Oaaea?aeueiia aaaionoai ii aunoaio ia?aciaaieth ?O OAEOO
EAOAAe?A EAIAeOAOOIIAI NO?IEOAEUeNOAA
?aoa?ao ii i?aaeiaoo «Eaiaeoaooiaaaeaiea»
Oaia:
«Aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoou. Eciaiaiiua eaiaeoaoou»
Aeaoa?eiao?a 2009 a.
Ieai.
1. I?e?iaeii-?ano?niue iioaioeeae eaiaeoaooia.
2. Aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoou.
2.1. Aicaeaenoaea iauanoaa ia eaiaeoaoou.
3. Eciaiaiiua eaiaeoaoou.
3.1. Aicaeaenoaea oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoou.
1. I?e?iaeii-?ano?niue iioaioeeae eaiaeoaooia.
Eaiaeoaoo niaeanii nia?aiaiiiio i?aaenoaaeaieth auiieiyao
n?aaeiia?acothuea, ?ano?niniaea?aeauea e ?ano?niaini?iecaiaeyuea
ooieoeee. I?e?iaeii-?ano?niue iioaioeeae eaiaeoaooa yaeyaony ia?ie
aiciiaeiiai auiieiaiey ei yoeo ooieoeee. Ii?aaeaeea i?e?iaeii-?ano?niue
iioaioeeae, iiaeii ioeaieoue niiniaiinoue eaiaeoaooa oaeiaeaoai?youe
iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa (naeueneioicyenoaaiiua, aiaeioicyenoaaiiua,
i?iiuoeaiiua e o.ae.). Aeey /aai auaeaeytho /anoiua i?e?iaeii-?ano?niua
iioaioeeaeu eaiaeoaooa: aeioe/aneee, aiaeiue, ieia?aeueii-?ano?niue,
no?ieoaeueiue, ?ae?aaoeeiiiue, i?e?iaeiio?aiiue, naiii/euaiey.
I?e?iaeii-?ano?niue iioaioeeae — yoi ia iaeneiaeueiue caian ?ano?nia, a
oieueei oio, eioi?ue eniieuecoaony aac ?ac?ooaiey no?oeoo?u eaiaeoaooa.
Ecuyoea ec aainenoaiu aauanoaa e yia?aee aiciiaeii noieueei, neieueei ia
i?eaaaeao e ia?ooaieth niiniaiinoe naii?aaoee?iaaiey e
naiiainnoaiiaeaiey.
Aeioe/aneee iioaioeeae oa?aeoa?ecoao niiniaiinoue eaiaeoaooa
i?iaeooee?iaaoue aeiianno. Ia?ie aeieiae/aneiai iioaioeeaea aainenoai
n/eoaaony aaee/eia aaeaaiaeiie aeieiae/aneie i?iaeoeoeee. Aeioe/aneee
iioaioeeae iiaeaea?aeeaaao ii/aiia?aciaaiea eee ainnoaiaaeeaaao
ieiaei?iaeea ii/au. I?aaeae aeieiae/aneiai iioaioeeaea ii?aaeaeyao
aeiionoeioth iaa?oceo ia aainenoaio. Aiaoaoaeuenoai /aeiaaea a
aeieiae/aneee e?oaiai?io aainenoai nieaeaao iioaioeeaeueiua
aeieiae/aneea ?ano?nu e ieiaei?iaeea ii/a.
Aiaeiue iioaioeeae au?aaeaaony a niiniaiinoe eaiaeoaooa eniieueciaaoue
iieo/aaioth aiaeo ia oieueei ?anoeoaeueiinoueth, ii e ia?aciauaaoue
ioiineoaeueii caieiooue e?oaiai?io aiaeu, i?eaiaeiue aeey ioaeae
/aeiaaea. Aiaeiue iioaioeeae e naienoaa eaiaeoaooa aeeytho ia
aeieiae/aneee e?oaiai?io, ii/aaiiia ieiaei?iaeea, ?ani?aaeaeaiea
ninoaaeythueo aiaeiiai aaeaina. A?aieoeu iaaeaeo aioo?eeaiaeoaooiuie
aainenoaiaie iaeiia?aiaiii yaeythony a?aieoeaie oa??eoi?ee n oa?aeoa?iui
aiaeiui aaeainii.
