Объекты патентного права

IEAI

No?.

Aaaaeaiea 2

1. Ecia?aoaiea eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa

2. Iieaciay iiaeaeue eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa

3. I?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa

4. A?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaua niiniau caueou i?aa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeae

Caeeth/aiea

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u

Aaaaeaiea.

Iaoaioiia i?aai (i?iiuoeaiiay nianoaaiiinoue) – yoi einoeooo
a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa, eioi?ue ?aaoee?oao ioiioaiey, naycaiiua n
oaoie/aneei oai?/anoaii. A ioee/ea io aaoi?neiai i?aaa iaoaioiia i?aai
?aaeecoaony a eiie noa?a oai?/anoaa. Iauaeou oaoie/aneiai oai?/anoaa
naycaiu n anoanoaaiiuie caeiiaie iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a; iie ia io?aaeatho
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue eo nicaeaoaey a oaeie noaiaie, eae iauaeo
aaoi?neiai i?aaa. A neeo yoiai iauaeou oaoie/aneiai oai?/anoaa
iiaoi?eiu, iie iiaoo auoue nicaeaiu iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa
naiinoiyoaeueii, ?aciuie eeoeaie e iiyoiio o?aaotho oi?iaeueiiai
ioeoeeaeueiiai cae?aieaiey. E?iia oiai, ?acoeueoaou oaoie/aneiai
oai?/anoaa iai?aaeaiu ia ?aoaiea i?aeoe/aneeo caaea/ – eiatho
i?eeeaaeiia cia/aiea.

Iauaeoaie iaoaioiiai i?aaa (i?iiuoeaiiie nianoaaiiinoe a oceii niunea
yoiai neiaa) yaeythony ecia?aoaiey, iieaciua iiaeaee e i?iiuoeaiiua
ia?acoeu. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaoaioiiai i?aaa iaoneiaeaia iaaiciiaeiinoueth
i?yiie io?aiu iauaeoia i?iiuoeaiiie nianoaaiiinoe n?aaenoaaie aaoi?neiai
i?aaa. A ioee/ea io iauaeoia aaoi?neiai i?aaa iauaeou i?iiuoeaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe iiaoo auoue nicaeaiu ?aciuie eeoeaie, iacaaeneii ae?oa io
ae?oaa, iiyoiio eo io?aia i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia oi?iaeueiia
cae?aieaiea i?ei?eoaoa a onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea.

Aaaeiaeoeie oneiaeyie iaoaioiniiniaiinoe iauaeoia i?iiuoeaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe yaeythony eo iiaecia e i?iiuoeaiiay i?eiaieiinoue. I?e
yoii iaoaioiia i?aai cae?aieyao aaniethoioth (ie?iaoth) iiaecio iauaeoia
i?iiuoeaiiie nianoaaiiinoe.

Ecia?aoaiea eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa.

Iaoaioiue caeii ?O ia niaea?aeeo ii?aaeaeaiey iiiyoey ecia?aoaiey, eeoue
oeacuaaao ia oneiaey aai iaoaioiniiniaiinoe: ecia?aoaieth
i?aaeinoaaeyaony i?aaiaay io?aia, anee iii yaeyaony iiaui, eiaao
ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue e i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieii (i. 1 no. 4
Iaoaioiiai caeiia ?O). Iiaeiaiue iiaeoiae niaeanoaony n ie?iaie
iaoaioiie i?aeoeeie, eioi?ay, eae i?aaeei, aeoeaioe?oao aieiaiea ia ia
anao i?eciaeao ecia?aoaiey, a eeoue ia oao, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey aai
io?aiu. I?e yoii, iaeiaei, inoaaony ioe?uoui aii?in: /oi aea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ecia?aoaiea eae oaeiaia?

Ioa/anoaaiiay iaoea, ?aaii eae e aeaenoaiaaaoaa ?aiaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, o?aaeeoeeiiii ?anniao?eaaea ecia?aoaiea a ea/anoaa
oaoie/aneiai ?aoaiey caaea/e. A yoio ?iaeiaie i?eciae ecia?aoaiey
aeeaaeuaaeny aeaiyeee niune. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ecia?aoaoaeueneia
i?aaeeiaeaiea aeieaeii auei ia i?inoi, noaaeoue oo eee eioth caaea/o, a
oeacuaaoue eiie?aoiua iooe e n?aaenoaa aa ?aoaiey. N ae?oaie noi?iiu,
o?aaiaaeinue, /oiau ?aoaiea caaea/e auei oaoie/aneei, a ia eaeei-eeai
eiui, a /anoiinoe i?aaiecaoeeiiiui eee yeiiiie/aneei. I?e yoii aeoeaio
aeaeaeny ia ia naiie caaea/a, a ia nouiinoe aa ?aoaiey. Eiuie neiaaie, n
iiiiuueth ecia?aoaiey iiaea ?aoaoueny ethaay i?aeoe/aneay caaea/a a
iaeanoe oaoieee, naeueneiai oicyenoaa, eoeueoo?u, ia?aciaaiey e o. ae.,
ii eneeth/eoaeueii oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie.

I?eciaaaaiua caeiiii aeaeu oaoie/aneeo ?aoaiee ?ane?uaaeenue /a?ac
iiiyoea «iauaeo ecia?aoaiey». E /eneo iauaeoia ecia?aoaiee ioiineeenue
ono?ienoaa, niiniau, aauanoaa, a oaeaea i?aaeeiaeaiey ii I?eiaiaieth
oaea ecaanoiuo ono?ienoa, niiniaia e aauanoa ii iiaiio iacia/aieth.
Oaeei ia?acii, ecia?aoaieai eae oaoie/aneei ?aoaieai caaea/e iiaei auoue
i?eciaii eeoue eiie?aoiia ?aaioiniiniaiia ?aoaiea, i?aaeeiaeaiiia a
aeaea ono?ienoaa, niiniaa, aauanoaa eee i?aaeeiaeaiey ii eniieueciaaieth
yoeo iauaeoia ii iiaiio iacia/aieth. Ia?auaynue e Iaoaioiiio caeiio ?O,
eaaei caiaoeoue, /oi oioy nai oa?iei «oaoie/aneia ?aoaiea caaea/e» a
Caeiia e ia oiio?aaeyaony, eiie?aoiua o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e
ecia?aoaieyi a niioaaonoaee n yoei e?eoa?eai, a Caeiia i?enoonoaotho.
Iaoaioiue caeii ?O, eae e i?aaeiaa caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, i?yii oeacuaaao
ia aiciiaeiua iauaeou ecia?aoaiee, eeoue ?anoe?yy eo e?oa ca n/ao
ooaiiia-iee?ii?aaieciia, eoeueoo? eeaoie ?anoaiee e aeeaioiuo (i. 2 no.
4). Ana iie iiaoo auoue ioianaiu e oaoie/aneei ?aoaieyi a niioaaonoaee n
yioeeeeiiaaee/aneei ii?aaeaeaieai, oaoieee eae niaieoiiinoe n?aaenoa
/aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, nicaeaiiuo aeey inouanoaeaiey i?ioeannia
i?iecaiaenoaa e ianeoaeeaaiey iai?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?ioeannia iauanoaa.
Iai?ioea, iauaaeeiythuei i?eciaeii iauaeoia, ia i?eciaaaaiuo
iaoaioiniiniaiuie ecia?aoaieyie, ia?a/aiue eioi?uo niaea?aeeony e i. 3
no. 4 Iaoaioiiai caeiia ?O, yaeyaony eo iaoaoie/aneee oa?aeoa?.
Inoaiiaeiny ia yoii /ooue iiae?iaiaa.

Eoae, ethaia ?aoaiea caaea/e, cayaeyaiia a ea/anoaa ecia?aoaiey aeieaeii
iiaeiaaeaoue iiae iaeei ec iacaaiiuo a caeiia iauaeoia, oi anoue auoue
ono?ienoaii, niiniaii, aauanoaii, ooaiiii eeai i?aaeeiaeaieai ii
eniieueciaaieth oeacaiiuo iauaeoia ii iiaiio iacia/aieth. E ono?ienoaai
ioiinyony eiino?oeoeee e ecaeaeey. Iiae ono?ienoaii iiieiaaony nenoaia
?aniieiaeaiiuo a i?ino?ainoaa yeaiaioia ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii
acaeiiaeaenoaothueo ae?oa n ae?oaii. Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee ono?ienoa
eniieuecothony eiino?oeoeaiua n?aaenoaa iaee/ea eiie?aoiuo yeaiaioia
iaee/ea nayce iaaeaeo yeaiaioaie, eo acaeiiia ?aniieiaeaiea, oi?iu
auiieiaiey yeaiaioia, Iaoa?eae, ec eioi?iai iie auiieiythony, e o.i.

E ono?ienoaai eae iauaeoai ecia?aoaiee ioiinyony iaoeiu, i?eai?u,
iaoaieciu, eino?oiaiou, iai?oaeiaaiea e o. i. Ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie
aeaeaie oaoie/aneeo ?aoaiee ecia?aoaiey-ono?ienoaa iaania/eaatho
iaeaieaa aeaenoaaiiue eiio?ieue ca eo oaeoe/aneei eniieueciaaieai, /oi e
ii?aaeaeyao eo ioiineoaeueioth ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoue. E niiniaai ioiinyony
i?ioeannu auiieiaiey aeaenoaee iaae iaoa?eaeueiuie iauaeoaie n iiiiuueth
iaoa?eaeueiuo aea iauaeoia. Niinia – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?eaiia,
auiieiyaiuo a ii?aaeaeaiiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth niaethaeaieai
ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaee. Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee niiniaia eniieuecothony
oaoiieiae/aneea n?aaenoaa – iaee/ea ii?aaeaeaiiie niaieoiiinoe
aeaenoaee, ii?yaeie eo auiieiaiey (iineaaeiaaoaeueii, iaeiia?aiaiii, a
?acee/iuo ?aaeeiao), oneiaey inouanoaeaiey aeaenoaee e o. i.

