaia?aiiue oeeueo?.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai ?acee/iuo onoaiiaie e oeeueo?ia
aeey iaia?aiiie oeeueo?aoeee, iaeaieaa ecaanoiui yaeythony onoaiiaee
oe?iu Padovan TMCI, iiaeaeue Nitor.Iaia?aiiue oeeueo? ono?iai
neaaeothuei ia?acii. Oeeueo?othuea yeaiaiou (iaia?aiu), i?aaenoaaeythuea
ec naay iiiaeanoai oiieeo iieei?iieeaiiauo ii?enouo o?oai/ae aeeaiao?ii
ieiei 2 ii, iiiauaiu a o?oa/aoue ei?ion oeeueo?a aeeaiao?ii ieiei 150
ii. Oeeueo?oaiay aeeaeeinoue ec iaeiieoaeueiie aieinoe n iiiiuueth
ianina iiaeaaony a ei?ion oeeueo?a e n aieueoie nei?inoueth aeaeaaaony
aaeieue iaia?ai. *anoue aeeaeeinoe i?ina/eaaaony neaicue ii?u aioo?ue
iaia?ai. *enoay iooeeueo?iaaiiay aeeaeeinoue niae?aaony eci anao iaia?ai
e ioea/eaaaony ianinii. Aneaaenoaea ionoonoaey aieueoiai ia?aiaaea
aeaaeaiey iaaeaeo aiaoiae e aioo?aiiae noi?iiie iaia?ai ia i?ienoiaeeo
eo cani?aiey. Ianin, ioea/eaathuee iooeeueo?iaaiioth aeeaeeinoue,
ia?eiaee/anee ia?aeeth/aaony ia ianeieueei naeoiae a ?aaa?neaiia
iai?aaeaiea, nicaeaaay aeae?ioaea? a iaia?aia. Ca n/ao yoiai oaa?aeua
/anoe/ee, inaaoea ia iiaa?oiinoe iaia?aiu, neaoatho n iaa e oaeaeathony
iioieii caa?yciaiiie aeeaeeinoe. Eaeao naiii/enoea iaia?ai. Eiaaea
eiioeaio?aoeey acaanae a aeeaeeinoe aeinoeaiao ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?aaeaea,
aa ioi?aaeytho ia oeeueo?aoeeth iau/iui niiniaii.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue oeeueo?a caaeneo io /enea ei?ionia n iaia?aiaie.
Iau/ii n?ie neoaeau iaia?ai ninoaaeyao 6-7 eao, iinea /aai eo iaiytho.
Oaoie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea oeeueo?ia i?aaenoaaeaia a oaae. 2.6.
Oaaeeoea 2.6 – Oa?aeoa?enoeea iaia?aiiuo oeeueo?ia
Iiaeaeue NitorONICONA6ONA9ONA12ONA18Eiee/anoai iiaeoeae3691218Ieiuaaeue
oeeueo?othuae iiaa?oiinoe, i2306090120180I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue aeey
aaeiai nooiai aeia,aeae//120-180240-360360-540480-720720-1080
Iinea iaanieiaeeaathuae eiio?ieueiie oeeueo?aoeee aeiiiaoa?eae ii
iaanieiaeaiiui o?oaii?iaiaeai iiaeaaony a noa?eeueioth iaii?ioth
aieinoue aeey ?iceeaa a aooueee.
Eeiey ?iceeaa ninoieo ec aaoiiaoa aeey ?aca?ocee ionouo aooueie AEA-5A,
aooueeiiia/iie iaoeiu AII-6, ?aceeai/iie iaoeiu A?2I-6, oeoii?i/iiai
aaoiiaoa A2-AOE, A?aea?aaeiuo aaoiiaoia oeia A3-A?E/5, yoeeaoe?iai/iiai
aaoiiaoa AYI, o?ainii?oa?ia yue/iuo A3-A?O-6/3 e aoouei/iuo
o?ainii?oa?ia A2-AO1A.
Aaoiiao aeey ?aca?ocee ionouo aooueie AEA-5A ninoieo ec ei?iona,
aeaaiiai i?eaiaea, aoouei/iiai noiea, aieiaei, ea?aoee, yeaeo?i- e
iiaaiiiai?oaeiaaiey, iaoaiecia ia?aiauaiey yueeia, I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue
aaoiiaoa – aei 600 yueeia a /an.
Aooueeiiia/iay iaoeia AII-6 – ioii/ii-oi?eoeaaaeueiay iaoeia n
ia?eiaee/aneei aeaeaeaieai aooueeiiineoaeae. A ieaeiae /anoe ei?iona
iaoeiu eiathony aeaa aaiiu n uaei/iuie ?anoai?aie. Iaae ieie ?aciauaia
aaiia aeey nai?a uaei/e iinea uaei/iiai oi?eoeaaaiey e aaiiu aeey nai?a
aiaeu iinea oi?eoeaaaiey ai?y/ae e oaieie aiaeie. Ia ei?iona
niiioe?iaaiu i?eaiae iaoeiu, iaoaieciu caa?ocee e aua?ocee aooueie,
oeaie n aooueeiiineoaeyie, a oaeaea ono?ienoaa aeey iiaeia?aaa ?anoai?a
a aaiiao.
Aeey ?iceeaa eniieuecoaony oaniai/iay iaoeia Ae9-A?2I-6
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 6 oun.aoo//, ioiinyuayny e ?aceeai/iui iaoeiai
aa?iiao?e/aneiai oeia e ninoiyuay ec /oaoiiie noaieiu e ea?onaee n
oaniai/iuie ono?ienoaaie eeaiaiiiai oeia, ?iceea a aooueeo
inouanoaeyaony ii iauaio.
Oeoii?i/iay iaoeia A2-AOE i?aaeiacia/aia aeey oeoii?eaaiey aooueie
aianoeiinoueth 0,5 e 0,7 aei3 ei?eiauie i?iaeaie, ninoieo ec noaieiu,
i?eaiaea, noiea iiaea/e e aua?ocee aooueie, oeoii?i/iie ea?onaee,
aoiea?a-ieoaoaey, i?iaeii?iaiaea e aicaeooiaiaea.
A?aea?aaeiay (einiaeoeeiiiay) onoaiiaea A3-A?E/5 yaeyaony onoaiiaeie
eiiaaea?iiai oeia n iiai?ioii aooueee ia 180 i e onoaiiaeie i?ioea
inaaoeoaeueiuo eaii.
Yoeeaoe?iai/iay ea?onaeueiay iaoeia AYI n aa?aaaiiui yoeeaoiia?aiin/eeii
iicaieyao iaeiia?aiaiii iaeeaeaaoue ia aooueeo yoeeaoeo, eiio?yoeeaoeo,
eieuea?aoeo. Aeoeeciay ia?ea iaeeaeaaaony a?o/ioth.
2.5 Aiia?aoo?ii-oaoiieiae/aneay noaia
Aeiia?aae aua?oaeaaony a i?eaiiue aoiea?-ieoaoaeue 1 e oiaeii iiaeaaony
a ae?iaeeeo-a?aaiaioaeaeeoaeue 2. Iacaa ec iacainai?ieea ianinii 3 /a?ac
noeueoeoiaeicaoi? 4 auea/eaaaony a ianoieiue ?aca?aoa? 8. Iinea
ianoaeaaiey iacaa ianinii 4 iiaeaaony ia noneiioaeaeaiea ia noaeaoaeue 5
e ia aeiaeeii/iue i?ann 6. Nonei ianinii 7 /a?ac oaieiiaiaiiee 9a
auea/eaaaony ia inaaoeaiea a ?aca?aoa? 9. Inaaoeaiiia nonei ianinii 7
nieiaaony n inaaeea e iiaeaaony ia a?iaeaiea a onoaiiaeo 10. I?e
inoaoi/iuo naoa?ao 2-3 a/100 ni3 aeiiiaoa?eaeu auea/eaathony a ?aca?aoa?
11 ia aeia?aaeeaaiea e inaaoeaiea. Inaaoeeaoeany aeiiiaoa?eaeu
nieiathony n ae?iaeaeaaiai inaaeea ianinii 7 /a?ac noeueoeoiaeicaoi? 4 a
?aca?aoa?u 11 ia ioaeuo e o?aiaiea. AEeaeeea ae?iaeaee iiaeathony ia
oeeueo?i?ann 14, aaea ioaeeiathony /a?ac aaeueoeia. Iooeeueo?iaaiiua
aeiiiaoa?eaeu yaaeece?othony n iniiaiie ia?oeae, a ieioiua ae?iaeaee
ooeeece?othony.
Noieiaua nooea aeiiiaoa?eaeu ec ?aca?aoa?a 11 ianinii 7 caeeaathony a
ai/ee 13 ia auaea?aeeo. Ai a?aiy auaea?aeee i?iaiaeeony ioe?uoay
ia?aeeaea: ianinii 7 aeiiiaoa?eaeu iiaeathony a ?aca?aoa? 11, ioeoaea
aiiaue caeeaathony a ai/ee 13. *a?ac 3 ianyoea auaea?aeee aeiiiaoa?eaeu
ianinii 7 auea/eaathony a ?aca?aoa? 11 ia n?ie, ia iaiaa 1-ai ianyoea.
Caoai ianinii 7 auea/eaathony a ?aca?aoa? 12 aeey yaaeecaoeee e
ia?aaioee. Ia?aaaouaathuea aauanoaa aioiayony a ?aaeoi?a 26. Iinea
inaaoeaiey aeiiiaoa?eaeu iiaeathony ia oeeueo?i?ann 14 e iiaeathony a
nianeoaeue 24 aeey ia?aaioee i?aia?aoii «Iaoaaoi», iinea /aai
?anea/eaathony a ?aca?aoa? 11 aeey ioaeuoa. Iinea ioaeuoa aeiiiaoa?eaeu
oeeueo?otho /a?ac iaanieiaeeaathuee oeeueo? 15 e iai?aaeytho a iaii?iue
?aca?aoa? 25 aeey ?iceeaa.
ssueee n aooueeaie iinooiatho ii o?ainii?oa?o 23 ia noie aoiiaoa aeey
?aca?ocee aooueie ec yueeia 16. ssueee ioi?aaeythony iiae caa?oceo
iaiieiaiiuie aooueeaie ii o?ainii?oa?o 23, a aooueee ii o?ainii?oa?o 17
iai?aaeythony a aooueeiiia/ioth iaoeio 18. Iinea iieee aooueee
iinooiatho ia einiaeoeeiiiue aaoiiao 21 e a oaniai/iue aaoiiao 19.
Nthaea aea ec iaii?iiai ?aca?aoa?a 25 naiioaeii iinooiaao aeii.
Iaiieiaiiua aooueee ii o?ainii?oa?o 17 iiaeathony a oeoii?i/iue aaoiiao
20, a caoai – a einiaeoeeiiiue aaoiiao 21. Iinea einiaeoeee aooueee
iiaeathony a yoeeaoe?iai/iue aaoiiao 22 e ii o?ainii?oa?o 17 iiaeathony
ia noie 28 aeey iaeeaeaaiey aeoeeciie ia?ee. Ioi?ieaiiua aooueee
iinooiatho ia noie aeey oiaeiaee a yueee 29 , eioi?ua ii yue/iiio
o?ainii?oa?o 23 iai?aaeythony a neeaae aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee aeey
neeaaee?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee.
