Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey.
Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey- yoi i?aaiecaoeeiiiay eoeueoo?a iai?aaeaiiay ia
ianeoaeeaaiea eeeaioia ia iniiaa au?aaioee ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaee,
i?ioeaaeo?, i?aeoe/aneeo iaaueia e oiaiee.
Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey aeeeooaony iieeoeeie i?aaei?eyoey,
iiaeaea?aeeaaaony nenoaiie iiiu?aiey ia?niiaea e ?yaeii ae?oaeo ia?.
Naaiaeiy ?ani?ino?aiaii iiieiaiea eoeueoo?u ianeoaeeaaiey a oceii
niunea, eae niaieoiiinoue i?aaee aaaeeeainoe (yoeea iiaaaeaiey) iaeiaei
aeaiiia iiiyoea neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue cia/eoaeueii oe?a ai anao aai
ninoiyieyo e i?e i?iyaeaiee anao aai yeaiaioia.
Eoeueoo?a – io eao. aicaeaeuaaiea, ainieoaiea, ia?aaioea. Iauai?eiyoi
aeaeaiea eoeueoo?u ia iaoa?eaeueioth e aeooiaioth, iiyoiio eoeueoo?a
aeeth/aao a naay niaieoiiinoue iaoa?eaeueiuo e aeooiaiuo aeaa e
oeaiiinoae, a oaeaea niiniau aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea ii eo nicaeaieth e
eniieueciaaieth.
Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey – yoi iaiouaieaiay /anoue iauae eoeueoo?u
iauanoaa, e aa neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue eae ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue
?acaeoey i?ioeanna ianeoaeeaaiey, iieo/athueany au?aaeaiey a
ineoieiae/aneeo, yoe/aneeo, ynoaoe/aneeo, i?aaiecaoeeiiii – oaoie/aneeo
e ae?oaeo aniaeoao. Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey ana yoe aniaeou
acaeiinaycaiu e acaeiicaaeneiu.
Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey au?aaaouaaaony eaaeaeui i?aaei?eyoeai.
I?iyaeaiea aunieie eoeueoo?u ianeoaeeaaiey, ii?aaeaeyaony /a?ac
iiaaaeaiea ia?niiaea, eioi?ue /aoei ciaao, eae aeaenoaiaaoue a ethaie
neooaoeee, e /oi io iaai aeaeoo eeeaiou, ?oeiaiaenoai, a oaeaea aunieay
eoeueoo?a aeaeaao ?aaioieeia oeaeaono?aieaiiuie e canoaaeyao n
oaaaeaieai ioiineony e naiaio i?aaei?eyoeth.
Eoeueoo?a ianeoaeeaaiey – yoi neiaeiia eiiieaeniia iiiyoea, neaaaaiuie
eioi?iai yaeythony:
1.aaciianiinoue e yeieiae/iinoue i?e ianeoaeeaaiee
2.ynoaoeea eioa?uea?a, nicaeaiea eiioi?oiuo oneiaee ianeoaeeaaiey.
3. iaee/ea aeinoaoi/iiai eiee/anoaa noieiaie iinoaeu, i?eai?ia, e
noieiaiai aaeuey.
4. ciaiea ineoieiae/aneeo iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe e i?ioeanna
ianeoaeeaaiey
5. ciaiea e niaethaeaiea ia?niiaeii yoe/aneeo ii?i ianeoaeeaaiey
6. ciaiea e niaethaeaiea i?aaee, onoaiaaeeaathueo ii?yaeie e
i/a?aaeiinoue ianeoaeeaaiey ainoae
7. ciaiea niaoeeaeueiuo i?aaee i?aaeeiaeaiey e ioionea ?acee/iuo aethae
e iaieoeia, a oaeaea oaoie/aneeo iaaueia e i?eaiia eo iiaea/e
8. ciaiea iniiaiuo i?aaee na?ae?iaee noiea.
Aaciianiinoue e yeieiae/iinoue i?e ianeoaeeaaiee.
Ia ethaii i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeieaeiu auoue
iaania/aiu aaciianiinoue aeecie, caei?iauey e eiouanoaa ainoae. A
caeaiee aeieaeiu auoue aaa?eeiua auoiaeu, eanoieoeu, eioi?iaoeeiiiua
oeacaoaee e o. ae.
I?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey aeieaeiu auoue iniauaiu nenoaiie iiiaauaiey,
n?aaenoaaie caueou io iiaea?ia, eioi?ua i?aaeoniao?eaathony i?aaeeaie
iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe.
Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey aeieaeiu aani?aeineiaii niaethaeaoueny:
naieoa?ii – yieaeaieieiae/aneea ii?iu e i?aaeea, ninoiyiea
naioaoie/aneiai e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, oaeaeaiey iooiaeia,
yooaeoeaiay caueoa io ianaeiiuo e a?ucoiia. Niaeanii NaiIeiai
?aeiiaiaeoaony ioaiaeeoue iiae eooith 1/2 eee 2/3 ieiuaaee ?anoi?aia.
Aeey iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe eeeaioia ia?iiiia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony
/enoioa iinoaeu e i?eai?ia. O?aaoaioth noaiaiue /enoiou e ii?aaeaeaiioth
aeaceioaeoeeth aa?aioe?oao i?ioeann iieee a iinoaeiiia/iuo iaoeiao i?e
aunieie t.
Iniaua o?aaiaaiey a ioiioaiee aaciianiinoe i?aaeuyaeythony ia?niiaeo.
I?aaeaea anaai, aanue ia?niiae aeieaeai i?ieoe iiaeaioiaeo ii aaciianiui
iaoiaeai ?aaiou, ciaoue e niaethaeaoue i?aaeea iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe,
io?aiu o?oaea e oaoie/aneie aaciianiinoe.
Ana ?aaioieee i?aaei?eyoey aeieaeiu iiaeeaaeaoue ia?eiaee/aneiio
iaaeeoeeineiio inaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaieth. I?e iinooieaiee ia ?aaioo ana
nio?oaeieee iaycaiu i?ieoe iaaeeoeeineee iniio?, i?ineooaoue eo?n ii
naieoa?ii – aeaeaie/aneie iiaeaioiaea. ?anoi?aiu, caaioyueany i
aaciianiinoe naieo eeeaioia, ?aaoey?ii i?aaieciauaatho aeiiieieoaeueiua
naieia?u aeey ?aaioieeia eooie. Oeaeue aeaiiuo naieia?ia –
i?aaeioa?auaiea iianiinoe eioaeoeeiiiiai ca?aaeaiey, eae eeeaioia, oae e
naieo ?aaioieeia.
Ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a aeaa aiaea ianeoaeeaathuee ia?niiae aeieaeai
naeaaaoue yecaiai ii naieoa?iiio ieieioio. Ia eaaeaeiai ?aaioieea
caaiaeeony ee/iay iaaeeoeeineay eieaeea (naeaeaoaeuenoaothuay i
ia?aianaiiuo eioaeoeeiiiuo caaieaaaieyo) e naeaeaoaeuenoaothuay i naea/a
naieoa?iiai ieieioia. Iaeaieaa /anoue niinia ?ani?ino?aiaiey ieuaauo
eioaeoeee ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey – yoi a?yciua ?oee ia?niiaea, iiyoiio
neaaeoao inouanoaeyoue eiio?ieue eiee/anoaa e /anoiou iuouey ?oe
ia?niiaea. Eniieueciaaoue iau/iia iuei iaaeinoaoi/ii iaiaoiaeeii
niaoeeaeueiia aeaceioeoee?othuaa iuei eee iithuaa n?aaenoai. Aeey nooee
?oe neaaeoao eniieueciaaoue iaeii?aciaua iieioaioea.
I?eia?: i?aaei?eyoea Iaeaeiiaeaen.
10 neo/aaa, eiaaea ia?niiae aeieaeai iuoue ?oee:
Iinea eo?aiey
Iinea aaeu
Iinea iinauaiey ooaeaoa
Ia?aae ia/aeii ?aaiou
Iinea iuouey iieia e oai?ee ioni?a
Iinea eanaiey oieoi?iu
Iinea /eoaiey e eaoey
Iinea niaiu ?aai/aai o/anoea
Iinea ?aaiou n aeaiueaaie
Iinea eanaiey aiein e eeoea
E?iia oiai, anyeee nio?oaeiee, iaoiaeyueeny ia niaia aeieaeai iuoue ?oee
eaaeaeua iie/ana n ioiaoeie a niaoeeaeueiii eiio?ieueiii aeaiea, t aiaeu
aeieaeia auoue 43 – 46 a?aaeonia, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iuouey ia iaiaa
30 naeoiae, n eniieueciaaieai aaeoa?eoeeaeiiai iuea, n iineaaeothuae
ia?aaioeie aeaceioeoee?othuei ?anoai?ii, a ?yae iia?aoeee auiieiyoue
oieueei a iaeii?aciauo ia?/aoeao.
I?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey aeieaeiu ?aniieaaaoueny oieueei a yeieiae/anee
aeaaii?eyoiuo ?aeiiao.
Ynoaoeea eioa?uea?a, nicaeaiea eiioi?oiuo oneiaee ianeoaeeaaiey.
Eioa?uea? i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aioo?aiia i?aaieciaaiiia i?ino?ainoai a
iiiauaiee i?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey. Iaeiia?aiaiii aunooiaao n?aaeie
aeaenoaey e n?aaeie aini?eyoey. E iiiauaieyi i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey
ioiinyo: caeu, aa?u, eieoaeeue – oieeu, aooaou. Aoiaeioth a?aieoeo, aaea
ia/eiaaony ianeoaeeaaiea, ninoaaeyao aanoeatheue n aa?aea?iaii, iniiaiie
cae e naieoa?iue ocae.
Caeu – iniiaiua iiiauaiey i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey, aaea ianeoaeeaatho
ainoae. Eo ?aoaiey e eo ?aniieiaeaiea aeeyao ia ieaie?iai/iia ?aoaiea,
iauaiioth eiiiiceoeeth e a?oeoaeoo?o anaai caeaiey. I/aiue aaaeii
iaania/eoue ?aoeeiiaeueioth naycue oi?aiauo caeia n i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie e
aniiiiaaoaeueiuie iiiauaieyie.
A /anoiinoe cae aeieaeai auoue ?aniieiaeai oaeei ia?acii, /oiau a iaai
ia i?iieeaee ooiu i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiiauaiee e caiaoe eooie.
A ?aoaiee eioa?uea?a o/eouaaaony niaoeeaeecaoeey i?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey,
eiioeiaaio eeeaioia, i?eiaiythony iaoiaeu ianeoaeeaaiey e ?yae ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia. I?e yoii aaaeii iaeneiaeueii ?ane?uoue naycue eioa?uea?a e
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Yoiai iiaeii aeinoe/ue iooai i?eiaiaiey ?acee/iuo
a?oeoaeoo?iuo i?eaiia, yoi /anoi ea?aao ia iaiueooth ?ieue, /ai oi?ioay
eooiy.
Iniaia cia/aiea aeey ioi?ieaiey eioa?uea?a eiaao ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu oeaaoa
e inaauaiey. Oeaao e inaauaiea aeieaeiu auoue iiae/eiaiu i?ioeanno
ianeoaeeaaiey eeeaioia, oae eae i?aauaay a caea ?anoi?aia eeeaio
eniuouaaao ia naaa aicaeaenoaea oeaaoa. I/aaeaeii, /oi aeeyiea iiaeao
auoue eae aeaaii?eyoiui, oae e io?eoeaoaeueiui, iiyoiio oeaaoiaay aaiia
aeieaeia auoue ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiaia n oeaeueth nicaeaiey a caeao
aoiinoa?u othoa.
Aieoaie e caeaiue aucuaatho aia/aoeaiea oe?e, aeaee e aaca?aie/iinoe.
Aieoaie nieiaao aicaoaeaeaiea, ono?aiyao aanniiieoeo, ?annaeaaao
iaayc/eaua iunee.
Caeaiue ?anoe?yao eaieeey?u e oniieaeaaao.
Oieiaeiua iooaiee aucuaatho nie?auaiea ?eoia na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe,
iiieaeatho t oaea e iiyoiio aeaaii?eyoii aicaeaenoaotho ia ethaeae a
aea?eeo e aeooiuo iiiauaieyo.
E?aniue oeaao o/auaao na?aeoeaaeaiea, iiauoaao aeaaeaiea, noeioee?oao
?aaioo iicaa.
Iaaeaaii?eyoiia aicaeaenoaea ia /aeiaaea ieacuaatho i/aiue oaiiua oiia a
aieueoeo eiee/anoaao. Ia/aeue e io?eoeaoaeueiua yiioeee niinianoaotho
aicieeiiaaieth /oanoaa onoaeinoe e ooiieaiiinoe.
?aoay, a eaeie oeaaoiaie aaiia, aoaeao auaea?aeai eioa?uea? aaaeii
o/eouaaoue ?acia?u e inaauaiiinoue iiiauaiey. Aeey aieueoiai
?anoi?aiiiai caea iiaeii eniieueciaaoue ianuuaiiua oeaaoa, aeey iaeiai
caea yoi iai?eaieaii. Iaaeinoaoie ieiuaaee iiaeii c?eoaeueii
eiiiaine?iaaoue, eniieuecoy oieiaeiua iooaiee, a aeey aieueoeo caeia
oaieua.
Aaaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eaeea aoaeoo eiiiiceoeeiiiua i?eioeeiu. Oeaaoiaua
?aoaiey, iniiaaiiua ia ?aceeo eiio?anoao, aoaei?aaeao e iiauoatho
aeeciaiiue oiion. Eiiiiceoeee, iino?iaiiua ia oiieeo ithainao,
niinianoaotho niieienoaeth.
Aoi?ui aaaeiaeoei oaeoi?ii yaeyaony inaauaiea. Anoanoaaiiia i?e?iaeiia
inaauaiea niiniaii aeeyoue ia iano?iaiea ethaeae, oiaea i?ienoiaeeo e n
eneonnoaaiiui inaauaieai. Anee inaauaiea ieioia yoi aucuaaao /oanoai
oaiaoaiiinoe.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy eneonnoaaiiua enoi/ieee naaoa ianoieueei ?aciiia?aciu
ii aeecaeio e oaoie/aneei aiciiaeiinoyi, /oi iiaoo oaeiaeaoai?eoue
cai?inu ethaiai eeeaioa. Auae?ay enoi/iee eneonnoaaiiiai naaoa, neaaeoao
enoiaeeoue ec oiai ianeieueei ii aa?iiie?oao ii noeeth e oeaaoo n
eioa?uea?ii caea, ii ia ioaeii caauaaoue i aai ooieoeeiiaeueiii
iacia/aiee. Aeinoaoi/ii ee ii aeaao naaoa e i?eyoai ee yoio naao aeey
aeac. Ioaeii ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiaoue eiiiiceoeeth iiiauaiey. Niaoeeaeenou
n/eoatho: aeey oiai /oiau iiiauaiea auei othoiui e eiioi?oiui a iai
aeieaeii auoue ia iaiaa o?ao enoi/ieeia eneonnoaaiiiai naaoa.
