NOA – iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea
Niaaeeiaiiua ooaou Aia?eee a nie?auaiea NOA – ainoaea?noai,
?aniieiaeaiiia a naaa?iie Aia?eea. Oa??eoi?ey ooaoia ninoieo ec 3
/anoae. Ia?aay – yoi iniiaiay eiioeiaioaeueiay /anoue, ieiuaaeueth 7,83
iei. ei; Aeynea aianoa n ino?iaaie ninoaaeyao ieiuaaeue 1,53 iei. ei. E
Aaaaee – 24 ino?iaa iauae ieiuaaeueth 16,7 oun. ei.
Eiioeiaioaeueiay /anoue eiaao a?aieoeo n Eaiaaeie e Iaeneeie, Aeynea n
?inneae. NOA oaeaea eiaao ianeieueei aeaaeaiee: Ioy?oi-?eei e Ae?aeineea
ino?iaa a Ea?eaneii ii?a, ainoi/iia Naiia, Aoai, Ieaeoye, Oyee e ae.?. a
oeoii ieaaia. Anaai Niaaeeiaiiua ooaou caieiatho oa??eoi?eth a 9,4 iei.
ei. (/aoaa?oia ianoi a ie?a).
*eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey 300 iei. /ae ii iiaen/aoai ia 2006 aiae. A yoi 3
ianoi ii /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey. A iniiaiii yoi ia?anaeaioeu – auoiaeoeu
ec Aa?iiu; ieiei 5% aeeoaeae – eeoea eniaii-aia?eeaineiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey, iaeneeaioeu e ioy?oi?eeaioeu; 12% – ao?iaia?eeaioeu;
/eneaiiinoue eiaeaeoeaa ia i?aauoaao 1,5 iei. E?oiiaeoae ieaiaiiie
a?oiiie eiaeaeoeaa yaeythony /a?iee (19%), ca ieie neaaeotho iaaaoe
(12%) e neo (5,5%). Eiaeaeoeu ia Ainoiea no?aiu, aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy
aeeaoea n?aaee aaeiai ianaeaiey, a aieueoae noaiaie iiaeaa?aeenue
anneieeyoeee e eaa/a eioaa?e?iaaeenue a aia?eeaineia iauanoai. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aaeoaeuenoai aaaei ?yae eueaio aeey aeeoaeae
eiaeaeneeo ?aca?aaoeee, e ana aea eiaeaeoeu e ae?oaea ei?aiiua ia?iaeu
i?eiaaeeaaeao e aaaeiaeoei neiyi ianaeaiey. Iniiaiie e iaeaieaa cia/eiie
a?oiiie yaeythony «yiee» — iioiiee ia?auo iinaeaioeaa-io?eoai. Ec ?aeiia
Iiaie Aiaeee iie ?annaeeeenue a caiaaeiii iai?aaeaiee /a?ac Iueth-Ei?e,
naaa?iua ?aeiiu Iaaei, Eiaeeaio, Eeeeiien aei Aeiau e Eaicana. Iioiiee
aaeuo iinaeaioeaa ia THaa, a auaoeo ?aaiaeaaeaeue/aneeo ooaoao iacuaatho
«aeeene». Iie ?annaeeeenue ia Caiaae io Oaiianne e Eaiooeee e A?eaicano,
Ienno?e, Ieeaoiia e Oaoano. N?aaee aeaoo aeaaiuo iauei, nio?aieeenue e
iaiaa e?oiiua, ii ia iaiaa aeeyoaeueiua yoie/aneea a?oiiu, ianiio?y ia
aeaeea?e?oaiia no?aieaiea noaoue «ieaaeeueiui eioeii» aeey anao iaoeee.