2.6 I?iaeoeoiaua ?an/aou
2.6.1 ?an/ao iniiaiuo i?iaeoeoia
Iniiaie aeey ?an/aoa neoaeao oaoiieiae/aneay noaia i?iecaiaenoaa, ii?iu
iioa?ue e iooiaeia. ?aeiino?oe?oaiue oeao ioiineony e aoi?e/iiio
aeiiaeaeeth, oi/iaa, e noaaeee auaea?aeee e ia?aaioee aeia aei ?iceeaa.
I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue ?an/ao n o/aoii iioa?ue i?e ?iceeaa aeey
i?aaeeueiiai ?an/aoa iio?aaiinoe a iai?oaeiaaiee.
?an/ao i?iaiaeeony ii oi?ioeai:
N = ( K x 100 ) / (100 – n) [ 1 ]
Y = N – K [ 2 ]
aaea: N – eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoa, iinooiathuaai a iia?aoeeth, aeae
E – eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoa, auoiaeyuaai ec iia?aoeee, aeae
i – ii?ia iioa?ue i?iaeoeoa, %
O – oaueue i?iaeoeoa a aeaiiie iia?aoeee, aeae
?an/ao aaaeaony ia 1000 aeae aioiaiai aeia.
1. Iioa?e i?e o?ainii?oe?iaaiee aooueie n aeiii, i = 0,04 %
N = (1000 o 100) / (100 – 0,04) = 1000,4 aeae;
O = 1000,4 – 1000,0 = 0,4 aeae
2. Iioa?e i?e neeaaeneeo ?aaioao, i = 0,02 %
(1000,4 o 100) / (100 – 0,02) = 1000,6 aeae;
O = 1000,6 – 1000,4 = 0,2 aeae
3. Iioa?e i?e ?iceeaa (ana aeaeu iia?aoeee), i = 0,33 %
(1000,6 o 100) / (100 – 0,33) = 1003,9 aeae;
O = 1003,9 – 1000,6 = 3,3 aeae
4. Iioa?e i?e iaia?aiiie oeeueo?aoeee, i = 0,15 + 0,09 = 0,24 %
(1003,9 o 100) / (100 – 0,24) = 1006,3 aeae;
O = 1006,3 – 1003,9 = 2,4 aeae
5. Iioa?e i?e 10-aeiaaiii o?aiaiee aeiiiaoa?eaeia( i?e 0,002 % a
aeaiue), i = 0,02
(1006,3 o 100) / (100 – 0,02) = 1006,5 aeae;
O = 1006,5 – 1006,3 = 0,2 aeae
6. Iioa?e i?e ia?aaioea i?aia?aoii “Metagum”, i = 0,07+ 0,09+0,06 = 0,22
%
(1006,5 o 100) / (100 – 0,22) = 1008,7 aeae;
O = 1008,7 – 1006,5 = 2,2 aeae
7. Iioa?e i?e oeeueo?aoeee /a?ac oeeueo?-ea?oii, i = 0,07+0,15 = 0,22 %
(1008,7 o 100) / (100 – 0,22) = 1010,9 aeae;
O = 1010,9 – 1008,7 = 2,2 aeae
8. Iioa?e i?e niyoee aeia n inaaeea /a?ac aaeueoeia, i = 0,05+0,07+0,5 =
0,62 %. (0,5 % – iioa?e n ieioiuie inaaeeaie)
(1010,9 o 100) / (100 – 0,62) = 1017,2 aeae
O = 1017,2 – 1010,9 = 6,3 aeae
9. Iioa?e i?e ieeaeea, i = 0,07+0,09+0,07+0,07 = 0,3 %
(1017,2 o 100) / (100 – 0,3) = 1020,3 aeae
O = 1020,3 – 1017,2 = 3,1 aeae
10. Iioa?e i?e ioaeuoa a oa/aiea 1 ian a iaoaeee/aneii ?aca?aoa?a a
iacaiiii iiiauaiee i?e oaiia?aoo?a io 15,1 aei 20 0 N, i = (0,55 : 12) =
0,046 %
(1020,3 o 100) / (100 – 0,046) = 1020,8 aeae
O = 1020,8 – 1020,3 = 0,5 aeae
11. Iioa?e i?e ia?aea/ea ec ai/ae a ?aca?aoa? ia ioaeuo n yaaeecaoeeae,
i = 0,14=0,06 = 0,2 %
(1020,8 o 100) / (100 – 0,2) = 1022,8 aeae
O = 1022,8 – 1020,8 = 2,0 aeae
12. Iioa?e i?e ioe?uoie ia?aeeaea ec ai/ae e ia?aoii, i = 0,14+0,09+0,06
= 0,29 %
(1022,8 o 100) / (100 – 0,29) = 1025,8 aeae
O = 1025,8 – 1022,8 = 3,0 aeae
13. Iioa?e i?e auaea?aeea a ai/eao 3 ian., i = (3,1 : 12) o 3 = 0,78 %
(1025,8 o 100) / (100 – 0,78) = 1033,9 aeae
O = 1033,9 – 1025,8 = 8,1 aeae
14. Iioa?e i?e i?eaiea aeiiiaoa?eaeia a i?iaeoe?oaiue oeao (aeeth/atho
yaaeecaoeeth e ?anea/eo aeiiiaoa?eaeia ii ai/eai), i =
0,07+0,09+0,06+0,07 = 0,29%
(1033,9 o 100) / (100 – 0,29) = 1036,9 aeae
O = 1036,9 – 1033,9 = 3,0aeae
O/eouaay, /oi iauay aianoeiinoue ai/ae ninoaaeyao 5 oun.aeae, e a
oa/aiea aiaea iiaeii o?eaeaeu i?iaanoe auaea?aeeo, iauee auione
i?iaeoeoa ninoaaeo 15 oun.aeae.
Naiaeei iieo/aiiua ?an/aoiua aeaiiua a iauoth oaaeeoeo 2.7
Oaaeeoea 2.7 – Naiaeiue aaeain i?iaeoeoiaiai ?an/aoa
Iia?aoeee ! Iioa?e ia 1000 aeae(aeae) Iioa?e ia aanue auione (aeae) !
______________________________________________________________
N Y N Y
1. Aeiiiaoa?eaeu 1036,9 3,0 15553,5 45,0
ia?aae auaea?aeeie
2. Auaea?aeea a ai/eao 1033,9 8,1 15508,5 121,5
3 Ioe?uoay ia?aeeaea 1025,8 3,0 15387,0 45,0
4. Auea/ea ec ai/ae 1022,8 2,0 15342,0 30,0
5. Ioaeuo 1 ian. 1020,8 0,5 15312,0 7,5
6. Ieeaeea 1020,3 3,1 15304,5 46,5
7. Niyoea n inaaeea 1017,2 6,3 15258,0 94,5
8. Oeeueo?aoeey oiieay 1010,9 2,2 15163,5 33,0
9. Ia?aaioea i?aia?aoii 1008,7 2,2 15130,5 33,0
10.Ioaeuo 10 aeiae 1006,5 0,2 15097,5 3,0
11.Eiio?ieueiay oeeueo?. 1006,3 2,4 15094,5 36,0
12.?iceea n ioi?ieaieai 1003,9 3,3 15058,5 49,5
13.Neeaaee?iaaiea 1000,6 0,2 15009,0 3,0
14.O?ainii?oe?iaaiea 1000,4 0,4 15006,0 6,0
Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey 1000,0 36,9 15000,0 553,5
Iaiaoiaeeii ?ann/eoaoue iio?aaiia eiee/anoai aeiia?aaea aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa 15553,5 aeae noieiauo nooeo aaeuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia ec ni?oa
Aeeaioa.
O/eouaay oi, /oi ieioiua inaaeee ( aouaaua, ae?iaeaee, ieeaeaathuea
aauanoaa) ninoaaeytho ieiei 5% io iauaai iauaia aeiiiaoa?eaeia,
iiaen/eoaai eo eiee/anoai:
15553,5 o 5 / 100 = 777,7 aeae
Oiaaea iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue na?iaeeaoaai nonea: 15553,5+777,7 = 16331,2
aeae
Aeiia?aaea ni?oa Aeeaioa iiiaaeiaeoueny:
16331,2 : 60 = 272,2 oiiiu.
Oicyenoai ?aniieaaaao aeiia?aaeii ni?oa Aeeaioa a eiee/anoaa 1050 oiii.
2.6.2 ?an/ao aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa auaea?aeaiiiai noieiaiai aeia eniieuecothony
aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu, ia?a/eneaiiua a ?acaeaea 1.1.4 aeaiiiai
i?iaeoa.
– iio?aaiia eiee/anoai aaioiieoa ?ann/eouaaai, enoiaey ec n?aaeiae aeicu
2 a/aei3 2 * 10 * 15304,5 = 306090 a = 307 ea
– i?e n?aaeiae aeica aeaeaoeia 0,04 a/aei3 iio?aaiinoue a iai ninoaaeo:
0,04 * 10 * 15304,5 = 6121,8 ia = 6,1 ea
– i?e iaeneiaeueiie aeica iauaai aeeieneaea na?u 200 ia/aei3, iio?aaiia
eiee/anoai ninoaaeo:
200 * 10 * 15304,5 = 30609000 ia = 30,6 ea
– i?aia?ao «Iaoaaoi» eniieuecoaony aeicie 150 ia/aei3, neaaeiaaoaeueii
iio?aaiinoue ninoaaeo:
150 * 10 * 15130,5 = 22695750 ia = 22,7 ea
eiee/anoai oeeueoea?oiia aeey oeeueo?aoeee ?ann/eouaaaony, enoiaey ec
?anoiaea 12 ea/oun. aeae: 12 * 15,1635 = 181,96 = 182 ea
– ?anoiae aaeueoeiaa ?ann/eouaaaony, enoiaey ec ii?iu ?anoiaea 4 iia.i
/oun. aeae e eiee/anoaa oeeueo?oaiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia (15258 aeae) e
aeeaeeeo ae?iaeaeae (1530 aeae): 4 * (15,258 + 1,53) = 67,2 iia.i
I?e ?iceeaa aeia iaiaoiaeeiu neaaeothuea iaoa?eaeu:
– aooueee 0,7 e (ii?ia ?anoiaea 1017 oo/oun.oo), i?e ?iceeaa 15058,5
aeae aoaeao iieo/aii 215122 aoo: 215,1 * 1017 = 218760 aoo.
– i?iaee ei?eiaua eee iieeyoeeaiiaua (ii?ia ?anoiaea 1010 oo/oun.aoo)
215,1 * 1010 = 217250 oo
– yoeeaoee, eieuea?aoee (ii?ia 1007 oo/oun.aoo)
215,1 * 1007 = 216600 oo
– Niaea eaeueoeeie?iaaiiay – 324,5 ea:
-iieea aieinoae (ii?ia 3,7 ea/oun.aeae)
24 * 3,7 = 89 ea
– iieea aooueie (ii?ia 1,095 ea/oun.aoo)
215,1 * 1,095 = 235,5 ea
Ea?oiiiua ei?iaa (ii?ia – ii 12 aoo a ei?iaa)
215100 / 12 = 17925 oo.
2.7 I?aaiecaoeey OOIE iinea ?aeiino?oeoeee
Aeey i?iecaiaenoaa ea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee /?acau/aeii aaaeai
oaoiioeie/aneee e iee?iaeieiae/aneee eiio?ieue ia anao noaaeeyo aa
i?iecaiaenoaa.