AEaeaoaeueii eniieueciaaoue ana o?e aeaea inaauaiey: oiiiaia (iauaa),
?aai/aa, aeoeaioe?othuaa (aeaei?aoeaiia). Iauay eiiiiceoeey naaoa
yaeyaony oaea/iie, anee naaoeeueieee, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia ?acee/iuo
o?iaiyo eiatho ?acee/ioth eioaineaiinoue naaoa, inaauaiea iiaeii
aa?uee?iaaoue.
Oaeaea oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue inaauaiea ?aciuo cii, n iiiiuueth
naaoa iiaeii i?aia?aceoue eioa?uea? caea. Iiaeii nicaeaoue yooaeo
ia?yuaai iioieea. Iniaia aieiaiea ioaeii oaeaeeoue i?aaiecaoeee
ia?oaeiiai inaauaiey naiiai caeaiey, auaanie e iiaeoiaeia e caeaieth.
Iii aeieaeii aa?iiie?iaaoue n ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie e i?eaeaeaoue
aieiaiea. Anee i?aaei?eyoea ?aniieiaeaii ia ooiiie ai?iaeneie
iaaeno?aee, oi inaauaiea aeieaeii auoue aeeiaie/iui e y?eei, a anee
?anoi?ai eee eaoa ?aniieiaeaiu a oeoeo oaieeao ai?iaea, oi
i?aaeii/oeoaeueii niieieiia inaauaiea, aa?iiie?othuaa n othoiui
eioa?uea?ii.
Iniiaiui i?aaiecaoeeiiiui e ooieoeeiie?othuei yeaiaioii eioa?uea?ia
i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey ieacuaathuei aeeyiea ia nicaeaiea eiioi?oiuo
oneiaee yaeyaony iaaaeue. E iaaaeueiui ecaeaeeyi i?aaeuyaeythony
neaaeothuea niaoeeaeueiua o?aaiaaiey:
Niioaaonoaea iaaaee n oa?aeoa?ii ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey, iineieueeo
naiiianeoaeeaaiea eee ianeoaeeaaiea ioeoeeaioaie aeeyao ia ieiuaaeue
noiea, ?ann/eoaiioth ia iaeii ianoi.
Niioaaonoaea oeio oi?aiaiai caea.
Oaeianoai – niioiioaiea iaaeaeo aunioie noiea e aunioie neaeaiuey nooea,
aunioie iiaeeieioieeia e nieieie e?anea.
Aeaeaie/iinoue, eioi?oth iaania/eaaao eniieueciaaiea niioaaonoaothueo
ioaeaei/iuo iaoa?eaeia.
Aeaaiui i?aaeiaoii iaaee?iaee i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey yaeyaony noie.
Iniiaiua eiino?oeoeaiua yeaiaiou – yoi noieaoieoea e iii?u. Noieaoieoeu
iiaoo auoue ?aciuo eiioeao?aoeee – e?oaeua, iaaeueiua, o?aoaieueiua e
naiuo ?aciuo ?acia?ia.
Ii aeaeo iii?u noieu iiaoo auoue iaeii, aeaoo, o?ao, /aou?ao iii?iua.
?acia?u noieia ii?aaeaeythony eo iacia/aieai – aeey ?anoi?aia –
iaaaeaiiua, oo?oaoiua, aaieaoiua.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee eioa?uea?a ia ioaeii caauaaoue i oii, /oi nia?aiaiiiai
/aeiaaea naaiaeiy aieiotho i?iaeaiu io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
nianoaaiiiai caei?iauey. Oaeay iiceoeey iaeeaaeuaaao ii?aaeaeaiiua
ia?aie/aiey ia iieao oaioacee a?oeoaeoi?a e aeecaeia?a. I?e ioi?ieaiee
eioa?uea?a iaaethaeaaony oaiaeaioeey e eniieueciaaieth yeieiae/anee
aaciianiuo iaoa?eaeia, ecaioiaeaiiuo ia yeieiae/anee /enouo
i?iecaiaenoaao.
Aeecaei eioa?uea?a oaeaea oniaoii eniieuecoaony a ea/anoaa
ia?eaoeiaiaiai e a?aeaeeiaiaiai eino?oiaioa. Iniaaiiinoe e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue eioa?uea?a ?anoi?aia, eaoa eee aa?a, noaiiayony
aaaeiaeoeie aeoeaioaie a ?aeeaia yoeo i?aaei?eyoee, iiiiaatho nicaeaoue
nianoaaiiue iaiiaoi?eiue eieaeae, noi?ie?iaaoue a n?aaea iauanoaaiiiai
ieoaiey ia?ac auniei eiioi?oiiai, iaaeaaeiiai e nieeaeiiai i?aaei?eyoey.
Iaee/ea aeinoaoi/iiai eiee/anoaa noieiaie iinoaeu, i?eai?ia e noieiaiai
aaeuey.
Aaaeiui oneiaeai iaania/aiey aunieie eoeueoo?u ianeoaeeaaiey ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey, yaeyaony iaee/ea aeinoaoi/iiai eiee/anoaa
noieiaie iinoaeu, i?eai?ia e noieiaiai aaeuey, niaea?aeaueony a
aacoei?eciaiiii ii?yaeea. Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey eniieuecoaony iinoaea
?acee/iuo aeaeia:
Oa?oi?iaay
Oayiniaay
Noaeeyiiay
O?onoaeueiay
Iaoaeee/aneay
Aea?aayiiay
Ieanoianniaay
Iinoaea ?aciaiai eniieueciaaiey
Eiee/anoai iinoaeu, aa eiiieaeoiinoue caaeneo io oeia i?aaei?eyoey,
iiuiinoe, ?aciiia?acey iaith, ?aaeeia ?aaiou, oi?i ianeoaeeaaiey,
eaoaai?ee i?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia.
Ana noieiaua i?eai?u aeaeyony ia 2 eaoaai?ee: iniiaiay e
aniiiiaaoaeueiay.
Iniiaiua, neoaeao aeey i?eaia ieue, aniiiiaaoaeueiua aeey ?aneeaaea
aethae:
Caeoni/iue i?eai? – iiae e aeeea. Eniieuecoaony aeey na?ae?iaee noiea
i?e iiaea/a oieiaeiuo aethae e caeonie anao aeaeia, a oaeaea aeey
iaeioi?uo ai?y/eo caeonie, ioee/athony io noieiaiai i?eai?a iaiueoeie
?acia?aie.
?uaiue i?eai? – iiae e aeeea, eniieuecoaony i?e iiaea/a aoi?uo ?uaiuo
aethae. Aeeea n /aou?ueiy ei?ioeeie coaoeaie e oaeoaeaieai aeey
ioaeaeaiey einoae. Iiae n ei?ioeei oe?ieei eacaeai a aeaea eiiaoi/ee.
Noieiaue i?eai? – iiae, aeeea, eiaeea. Eniieuecoaony i?e iiaea/a ia?auo
e aoi?uo aethae, i?e ionoonoaee niaoeeaeueiiai i?eai?a.
Aeana?oiue i?eai? – iiae, aeeea, eiaeea. Eniieuecoaony i?e iiaea/a
neaaeeeo aethae. Ii ?acia?o iaiiiai iaiueoa caeoni/iiai.
O?oeoiaue i?eai? – aeeea, iiae n ino?ui ei?ioeei eacaeai. Ioee/aaony io
aeana?oiiai iaiueoeie ?acia?aie.
Iniaaiiinoe iiaea/e iaeioi?uo aethae aucuaatho iaiaoiaeeiinoue
eniieueciaaoue niaoeeaeueiua i?eai?u:
I?eai? aeey ee?u – ninoieo ec eiiaoi/ee eee eiaea/ee e iiaea. Ii oi?ia
iiae iioiae ia iiae aeey ianea n oe?ieei cae?oaeaiiui eacaeai. A
?anoi?aiao ee?o iiaeatho a niaoeeaeueiie o?onoaeueiie eei?ieoea ia
na?aa?yiie iiaenoaaea, iaeiaeaiiie eueaeii.
I?eai? aeey ono?eoe – aeeea e iiae. Aeeea eiaao oe?ieea ino?ua coaoeu, n
aa iiiiuueth iyni ono?eoe ioaeaeytho io ?aeiaeiu
Ueioeu aeey iia?ia – n eo iiiiuueth ioeoeeaio eee ainoue ?aceaiuaatho
nonoaau e eeaoie iia?ia e eaiaonoia. Aeeea aeey iia?ia (ieea).
I?eai? aeey ?aeia – iiae e aeeea.
Ueioeu aeey oeeoie – i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey oaea?aeaiey ?aeiaei. I?e iiiiue
ino?icaaioouo coaoeia aeeee oeeoeo ecaeaeatho ec ?aeiaeiu.
Eae i?aaeei, niaoeeaeueiua i?eai?u oeeaaeuaathony ia iiaeniaiue noie e
eniieuecothony a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aethaei caeacaii.
Iiaeae?ay noieiaua i?eai?u, neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi, /oiau iie
niioaaonoaiaaee iinoaea ii noeeth.
Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ieoaiey aeey ioi?ieaiey caea e ianeoaeeaaiey
eniieuecothony ?acee/iua aeaeu noieiaiai aaeuey:
Iieueoiiu – ieaeiaa iie?uaaei ec oeaiaee, oiieiai aieeiea eee
eneonnoaaiiie oeaie n i?i?aceiaiiui iie?uoeai, eioi?ua noaethony
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia noieu n oeaeueth caueoeoue eo iiaa?oiinoe io ai?y/eo
aethae. Iie oaeaea i?aiyonoaotho neieueaeaieth e naeaeaaieth neaoa?oae e
iaania/eaatho aanooiiia ianeoaeeaaiea noieia.
Neaoa?oe aeieaeiu niioaaonoaiaaoue oi?ia e ?acia?ai, eniieuecoaiuo
noieia e naenaoue ni anao noi?ii ia 25 – 35 naioeiao?ia. Iineaaeiaa
a?aiy ana /aua eniieuecothony aeeeiiua e oe?ieea neaoa?oe, aeinoeaathuea
iiea, naa?oo iie iae?uaathony ni/aoaaiuie ii oeaaoo naeoaoeaie.
Naeoaoee. Eniieuecothony aieueoea ii ?acia?o – “naeoaoee – iie?uaaea”,
iie ii aeaeo, oeaaoo, ea/anoao iiaeae?athony iiae neaoa?oue. Ainoaaua
naeoaoee auaatho eaaae?aoiie oi?iu, ?acia?ii 40, 50, 60 eaaae?aoiuo
naioeiao?ia.
Ioeoeeaioneea ?o/ieee eiatho i?yiioaieueioth oi?io e ?acia? 40*80
naioeiao?ia. Eniieuecothony aeey iiaea/e aethae e ianeoaeeaaiey
eeeaioia.
Eeanne/aneei iaoa?eaeii aeey noieiaiai aaeuey yaeyaony eai e
oeii/aoiaoiaaeiay oeaiue, ii a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eniieuecoaony oiieia
oaeeiaia noeii, ae?ee, ae?aeii, i?enaio, iieoeai.
Ciaiea ineoieiae/aneeo iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe e i?ioeanna ianeoaeeaaiey.
Ciaiea iniiaiuo ineoieiae/aneeo caeiiiia?iinoae iicaieytho ethaeyi a
?acee/iuo neooaoeeyo iaoiaeeoue ineoieiae/anee i?aaeeueiia ?aoaiea. Iii
iiiiaaao ia oieueei aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia ae?oaeo ethaeae, ii e ?acaeaaoue
a naaa oa ea/anoaa, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu a yoie noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe.
A noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey iauay caeiiiia?iinoue a ineoieiaee eiaao
naiaia?acioth ie?aneo. Iiyoiio aeey iiieiaiey iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea
(eeeaioa) ?aaioieeo na?aena ioaeii ciaoue ineoieiaeth i?ioeanna
ianeoaeeaaiey, a /anoiinoe iioeau, i?e/eiu, oeaee, eioi?uie
?oeiaiaenoaoaony eeeaio i?e iinauaiee ?anoi?aia. Eiaeono?ey ieoaiey –
yoi niaoeeoe/aneay noa?a, aaea iauaiea ethaeae caieiaao aieaa 20%
?aai/aai a?aiaie. Oiaiea onoaiiaeoue ineoieiae/aneee eiioaeo n eeeaioii
– yoi i?ioanneiiaeueiia ea/anoai ?aaioieeia ?anoi?aia, eaoa e o. ae.
Ciaiea ineoieiaee ianeoaeeaaiey iiiiaaao ia?niiaeo:
Iiiyoue iiaaaeaiea eeeaioia, aeey auai?a iaeeo/oaai aa?eaioa eo
ianeoaeeaaiey.
Iiciaoue naie aioo?aiiee ie? a oeaeyo niciaoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
nianoaaiiiai iiaaaeaiey.
Eaaeaeue /aeiaae oi?ie?oaony a iauanoaa, eae iaiiaoi?eiay ee/iinoue n aa
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie i?eciaeaie, naienoaaie e iniaaiiinoyie.
Ineoieiaey ?acee/aao ethaeae ii oaiia?aiaioo, ii neoaeeo naiie iauae
oa?aeoa?enoeeie /aeiaaea, iaeeaaeuaaao ioia/aoie ia aai aeayoaeueiinoue.
Ia?niiae ianeoaeeaaiey aeieaeai o/eouaaoue iniaaiiinoe oaiia?aiaioa
eaaeaeiai eeeaioa, oae eae, i?e ianeoaeeaaiee eaaeaeiai ec ieo o?aaoaony
niaa?oaiii ?acee/iay oaeoeea.