Ieia?aeueii-?ano?niui iioaioeeaeii eaiaeoaooa n/eoatho iaeiieaiiua a
oa/aiea aaieiae/aneeo ia?eiaeia ioaeaeueiua aauanoaa, no?ieoaeueiua
iaoa?eaeu, ieia?aeu, yia?aiiineoaee, eioi?ua eniieuecotho aeey ioaeae
iauanoaa. Oaeea ?ano?nu a oiaea aaieiae/aneeo oeeeeia iiaoo auoue
aiciaiiaeiuie (eana) e iaaiciaiiaeiuie (ianiecia?eiu n yoaiaie ?acaeoey
/aeiaa/aneiai iauanoaa e nei?inoueth eo ?anoiaea).
No?ieoaeueiue iioaioeeae i?aaeoniao?eaaao eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo
oneiaee eaiaeoaooa aeey ?aciauaiey no?iyuaainy iauaeoa e auiieiaiey ei
caaeaiiuo ooieoeee.
?ae?aaoeeiiiue iioaioeeae — niaieoiiinoue i?e?iaeiuo oneiaee eaiaeoaooa,
iieiaeeoaeueii aeeythueo ia /aeiaa/aneee i?aaieci. Auaeaeytho
?ae?aaoeeiiiua ?ano?nu e ?ae?aaoeeiiiua eaiaeoaoou. ?ae?aaoeeiiiua
?ano?nu eniieuecotho aeey ioaeuoa, ea/aiey, oo?ecia, a ?ae?aaoeeiiiua
eaiaeoaoou auiieiytho ?ae?aaoeeiiiua ooieoeee (caeaiua ciiu, eaniia?ee,
eo?i?ou, aeeaiieniua ianoa e o.ae.).
I?e?iaeiio?aiiue iioaioeeae iaania/eaaao naa?aaeaiea aeieiae/aneiai
?aciiia?acey, onoie/eainoue e ainnoaiiaeaiea aainenoai.
Iioaioeeae naiii/euaiey ii?aaeaeyao niiniaiinoue eaiaeoaooa ?aceaaaoue,
auiineoue caa?yciythuea aauanoaa e ono?aiyoue eo a?aaeiia aicaeaenoaea.
Eaiaeoaoo — iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiia ia?aciaaiea, o. a. i?eaiaeai aeey
auiieiaiey ?aciiai aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe, ii auai? eniieiyaiuo ooieoeee
aeieaeai niioaaonoaiaaoue aai i?e?iaeiui naienoaai, ?ano?niiio
iioaioeeaeo.
2. Aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoou.
Iiiaiia?acea /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe a eaiaeoaooao i?eaiaeeo e eo
eciaiaieth. Eciaiaiiua eaiaeoaoou, a naith i/a?aaeue, ieacuaatho
ia?aoiia aicaeaenoaea ia /aeiaaea e aai oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue.
Iineaaenoaey acaeiiaeaenoaee aeey iauanoaa iiaoo auoue iieiaeeoaeueiuie
eee io?eoeaoaeueiuie. I?iaaaey iauaeoeaiua ecia?aiey iieacaoaeae,
ioeaieaathueo ninoiyiea eaiaeoaooa, ii?aaeaeytho iai?aaeaiiinoue
iineaaenoaee e aeaeatho aiaeec. Io?eoeaoaeueiui iineaaenoaeyi
aicaeaenoaey /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoo oaeaeyaony iniiaiia aieiaiea.
Neiaeiue i?ioeann «aicaeaenoaey — iineaaenoaey» eiaao ia oi/a/iue eee
eeiaeiue oa?aeoa?, a yooaeo acaeiiaeaenoaey a iiiaieiiiiiaioiie nenoaia
eaiaeoaooa ?ani?ino?aiyaony ii neiaeiie, aaoayuaeny oeaie i?ioeannia.
Ethaay eiie?aoiay eieaeueiay eee ?aaeiiaeueiay aainenoaia
oa?aeoa?ecoaony aa?oeeaeueiuie e ai?eciioaeueiuie naycyie,
aeaenoaothueie a aaeeinoaa a?aiaie e i?ino?ainoaa. A ?acoeueoaoa eo
acaeiiaeaenoaey i?ienoiaeeo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aeaae, yia?aee e aauanoa
ec ai?eciioaeueiuo iioieia a aa?oeeaeueiua e ec aa?oeeaeueiuo a
ai?eciioaeueiua. *a?ac yoe iioiee e i?ienoiaeeo ?ani?ino?aiaiea
eciaiaiee. Aac aa?oeeaeueiuo naycae ?ani?ino?aiaiea iineaaenoaee io
aicaeaenoaee caiueaeinue au ia oao eiiiiiaioao, aaea aicieeei, a aac
ai?eciioaeueiuo auei au eieaeeciaaiiui a no?oeoo?iuo yeaiaioao
eaiaeoaooa.