Ecia?aoaiey-niiniau iiae?acaeaeythony ia:

a) niiniau, iai?aaeaiiua ecaioiaeaiea i?iaeoeoia,

a) niiniau, iai?aaeaiiua ia eciaiaiea ninoiyiey i?aaeiaoia
iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a aac iieo/aiey eiie?aoiuo i?iaeoeoia
(o?ainii?oe?iaea, ia?aaioea e o. ae.

a) niiniau, a ?acoeueoaoa i?eiaiaiey eioi?uo ii?aaeaeyaony ninoiyiea
i?aaeiaoia iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a eiio?ieue, ecia?aiea aeeaaiinoeeai o.i.).
Niaoeeoeea ecia?aoaiee-niiniaia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ecaioiaeaiea
i?iaeoeoia, caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aeaenoaea iaoaioa, auaeaiiiai ia
oaeie niinia, ?ani?ino?aiyaony e ia i?iaeoeo, ecaioiaeaiiue
iaiin?aaenoaaiii yoei niiniaii (oae iacuaaaiay io?aia niiniaa /a?ac
i?iaeoeo)

Aauanoai eae naiinoiyoaeueiue aeae ecia?aoaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
Eneonnoaaiii nicaeaiiia iaoa?eaeueiia ia?aciaaiea, yaeythuaany
niaieoiiinoueth acaeiinaycaiiuo yeaiaioia. Ecia?aoaiey-aauanoaa
iiae?acaeaeythony ia: 1) eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua oeie/aneea niaaeeiaiey, e
eioi?ui oaeaea oneiaii ioianaiu aunieiiieaeoey?iua niaaeeiaiey e iauaeou
aaiiie eiaeaia?ee; 2) eiiiiceoeee (ninoaau niane, nieaau, ea?aieea e o.
ae.); 3) i?iaeoeou yaea?iuo i?aa?auaiee (iai?eia?, iiaua ecioiiu).

Ooaii iee?ii?aaiecia, eoeueoo?u eeaoie ?anoaiee eee aeeaioiuo icia/aao
niaieoiiinoue eeaoie, eiathueo iauaa i?ienoiaeaeaiea e
oa?aeoa?ecothueony iaeeiaeiauie onoie/eauie i?eciaeaie. Ooaiiu
ninoaaeytho iniiao aeioaoiieiaee e i?eiaiythony a ea/aaiuo,
i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo oeaeyo, a ea/anoaa noeioeyoi?ia ?inoa e o. ae.
Nicaeaiea ooaiiia i?aaeiieaaaao iouneaiea ioaeiie n?aaeu aeey
iee?ii?aaieciia, iioeiaeueiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeia, auyaeaiea
n?aaenoa, niinianoaothueo eo ?inoo e nio?aiaieth, e o. i. E ooaiiai
ioiinyony eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ooaiiu (iai?eia?, ooaiiu o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
iee?ii?aaieciia – aaeoa?ee, iee?ineiie/aneea a?eau, ae?iaeaee e o.ae.) e
eiini?oeeoiu iee?ii?aaieciia.

Iaeiiaoe, i?eiaiaiea ?aiaa ecaanoiuo ono?ienoa, niiniaia, aauanoa,
ooaiiia ii iiaiio iacia/aieth ninoieo a oii, /oi ecaanoiia oaoie/aneia
n?aaenoai i?aaeeaaaaony eniieueciaaoue n eiie oeaeueth aeey ?aoaiey
caaea/e, eioi?ay ia eiaeanue a aeaeo ie aaoi?ii, ie ae?oaeie
niaoeeaeenoaie, eiaaea aia?aua noaee i?eiaiyoue aeaiiua ono?ienoaa,
niinia, aauanoai eee ooaii. Eiuie neiaaie, nouiinoue oae iacuaaaiuo
ecia?aoaiee ia i?eiaiaiea caeeth/aaony a onoaiiaeaiee iiauo naienoa oaea
ecaanoiuo iauaeoia e ii?aaeaeaiee iiauo iaeanoae eo eniieueciaaiey. E
i?eiaiaieth ii iiaiio iacia/aieth i?e?aaieaaaony ia?aia i?eiaiaiea
ecaanoiuo aauanoa (i?e?iaeiuo e eneonnoaaiii iieo/aiiuo) aeey
Oaeiaeaoai?aiey iauanoaaiiie iio?aaiinoe.

Ia?yaeo n iauaeoaie ecia?aoaiee Iaoaioiue caeii ?O oeacuaaao ia oa
oai?/aneea ?acoeueoaou, eioi?ua ia i?eciathony ecia?aoaieyie aaeaeo eo
iaoaoie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a? E iei, a /anoiinoe, ioiinyony, iao/iua oai?ee
e iaoaiaoe/aneea iaoiaeu; iaoiaeu i?aaiecaoeee e Oneeaiey oicyenoaii;
oneiaiua iaicia/aiey, ?anienaiey, i?aaeea; iaoiaeu auiieiaiey oinoaaiiuo
iia?aoeee; aeai?eoiu e i?ia?aiiu aeey au/eneeoaeueiuo iaoei; i?iaeou e
noaiu ieaie?iaee nii?oaeaiee, caeaiee» oa??eoi?ee; ?aoaiey, eanathueany
oieueei aiaoiaai aeaea ecaeaeee iai?aaeaiiua ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea
ynoaoe/aneeo iio?aaiinoae; oiiieiaee eioaa?aeueiuo iee?inoai; ni?oa
?anoaiee e ii?iaeu aeeaioiuo e ae?. Aieueoeinoai iacaaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee
io?aiyaony i?aaii, ii eae ecia?aoaiey, a a ea/anoaa eiuo iauaeoia
eioaeeaeooaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, iiaeiaaeay iiae aeaenoaea eeai ii?i
aaoi?neiai i?aaa (iai?eia?, i?ia?aiiu aeey au/eneeoaeueiuo iaoei,
i?iaeou caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee) eeai ii?i eiuo i?aaiauo einoeoooia
(iai?eia?, oiiieiaee eioaa?aeueiuo iee?inoai, iiaua ni?oa ?anoaiee e
ii?iaeu aeeaioiuo).

Oaeei ia?acii, a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
ecia?aoaieai n/eoaaony anyeee aeinoeaiooue /aeiaaeii oai?/aneee
?acoeueoao, nouiinoue eioi?iai ninoieo a iaoiaeaeaiee eiie?aoiuo
oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa ?aoaiey caaea/e, aicieeoae a noa?a i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe.

Aii?in i oii, io?aiyaony ee aeaiiue ?acoeueoao caeiiii, eaaeeo a eiie
ieineinoe e nai ii naaa ia ea?aao ?aoathuae ?iee a i?eciaiee oiai eee
eiiai i?aaeeiaeaiey ecia?aoaieai. Iaeie ecia?aoaiey, eioi?ua ioaa/atho
i?aaeoniio?aiiui caeiiii o?aaiaaieyi, noaiiayony a onoaiiaeaiiii
ii?yaeea ioeoeeaeueii i?eciaiiuie iauaeoaie io?aiu; ae?oaea ecia?aoaiey,
eioi?ua oaeei o?aaiaaieyi ia niioaaonoaotho eee oioy au e
niioaaonoaotho, ii ia ioi?ieaiu a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea, io?aiie ia
iieuecothony, oioy e ia ia?anoatho auoue ec-ca yoiai ecia?aoaieyie. E
/eneo iineaaeieo iiaoo auoue, a /anoiinoe, ioianaiu oaeea oaoie/aneea
?aoaiey, eioi?ua ia iaeaaeatho iauaeoeaiie iiaeciie, oioy e yaeythony
?acoeueoaoaie naiinoiyoaeueiie oai?/aneie ?aaiou; ?aoaiey,
i?ioeai?a/auea iauanoaaiiui eioa?anai, i?eioeeiai aoiaiiinoe e ii?aee, e
ae?.

I?aaiaie io?aiie iieuecothony oa ecia?aoaiey, eioi?ua yaeythony iiauie,
eiatho ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue e i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiu. ?anniio?ei
oeacaiiua e?eoa?ee io?aiiniiniaiinoe ecia?aoaiee aieaa aeaoaeueii.
Oaoie/aneia ?aoaiea i?aeoe/aneie caaea/e, cayaeyaiia a ea/anoaa
ecia?aoaiey, aeieaeii auoue i?aaeaea anaai iiaui,. I?eciae iiaeciu
i?aaeuyaeyaony e ecia?aoaieyi ai anai ie?a.

Iaoaioiue caeii ?O ii?aaeaeyao iiaecio eae iaecaanoiinoue ecia?aoaiey ec
naaaeaiee ia o?iaia oaoieee (i. 1 no. 4). Aeaeaa ?ane?uaaaony naii
iiiyoea «o?iaaiue oaoieee»: naaaeaiey ia o?iaia oaoieee aeeth/atho
ethaua naaaeaiey, noaaoea iauaaeinooiiuie a ie?a aei aeaou i?ei?eoaoa
ecia?aoaiey. Aeaiiay oi?ioee?iaea iicaieyao aeoeaioe?iaaoue aieiaiea ia
o?ao iniiaiuo iiiaioao. Ai-ia?auo, i?e enneaaeiaaiee iiaeciu cayaeaiiiai
?aoaiey eniieuecothony eeoue iauaaeinooiiua naaaeaiey, oi anoue
naaaeaiey, n eioi?uie iiaeao iciaeiieoueny ethaia caeioa?aniaaiiia
eeoei. I?e yoii e iauaaeinooiiui enoi/ieeai eioi?iaoeee, a /anoiinoe,
ioiinyony: iioaeeeiaaiiua iienaiey e io?aiiui aeieoiaioai; ?inneeneea
ecaeaiey (n aeaou iiaeienaiey a ia/aoue); ae?oaea ecaeaiey (n aeaou
auionea a naao); io/aou i auiieiaiee IE? e IE?; iaoa?eaeu aeenna?oaoeee;
yeniiiaou, iiiauaiiua ia aunoaaeao; onoiua aeieeaaeu, eaeoeee,
aunooieaiey; naaaeaiey ia ioe?uoii i?eiaiaiee aiaeiae/iuo ?aoaiee e o.
ae. Iai?ioea, anyeiai ?iaea neoaeaaiay, cae?uoay, nae?aoiay eioi?iaoeey
ai aieiaiea i?e enneaaeiaaiee iiaeciu ia i?eieiaaony.