I?iaaaeaiea eiio?iey ea/anoaa nu?uey, aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia e
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee inouanoaeyaony a eaai?aoi?ee caaiaea. A ninoaaa
eaai?aoi?ee iaoiaeyony neaaeothuea o/anoee:
– aiaeeoe/aneee;
– iee?iaeieiae/aneee;
– aaniaay;
– iieea;
– eiiiaoa aeey o?aiaiey e ?aaiou n i?aeo?ni?aie;
– eeaaeiaay oeie/aneie iinoaeu e ?aaeoeaia.
Caaea/ae iee?iaeieiae/aneiai eiio?iey yaeyaony iaania/aiea
iee?iaeieiae/aneie /enoiou i?iecaiaenoaa: iinoiyiiue iee?iaeaeueiue
eiio?ieue anaai oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey, nu?uey e
aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia; ia?u ii i?ioeeaeoeea e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth
ca?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaa iee?ioei?ie, ?ac?aaioea e i?iaaaeaiea
ia?ii?eyoee ii eeeaeaeaoeee aiciiaeiuo iee?iaeaeueiuo caa?yciaiee.
Iniiaiie caaea/ae oeie/aneiai eiio?iey yaeyaony onoaiiaeaiea
niioaaonoaey oeie/aneeo iieacaoaeae i?iaa?yaiiai iauaeoa o?aaiaaieyi
niioaaonoaothueo ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioia. *anoioa eiio?iey oaeaea
onoaiaaeeaaaony yoeie aeieoiaioaie.
Noaia eiio?iey noieiaiai auaea?aeaiiiai aeia «Aeeaioa» i?aaenoaaeaia a
oaaeeoea 2.8.
aaeeoea 2.8 – Noaia eaai?aoi?iiai eiio?iey i?iecaiaenoaa
? i/iIauaeo eiio?ieyIanoi eiio?ieyEiio?iee?oaiue ia?aiao?Cia/aiey
ia?aiao?aIi?iaoeaiue aeieoiaio1234561Aeiiiaoa?eaeu,niyoua n ae?iaeaeae,
aei auaea?ae-eeAieinoue aeey o?a-iaieyIau?iiay aeiey yoe-eiaiai nie?oa,
%
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey naoa?ia,
a/100 ni3, ia aieaa
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey oeo?oaiuo eeneio, a/aei3
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey eaoo/eo een-eio,a/aei3,ia aieaa
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey aeaeaca,ia/aei3
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey iauae na?-ienoie eeneiou,
ia/aei3,ia aieaa
Iee?iaeieiae/aneia ninoiyiea10,5-13,0
0,3
5,0-7,0
1,2
Oaeoe/aneay
200
Oaeoe/aneiaAINO 13191
AINO 13192
AINO 14252
AINO 13193
AINO 13195
AINO 14351
EE 10-04-05-402Aeiiiaoa?eaeu ia au-aea?aeeaAi/ee
aeoaiauaIee?iaeieiae/aneia ninoiyiea
A?iiao, aeon
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueOaeoe/aneia
Oeie/iua
Ia iaiaa 3-o ianyoeaaEE10-04-05-40
I?aaiieaioe/anee
3Aeiiiaoa?eaeu ia io-aeuoaAieinoe aeey
o?aiaieyAna iieacaoaee ni-aeanii i.1, e?iia:
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey aeaeaca,ia/aei3
Neeiiiinoue e iiioo-iaieyi
3,0-15,0
Ii aeaenoao-thuae iaoi-aeeea
AINO 131954Aeiiiaoa?eaeu iinea ia?aaioie ia?aae ?icee-aiiAieinoue aeey
o?aiaieyIanniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey aeaeaca,ia/aei3
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey na?ienoie eeneiou,ia/aei3, ia aieaa:
iauae
naiaiaeiie
?iceeainoieeinoue
Ianniaay eiioeaio-
?aoeey i?eaaaeaiiiai yeno?aeoa,a/aei3, ia iaiaa
Inoaeueiua iieacaoa-ee-ii i.1 yoie oaa-eeoeu
3,0-15,0
200
20
?iceeainoie-eee
18,0AINO 13195
AINO 26928
AINO 14351
Ii iaoiaeeea
AINO 14251
5Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeeyAooueee, eaaeaeay ia?oey Iau?iiay aeiey yoe-eiaiai
nie?oa, %
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey naoa?ia,
a/100 ni3, ia aieaa
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey oeo?oaiuo eeneio, a/aei3
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey eaoo/eo een-eio,a/aei3,ia aieaa
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey aeaeaca,ia/aei3
Ianniaay eiioeaio-?aoeey na?ienoie eeneiou, ia/aei3,ia aieaa, iauae,
naiaiaeiie
Iee?iaeieiae/aneia ninoiyiea
?iceeainoieeinoue
Oeaao,a?iiao,aeon10,0-13,0
0,3
5,0-7,0
1,2
3,0-15,0
200
20
Caei?iaia
?iceeainoie- eia
Niaeanii oaae.1.4AINO 13191
AINO 13192
AINO 14252
AINO 13193
AINO 13195
AINO 14351
EE 10-04-05-40
Ii iaoiaeeea
Ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo oaoiioeie/aneiai, iee?iaeieiae/aneiai e
i?aaiieaioe/aneiai eiio?iey eaai?aoi?ey aeaao ?ac?aoaiea ia ?iceea
i?iaeoeoeee eee aa aei?aaioeo.
3. Eiaeaia?ii-oaoiieiae/aneea ?an/aou
3.1 ?an/aou oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
?an/ao iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey aaaeai ii
oi?ioea:
O = Q * Ki/(q * ? * M * n),
aaea Q – eiee/anoai ia?a?aaaouaaaiiai aeiia?aaea, o/nacii;
Ki – eiyooeoeeaio ia?aaiiia?iinoe iinooieaiey aeiia?aaea;
q – i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue iaoeiu, o//;
o – i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae niaiu, /;
M – eiee/anoai ?aai/eo aeiae a nacii, noo;
n – /enei ?aai/eo niai a nooee.
Aeey ia?a?aaioee 272 o aeiia?aaea iaiaoiaeeii iai?oaeiaaiey:
– Aoiea?- ieoaoaeue O1-AAO-10-01
O = 272 * 1,4/(20 * 10 * 4 * 1) = 0,476 = 1 oo
– Aaeeiaay ae?iaeeea – a?aaiaioaeaeeoaeue AAeA – 20
O = 272 * 1,4/(20 * 10 * 4 * 1) = 0,476 = 1 oo.
– Noaeaoaeue ANNO-20
O = 240 * 1,4/(20 * 10 * 4 * 1) = 0,42 = 1 oo.
– I?ann aeiaeeii/iue oiaeiaue O1-AII-20A:
O = 140 * 1,4/(20 * 10 * 4 * 1) = 0,245 = 1 oo.
Oaeei ia?acii, iaiaoiaeeii 1 eeiey ia?a?aaioee ii «aaeiio» niiniao
AIE-20E.
O?ainii?oa? ne?aaeiaiai oeia, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 12,5 i3//,
auae?aai a eiee/anoaa 2 aaeeieoe – aeey o?ainii?oe?iaee auaeeiee e
a?aaiae.
Aeey nai?a nonea e iacae onoaiaaeeaaai noneinai?ieee e iacainai?ieee «ii
ianoo».
Aeey iiaea/e iacae ia ianoaeaaiea, a caoai ia noaeaoaeue auae?aai
ii?oiaaie ianin ia?ee III – 28 i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 32 i3//.
240 o * 2 = 480 o = 480 i3.
O = 480 x 1,4/ (32 *10 * 5 * 1) = 0,420 = 1 oo
I?eieiaai eiee/anoai ianinia a eiee/anoaa 2 aaeeieoe ii ii?iai
i?iaeoe?iaaiey.
Aeey iiaea/e nonea ia inaaoeaiea auae?aai oeaio?iaaaeiue ianin ia?ee
AOeI – 10, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 10 i3//.
?an/ao eiee/anoaa ianinia aeey ia?aea/eaaiey nonea.
Auoiae nonea i?eieiaai 60 aeae/o, anaai nonea iieo/eony:
60 o 270 =16200 aeae eee 162 i3
O = 162 x 1,4/ (10 *10 * 50 * 1) =0,045 = 1 oo.
?an/ao iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa ?aca?aoa?ia i?iaiaeei ii oi?ioea:
N=Q/(V x x Eia),
Aaea: Q – eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoa, eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaa?aiooue
oaoiieiae/aneie iia?aoeee, aeae;
V – aianoeiinoue eee iieiue iauai aiia?aoa, ?aca?aoa?a, aeae;
– eiyooeoeeaio caiieiaiey ?aca?aoa?a eee aiia?aoa;
Eia – eiyooeoeeaio iai?ioa. Eia=t1/t2 ,
aaea: t1 – /enei ?aai/eo aeiae ca aanue ia?eiae ?aaiou, noo;
t2 – i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iaeiiai oeeeea
– Ianoaeaaiea iacae
Eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey ?aca?aoa?ia i?e ianoaeaaiee iacae 0,8
240 / (30 * 0,8 * 5/1) = 2 ?aca?aoa?a
– Ionoaeaaiea
Eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey ?aca?aoa?ia i?e ionoaeaaiee 0,9.
16200 / ( 2500 x 0,9 x 4/1 ) = 1,8 = 2
– A?iaeaiea
Eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey ?aca?aoa?ia i?e a?iaeaiee 0,8.
16200 / ( 14000 x 0,8 x 6 ) = 0,241 = 1 onoaiiaea AAO-4I
– Aeia?aaeeaaiea
16200 / ( 2000 x 0,8 x 5 ) = 2,03 = 3 oo
Aeey aeia?aaeeaaiey i?eieiaai ?aca?aoa?u aianoeiinoueth 2000 aeae. ia?ee
NYi-20-31-AI
– Auaea?aeea
?an/ao iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa ai/ae aeey auaea?aeee
I?e auaea?aeea: f = 1, K = 3 (o?e oeeeea ii 3 ianyoea)
N = 15553,5 / ( 60 o 1 o 3) = 84 oo
I?eieiaai 84 ai/ee aeey auaea?aeee aeiiiaoa?eaeia.
?an/ao iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa ?aca?aoa?ia aeey o?aiaiey
aeiiiaoa?eaeia:
I?eieiaai, /oi a oeaoo aeieaeia o?aieoueny oioy au iieiaeia anao
aeiiiaoa?eaeia iaeiia?aiaiii, e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue oeeeea = 1,5,
N = 15342,0 / 2000 o 1 o 1,5 = 5,1 = 6 ?aca?aoa?ia ii 2000 aeae.
Iaeiaei aeey ooiaea ca noieiauie aeiiiaoa?eaeaie iio?aaia aieaa iaeeay
oa?a, iiyoiio aiinei neaaeothuea ei??aeoeau:
6 ?aca?aoa?ia aianoeiinoueth 2000 aeae ia?ee Nyi 20;
1 ?aca?aoa? aianoeiinoueth 1000 aeae ia?ee Nyi 10;
1 ?aca?aoa? aianoeiinoueth 1500 aeae ia?ee Nyi 16
?an/ao ?aca?aoa?ia aeey yaaeecaoeee, oaoiieiae/aneie ia?aaioee (ieeaeee
e noaaeeecaoeee i?ioea e?enoaeee/aneeo iiiooiaiee) aeiiiaoa?eaeia.
Ana ia?a/eneaiiua iia?aoeee i?iaiaeei a iaeiii ?aca?aoa?a, niaaaeaiiii
iaoaeeie. Eiyooeoeeaio caiieiaiey = 0,8.