N?aaee ineoieiae/aneeo naienoa ia?niiaea ianeoaeeaaiey iniaia cia/aiea
eiatho aieiaiea, iaiyoue e ?a/ue. Iia?aoeey ii ianeoaeeaaieth eeeaioia
o?aaoao iinoiyiiie eiioeaio?aoeee aieiaiey, oi anoue iaiaoiaeeii ana
oaeaeaoue, ana oneuoaoue, ana neacaoue. Ia eiioeaio?aoeeth aieiaiey
aeeyao eiee/anoai iauaeoia. ?aaioa ioeoeeaioa o?aaoao auno?iai
ia?aeeth/aiey aieiaiey, eiaaea iaiaoiaeeii io iaeiie iia?aoeee ia?aeoe e
ae?oaie. ?acaeoay iaiyoue iicaieyao ioeoeeaioo eaaei caiiiieoue
iaeiaiiaaiey aethae e iaieoeia, eia?aaeeaiou, oeaiu e oaoiieiaeth
ianeoaeeaaiey. Ioeoeeaio aeieaeai auoue anaaaea aioia auno?i e
i?aaeeueii aini?iecaanoe ii iaiyoe ana naaaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiua aeey
ianeoaeeaaiey eiie?aoiiai eeeaioa. Eeeaioo ioaeii i?aaeeaaaoue oieueei
oi, /oi, ii iiaieth ioeoeeaioa, aio iiaeao iii?aaeoueny. Ioaeii iiiieoue
i oii, /oi ia noieo ioiaeaeanoaeyoue naie aeon ni aeonii ainoae, oae eae
anee aeonu ia niaiaaeoo, aicieeioo ineiaeiaiey. O ?aciuo eeeaioia
i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i i?aaeinoaaeaiee oneoae i?ienoiaeeo ii – naiaio:
iaeei i?eieiaao ?aoaiea naiinoiyoaeueii
ae?oaea i?eaaaatho e niaaoo i?ioanneiiaea.
Ia neaaeoao ioe?iaaiii iaaycuaaoue oneoao. A ethaii neo/aa iineaaeiaa
neiai i?e ninoaaeaiee caeaca inoaaony ca eeeaioii. Iaaei oieueei
oaeoe/ii, n iiieiaieai aeaea iiaeaanoe aai e i?eiyoeth iieiaeeoaeueiiai
?aoaiey.
Caeai/eaay ianeoaeeaaiea, neaaeoao iiaeaaiaea?eoue eeeaioa ca oi /oi ii
ainiieueciaaeny oneoaaie eiaiii yoiai i?aaei?eyoey e au?aceoue
iaaeaaeaeo, /oi a aeaeueiaeoai aai iinauaiey aoaeoo iinoiyiiuie.
N oi/ee c?aiey ineoieiaee ioeoeeaio i?e ianeoaeeaaiee eeeaioia aeieaeai
eniieueciaaoue niaoeeaeueiua i?eaiu:
“Caneoaee aeiaa?ea”:
aa?ue a oi, /oi aiai?eoue
oaaaee ainoy a oii, /oi ou aai enoeiiue ae?oa
anee aethaei ia i/aiue /anoii aio ia yoii neaaee
ii?aeiiaiaeoe /oi – ie aoaeue iiaeaoaaea, e /a?ac ieiooo oeaiu ioieaeoo
ia aoi?ie ieai, a niaaou ioeoeeaioa noaioo aaaeiu.
“Aoaeue aacoi?a/iui”:
aaaeii /oiau n ia?auo naeoiae ainoue iiiye, /oi iiiae e yia?ae/iiio e
neiiaoe/iiio /aeiaaeo
ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia ?a/ue
iai?eioaeaeaiiay oeuaea
aiaoiee aeae.
Noaiue oicyeiii iieiaeaiey.
I/aiue iyaei caeie a ?acaiai?a yoi ianoi, i?aa?aoenue a /aeiaaea,
eioi?iio ainoue ia?aaeano naia i?aai ninoaaeoue caeac.
Aicaoaee aieiaiea eeeaioa.
Aieiaiea – eioa?an – aeaeaiea – caeac.
Oiae caaeaaaoue aii?inu.
Aeey oiai /oiau ecaaaeaoue nii?iuo neooaoeee, ioaeii caaeaaaoue
neaaeothuea aii?inu:
ia oioeoa ee au…
ia aeaeaaoa ee au…
ia eaaeaony ee aai…
ia aeoiaaoa ee au…
?acaiai?e ainoy.
Ai a?aiy ?acaiai?a aieiaoaeueii neooaeoa, /oi aiai?eo ainoue.
Ciaiea e niaethaeaiea ia?niiaeii yoe/aneeo ii?i e i?aaee ianeoaeeaaiey.
Iniaia ianoi a ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey caieiaao yoe/aneay noi?iia
ianeoaeeaaiey. Aunieay yoe/aneay eoeueoo?a – iaycaoaeueiay /a?oa
eaaeaeiai ?aaioieea eiaeono?ee ianeoaeeaaiey – yoi ia?aaeoaa
i?aanoaaiiia o?aaiaaiea. A?oainoue, aanoaeoiinoue, i?aiaa?aaeeoaeueiia
ioiioaiea e ethaeyi iaaeiionoeiu a ethaie noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe, a a
noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey oai aieaa. Iacaaeneii io eniieuecoaiiai iaoiaea
ianeoaeeaaiey ana ?aaioieee i?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey aeieaeiu
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?aaeeaie, iai?aaeaiiuie, ia
nicaeaiea o ainoy iaeneiaeueiiai /oanoaa eiioi?oa. A ea/anoaa iniiaiiai
i?aaeea neaaeoao onaieoue oi, /oi ia?niiae aacoei?eciaiii aaaeeea,
aieiaoaeai e oaeoe/ai. Ainoe aeieaeiu anaaaea aeaeaoue ianeoaeeaathuee
ia?niiae, ii ieeiaaea ia aeieaeiu neuoaoue eo ?acaiai?u iaaeaeo niaie.
Iiioey?iinoue iiiaeo i?aaei?eyoee ieoaiey /anoi iaoiaeeony a i?yiie
caaeneiinoe io yoe/aneie eoeueoo?u ianeoaeeaaiey.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua, i?aaiecaoeeiiiua e ynoaoe/aneea aniaeou ia
en/a?iuaatho anao oi?i eoeueoo?u ianeoaeeaaiey a nia?aiaiiii ?anoi?aia.
*oiau ianeoaeeaaiea auei aeaenoaeoaeueii eoeueoo?iui ia aeinoaoi/ii
eiaoue nia?aiaiiia, e e?aneaia i?aaei?eyoea n oaoie/aneei
iai?oaeiaaieai. Aaaeii ?aniieaaaoue ia yoii i?aaei?eyoee
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuie, ciathueie naia aeaei eaae?aie. Aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiia
ioiioaiea e eeeaioo aeieaeii i?iyaeyoueny n oiai iiiaioa, eiaaea ii
ia?anooiee ii?ia ?anoi?aia, oae eae aaaeeeaay, aieiaoaeueiay ano?a/a a
ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a niaeaenoaoao iiauoaieth eo ineoieiae/aneiai iano?iy.
I/aiue aaaeii iaania/eoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeoiae e eeeaioai, ii
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi au o/eouaaaoa ee/iua ea/anoaa, eioa?anu,
neeiiiinoe. Aanue ia?niiae ianeoaeeaaiey aeieaeai eiaoue oaa?aeia
i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?aanoaaiiuo o?aaiaaieyo, i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e eo ?aaioa.
I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i i?eaia ia ?aaioo oeaeaniia?acii auynieoue noaiaiue
ia?aciaaiiinoe eaiaeeaeaoa, iaeaaeaao ee ii eiiioieeaaaeueiuie
niiniaiinoyie, no?annionoie/ea ee /aeiaae, eiioeeeoai e o. ae.
Ciaiea e niaethaeaiea i?aaee onoaiaaeeaathueo ii?yaeie e i/a?aaeiinoue
ianeoaeeaaiey ainoae.
I?e ianeoaeeaaiee ii iaith “ A ey ea?o” i?aeiouanoaii iieuecothony eeoea
noa?oaai aic?anoa ia?aae ieaaeoeie. AEaiueiu ia?aae ioae/eiaie, ai a?aiy
oi?aeanoaaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee i?aaeii/oaiea ioaeaaony aeiiaieeo oi?aeanoaa.
Aieaa neiaeiui i?aaenoaao aii?in i oii n eiai neaaeoao ia/eiaoue i?e
ianeoaeeaaiee niaoeeaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee. A oneiaeyo aeeieiiaoe/aneeo
i?eaiia yoe i?aaeea iaiythony, ianeoaeeaaiea ia/eiaaony n ii/aoiuo
ainoae, ioaeii iiiieoue i oii, /oi ia ioeoeeaeueiuo i?eaiao e aaieaoao
ia ?aaeei i?enoonoaotho /eaiu naiae. Anee ca noieii iaoiaeyony noi?oae
ieieno?ia ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa, oi ianeoaeeaaiea ia/eiaaony ia n ieo, a n
ieieno?a ainoy e ieieno?a oicyeia. A ?aieao niaoeeaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee
ioeoeeaio iii/a?aaeii ianeoaeeaaao anao ainoae a ii?yaeea iauaai ?aiaa.
I?e ia?aaeaeaeaiee ii caeo aeaenoaotho i?aaeea:
i?e ano?a/iii aeaeaeaiee eaee ii i?aaie noi?iia
iaaiiye oieueei neaaa
aiacaiii ia inoaiaaeeaaeny
ecaaaae iaioaeiuo aeaeaeaiee e o. ae.
I?e na?ae?iaea noieia e a i?ioeanna ianeoaeeaaiey ioeoeeaio anaaaea
aeaeaeaony aia?aae. ?aaioa auiieiyaony ei n i?aaie noi?iiu io ainoy,
ianeoaeeaay aai iaoiaeeoue noie neaaa e iaiai?io.
Noie n i?aaie noi?iiu io ainoy:
?aneeaaeuaatho i?eai?u, eioi?ua eaaeao ni?aaa (eiaeee e iiaee)
?annoaaeytho e oae?atho aieaeu e ?thiee, oa?aeee, i?eai?u, aooueee,
naeoaoee
iiaeatho aooueee n aeeiaieueiuie iaieoeaie
?aceeaatho iaieoee
?annoaaeytho oa?aeee n noiii
iiaeatho eee iaeeaatho ai?y/eoaeueiua iaieoee
iiaeatho iaith
iiaeatho oa?aeee n oaaa/iuie ecaeaeeyie.
Neaaa:
?aneeaaeuaatho i?eai?u, eioi?ua eaaeao neaaa (aeeee)
?aneeaaeuaatho ianei, i?aaeeaaatho aueiaeeoue ia aethaei ieuo
?annoaaeytho e oae?atho ie?iaeeiaua e caeoni/iua oa?aeee, naeaoieee
i?aaeeaaatho ainoyi iiaeiin aeey oai?ee iaioaeiie iinoaeu
i?aaeeaaatho neaa?aou, eioi?ua ainoue nai aeinoaao ec ia/ee.
Ciaiea e niaethaeaiea niaoeeaeueiuo i?aaee i?aaeeiaeaiey e ioionea
?acee/iuo aethae e iaieoeia.
I?aaeiinueeie eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey ainoae ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
ieoaiey, yaeyaony ianoiyoaeuenoai ciaiey niaoeeaeueiuo i?aaee
i?aaeeiaeaiey e ioionea ?acee/iuo aethae e iaieoeia, a oae aea
oaoiieiae/aneeo iaaueia e i?eaiia eo iiaea/e.
Oieiaeiua caeonee:
iie niinianoaotho aicaoaeaeaieth aiiaoeoa, iiyoiio aeieaeiu eiaoue
i?eaeaeaoaeueiue aeae.
Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue iiaea/e:
?uaiay aano?iiiiey (ee?a, ?uaa, oi?iou)
?uaiua aethaea nianoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa (?uaa ioaa?iay, caeeaiay, iiae
ia?eiaaeii)
iyniay aano?iiiiey
iyniua caeonee nianoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
iaiue
naeaou (?uaiua, iyniua, iaiuiua, ye/iua)
nu?
Oaiia?aoo?a iiaeaaaaiuo oieiaeiuo caeonie aeieaeia auoue ia auoa 14
a?aaeonia, iaiue iiaeatho a naeaoieea n ieuaaui eueaeii. Oieiaeiua
caeonee iiaeathony ia caeoni/iuo oa?aeeao aeey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo oa?aeie
eee iaoaeee/aneeo eee oa?oi?iauo aethaeao e?oaeie eee iaaeueiie oi?iu
?ann/eoaiiuo ia a?oiio.
Aeey ?aneeaaeee caeonie a caaeneiinoe io eo aeaea i?eiaiytho eiaeeo
noieiaoth, eiaeeo aeana?oioth eee aeeeo. Ec niaoeeaeueiuo i?eai?ia
eniieuecotho eiiaoee, i?eai?u aeey naeaoia, ueioeu.
Ai?y/ea caeonee:
iiaeatho ia?aae iniiaiui aethaeii e eae i?aaeei a oie niaoeeaeueiie
iinoaea a eioi?ie iie i?eaioiaeyeenue.
Noiu:
iiaeathony iinea caeonie, ii oaiia?aoo?a auaatho ai?y/ea e oieiaeiua.
Ai?y/ea – 74 a?aaeona, oieiaeiua io 7 aei 14 a?aaeonia.
A caaeneiinoe io oaoiieiaee i?eaioiaeaiey noiu aeaeyony ia neaaeothuea
aeaeu:
i?ic?a/iua (aoeueiiu)
cai?aai/iua (ue, ai?u)
ith?aia?aciua
iiei/iua
oieiaeiua
o?oeoiai – yaiaeiua
Aeaeu noiia ii?aaeaeytho eo iinoaeo e niiniau eo iiaea/e. Noiu iiaeatho
a oa?aeeao, aoeueiiiuo /aoeao, a noiieoea. I?e iiaea/a iaeioi?uo aeaeia
cai?aai/iuo noiia e noiia iaoeeiiaeueiuo eooiiue eniieuecothony
ii?oeeiiiua ai?y/ea ai?oi/ee, a eioi?uo iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?eaioiaeyeny
noi.
Aoi?ua aethaea:
anni?oeiaio aoi?uo aethae, i?aaeeaaaaiuo eeeaioai ?anoi?aia
?aciiia?acai, eae ii eniieuecoaiiio nu?ueth, oae e ii niiniao oaieiaie
ia?aaioee.
Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue:
?uaiua
iyniua
ioeoea e aee/ue
iaiuiua
e?oiyiua
ye/iua
iiei/iua
io/iua
Aoi?ua aethaea iiaeatho a ai?y/ai aeaea, i?e oaiia?aoo?a 65 a?aaeonia,
nionu e iei – 75 a?aaeonia, caeaciua aethaea – 80 – 90 a?aaeonia. *oiau
nio?aieoue oaiia?aoo?o aethae, oa?aeee aeey iiaea/e neaaeoao
iiaeia?aaaoue aei oaiia?aoo?u 40 – 45 a?aaeonia.
Aeeiaieueiua iaieoee:
Nouanoaoao neaaeothuay i/a?aaeiinoue iiaea/e aei. Ia?i/iua neaaeoao
iiaeaaaoue iinea i?aeeia?iuo. Neaaeeea aeana?oiua aeia iinea nooeo e
iieoneaaeeeo.
Aeia e aethaea iiaeaaaaiua e iei:
Aaeia aeii – e ?uaa, ii?ai?iaeoeoai e aeiiaoiae ioeoea, e?aniia – e
aethaeai ec iyna e aee/e.