A ooaoa Iaineeueaaiey a oa/aiea o?ao aaeia i?iaeeaaao aieueoay iaiaoeeay
eieiiey. E?aieu, iioiiee o?aioeocneeo iinaeaioeaa a Eoeceaia, ii/oe
iieiinoueth anneieee?iaaeenue, inoaaea iinea naay aiaaoia eoeueoo?iia
ianeaaeea. E?eaiaeoeu ia/aee aeoeaii yiea?e?iaaoue iinea aieiaea a
E?eaiaeee a 1840-o aa. A eiioea 19 — ia/aea 20 a. ?acei au?inea
yiea?aoeey ec Eoaeee (i?iaeieaeaeanue aei 1950-o aa.), Iieueoe, ?innee e
ae?oaeo no?ai Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu. A yoi aea a?aiy ia/aeanue iiuiay
aa?aeneay yiea?aoeey (ieiei 2% ianaeaiey, aoi?ay ii /eneaiiinoe
aa?aeneay iaueia a ie?a iinea Ec?aeey).
Ao?iaia?eeaioeu — iioiiee ?aaia, eioi?uo ia/aee caaiceoue ec Ao?eee aua
ia?aua iinaeaioeu aeey ?aaio ia ieaioaoeeyo oaaaea a Ae?aeaeeiee, a
iicaeiaa — oeiiea ia THaa. Aeaaea iinea A?aaeaeaineie aieiu eo
iieiaeaiea inoaaaeinue oyaeaeui, aei 1960-o aa. a iaeioi?uo ooaoao
nouanoaiaaea ?aniaay naa?aaaoeey. A ia/aea 1960-o aiaeia a no?aia i?ioea
ianniaay eiiiaiey «Aeaeaeaiey ca i?aaa /aeiaaea», eeaea?ii eioi?iai aue
I. E. Eeia. N oao ii? iieiaeaiea /a?iiai ianaeaiey ca iineaaeiea 40 eao
cia/eoaeueii oeo/oeeinue.
Naiie auno?i ?anoouae a?oiiie ianaeaiey yaeythony eaoeiiaia?eeaioeu
(eniaiiaiai?yuea). Iie ninoaaeytho 7% io anaai ianaeaiey NOA.
Aieueoeinoai ec ieo auoiaeoeu ec Iaeneee. Iaiueooth /anoue
eniaiiaia?eeaioeaa ninoaaeytho a?aaeaeaia NOA, /uee i?aaeee aeeee ia
oa??eoi?ee Oaoana, A?eciiu, Iueth-Iaeneei e Eaeeoi?iee aei aoiaeaeaiey
yoeo iaeanoae a ninoaa Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia. Ioy?oi?eeaioeu yaeythony
iieiii?aaiuie a?aaeaeaiaie NOA. Ioaeaeueiie a?oiiie yaeyaony eoaeineay
iaueia. Iia ninoieo ec aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia e
i?aaenoaaeoaeae n?aaeiaai eeanna, iieeioaoeo Eoao ca aiaeu i?aaeaiey O.
Eano?i. N 1960 oneeeeny iioie iea?aioia ec no?ai Oeaio?aeueiie e THaeiie
Aia?eee, i?e yoii aeeoaeae Aaeoe, ssiaeee e Aa?aaaeina nei?aa iiaeii
auei au ioianoe e ao?iaia?eeaioeai, ii iie ioee/athony ycueii e
eoeueoo?ie.
Aia?eeaioeu aceaoneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey ia/aee naeeoueny a NOA n
na?aaeeiu 19 aaea a iniiaiii ia Caiaaea ai a?aiy «cieioie eeoi?aaeee».
Aeaaiui ia?acii yoi auee eeoaeoeu e yiiioeu. A 1924 aue i?eiyo caeii,
cai?auathuee auacae a no?aio eiiea?aioai ec ssiiiee. A eiioea 1960-o—
ia/aea 1970-o aa. a no?aia aicieeea aueaoiaineay iaueia, ninoiyuay ec
iieeoe/aneeo aaaeaioeaa. Caoai iiyaeeenue aaaeaioeu e ec ae?oaeo no?ai
THai-Ainoi/iie Acee.