Ec yoiai i?aaeea anoue, iaeiaei, iaeii eneeth/aiea. I?e enneaaeiaaiee
iiaeciu a naaaeaiey ia o?iaia oaoieee aoiaeyo oaeaea ?aiaa iiaeaiiua
iaiioaeeeiaaiiua cayaee ia ecia?aoaiey e iieaciua iiaeaee ae?oaeo
aaoi?ia, a oaeaea caiaoaioiaaiiua a ?O ecia?aoaiey e iieaciua iiaeaee.
Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii, /oi yoe cayaee ia iiaoo ioiineoueny e
iauaaeinooiiui naaaeaieyi. Iaeiaei aaeaa ee ioaeii aeieacuaaoue
iaiaoiaeeiinoue eo o/aoa i?e enneaaeiaaiee iiaeciu ecia?aoaiey.
Iaoaioiia i?aai ia aeiioneaao auaea/e aeaoo iaoaioia ia oiaeaeanoaaiiua
ecia?aoaiey, iaoaio auaeaaony eeoue ii cayaea, iaeaaeathuae i?ei?eoaoii.
Iiyoiio caeii iiae/a?eeaaao, /oi naaaeaiey i ?aiaa iiaeaiiuo cayaeao e
caiaoaioiaaiiuo iauaeoao o/eouaathony, ii eneeth/eoaeueii i?e
ii?aaeaeaiee iiaeciu. I?e ioeaiea ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy iie ai
aieiaiea ia i?eieiathony.

Ai-aoi?uo, i?e i?iaa?ea iiaeciu o/eouaathony naaaeaiey, noaaoea
iauaaeinooiiuie ia oieueei a ?innee, ii e a ca?oaaaeiuo no?aiao. Eiuie
neiaaie, iiaecia ecia?aoaiey aeieaeia iineoue aaniethoiue ie?iaie
oa?aeoa?.

A-o?aoueeo, i?e ii?aaeaeaiee iiaeciu iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny oieueei oa
naaaeaiey, eioi?ua noaee iauaaeinooiiuie aei aeaou i?ei?eoaoa
ecia?aoaiey.

Oaeei ia?acii, iiiyoea iiaeciu oanii naycaii n iiiyoeai i?ei?eoaoa. Ii
iauaio i?aaeeo, i?ei?eoao ecia?aoaiey onoaiaaeeaaaony ii aeaoa
iinooieaiey a Iaoaioiia aaaeiinoai cayaee, niaea?aeauae cayaeaiea i
auaea/a iaoaioa, iienaiea e oi?ioeo ecia?aoaiey.

Ia?yaeo n iauei i?aaeeii ii?aaeaeaiey i?ei?eoaoa Iaoaioiue caeii ?O
niaea?aeeo ?yae niaoeeaeueiuo eueaioiuo i?aaee, eioi?ua iiaoo
i?eiaiyoueny i?e onoaiiaeaiee i?ei?eoaoa a neo/ayo, oeacaiiuo a caeiia.
I?aaeaea anaai, ?a/ue eaeao i oae iacuaaaiii eiiaaioeeiiiii
i?ei?eoaoa–eioi?ui iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny cayaeoaee ec no?ai– O/anoieoe
Ia?eaeneie eiiaaioeee ii io?aia i?iiuoeaiiie nianoaaiiinoe A yoii neo/aa
i?ei?eoao iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeai ii aeaoa iiaea/e ia?aie cayaee a
no?aia– o/anoieoea Eiiaaioeee i?e oneiaee, /oi ia ecia?aoaiea iinooieea
a Iaoaioiia aaaeiinoai ?O a oa/aiea 12 ianyoeaa n oeacaiiie aeaou. E?iia
oiai, i?ei?eoao cayaee iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeai:

a) ii aeaoa iiaea/e aieaa ?aiiae cayaee oiai aea cayaeoaey, anee ii
caiaiyao iaeio cayaeo ia ae?oaoth, ia iaiyy nouiinoe cayaeaiiiai
?aoaiey;

a) ii aeaoa iiaea/e aeiiieieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, anee a iineaaeothuaa
yoe aeiiieieoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu ioi?ieaiu a ea/anoaa naiinoiyoaeueiie
cayaee;

a) ii aeaoa iiaea/e ia?aiia/aeueiie cayaee, anee cayaeoaeue aei i?eiyoey
ii iae ?aoaiey auaeaeyao ec yoie cayaee ae?oaoth, naiinoiyoaeueioth
cayaeo, e o. ae.

Caaa?oay aiaeec i?eciaea iiaeciu, iaiaoiaeeii einiooueny aii?ina i oae
iacuaaaiie eueaioa ii iiaecia. Ii iauaio i?aaeeo, ?aoaiea ia?anoaao
auoue iiaui n oiai iiiaioa, eiaaea naaaeaiey i iai iioaeeeiaaiu eee
?aoaiea ia/eiaao ioe?uoi eniieueciaaoueny. Ii naiiio ?ac?aaio/eeo
i?aaeinoaaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue iiaeaoue cayaeo aua a oa/aiea oanoe
ianyoeaa, e iia a oa/aiea yoiai n?iea n/eoaaony iiaie.

I?aaeinoaaeaiea naiei ?ac?aaio/eeai eueaiou ii iiaecia iaoneiaeaii oai,
/oi ia?aaeei aei iiaea/e cayaee iaiaoiaeeii ia i?aeoeea i?iaa?eoue oaeea
ea/anoaa ?aoaiey, eae aai eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue, aiciiaeiinoue auno?iai
i?iiuoeaiiiai inaiaiey, noieiinoue aiaae?aiey e o. i. *oiau naeaeaoue
yoi a niieieiie ianoaiiaea e aac iianaiee oo?aoeoue iaoaioiniiniaiinoue,
cayaeoaeyi ai anai ie?a i?aaeinoaaeyaony eueaioiue ia?eiae, a oa/aiea
eioi?iai iie iiaoo i?iaa?eoue iaee/ea o ecia?aoaiey iiaeiaiuo ea/anoa.

Neaaeothuei e?eoa?eai io?aiiniiniaiinoe ecia?aoaiey yaeyaony
ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue iniaiai e?eoa?ey,
iicaieythuaai i?eciaaaoue iaoaioiniiniaiuie ecia?aoaieyie eeoue oaeea
?ac?aaioee, eioi?ua aiinyo aeeaae a iao/iue e oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann,
ieeai ia noaaeony iiae niiiaiea. Ia ia?aue acaeyae, yoo ooieoeeth iiaeao
auiieiyoue i?eciae iiaeciu, eioi?ue iau/ii au?aaeaao oai?/aneia ia/aei.
Iaeiaei aeaeaei ia anyeia ?aoaiea, eioi?ia n iieiui iniiaaieai aeieaeii
auoue i?eciaii iiaui, iiaeao n/eoaoueny e aiinyuei aeeaae a o?iaaiue
oaoieee.

Iai?eia?, iaeaaeay iaeioi?uie aeinooiiuie ciaieyie a oie eee eiie
iaeanoe oaoieee, ethaie n?aaeiee niaoeeaeeno eaaei iiaeao ninoaaeoue
aieueoia eiee/anoai eiiaeiaoeee ecaanoiuo n?aaenoa, eaaeaeay ec eioi?uo
aoaeao iiaie, ii aaeaa ee a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa yoi aoaeao icia/aoue
auoiae ca oaea ecaanoiia iaoea e oaoieea. Iiyoiio a iaoaioiuo caeiiao
iiaeaaeythuaai aieueoeinoaa no?ai i?enoonoaoao, oioy e iiae ?aciuie
iacaaieyie (ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue, iai/aaeaeiinoue,
ecia?aoaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue, ecia?aoaoaeueneee oaa, nouanoaaiiia
ioee/ea), e?eoa?ee, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai io?aiiniiniaiia ecia?aoaiea
ioa?aie/eaaaony io iau/iuo eiaeaia?iuo ?ac?aaioie eee iauaeoia» eioi?ui
ia i?aaeuyaeythony iiaeiaiua o?aaiaaiey.

A niioaaonoaee n i. 1 no. 4 Iaoaioiiai caeiia ?O ecia?aoaiea eiaao
ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue, anee iii aeey niaoeeaeenoa yaiui ia?acii ia
neaaeoao ec o?iaiy oaoieee. Eae aeaeei, o?iaaiue oaoieee neoaeeo
enoiaeiie aacie aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ia oieueei iiaeciu ?ac?aaioee, ii e aa
ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy. Aaconeiaii, yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeecinoe
oeacaiiuo e?eoa?eaa, ii ioithaeue ia icia/aao eo niaiaaeaiey. I?e
aiaeeca o?iaiy oaoieee ai a?aiy i?iaa?ee iiaeciu cayaeaiiiai ecia?aoaiey
auyaeythony aiaeiae ecia?aoaiey e i?iecaiaeeony n?aaiaiea ecia?aoaiey n
eaaeaeui ec aiaeiaia a ioaeaeueiinoe. I?e ii?aaeaeaiee iiaeciu
ecia?aoaiey ia aeiioneaaony i?eaaaeaiea ianeieueeeo enoi/ieeia
eioi?iaoeee aeey aeieacaoaeuenoaa ecaanoiinoe niaieoiiinoe i?eciaeia
ecia?aoaiey.

Iai?ioea, i?e enneaaeiaaiee oiai, iaeaaeaao ee cayaeaiiia ?aoaiea
ecia?aoaoaeueneei o?iaiai eee iao, a ?an/ao iiaeao i?eieiaoueny
eioi?iaoeey i ethauo ?aoaieyo, iaeaaeathueo i?eciaeaie, oa?aeoa?iuie
aeey enneaaeoaiiai ?aoaiey. Eiuie neiaaie, ecia?aoaoaeueneei o?iaiai
aoaeao iaeaaeaoue eeoue oi ?aoaiea, eioi?ia eiaao i?eciaee, aua ia
ecaanoiua ec o?iaiy oaoieee. I?e yoii ai aieiaiea i?eieiathony oieueei
iauaaeinooiiua naaaeaiey. Iiaeaiiua cayaee ia ecia?aoaiea e iieaciua
iiaeaee, a oaeaea caiaoaioiaaiiua a ?innee ecia?aoaiey e iieaciua
iiaeaee, anee naaaeaiey i ieo ia iioaeeeiaaiu, a o?iaaiue oaoieee i?e
enneaaeiaaiee aeaiiiai e?eoa?ey ia aeeth/athony.

Ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue, eae e iiaecia, onoaiaaeeaaaony ia aeaoo
i?ei?eoaoa. Cayaeoaeth oi/ii oaeaea i?aaeinoaaeyaony 6-iany/iue
eueaioiue n?ie, a oa/aiea eioi?iai, ianiio?y ia iaia?iaeiaaiea naaaeaiee
i nouanoaa ?aoaiey naiei ?ac?aaio/eeii, iii n/eoaaony aua ia oo?aoeaoei
ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue. I?e aiaeeca nouanoaa e?eoa?ey
«ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue» ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea eiaao o?aeoiaea
iiiyoee «niaoeeaeeno» e «i/aaeaeiinoue», /a?ac eioi?ua ii ii?aaeaeyaony.

A Iaoaioiii caeiia ?O iiiyoea «niaoeeaeeno» ia ?ane?uaaaony. Iie?aynue
ia iiuo oao no?ai, a iaoaioiuo caeiiao eioi?uo eniieuecoaony yoa
oneiaiay oeao?a, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iiae niaoeeaeenoii
iiae?acoiaaaaony eeoei, iaeaaeathuaa aeinooiiuie n?aaeieie ciaieyie a
iaeanoe, a eioi?ie iii ?aaioaao e e eioi?ie ioiineony cayaeaiiia
ecia?aoaiea.

I/aaeaeii, /oi a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo iaeuecy auoue niaoeeaeenoii oao
iaeanoyo ciaiey, «niaoeeaeenoii aiiaua». Iiyoiio i?e i?iaaaeaiee
yenia?oecu ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue aeieaeai i?iaa?youeny ii
iauaaeinooiiui enoi/ieeai eioi?iaoeee, iaeiaei a i?aaeaeao oie iaeanoe
ciaiee, e eioi?ie ioiineony cayaeaiiia ecia?aoaiea. *oiau auoue
iaoaioiniiniaiui, ecia?aoaiea ia aeieaeii yaiui aeey niaoeeaeenoia
ia?acii neaaeiaaoue ec o?iaiy oaoieee, oi anoue auoue aeey niaoeeaeenoa
i/aaeaeiui. I/aaeaeiia – yoi cia/eo ia auoiaeyuaa ca i?aaeaeu
ii?iaeueiiai i?ia?anna a oaoiieiaee, a naii niaie ?acoiathuaany eee aea
eiae/anee auoaeathuaa ec o?iaiy oaoieee, oi anoue ia i?aaeiieaaathuaa
eniieueciaaiey ecia?aoaoaeueneiai oaeaioa. Yoi oa ?aoaiey, e eioi?ui
niiniaai i?eeoe ethaie eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiue niaoeeaeeno a ii?aaeaeaiiie
iaeanoe oaoieee.

Iaeiiaoe, e?eoa?eai iaoaioiniiniaiinoe ecia?aoaiey yaeyaony i?iiuoeaiiay
i?eiaieiinoue. Ecia?aoaiea yaeyaony i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiui, anee iii
iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaii a i?iiuoeaiiinoe naeueneii oicyenoaa,
cae?aaiio?aiaiee e ae?oaeo io?aneyo aeayoaeueiinoe. Nai oa?iei
«i?iiuoeaiiay i?eiaieiinoue» ia aiieia aaeaeaaoii io?aaeaao
aeeaaeuaaaiia a iaai niaea?aeaiea. A ?innee, eae e aacaea, aio aeaaony
naiia oe?ieia oieeiaaiea, icia/athuaa, ii nooe aeaea, aiciiaeiinoue
i?aeoe/aneiai eniieueciaaiey ecia?aoaiey a ethaie noa?a /aeiaa/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Neaaeoao iniai iiae/a?eiooue, /oi a niioaaonoaee n
?inneeneei Iaoaioiui caeiiii i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiuie n/eoathony e
iaoiaeu i?ioeeaeoeee, aeeaaiinoeee e ea/aiey caaieaaaiee ethaeae e
aeeaioiuo, eioi?ua ii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao iiiaeo no?ai ia i?eciathony
iaoaioiniiniaiuie.

A ioee/ea io i?eciaeia iiaeciu e ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy e?eoa?ee
i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe i?yii ia naycuaaaony caeiiii n o?iaiai oaoieee
e aeaoie i?ei?eoaoa. Iaaeaeo oai oaeay naycue, aaconeiaii, eiaaony, oioy
iiaeoiae e eniieueciaaieth ecaanoiuo naaaeaiee, ioaaouaaaiuo iiiyoeai
«o?iaaiue oaoieee», yaeyaony eiui. Anee n oi/ee c?aiey iiaeciu e
ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai eiaoue ianoi auoiae ca
i?aaeaeu o?iaiy oaoieee, oi i?e i?iaa?ea i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe
aeieaeii auoue onoaiiaeaii, /oi ecia?aoaiea inouanoaeii eiaiii i?e
aeaiiii o?iaia oaoieee.

A caeiia ia oeacaii, ia eaeie iiiaio aeieaeia ioeaieaaoueny i?iiuoeaiiay
i?eiaieiinoue cayaeaiiiai ecia?aoaiey. Yoi i?aaenoaaeyaony ia oiouaieai
caeiiiaeaoaey, a aai niciaoaeueiie iiceoeeae. A ioee/ea io i?eciaeia
iiaeciu e ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue oo?a/aiu
ecia?aoaieai, i?eciae i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe, iai?ioea, iiaeao o
ecia?aoaiey a aeaiiue iiiaio ionoonoaiaaoue, a aiineaaenoaee iiyaeoueny.
A yoeo oneiaeyo, ianiiiaiii, oeaeaniia?acii /aoeia ii?aaeaeaiea aeaou,
ia eioi?oth onoaiaaeeaathony iiaecia e ecia?aoaoaeueneee o?iaaiue
ecia?aoaiey, e iaoeaeaniia?acia aeanoeay ?aaeaiaioaoeey iiiaioa
ii?aaeaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe.

A naiii aeaea, anee oaeei iiiaioii i?eciaoue aeaoo i?ei?eoaoa, oi anoue
aeaoo iiaea/e cayaee, ioeaciia ?aoaiea yenia?oecu auaeyaeaei au iaeaii
anee au ia iiiaio aa i?iaaaeaiey cayaeaiiia ?aoaiea noaei i?iiuoeaiii
i?eiaieiui. Anee aea ca oi/eo ion/aoa ca?aiaa i?eiyoue iiiaio
i?iaaaeaiey yenia?oecu, /oi iiaeao iieacaoueny eiae/iui, oi, ai-ia?auo,
yoi auei au aeinoaoi/ii iaii?aaeaeaiiui ?aoaieai e, ai-aoi?uo a
iaeioi?ie noaiaie i?eaioe?iaaei au ecia?aoaoaeae ia oaeea ?aaioee,
eioi?ua ia iiiaio eo nicaeaiey e ioi?ieaiey cayaee ia niiniaiu e
i?aeoe/aneiio inouanoaeaieth. Yoei e iauyniyaony ionoonoaea a caeiia
yniinoe ioiineoaeueii iiiaioa ii?aaeaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe.
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi aeaiiue aii?in aeieaeai ?aoaoueny ia ?aiaa, /ai ia
iiiaio i?iaaaeaiey yenia?oecu, oioy a naiii caeiia oeacaiea ia yoi iiaei
au auaeyaeaoue ia aiieia ei??aeoiui.

Iieaciay iiaeaeue eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa.

Neaaeothuei iauaeoii iaoaioiiai i?aaa yaeyaony iieaciay iiaeaeue. I?e aa
oa?aeoa?enoeea, a oaeaea i?e aiaeeca iiiyoey e i?eciaeia i?iiuoeaiiiai
ia?acoea, oaea ia aoaeoo iiae?iaii inaauaoueny oa eo i?eciaee, eioi?ua
niaiaaeatho n i?eciaeaie ecia?aoaiey, aieiaiea aoaeao aeoeaioe?iaaoueny
eeoue ia eiathueony ?acee/eyo.

A ea/anoaa iieaciie iiaeaee io?aiythony iiaua e i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiua
?aoaiey, ioiinyueany e eiino?oeoeaiiio auiieiaieth n?aaenoa
i?iecaiaenoaa e i?aaeiaoia iio?aaeaiey, a oaeaea eo ninoaaiuo /anoae (i.
1 no. 5 Iaoaioiiai caeiia ?O).

Iiiyoeai «iieaciay iiaeaeue» iau/ii ioaaouaathony oaeea oaoie/aneea
iiaoanoaa, eioi?ua ii naiei aiaoiei i?eciaeai i/aiue iaiiieiatho
iaoaioiniiniaiua ecia?aoaiey, iaeiaei yaeythony iaiaa cia/eoaeueiuie n
oi/ee c?aiey eo aeeaaea a o?iaaiue oaoieee. Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai oao
no?ai, eioi?ua i?aaeinoaaeytho iniaoth io?aio iiaeiaiui iauaeoai,
onoaiaaeeaaao, eae i?aaeei, aieaa oi?iuaiiue ii?yaeie auaea/e ia ieo
io?aiiuo aeieoiaioia (eiiaaea eiaioaiuo iaeuie iaoaioaie), nie?auaiiue
n?ie eo aeaenoaey, iaiaa cia/eoaeueiua iioeeiu e o. i.

*oi eanaaony e?oaa io?aiyaiuo a ea/anoaa iieaciie iiaeaee iauaeoia, oi a
ie?iaie i?aeoeea iaiaoeeenue aeaa iiaeoiaea. A iaeieo no?aiao, a
/anoiinoe a ssiiiee, iiiyoea «iieaciay iiaeaeue» oieeoaony
?anoe?eoaeueii e ioaaouaaao niaie i?aeoe/anee oio aea ia?a/aiue
iauaeoia, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue i?eciaiu ecia?aoaieyie, oi anoue
ono?ienoaa, niiniau, aauanoaa e o. i. A ae?oaeo no?aiao, a /anoiinoe a
O?A, iiiyoeai iieaciay iiaeaeue» ioaaouaathony eeoue iauaeou, eiathuea
i?ino?ainoaaiioth no?oeoo?o, oi anoue ono?ienoaa.