E iaooaoai e caeoneai ec a?oeoieia, aaieaaei, ?aaeena, iao?oeia, aeuie,
eii/aiie ?uau, eieaanu, yeoe – iiaeatho nooie oa?an (e?aieaiia aeii,
i?iecaiaeyo ia thai-caiaaea Eniaiee). E eaei?eeiui naeaoai (Ieeauea,
Noiee/iue) – eaaeea e?aniua aeia. E ?aeai, e?aaai, e?aaaoeai eo/oa anaai
iiaeoiaeeo nooia aaeia aeii. E ono?eoeai iiaeatho oaiiaineia, ioneao eee
oaaee. E noiai iiaeaaaoue aeii ia i?eiyoi. ?uaiua aethaea n neeueiui
niaoeeoe/aneei aeonii oi?ioi ni/aoathony n aaeui ao?aoiaeneei aeiii.
Iieiaeia iicaeueneia eee eoa?neia aeii aieueoa iiaeoiaeeo e ?uaa n
iaaeiui oiieei aeonii. E eininth eee naiaa iiaeatho aaeia ao?aoiaeneia
eee ?eneeia. Nooea aaeua aeia i?ae?anii ni/aoathony n aethaeaie ec
naeieiu eee aiayaeeiu. E ii?inaieo eee oaeyoeia aieueoa iiaeoiaeyo
e?aniua aeia – ao?aoiaeneia eee ai?aei. E ?aao e aethaeai ec aea?aiiai
iyna – iaiaoeeea e?aniua aeia. E aao/eia iiaeatho ao?aoiaeneia eee
ai?aei. Anee aao/eia eii/aiiay – e?aieea e?aniua aeia. Aonoia e?aniia
aeii i?ae?anii ni/aoaaony n aee/ueth. Anee aea ioeoea iieiaeay e iyni o
iaa iaaeiia, iiaeii iiaeaoue nooia aaeia aeii. Aethaea ec ii/ae, ia/aie
e ae?., noai?iaeoeoia o?aaotho i?inouo aaeuo aei. E?aniia ai?aei e aaeia
ao?aoiaeneia iiaeatho e aethaeai ec aeiiaoiae ioeoeu – i?aaeaea anaai e
eo?eoea. E?aniia ai?aei iiaeoiaeeo e e aethaeai ec aee/e, ao?aoiaeneia e
iaooaoai. E nu?ai iiaeatho eae e?aieea e?aniua aeia, oae e ii?oaaei.
Iaiaoeeea e eoaeueyineea nu?u ni/aoathony n eoaeueyineeie e?aniuie
aeiaie. Neaaeeea aethaea e aeana?ou nii?iaiaeaeatho iaaea?o, e?aniue
ii?oaaei, ioneao, oieaeneia e ae?oaea neaaeeea aeana?oiua aeia.
N aethaeaie ianoiie eooie eo/oa ni/aoathony aeia, i?iecaaaeaiiua a yoii
aea ?aaeiia, – ?aaeiiaeueiue i?eioeei.
Anee aethaei aioiaeony a aeia, oi eiaiii n yoei ni?oii aeia aai iaaei
iiaeaaaoue – nioniue i?eioeei. Eneeth/aiey aeiioneathony, eiaaea
i?aaeiieaaaaony iiaea/a aei?iaeo eee noa?uo aei. A yoeo neo/ayo eo
neaaeoao caiaieoue iaiaa aei?iaie e auaea?aeaiiie i?iaeoeoeeae.
Nie?oiaay e?aiinoue e eiioeaio?aoeey a?iiaoia aei aeieaeiu
niioaaonoaiaaoue aeoniaui oa?aeoa?enoeeai aethae: oiieea e iaaeiua
aethaea caneoaeeaatho oiieeo aei, a iaeeueiay e ieioiay ieua o?aaoao aei
aieaa neeueiuo (neeiaie i?eioeei).
I?eioeei acaeiiaeaenoaey a?iiaoia i?aaeiieaaaao aa?iiieth caiaoia, oioy
eiiaaea eiio?ano iaaeaeo a?iiaoaie aeia e aethae auaaao i?eyoiui.
Neaaeoao oae aea ?acee/aoue aa?oeeaeueiia e ai?eciioaeueiia ni/aoaiea
aethae e aei. Nouiinoue aa?oeeaeueiiai ni/aoaiey caeeth/aaony a iiaeai?a
aeia e eaaeaeiio i?aaeeaaaaiiio a iaith aethaeo. Ai?eciioaeueiia
ni/aoaiea caeeth/aaony a i?aaeeiaeaiee aeia e oeaeiio iaaaeo (oaeeio),
/oi inouanoaeoue ai?acaei o?oaeiaa.
Aeoniaua e a?iiaoe/aneea aauanoaa iaieoeia i?eia?aoatho iaeaieaa
au?aaeaiiue oa?aeoa? i?e ioionea eo a noaeeyiiie iinoaea
niioaaonoaothueo oi?iu, aieinoe e oeaaoa. Aieinoue iinoaeu caaeneo io
e?aiinoe iaieoea: /ai ii e?ai/a, oai iaiueoa aeieaeia auoue aieinoue.
Any aeiiay iinoaea aeieaeia auoue ec aanoeaaoiiai noaeea, /oiau ainoue
iia ioeaieoue oeaao e i?ic?a/iinoue aeia.
?aoathuei oneiaeai aeey iaeaieaa iieiiai auyaeaiey aeoniauo ea/anoa
aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia yaeyaony niaethaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiie oaiia?aoo?u
i?e eo iiaea/a.
I?e i?aaeeiaeaiee aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue e a?aiy
aiaea. A aea?eea aeie neaaeoao ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue aaeua nooea aeia,
iaeaaeathuea inaaaeathuei aeonii, ceiie – e?aniua noieiaua e?aieea aeia,
eiiueyee.
Iinoaea aeey iiaea/e iaieoeia
IaieoieAeae eniieuecoaiie iinoaeuAieinoue (eoa. ni.)Eeea?
Eiiueye
Aiaeea, ai?ueeea ianoieee, iaeeaee
E?aieaiua e aeana?oiua aeia
Aaeua nooea e iieonooea aeia
E?aniia noieiaia aeii
Oaiiaineia e ea?enoua aeia
Ieai
Aenee ni eueaeii, niaeiaay, ioio ni eueaeii
?thiea
?thiea oeia otheueiai
?thiea
?thiea iaaea?iay
?thiea ?aeiaaeiay
?thiea eaoeoiay
Aieaeu
Ieaiua e?oaeee
Noaeaiu eiioniua eee oeeeeiae?e/aneea n ooieuaiiui aeiii25
35
50
75
100
125
125 – 150
250 – 500
300
Oaiia?aoo?a iaieoeia i?e iiaea/a
IaieoieOaiia?aoo?aAiaeea, aenee, aeaeei
Ai?ueeea ianoieee, eeea?u anao iaeiaiiaaiee
O?aioeocneee eiiueye
Aaeua noieiaua aeia
E?aniua noieiaua aeia
Aeana?oiua aeia, aa?ioou
Ea?enoua aeia
Nooia e iieonooia oaiiaineia
Neaaeeia e ioneaoiia oaiiaineia
Ieai naaoeuo ni?oia
Ieai oaiiuo ni?oia
Aeeiaieueiua eieoaeee4 – 6
10 – 15
18 – 19
8 – 12
16 – 18, ceiie 20
13 – 16
6 – 8
8 – 10
14 – 16
8 – 10
10 – 12
4 – 5
I?e iiaea/a aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi iaieoee aeey
a?oiiu ainoae iiaeatho a aooueea, aeey iaeiiai ainoy – a a?aoeia
niioaaonoaothuae aieinoe.
I?aaeaea /ai iinoaaeoue aooueeo n caeacaiiui iaieoeii ia noie, ioeoeeaio
aeieaeai iieacaoue aa ainoth. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau aooueea auea
ia?auaia yoeeaoeie e ainoth, /oi iicaieeo aio oaaaeeoueny a
i?aaeeueiinoe auiieiaiey caeaca. Ioe?uaaoue aooueeo iiaeii oieueei a
i?enoonoaee e n ?ac?aoaiey ainoy.
Iinea iieaca aooueee e aa ioe?uoey ioeoeeaio iaeeaaao ainoth i?iaiue
aeioie. Iieo/ea niaeanea, ioeoeeaio iaiieiyao ?thiee (aieaeu) anao
i?enoonoaothueo ca noieii ainoae e iineaaeiei – ?thieo (aieae) oicyeia
canoieuey. I?e ianeoaeeaaiee aieueoie a?oiiu ainoae i?iaiue aeioie
oicyeio (i?aaiecaoi?o) ia iaeeaatho.
A aiaei/iua, iaaea?iua e ?aeiaaeiua ?thiee iaieoie ia aeieeaatho ia
iienaioeiao?a. Eaoeoiua ?thiee e aieaeu aeey oaiiaineiai caiieiytho ia
2/3, ooaea?u – ia iieiaeio.
Aeey oiai /oiau aeieeoue ia auieoue aei eiioea iaieoie, iaiaoiaeeii
i?aaeaea iieo/eoue ia yoi niaeanea ainoy.
I?aaeeiaeaiea e iiaea/a aacaeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia. Ieia?aeueiay aiaea e
aace?iaaiiua aacaeeiaieueiua iaieoee aeieaeiu auoue ioeaaeaeaiu aei 4 –
6 a?aaeonia. Aooueee n iaieoeaie ioeoeeaio i?eiineo a ?oea eee ia
iiaeiina e ioe?uaaao oieueei a i?enoonoaee ainoy, iaieoie iaeeaatho a
ooaea? aei iieiaeiu eee ia 1/3.
Ioeaaeaeaiioth aiaeo ni eueaeii iiaeatho a eoaoeiao eee a?aoeiao, i?e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii ianeoaeeaaiee – a noaeaia eiie/aneie eee
oeeeeiae?e/aneie oi?iu.
Niee, eaan, ii?n, i?ioeaaeeoaeueiua iaieoee nianoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
iiaeatho a eoaoeiao, iaeeaatho a eiie/aneea noaeaiu eee ooaea?u. E
oiiaoiiio e iaiuiui nieai iiaeatho ioaeaeueii nieue e /a?iue ia?aoe.
Ciaiea iniiaiuo i?aaee na?ae?iaee noiea.
I?ioeann na?ae?iaee – yoi ioaaonoaaiiue e oai?/aneee i?ioeann,
oa?aeoa?ecothueeny iiiaiaa?eaioiinoueth e anaoeaei caaenyuee io oeia,
eaoaai?ee e niaoeeaeecaoeee i?aaei?eyoey ieoaiey. Iaeiaei nouanoaotho e
i?aaeea na?ae?iaee:
noieu na?ae?otho a caaeneiinoe io aeaea iaith (caao?ae, iaaae, oaeei,
/ae, eioa, aaieao)
na?ae?iaea iiaeao auoue i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie e aeiiieieoaeueiie.
Aeey caao?aea (i?e ianeoaeeaaiee, iai?eia?, oo?enoia) na?ae?iaea noiea
aeeth/aao ie?iaeeiaoth oa?aeeo, caeoni/iua i?eai?u e iieioiyioth
naeoaoeo. A caaeneiinoe io i?aaeeaaaaiiai iaith iiaeao auoue aua iiae
aeey ianea, /aeiay eiaeea, caeoni/iay oa?aeea.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiay na?ae?iaea noieia a aeiaaiia a?aiy aeeth/aao:
ii niaoeeaeueiiio iaith (ieieiaeueiay na?ae?iaea): ie?iaeeiaoth oa?aeeo,
noieiaua i?eai?u (iiae, aeeeo, eiaeeo), ooaea?, naeoaoee, i?eai? ni
niaoeeyie, oeaaou;
ii iaith caeaciuo aethae: caeoni/ioth e ie?iaeeiaoth oa?aeee, noieiaua
(iiae e aeeeo) i?eai?u, ooaea?, iieioiyioth naeoaoeo, i?eai? ni
niaoeeyie.
A aa/a?iaa a?aiy na?ae?iaeo aeiiieiytho caeoni/iuie i?eai?aie, a
noieiaoth eiaeeo oae?atho.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiay na?ae?iaea aaieaoiiai noiea aeeth/aao iaeeoth
noieiaoth, caeoni/ioth e ie?iaeeiaoth oa?aeee, noieiaua (aac eiaeee),
?uaiua e caeoni/iua i?eai?u, naeoaoeo, ooaea?, eiiaaea aeana?oiua
i?eai?u.
Oieueei iinea i?eia caeaca io ?anoi?aiiie eeeaioo?u n o/aoii aai
iniaaiiinoae ioeoeeaio aeiiieiyao na?ae?iaeo noiea iaiaoiaeeiie iinoaeie
e i?eai?aie.
Aeey iiaea/e /ay eee eioa /aeiia (eioaeiia) aethaeoea noaayo ni?aaa io
aeana?oiie oa?aeee ia o?iaia aa?oiaai aa e?ay. Niioaaonoaothuoth /aoeo
onoaiaaeeaatho ia aethaeoea ?o/eie ai?aai.
*aeioth (eioaeioth) eiaeeo eeaaeoo ia aethaeoea ni?aaa io /aoee
ia?aeeaeueii aa ?o/ea.
Iaiaoiaeeii auiieiaiea neaaeothueo i?aaee i?e na?ae?iaea noiea:
anni?oeiaio noieiaie iinoaeu e i?eai?ia, eniieuecoaiue aeey na?ae?iaee,
aeieaeai niioaaonoaiaaoue iaoiaeo ianeoaeeaaiey e iaith;
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue noaayo oa?oi?iaoth iinoaeo, caoai – noieiaua i?eai?u
e oieueei iinea yoiai – o?onoaeueioth eee noaeeyiioth iinoaeo aeey
iaieoeia, naeoaoee, i?eai?u ni niaoeeyie (nieue, ia?aoe), oeaaou.
Iaiaeueieoeu noaayo ii i?inueaa iio?aaeoaeae a oao ?anoi?aiao, aaea
?ac?aoaii eo?eoue a caea;
i?eaioe?ii a ?ani?aaeaeaiee i?aaeiaoia na?ae?iaee neoaeao neeaaeee ia
neaoa?oe eee ?aniieiaeaiea e?anae, eioi?ua iau/ii noaayo ii eiee/anoao
iio?aaeoaeae n eioa?aaeii (aeey oaeianoaa ianeoaeeaaiey) ia iaiaa 30
naioeiao?ia.