Ioeoeeaeueiue ycue – aiaeeeneee, ii oaeaea oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea
iieo/eee eniaineee e o?aioeocneee. Aa?othuea – aeaaiui ia?acii
i?ioanoaiou (yoi 56%) e eaoieeee (25%), ii a no?aia ninouanoaotho ana
?aeeaee ie?a.
Noieeoea ooaoia Aaoeiaoii. E?oiiua ai?iaea: Iueth-Ei?e, Ein-Aiaeaeaean,
*eeaai, Ouethnoii, Oeeaaeaeueoey, Oaieen, Neyoe, Nai-Aeeaai, Aeaeean,
Nai-Aioiiei, Aeao?ieo, Nai-Oina, Nai-O?aioeenei, Ainoii.
NOA aeaeeony ia 50 ooaoia e iaeei oaaea?aeueiue ie?oa (aeeno?eeo)
Eieoiaey. Ii ainoaea?noaaiiiio ono?ith NOA – oaaea?aoeaiay ?anioaeeea.
Aeaenoaoao eiinoeoooeey 1787 aiaea n iii?aaeaie Iniiaie iieeoe/aneie
nenoaiu NOA yaeyaony nenoaia «naea?aeae e i?ioeaiaania». A auai?ao
o/anoaotho aeaa iieeoe/aneea ia?oee — Aeaiie?aoe/aneay e
?anioaeeeaineay. Neiaeeaoayny aieaa /ai ca 150 eao aeaooia?oeeiay
nenoaia ia inoaaeyao oainia eaiaeeaeaoai io ae?oaeo ia?oee e
iacaaeneiui. Aeaaie ainoaea?noaa e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe yaeyaony
i?aceaeaio. I?aceaeaio e aeoea-i?aceaeaio ecae?athony anaiauei
aeaoonooiai/aoui aieiniaaieai. A niioaaonoaee n nenoaiie a eaaeaeii
ooaoa nouanoaotho oae iacuaaaiua auai?ueee, /enei eioi?uo
i?iii?oeeiiaeueii ianaeaieth eaaeaeiai aeaiiiai ooaoa e ?aaii /eneo
naiaoi?ia e /eaiia iaeaou i?aaenoaaeoaeae io yoiai ooaoa. A oiaea
iiaen/aoa aieinia ecae?aoaeae eaaeaeue ooao ii?aaeaeyao iiaaaeeoaey, oi
anoue eaiaeeaeaoa io oie eee eiie ia?oee, iaa?aaoaai aieueoaa eiee/anoai
aieinia ecae?aoaeae. A niioaaonoaee n nouanoaothuae nenoaiie
iiaaaeeoaeue iieo/aao aieina anao auai?ueeia yoiai ooaoa. Ia aoi?ii
yoaia ecae?aoaeueiie eaiiaiee i?aceaeaio ecae?aaony oaea aieinaie
auai?ueeia. Iaee/ea iiaeiaiie nenoaiu i?e anao ecaea?aeeao iaania/eaaao
?aaeueiia ?aaiii?aaea ?acee/iuo ii naiae aaee/eia e cia/eiinoe ooaoia.
I?aceaeaioneea auai?u i?iaiaeyony a aenieiniue aiae iaeiia?aiaiii n
auai?aie a eiia?ann. I?aceaeaio ecae?aaony ia n?ie a 4 aiaea e ia iiaeao
caieiaoue naith aeieaeiinoue aieaa 8 eao.
I?aceaeaio, yaeythueeny Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuei aii?oaeaiiuie neeaie no?aiu,
iacia/aao eaaeiao ieieno?ia. Yoi /eaiu oie aea ia?oee, /oi e i?aceaeaio,
oioy ecaanoiu e eneeth/aiey.