?ann/eoaai Eia.: ia?aaioeo i?iaiaeei 9 ian., /enei ?aai/eo aeiae a ian.
= 20,
oeeee ?aaiou aiia?aoa aoaeao ?aaai noiia i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe ieeaeee =
15 noo e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe ia?aaioee i?aia?aoii «Metagum»- 3 nooeai,
anaai 18 nooie:
E = (9 o 20) / 18 = 10; N = 15304,5 / (3950 o 0,8 o 10) = 0,481 = 1 oo
I?eieiaai ?aca?aoa? A9-EAI aianoeiinoueth 48 i3, niaaaeaiiue iaoaeeie e
?oaaoeie aeey oa?ii?aaoeyoeee i?ioeannia.
?an/ao oeeueo?aoeeiiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey
Aeey ioaeaeaiey ia?aaioaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia io eeaaauo inaaeeia /a?ac
oeaiue aaeueoeia e aeey oiieie oeeueo?aoeee /a?ac oeeueo?ea?oii
eniieuecoai ?aiiue oeeueo?i?ann ia?ee OEI i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 900
aeae//, ?aai/eo aeiae-15, aeeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae niaiu – 7/, /enei niai
– 1, eiee/anoai oeeueo?oaiuo i?iaeoeoia: aeaieiay oeeueo?aoeey
aeiiiaoa?eaeia e oeeueo?aoeey aeeaeeeo ae?iaeaeae (1520 aeae):
N = (15304,5 o 2 + 1520) / (900 o 0,9 o 15 o 7 o 1) = 0,377 = 1 oo
I?eieiaai ?aiiue oeeueo?i?ann ia?ee OEI 20
?an/ao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe iaia?aiiiai oeeueo?a aeey iaanieiaeeaathuae
oeeueo?aoeee.
I?eieiaai, /oi iaanieiaeeaathuay oeeueo?aoeey yaeyaony iaeiia?aiaiii
eiio?ieueiie ia?aae iiaea/ae aeia ia ?iceea.
__ I?eieiaai /enei ?aai/eo aeiae – 7, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae
niaiu – 7 /, eiee/anoai ?aai/eo niai – 1:
N = 15094.5 / (360 o 0,9 o 7 o 7 o 1) = 0,950 = 1 oo
Eniieuecoai iaia?aiiue oeeueo? ia?ee OAA – 9.
?an/ao eiee/anoaa ianinia
?an/ao i?iaiaeei enoiaey ec eiee/anoaa aeiiiaoa?eaeia, /enea ia?aea/ae,
eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo aeiae, niai e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe niaiu.
?ann/eoaai iauaa eiee/anoai ia?aea/ae:
– ec ?aca?aoa?ia a ai/ee ia auaea?aeeo – 1
– ec ai/ae a ?aca?aoa?u e ia?aoii (ioe?uoay ia?aeeaea) – 2
– ec ai/ae a ?aca?aoa? aeey yaaeecaoeee – 1
– ec ?aca?aoa?a a aieinoe ia o?aiaiea – 1
– ec aieinoae ia ia?aaioeo – 1
– n ia?aaioee ia ia oiieoth oeeueo?aoeeth – 1
– ec aieinoae ia ia?aaioeo i?aia?aoii – 1
– ?aca?aiia ia?aea/eaaiea – 1
Eoiai: – 10
N = (15553, o 10) / (1000 o 0,7 o 10 o 7 o 1) = 1,58 = 2 oo
Eniieuecoai 2 oeaio?iaaaeiuo ianina AOeI 10 (1 – a ioaeaeaiee
auaea?aeee, 1 – a ioaeaeaiee oaiaiey e ia?aaioee aeiiiaoa?eaeia).
Iiaeai? iai?oaeiaaiey aeey i?eaioiaeaiey ieeaeaathueo aauanoa.
Eniieuecoai ?aaeoi? E4-AOA-5 aianoeiinoueth 500 aeae, niaaaeaiiue
yei?iie iaoaeeie e ?oaaoeie aeey iiaea/e ia?a – 1 oo.
Aeey ?iceeaa aeia eniieuecoai eeieth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth 6
oun.aoo//, ninoiyuoth ec aiia?aoia, enoiaeiua aeaiiua eioi?uo i?eaaaeaiu
a oaaeeoea niaoeeoeeaoeee iai?oaeiaaiey.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey iai?oaeiaaiey e aieinoae i?aaenoaaeaia a oaaeeoea 3.1.
3.2 Yia?aaoe/aneea ?an/aou
Iniiaiuie iio?aaeoaeyie yeaeo?iyia?aee ia caaiaea yaeythony:
oaoiieiae/aneia iai?oaeiaaiea, i?eioaeeoaeueiay aaioeeyoeey e eaiiu
inaauaiey.
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee oaoiieiae/aneei iai?oaeiaaieai
Ii?aaeaeyai iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee i?e i?iecaiaenoaa 15000 aeae aeia
nooiai auaea?aeaiiiai. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii ?ann/eoaoue a?aiy ?aaiou
eaaeaeiai aeaea iai?oaeiaaiey, eniieuecoaiiai i?e i?iecaiaenoaa aeia.
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey /aniaiai ?anoiaea yeaeo?iyia?aee i?iaiaeei ?an/ao ii
oi?ioea:
E = (M * N) / I,
aaea: A – iio?aaeyaiay yeaeo?iyia?aey, eAo;
I – iauai i?iaeoeoa ia iia?aoeeth, aeae eee o;
N – iiuiinoue yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey, eAo;
I – i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue iai?oaeiaaiey, aeae// eee o//
?an/ao iio?aaeaiey yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey ia?ae/iiai aeiiaeaeey
Ii?aaeaeyai cao?aou yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey eeiee ia?a?aaioee aeiia?aaea
AIE-20E. A?aiy ?aaiou eeiee ii?aaeaeyai ii oi?ioea:
O = I / I = 272 / 20 = 13,6 /
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee: (272 * 31) / 20 = 421,9 eAo
Eiee/anoai ianinia i?e ?aaioa n noneii – 1 ianin AOeI-10. Eiee/anoai
ia?aea/ae anaai iauaia nonea – 4 e iaeia caianiay ia?aea/ea – 5, iauai
ia?aea/eaaaiiai nonea – 16200 aeae eee 162 i3, oiaaea:
O = (162 * 5) / 10 = 81 /;
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee ninoaaeo: (162 * 5) * 2,2 / 10 = 178,2 eAo
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee a?iaeeeueiie onoaiiaeie AAO-4I:
A?aiy ?aaiou onoaiiaee ?ann/eouaaai, enoiaey ec aa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe
3000 aeae/nooee: O = 16200 / 3000 = 5,4 noo. eee 129,6 /
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee ninoaaeo: (16200 * 11) / 3000 = 59,4 eAo
?an/ao iio?aaeaiey yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey aoi?e/iiai aeiiaeaeey:
– ?aca?aoa?u-nianeoaee, eniieuecothony 2 ?aca?aoa?a iauei iauaiii (40 +
16) = 56 i3. ?aca?aoa?u eniieuecothony 2 ?aca, a?aiy ?aaiou iaoaeee
i?eieiaai a n?aaeiai 4 /ana. Eiee/anoai oeeeeia caa?ocee ?aca?aoa?ia:
150 * 2 / 56 = 5,4
Iauaa a?aiy eniieueciaaiey: O = 5,4 * 4 =21,6 /
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee ninoaaeo: (150 * 1) / 56 =2,7 eAo
– ianinu oeaio?iaaaeiua AOeI-10 aeey ia?aea/ee aeiiiaoa?eaeia:
Ec ?an/aoia iai?oaeiaaiey (i. 3.1) neaaeoao, /oi iio?aaiia eiee/anoai
ia?aea/ae 10, oiaaea a?aiy O = (150 *10) / (10 * 2) = 75 /.
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee 2-iy ianinaie ninoaaeo: (150 * 10 * 4,4) / 10
= 660 eAo
– oeeueo?i?ann OEI 20 aeey oeeueo?aoeee aeeaeeeo ae?iaeaeae e
aeiiiaoa?eaeia:
iauee iauai oeeueo?oaiuo iaoa?eaeia – 32129 aeae, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue
i?anna 900 aeae//, oiaaea O = 32129 / 900 = 35,7 /.
Iio?aaeaiea yeaeo?iyia?aee ninoaaeo: (32129 * 2,2) / 900 = 78,5 eAo
– iaia?aiiue oeeueo? aeey eiio?ieueiie oeeueo?aoeee aeiiiaoa?eaeia:
O = 15094,5 / 350 = 43,1 /; A = (15094,5 *2,5) / 350 = 107,8 eAo
– eeiey ?iceeaa aeia, aeeth/ay o?ainii?oa?u eiaao iauoth
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue 6000 aoo//, iauee auione aooueie ninoaaeo 215,1
oun.oo,
O = 215100 / 6000 = 36 /;
A = O * 31
noiia?iay iiuiinoue iai?oaeiaaiey – 31,85 eAo:,85 = 1146,6 eAo
Iieo/aiiua aeaiiua naiaeei a oaaeeoeo 3.2.
Oaaeeoea 3.2 – ?anoiae yeaeo?iyia?aee ia ?aaioo iai?oaeiaaiey
Iaeiaiiaaiea iai?oaeiaaieyNoiia?iay iiuiinoue, eAoI?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
?aaiou, /Iio?aaeaiiay ye/yi.,eAo Ia?ae/iia aeiiaeaeea: 659,5-eeiey
AIE-20E31,013,6421,9-ianin AOeI-102,281,0178,2-onoaiiaea
AAO-4I11,0129,659,4Aoi?e/iia
aeiiaeaeea:1995,6-?aca?aoa?u-nianeoaee1,021,62,7-ianin
AOeI-104,475,0660,0-oeeueo?-i?ann OEI2,235,778,5-iaia?aiiue
oeeueo?2,543,1107,8-eeiey ?iceeaa31,036,01146,6Anaai:2655,1
I?eieiaai i?ioeaio iao/oaiiie yeaeo?iyia?aee ?aaiui 15 %, oiaaea iauaa
noiia?iia iio?aaeaiea ninoaaeo 3053,4 eAo, a oii /enea a ia?ae/iii
aeiiaeaeee – 758,4 eAo e ai aoi?e/iii – 2295,0 eAo.
?an/ao iio?aaiinoe a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey inaauaiey oeaoia
Ieiuaaeue ?aeiino?oe?oaiiai oeaoa – 900 i2, aunioa – 12 i, aunioa
iiaeaanee naaoeeueieeia – 6 – 8 i, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae niaiu –
8 /, eiee/anoai niai – 1.
Ii o?aaiaaieth e inaauaiiinoe iiiauaiey ioiinyony e a?oiia, ia
o?aaothuae aieueoie oi/iinoe i?e auiieiaiee iia?aoeee, iiyoiio i?eieiaai
inaauaiiinoue – 150 ee. Onoaiaaeeaaai eaiiu aeiaaiiai naaoa EAe-40.
Eiee/anoai eaii iaoiaeei ii oi?ioea ii?aaeaeaiey naaoiaiai iioiea:
F = (e * S * K * z) / u * n, aaea
e – iaiaoiaeeiay inaauaiiinoue, ee;
S – ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey, i2;
K – eiyooeoeeaio caiana = 1,5;
Z – iii?aai/iue eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee ia?aaiiia?iinoue inaauaiey;
u – eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey naaoiaiai iioiea;
n – iaiaoiaeeiia eiee/anoai eaii, oo;
F – naaoiaie iioie 1-ie eaiiu.