Ioeoeeaio, acya noiieo (4 – 6 oo.) ie?iaeeiauo oa?aeie a i?aaoth ?oeo
(noaaeo /a?ac e?ae ?o/ieea ia eaaeiiue e iiaeaea?aeeaaao aieueoei
iaeueoeai), eaaie ?oeie, eanaynue iaeueoeaie oieueei aeia e e?ay ai?oeea
oa?aeie, ?annoaaeyao eo ia noieu neaaa (ia ?annoiyiee 10 – 15
naioeiao?ia io i?aaeiieaaaaiie iniiaiie oa?aeee – ii oeaio?o e?anea). Io
e?ay noiea oa?aeeo ?aniieaaatho ia ?annoiyiee 3 – 5 ni. oae, /oiau
iinoaaeaiiay caoai noieiaay iaeeay eee caeoni/iay oa?aeea n iiaeaiiui
aethaeii auea ia iaeiie ine n ie?iaeeiaie.
Iinea oiai eae ?annoaaeaiu oa?aeee, ioeoeeaio i?enooiaao e
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie na?ae?iaea noieia i?eai?aie. Ioeoeeaio aa?ao i?eai?u
/a?ac naeoaoeo a ?oeo.
Aeeee eeaaeoo ni?aaa io ie?iaeeiaie oa?aeee coaoeaie aaa?o;
ca aeeeie ia ?annoiyiee i?eia?ii 20 – 25 ni. io iaa (/oiau iaaeaeo
i?eai?aie iiianoeeanue caeoni/iay oa?aeea) ?aciauatho iiae eacaeai e
oa?aeea. ?o/ee aeeie e iiaeae aeieaeiu auoue ?aniieiaeaiu io e?ay noiea
ia ?annoiyiee 2 ni. Iaaeaeo caeoni/iuie aeeeie e iiaeii ia ?annoiyiee 20
– 24 ni. io e?iiee noiea ?aneeaaeuaatho, anee yoi iaiaoiaeeii, /aeiua
eiaeee ?o/eie ai?aai.
Caoai ?annoaaeytho ooaea?u i?ioea eii/eea eacaey iiaea. Ioeoeeaio aa?ao
ooaea?u i?aaie ?oeie ca iiaeee, ia?aai?a/eaaao, iiiauaao ii 4 – 6 oo.
iaaeaeo iaeueoeaie eaaie ?oee, ianao e noieo e , aea?aea eo ca na?aaeeio
iiaeee, i?aaie ?oeie ?annoaaeyao.
Caaa?oatho na?ae?iaeo noiea neiaeaiiie naeoaoeie, eioi?oth eeaaeoo ia
ianoi, aaea aeieaeia caoai noiyoue oa?aeea n iiaeaiiui aethaeii.
Naeoaoeo iiaeii iieiaeeoue e ia ie?iaeeiaoth oa?aeeo.
Iaith ?anoi?aia.
Aeceoiie ea?oi/eie ?anoi?aia ethaiai oeia yaeyaony aai iaith,
i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie ia?a/aiue caeonie, aethae, iaieoeia (n oeacaieai
oeai e aana ii?oeee), eiathueony a i?iaeaaea a oa/aiea anaai a?aiaie
?aaiou.
Ieaie?iaaoue iaith – cia/eoue i?aaeiieaaaoue, eaeea eeeaiou aoaeoo
iinauaoue ?anoi?ai, ii?aaeaeeoue anni?oeiaio e oeaiu. Ia?aae oai eae
aeeth/eoue aethaei a iaith, ioaeii ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaea?o aai
i?eaioiaeaiey, auynieoue aiciiaeiinoe i?eia?aoaiey oao eee eiuo
i?iaeoeoia, eo noieiinoue.
?acee/atho neaaeothuea aeaeu iaith:
Noaoe/iia – ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeaiiia iaith ia aeeeoaeueiue ia?eiae a?aiaie.
Oeeeee/aneia – iieiay i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue noaoe/aneiio. Oaeia iaith
i?aaenoaaeyao oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe aeey eeeaioa. Oeeeee/aneia iaith
i?aaeeaaaao iaai? naeaoia, iyniuo e ?uaiuo aethae, caeonie e aeana?oia,
eioi?ua iaiythony aaeaaeiaaii.
“A ey ea?o” (a la carte) – iaith, a eioi?ii eaaeaeia aethaei oeacaii ni
naiae ioaeaeueiie oeaiie.
“A ia?o” (a part) – i?e auai?a aethaea e iaieoea ec iaith eeeaioia
i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho i a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeiii aeey aai i?eaioiaeaiey.
“Aeth AEo?” (du jour) – ia?a/eneyao aeaaeo?iua aethaea, o. a. aeiaaiua,
a oae aea iiioey?iua, aeaoaaua, eae i?aaeei, auno?iai i?eaioiaeaiey.
“Oaaeueaeio” (table d hote) – iaith n aaeeiie eiiieaeniie oeaiie. A
oeaio aeeth/aaony ana io caeonee aei aeana?oa.
Aeae iaith i?aaeinoaaeyao ?anoi?aio aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeeoueny n?aaee
naieo eiieo?aioia. Aoaeo/e yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii iauaiey, ia?eaoeiaa e
eiio?iey oeai, iaith aoaeao ii i?aaeiaio inoaaaoueny i?iaiaeieeii iniauo
eioa?ania iio?aaeoaey, iineieueeo iii aeieaeii iinoiyiii au?aaeaoue
iio?aaiinoe e ii?aaaeuaaoue iaeeaeaiey eeeaioo?u.
Ianeoaeeaaiea ainoae a caea ?anoi?aia.
Aeaaiui ?anii?yaeeoaeai e i?aaiecaoi?ii anae ?aaiou yaeyaony
iao?aeioaeue. Oo?ii iao?aeioaeue i?iaa?yao ninoiyiea oi?aiauo iiiauaiee:
ea/anoai oai?ee, iaee/ea iaaaee, iai?oaeiaaiey, inaauaiey. Ciaeiieony n
caienyie iao?aeioaey i?aaeuaeouae niaiu, iaee/eai i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
i?eiyouo caeacia ia ianeoaeeaaiea. A oa/aiea ?aai/aai aeiy iao?aeioaeue
iaaethaeaao, iai?aaeyao e eiio?iee?oao ?aaioo ioeoeeaioia e ae?oaeo
iiae/eiaiiuo aio ?aaioieeia. Ano?aoeoue ainoae e i?eaeaneoue eo e noieo
– iaycaiiinoue iao?aeioaey. Iao?aeioaeue iaycai auneooaoue ia?aoeaoaainy
e iaio iinaoeoaey e aeaoue e?aoeee, ii en/a?iuaathuee ioaao.
Iinea oiai eae ainoe ?acianoeeenue ca noieii, ei i?aaeeaaatho
i?ioeaaeeoaeueiua iaieoee eee eaeie eeai ae?oaie aia?eoea, iiaeatho
iaiee iaith e aeatho aiciiaeiinoue iciaeiieoueny ni nieneii aethae e
iaieoeia.
A caaeneiinoe io oiai, eaeie naeaeai caeac ioeoeeaio aianoa n
iao?aeioaeai ninoaaeytho ieai ianeoaeeaaiey. Iaeii e oi aea aethaei
iiaeii iiaeaoue ii- ?aciiio – io niiniaa iiaea/e aoaeao caaenaoue oei
ianeoaeeaaiey e ?acia? iieaou. Iao?aeioaeue nenoaiaoe/anee i?iaiaeeo n
ioeoeeaioaie caiyoey, eco/ay e io?aaaouaay iaeaieaa niaa?oaiiua i?eaiu a
?aaioa e i?aaiecaoeee ianeoaeeaaiey.
Iao?aeioaeue ?ac?aoaao aicieeathuea eiiaaea iaaei?acoiaiey iaaeaeo
ioeoeeaioaie e ?aaioieeaie eooie, aa?iaiaie e ae?oaeie ?aaioieeaie
?anoi?aia. Ii ieii/aiee ?aai/ae niaiu iao?aeioaeue inouanoaeyao
eiio?ieue ca naea/ae au?o/ee, ia aeiioneay caaeieaeaiiinoae, a oae aea
neaaeeo ca naea/ae eiaaioa?y, iinoaeu, i?eai?ia, noieiaiai aaeuey.
Naeoeey ianeoaeeaaiey iiia?ia.
Aeey iiauoaiey ea/anoaa ?aaiou aeaiiie naeoeee ieuaaiai eiiieaena
ainoeieoeu iaiaoiaeeii ?aaioaoue a aeaoo neaaeothueo iai?aaeaieyo:
ai- ia?auo, iaeaaeeoue naiaa?aiaiiia auiieiaiea caeacia, iniaaiii
caao?aeia, oae eae yoa oneoaa iaeaieaa iiioey?ia n?aaee ainoae;
ai-aoi?uo, iaoeeiiii aeiaeaaoueny nieaeaiey oeai ca oneoae naeoeee.
?aaioa iaiaaeaea?a ii ieaie?iaaieth aeaenoaee naeoeee auaeyaeeo
neaaeothuei ia?acii:
Caeac iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa iai?oaeiaaiey (na?ae?iai/iua oaeaaeee,
iiaeiinu, iinoaea n e?uoeaie e o. ae.).
Ninoaaeaiea a?aoeea ?aaiou neoaeaueo.
Ieaie?iaaiea iaith, iaith ianeoaeeaaiey iiia?ia aeieaeii auoue
i?eaioe?iaaii ia aeonu n?aaeiaai iinoiyeueoea.
Iacia/aiea oeai ia ioaeaeueiua aethaea, i?e yoii i/aiue aaaeai
?aaeenoe/iue iiaeoiae
Iia?aoeaiay e oi/iay ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee – caeia ea/anoaaiiiai
ianeoaeeaaiey iiia?ia.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiie nenoaiie ianeoaeeaaiey a iiia?ao ainoeieoeu
yaeyaony ianeoaeeaaiea /a?ac aniiiiaaoaeueiua iiyoaaeiua aooaou-aa?u.
Iiiauaiea aooaoa-aa?a aeieaeii auoue naycaii n ?acaea/ae eooie ?anoi?aia
neoaeaaiui eeooii, eanoieoeae, oaeaoiiii. Iaiaoiaeeia naaoiaay eee eiay
neaiaeecaoeey ec iiia?ia ainoeieoeu, aeey auciaa ioeoeeaioa a iiia?. I?e
iaaiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee iiaeniaiuo iiyoaaeiuo aooaoia ieoaiea a
iiia?ao aoaeao i?aaieciauaaoueny iaiin?aaenoaaiii ec ?anoi?aia.
Oeaeaniia?acii ii?o/aoue ?aaioo ii ianeoaeeaaieth iiia?ia aeaoi
ioeoeeaioai:
iaeei caieiaaony iiaeaioiaeie caeacia, i?eieiaao iiaua caeacu;
aoi?ie aeinoaaeyao i?iaeoeou ec ?anoi?aia a iiaeniaiue aooao, a a
naiaiaeiia a?aiy iiiiaaao ia?aiio ioeoeeaioo.
A eaaeaeii iiia?a ainoeieoeu aeieaeai auoue iiia? oaeaoiia aeeniao/a?a
naeoeee ianeoaeeaaiey iiia?ia, o eioi?iai iiaeii iieo/eoue ioaeioth
ni?aaeo e naeaeaoue caeac ia ianeoaeeaaiea a iiia?a.
Ioaeae ianeoaeeaaiey ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee.
I?eia?u ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee:
Ioeoeeaeueiua aaieaou (eeaea?u no?ai aeatho a /anoue aunieeo ainoae).
Iinieueneea i?eaiu e aaieaou (ii neo/ath iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?acaeieeia).
Aaieaou, i?aaiecoaiua ?acee/iuie aeaeiauie e?oaaie ii neo/ath ieii/aiey
?acee/iuo eiioa?aioeee e niaauaiee.
Aeaaioai?eoaeueiua aaea – i?aaenoaaeaiey.
I?acaeie/iua iaaaeu n oaioeaie (i?aaiecothony oe?iie aeey naieo
nio?oaeieeia).
Naaaeueau.
Ianniaua ia?ii?eyoey iiaoo i?aaieciauaaoueny eae a iiiauaiee ainoeieoeu,
oae e n auacaeii ia /oaeoth oa??eoi?eth, ieua i?eaioaaeeaaaony eae ia
eooia ainoeieoeu, oae e iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia ianoa i?iaaaeaiey
ia?ii?eyoey.
Caaaaeothuee ioaeaeii ianeoaeeaaiey ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee iiae/eiyaony
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aee?aeoi?o ieuaaiai eiiieaena ioaeaea e ioaa/aao ca
ianeoaeeaaiea ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee.
Naa?ocaaea/a ioaeaea – i?aacieoe iaeeaeaiey eeeaioia e iaeiia?aiaiii
i?eianoe naiaio ioaeth i?eaueue.
*oiau aa?aioe?iaaoue oniao, iaiaoiaeeii ianoaeeoue n caeac/eeii
neaaeothuea aaaeiua aeaoaee:
ianoi i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoey
aeaoo ia?ii?eyoey
/enei o/anoieeia ia?ii?eyoey
i?eaioe?iai/iia a?aiy ieii/aiey
aeae ia?ii?eyoey (ioeoeeaeueiue i?eai, aaieao ca noieii, eieoaeeue,
aaieao – oo?oao, eai/, oaeei e o. ae.).
oei ?annoaiiaee noieia e nooeueaa
aeae na?ae?iaee noiea
?anienaiea ia?ii?eyoey e ieai ?annaaeee ainoae
iaiaoiaeeiia ainoyi oaoie/aneia iai?oaeiaaiea
iaith
a?aiy ?aaiou aa?a, oei iaieoeia, eioi?ua aoaeoo iiaeaaaoueny
a?aiy iiaea/e caeonie e ai?y/eo aethae
ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ioi?ieaiea, oeaaou e naa/e
aa?aea?ia
iocueaeueiia nii?iaiaeaeaiea
iieiue aae?an e ?aeaeceou ieaoaeueueea.
Caaaaeothuee naeoeeae ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee aeieaeai oi?ioi ?acae?aoueny
a aeiao e aethaeao e na?aena, ii aeieaeai ciaoue i oii, /oi ethayo e /oi
ia ethayo i?aaenoaaeoaee ?aciuo yoie/aneeo iauei, oiaoue i?aaieciauaaoue
a niioaaonoaee n iaoeeiiaeueiuie e ?aeeaeiciuie eaiiiaie i?acaeiiaaiea
?iaeaeanoaa, Ianoe, Iiaiai aiaea e o. ae.
Aaieaoiue iaiaaeaea? iaycai aucuaaoue e naaa oaaaeaiea ainoae e auoue a
oi aea a?aiy i?ae?aniui i?aaiecaoi?ii e ?oeiaiaeeoaeai.