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeeo Eiia?anno. Ii ninoieo ec aeaoo
iaeao: Naiaoa e Iaeaou i?aaenoaaeoaeae. A ninoaa naiaoa aoiaeyo 100
/eaiia, ii 2 naiaoi?a io eaaeaeiai ooaoa. Eo ecae?atho i?yiui ?aaiui
aieiniaaieai n?ieii ia 6 eao. Eaaeaeua 2 aiaea naiao iaiiaeyaony ia
o?aoue. Iaeaoa i?aaenoaaeoaeae (435 eiia?anniaiia) ecae?aaony i?yiui
?aaiui aieiniaaieai ii iaaei?eoa?iie nenoaia i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa n?ieii
ia 2 aiaea. Naiao iiaeao eieoeee?iaaoue ethaua caeiiii?iaeou, ca
eneeth/aieai oeiainiauo. Iineaaeiea iaoiaeyony a eiiiaoaioeee iaeaou
i?aaenoaaeoaeae eiia?anna.
?anoeoaeueiue ie? Aeynee – ooiae?iaua eonoa?ie/ee e oaieiua
?aaeeieanuey. Ia naaa?i-ainoiea e aaeece aaeeeeo ica? ?aniieiaeaiu
oaieii-oe?ieieenoaaiiua eana ec niniu, aee, ieoou, eeaia, eeiu e ynaiy.
Ia thaa, a Aiiaea/ao, ?ani?ino?aiaiu oe?ieieenoaaiiua eana (aeoa, eeai,
otheueiaiiaia aea?aai, ieaoai). Aeaeaa e thao ano?a/athony iaaiieey e
eaa?. Ia aioo?aiiai ieaoi Ei?aeeeuea? ?aniieiaeaiu iieoionouie, oaieiua
eana, noaaeueieeneea e aeueieeneea eoaa. A ionouiyo e iieoionouiyo
?anooo iieuiue, eaaaaea, eonoa?ieee e iieoeonoa?ieee.
NOA eiaao ianoi?iaeaeaiey oaey, iaooe, i?e?iaeiiai aaca, ?oae /a?iuo e
oeaaoiuo iaoaeeia, o?aia, ai?iioeie/aneiai nu?uey. Eeeiao aieueoae
/anoueth oia?aiiue e noao?iie/aneee eiioeiaioaeueiue. N?aaeiea
oaiia?aoo?u yiaa?y io -25 °N ia Aeynea aei 20 °N ia i-iaa Oei?eaea,
ethey 14-22 °N ia caiaaeiii iiaa?aaeuea, 16-26 °N — ia ainoi/iii.
Inaaeeia io 100 ii ia aioo?aiieo ieineiai?ueyo e ieaoi aei 4000 ii a
aiae a i?eii?neie iieina.
Ii iauaio AAI NOA caieiatho ia?aia ianoi a ie?a (8 708 870 iei
aeieea?ia, 2003). Ii AII ia aeooo ianaeaiey iaoiaeyony ia ia?aii/aoi?ii
ianoa a ie?a (41 400 aeieea?ia, 2005). No?aia ?aniieiaeaia ai anao
eeeiaoe/aneeo iiynao, /oi aeaaii?eyonoaoao naeueneiio oicyenoao e
oo?ecio, ?aniieaaaao aieaa /ai noa aeaeaie iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo. Ec
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia iaeaieueooth aeieth a iauaia i?iaeoeoeee
aeiauaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee ninoaaeytho
yia?ai?ano?nu (90%): iaooue, oaieue, i?e?iaeiue aac, o?ai. Ieiei 75%
aeiau/e iaoaeeia i?eoiaeeony ia aeaeacioth ?oaeo e iaaeue. Aianoa n oai
aei 50% iio?aaiinoae iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieee a ieia?aeueiii nu?uea
iaania/eaaaony ca n/ao eiii?oa. A /anoiinoe, NOA ia ?aniieaaaao caianaie
oaeeo no?aoaae/aneeo iaoaeeia eae o?ii, ia?aaiaoe, aieueo?ai, eiaaeueo.