Enoiaey ec oi?ioeu naaoiaiai iioiea, eiee/anoai eaii i ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea:
i = (a * S * K *z) / u * F;
Z = (a * b) / Hp * (a + b), aaea
a e b – niioaaonoaaiii aeeeia e oe?eia iiiauaiey, i;
I? – aunioa iiaeaanee naaoeeueieea, i
Z oeaoa auaea?aeee, iia/iiai ioaeaeaiey e neeaaea = (12 * 12) / 6 * (12
+ 12) = 1,0;
-«- oeaoa ia?aaioee = (18 * 12) / 8 * (12 + 18) = 0,9;
-«- oa?iiai neeaaea = (12 * 6) / 6 * (12 + 6) = 0,72;
-«- oeaoa ?iceeaa = (30 * 6) / 8 * (30 + 6) = 0,63
I?eieiaai eiyooeoeeaio io?aaeaiey naaoiaiai iioiea io iioieea = 50 %, io
noai – 30 %. I?e oaeeo oneiaeyo e = 42 %.
Naaoiaie iioie aeey eaii EAe-40 ninoaaeyao 1960, oiaaea eiee/anoai eaii
aeey inaauaiey ii oeaoai ninoaaeo:
– aeey oeaoa auaea?aeee, iia/iiai ioaeaeaiey e neeaaea, i = (150 * 432 *
1,5 *1,0) / 1960 *1,42 = 35 oo;
– aeey oeaoa ia?aaioee: i = (150 * 216 * 1,5* 0,9) / 1960 * 1,42 = 16
oo;
– aeey oa?iiai neeaaea: i = (150 * 72 * 1,5 * 0,72) / 1960 * 1,42 = 5
oo;
– aeey oeaoa ?iceeaa: i = (150 * 180 * 1,5 * 0,63) / 1960 * 1,42 = 10
oo
Iauaa eiee/anoai eaii ninoaaeo 66 oo. Iineieueeo a 1 naaoeeueieea 2
eaiiu, /enei naaoeeueieeia = 33 oo.
Ii?aaeaeyai nooi/iue ?anoiae yeaeo?iyia?aee ia inaauaiea: i?e
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe inaauaiey 8 /ania e iiuiinoe eaii 40 Ao:
33 * 8 * 40 / 1000 = 10,6 eAo/noo
A oa/aiea aiaea ia inaauaiea iiiaaeiaeony: 10,6 * 250 = 2650 eAo
Anaai ?anoiae yeaeo?iyia?aee ninoaaeo: 2650 + 3053,4 = 5703,4 eAo
3.3 ?an/ao aiaeu, ia?a e oaieiaua ?an/aou
Aiaeiniaaaeaiea
Aeiiaeaeue/aneea caaiaeu yaeythony e?oiiuie iio?aaeoaeyie aiaeu
ieoueaaie e oaoie/aneiai iacia/aiey. Aiaea ?anoiaeoaony ia
oaoiieiae/aneea ioaeaeu, iai?eia?, ia iieeo iai?oaeiaaiey, iieia,
iiaeaioiaeo iaeioi?uo aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, i?iaaaeaiea
eaai?aoi?iuo aiaeecia; ia iieea oa??eoi?ee, ia oicyenoaaiii-auoiaua
iio?aaiinoe e o.i.
I?iaeoe?iaaiea aiaeii?iaiaeia ia/eiaaony n ii?aaeaeaiey ?an/aoiiai
eiee/anoaa aiaeu, eioi?ia iaoiaeeony ii ii?iai aiaeiiio?aaeaiey.
?an/ao aiaeu ia ieoueaaua ioaeaeu ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
Qnut = K * N * g * L * n , aaea
K – eiyooeoeeaio /aniaie ia?aaiiia?iinoe iio?aaeaiey aiaeu = 3;
N – /enei ?aaioathueo a niaio = 10 /ae;
g – ii?ia iio?aaeaiey = 25 e//ae.*niaio;
L –eiee/anoai ?aai/eo aeiae a aiaeo = 250;
n –eiee/anoai niai = 1
Q = 3 * 10 * 25 * 250 * 1 = 187500 e = 188 i3
?an/ao iio?aaiinoe a aiaea ia iieueciaaiea aeooaauie:
Qaeoo = g * a * 0.75 * N * L, aaea
a – eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee eiee/anoai ?aaioathueo aeooaauo = 1;
g – ii?ia ?anoiaea aiaeu ia 1 aeooaaoth naoeo = 200 e//;
0,75 – eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee oaeoe/aneia a?aiy ?aaiou aeooaauo
naoie i?e ii?ia 45 iei;
Q = 200 * 1 * 0,75 * 10 * 250 = 376000 e = 376 i3 (188 i3 – oieiaeiie e
188 i3 ai?y/ae aiaeu).
?anoiae aiaeu ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiua ioaeaeu ii?aaeaeyaony aa ?anoiaeii ia
ioaeaeueiua oaoiieiae/aneea iia?aoeee e iieeo iai?oaeiaaiey e iiiauaiee.
Iineieueeo ?aeiino?oeoeey cao?aaeaaao aoi?e/iia aeiiaeaeea, oi aa?ai
ecaanoiua oeeo?u ii ?anoiaeo aiaeu ia ia?a?aaioeo aeiia?aaea:
– ?anoiae aiaeu ia 1 aeae aua?iaeaiiuo aeiiiaoa?eaeia ninoaaeo 0,03 i3,
oiaaea ia 15553,5 aeae ?anoiae ninoaaeo 466 i3, ec ieo ii 233 i3 ai?y/ae
e oieiaeiie aiaeu;
– ?anoiae aiaeu ia auaea?aeeo, ia?aaioeo e ?iceea aeia ninoaaeyai
iiiia?aoeeiiii, ?acoeueoaou naiaeei a oaaeeoeo 3.3.
Oaaeeoea 3.3 – Ii?iu ?anoiaea aiaeu ia ia?aaioeo e ?iceea aeia
Iia?aoeeyIi?ia ?anoiaea aiaeu, i3Eiee/ano- ai ia?aa.Iauai ia?aa,i3Eie-ai
iai?oae.Anaai ?anoiae aiaeu, i3oieiae- iieai?y/aeoieiae-
iieai?y/aeIieea:
-ai/ae
aieinoae
i?annia
ianinia
aaoiiaoia eeiee ?iceeaa
o?ainii?- oa?ia
-aooueie
0,8
0,6
0,9
0,16
0,6
0,5
1,0
0,6
0,5
0,7
0,16
0,6
0,4
0,9
4
5
10
50
50
50
3
0,6
19,6
0,0007
84
10
2
3
7
5
220000
161,3
588,0
18,0
24,0
210,0
125,0
462,0
121,0
490,0
14,0
24,0
210,0
100,0
378,0Anaai: 1588,3 1337,0
Iauee ?anoiae aiaeu naaaeai a oaaeeoeo 3.4
Oaaeeoea 3.4 – Iauaa iio?aaeaiea aiaeu ia i?iecaiaenoai aeia
Iai?aaeaiea eniieueciaaiey Oieiaeiay aiaea, i3Ai?y/ay aiaea, i3Ieoueaaua
ioaeaeu188,0Aeooaaua188,0188,0Ia?a?aaioea aeiia?aaea233,0233,0Ia?aaioea
e ?iceea1588,31337,0Anaai:2464,31758,0
Noiia?iue ?anoiae aiaeu ninoaaeo 4222,3 i3.
N?aaeianooi/iue ?anoiae aiaeu = 4222,3 / 250 = 16,9 i3/noo.
?an/ao ?anoiaea ia?a
?anoiae ia?a aoaeao neeaaeuaaoueny ec cao?ao ia?a ia iaa?aaaiea aiaeu e
ia ia?eo ai/ae. Ia oaoiieiae/aneea ioaeaeu aiaea iiaeia?aaaaony aei 65
iN i?e ia/aeueiie oaiia?aoo?a aiaeu 12 iN. ?anoiae ia?a ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea:
D = (G * C (tk – tn) / (in – Ik), aaea:
G – eiee/anoai ai?y/ae aiaeu, ea
C – oaieiaieinoue aiaeu = 4,19
tk – eiia/iay oaiia?aoo?a aiaeu, iN
tn – ia/aeueiay oaiia?aoo?a aiaeu, iN
ik – oaieiniaea?aeaiea eiiaeainaoa = 428,6 eAeae/ea
in – oaieiniaea?aeaiea ia?a = 2687 eAeae/ea
Ae = (1758000 * 4,19 *(65 – 12) / (2687 – 428,6) = 172865 ea
Ia?eo ai/ae i?iaiaeei ia?aae caeeaii e iinea eaaeaeiai oeeeea auaea?aeee
aeia, o.a. 4 ?aca. ?anoiae ia?a – 1,4 ea/ i3, neaaeiaaoaeueii:
Aeai/ = 1,4 * 4 * 0,6 * 84 = 285,0 ea
Iauee ?anoiae ia?a ninoaaeo 173150 ea
?an/ao cao?ao oieiaea
Cao?aou oieiaea neeaaeuaathony ec ?anoiaea oieiaea ia ioeaaeaeaiea nonea
ia?aae ionoaeaaieai e i?e a?iaeaiee. Iineieueeo nieaeaiea oaiia?aoo?u
nonea a iaieo i?ioeannao aoaeao ninoaaeyoue i?eia?ii 8 iN, oi i?e
?an/aoao iu oaeaaeaaai eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoa. Ii?aaeaeyai iio?aaiinouea
oieiaea ii oi?ioea:
Q = 2 (C * Vc* d * p * K) / 1000, aaea:
C – oaieiaieinoue 1 e nonea = 3,96
Vc – iauai nonea, e
P – ieioiinoue nonea, a/ni3
D – niaea?aeaiea nooeo aauanoa a nonea, %
K – noaiaiue na?aaeeaaiey nonea = 0,5
Q = 2 *(3,96 * 163000 * 19 * 1,078 * 0,5) / 1000 = 13221,0 eAeae
4. Eiiiiiiaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeaoa
4.1 Ieaie?iaea e ?aciauaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey
Oa?aeoa?enoeea caaiaeneeo nii?oaeaiee
Iauay ieiuaaeue oa??eoi?ee caaiaea – 8 aa. Caeanue ?aniieiaeaiu
neaaeothuea caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey: aeaa aaniaua, ae?iaeeueii-i?anniaia
ioaeaeaiea n 12-th eeieyie ia?a?aaioee aeiia?aaea, o?e oeaoa ia?aaioee e
o?aiaiey aeiiiaoa?eaeia, oeao iaaea?ecaoeee e oa?aniaaiey,
nie?oio?aieeeua n i?eaiiui ioaeaeaieai, oeao ooeeecaoeee e nie?oieo?aiey
n 2-iy aeenoeeeyoeeiiiuie eieiiiaie, oeao auaea?aeee eiiuey/iuo nie?oia,
iaoianoa?neay n eiii?anni?iie, a?aaee?iy, eioaeueiay, o?ainoi?iaoi?iay
iiaenoaioeey, no?ieoaeueiue o/anoie, aa?aaee, iiaea?iia aeaii, neeaae,
aaeieiei?ion, i?ioiaeiay.
Eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey oa??eoi?ee – 65 %, caeaiua ianaaeaeaiey – 15
%, i?iacaeu, ioe?uoua ?aai/ea ieiuaaeee – 20 %.
A iniiaa aaia?aeueiiai ieaia aeicaaiaea eaaeeo noaia oaoiieiae/aneiai
i?ioeanna. O/oaiu naieoa?iua iniaaiiinoe ioaeaeueiuo iauaeoia e iaee/ea
i?ioeaiiiaea?iuo ia?ii?eyoee. Caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey iiauoaiiie
iiaea?iiianiinoe ?aciauaiu n iiaeaao?aiiie noi?iiu ii ioiioaieth e
inoaeueiui caeaieyi.
Aeaiiui i?iaeoii i?aaeoniio?aii ia oa??eoi?ee aeicaaiaea i?iecaanoe
?aeiino?oeoeeth iaeniieuecoaiuo iiiauaiee iiae oeao auaea?aeee,
ia?aaioee e ?iceeaa noieiaiai aaeiai aeia.
?aeiino?oe?oaiia caeaiea iaeiiyoaaeiia, neiaeiie eiioeao?aoeee, ninoieo
ec ianeieueeeo iiiauaiee. Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue caeaiey 72 i, oe?eia
iiiauaiee – io 6 aei 24 i, aunioa – 12 i. Ioiieaiea aiaeyiia, n
ia?aiao?aie 100 – 70 iN, aaioeeyoeey i?eoi/ii-auoyaeiay. Aaioeeyoi?u
?aciauaiu ia e?uoa oeaoa, aicaeooiaiaeu oeiaeaiu iiae e?uoae aaeieue
noai oeaoa.
Ia iniiaaiee auai?a oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey e aai ia?aiao?ia
ii?aaeaeyai iaiaoiaeeioth i?iecaiaenoaaiioth ieiuaaeue.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay ieiuaaeue neeaaeuaaaony ec ieiuaaee, caieiaaiie
iaiin?aaenoaaiii iai?oaeiaaieai, e ieiuaaeae, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey i?ioiaea
e i?iacaea i?e yenieoaoaoeee e ?aiiioa iai?oaeiaaiey n o/aoii NIeI.
Oeao, iauae ieiuaaeueth 936 i2, ninoieo ec neaaeothueo o/anoeia:
– ai/eiiia/iiai ioaeaeaiey ieiuaaeueth 36 i2,
– ioaeaeaiey auaea?aeee aeia ieiuaaeueth 144 i2,
– o/anoea ia?aaioee aeia ieiuaaeueth 216 i2,
– oa?iiai neeaaea ieiuaaeueth 72 i2,
– aooueeiiia/iiai ioaeaeaiey ieiuaaeueth 144 i2,
– o/anoea ?iceeaa ieiuaaeueth 180 i2,
– auoiauo iiiauaiee ieiuaaeueth 36 i2,
– neeaaea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee ieiuaaeueth 108 i2
Ia iniiaaiee ninoaaeaiiie aiia?aoo?ii-oaoiieiae/aneie noaiu, aaaa?eoiuo
?acia?ia iai?oaeiaaiey, a oaeaea ii?i, ii?aaeaeythueo acaeiiia
?aniieiaeaiea iai?oaeiaaiey e nicaeaiea ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee aeey
o?oaeiauo i?ioeannia, ninoaaeyai eiiiaiiaeo oaoiieiae/aneiai
iai?oaeiaaiey.
I?e ?aciauaiee iai?oaeiaaiey a ieaia ?oeiaiaenoaoainy neaaeothueie
iniiaiuie o?aaiaaieyie:
– niaethaeaiea caaeaiiuo oneiaee oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna ii acaeiiie
nayce ioaeaeueiuo iauaeoia iai?oaeiaaiey e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eo
?aciauaiey;
– iaania/aiea i?yiioi/iinoe a aeaeaeaiee nu?uey, iieooaa?eeaoia e
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee;
– iaania/aiea oaeianoaa ianeoaeeaaiey aiia?aoia e iaoei;
– yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ieiuaaeae;
– iaania/aiea e?ao/aeoeo ?annoiyiee iaaeaeo iai?oaeiaaieai;
– no?iaia niaethaeaiea anao i?aaee oaoieee aaciianiinoe e
i?ioeaiiiaea?iie io?aiu.
I?e ?aciauaiee iai?oaeiaaiey eniieuecoai aiciiaeiinoue ia?aiauaiey
oaoiieiae/aneeo i?iaeoeoia iiae aeaenoaeai neeu oyaeanoe (naiioaeii).
Niaeanii «Ii?iai oaoiieiae/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey aeiiaeaeue/aneeo
caaiaeia ii ia?a?aaioea aeiia?aaea» (Aei?iieuai?ii-2, 1981) i?e
?aciauaiee iai?oaeiaaiey iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoniao?eaaoue:
– iniiaiua i?ioiaeu a ianoao iinoiyiiiai i?aauaaiey ?aaioathueo e ii
o?iioo ianeoaeeaaiey iai?oaeiaaiey (iaaeaeo iaeaieaa aunooiathueie
/anoyie iai?oaeiaaiey) oe?eiie ia iaiaa 1,5 i;
– iaaeaeo noaiie e iai?oaeiaaieai – ia iaiaa 0,8 i;
– i?ioiaeu iaaeaeo aiia?aoaie, a oaeaea aiia?aoaie e noaiaie iiiauaiey
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe e?oaiaiai ianeoaeeaaiey, oe?eiie ia iaiaa 1,0 i;
– i?ioiaeu iaaeaeo ?aca?aoa?aie ia iaiaa 0,3;
– i?ioiaeu o ieiiiuo i?iaiia, aeinooiiuo n o?iaiy iiea eee ieiuaaeee,
oe?eiie ia iaiaa 1,0 i;
– i?ioiaeu iaaeaeo ianinaie oe?eiie ia iaiaa 0,8 i. I?e iaaieueoeo
?acia?ao ianinia ?ac?aoaaony onoaiiaea 2o eee aieaa ianinia ia iaeiii
ooiaeaiaioa, i?e yoii neo/aa ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ianinaie ii?aaeaeyaony
oneiaeyie ianeoaeeaaiey ianinia;
– i?e ?aciauaiee i?yiioaieueiuo aiia?aoia aeeeiie nauoa 1 i aaeieue
noaiu caeaiey, ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo noaiie e aiia?aoii neaaeoao i?eieiaoue
ia iaiaa 0,8 i;
– i?ioiaeu io yeaeo?iueoia aei aunooiathueo /anoae iai?oaeiaaiey – ia
iaiaa 1,25 i;
– ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo aa?oii ?aca?aoa?a e ieaeiae iiaa?oiinoueth ieeo ia
iaiaa 1,5 i.
I?e ?aniieiaeaiee ianeoaeeaaaiiai iai?oaeiaaiey ia aunioa aieaa 1,5 i
aeey aeinooia e iaio aeieaeiu auoue ono?iaiu noaoeeiia?iua eanoieoeu e
ieiuaaeee n ia?aaeaeaieyie.
Eiino?oeoeaiay noaia i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ei?iona i?eiyoa ea?eaniie.
Ea?ean nai?iue aeaeaciaaoiiiue. Naoea eieii 12* 6 i e 6 * 6 i.
Ooiaeaiaiou iiae eieiiiu – aeaeaciaaoiiiua noaeaiiiai oeia.
Eieiiiu – nai?iua aeaeaciaaoiiiua na/aieai 40 * 40 ni.
Aaeee iie?uoey – nai?iua aeaeaciaaoiiiua i?ieaoii 12 iao?ia e 6 iao?ia.
Noaiu – naiiianouea ec ?aeooa/ieea oieueiie 51 ni.
E?iaey – /aou?aoneieiue ?oeiiiue eiaa? n ooaieeoaeai.
Iieu – aaoiiiua, iaoeaoneay ieeoea, anoaeueoiaua.
Ieia – aea?aayiiua n aeaieiuie nia?aiiuie ia?aieaoaie ii AINO 12506 –
67.
Aeaa?e – aea?aayiiua ii AINO 8126 – 56.
Ia?oaeiay ioaeaeea noai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai caeaiey – oooeaoo?ea n
iiaaeeie.
Ioaeaeea aioo?aiiyy – oooeaoo?ea, iaeeoeiaea aeaco?iaaiiie ieeoeie,
ecaanoeiai-oeaiaioiay e yioeueneiiiay iie?anea.
Eniieueciaaiea aeey iaeeoeiaee noai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai caeaiey aaeie
aeaco?iaaiiie ieeoee, iie?anea iioieeia a aaeue, a iai?oaeiaaiey a
caeaiue naaoeue oii nicaeatho i?aaeiinueee aeey niaea?aeaiey iiiauaiee a
/enoioa, e iiauoaao o?iaaiue inaauaiiinoe ca n/ao io?aaeaiiiai naaoa.
Ia o/anoea auaea?aeee aeia ai/ee onoaiaaeeaathony a o?e y?ona ia eaaao
ii noaia (8 o 7 o 6) * 4 = 84 oo.
A iiiauaiee ia?aaioee e o?aiaiey aeiiiaoa?eaeia 7 ?aca?aoa?ia
onoaiaaeeaathony n aeaooy?oniui ?aciauaieai. Aeey eo ianeoaeeaaiey
i?aaeoniio?aiu ieiuaaeee iaoaeee/aneea aunioie 2,5 i.
Eoiaaeiue ?aca?aoa? niiioe?iaai iauae ianeoaeeaathuae ieiuaaeeie n
?aaeoi?ii aeey i?eaioiaeaiey ia?aaaouaathueo aauanoa.
Oa?iue neeaae iai?oaeiaai o?ainii?oa?aie aeey yueeia e aooueie e
aaoiiaoii aeey auaiee aooueie ec yueeia. I?aaeoniio?ai ia?aoiaeiie
iinoee /a?ac o?ainii?oa?u n ia?aaeaeathueie ii?o/iyie.
A iia/iii ioaeaeaiee e?iia aeaoo o?ainii?oa?ia onoaiaaeeaathony
aooueeiiia/iay iaoeia e einiaeoeeiiiue aaoiiao. I?aaeoniio?ai
ia?aoiaeiie iinoee.
A ioaeaeaiee ?iceeaa onoaiiaeaiu /aou?a aaoiiaoa eeiee ?iceeaa e aeaa
noiea. Caeanue aea, ia iaoaeee/aneie ieiuaaeea n ia?aaeaeaieai, aunioie
4 i onoaiiaeaia iaii?iay aieinoue aeey iiaea/e aeia naiioaeii a
oaniai/ioth iaoeio. *a?ac o?ainii?oa?u i?aaeoniio?ai ia?aoiaeiie iinoee.
A oeaoo i?aaeoniio?aiu auoiaua iiiauaiey, ninoiyuea ec aa?aea?iaiie,
ooaeaoa e aeooaaie, ?ann/eoaiiua ia /enei ?aaioathueo.
A neeaaea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee onoaiiaeai o?ainii?oa?, iiaeathuee yueee n
aeiii ia neeaaee?iaaiea.
4.2 ?ac?acu i?iaeieueiua e iiia?a/iua
A a?aoe/aneie /anoe i?iaeoa i?aaenoaaeaiu ?ac?acu ?aeiino?oe?oaiiai
oaoiieiae/aneiai oeaoa. I?iaeieueiua e iiia?a/iua ?ac?acu
aeaiiino?e?otho niioaaonoaea ?annoaiiaee iai?oaeiaaiey e ieiuaaeie
ianeoaeeaaiey no?ieoaeueiui ii?iai e i?aaeeai.