Iaoaioiue caeii ?O, eae aeaeii ec niaea?aeauaainy a iai ii?aaeaeaiey,
enoiaeeo ec iiiyoey iieaciie iiaeaee oi anoue ath i?eciaaony oieueei
?aoaiea? aeeth/athuaany a i?ino?ainoaaiiii ?aniieiaeaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo
iauaeoia A ea/anoaa iieaciie iiaeaee ia io?aiythony ?aoaiey, ioiinyueany
e niiniaai, aauanoaai eee ooaiiai. Eae e ecia?aoaiea, iieaciay iiaeaeue
yaeyaony oaoie/aneei ?aoaieai caaea/e. Eo iniiaiia ?acee/ea caeeth/aaony
a aeaoo iiiaioao. Ai-ia?auo, a ea/anoaa iieaciie iiaeaee io?aiythony ia
ethaua oaoie/aneea ?aoaiey, a eeoue oa, eioi?ua ioiinyony e oeio
ono?ienoa, oi anoue e eiino?oeoeaiiio auiieiaieth n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa
e i?aaeiaoia iio?aaeaiey.

Ai-aoi?uo e iieaciie iiaeaee ia i?aaeuyaeyaony o?aaiaaiea
ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy. Yoi, iaeiaei, ia icia/aao, /oi iieaciie
iiaeaeueth iiaeao auoue i?eciaii i/aaeaeiia aeey ethaiai niaoeeaeenoa
?aoaiea caaea/e. Iieaciay iiaeaeue, eae e ecia?aoaiea e ae?oaea iauaeou
eioaeeaeooaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, aeieaeia auoue ?acoeueoaoii
naiinoiyoaeueiiai ecia?aoaoaeueneiai oai?/anoaa. Ii noaiaiue oai?/anoaa
iiaeao auoue iaiueoae, /ai yoi o?aaoaony aeey i?eciaiey ?aoaiey
ecia?aoaieai. E?iia oiai, iaee/ea ecia?aoaoaeueneiai oai?/anoaa ia
i?iaa?yaony i?e auaea/a io?aiiiai aeieoiaioa ia iieacioth iiaeaeue. Aeey
i?eciaiey ?aoaiey iieaciie iiaeaeueth iii aeieaeii iaeaaeaoue iiaeciie
i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoueth.

Iieaciay iiaeaeue i?eciaaony iiaie, anee niaieoiiinoue aa nouanoaaiiuo
i?eciaeia iaecaanoia ec o?iaiy oaoieee, oi anoue niaieoiiinoe
iauaaeinooiiuo a ie?a naaaeaiee. Iaeiaei, a ioee/ea io ecia?aoaiee, a
ninoaa o?iaiy oaoieee i?e enneaaeiaaiee iiaeciu iieaciie iiaeaee ia
aeeth/athony naaaeaiey ia ioe?uoii i?eiaiaiee ca i?aaeaeaie ?innee
n?aaenoa, oiaeaeanoaaiiuo cayaeaiiie iieaciie iiaeaee.

Ai anai inoaeueiii (o?aaiaaiea iauaaeinooiiinoe naaaeaiee, ii?aaeaeaiea
iiaeciu ia aeaoo i?ei?eoaoa, eueaioa ii iiaecia, i?aaeinoaaeyaiay
cayaeoaeth, e o. ae.) i?eciae iiaeciu iieaciie iiaeaee niaiaaeaao n
iiaeciie ecia?aoaiey. E?eoa?ee i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe ii ioiioaieth
e iieaciie iiaeaee eiaao oi/ii oaeia aea cia/aiea, /oi e ii ioiioaieth e
ecia?aoaieth. Ii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi cayaeaiiia ?aoaiea
yaeyaony inouanoaeiui e cayaeoaeai ?ac?aaioaiu e io?aaeaiu a cayaea
eiie?aoiua n?aaenoaa, aeinoaoi/iua aeey aiieiuaiey aai a aeeciue.

I?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe eae iauaeo iaoaioiiai i?aaa.

I?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii yaeyaony ooaeiaeanoaaiii eiino?oeoi?neia ?aoaiea
ecaeaeey ii?aaeaeythuaa aai aiaoiee aeae (i. 1 no. 6 Iaoaioiiai caeiia
?O). Eae e ecia?aoaiea, i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
iaiaoa?eaeueiia aeaai, ?acoeueoao oinoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ue
iiaeao auoue aiieiuai a eiie?aoiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo iauaeoao. Iaeiaei, anee
ecia?aoaiea yaeyaony oaoie/aneei ?aoaieai caaea/e, oi i?iiuoeaiiui
ia?acoeii i?eciaaony ?aoaiea aiaoiaai aeaea ecaeaeey, oi anoue
aeecaeia?neia ?aoaiea caaea/e.

?iaeiaie i?eciae i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea – aeecaeia?neia ?aoaiea –
icia/aao, ai-ia?auo, /oi a ?aoaiee niaea?aeaony oeacaiey ia eiie?aoiua
n?aaenoaa e iooe ?aaeecaoeee oai?/aneiai caiunea aeecaeia?a. Anee
caaea/a eeoue iinoaaeaia, ii oaeoe/anee ia ?aoaia, i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe
eae naiinoiyoaeueiue iauaeo aua ia nicaeai.

Ai-aoi?uo, caaea/a, ?aoaaiay n iiiiuueth i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea, ninoieo
a ii?aaeaeaiee aiaoiaai aeaea ecaeaeey. Iiae ecaeaeeyie a aeaiiii neo/aa
iiieiathony naiua ?aciiia?aciua i?aaeiaou, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey /aeiaa/aneeo iio?aaiinoae, eioi?ua iiaoo aini?eieiaoueny
aecoaeueii e niiniaiu ioiineoaeueii nio?aiyoue naie aiaoiee aeae.
Aiaoiee aeae ecaeaeey iiaeao aeeth/aoue ?acee/iua i?eciaee, ii a
eiia/iii n/aoa ii ii?aaeaeyaony au?aceoaeueiinoueth e acaeiiui
?aniieiaeaieai iniiaiuo eiiiiceoeeiiiuo yeaiaioia, oi?iie e oeaaoiaui
eniieiaieai.

A-o?aoueeo, ?aoaiea aiaoiaai aeaea ecaeaeey aeieaeiu iineoue
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neee oa?aeoa?. Eiuie neiaaie, ai aiaoiai
aeaea ecaeaeey aeieaeiu ni/aoaoueny ooaeiaeanoaaiiua e eiino?oeoi?neea
yeaiaiou. Eniieueciaaiea iaeieo eeoue ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo n?aaenoa,
iai?eia? eciaiaiea oeaaoa ecaeaeey, ?aaii eae e iaeieo eiino?oeoi?neeo
n?aaenoa, iai?eia? eciaiaiea ?acia?a ecaeaeey, aeey i?iiuoeaiiiai
ia?acoea iaaeinoaoi/ii. Ooaeiaeanoaaiiua e eiino?oeoi?neea yeaiaiou
aeieaeiu aa?iiie/ii ni/aoaoueny e acaeiii aeiiieiyoue ae?oa ae?oaa.

I?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii iiaoo auoue oeaeia aaeeie/iia ecaeaeea, aai
/anoue, eiiieaeo (iaai?) ecaeaeee e aa?eaiou ecaeaeey. Ecaeaeea eae
iauaeo i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea iiaeao auoue, a naith i/a?aaeue, iauaiiui
(iiaeaeue), ieineinoiui (?enoiie) eee ninoaaeyoue eo ni/aoaiea. Iauaiiua
i?iiuoeaiiua iauaeou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eiiiiceoeeth, a iniiaa eioi?ie
eaaeeo iauaiii-i?ino?ainoaaiiay no?oeoo?a, iai?eia?
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiie?aoiia ?aoaiea, ii?aaeaeythuaa aiaoiee aeae noaiea,
iaoeiu, iaoae e o. i. Ieineinoiua i?iiuoeaiiua iauaeou oa?aeoa?ecothony
eeiaeii-a?aoe/aneei niioiioaieai yeaiaioia e oaeoe/anee ia iaeaaeatho
iauaiii, iai?eia? aiaoiee aeae eia?a, ieaoea, oeaie, iaiaa e o. i.
Eiiaeie?iaaiiua i?iiuoeaiiua ia?acoeu ni/aoatho a naaa yeaiaiou,
naienoaaiiua iauaiiui e ieineinoiui i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeai, iai?eia?
aiaoiee aeae eioi?iaoeeiiiiai oaaei, oeeoa?aeaoa /ania e o. i.

*anoue ecaeaeey iiaeao auoue cayaeaia a ea/anoaa i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea
a oii neo/aa, anee iia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey oieoeoee?iaaiiiai i?eiaiaiey,
oi anoue iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia n oeaeui ?yaeii ecaeaeee, a oaeaea
iaeaaeaao naiinoiyoaeueiie ooieoeeae e caaa?oaiiie eiiiiceoeeae.
Iai?eia?, naiinoiyoaeueiui i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii iiaoo auoue i?eciaiu
oa?u, ?acee/iiai ?iaea ?o/ee, naaeei aeey aaeineiaaea e o. i. Eiiieaeo
(iaai?) ecaeaeee i?eciaaony i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii, anee aoiaeyuea a aai
ninoaa yeaiaiou, auiieiythuea ?aciiia?aciua ooieoeee, ioee/iua ae?oa io
ae?oaa, iiae/eiaiu iauae caaea/a, ?aoaaiie eiiieaeoii a oeaeii.
Iai?eia?, eae i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe iiaoo auoue ca?aaeno?e?iaaiu /aeiue
eee noieiaue na?aec, iaaaeueiue aa?ieoo?, iaai? eino?oiaioia e o. i.

Aa?eaioaie i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea iiaeao auoue
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neia ?aoaiea iaeieo e oao aea ecaeaeee,
?acee/athueony ii niaieoiiinoe nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeia, ii?aaeaeythueo
iaeeiaeiaua ynoaoe/aneea e y?aiiiie/aneea iniaaiiinoe ecaeaeee.
Iai?eia?, aa?eaioaie i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea iiaeao auoue
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neia ?aoaiea aeaoo eee ianeieueeeo
aaoiiiaeeae iaeiie iiaeaee, ioee/athueony ae?oa io ae?oaa oi?iie
iaeeoeiaee, ?o/ae, oa? e o. i.; nooeueaa, ioee/athueony oaeoo?ie e
oeaaoii aeaei?aoeaiie iaeai/iie oeaie, e o. ae.