Iaeaaeay iyoueth i?ioeaioaie ie?iaiai ianaeaiey, no?aia aeiauaaao iyooth
/anoue ie?iaiai i?iecaiaenoaa iaaee, oaey e iaooe. I?e yoii NOA
aunooiatho eae e?oiiaeoee iieoiaoaeue iaooe ia ie?iaii ?uiea.
I?e yoii a iauai iauaia yeiiiieee naeueneia oicyenoai ninoaaeyao 1,4%,
i?iiuoeaiiay i?iaeoeoeey 26,2% e noa?a oneoa 72,5%. Oaeay no?oeoo?a
yeiiiieee oieeaeueia. Aieueoay /ai o NOA, aeiey noa?u oneoa a no?oeoo?a
i?iecaiaenoaa AAI iaaethaeaaony oieueei o Ieaea?eaiaeia (78%), Ec?aeea
(81%) e a i?ioeii a Aiieiiaa. Ii ana yoi iaaieueoea no?aiu e eo
niaoeeaeecaoeey iaoneiaeaia ?acia?aie, iniaaiiinoyie aaiiieeoe/aneiai
iieiaeaiey.
Naeueneia oicyenoai ioee/aaony aunieie noaiaiueth eioaineoeeaoeee. A iai
caiyoi 22,8 iei /aeiaae, /oi ninoaaeyao 18% ?aaioathueo. Iniiaiay
no?oeoo?iay aaeeieoea — /anoiay oa?ia. Oa?iie n/eoaaony i?aaei?eyoea,
?aaeecothuaa a aiae i?iaeoeoeee ia iaiaa, /ai ia 1000 aeieea?ia.
Iaaieueoea e n?aaeiea oa?iu iinoaiaiii onooiatho ianoi e?oiiui aa?a?iui
i?aaei?eyoeyi. Anaai 2% aia?eeaineeo oa?i eiatho aeioiaeu nauoa 0,5 iei
aeieea?ia a aiae, i?e yoii iie aeaaeatho 13% anao ia?aaaouaaaiuo
ieiuaaeae e auioneatho 40% anae i?iaeoeoeee. I?e yoii ethaay oa?ia, ca
?aaeeei eneeth/aieai, neaaeoao a auai?a eoeueoo? e ieiuaaee iinaaia
?aeiiaiaeaoeeyi Aeaia?oaiaioa naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Eioaineoeeaoeey
naeueneiai oicyenoaa aeinoeaaaony ca n/ao i?eiaiaiey iao/iuo oaoiieiaee.
A aia?eeaineii AIE aeinoeaiooi yooaeoeaiia ni/aoaiea iaoee, naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, o?ainii?oa e ia?a?aaaouaathueo naeueneioicyenoaaiiia nu?uea
io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Iniiaiuie eoeueoo?aie aeey naeueneiai oicyenoaa
yaeythony i?aeoe/anee ana ecaanoiua aeaeu ?anoaiee (ioaieoea, eoeo?oca,
o?oeou, iaiue, oeiiie e o. ae.), ?acaeoi e aeeaioiiaiaenoai, a
iniaaiiinoe ioeoeaaiaenoai. NOA yaeythony e?oiiaeoei a ie?a
i?iecaiaeeoaeai ca?ia.