?annoiyiey io iai?oaeiaaiey aei noai e aei eieiii 1,0 – 0,8 i.
Niaethaeaiu ii?iu ii oe?eia i?ioiaeia e cii ianeoaeeaaiey iai?oaeiaaiey.
Eanoieoeu e ianeoaeeaathuea ieiuaaeee eiatho ?aeiiaiaeoaioth oe?eio,
ia?eea e iaiaoiaeeiua ia?aaeaeaiey.
5. Ia?ii?eyoey ii io?aia o?oaea
5.1 I?aaiecaoeey io?aiu o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee
I?aaiaie iniiaie caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ii io?aia o?oaea yaeyaony
Eiinoeoooeey Oe?aeiu, Caeiiu Oe?aeiu: «Ia io?aia o?oaea», «I
cae?aaiio?aiaiee», «I iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe», «Ia iauaia?aciaaoaeueiii
ainoaea?noaaiiii nioeeaeueiii no?aoiaaiee io ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia
i?iecaiaenoaa e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai caaieaaaiey, iiaeaeoeo iioa?th
o?oaeiniiniaiinoe», a oaeaea Eiaeaena caeiiia i o?oaea Oe?aeiu.
I?aaa a?aaeaeai ia io?aio o?oaea i?e i?eaia ia ?aaioo, ai a?aiy ?aaiou
oaeaea eueaiou e eiiiainaoeeth i?aaenoaaeaiu a caeiia Oe?aeiu « Ia
io?aia o?oaea».
Aeey nicaeaiey caei?iauo e aaciianiuo oneiaee o?oaea aeey ?aaioieeia ia
i?aaei?eyoee ii ia?a?aaioea aeiia?aaea iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeeueii aua?aoue
ieiuaaeeo aeey ?aciauaiey i?aaei?eyoey e ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ?aniieiaeaiey
ia iae i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo caeaiee.
Niaeanii naieoa?iui ii?iai, iau?i i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiiauaiee ia iaeiiai
?aaioathuaai aeieaeai niioaaonoaiaaoue ii?iai (ia iaiueoa 15 i3, a
ieiuaaeue iiiauaiee – ia iaiueoa 4,5 i2).
Oeaoa, ioaeaeaiey e o/anoee ni cia/eoaeueiuie a?aaeiuie auaeaeaieyie i?e
ia?a?aaioea, ecauoeaie oaiea e iiaea?iiianiua iaiaoiaeeii ?aciauaoue o
ia?oaeiuo noai caeaiey e, anee aeiionoeii ii oneiaeyi oaoiieiae/aneiai
i?ioeanna e iioi/iinoe i?iecaiaenoaa – a aa?oieo yoaaeao iiiaiyoaaeiiai
caeaiey.
Aaciianiinoue oneiaee o?oaea aeinoeaaaony iooai ?aoeeiiaeueiiai
?aciauaiey iniiaiiai e aniiiiaaoaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, a oaeaea
i?aaeeueiay i?aaiecaoeey ?aai/eo iano. Ii?yaeie ?aciauaiey iai?oaeiaaiey
e ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ieie ii?aaeaeythony eo ?acia?aie, oaoiieiae/aneeie
o?aaiaaieyie e o?aaiaaieyie oaoieee aaciianiinoe.
Aeey aaaeaiey oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna e iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe
ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea iai?oaeiaaiea aeieaeii auoue iniauaii
eiio?ieueii-ecia?eoaeueiuie i?eai?aie, aaoiiaoe/aneeie ?aaoeyoi?aie,
aaoiiaoeeie aaciianiinoe e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie neaiaeecaoeeae a
niioaaonoaee n oaoiieiae/aneie noaiie i?iecaiaenoaa.
Eiino?oeoeey iai?oaeiaaiey e aai oceia aeieaeiu iaania/eaaoue
aaciianiinoue e oaeianoai i?e ianeoaeeaaiee, ?aiiioa e naieoa?iie
ia?aaioea.
Iia?aoeee ii /enoea, iieea e naieoa?iie ia?aaioea ?ieinoae e aiia?aoia
aeieaeiu i?iaiaeeoueny iaoaiece?iaaiiui niiniaii, iaania/eaathuei
aaciianiinoue ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea.
?aciauaiea o?oaii?iaiaeia, oeaiaia, ooooea?ia, aaioeeyoeeiiiuo ono?ienoa
aeieaeii iaania/eaaoue aaciianiinoue yenieoaoaoeee, aiciiaeiinoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iaaethaeaiey ca eo oaoie/aneei ninoiyieai e
auiieiaieai iiioaaeiuo ?aaio.
Iaoaiecaoeey e aaoiiaoecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?ioeannia aeieaeiu
iaania/eaaoue iiaea?iac?uaiaaciianiinoue eo i?iaaaeaiey, a oaeaea
aiciiaeiinoue eiio?iey e ?aaoee?iaaiey oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.
Aeenoaioeeiiiia oi?aaeaiea aeieaeii inouanoaeyoueny n oeaio?aeueiiai
ioeueoa oi?aaeaiey.
A i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iiiauaiee iaycaoaeueii aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny
iaiaoooeoaee, a eiee/anoaa, i?aaeoniio?aiiii onoaiiaeaiiuie ii?iaie.
Eaaeaeue ?aai/ee, iinooiathuee aiiaue a oeao, ia?aaaae?iiue ec ae?oaiai
oeaoa eee iaiythuee naith niaoeeaeueiinoue aeieaeai iineaaeiaaoaeueii
i?ieoe: ia?ae/iue eino?oeoaae, oai?aoe/aneia e i?aeoe/aneia iao/aiea
aaciianiui i?e?iai e iaoiaeai ?aaiou ia ?aai/ai ianoa.
Ia aeaeiuo ianoao eaaeaeiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o/anoea aeieaeiu auoue:
1) eino?oeoeey ii oaoieea aaciianiinoe;
2) eino?oeoeey ii iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe;
3) oaoiieiae/aneay noaia i?iecaiaenoaa;
4) noaia yaaeoaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ia?niiaea i?e aaa?eyo;
5) ia?a/aiue ia? ieacaiey ia?aie iiiiue i?e aicaeaenoaee ia ?aaioathueo
iianiuo e a?aaeiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia.
5.2 N??y?a e ??? ??? ??a a AIE «A?????»
Ia i?aaei?eyoee aiaeec i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o?aaiaoecia i?iaiaeeony
noaoenoe/aneei iaoiaeii, iniiaaiiii ia eco/aiee o?aaiaoecia ii
aeieoiaioai, io/aoai, aeo?iaeai ?aaeno?aoeee e aeoai e ?ann/eouaaaony ii
neaaeothuei oi?ioeai:
Iieacaoaeue o?aaiaoecia:
E = O * 1000 / ? ,
aaea O – eiee/anoai o?aai ca io/aoiue ia?eiae;
? – n?aaeianieni/iia eiee/anoai ?aaioieeia ca io/aoiue ia?eiae.
Iieacaoaeue oyaeanoe o?aaiaoecia:
Eo = Ae / O ,
aaea OAe – eiee/anoai aeiae iao?oaeiniiniaiinoe iino?aaeaaoeo.
Iieacaoaeue iao?oaeiniiniaiinoe
Ei = Ae * 1000 / ?
Oaeaeueiua iaoa?eaeueiua iineaaenoaey io caaieaaaiee
Ii. oae = Ii / ? ,
aaea Ii – iaoa?eaeueiua iineaaenoaey io o?aai e caaieaaaiee, a?i.
Oaaeeoea 6.1 – A??c ???u ??a a AIE «A?????»
I????eI????ey2000 a.2001 a200220032004N??????? ??i ???o,
?e.?117010361023780720*?? ????? ???a n ?o?? ????????? ??a 3-o ??O111-
???1- ???-*?? ???o ??, ???y?? a ?y? n ??????Ae1326—I????ue ???u
?????aE/0,850,97—I????ue oy??e ?????aEo1326—I????ue
?????????Ei1125—I??? ???a ? ??? ??a,
?i/?eC?16,3718,8219,7419,74-I?????a ?????y ????? ???a,
?iIo127,73253,564111200-O???a ?????? ?????y, ?i/?eIo0,10,245,91,5-
Ec oaaeeoeu 6.1 aeaeii, /oi a AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» a 2002 e 2003 aa
i?iecioee ian/anoiua neo/ae ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii. Iaeaieueoaa
eiee/anoai n?aaenoa ia io?aio o?oaea auei iio?a/aii a 2001 aiaeo. Naiua
aieueoea iineaaenoaey ian/anoiuo neo/aaa iaaethaeaeenue a 2002 aiaeo-
6411 a?i.
?ani?aaeaeaiea o?aaiaoecia ii aeaeai ?aaio ca 2000-2003 aa i?aaenoaaeaii
a oaaeeoea 6.2
Oaaeeoea 6.2 – ?ani?aaeaeaiea o?aaiaoecia ii aeaeai ?aaio
?Aeaeu i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
O?aaiaoeciEiee/anoai%1Iaoaiecaoeey
2502?anoaieaaiaenoai1253No?ieoaeuenoai1254I?iiuoeaiiinoue–5Aeiiaeaeea–
Eoiai4100Aiaeece?oy oaaeeoeo, aeaeei, /oi iaeaieueoaa eiee/anoai e
iaeaieueoee i?ioeaio o?aai i?eoiaeeony ia naeueneioicyenoaaiiua e
iaoaiece?iaaiiua ?aaiou.
5.3 Eino?oeoeey ii io?aia o?oaea aeey ?aai/eo i?e noeueoeoaoeee aeia
Iauea iieiaeaiey
E ?aaioa n na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii aeiioneathony eeoea, aeinoeaoea 18
eao, i?ioaaeoea iaaeeoeeineia inaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaiea, i?aeoe/aneia e
oai?aoe/aneia iao/aiea, eino?oeoaae ii aaciianiui i?eaiai ?aaiou n
na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii, a oaeaea eino?oeoaae i niaethaeaiee i?aaee
aioo?aiiaai o?oaeiaiai ?anii?yaeea (cai?auaiea eo?aiey, ?anieoea
nie?oiuo iaieoeia.).
?aaioieeo, auiieiythuaio noeueoeoaoeeth, aeieaeiu auoue auaeaiu
i?ioeaiaac, ?aceiiaua naiiae, ?aceiiaua e a?acaioiaua ia?/aoee,
i?i?aceiaiiue oa?ooe, caueoiua i/ee. I /ai ?aaioiee ?anienuaaaony a
niaoeeaeueiii aeo?iaea.
Aeiia?aaeiua aeia n oeaeueth i?aaeioa?auaiey eo io ii?/e
noeueoeoe?othony na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii. Na?ienoue aiaeae?eae –
aanoeaaoiue aac, cia/eoaeueii oyaeaeaa aicaeooa, n ?aceei caiaoii e
eeneui aeonii. Aai aaeuoaiea aucuaaao ?acae?aaeaiea neecenouo iaiei/ae
aa?oieo aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae e aeac, iiaeao aucaaoue io?aaeaiea,
i?eciaeaie eioi?iai yaeythony neacioa/aiea, o?eiioa, ianii?e, aieue e
noaniaiea a a?oaee, oea?aiaiuea a ai?ea, cao?oaeiaiiia aeuoaiea.