2.1. Aicaeaenoaea iauanoaa ia eaiaeoaoou.
Aicaeaenoaea iauanoaa ia eaiaeoaoou iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia a?oiiu:
– ecuyoea ec eaiaeoaooa yia?aee eee aauanoaa;
– i?aia?aciaaiea eiiiiiaioia eaiaeoaooa eee aai i?ioeannia;
– iiaea/a a eaiaeoaoo yia?aee eee aauanoaa;
– i?eaianaiea oaoie/aneeo eee oaoiiaaiiuo iauaeoia a i?e?iaeo. A
?acoeueoaoa aicaeaenoaey iauanoaa ia eaiaeoaoo:
– oooaeoaaony ea/anoai eiiiiiaioia eaiaeoaooa;
– ia?ooathony eee eciaiythony iaaeeiiiiiaioiua nayce a aainenoaiao;
– oiaiueoathony i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu eaiaeoaooa;
– oooaeoathony yeieiae/aneea oneiaey;
– oooaeoathony oneiaey aaaeaiey oicyenoaa e ?aaiou oaoieee;
– oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai e oooaeoaaony ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee.
Oooaeoaiea eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia eaiaeoaooa a i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ec-ca aioo?eoicyenoaaiiuo e iaaeoicyenoaaiiuo naycae
i?eaaaeao e io?aneaaui io?eoeaoaeueiui iineaaenoaeyi e ia?aaeanony ia
iie?athueany ae?oaea io?anee, ia naycaiiua n ?ano?nii. Oaeei ia?acii,
aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoou /a?ac i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oeaiiua
?aaeoeee niiniaii aucaaoue eciaiaiey ai anai i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
eiiieaena.
Aaaeii oaeaea o/eouaaoue caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo neeie aicaeaenoaey,
noaiaiueth eciaiaiee e ?acia?aie iineaaenoaee. Aicaeaenoaea ia eaiaeoaoo
ioeaieaatho iieacaoaeai — iaa?oceie ia eaiaeoaoo. Aeiionoeiia
aicaeaenoaea, ia i?eaiaeyuaa e ia?ooaieth naienoa e ooieoeee eaiaeoaooa,
ii?aaeaeyaony iiiyoeai — ii?ia iaa?ocee, i?e i?aauoaiee eioi?ie
eaiaeoaoo ?ac?ooaaony, n/eoaaony e?eoe/aneie eee i?aaeaeueii
aeiionoeiie. Iainiiaaiea e ?ac?aaioea ii?i iaa?ocie ioiinyony e
ii?ie?iaaieth. Ii?ie?iaaiea iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue a?aieoeu aeiionoeiuo
iaa?ocie e ecia?eoue eo n iiiiuueth ii?iaoeaiuo iieacaoaeae. Cia/aiey
ii?iaoeaiuo iieacaoaeae ii?aaeaeythony nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeie
iio?aaiinoyie iauanoaa, niiniaiinoueth eaiaeoaooa naii?aaoee?iaaoueny,
naiii/euaoueny, naiiainnoaiaaeeaaoueny. ?ac?aaioaiiua ii?iaoeau
iai?aaeaiu ia nio?aiaiea ?ano?nia eaiaeoaooa e eo aini?iecaiaenoai e
aunooiatho iaeiei ec niiniaia oi?aaeaiey i?e?iaeiiieueciaaieai e
i?e?iaeiiaono?ienoaii.
?acoeueoao aicaeaenoaey oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea ia
eaiaeoaoo iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue:
– eciaiaieai aai no?iaiey, ninoiyiey, ooieoeeiie?iaaiey;
– eciaiaieai oaeouae aeeiaieee;
– ia?ooaieai oiaea i?e?iaeiuo oeeeeia e oaiaeaioeee anoanoaaiiiai
naii?acaeoey;
– ?acee/iie ?aaeoeeae ia oaoiiaaiiua iaa?ocee;
– eciaiaieai onoie/eainoe;
– eciaiaieai iaoaieciia onoie/eainoe;
– auiieiaieai iiauo ooieoeee;
– iaaeaaeiinoueth auiieiaiey iiauo ooieoeee e eioaa?aeueiui oi?aaeaieai
aainenoaiaie;
– iaaaoeaiuie iineaaenoaeyie a oiaea auiieiaiey iiauo ooieoeee;
– aiciiaeiuie iaaaoeaiuie iineaaenoaeyie ia ninaaeiea eaiaeoaoou;
– yeieiae/aneeie ia?aie/aieyie.