NOA eeaee?otho a i?eiaiaiee ai?iiiia a au?aueaaiee neioa e ioeoeu, a
oaeaea caieiatho ia?aia ianoi a ie?a ii ieiuaaeyi iinaaia aaiaoe/anee
eciaiaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Ieiei 50% o?iaeay nie a NOA. 25% eoeo?ocu e 70%
oeii/aoieea — o?ainaaiiua ?aciiaeaeiinoe. Ie?iaui iiiiiieenoii ii
i?iecaiaenoao e iinoaaea oa?ia?ai naiyi oaeie i?iaeoeoeee yaeyaony
ei?ii?aoeey «Iiinaioi». Naeueneia oicyenoai Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia
iinoaaeyao ia ie?iaie ?uiie 50% eoeo?ocu, 20% aiayaeeiu, naeieiu,
aa?aieiu, ieiei iaeiie o?aoe ioaieoeu. Anaai aeiey NOA a iinoaaeao ia
ie?iaie ?uiie naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ninoaaeyao 15%.
Eniieueciaaiea ia?aaeiauo oaoiieiaee eiaao naie ecaea?aeee: iieoiaoaee
(iniaaiii a aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao) /anoi ia?aie/eaatho iinoaaee
naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ec NOA, iainiiauaay yoi
iaaeinoaoi/iuie enneaaeiaaieyie iineaaenoaee i?eiaiaiey oaeeo
oaoiieiaee.
Aia?eeaineay i?iiuoeaiiinoue ?acaeaaaony ia iniiaa /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe, a nianoaaiiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa iaoiaeeony oieueei
ii/oiaay neoaeaa. Anaai a NOA ooieoeeiie?oao ie. 21 ieeeeiia ?acee/iuo
oe?i e eiiiaiee, 14 ouny/ ec ieo ni ooaoii neoaeaueo aieaa 500 /aeiaae.
Iniiaiua oneeey i?aaeoaeuenoaa nin?aaeioi/aiu ia ?ac?aaioea e
niaethaeaiee aioeo?anoianeiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Nouiinoue yoie nenoaiu
caeeth/aaony a iaaeiiouaiee naiai?a e?oiiuo eiiiaiee (o?anoia) e
onoaiiaeaiey iiiiiieueiuo oeai ia oiaa?u e oneoae.
Aia?eeaineay i?iiuoeaiiinoue ioee/aaony i?ei?eoaoii iaoeiaieeo
oaoiieiaee. Eiaanoeoeee a noa?o i?iecaiaenoaa noaee iaeiei ec
aeaeaaoaeae yeiiiie/aneiai iiaeuaia a NOA a 1990-a aiaeu, eiaaea no?aia
noaea eeaea?ii ie?iaie eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee. Nauoa iieiaeiu anao
eiaanoeoeee a i?iiuoeaiiinoue ninoaaeyee i?eia?aoaiea eiiiuethoa?ia e
n?aaenoa eioi?iaoeee.
A NOA ?acaeo aanue niaeo? io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ia/eiay n
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo (ai?iiaeiauaathuay, iaoaeeo?ae/aneay, iaooaoeie/aneay),
caeai/eaay naiuie nia?aiaiiuie (ay?ieinie/aneay, iee?iyeaeo?iieea,
i?iecaiaenoai iiauo iaoa?eaeia e o. ae.). Iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea eiaao
i?iecaiaenoai n?aaenoa oaeaeiiioieeaoeee, o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa,
nia?aiaiiiai i?iiuoeaiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia
aeeeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey. Naiua aunieea aeioiaeu (iaeaunoee ?ino
i?eauee a na?aaeeia 1990-o aiaeia — 70%) i?eiinyo yeaeo?iiiay e
yeaeo?ioaoie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. 20% ie?iaiai yenii?oa iaoeiaieie
i?iaeoeoeee i?eoiaeeony ia aeieth NOA (2003).