Aiaoiee aeae iaeioi?uo i?aaeiaoia iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a ia iiaeao
cayaeyoueny a ea/anoaa i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea. Oae, ia i?eciathony
i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii:

Ecaeaeey, aiaoiee aeae eioi?uo iaoneiaeai eneeth/eoaeueii eo oaoie/aneie
ooieoeeae (aaeee, aieou, aeiou, naa?ea e o. i.);

Iauaeou a?oeoaeoo?u, e?iia iaeuo a?oeoaeoo?iuo oi?i, iai?eia? aiaoiee
aeae eeineia iaeaoie, oaeaoiiiuo aoaeie e o. i.;

Ia/aoiay i?iaeoeoeey eae oaeiaay, eioi?ay io?aiyaony ii?iaie aaoi?neiai
i?aaa;

Iauaeou iaonoie/eaie oi?iu ec aeeaeeeo, aaciia?aciuo, nuio/eo eee ei
iiaeiaiuo aauanoa, oae eae iaonoie/eainoue eo oi?iu ia iicaieyao
i?eaeaoue ei aiaoiee aeae n iiiiuueth ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neeo
n?aaenoa;

Ecaeaeey, i?ioeai?a/auea iauanoaaiiui eioa?anai, i?eioeeiai aoiaiiinoe e
ii?aee iai?eia?, ?enoiee e iaaeiene ii?iia?aoe/aneiai e inei?aeoaeueiiai
oa?aeoa?a).

Eoae, i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii a oe?ieii niunea yaeyaony ethaia
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neia ?aoaiea ecaeaeey, ii?aaeaeythuaa aai
aiaoiee aeae. A yoii niunea i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeii iiaoo n/eoaoueny
?aoaiey aiaoiaai aeaea ethauo iiauo ecaeaeee, auioneaaiuo
i?iiuoeaiiinoueth, eioi?ua a naiae iiaeaaeythuae ianna ieaaea ia
?aaeno?e?othony e ieeae ia io?aiythony.

I?aaiaay io?aia, i?aaeinoaaeyaony oai i?iiuoeaiiui ia?acoeai, eioi?ua
yaeythony iiauie i?eaeiaeueiuie e i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiuie. Oeacaiiua
e?eoa?ee iaoaioiniiniaiinoe, cae?aieaiiua Iaoaioiui caeiiii ?O,
niioaaonoaotho iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui a ie?iaie i?aeoeea i?eciaeai
io?aiyaiuo i?aaii i?iiuoeaiiuo ia?acoeia. ?anniio?ei ae?aooea yoe
e?eoa?ee. I?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe i?eciaaony iiaui, anee niaieoiiinoue aai
nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeia, ii?aaeaeythueo ynoaoe/aneea e y?aiiiie/aneea
iniaaiiinoe ecaeaeey, iaecaanoia ec naaaeaiee, noaaoeo iauaaeinooiiuie a
ie?a aei aeaou i?ei?eoaoa i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea.

I?e yoii iiae nouanoaaiiuie i?eciaeaie i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea
iiieiathony i?eciaee, iauaeoeaii i?enouea
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neiio ?aoaieth ecaeaeey, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo
iaiaoiaeei, a ana aianoa aeinoaoi/iu aeey nicaeaiey c?eoaeueiiai ia?aca
ecaeaeey. E iiaecia i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea i?aaeuyaeythony oi/ii oaeea
aea o?aaiaaiey, eae e e iiaecia ecia?aoaiey. I?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe
i?eciaaony i?eaeiaeueiui, anee aai nouanoaaiiua i?eciaee iaoneiaeeaatho
oai?/aneee oa?aeoa? ynoaoe/aneeo iniaaiiinoae ecaeaeee. Aeaiiue i?eciae
auiieiyao i?eiaieoaeueii e i?iiuoeaiiiio ia?acoeo i?eia?ii oaeoth aea
?ieue, eaeoth ea?aao ioiineoaeueii ecia?aoaiee e?eoa?ee
ecia?aoaoaeueneiai o?iaiy: n aai iiiiuueth io?aiiniiniaiua i?iiuoeaiiua
ia?acoeu eae oai?/aneea ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neea ?aoaiey
ioa?aie/eaathony io ?acoeueoaoia iau/iie aeecaeia?neie ?aaiou. I?aaiaie
io?aia iiaeeaaeao eeoue oa ?aoaiey, eioi?ua, auoiaey ec ?aiie iau/iiai
i?iaeoe?iaaiey, aini?eieiathony eae iaiaeeaeaiiua, ianoiaeea n
ecaanoiuie ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neeie ?ac?aaioeaie.

Iiyoiio, iai?eia?, ia i?eciathony i?iiuoeaiiuie ia?acoeaie, eae ia
iaeaaeathuea i?eaeiaeueiinoueth, ea?ooee a aeaea oiaiueoaiiiai,
oi?iuaiiiai ?aaeueiiai iauaeoa, oae eae niaoeeoeea
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neiai ?aoaiey aeieaeia auoue ?acoeueoaoii
oai?/aneiai ia?ainiuneaiey oi?iu ?aaeueiuo ecaeaeee; ecaeaeey,
eneonnoaaiii nio?aiythuea oi?io, naienoaaiioth ecaeaeeyi ii?aaeaeaiiiai
iacia/aiey, ii auiieiaiiua ia ae?oaie oaoie/aneie iniiaa (iai?eia?,
ieanoianniaue ai/iiie, eieoe?othuee aea?aayiiue), e o. i.

I?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe yaeyaony i?iiuoeaiii i?eiaieiui, anee ii iiaeao
auoue iiiaie?aoii aini?iecaaaeai iooai ecaioiaeaiey niioaaonoaothuaai
ecaeaeey. Eiaiii aiciiaeiinoue aini?iecaaaeaiey aeaeaao aeooaeueiie
iaoaioii-i?aaiaoth oi?io io?aiu i?eaeiaeueiiai
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-eiino?oeoi?neiai ?aoaiey. Anee ?aoaiea aiaoiaai aeaea
ecaeaeey i?aeoe/anee ia aini?iecaiaeeii (iai?eia?, eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao i
aunieiooaeiaeanoaaiiie ?o/iie ?aaioa), iaiaoiaeeiinoue a aai iaoaioiie
io?aia, eae i?aaeei, ionoonoaoao. A yoii neo/aa i?aaa ecaeaoaey
oai?/aneiai ?acoeueoaoa a aeinoaoi/iie ia?a io?aiythony ii?iaie
aaoi?neiai i?aaa.

E?eoa?ee i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe ia icia/aao, iaeiaei, /oi ?aoaiea
aiaoiaai aeaea ecaeaeey aeieaeii auoue iaycaoaeueii aini?iecaiaeeii
i?iiuoeaiiui iooai, oioy, eiia/ii, eiaiii oaeie niinia aini?iecaaaeaiey
i?aaeaea anaai eiaaony a aeaeo. Eae i?iiuoeaiiua ia?acoeu io?aiythony e
?aoaiey aiaoiaai aeaea oao ecaeaeee, i?e ecaioiaeaiee eioi?uo a aieueoie
noaiaie i?eiaiyaony ?o/iie o?oae. Aeoeaio aeaeaaony ia naiie
aiciiaeiinoe iiiaie?aoiiai aini?iecaaaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo ecaeaeee, a
ia niiniaa aini?iecaaaeaiey. I?e ioeaiea i?iiuoeaiiie i?eiaieiinoe
i?iaa?yaony, eiia/ii, e naia inouanoaeiinoue cayaeaiiiai i?iiuoeaiiiai
ia?acoea e iiiiuueth iienaiiuo a cayaea eee ecaanoiuo n?aaenoa, niiniaia
e iaoa?eaeia.

4. A?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaua niiniau caueou i?aa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeae.

A niioaaonoaee ni no. 14 Iaoaioiiai caeiia ?O ethaia oece/aneia eee
th?eaee/aneia eeoei, eniieuecothuaa ecia?aoaiea, iieacioth iiaeaeue eee
i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe, caueuaiiua iaoaioii, a i?ioeai?a/ee n ianoiyuei
Caeiiii, n/eoaaony ia?ooeoaeai iaoaioa. Eiie?aoiua aeaeu ia?ooaiee
eneeth/eoaeueiiai i?aaa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey oeacaiu a i. 3 no. 10
Iaoaioiiai caeiia e aeeth/atho a naay ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia ecaioiaeaiea,
i?eiaiaiea, auaic, i?aaeeiaeaiea e i?iaeaaea, i?iaeaaeo e eiia aaaaeaiea
a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io eee o?aiaiea n yoie oeaeueth i?iaeoeoa,
niaea?aeauaai caiaoaioiaaiiia ecia?aoaiea, iieacioth iiaeaeue,
i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe, a oaeaea i?eiaiaiea niiniaa, io?aiyaiiai iaoaioii
ia ecia?aoaiea, eee aaaaeaiea a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io eeai o?aiaiea n
yoie oeaeueth i?iaeoeoa, ecaioiaeaiiiai iaiin?aaenoaaiii niiniaii,
io?aiyaiui iaoaioii ia ecia?aoaiea. Iineieueeo niaea?aeaiea
ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaeia eniieueciaaiey caiaoaioiaaiiuo iauaeoia oaea
?anniao?eaaeinue i?e oa?aeoa?enoeea i?aa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey, iao
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aua ?ac ia yoii inoaiaaeeaaoueny. Iiae/a?eiai oieueei,
/oi a Caeiia iacaaiu eeoue iaeaieaa oeie/iua aeaeu ia?ooaiee i?aa
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey, eioi?uie ia en/a?iuaathony ana aiciiaeiua neo/ae
ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai aaaaeaiey a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io caiaoaioiaaiiuo
?ac?aaioie.

N oi/ee c?aiey i?eiyoiai ai iiiaeo no?aiao iiae?acaeaeaiey ia?ooaiee
iaoaioiuo i?aa ia i?yiua e einaaiiua ana ia?a/eneaiiua auoa ia?ooaiey
ioiinyony e /eneo i?yiuo ia?ooaiee. A ?inneeneii iaoaioiii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ie/aai ia aiai?eony i oii, ia?acoao ee einaaiiia
ia?ooaiea aoi?aeaiea a eneeth/eoaeueioth noa?o iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey,
iai?eia? iinoaaea eiiieaeoothueo ecaeaeee eee iaoa?eaeia,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey ecaioiaeaiey eee eniieueciaaiey caiaoaioiaaiiiai
iauaeoa. Iaeiaei enoiaey ec niunea caeiia, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi
ia?ooaieyie iaoaioiuo i?aa aeieaeiu i?eciaaaoueny ethaua aeaenoaey,
eiathuea i?yiie eee einaaiiie oeaeueth ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia aaaaeaiea a
oicyenoaaiiue iai?io io?aiyaiuo iauaeoia.