Eciaiaiey a eaiaeoaooao a eiia/iii eoiaa caaenyo io anoanoaaiiuo
oaeoi?ia, aio?iiiaaiii-oaoiiaaiiuo aicaeaenoaee e naienoa naiiai
eaiaeoaooa. Anoanoaaiiua oaeoi?u oa?aeoa?ecothony ciiaeueiuie oneiaeyie,
?eoie/iinoueth eo i?iyaeaiee (ia?eiaeii) e ?aciaoii eieaaaiee
(aiieeooaeie); n/eoatho, /oi aainenoaiu a oaeeo oneiaeyo iaoiaeyony a
onoie/eaii ninoiyiee.
E aio?iiiaaiii-oaoiiaaiiui oaeoi?ai ioiinyony: aicaeaenoaea eiaeaia?iuo
nii?oaeaiee, niaoeeoe/aneay oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa, aeae
eniieueciaaiey eaiaeoaooa. Anoanoaaiiua e aio?iiiaaiii-oaoiiaaiiua
oaeoi?u aeaenoaotho a nenoaia eaiaeoaooiuo naycae a oece/aneeo,
oeie/aneeo, aaieiae/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo, iaoaie/aneeo e ae?oaeo oi?iao.
Oaoiiaaiiua oaeoi?u a?eoie/iu e iiaoo aeinoeaaoue oaeie neeu
aicaeaenoaey, eioi?ay auciaao iaia?aoeiua eciaiaiey a eaiaeoaooa.
Oaoiiaaiiua aicaeaenoaey aeaeyo ia ianneaiua e aeoeaiua. Ianneaiuie
aicaeaenoaey n/eoatho, eiaaea oaoie/aneea nii?oaeaiey ia ieacuaatho ia
eaiaeoaoo aieueoiai aeeyiey, a iaiai aauanoaii e yia?aeae iaaeaeo ieie
ieieiaeai — «yooaeo i?enoonoaey». Ianneaiia aicaeaenoaea ia?aeaeao a
aeoeaiia a neo/aa ia?ooaiey ?aaiiaaney iaaeaeo oaoiiaaiiui oaeoi?ii e
eaiaeoaooii. Iai?eia?, iinea no?ieoaeuenoaa oaoiiaaiiiai nii?oaeaiey ia
neeiia iiaoo i?iyaeoueny niua eee iiiecie — «yooaeo oie/ea».
Aeoeaiia aicaeaenoaea au?aaeaaony a ecuyoee ec eaiaeoaooa eee
i?eaianaiee a iaai aauanoaa eee yia?aee. Iai?eia?, aeiaeaeaaaiea
eciaiyao aeaaeiinoue ii/au e oeo/oaao oneiaey ?inoa ?anoaiee, a yia?aey
iaaeathuae no?oe ae?iaeo e ia?aiauaao ii/ao, o. a. eiaao ianoi
iaeiia?aiaiiia iinooieaiea aauanoaa e yia?aee.
Oaoiiaaiiua aicaeaenoaey ia aainenoaiu ?acaeaeytho ia i/aaiaua e
ieiuaaeiua. I/aaiaia aicaeaenoaea naycaii n eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, eiathueo i/aaiaia ?ani?ino?aiaiea. Iai?eia?, ea?uea? a
ai?iiaeiauaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, eieaeueiua enoi/ieee aiae e ae?oaeo
?ano?nia. Ieiuaaeiua aicaeaenoaey ?ani?ino?aiaiu ia aieueoea oa??eoi?ee:
iaoie, ianoaeua, eaniua oaiaeuey e ae?.
I?e aicaeaenoaee /aeiaaea ia eaiaeoaoo iaeaieueoaio eciaiaieth
iiaeaa?aathony ii/aa, aeioa, aiaeiue e oaieiaie ?aaeeiu. Eo
o?ainoi?iaoeey aucuaaao ia?aoeiua eciaiaiey a aainenoaia. Iaia?aoeiua
eciaiaiey a eaiaeoaooa iineaaeotho iinea ia?ooaiey oaa?aeiai
ooiaeaiaioa, ?aeueaoa, eeeiaoa, oae eae yoe eiiiiiaiou — iniiaiua aoiaeu
a aainenoaio, /a?ac eioi?ua ecaia iinooiaao aauanoai e yia?aey.