Neoaeaaiua iaycaiiinoe aaieaoiiai iaiaaeaea?a:
?oeiaiaeeoue ianeoaeeaaieai anao ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee
neaaeeoue ca ?aaioie oai?ueeia ii ioi?ieaieth eiiiaou, a eioi?ie aoaeao
i?ioiaeeoue ia?ii?eyoea
ninoaaeyoue a?aoee ?aaiou ioeoeeaioia e ooaa?aeaeaoue a?eaaaeu,
ioaaonoaaiiua ca eaaeaeia eiie?aoiia ia?ii?eyoea
niaeaniauaaoue n oao – iiaa?ii iaith e na?aeniua i?ioeaaeo?u
oaeinoiaa?youeny, /oi eeeaio oaeiaeaoai?ai ?aciauaieai nooeueaa e
noieia, aaeie, iaieoeaie e na?aenii
i?iaa?youe nienie ooi/iaiee, naeaeaiiuo iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia?aae
ia?ii?eyoeai
iiaeaaaoue eeeaioo n/ao n?aco aea ii ieii/aiee ia?ii?eyoey
no?iai neaaeiaaoue i?ioeaaeo?ai, i?eiyoui a aeaiiie ainoeieoea aeey
ioaeaea ianeoaeeaaiey ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee, aeeth/ay ia?u ii
i?ioeaiiiaea?iie aaciianiinoe e iaaeiiouaieth iai?eyoiuo eioeeaeaioia
iiaen/eouaaoue iaoeaieo ca ianeoaeeaaiea e /aaaua n iineaaeothuei
?ani?aaeaeaieai yoeo aeaiaa iaaeaeo ianeoaeeaathuei ia?niiaeii
niaeaniauaaoue ana iniaua o?aaiaaiey n caianoeoaeai caaaaeothuaai ii
ianeoaeeaaieth e eii?aeeiaoi?ii ia?ii?eyoey.
Oaeei ia?acii, aaieaoiue iaiaaeaea? – naiue e?oiiue niaoeeaeeno ii
?anoi?aiiiio ianeoaeeaaieth.
Aaieao ca noieii n iieiui ianeoaeeaaieai ioeoeeaioaie.
*aua anaai ono?aeaaaony ia aeeieiiaoe/aneeo, ioeoeeaeueiuo i?eaiao, aaea
?annaaeea ainoae ca noieii niaeanoaony n i?ioieieii.
A iaith aaieaoa aeeth/aaony n?aaieoaeueii iaiiiai oieiaeiuo caeonie,
iaeia ai?y/ay. Aeey aaieaoa-iaaaea – iaycaoaeueii noi, aoi?ua ai?y/ea e
aeana?oiua aethaea, o?oeou, iaieoee.
A ia/aea aaieaoa iiaeathony oieiaeiay ?uaiay caeonea e naaaeea iaiue,
caoai caeonee ec iyna, ioeoeu e aee/e, iinea oieiaeiuo caeonie iiaeatho
ai?y/oth caeoneo, iioii noi. Iinea noia – ai?y/ea aethaea ec ?uau, iyna,
ioeoeu, aee/e, iaiuae. Caeai/eaaaony aaieao iiaea/ae aeana?oa, o?oeoia e
ai?y/eo iaieoeia – eioa, /ay.
Iai?aiaiiia oneiaea ianeoaeeaaiey iiaeiaiuo aaieaoia – auno?ioa iiaea/e
aethae, iaieoeia e niaiu i?eai?ia, oae eae a?aiy aeey ianeoaeeaaiey
ainoae ca noieii iau/ii ia?aie/aii ?aieaie i?ioieiea.
Ia aaieaoao n iieiui ianeoaeeaaieai iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii enoiaeeoue
ec ii?iu – 3 ioeoeeaioa ia eaaeaeua 12 – 16 o/anoieeia aaieaoa. I?e
ianeoaeeaaiee 2 ec ieo aoaeoo iiaeaaaoue aethaea, a o?aoee – aeia.
Aeey ianeoaeeaaiey i?eaiia ia aunoai o?iaia /enei ioeoeeaioia iiaeao
auoue oaaee/aii. A yoii neo/aa a ia?a n eaaeaeui ioeoeeaioii, iiaeathuei
aethaea, ?aaioaao aoi?ie, iiaeathuee iaieoee.
A aeaiue aaieaoa, nia?aa ioeoeeaioia, iaiaaeaea? ii ianeoaeeaaieth
ianniauo ia?ii?eyoee i?iaiaeeo n ieie eino?oeoaae. Ooi/iythony, a?aiy
ia/aea aaieaoa, /enei e i?eia?iue ninoaa aai o/anoieeia.
Aaieaoiue iaiaaeaea? ciaeiieo ioeoeeaioia n ieaiii ?annoaiiaee noieia,
/eneii ainoae ca eaaeaeui ec ieo, n ieaiii ?aciauaiey o/anoieeia aaieaoa
ca noieii, niiauaao iniaaiiinoe iaith, na?ae?iaee e ianeoaeeaaiey.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee aaieaoa iau/ii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iiaea/a aia?eoeaa. Ii
iiaeaaony a caea, i?aaeiacia/aiiii aeey nai?a ainoae, a oa/aiea 15 – 40
ieioo. Ii ieii/aiee aia?eoeaa ainoe ia?aoiaeyo a cae, aaea ia/eiaaony
aaieao. Ioeoeeaiou ano?a/atho ainoae, iiiiaay ei nanoue. A oa/aiea anaai
aaieaoa iie caiyou iaiin?aaenoaaiiui ianeoaeeaaieai aai o/anoieeia.
Io ioeoeeaioia o?aaothony aeenoeeieeia, i?aaieciaaiiinoue, aaconeiaiia
auiieiaiea anao ?anii?yaeaiee e oeacaiee aaieaoiiai iaiaaeaea?a.
I?e ianeoaeeaaiee aaieaoa ca noieii eaaeaeue ioeoeeaio iaycai ciaoue
neaaeothuea i?aaeea:
Ethaia aethaei eee iaieoie iiaeaaony anaie ioeoeeaioaie iaeiia?aiaiii.
Ana aethaea, caeonee, aa?ie?u, nionu e o. ae., i?aaeeaaaaiua ainoyi a
iaiin, iiaeatho ia eaaie ?oea n eaaie noi?iiu.
Anee a iiiaio iiaea/e ainoue ?acaiaa?eaaao eee neooaao niaanaaeieea,
neaaeoao iaiiiai iiaeiaeaeaoue, caoai oeoi iii?ineoue ecaeiaiey e
iiaeaoue aethaei. I?e yoii ia neaaeoao eanaoueny aethaeii noiea eee
oa?aeee n oeaaii.
Ainoue i?e aeaeaiee nai ia?aeeaaeuaaao naaa ia oa?aeeo i?aaeeiaeaiiue
i?iaeoeo, ii ii i?inueaa ainoy ioeoeeaio aeieaeai oiaoue i?aaie ?oeie n
iiiiuueth i?eai?ia aeey ?aneeaaeee iieiaeeoue iiaeaaaaiia aethaei ia
oa?aeeo.
Ioeoeeaio aea?aeeo aethaei ia eaaeiie eaaie ?oee, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
iie?ua aa naeoaoeie-?o/ieeii, eioi?ay i?aaeio?aiyao ?oeo io iaeiaa eee
ia?aioeaaeaeaiey. I?e yoii ?o/iee-naeoaoea ia aeieaeai naenaoue o
ioeoeeaioa n ?oee.
A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ianeoaeeaatho ii/aoiuo ainoae, aeaeaa – ii
i?ioieieo. Ia aaieaoa, aaea iao no?iaiai i?ioieiea, i?aaeii/oaiea i?e
ianeoaeeaaiee ioaeaaony aeaiueiai.
Niaeanii aeeieiiaoe/aneiio yoeeaoo eo?eoue ca noieii ?ac?aoaaony oieueei
a eiioea aaieaoa, iiyoiio iaiaeueieoeu noaayo ia noie e iiiaioo iiaea/e
eioa.
Naeaoieee eee nionieee iaaieueoeo ?acia?ia ia?aae iiaea/ae noaayo ia
iaeaiueeee iiaeiin eee oa?aeeo, iie?uouie naeoaoeie.
Anee ainoue ioeacaeny io i?aaeeiaeaiiiai aethaea, iaycaoaeueii oae?atho
i?eai?, i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey yoiai aethaea. Ia?aae iiaea/ae
neaaeothuaai aethaea ni noiea oae?atho iinoaeo e i?eai?u io ?aiaa
iiaeaiiiai aethaea, aeaaea anee ainoue eie ia iieueciaaeny.
I?e iiaea/a oaeeo aethae, eae iaeeay aee/ue, oeuieyoa, ?aee, iaeioi?ua
ni?oa o?oeoia, eioi?ua iiaeii anoue ?oeaie, ?aeiiaiaeoaony eaaeaeiio
ainoth n i?aaie noi?iiu noaaeoue a /aoa oaieoth aiaeo n e?oaei/eii
eeiiia aeey iaiuaaiey eii/eeia iaeueoeaa. Aianoi aiaeu a /aoeao aeey
yoie oeaee ainoyi iiaeii iiaeaoue ia oa?aeeao aeeo?aoii neiaeaiiua e
oaeaaeiaiiua iieioiyiua naeoaoee.
I?e ianeoaeeaaiee ainoae, neaeyueo ca noieii, iiaea/a aethae iiaeao
i?iecaiaeeoueny ia oieueei n eaaie noi?iiu. Ana oi, /oi ca?aiaa
?aceiaeaii eee ?aceeoi a iinoaeo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey,
iiaeaaony e noaaeony ia noie ia?aae ainoai i?aaie ?oeie ioeoeeaioa n
i?aaie noi?iiu. Oae iiaeathony ai?y/ea caeonee a eieioieoeao e
eieeeueieoeao, ana noiu a aoeueiiiuo /aoeao eee aeoaieeo oa?aeeao,
aeana?oiua aethaea a e?aiaieao, ai?y/ea iaieoee (/ae, eioa) a /aoeao e
noaeaiao, a oaeaea oieiaeiua caeonee, ai?y/ea e aeana?oiua aethaea ia
oa?aeeao.
Eniieueciaaiiua oa?aeee e i?eai?u i?e caiaia oae?athony eae n i?aaie
noi?iiu ainoy i?aaie ?oeie, oae e n eaaie noi?iiu eaaie ?oeie.
Ana iaieoee iaeeaatho, eae i?aaeei, i?aaie ?oeie n i?aaie noi?iiu,
aea?aea aooueeo yoeeaoeie, ia?auaiiie e ainoth. A neo/aa e?aeiae
iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaeii iaeeoue e n eaaie noi?iiu, ii i?e yoii
iaycaoaeueii eaaie ?oeie.
Anni?oeiaio iaieoeia a aooueeao i?aaeeaaatho ainoth n eaaie noi?iiu,
aea?aea a eaaie ?oea 2 – 3 aooueee yoeeaoeaie, ia?auaiiuie a aai
noi?iio. Iinea oiai eae ainoue aua?ae iaeei ec i?aaeeiaeaiiuo iaieoeia,
ioeoeeaio aa?ao a i?aaoth ?oeo aooueeo e iaeeaaao aeaeaaiue iaieoie n
i?aaie noi?iiu.
I/a?aaeiay niaia ee oai?ea oa?aeie e i?eai?ia anaie ioeoeeaioaie
i?iecaiaeeony iaeiia?aiaiii (ii eiiaiaea iao?aeioaey eee noa?oaai
ioeoeeaioa), eiaaea ana o/anoieee aaieaoa eee iiaeaaeythuaa
aieueoeinoai ec ieo caeii/eee, anoue ?aiaa iiaeaiiia aethaei.
Aaieao ca noieii n /anoe/iui ianeoaeeaaieai ioeoeeaioaie
Aaieaou n oaeie oi?iie ianeoaeeaaiey iau/ii i?aaiecotho a oii neo/aa,
anee iie iinyo oiaa?euaneee eee naiaeiue oa?aeoa?. Yoi iiaeao auoue
caao?ae, iaaae, oaeei eee i?inoi oaiuaiea a /anoue eaeiai-eeai niauoey:
ciaiaiaoaeueiay aeaoa, thaeeae, oiaa?euaneay ano?a/a, naaaeueaa e o. ae.
?aciauaiea ainoae ca noieii ia oaeeo aaieaoao iau/ii i?iecaieueiia, ii
aeey ii/aoiuo ainoae ioaiaeyony ianoa a oeaio?a noiea, a i?e ono?ienoaa
aaieaoa ia aieueoia /enei o/anoieeia n ianeieueeeie noieaie –
ioaeaeueiue oeaio?aeueiue noie.
A ioee/ea io aaieaoa n iieiui ianeoaeeaaieai, aaea anni?oeiaio oieiaeiuo
caeonie n?aaieoaeueii ia?aie/ai, a iaith aeaiiiai aaieaoa iiaoo auoue
aeeth/aiu naiua ?aciiia?aciua oieiaeiua caeonee, nieaiuey, ia?eiaaeu e
o. ae.
Aanue anni?oeiaio oieiaeiuo caeonie iiaeao auoue aunoaaeai ia aaieaoiue
noie ca 30 ieioo aei ia/aea ia?ii?eyoey. Aeey oiai /oiau ?aciiia?aceoue
anni?oeiaio caeonie, ?aeiiaiaeoaony ia eaaeaeiai o/anoieea aaieaoa
caeacuaaoue ii 0,5 ii?oeee, a iaeioi?uo e oiai iaiueoa. ?annoaaeoue
aethaea n caeoneaie ia noiea iiaeii a iaeei eee aeaa ?yaea a
caaeneiinoe io oe?eiu noiea, eiee/anoaa caeonie e ?acia?a aethae. Iinea
oiai eae caeonee iinoaaeaiu, noaayo iaieoee. Iaieoee, eae e caeonee,
neaaeoao ?ann?aaeioi/eoue ii anaio noieo. I?e yoii iaaei iinoaaeoue
aooueee oae, /oiau eaaeaeue ainoue iia iaeeoue naaa ethaie ec iaieoeia
ii aeaeaieth.
Ia aaieaoao n /anoe/iui ianeoaeeaaieai eaaeaeiio ainoth i?aaeinoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiinoue acyoue ethaoth iii?aaeaoothny caeoneo a ethaii eiee/anoaa
e a ethaii ii?yaeea. Ii?oeeiiii iiaeathony, eae i?aaeei, ai?y/ea aethaea
(iaeii eee aeaa) – a caaeneiinoe io i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aaieaoa. Iniaie
caaioie ioeoeeaioia ia oaeeo aaieaoao yaeyaony ianeoaeeaaiea ii/aoiuo
ainoae e naiaa?aiaiiay oai?ea ni noiea eniieueciaaiiie iinoaeu e ionouo
aooueie.