Eiaeono?ey ?acaea/aiee, e eioi?ie ioiinyony ethaay aeayoaeueiinoue,
caueuaiiay aaoi?neeie i?aaaie e eiathuay ioiioaiea e eeiii?iecaiaenoao,
iocuea, oaeaaeaeaieth, eeoa?aoo?a, i?iecaiaenoao eiiiuethoa?iuo
i?ia?aii, aeaeai- e aoaeeiiaoa?eaeia, oaa?aiii eeaee?oao e ?anoao naiuie
auno?uie oaiiaie. Aeioiae io i?iaeaaee oeeueiia Aieeeaoaea a ia/aea
2000-o aa. aia?aua i?aaunee aeioiae io aeayoaeueiinoe
aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena. Caeanue auno?uie oaiiaie nicaeathony
?aai/ea ianoa. Iineieueeo i?eaueue io yoie aeayoaeueiinoe naycaia n
caueoie aaoi?neeo i?aa, aia?eeaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai caueuaao naieo
i?iecaiaeeoaeae io iacaeiiiiai eiie?iaaiey i?iaeoeoeee («ie?aonoaa»)
aeaaea a ae?oaeo no?aiao.
Nouanoaaiiue aeeaae a yeiiiie/aneee ?ino no?aiu aianee i?ioeannu
aeiaaeecaoeee, eieoeeaoi?ii eioi?uo aunooieee eiaiii aia?eeaineea
eiiiaiee, iieo/eaoea nouanoaaiioth iiaeaea?aeeo naiaai i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Iaaiiyy ae?oaea no?aiu a eioaineoeeaoeee i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea e
aeiaeaoenue nieaeaiey naaanoieiinoe naiae i?iaeoeoeee, NOA i?iaiaeyo
iieeoeeo «i?ioaeeeaaiey» naieo oiaa?ia ia ?uiee ae?oaeo no?ai e caueou
nianoaaiiuo ?uieia io aieaa aeaoaauo oiaa?ia ec ae?oaeo no?ai. Oaea
nae/an nauoa iieiaeiu aeioiaeia e?oiiuo aia?eeaineeo ei?ii?aoeee
nicaeaaony ca ?oaaaeii. A naith i/a?aaeue, a NOA aeaenoaotho
iiiai/eneaiiua oeeeaeu e aei/a?iea eiiiaiee aa?iiaeneeo e yiiineeo oe?i.
Anee a eiioea 1970-o aa. aiaoiae oi?aiaeae auei naycaii ieiei 17%
yeiiiieee NOA, oi e eiioeo 1990-o aiaeia aia?eeaineay yeiiiieea oaea ia
/aoaa?oue caaenaea io yenii?oa. Acaeiii?iieeiiaaiea yeiiiiee ai iiiaii
i?aaeii?aaeaeyao iieeoe/aneea ?aoaiey.
Noa?a oneoa — iniiaiay io?aneue aia?eeaineie yeiiiieee e ?acaeoa
i?aeoe/anee ai anao iai?aaeaieyo. Yoi o?aaeeoeeiiiua oo?eci, aaieianeia
aeaei e oi?aiaey, ia?aciaaiea e iaaeeoeeia. Ni aoi?ie iieiaeiu 1990-o
aa. ?acaeoea eiinaeoeiaiauo, ia?eaoeiaiauo e oi?aaeai/aneeo oneoa, a
oaeaea iiauo auno?i?anooueo aunieeo oaoiieiaee (oae-oae). Noa?a oneoa
iaania/eaaao 80% anaai i?e?inoa caiyoinoe a no?aia. Iaeiia?aiaiii n
?inoii /enea caiyouo a noa?a iaiaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa i?ienoiaeeo
aunaiaiaeaeaiea aunieiiiea/eaaaiuo ?aai/eo iano a i?iiuoeaiiinoe ii
i?e/eia iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, aaoiiaoecaoeee e
iaoaiecaoeee ?aai/eo iano.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u:
1. «No?aiu ie?a: nia?aiaiiue ni?aai/iee» Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae Oaaaiiaa
A.I.//III «OAe «Ecaeaoaeuenoai Ie? eieae» 2005.
2. «Aieueoay yioeeeeiiaaeey Ee?eeea e Iaoiaeey» (AYEI) – yeaeo?iiiia
ecaeaiea.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