I?aia?aciaaiea oaa?aeiai ooiaeaiaioa e iaci?aeueaoa oi?ie?oao niaa?oaiii
iiaua aainenoaiu — aio?iiiaaiiua, o. a. nicaeaiiua /aeiaaeii (ioaaeu,
ea?uea?u, ia?aae e ae?.) e ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia ii/ao, aeioo, aiaeiue e
oaieiaie ?aaeeiu. Aio?iiiaaiiua aainenoaiu eciaiythony ii caeiiai
i?e?iaeu, ii nei?inoue eo o?ainoi?iaoeee i?aainoiaeeo oaiiu eciaiaiee,
i?ienoiaeyueo a anoanoaaiiuo oneiaeyo, oae eae aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea
eciaieei oneiaey iinooieaiey eee ?anoiaea aauanoaa e yia?aee, /oi
iiaeeyei ia eioaineaiinoue i?e?iaeiuo i?ioeannia. Oaoie/aneea
nii?oaeaiey eioaineaii iaiaieaathony aauanoaii e yia?aeae n ie?oaeathuae
eo n?aaeie. Eaiaeaie naycae iaaeaeo eiiiiiaioaie aainenoaiu e
oaoie/aneei nii?oaeaieai yaeythony eiioaeoiua iiaa?oiinoe nii?oaeaiey n
aainenoaiie. Iaeaieaa aeoeaiua eciaiaiey a ciia aeeyiey oaoie/aneeo
nii?oaeaiee a aainenoaiao i?ienoiaeyo a ia?aua aiaeu (aiaeu ?aceeo
eciaiaiee enoiaeiuo ninoiyiee) eo yenieoaoaoeee. Caoai eaeao ia?eiae
eciaiaiee iaeaieaa eia?oiuo eiiiiiaioia aainenoai. Aeaeaa nei?inoue
eciaiaiee a aainenoaia caiaaeeyaony, o?ainoi?iaoeey i?iaeieaeaaony, ii
oaiiu aa iinoaiaiii i?eaeeaeathony e anoanoaaiiiio oiio.
A ?acoeueoaoa a aainenoaia onoaiaaeeaaaony iiaia onoie/eaia ninoiyiea.
A?aiaiiua eciaiaiey a no?oeoo?a aainenoai io aicaeaenoaey ?acee/iuo
oaoiinenoai e a ?aciuo i?e?iaeiuo oneiaeyo eco/aiu iaaeinoaoi/ii.
Caeanue aaaeii a?aiy ?aeaenaoeee, o. a. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ia?eiaea
iniiaiuo eciaiaiee i?e ia?ano?ieea aainenoaiu. Ieieiaeueiia a?aiy
ia?ano?ieee aainenoai aeeeony 10…15eao.
Iiieii a?aiaiiuo eciaiaiee a aainenoaia eciaiyaony aa i?ino?ainoaaiiay
no?oeoo?a, oae eae a i?eeaaathueo e oaoie/aneiio iauaeoo aainenoaiao
aeoeaece?othony ai?eciioaeueiua e aa?oeeaeueiua nayce.
Ciiu aeeyiey oaoie/aneie nenoaiu ii?aaeaeytho ii a?aaeai ?ani?ino?aiaiey
i?aia?aciaaiiiai eiiiiiaioa aainenoaiu, iai?eia? ciia aa?ioaoie/aneie
ia?aaioee ii/au eee ethaay ae?oaay, a eioi?ie iinea aicaeaenoaey
i?iecioee eciaiaiey i?e?iaeiuo oneiaee. Io/aoeeai yoe ciiu auaeaeythony
a ianoao ?aciauaiey aiaeio?aieeeu, inooeoaeueiuo nenoai, eaiaeia,
ia?a?aaaouaathueo i?aaei?eyoee e o.ae. A ciia i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey neeueii i?aia?acoaony aa?oeeaeueiay e ai?eciioaeueiay
no?oeoo?a aainenoai, ?ac?ooaaony e niuaaaony ii/aaiiue iie?ia,
aainenoaiu caa?yciythony, oaiaoaaony, iia?aaeaeaaony e oie/oiaeaaony
aeioa. Iiyoiio, i?e?iaeiua eaiaeoaoou i?e aicaeaenoaee /aeiaaea
eciaiythony nouanoaaiii eee ei?aiiui ia?acii.