Oyaeaeia io?aaeaiea iiaeao aucaaoue ioae eaaeeo.
Aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo io?aaeaiee na?ienoui aacii i?e
noeueoeoaoeee aeia i?ioeann aeieaeai i?iaiaeeony ia ioe?uoii aicaeooa
(iiae iaaanii, eeai a iiiauaieyo, iai?oaeiaaiiuo i?eoi/ii-auoyaeiie
aaioeeyoeeae).
A neo/aa ooa/ee na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea eee i?ieeaia ?anoai?a na?ienoie
eeneiou iaiaoiaeeii yaaeoe?iaaoue ec iiiauaiey ethaeae, aeeth/eoue
i?eoi/ii-auoyaeioth aaioeeyoeeth e niiaueoue ia ooa/ea ia/aeueieeo
oeaoa.
O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe ia?aae ia/aeii ?aaiou
?aca?aoa?u, a eioi?uo aoaeao i?iaiaeeoueny noeueoeoaoeey nonea,
aeiiiaoa?eaea eee aeia iaiaoiaeeii ouaoaeueii i?iaa?eoue ia
aa?iaoe/iinoue. I?iaa?ea ?aca?aoa?a ia aa?iaoe/iinoue inouanoaeyaony
iooai aai aiaoiaai iniio?a. I?iaa?yaony iaee/ea iioaeia i?iaeoeoa ii
ia?oaeiui iiaa?oiinoyi ?aca?aoa?a, e a ianoao niaaeeiaiey etheia e
a?iaoo?u. I?e iaia?oaeaiee iioaeia i?iaeoeoa iaiaoiaeeii ono?aieoue eo e
oieueei iinea yoiai i?enooiaoue e noeueoeoaoeee.
Aeinoaaea aaeeiiia n aeeaeeei eee aaciia?aciui na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii e
ianoo noeueoeoaoeee i?iecaiaeeony ia niaoeeaeueiuo iineeeao aeaoiy
?aai/eie eee a oaeaaeeao; neaaeoao niaethaeaoue inoi?iaeiinoue ai
ecaaaeaiea oie/eia e iaaeaiee.
Ia?aae i?iaaaeaieai noeueoeoaoeee iiae iaaanii, aaeeiiu n na?ienoui
aiaeae?eaeii iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue e iaaeaaeii cae?aieoue ia ianoao,
aaea iie ia aoaeoo iiaeaa?aaoueny aeaenoaeth nieia/iuo eo/ae e ae?oaeo
enoi/ieeia oaiea.
I?iecaiaeeony eiio?ieue a?aiaie caueoiiai aeaenoaey iiaeioeoaey
i?ioeaiaaca (eioi?ia ninoaaeyao 60 ieioo) ii aeo?iaeo o/aoa ?aaiou
i?ioeaiaaca. Anee iii enoaeei, oi iieueciaaoueny oaeei i?ioeaiaacii
eaoaai?e/anee cai?auaaony.
O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe ai a?aiy ?aaiou
Ia?aae ia/aeii noeueoeoaoeee iaiaoiaeeii iaaeaoue caueoiue einothi,
eioi?ue ninoieo ec i?ioeaiaaca, ?aceiiauo naiia, ?aceiiauo ia?/aoie e
i?i?aceiaiiiai oa?ooea.
Aaeeii n na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii i?eniaaeeiyaony e noeueoeoiaeicaoi?o
ANAO /a?ac ?aaeoeoi?.
Aaioeeue aaeeiia neaaeoao ioe?uaaoue iinoaiaiii, oae eae neeoeii ?aceia
ioe?uoea aaioeey iiaeao i?eaanoe e ?ac?uao oeaiaa e auoiaeo aaca.
I?e ooa/ea na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea noeueoeoaoeey aeieaeia auoue
iaiaaeeaiii i?ae?auaia.
Ia aeiioneaaony o?aiaiea caianiuo aaeeiiia n na?ienoui aiaeae?eaeii a
iiiauaiee, aaea eaeao noeueoeoaoeey.
Aeaaacaoeey i?ieeoiai ?anoai?a na?ienoie eeneiou inouanoaeyaony
iaeo?aeecothuei ?anoai?ii (ecaanoeiaui iieieii), eioi?ue aeieaeai auoue
a iaee/ee ia ianoa i?iaaaeaiey noeueoeoaoeee.
O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe ii ieii/aiee ?aaiou
Iinea ieii/aiey noeueoeoaoeee aaioeeue aaeeiia iaiaoiaeeii cae?uoue,
ioniaaeeieoue ?aaeoeoi? io aaeeiia e iaaeaoue ia aaioeeue
i?aaeio?aieoaeueiue eieiae.
Aaeeii inoi?iaeii iieiaeeoue ia iineeee eee oaeaaeeo e ioi?aaeoue ia
neeaae o?aiaiey aaeeiiia.
Iaycaoaeueii i?iaanoe i?iaao?eaaiea iiiauaiey, aeey /aai aaioeeyoeeth
inoaaeoue aeeth/aiiie aei oao ii?, iiea ec iiiauaiey ia aoaeao
iieiinoueth oaeaeai na?ienoue aiaeae?eae.
O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe a iianiuo e aaa?eeiuo neooaoeeyo
A neo/aa ooa/ee na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea aneaaenoaea iieiiee ?aaeoeoi?a,
?ac?uaa oeaiaa, ia?ooaiey oieioieoaeueiuo i?ieeaaeie a ianoa niaaeeiaiey
oeaiaa n noeueoeoiaeicaoi?ii, iaiaoiaeeii iaiaaeeaiii cae?uoue aaioeeue
aaeeiia, yaaeoe?iaaoue ethaeae ec iiiauaiey, aeeth/eoue aaioeeyoeeth e
i?iaanoe aeaaacaoeeth iin?aaenoaii iaeo?aeecothuaai ?anoai?a.
I?e ian/anoiii neo/aa n oaeaniuie iia?aaeaeaieyie iaiaoiaeeii n?i/ii
ieacaoue ia?aoth iiiiuue e aeinoaaeoue iino?aaeaaoaai a ea/aaiia
o/?aaeaeaiea. I neo/eaoainy niiaueoue ?oeiaiaeeoaeth i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
o/anoea.
I?e aicai?aiee onoaiiaee noeueoeoaoeee ANAO:
– aeaoue neaiae o?aaiae e aucaaoue iiaea?ioth eiiaiaeo.
6. Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu – niaieoiiinoue ia?ii?eyoee, iaania/eaathuay
iioeiaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea oece/aneeo, oeie/aneeo e aeieiae/aneeo
ia?aiao?ia i?e?iaeiuo e aio?iiiaaiiuo nenoai, a eioi?uo i?ioaeaao o?oae,
auo e ioaeuo ethaeae. Iioeiaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea oaeeo nenoai
aiciiaeii oieueei i?e oneiaee iieiiai aiaea/aiey a i?e?iaeiue e?oaiai?io
i?iaeoeoia i?iecaiaenoaa e aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
I?e i?iecaiaenoaa aeia ia?acothony noi/iua aiaeu, aaciia?aciua e
oaa?aeua aoi?e/iua iaoa?eaeueiua i?iaeoeou. Iinea ia?aaioee yeieiae/anee
ii?aaaeaiiuie niiniaaie yoe i?iaeoeou iiaoo o?ainoi?ie?iaaoueny
aaoa?io?ioiuie i?aaieciaie aiaeu e ii/au, ia ieacuaay iaaaoeaiiai
aicaeaenoaey ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo.
6.1 Io?aia aoiinoa?u
Aeicaaiae AIE «Aeiia?aaeiue» yaeyaony caaiaeii ia?ae/iiai aeiiaeaeey e
inouanoaeyao i?iecaiaenoai aeiiiaoa?eaeia e aeiia?aaeiuo aei.
Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey aoiinoa?u yaeythony eioaeueiay e
eiii?anni?iay aeicaaiaea, i?aaenoaaeaiiua a oaaeeoea 7.1:
Oaaeeoea 7.1 – Enoi/ieee caa?yciaiey aoiinoa?iiai aicaeooa
? O/anoieOaoiieiae/aneia iai?oaeiaaiea ?aaeei ?aaiou, //nooEiee/anoai
enoi/ieeia aua?iniaA?aaeiua aauanoaa1EioaeueiayEioae AeEA?-4/13 16 2NI,
SO2 , NI2? O/anoieOaoiieiae/aneia iai?oaeiaaiea ?aaeei ?aaiou,
//nooEiee/anoai enoi/ieeia aua?iniaA?aaeiua aauanoaa2Eiii?an-
ni?iayAaoiiaoe/aneay aiiea/ii-ioeaaeeoaeueiay onoaiiaea AO-200
16
2
NI3Aaa?eeiua e caeiiaua aua?inu ia i?aaei?eyoee ionoonoaotho.
A eioaeueiie onoaiiaeaiu 2 eioea, eioi?ua ?aaioatho ia i?e?iaeiii aaca
aeey oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaeae e ioiieaiey (a ioaieeaaaiue ia?eiae).
Iaeiia?aiaiii a ?aaeeia iaeneiaeueiie iaa?ocee ?aaioaao oieueei 1 eioae.
Iaeneiaeueiue ?anoiae oiieeaa – 446 i3, aiaeiaie ?anoiae ninoaaeyao 700
oun. i3 /aiae. Aeuiiiiaeioeoaeue ia?ee AAe-6 n aaioeeyoi?ii AAeI-9,
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue 9500 i3/aiae. Eiyooeoeeaio ecauoea aicaeooa aeey
eaaeaeiai eioea ninoaaeyao 1,25.
Aiiea/iay eiii?anni?iay ia i?aaei?eyoee neoaeeo aeey niaaaeaiey
oeaaeaaaioii oieiaeeeueiuo eaia?. Aaeeinoaaiiui caa?yciythuei
eiiiiiaioii caeanue yaeyaony aiieae. Ooa/ea aiieaea ec nenoaiu
ioeaaeaeaiey iiaeao aicieeiooue a neo/aa iaaeinoaoi/ii ieioiiai
niaaeeiaiey o?oaii?iaiaeia, eeai i?e iaee/ee ioaa?noee a eiaeooao
eiii?anni?ia. Ia?u aiieaea iinooiatho a aicaeooiia i?ino?ainoai ?aai/ae
ciiu, a caoai aianoa n aaioeeyoeeiiiui aicaeooii eiii?anni?iie
aua?anuaathony a aoiinoa?o. Oaoiieiae/aneay ooa/ea aiieaea a
eiii?anni?iie i?aaei?eyoey ionoonoaoao.
I?iecaaaeai ?an/ao eeanna iianiinoe i?aaei?eyoey (EII) ii oi?ioea [1] :
n Uei
EII = O* (Ii / ?AeKi)
i
aaea Ii – ianna aua?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa, o/aiae;
?AeKi – n?aaeianooi/iay IAeE aauanoaa, ia/i3;
n – eiee/anoai caa?yciythueo aauanoa;
Uei – aac?acia?iay aaee/eia (eiinoaioa), eioi?ay iaoiaeeony ec oaaeeoeu
7.2
Oaaeeoea 7.2 – N?aaiaiea eeannia iianiinoe aauanoa
EiinoaioaEeann iianiinoe aauanoaa1234Uei1,71,31,00,9
Cia/aiea EII ?ann/eouaaaony i?e oneiaee, /oi Ii / ?AeKi > 1, anee
Ii / ?AeKi 106II106 > EII >
104III104 > EII > 103IVEII
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