Ia?aae iiaea/ae aeana?oa e ai?y/eo iaieoeia n ?ac?aoaiey caeac/eea ni
noiea ?aeiiaiaeoaony oa?aoue ana oi, /oi a aeaeueiaeoai ia iio?aaoaony
aeey ainoae: inoaaoothny caeoneo, noieiaua oa?aeee e i?eai?u, oeaaiua
oa?aeee, niaoeee, nionu e o. ae. Noie na?ae?otho aeana?oiuie i?eai?aie,
ia inaiaiaeeaoaany ianoi noaayo oi?ou, ie?iaeiua, eiioaou, o?oeou a
aacao, caoai iiaeatho ai?y/ea iaieoee.
Aaieaou n iiaeiaiie oi?iie ianeoaeeaaiey iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu ii
n?aaiaieth ni anaie ae?oaeie. Iaeaieaa i?eaieaiay ii?ia ianeoaeeaaiey
ninoaaeyao 9 – 12 ainoae ia iaeiiai ioeoeeaioa. *aua anaai, oaeei
ia?acii, i?ioiaeyo caeacuaaaiua a ?anoi?aiao aaieaou-naaaeueau. A
?anoi?aia i?e ainoeieoea, oaeei ia?acii, iiaeao auoue i?aaieciaai
i?iuaeueiue oaeei oo?enoe/aneie a?oiiu eee aaieao ii neo/ath caaa?oaiey
?aaiou nuacaea.
Oaeie aaieao i?aaeoniao?eaaao ia?a?uau aeey oaioeaa eee ae?oaeo
eoeueoo?iuo ?acaea/aiee. Iiaaaeaiea ainoae ia oaeii ia?ii?eyoee iiaeao
ia iiae/eiyoueny i?aaeeai aeeieiiaoe/aneiai yoeeaoa, iiyoiio ainoe iiaoo
eo?eoue ca noieii. Ioeoeeaiou aeieaeiu aieiaoaeueii neaaeeoue ca
/enoioie iaiaeueieoe, iaiyy eo iinea eaaeaeiai o?aoueaai ieo?ea.
Aaieao-oo?oao.
Ono?aeaathony i?eaiu-aaieaou, aaea ainoe aaeyo e iuetho noiy. Iiaeiaiua
aaieaou eiatho ?yae i?aeiouanoa:
ia iaeie ieiuaaee aaieaoiiai caea iiaeii ianeoaeeoue aieueoia eiee/anoai
ainoae;
eaaeaeue o/anoiee a oiaea aaieaoa eiaao aiciiaeiinoue iiaeieoe aeey
aanaaeu e ethaiio ainoth, aua?aoue ethaia ianoi a caea, naiinoiyoaeueii
acyoue iii?aaeaoeany aio caeonee, iaieoee e o. i.
i?eaeaoaiiua ainoe iiaoo oeoe n aaieaoa a ethaie iiiaio (aaieao aeeeony
1,5 – 2 /ana).
Aeey i?aaiecaoeee aaieaoa-oo?oaoa eniieuecotho oo?oaoiua noieu. Iie
ianeieueei auoa iau/iuo ia 0,9 – 1 i., oae eae ca ieie aaeyo e iuetho
noiy. Oe?eia noiea (1,2 – 1,5i.) iicaieyao ?acianoeoue ia ieo aieueoia
eiee/anoai caeonie e iaieoeia. Anee iao niaoeeaeueiuo oo?oaoiuo noieia,
iiaeii eniieueciaaoue iau/iaa iaaaeaiiua eee ae?oaea noieu, ninoaaeyy eo
aianoa.
A caaeneiinoe io ieiuaaee aaieaoiiai caea, aai eiioeao?aoeee, eiee/anoaa
i?eaeaoaiiuo, ?aniieiaeaiey aoiaeiuo aeaa?ae, ieii e o. i. iniiaiua
oo?oaoiua noieu noaayo ?aciuie niiniaaie: a iaeei ?yae ii ine eee
neiiao?e/ii ae ianeieueeeie ?yaeaie, eeai niauatho noieu a noi?iio io
ine caea. Oeaio?aeueiia, iaeaieaa oaeiaiia ianoi a caea ioaiaeeony aeey
naiuo ii/aoiuo ainoae. Noieu ia aeieaeiu caai?aaeeaaoue iniiaiuo eee
neoaeaaiuo aoiaeia a cae, ia neaaeoao onoaiaaeeaaoue noieu aeeaea, /ai a
1,5 i. io noaiu, /oiau ia cao?oaeiyoue naiaiaeo ia?aaeaeaeaiey ainoae e
ioeoeeaioia.
E?iia iniiaiuo oo?oaoiuo a oaeiaiuo ianoao, i?aeiouanoaaiii o noai,
noaayo iaaieueoiai ?acia?a e?oaeua, eaaae?aoiua eee i?yiioaieueiua noieu
(aeiiieieoaeueiua), ia eioi?ua eeaaeoo iaiaeueieoeu, neaa?aou, nie/ee,
naeoaoee. Aicea yoeo noieia ainoe iiaoo anoue, ieoue eee iinoaaeoue ia
ieo eniieueciaaiiua oa?aeee, ?thieo, aieae e o.ae.
E?iia oiai, a caea onoaiaaeeaatho (o noai)iiaeniaiua noieu aeey caianiuo
oa?aeie, i?eai?ia, ?thiie, naeoaoie, eioi?ua yaeythony a oi aea a?aiy
?aai/eie noieaie ioeoeeaioia.
Aaieaoiue noie na?ae?otho ?acee/iui o?onoaeai e noaeeii a caaeneiinoe io
oiai, eaeea iaieoee aoaeoo iiaeaiu. Aieaeu aeey oaiiaineiai, ?thiee
eiiuey/iua e eeea?iua, aieaeu ieaiua ia oo?oaoiue noie ia noaayo.
Oo?oaoiua noieu na?ae?otho oa?aeeaie aeaoo aeaeia: caeoni/iuie (ec
?an/aoa 1,5 – 2 oooee ia iaeiiai ainoy) e aeana?oiuie, a ca iaeiaieai eo
– ie?iaeeiauie (ec ?an/aoa 0,5 – 0,75 oooee ia iaeiiai ainoy) aeey
o?oeoia, yaiae, ie?iaeiiai, oi?oa, i?aoia e o. i.
Ia?aae na?ae?iaeie noiea oa?aeee iaiaoiaeeii ouaoaeueii i?iaa?eoue: iie
aeieaeiu auoue nooeie, aeanoyueie e /enouie eae n eeoeaaie, oae e n
oueueiie noi?iiu. Caeoni/iua oa?aeee noaayo ii iaaei noi?iiai noiea
noiieaie ii 8 – 10 oooe ia ?annoiyiee 1,5 – 2 i. iaeia io ae?oaie e a
1,5 – 2 ni. io e?ay noiea. I?e/ai noiiee oa?aeie aeieaeiu auoue
?aniieiaeaiu neiiao?e/ii ine noiea. Ca caeoni/iuie oa?aeeaie noaayo
aeana?oiua (ie?iaeeiaua) oaeaea noiieaie ii 4 – 6 oooe.
Oa?aeee n yiaeaiie, aaicaeai, aa?aii no?aiu, ia?eie i?aaei?eyoey eee
?anoi?aia eeaaeoo oae, /oiau yoe ciaee ia eaaeaeie oa?aeea a noiiea auee
ia?auaiu e ainoth.
Na?ae?iaea i?eai?aie. Oo?oaoiua noieu na?ae?otho i?eai?aie: iiaee
caeoni/iua, aeeee, iiaee o?oeoiaua, aeeee aeana?oiua.
Iiaeaioiaea e ?annoaiiaea ia noie o?oeoia e iaieoeia. ssaeiee,
aiaeueneiu, iaiaea?eiu, a?ooe, aeoith, /a?aoith, ia?neee, aeiia?aae,
aaiaiu iitho a oieiaeiie i?ioi/iie aiaea, caoai ianooeaatho /enoui
iieioaioeai, i?e yoii o?oeou ouaoaeueii ioni?oe?iauaatho.
Aieueoea eenoe aeiia?aaea ?ac?acatho iiaeieoeaie ia aieaa iaeeea (ii 5 –
15 yaiae), oaeaeyy caniooea iiaaae, yaiaeu n aeaoaeoaie, ieiaeiiiaeee
aac yaiae e o. i. O aaiaiia ieiaeiiiaeeo n?acatho iiaeii. *a?aoith e
aeoith iiaeatho n ieiaeiiiaeeaie, yaiaeu a eenoyo ia ?acuaaeeiytho.
Iiaeaioiaeaiiua o?oeou oeeaaeuaatho a o?onoaeueiua, noaeeyiiua eee
oa?oi?iaua aacu ai?eie, /oiau ethaie aeae o?oeoia aue ia aeaeo. Aacu ia
?aeiiaiaeoaony ia?aiieiyoue, eo/oa oaaee/eoue eo eiee/anoai.
Aacu n o?oeoaie ?annoaaeytho ia noieao ?aciuie niiniaaie: ii ine noiea
iaaeaeo ?thieaie, anee iineaaeiea iinoaaeaiu a aeaa ?yaea; a eioa?aaeao
iaaeaeo ?thieaie, ?annoaaeaiiuie a?oiiaie “aei/eie”, “ciaeeie”; i?e
iaeiinoi?iiiae na?ae?iaea noieia ca noaeeii eee a eioa?aaeao iaaeaeo aai
a?oiiaie. I?e ?annoaiiaea aac n o?oeoaie ia noie iaiaoiaeeii
niaethaeaoue neiiao?eth, a eiaaea a caea noieu iinoaaeaiu ia?aeeaeueii,
neaaeoao auaea?aeeaaoue e ?aaiaiea ii ?yaeai.
Aooueee n aeiaie, aiaeaie, nieaie ouaoaeueii i?ioe?atho aeaaeiui, a
caoai nooei iieioaioeai, iaeaatho no?ao/ eee n?acatho niieeo e oieueao e
i?ioe?atho ai?euoee aooueie /enoui iieioaioeai. Auioa i?iaeo, iiyoue
i?ioe?atho ai?euoei aooueee e niiaa cae?uaatho aa i?iaeie.
Aiaeeo e aiaei/iua ecaeaeey, noieiaua aaeua e e?aniua iieoneaaeeea aeia,
aiaeu, niee, eaan, ieai iiaeatho ioeaaeaeaiiuie. E?aniua nooea e
aeana?oiua aeia, eiiueyee e eeea?u aeieaeiu auoue eiiiaoiie oaiia?aoo?u.
Niee noaayo ia noie a aooueeao eee eoaoeiao. Aooueee n nieaie iau/ii
iiaeaioaaeeaatho oae aea, eae e aooueee n aeiaie.
Aiaeu ieia?aeueiua eee o?oeoiaua, ieai, eaan noaayo ia noie a cae?uouo
aooueeao (ouaoaeueii i?ioa?ouo) ioeaaeaeaiiuie; eo ioe?uaatho ca 5 – 15
ieioo aei i?eoiaea ainoae e noieo.
Iaieoee noaayo ia noie ?yaeii n niioaaonoaothuei noaeeii: aiaeeo, aeia,
eiiueyee – e ?thieai; aiaeu, ieai, eaan – e ooaea?ai; niee – e noiieai.
I?e yoii aooueee ia aeieaeiu caai?aaeeaaoue noaeei, iiyoiio eo noaayo
iaaeaeo ?yaeaie ?thiie eee a eioa?aaeao iaaeaeo eo a?oiiaie oae, /oiau
yoeeaoee auee ia?auaiu iii/a?aaeii oi e iaeiie, oi e ae?oaie noi?iia
noiea.
Ai?y/ea caeonee e aethaea iiaeatho a niioaaonoaothuae iinoaea. Oae a?eau
a niaoaia, e?aau a niona, ia/aieo eo?eioth – a eieioieoeao. Eo noaayo ia
iiaeiin, iie?uoue naeoaoeie. Ia yoio aea iiaeiin o aai ai?oa eeaaeoo
niaoeeaeueiua aeeee eee /aeiua eiaeee (a eiee/anoaa, niioaaonoaothuai
/eneo eieioieoe) e noiieie ianeieueei ie?iaeeiauo oa?aeie, ia eioi?ua
ainoe ii aeaeaieth noaayo eieioieoeu.
Iinea ai?y/eo caeonie iiaeatho aeana?o: ii?iaeaiia, ieiiae?, acaeoua
neeaee iaoo?aeueiua eee n o?oeoaie, aa?aiueai, ssaiaeaie, o?oeou
caia/aiiua a oanoa e o. ae. Aeey iiaea/e aeana?oa eniieuecotho
iaoaeee/aneea e?aiaiee. Eo noaayo ia iiaeiin, iie?uoue naeoaoeie,
aeana?oiua, a eo/oa /aeiua eiaeee eeaaeoo ?yaeii n e?aiaieaie eee a ieo
e oae iaiinyo ainoae.
Iinea aeana?oa iiaeii iiaeaaaoue oaiiaineia. A iiaeniaiii iiiauaiee eee
ia iiaeniaiuo noieao a aaieaoiii caea iaiieiytho oaiiaineei aieaeu ia eo
aieinoe e noaayo ia iiaeiinu, iie?uoua naeoaoeie. Acya iiaeiin a eaaoth
?oeo, e i?eaea?aeeaay aai i?aaie ?oeie, iaiinyo iaieoeii o/anoieeia
aaieaoa.
Iiaeaa oaiiaineia, /anoue ioeoeeaioia iiaeaioaaeeaaao e iiaea/a eioa,
eiiueye, eeea?. Eioa ia aaieaoa-oo?oaoa ?aeiiaiaeoaony iiaeaaaoue /a?iue
neaaeeee (yoi onei?eo iiaea/o aai ainoyi), e eeoue iaeioi?ia aai
eiee/anoai neaaeoao naa?eoue aac naoa?a.
Aeey auno?iai ianeoaeeaaiey /aoee n eioa noaayo ia iiaeiin, iie?uoue
naeoaoeie, a aethaeoea – ii eiee/anoao iinoaaeaiiuo ia iiaeiin /aoae –
iaeiie eee aeaoiy noiieaie o ai?oa iiaeiina. Ioeoeeaio aea?aeeo iiaeiin
ia eaaie ?oea, a i?aaie noaaeo ia aethaeoea /aoeo n eioa e iiaeaao aa
ainoth, iiaa?ioa e iaio ?o/eie, eee ainoue aa?ao /aoeo nai.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n eioa iiaeii iiaeaaaoue eiiueye e eeea?. Yoe iaieoee
iaeeaatho a ?thiee, iinoaaeaiiua ia iiaeiin, eee noaayo ia iaai ionoua
?thiee e aooueee n eiiueyeii e eeea?ii, e ioeoeeaio, iaiiny ainoae,
iaiieiyao ?thiee nai eeai i?aaeinoaaeyao i?aai naeaeaoue yoi o/anoieeo
aaieaoa.