3. Eciaiaiiua eaiaeoaoou.
Aicaeaenoaea ia ethaie eiiiiiaio eaiaeoaooa ii oeaii/ea aa?oeeaeueiuo
naycae ia?aaeanony ia ae?oaea eiiiiiaiou, a ii ai?eciioaeueiui naycyi —
ia ae?oaea aainenoaiu. Aicaeaenoaey i?yii eee einaaiii eciaiytho iiiaea
i?e?iaeiua i?ioeannu: oaieiaiai aaeaina, aeaaiiai?ioa, aeieiae/aneiai e
aaioeie/aneiai e?oaiai?ioa, ia?aiauaiey iaoa?eaea.
Oae, eciaiaiey eeoiaaiiie iniiau iiaoo auoue naycaiu n i?yiui eee
einaaiiui aicaeaenoaeai /aeiaaea: aeiau/a iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo, caieyiua
?aaiou. Ia?acothony ea?uea?u, auaiee, ioaaeu ionoie ii?iaeu, oa??eeiiu e
ae?oaea oaoiiaaiiua oi?iu ?aeueaoa, eioi?ua niinianoaotho iaaaeai,
inuiyi, iiieciyi, ?aciuaai, ?acaaeaaieth, i?inaaeaieyi, i?iaaeai.
Ia?aciaaaoeany oi?iu ?aeueaoa oi?ie?otho iiaua i?e?iaeiua eiiieaenu,
ia?aiauaiea ii?iae ia?ooaao anoanoaaiiue ?aaeei iiaa?oiinoiuo,
ii/aaiiuo, a?oioiauo aiae, aiciiaeii ia?aciaaiea iiaa?oiinoiuo
aiaeiaiia, caaiea/eaaiea oa??eoi?ee. Naaaeaiea o?aaeeoeeiiiiai
?anoeoaeueiiai iie?iaa, ?aniaoea caiaeue, auian neioa i?eaiaeyo e y?icee
e niuao caiaeue, ia?acothony aoi?e/iua oi?iu ?aeueaoa (ia?aae, aaeee,
i?iiieiu e o. ae.). Aaeaaiaeii y?icey e aeaoeyoeey auiinyo ec
eaiaeoaooia nooe ieeeea?aeu oiii aoioniauo /anoeoe. Yoe i?ioeannu, eae
i?aaeei, iaia?aoeiu.
Eciaiaiey oneiaee iiaa?oiinoiiai, aioo?eii/aaiiiai, a?oioiaiai noiea
ieacuaatho aeeyiea ia aeaaiiai?io eaiaeoaooa. Aicaeaenoaoy ia oece/aneea
oaeoi?u ?aaeeiia noiea ?ae, eneonnoaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea noiea e ?one ?ae
ca iiiaieaoiee ia?eiae eciaiyao aiaeiue aaeain aiaeinai?a.
I?aia?aciaaiea ninoaaeythueo aiaeiiai aaeaina ia aiaeinai?a eciaiyao
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea anao nii?yaeaiiuo n iei aainenoai. Inooaiea, i?ioaiea,
aa?ioaoie/aneea ia?ii?eyoey, cano?ieea oa??eoi?ee, eneonnoaaiiia
iie?uoea, eciaiaiea eioeeueo?aoeeiiiie e oeeueo?aoeeiiiie niiniaiinoe
ii/a, oneiaee iiaa?oiinoiiai noiea, caiania aeaae e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia
eciaiytho aiaeiue aaeain e aeaaiiai?io eaiaeoaooa.
Caiauaiea anoanoaaiiuo aeioeaiicia eneonnoaaiiuie nieaeaao iauoth
aeieiae/aneoth i?iaeoeoeaiinoue, iaaaeiyao ii/au, nieaeaao
eioaineaiinoue aeieiae/aneiai e?oaiai?ioa aauanoa. A ooiae?a, eanao,
noaiyo, ionouia naaaeaiea ?anoeoaeueiiai iie?iaa nii?iaiaeaeaaony
?ac?ooaieai ii/aaiiie no?oeoo?u, eciaiaieai oneiaee ii/aiia?aciaaiey,
enoiuaieai, niuaii e ?acaaeaaieai ii/a. Eoeueoo?iua ?anoaiey aaeaaiaeii
auiinyo ec ii/au nioie ieeeeiiia oiii acioa, oinoi?a, eaeey, eaeueoeey,
cieueiuo yeaiaioia. Oae, ca n/ao iieo/aiey o?iaeay ii/au ni n?aaeiei
niaea?aeaieai ieia?aeueiuo aauanoa iiaoo auoue iieiinoueth enoiuaiu ca
15…50 eao. N iieae n y?iaee?iaaiiuie ii/aaie acioa, oinoi?a e eaeey
niuaaaony a 100 ?ac aieueoa, /ai aiineony n oaeia?aieyie. Aianaiea
oaeia?aiee ia ainiieiyao anao iioa?ue, oae eae aei 40…50 %
ieoaoaeueiuo aauanoa, aiineiuo a ii/ao, auiineony n iieae e aiaeaeaaony
a iaeiio?iee?oaioth iea?aoeeth. Ianoeoeeaeu /a?ac ieoaoaeueiua oeaie,
iaeaieeaaynue a oeaiyo i?aaieciia, ?ani?ino?aiythony io iecoeo caaiueaa
oeaie e aunoei.