I?aaa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeae iiaoo auoue ia?ooaiu eae a ?aieao caeeth/aiiuo
eie eeoeaiceiiiuo aeiaiai?ia, oae e aia aeiaiai?ia. Ia?ooaiea
eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a iiaeao ninoiyoue a auoiaea eeoeaiceaoa ca
i?aaeaeu i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo aio ii aeiaiai?o i?aa eeai a iaauiieiaiee eee
iaiaaeeaaeauai auiieiaiee eaaeaueo ia iai iaycaiiinoae. Niiniau caueou,
eioi?uie ?aniieaaaao iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue (eeoeaicea?), iau/ii
ii?aaeaeythony naiei aeiaiai?ii eee auoaeatho ec iaueo iieiaeaiee
a?aaeaeaineiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Eae i?aaeei, eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai?
i?aaeoniao?eaaao aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey e ia?ooeoaeth oaeeo naieoeee,
eae acuneaiea iaonoieee e aiciauaiea oauoeia, a oaeaea aein?i/iia
?anoi?aeaiea aeiaiai?a a iaeiinoi?iiiai ii?yaeea. ?acia? e aeae
iaonoieee, a /anoiinoe aa niioiioaiea n oauoeaie onoaiaaeeaathony naieie
noi?iiaie. Anee iniauo naieoeee, i?eiaiyaiuo e aeiiaiie noi?iia,
eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai? ia i?aaeoniao?eaaao, iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue,
iie?aynue ia iauaa?aaeaeaineea i?aaeea, iiaeao o?aaiaaoue eeoue
aiciauaiey i?e/eiaiiuo aio oauoeia.

Aiaaeiaiai?iia ia?ooaiea iaoaioiuo i?aa eiaao ianoi i?e ethaii
ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiii eniieueciaaiee caiaoaioiaaiiie ?ac?aaioee o?aoueeie
eeoeaie, e?iia onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii neo/aaa naiaiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey
/oaeeo io?aiyaiuo iauaeoia. Iaycaiiinoue aeieacuaaiey oaeoa ia?ooaiey
iaoaioa aiceaaaaony ia iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey. ?aoathuaa cia/aiea i?e yoii
eiatho onoaiiaeaiea /aoeeo a?aieoe aeaenoaey iaoaioa e aeieacaoaeuenoai
oiai, /oi iie ia?ooaiu eiie?aoiui ioaao/eeii. Eae oaea iaiaeiie?aoii
oeacuaaeinue, iauai i?aa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey ii?aaeaeyaony oi?ioeie
ecia?aoaiey (iieaciie iiaeaee) eee niaieoiiinoueth nouanoaaiiuo
i?eciaeia i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea, ioia?aaeaiiuo ia oioia?aoeyo ecaeaeey
(iaeaoa, ?enoiea). Iaoaioiua i?aaa ia ecia?aoaiea (iieacioth iiaeaeue)
aoaeoo, a /anoiinoe, ia?ooaiiuie, anee a ecaioiaeaiiii i?iaeoeoa eee
i?eiaiaiiii niiniaa eniieueciaai eaaeaeue i?eciae ecia?aoaiey (iieaciie
iiaeaee), aeeth/aiiue a iacaaeneiue ioieo oi?ioeu, eee i?eciae,
yeaeaaeaioiue aio. Iaee/ea a iauaeoa oaoieee eee oaoiieiaee i?eciaeia,
niaea?aeaueony a caaeneiuo ioieoao oi?ioeu, aeey onoaiiaeaiey oaeoa
eniieueciaaiey ?ac?aaioee cia/aiey ia eiaao.

Ia?aaeei ia?ooeoaee iaoaioiuo i?aa, aeaeay caianee?iaaoue naie
i?ioeaii?aaiua aeaenoaey, aiinyo iaeioi?ua aiaoiea eciaiaiey a
caeinoaiaaiiua iauaeou, a /anoiinoe i?iecaiaeyo caiaio iaeieo i?eciaeia
ae?oaeie. Anee oaeay caiaia ia i?eaiineo a iauaeo oaoieee ie/aai
nouanoaaiii iiaiai, a /anoiinoe ia eciaiyao aeinoeaaaiiai ?acoeueoaoa,
yoi ia i?aiyonoaoao i?eciaieth iaoaioiuo i?aa ia?ooaiiuie. Aeey oyniaiey
aii?ina i oii, iiaoo ee caiaiaiiua i?eciaee n/eoaoueny yeaeaaeaioiuie,
ia?aaeei o?aaoaony aiaeec iienaiey eae enoi/ieea aeey oieeiaaiey oi?ioeu
ecia?aoaiey (iieaciie iiaeaee).

Anee oaeo ia?ooaiey iaoaioiuo i?aa aeieacai, iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue ai?aaa
i?eiaieoue e ia?ooeoaeth i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiii a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaua
naieoeee eee, /oi oi aea naiia, ainiieueciaaoueny oai eee eiui niiniaii
caueou naieo ia?ooaiiuo i?aa. Auai? eiie?aoiiai niiniaa caueou
inouanoaeyaony iioa?iaaoei, iaeiaei, eae i?aaeei, ii i?aaeii?aaeaeyaony
aeaeii e iineaaenoaeyie naiiai ia?ooaiey. I?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiii
a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaua niiniau caueou iaoaioiuo i?aa oaeaea
iaiaeii?iaeiu. A oai?ee a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa iie iiae?acaeaeythony ia
ia?u a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaie caueou e ia?u a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Anee aeey ?aaeecaoeee ia?auo aeinoaoi/ii eeoue naiiai
oaeoa ia?ooaiey iaoaioiuo i?aa, oi aeey eniieueciaaiey aoi?uo o?aaoaony
?yae oneiaee, a /anoiinoe iaee/ea i?ioeaii?aaiinoe, a?aaea, i?e/eiiie
nayce iaaeaeo aeaenoaeyie ia?ooeoaey e ianooieaoeie iineaaenoaeyie, a
oaeaea aeiu ia?ooeoaey.

Naiui ?ani?ino?aiaiiui niiniaii caueou iaoaioiuo i?aa yaeyaony
o?aaiaaiea iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey i i?ae?auaiee ia?ooaiey. A /anoiinoe,
?aoaieai noaea ia?ooeoaeth iiaeao auoue i?aaeienaii i?ae?aoeoue
iacaeiiiia ecaioiaeaiea caiaoaioiaaiiiai i?iaeoeoa eee i?iecaiaenoaa
i?iaeoeoa caiaoaioiaaiiui niiniaii. Oeacaiiua aeaenoaey i?eciathony
eiio?aoaeoiuie e yaeythony iaeaieaa a?oaui ia?ooaieai iaoaioiuo i?aa. Eo
niaa?oaiea aac naieoeee iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey ai anao neo/ayo, e?iia i?yii
oeacaiiuo a caeiia, ia?acoao ia?ooaiea iaoaioiuo i?aa, oioy au aeaaea
i?iecaaaeaiiue i?iaeoeo e ia iinooiee ia ?uiie. Ii o?aaiaaieth
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey aeieaeiu auoue iaiaaeeaiii i?ae?auaiu e ethaua
ae?oaea aeaenoaey, i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia
aoi?aeaiea a eneeth/eoaeueioth noa?o iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey, a /anoiinoe
?aeeaia e i?iaeaaea caiaoaioiaaiiuo ecaeaeee, eo aaic ia oa??eoi?eth
?innee e o. ae.

N oi/ee c?aiey th?eaee/aneie nouiinoe ?anniao?eaaaiay naieoeey yaeyaony
ia?ie a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaie caueou, a ia ia?ie ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Iiyoiio
iia a ?aaiie ia?a iiaeao auoue i?eiaiaia eae e aeiiaiui, oae e e
iaaeiiaiui ia?ooeoaeyi iaoaioiuo i?aa. Aeey aa ?aaeecaoeee aaaeai eeoue
nai oaeo ia?ooaiey iaoaioiie iiiiiieee. Iai?eia?, iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue
iiaeao o?aaiaaoue i?ae?auaiey i?eiaiaiey eee i?iaeaaee i?iaeoeoa,
caueuaiiiai iaoaioii, e io oiai eeoea, eioi?ue eniieueciaae aai, ia
ciay, /oi i?iaeoeo aue aaaaeai a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io n ia?ooaieai i?aa
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey. I?e yoii ethaia ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia eniieueciaaiea
caiaoaioiaaiiie ?ac?aaioee i?aaeiieaaaaony iacaeiiiui. Eeoei,
eniieuecothuaa ?ac?aaioeo e io?eoeathuaa ia?ooaiea iaoaioiuo i?aa,
aeieaeii aeieacaoue i?aaiia?iinoue naieo aeaenoaee. Iai?eia?, iii iiaeao
nnueaoueny ia oi, /oi caiaoaioiaaiiia n?aaenoai i?eiaiyeinue ei i?e
/?acau/aeiie neooaoeee eeai a ee/iuo oeaeyo aac iieo/aiey aeioiaea. I?e
iaaeieacaiiinoe yoeo e iiaeiaiuo ei ianoiyoaeuenoa eeoei i?eciaaony
ia?ooeoaeai e aeieaeii i?ae?aoeoue iacaeiiiia eniieueciaaiea
caiaoaioiaaiiie ?ac?aaioee.