Eioa, eiiueye e eeea? iiaeatho ianeieueei ?ac, aei ?acuacaea ainoae n
aaieaoa. Ai?y/ea caeonee e aethaea, caoai aeana?o, oaiiaineia, eioa
aeieaeiu iiaeaaaoueny iaeiia?aiaiii ei anai noieai. I?e yoii ioeoeeaiou,
ianeoaeeaathuea aieaa ioaeaeaiiua io aoiaea a cae noieu, auoiaeyo a cae
ia?auie. Caiicaeaeay eee i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiay iiaea/a i/a?aaeiuo caeonie
eee iaieoeia e eaeiio-eeai noieo ia?ooaao ?eoi ?aaiou anaai eieeaeoeaa.
Ai a?aiy ?a/ae eee oinoia anyeia ianeoaeeaaiea i?ae?auaaony, /oiau ia
ioaeaeaoue aieiaiea ainoae e ia ia?ooaoue oeoeio. A yoio iiiaio
ioeoeeaiou aeieaeiu ioieoe e iiaeniaiui noieai e, anee yoiai o?aaoao
ianoaiiaea, iaiieieoue ?thiee iaieoeaie, iinoaaeoue ia iiaeiin e ii
ieii/aiee ?a/e eee i?iaicaeaoaiey oinoa oio/an aea iiaeianoe eo ainoyi,
noiyuei aaeaee io noiea eee ia eiathuei iaiieiaiiie ?thiee eeai aieaea.
Anee ainoe a caea noiyo a?oiiaie, ioeoeeaio aeieaeai iaieoe eo; a oii
neo/aa, eiaaea yoi iaaiciiaeii naeaeaoue, iii?ineoue ?ac?aoaiey i?ieoe e
ecaeieoueny.
Iinea i?iaiaeia ainoae iao?aeioaeue aeaao ?anii?yaeaiea ioeoeeaioai
i?enooieoue e oai?ea iinoaeu, eioi?ay i?iecaiaeeony a oaeie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe: aooueee, aacu, oa?oi?iaay iinoaea, /aoee eioaeiua,
noaeei. Ai a?aiy oai?ee iinoaeu ni noiea ?aeiiaiaeoaony ooo aea
ni?oe?iaaoue aa ii aeaeai. Yoi oiaiueoeo aie iinoaeu, onei?eo aa oai?eo
e iineaaeothuoth iieeo. Inoaaoeany ia neaoa?oe e?ioee niaoatho
niaoeeaeueiie uaoeie eee naeoaoeie ia iiaeiin e oieueei iinea yoiai
nieiatho neaoa?oue.
Aieueoea iieioia iiaeeeaaei/iie oeaie (noeii, oeaiaeue, aaeea e o. i.)
neaouaatho a ?oeii, iaeua iieioia aeeo?aoii neeaaeuaatho noiieaie,
oaeiaiuie aeey o?aiaiey.
Aaieao-eieoaeeue.
?aciiaeaeiinoueth aaieaoa-oo?oaoa yaeyaony aaieao-eieoaeeue. Yoio aeae
aaieaoa yeiiiie/ai, ia o?aaoao aieueoiai ?aciiia?acey e eiee/anoaa
iaaaee, iinoaeu, i?eai?ia, noieiaiai aaeuey. O?aaiaaiey e iiiauaieth, a
eioi?ii ii i?iaiaeeony, e iiaeaioiaea oa aea, /oi e i?e i?aaiecaoeee
aaieaoia ae?oaeo aeaeia, iienaiiuo ?aiaa.
Iniiaiuie ioee/eyie yaeythony anni?oeiaio caeonie e naiaia?aciia
ianeoaeeaaiea.
A caea aaieaoiuo noieia ia noaayo, a ia?aie/eaathony eeoue iaaieueoeie
ioaeaeueiuie noieeeaie, ?annoaaeaiiuie a oaeiaiuo ianoao caea: o noai, o
eieiii, a ieoao e o. ae. Ia noieeee aei ia/aea aaieaoa eeaaeoo neaa?aou,
nie/ee, iaiaeueieoeu, e?iia oiai, noaayo aoiaaeiua naeoaoee a aaci/eao.
Ie oa?aeee, ie i?eai?u eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey ia
aaieaoa-eieoaeea ia i?eiaiythony.
Ana caeonee, oeiaeaiiua ia aethaea, a oaeaea iaieoee a ?thieao e aieaeao
ia iiaeiinao i?aaeeaaatho ainoyi ioeoeeaiou, aianoi aeeie ainoe
iieuecothony niaoeeaeueiuie aaieaoiuie oiaaeeaie.
Oieiaeiua caeonee ?aeiiaiaeothony a aeaea iaaieueoeo aooa?a?iaeia-eaiaia
eee naiaeae/ae, ia?acaiiuo ?acee/iuie oeao?aie a aeaea o?aoaieueieeia,
?iiaeeia, eaaae?aoia, e?oaei/eia e o. ae., oa?oaeaoie eee aieiaaiia,
ia/eiaiiuo ?acee/ii i?eaioiaeaiiuie iynii, ?uaie, iaiuaie e
aano?iiiie/aneeie i?iaeoeoaie, aa?aiuo eo?eiuo yeoe, oa?oe?iaaiiuo ee?ie
inao?iauo eee eininaauo ii?iae ?ua, eeeueeie e o. i.
Ia ai?y/oth caeoneo iiaeatho ecaeaeey ec iaoo?aeueiie ?oaeaiie eee
oa?oe?iaaiiie aiayaeeiu, aa?aieiu, oaeyoeiu, naeieiu, ioeoeu, ?uau,
iaiuae a aeaea iaaieueoeo eioeaoie, a?oni/eia e o.ae., ninenee-iaethoee
eee iau/iua ninenee, ia?acaiiua ia iaaieueoea eoni/ee e iaaea?aiiua a
ianea. E caeoneai iiaeatho nion n?aaeiae eiinenoaioeee.
I?e caeaca aeana?oa neaaeoao enoiaeeoue ec oao aea o?aaiaaiee, eioi?ua
i?aaeuyaeythony e caeoneai, e ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue oaeea ecaeaeey e aethaea,
eioi?ua iiaeii anoue noiy aac i?eiaiaiey i?eai?ia: ie?iaeiia anni?oe
(iaethoee), oai?ino ec neaaeeiai neiaiiai oanoa, yaeiee, caia/aiiua a
oanoa, e o. i.
Iaieoee ia aaieaoa-eieoaeea iiaoo auoue iiaeaiu naiua ?aciiia?aciua:
aiaeea, ianoieee, eiiueyee, eeea?u, aeia iaoo?aeueiua, e?aieaiua e
aeana?oiua, niee, aiaeu, ieai, eieoaeee, oaiiaineia e o. ae.
Aeey aaieaoa-eieoaeey o?aaoaony iaaieueoie anni?oeiaio e ia?aie/aiiia
eiee/anoai oa?oi?iaie, noaeeyiiie e iaoaeee/aneie iinoaeu: aeey caeonie
– aethaea oa?oi?iaua e iaeueoei?iaua (e?oaeua eee iaaeueiua), eoaoeiu
aeey nieia, aiaeu e nianae iaeioi?uo iaieoeia, oa?iinu e ueioeu aeey
ieuaaiai eueaea, iiaeiinu, iaiaeueieoeu, aaci/ee eee iiaenoaaee aeey
aoiaaeiuo naeoaoie, aea?aayiiua eee ieanoianniaua aaieaoiua oiaaeee,
caiaiythuea aeeee.
Oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue i?inooth, onoie/eaoth e iaaei?iaoth
iinoaeo.
I?e ianeoaeeaaiee aaieaoa n aieueoei eiee/anoaii o/anoieeia a iiiiuue
aooao/eeo-aa?iaio auaeaeytho iiiiuieea, eioi?ue iiiiaaao aio
naiaa?aiaiii e auno?i ?aceeaaoue iaieoee, iiaeiineoue a aooao eaae,
/enooth iinoaeo, auiineoue iii?iaeieaoeany aooueee, aaiee, aaeeiiu e o.
ae.
Ca ianeieueei ieioo aei ia/aea aaieaoa /anoue iaieoeia iiaeiinyo e
aooaoo, ioeoii?eaatho aooueee, niee iaeeaatho a eoaoeiu, aioiayo
eieoaeee e niane. ?aciua ii aeono, e?aiinoe e ae?oaei i?eciaeai iaieoee,
ii aeeceea ii oeaaoo ?aeiiaiaeoaony noaaeoue ia iiaeiin ?acaeaeueii, oai
aieaa, anee iie iaeeou a iaeeiaeiaoth iinoaeo.
Eiee/anoai ca?aiaa i?eaioiaeaiiuo aethae n caeoneaie aeieaeii a 2 – 3
?aca i?aauoaoue eiee/anoai ioeoeeaioia, eiee/anoai ioeoeeaioia,
iiaeathueo eo a cae.
Ioeoeeaio inoaiiaeaoenue ia?aae iaeiei ec ainoae, i?aaeeaaaao aio
eiathueany ia iiaeiina iaieoee, iacuaay eo, iai?eia?: “Iiaeaeoenoa,
aiaeea, aeii, niee”.Iinea oiai eae ainoue acye n iiaeiina iaieoie eee
ioeacaeny /oi-eeai acyoue, ioeoeeaio iiaeoiaeeo e neaaeothuaio.
Eiaaea n iiaeiina ?acia?aiu ana iaieoee eee eo inoaeinue iaei e a
iaiieiii anni?oeiaioa, ioeoeeaio aica?auaaony a aooao aeey iiiieiaiey
iiaeiina eee, inoaaea aai a aooaoa, ooo aea aa?ao oaea iiaeaioiaeaiiue
iiaeiin e auoiaeeo n iei a cae.
Iiaeaaay iaieoee, ioeoeeaio iinoiyiii aeieaeai iaaethaeaoue ca oai,
eaeea iaieoee eiatho aieueoie ni?in o ainoae, niiauaoue ia yoii
aa?iaio-aooao/eeo e noaaeoue eo ia iiaeiin a aieueoii eiee/anoaa.
A ia?a n ioeoeeaioii, ?aciinyuei iaieoee, ?aaioaao ae?oaie, iiaeathuee
ainoyi caeonee iinea oiai, eae i?aaeeiaeeee iaieoee.
Caeoneo oeeaaeuaatho ia iiaeia?aoia iaoaeee/aneia eee oa?oi?iaia
aethaei, e iae iiaeatho aea?aayiiua eee ieanoianniaua oiaaeee. Oiaaeee
aeieaeiu auoue a eaaeaeii ec eoni/eia, i?e oeeaaeea i?iaeoeoa ai?eie
oiaaeee aeieaeiu auoue a oao eoni/eao, eioi?ua eaaeao naa?oo, a aeey
anao inoaeueiuo oiaaeee a iaiaoiaeeiuo eiee/anoaao iiiauatho a
onoie/eaoth ieceoth noiieo-noaeai/ee, noaay aai ia aethaei ?yaeii n
i?iaeoeoii.
E ai?y/ae caeonea iiaeii iiaeaoue nion a iaaeoaieii nionieea eee
?icaoea, eioi?ua noaayo o e?ay aethaea ?yaeii n i?iaeoeoaie eee a
oeaio?a aai.
Ainoae iaiinyo iaieoeaie e caeoneaie n iiiaioa iiyaeaiey ia?aiai ainoy e
aei ooiaea iineaaeiaai.
Aeey nai?a inaiaiaeeaoaeny iaeniieueciaaiiie iinoaeu iacia/atho iaeiiai
eee ianeieueeeo ioeoeeaioia-nai?ueeia, iie aea iaiytho iaiaeueieoeu,
i/euatho eo io ieo?eia, oae?atho eniieueciaaiiua aoiaaeiua naeoaoee ni
noieeeia e o. i. I?e ia?aie/aiiii /enea ioeoeeaioia iinoaeo niae?atho
ioeoeeaiou, iiaeathuea iaieoee caeonee, ii ia?a aa eniieueciaaiey. E?iia
iaieoeia e caeonie, ainoyi iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue neaa?aou, iaie?inu,
neaa?u.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee aaieaoa-eieoaeey iiaeii i?aaeoniio?aoue ?iceea iaieoeia
a ?thiee e aieaeu iaiin?aaenoaaiii a aaieaoiii caea. Aeey yoiai a
oaeiaiuo ianoao, /aua anaai a oaeao, ieoao, o aeooeo noai aaieaoiiai
caea, ono?aeaatho aa?u.
Aaieao-/ae.
Eiee/anoai ainoae ia oaeeo aaieaoao iau/ii iaaaeeei. A?aiy i?iaaaeaiey
ia aieaa 2 /ania. Iaaaeue, ?aeiiaiaeoaiay aeey aaieao-/ay: iaaieueoea
e?oaeua eee iaaeueiua noieu, nooeuey, e?anea, iieoe?anea, aaieaoee,
aeeaaiu. Noieiaia aaeuea (neaoa?oe, naeoaoee) oeaaoiia iaaeiuo oeaaoia e
iooaieia, iaiaeiioiiiia.
E /aeiiio noieo iiaoo auoue iiaeaiu: eaea/e, ie?iae, nooa?e, oi?ou,
ie?iaeiua, aeneaeou, eaenu, ia/aiuea, eiioaou, neaaeeea i?aoee,
ieiaeaeue, yaeiee a neieea, anaaiciiaeiua o?oeou e yaiaeu, nooea, e?aiu
e o. ae.
Ec nie?oiuo iaieoeia – aeana?oiua iieoneaaeeea e iieonooea aeia, e?aiu,
eeea?u, eiiueyee.
Oieiaeiua caeonee iiaeaaaoue ia /aeiue noie ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony.
Aeey na?ae?iaee /aeiiai noiea eniieuecothony: aeana?oiua oa?aeee,
aeana?oiua i?eai?u, o?oeoiaua i?eai?u, ?thiee iaaea?iua, ?thiee
eiiuey/iua, eeea?iua, aieaeu iiae oaiiaineia, ooaea?u eee noiiee, /aoee
/aeiua, /aoee eioaeiua, naoa?ieoeu e ueioeu aeey naoa?a, eioi/ee aeey
eeiiia, ?icaoee aeey aa?aiuey, aacu aeey o?oeoia, aacu eiiaeeoa?neea,
?aciua, i?eai?u aeey ?aneeaaeee, naeoaoee iieioiyiua oeaaoiua,
iaiaeueieoeu.
Ioeoeeaiou i?eaeaoatho ainoae e iae?uoiio noieo e iiiiaatho ei nanoue,
oaeaeyy iaeaieueoaa aieiaiea aeaiueiai, noa?oei ii aic?anoo.
Oaeinoiaa?eaoenue a oii, /oi ana o/anoiee aaieaoa oaeiaii ?acianoeeenue,
ioeoeeaiou i?aaeeaaatho ei neaaeeea aethaea e aeia. Caoai aioiayo e
iiaea/a ai?y/ea iaieoee.
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