A i?ioeanna oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea a aaioeie/aneee
e?oaiai?io aiaeaeaaony iiiai niaaeeiaiee, naiinoiyoaeueii ia
nouanoaothueo a i?e?iaea. Aieueoay /anoue eo — yoi iooiaeu
i?iecaiaenoaa, eniieueciaaiiua ecaeaeey, ?acoeueoao oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe: oaeia?aiey, aa?aeoeeaeu, ianoeoeeaeu, ioa?inu e ae?. A
aoiinoa?o iiiaaeatho aacu (oaeaeeneue aac, ieenue oaea?iaea) io
naeeaaiey ia i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo oiieeaa, io aeaeaaoaeae
aioo?aiiaai nai?aiey (ieneaeu oaea?iaea, na?ienoue aiaeae?eae) i?e
naeeaaiee iaooe e oaey (ieeneu acioa, oaeaaiaei?iaeu). Oaa?aeua
i?iaeoeou nai?aiey oiieeaa (eiiioue, naaea), iueue, ?aaeeiaeoeaiua
aua?inu ?ani?ino?aiythony ia ouny/e eeeiiao?ia, iiiaaeatho a ii/ao,
iiaa?oiinoiua e a?oioiaua aiaeu, a ieoaoaeueiua oeaie. Ni noi/iuie
aiaeaie ?ani?ino?aiythony eeneiou, oaiieu, iaooai?iaeoeou, oicyenoaaiiua
e auoiaua aua?inu. Eo enoi/ieeaie yaeythony i?iiuoeaiiua e auoiaua
naaeee iooiaeia (n oiene/iuie aauanoaaie), aeeaioiiaiae/aneea oa?iu,
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua iiey, caa?yciaiiua oaeia?aieyie e yaeioeieeaoaie.
Caa?yciaiey ?ani?ino?aiythony n oaeuie aiaeaie e aeeaeeeie inaaeeaie,
iiiaaeay a eaiaeu, ?aee, ica?a e ii?y; iaia?aoeii caa?yciytho Ie?iaie
ieaai. Iaeiieaiea eee oaeaeaiea yeaiaioia, o/anoaothueo a aaioeie/aneii
e?oaiai?ioa a aainenoaiao, caaeneo io eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaee eaiaeoaooa.
?anoeoaeueiinoue a aaioeie/aneii e?oaiai?ioa iiaeao ea?aoue ?ieue aooa?a
eee caoaaouaathuaai eiioeaio?aoi?a.
3.1. Aicaeaenoaea ia eaiaeoaoo oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
Oicyenoaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea i?eaiaeeo e iai?aaeiaia?aiiiio
eciaiaieth oaieiaiai aaeaina. Nthaea ioiinyony: iinooieaiea oaiea a
aoiinoa?o i?e naeeaaiee oiieeaa, ia?ieeiaue yooaeo i?e oaaee/aiee
eiioeaio?aoeee oaeaeeneiai aaca a aoiinoa?a, iiauoaiea niaea?aeaiey
ay?icieae a aoiinoa?a, eciaiaiea io?aaeaoaeueiuo oa?aeoa?enoee
aeayoaeueiie iiaa?oiinoe e o. i. Ia?a/eneaiiua iai?aaeiaia?aiiua
aicaeaenoaey aucuaatho iaa?aa aoiinoa?u e oai naiui i?eaiaeyo e
iaia?aoeiui eciaiaieyi a i?e?iaea.