Ae?oaei niiniaii caueou ia?ooaiiuo iaoaioiuo i?aa yaeyaony o?aaiaaiea i
aiciauaiee oauoeia. A niioaaonoaee n a?aaeaeaineei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
iiae oauoeaie ?acoiathony ?anoiaeu, i?iecaaaeaiiua eeoeii, i?aai
eioi?iai ia?ooaii, oo?aoa eee iia?aaeaeaiea aai eiouanoaa (?aaeueiue
oua?a), a oaeaea iaiieo/aiiua aeioiaeu, eioi?ua yoi eeoei iieo/eei au
i?e iau/iuo oneiaeyo iai?ioa, anee au aai i?aai ia auei ia?ooaii
(oiouaiiay auaiaea). Cae?aieaiiue caeiiii i?eioeei iieiiai aiciauaiey
a?aaea aeaenoaoao e a ioiioaiee ia?ooaiiuo i?aa iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey. A
?anniao?eaaaiie iaeanoe oauoee iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey /aua anaai
au?aaeathony a oi?ia oiouaiiie auaiaeu, /oi iiaeao auoue naycaii n
nie?auaieai iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee caiaoaioiaaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee, auioaeaeaiiui iiieaeaieai oeai e o. i. A caaea/o
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey aoiaeeo iainiiaaiea ?acia?a iaiieo/aiiuo aeioiaeia e
aeieacaoaeuenoai i?e/eiiie nayce oiouaiiie auaiaeu n aeaenoaeyie
ia?ooeoaey.

Iai?aiaiiui oneiaeai i?enoaeaeaiey ia?ooeoaey e aiciauaieth oauoeia
yaeyaony aai aeia. Oi?ia aeiu ia?ooeoaey aeey a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe cia/aiey ia eiaao e iiaeao au?aaeaoueny eae a aai oiunea
ia ia?ooaiea /oaeeo iaoaioiuo i?aa, oae e a iainoi?iaeiii ia?ooaiee
iaoaioa. I?e yoii aeia ia?ooeoaey i?acthie?oaony. Anee ii niiaeao
aeieacaoue naith iaaeiiaiinoue, aai iiaeii canoaaeoue eeoue i?ae?aoeoue
ia?ooaiea, ii n iaai iaeuecy acuneaoue eaeea-eeai oauoee.

Ia?yaeo n aiciauaieai eiouanoaaiiiai a?aaea iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue iiaeao
cayaeoue o?aaiaaiea i aiciauaiee aio ii?aeueiiai a?aaea. Iniiaaieai
oaeiai enea iiaoo auoue iaianaiea a?aaea eiiia?/aneie ?aiooaoeee
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey, ia?aaeeaaiey a nayce n noaeaaiui i?ioeannii e o. i.
Ii?aeueiue a?aae aiciauaaony a aeaiaaeiie eee eiie iaoa?eaeueiie oi?ia e
a ?acia?a, ii?aaeaeyaiii noaeii, iacaaeneii io iiaeeaaeauaai aiciauaieth
eiouanoaaiiiai a?aaea.

Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, Iaoaioiue caeii ?O, e niaeaeaieth, i?yii ia
i?aaeoniao?eaaao aiciiaeiinoe a?anoa, eiioeneaoeee, oie/oiaeaiey eee
ia?aaea/e iioa?iaaoaio eiio?aoaeoiuo oiaa?ia ii o?aaiaaieth
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey eee noaea. I?aaenoaaeyaony, iaeiaei, /oi oaea nae/an,
aei aianaiey niioaaonoaothueo eciaiaiee a Iaoaioiue caeii, aeaenoaothuaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ia eneeth/aao i?eiaiaiey iaeioi?uo ec yoeo ia? a
?aieao ?aaeecaoeee ae?oaeo i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a?aaeaeaineei e iaoaioiui
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii naieoeee. Oae, iai?eia?, a?ano eiio?aoaeoiuo oiaa?ia
iiaeao auoue i?iecaaaeai noaeii eae ia?a ii iaania/aieth aeieacaoaeuenoa
(no. 57 AIE ?NON?). ?aoaiea i ia?aaea/a iioa?iaaoaio eiio?aoaeoiuo
oiaa?ia iiaeao auoue i?eiyoi a nayce n i?enoaeaeaieai a aai iieueco
eiiiainaoeee ca i?e/eiaiiue a?aae e o. ae.

I?eiaiaiea a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo naieoeee ca ia?ooaiea iaoaioiuo i?aa
aiciiaeii a i?aaeaeao iauaai n?iea eneiaie aeaaiinoe, o.a. a oa/aiea
o?ao eao ni aeiy, eiaaea iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue ociae eee aeieaeai aue
ociaoue i ia?ooaiee naiaai i?aaa. Ene cayaeyaony a niioaaonoaee n iaueie
i?aaeeaie iiaenoaeiinoe ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa ioaao/eea eee ianoo
iaoiaeaeaiey i?aaia eee eiouanoaa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea (no. 117 AIE
?NON?).

Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui niiniaii caueou ioaao/eea yaeyaony ano?a/iue
ene i i?eciaiee iaoaioa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. E?iia oiai, ioaao/ee iiaeao
nnueaoueny ia eiathuaany o iaai i?aai i?aaeaeaiieueciaaiey eee naith
oi?aaiii/aiiinoue ia eniieueciaaiea caiaoaioiaaiiie ?ac?aaioee a neeo
onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii ia?aie/aiee ec noa?u iaoaioiie iiiiiieee.

Caeeth/aiea.

A?yae ee iiaeii ninoaaeoue iieiue ia?a/aiue i?iaeai, i?enouee
?acaeaathueiny no?aiai, e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, oaeie ia?iiiie no?aia,
eae iaoa. Ii no?aoaae/anee iooe eo ?aoaiey iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae
neaaeothuea:

– iieo/aiea ia auaiaeiuo oneiaeyo ca?oaaaeiuo oaoiieiaee e eiaanoeoeee;

– nicaeaiea iiauo e niaa?oainoaiaaiea o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
nianoaaiiuo oaoiieiaee;

– ?ac?aaioea iiauo e iaiiaeaiea noa?uo enoi/ieeia yia?aee a iaeanoe
yia?aaoeee, aiaae?aiea ?ac?aaioie, iai?aaeaiiuo ia yeiiiieth
yeaeo?iyia?aee;

– oeo/oaiea nouanoaothueo eio?ano?oeoo?, nicaeaiea iiauo i?iecaiaenoa a
noa?ao cae?aaiio?aiaiey, aeeeeuiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, nayce.

?aoaiea i?iaeai a ethaie iaeanoe aeayoaeueiinoe o?aaoao nicaeaiey iiauo
e eniieueciaaiey nouanoaothueo oaoiieiaee, iniiaie eioi?uo yaeythony
iauaeou eioaeeaeooaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe.

Iiuo ?acaeoey /aeiaa/anoaa iieacuaaao, /oi aeaaea no?aiu n ?acaeoie
?uii/iie iiaeaeueth yeiiiieee e naiaiaeiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa eaeoo
ia oieueei ii iooe iiaeaea?aeee /anoiuo eiaanoi?ia, ii e i?yiiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiaine?iaaiey eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?iaeoia, ?aaeecoaiuo
eae iaeeeie oe?iaie, oae e oieaa?neoaoaie. I?e yoii eiiiaaoeeiiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue aeaeea?e?oaony “eae iauaeoeaii aicieeathuee i?ioeann, a
eioi?ii aeaaiay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo ia aeaiueaai, a o?ainoi?iaoeee
ciaiee a i?eaiaeioth aeey i?iaeaaee oaoiieiaeth eee i?iaeoeoeeth”.
I/aaeaeii, /oi oaeia oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia oeiaine?iaaiea auei au ia noieue
yooaeoeaii aac niaa?oainoaiaaiey nenoaiu iiaeaea?aeee e io?aiu
eioaeeaeooaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, aac iaaeaaeiiai iaoaiecia ?aaeecaoeee
caeiiia, iniaaiii a /anoe, iicaieythuae i?aaiaeaaeaeueoeai ionoaeaaoue
naie i?aaa i?ioea ia?ooeoaeae, oai naiui ?aaeecoy eaaaeueioth
aiciiaeiinoue iiiiiieece?iaaoue naia aeaei a oa/aiea n?iea aeaenoaey
iauaeoa eioaeeaeooaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe.

Anoue aeaa iniiaiua acaeiinaycaiiua i?e/eiu, ii eioi?ui no?aiu
i?eieiatho caeiiu, iai?aaeaiiua ia io?aio eioaeeaeooaeueiie
nianoaaiiinoe. Iaeia ec ieo – iaiaoiaeeiinoue ioi?ieoue caeiiiui ia?acii
ii?aeueiua e yeiiiie/aneea i?aaa aaoi?ia i?iecaaaeaiee
eioaeeaeooaeueiiai oai?/anoaa, a ae?oaay – no?aieaiea noeioee?iaaoue a
?aieao nieaie?iaaiiie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie iieeoeee oai?/aneoth
aeoeaiinoue ethaeae e ?ani?ino?aiaiea e i?eiaiaiea aa ?acoeueoaoia, a
oaeaea iiiu?youe /anoioth oi?aiaeth. Ana yoi niinianoaoao yeiiiie/aneiio
e nioeeaeueiiio ?acaeoeth. Iai?eia?, i?aai ia iieo/aiea iaoaioa ia
ecia?aoaiea noeioee?oao aeiaeaiea aeaiaa e nin?aaeioi/aiea ethaeneeo
?ano?nia a iaeanoe enneaaeiaaiee e ?ac?aaioie; i?aaeinoaaeaiea iaoaioa
noeioee?oao aeiaeaiea n?aaenoa a i?iiuoeaiiia i?eiaiaiea ecia?aoaiey;
ioeoeeaeueiay ioaeeeaoeey iaoaioa ?anoe?yao anaie?iue oiiae
aeieoiaioaeueiuo enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee.

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.

A?aaeaeaineia i?aai : A 2 o. Oii 1. O/aaiee./ Iiae ?aae. A. A. Nooaiia.
I. Aae. 1998.

A?aaeaeaineia i?aai : *anoue 1. O/aaiee/ iiae ?aae. TH. E. Oienoiai,
A.I. Na?aaaaa. – I. OAEN, 1996.

Eiiiaioa?ee e A?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno ?O /anoe 1. / Naaeeeia I.I.,
Oeoiie?ia I.TH. I. TH?eioi?i/aio?. 1995.

Eiiiaioa?ee e A?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno ?O. *anoe 1. Iiae ?aae. I.I.
Naaeeeiaa. I. Eiio?aeo, Eio?a-i. 1998.

Ne?eiei A. Io?aia i?aa ecia?aoaoaeae e ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?ia. I., 1982.

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