IEAeUe
Iaaeue (eao. Cuprum) – oeie/aneee yeaiaio. Iaeei ec naie iaoaeeia,
ecaanoiuo n aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe. Ii iaeioi?ui a?oaieiae/aneei aeaiiui –
iaaeue auea oi?ioi ecaanoia aaeioyiai aua ca 4000 eao aei ?. O?.
Ciaeiinoai /aeiaa/anoaa n iaaeueth ioiineony e aieaa ?aiiae yiioa, /ai n
aeaeacii; yoi iauyniyaony n iaeiie noi?iiu aieaa /anoui iaoiaeaeaieai
iaaee a naiaiaeiii ninoayiee ia iiaa?oiinoe caiee, a n ae?oaie –
n?aaieoaeueiie eaaeinoueth iieo/aiey aa ec niaaeeiaiee. Ae?aaiyy A?aoeey
e ?ei iieo/aee iaaeue n ino?iaa Eei?a (Cyprum), ioeoaea e iacaaiea aa
Cuprum. Iniaaiii aaaeia iaaeue aeey yeaeo?ioaoieee.
Ii yeaeo?ii?iaiaeiinoe iaaeue caieiaao aoi?ia ianoi n?aaee anao
iaoaeeia, iinea na?aa?a. Iaeiaei a iaoe aeie ai anai ie?a yeaeo?e/aneea
i?iaiaea, ia eioi?ua ?aiueoa ooiaeeea ii/oe iieiaeia auieaaeyaiie iaaee,
ana /aua aeaeatho ec aeethieiey. Ii ooaea i?iaiaeeo oie, ii eaa/a e
aeinooiiaa. Iaaeue aea, eae e iiiaea ae?oaea oeaaoiua iaoaeeu,
noaiiaeony ana aeaoeoeeoiaa. Anee a 19 a. iaaeue aeiauaaeanue ec ?oae,
aaea niaea?aeaeinue 6-9% yoiai yeaiaioa, oi nae/an 5%-iua iaaeiua ?oaeu
n/eoathony i/aiue aiaaouie, a i?iiuoeaiiinoue iiiaeo no?ai
ia?a?aaaouaaao ?oaeu, a eioi?uo anaai 0,5% iaaee.
Iaaeue aoiaeeo a /enei aeeciaiii aaaeiuo iee?iyeaiaioia. Iia o/anoaoao a
i?ioeanna oioineioaca e onaiaiee ?anoaieyie acioa, niinianoaoao neioaco
naoa?a, aaeeia, e?aoiaea, aeoaieiia. *aua anaai iaaeue aiinyo a ii/ao a
aeaea iyoeaiaeiiai noeueoaoa – iaaeiiai eoii?ina. A cia/eoaeueiuo
eiee/anoaao ii yaeiaeo, eae e iiiaea ae?oaea niaaeeiaiey iaaee, iniaaiii
aeey iecoeo i?aaieciia. A iaeuo aea aeicao iaaeue niaa?oaiii iaiaoiaeeia
anaio aeeaiio.
Oeie/aneea e oece/aneea naienoaa yeaiaioa.
Iaaeue – oeie/aneee yeaiaio I a?oiiu ia?eiaee/aneie nenoaiu Iaiaeaeaaaa;
aoiiiue iiia? 29, aoiiiay ianna 63,546. Oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiey- 1083( C;
oaiia?aoo?a eeiaiey – 2595( C; ieioiinoue – 8,98 a/ni3. Ii aaioeie/aneie
eeanneoeeaoeee A.I. Aieueaeoieaeoa, iaaeue ioiineony e oaeueeioeeueiui
yeaiaioai n aunieei n?iaenoaii e S, Se, Te, caieiathuei ainoiaeyuea
/anoe ia e?eaie aoiiiuo iauaiia; iie nin?aaeioi/aiu a ieaeiae iaioee,
ia?acotho noeueoeaeiiieneaeioth iaiei/eo.
Aa?iaaeneei a ia?aie iieiaeia 1930 a auee i?iaaaeaiu enneaaeiaaiey
eciaiaiey ecioiiiiai ninoaaa aiaeu, aoiaeyuaai a ninoaa ?aciuo
ieia?aeia, e iiuou ii ?acaeaeaieth ecioiiia iiae aeeyieai
aeiaaioeie/aneeo i?ioeannia, /oi e auei iiaeoaa?aeaeaii iineaaeothueie
ouaoaeueiuie enneaaeiaaieyie. Eae yeaiaio ia/aoiue ninoieo ec aeaoo
ia/aoiuo ecioiiia 63 e 65 Ia aeieth ecioiia Cu (63) i?eoiaeeony 69,09%,
i?ioeaioiia niaea?aeaiea ecioiia Cu (65) – 30,91%. A niaaeeiaieyo iaaeue
i?iyaeyao aaeaioiinoue +1 e +2, ecaanoiu oaeaea iaiiiai/eneaiiua
niaaeeiaiey o?aoaaeaioiie iaaee.