Eciaiaiiua aainenoaiu n iiceoeee i?e?iaeiiieueciaaiey iiaeii
eeanneoeoee?iaaoue:
– ia i?aaeiaia?aiii eee iai?aaeiaia?aiii eciaiaiiua;
– naeueneioicyenoaaiiua, eanioicyenoaaiiua, i?iiuoeaiiua, ai?iaeneea,
?ae?aaoeeiiiua, caiiaaaeiua, n?aaeicaueoiua a caaeneiinoe io auiieiyaiuo
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo ooieoeee;
– neaaieciaiaiiua, eciaiaiiua, neeueiieciaiaiiua ii n?aaiaieth n
enoiaeiui ninoiyieai;
– eoeueoo?iua, aeoeueoo?iua ii iineaaenoaeyi eciaiaiey;
– nenoaiu n i?aiaeaaeaieai i?ioeanna naii?aaoeyoeee e n i?aiaeaaeaieai
oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ni noi?iiu /aeiaaea a caaeneiinoe io
niioiioaiey i?ioeannia naii?aaoeyoeee aainenoai e oi?aaeaiey.
Ii noaiaie eciaiaiey eaiaeoaoou iiae?acaeaeytho:
– ia oneiaii iaeciaiaiiua, eioi?ua ia iiaeaa?aaee iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio
oicyenoaaiiiio eniieueciaaieth e aicaeaenoaeth. A yoeo eaiaeoaooao
iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue eeoue neaaua neaaeu einaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey,
iai?eia? inaaeaeaiea oaoiiaaiiuo aua?inia ec aoiinoa?u a iao?iiooie
oaeaa, a aunieiai?ueyo, a A?eoeea, Aioa?eoeea;
– neaaieciaiaiiua, iiaeaa?aathueany i?aeiouanoaaiii yenoaineaiiio
oicyenoaaiiiio aicaeaenoaeth (ioioa, ?uaiay eiaey, auai?i/iay ?oaea
eana), eioi?ia /anoe/ii cao?iioei ioaeaeueiua «aoi?e/iua» eiiiiiaiou
eaiaeoaooa (?anoeoaeueiue iie?ia, oaoia), ii iniiaiua i?e?iaeiua nayce
i?e yoii ia ia?ooaiu e eciaiaiey iinyo ia?aoeiue oa?aeoa?. E oaeei
eaiaeoaooai ioiinyo: ooiae?iaua, oaaaeiua, ionouiiua, yeaaoi?eaeueiua;
n?aaeiaeciaiaiiua eaiaeoaoou, a eioi?uo iaia?aoeiay o?ainoi?iaoeey
cao?iioea iaeioi?ua eiiiiiaiou, iniaaiii ?anoeoaeueiue e ii/aaiiue
iie?ia (naiaeea eana, oe?ieiianooaaiay ?aniaoea), a ?acoeueoaoa /aai
eciaiyaony no?oeoo?a aiaeiiai e /anoe/ii oaieiaiai aaeaina;
– neeueiieciaiaiiua (ia?ooaiiua) eaiaeoaoou, eioi?ua iiaeaa?aeenue
eioaineaiiio aicaeaenoaeth, cao?iioaoaio ii/oe ana eiiiiiaiou
(?anoeoaeueiinoue, ii/au, aiaeu e aeaaea oaa?aeua iannu oaa?aeie caiiie
ei?u), /oi i?eaaei e nouanoaaiiiio ia?ooaieth no?oeoo?u, /anoi
iaia?aoeiiio e iaaeaaii?eyoiiio n oi/ee c?aiey eioa?ania iauanoaa. Yoi
aeaaiui ia?acii thaeii-oaaaeiua, eaninoaiiua, noaiiua, nooinoaiiua
eaiaeoaoou, a eioi?uo iaaethaeathony iaaceaneaaiea, y?icey, canieaiea,
iiaeoiieaiea, caa?yciaiea aoiinoa?u, aiae e ii/a; oe?ieiianooaaiay
iaeei?aoeey (i?ioaiea, inooaiea) oaeaea neeueii eciaiyao eaiaeoaoou;
– eoeueoo?iua eaiaeoaoou, a eioi?uo no?oeoo?a ?aoeeiiaeueii eciaiaia e
iioeiece?iaaia ia iao/iie iniiaa, n o/aoii auoaeceiaeaiiuo i?eioeeiia, a
eioa?anao iauanoaa e i?e?iaeu — eaiaeoaoou aoaeouaai.
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. Eieooiia I. E. «Yeieiai-eaiaeoaooiay i?aaiecaoeey oa??eoi?ee». – I.:
EE «?iaeiee», 1990 a.
2. Ia?oeeieaae/ A. E., Eeeoeoiiaa I. E.. «Iniiau eaiaeoaooiaaaeaiey». –
Ieine: Aunoay oeiea. 1986 a.
3. Nieioeaa I. I. « O/aiea i eaiaeoaooa. Eca?aiiua o?oaeu». – I: IAO,
2001 a.
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