E aaeaioiinoe 1 ioiinyony eeoue aeoaeiiua niaaeeiaiey, ia?ae/iua
noeueoeaeu e ieia?ae eoi?eo – Cu2O. Ana inoaeueiua ieia?aeu, ieiei nioie
ioaa/atho aaeaioiinoe aeaa. ?aaeeon iaeiiaieaioiie iaaee +0.96, yoiio
ioaa/aao e ye – 0,70. Aaee/eia aoiiiiai ?aaeeona aeaooaaeaioiie iaaee –
1,28; eiiiiai ?aaeeona 0,80.
I/aiue eioa?ania aaee/aia iioaioeeaeia eiiecaoeee: aeey iaeiiai
yeaeo?iia – 7,69, aeey aeaoo – 20,2. Iaa oeeo?u i/aiue aaeeee, iniaaiii
aoi?ay, iieacuaathuay aieueooth o?oaeiinoue io?uaa ia?oaeiuo yeaeo?iiia.
Iaeiiaaeaioiay iaaeue yaeyaony ?aaiieaaioiaie e iioiio aaaeao e
aanoeaaoiui nieyi e neaai ie?aoaiiui eiiieaenai, oiaaea eae
?aciieaaioiay aeaoo aaeaioiay iaaeue oa?aeoa?ecoaony ie?aoaiiinoueth
nieae a niaaeeiaiee n aiaeie.
Iaaeue – iaoaee n?aaieoaeueii iaei aeoeaiue. A nooii aicaeooa e
eenei?iaea i?e ii?iaeueiuo oneiaeyo iaaeue ia ieeneyaony. Iia
aeinoaoi/ii eaaei anooiaao a ?aaeoeee n aaeiaaiaie, na?ie, naeaiii. A
aio n aiaei?iaeii, oaea?iaeii e acioii iaaeue ia acaeiiaeaenoaoao aeaaea
i?e aunieeo oaiia?aoo?ao. Eeneiou, ia iaeaaeathuea ieeneeoaeueiuie
naienoaaie, ia iaaeue ia aeaenoaotho.
Yeaeo?iio?eoeaoaeueiinoue aoiiia – niiniaiinoue i?e anooieaiee a
niaaeeiaiey i?eoyaeaaoue yeaeo?iiu. Yeaeo?iio?eoeaoaeueiinoue Cu2+ – 984
eAeAE/iieue, Cu+ – 753 eAeae/iieue. Yeaiaiou n ?acei ?acee/iie YI
ia?acotho eiiioth naycue, a yeaiaiou n aeeceie YI – eiaaeaiooth.
Noeueoeaeu oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia eiatho i?iiaaeooi/ioth naycue, n aieueoae
aeieae eiaaeaioiie nayce ( YI o S-1571, Cu-984, Pb-733). Iaaeue yaeyaony
aioioa?iui yeaiaioii – ia?acoao a caiiie ei?a eaoeiiu e aieiiu.
Ieia?aeu.
Iaaeue aoiaeeo aieaa /ai a 198 ieia?aeia, ec eioi?uo aeey i?iiuoeaiiinoe
aaaeiu oieueei 17, i?aeiouanoaaiii noeueoeaeia, oinoaoia, neeeeaoia,
ea?aiiaoia, noeueoaoia. Aeaaiuie ?oaeiuie ieia?aeaie yaeythony
oaeueeiie?eo CuFeS2, eiaaeeei CuS, ai?ieo Cu5FeS4, oaeueeicei Cu2S.
Ieeneu: oaii?eo, eoi?eo. Ea?aiiaou: iaeaoeo, aco?eo. Noeueoaou:
oaeueeaioeo, a?ioaioeo. Noeueoeaeu: eiaaeeei, oaeueeicei, oaeueeiie?eo,
ai?ieo.
*enoay iaaeue – oyao/ee, ayceee iaoaee e?aniiai, a eceiia ?iciaiai
oeaaoa, a i/aiue oiieeo neiyo ia i?inaao iaaeue auaeyaeeo
caeaiiaaoi-aieoaie. Yoe aea oeaaoa, oa?aeoa?iu e aeey iiiaeo niaaeeiaiee
iaaee, eae a oaa?aeii ninoayiee, oae e a ?anoai?ao.
Iiieaeaiea ie?anee i?e iiauoaiee aaeaioiinoe aeaeii ec neaaeothueo aeaoo
i?eia?ia:
CuCl – aaeue, Cu2O – e?aniue, CuCl2+H2O – aieoaie, CuO – /a?iue
Ea?aiiaou oa?aeoa?ecothony neiei e caeaiui oeaaoii i?e oneiaee
niaea?aeaiey aiaeu, /ai iaia/aaony eioa?aniue i?aeoe/aneee i?eciae aeey
iieneia.
I?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea eiatho: naii?iaeiay iaaeue, noeueoeaeu,
noeueoiniee e ea?aiiaou (neeeeaou).
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