?aoa?ao
ia oaio: «Naaa?i-caiaaeiay e oeaio?aeueiay ?inney»
NAAA?I-CAIAAe ?INNEE
Naaa?i-Caiaae — e?oiiue ii yeiiiie/aneiio iioaioeeaeo e naiue iaaieueoie
ii oa??eoi?ee ?aeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee (212 oun. ei2), iiieii
Eaieia?aaeneie, Iiaai?iaeneie, Ineianeie iaeanoae aeeth/aao ?inneeneee
iieoaieeaa — Eaeeieia?aaeneoth iaeanoue. Nia?aiaiiua eioaa?aoeeiiiua
nayce n Oeaio?aeueiui (Iineianeei) ?aeiiii iicaieytho n/eoaoue aai
/anoueth iaae?aeiiiiai eiiieaena — Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee. Ianaeaiea
?aeiia (9,2 iei /ae.) ninoaaeyao 6,2% io /enea aeeoaeae ?innee. A
ai?iaeao i?iaeeaaao 86% ianaeaiey ?aeiia, a a Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa — 65%
ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey ?aeiia.
Auaiaeiia YAI ia Aaeoeeneii ii?a e aiaeiuo iooyo «ec aa?ya a a?aee»
ii?aaeaeeei ?aiiaa canaeaiea ?aeiia. Auaiaeu YAI ii?aaeaeythony iaee/eai
aeaoo e?oiiaeoeo ia Aaeoeea ?inneeneeo ii?oia: Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneiai e
Eaeeieia?aaeneiai. Iiieii a?aieoeu n Oeieyiaeeae, Naaa?i-Caiaae eiaao
oaia?ue iiaua o/anoee ainoaea?noaaiiie a?aieoeu n Ynoiieae e Eaoaeae.
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ?aeii, iiuaaaiue ia naaa?a Oeineei caeeaii Aaeoeeneiai
ii?y, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie anoieieaiioth ieciaiioth ?aaieio ni neaaeaie
aeayoaeueiinoe eaaeieea. A i?aaeaeao ?aeiia ?aniieiaeaia Aaeaeaeneay
aicauoaiiinoue. Eeeiao oia?aiiue eiioeiaioaeueiue, n iiauoaiiie
aeaaeiinoueth, n?aaieoaeueii oaieie ceiie e i?ioeaaeiui eaoii.
Naaa?i-Caiaae — ica?ii-?a/iie e?ae (iiiaiaiaeiua ?aee, 7 oun. ica?, a
oii /enea Eaaeiaeneia e Iiaaeneia). ?aeii iaoiaeeony a ciia niaoaiiuo
eania. Cia/eoaeueiua ieiuaaee caiyou oaieiuie eanaie. Iieaciuie
eneiiaaiuie Naaa?i-Caiaae iaaiaao: oi?o, ai?th/ea neaioeu, aieneou,
oinoi?eou, eaa?oeaaua ianee, nieyiua enoi/ieee.
A no?oeoo?a i?iiuoeaiiinoe aaaeoueie io?aneyie yaeythony iaoeiino?iaiea
(yia?aaoe/aneia, i?eai?ino?iaiea, yeaeo?ioaoieea, noaeino?iaiea,
noaieino?iaiea), oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue, oeiey, oeaaoiay
iaoaeeo?aey.
Aeiau/a neaioeaa aaaeaony a Eaieia?aaeneie iaeanoe, oi?oa — i?aeoe/anee
iianaianoii. Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ?aeii — e?oiiue iio?aaeoaeue
yeaeo?iyia?aee. Nii?oaeaiea Eaieia?aaeneie AYN iiauneei iaania/aiiinoue
?aeiia yeaeo?iyia?aeae, iniiaiay /anoue eioi?ie i?iecaiaeeony ia e?oiiuo
A?YN e OYN, ?aciauaiiuo a Naieo-
Iaoa?ao?aa e ae?oaeo oeaio?ao. AYN iaeie e n?aaeiae iiuiinoe nii?oaeaiu
ia Aieoiaa.
Aieueoay /anoue i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee iaoeiino?iaiey
neiioeaio?e?iaaia a Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa. Eeaea?u io?anee — caaiaeu
Iaoaeee/aneee, Eaei?neee, «Yeaeo?ineea», Eaieia?aaeneay^ noaeiaa?oue.
Aeey oniaoiiai ?acaeoey iaoeiino?iaiey iaiaoiaeeii oe?ieia
eniieueciaaiea i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo oaoiieiaee, aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo
nenoai, iniai neiaeiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, i?aaeaea anaai a yia?aaoe/aneii
iaoeiino?iaiee (iai?oaeiaaiea aeey AYN), noaieino?iaiee, AIE.
Oeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue i?aaenoaaeaia i?iecaiaenoaii niie, ieanoiann,
eaeie?ani/iuo ecaeaeee, eeneio, oaeia?aiee, oa?iaoeaaoe/aneie e
ia?othia?iie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth: Oeaio?u oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe:
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a e aai i?eai?iaeu, Iiaai?iae (acioiua oaeia?aiey),
Eeiaenaii (oinoi?iua oaeia?aiey). A oneiaeyo aeaoeoeeoa i?eaiciiai
nu?uey, aunieeo cao?ao ia yia?aeth e o?ainii?o io?aneue iaoiaeeony a
ninoiyiee e?ecena. ?acaeou oaeaea oeaaoiay iaoaeeo?aey: Aieoia
(aethieiee), Ieeaeaai (aeeiicai), i?iecaiaenoai aeaeaciaaoiiiuo ecaeaeee
e eiino?oeoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia.
Oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiay e aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay io?anee eaniie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe iieo/atho nu?uea ec ninaaeieo naaa?iuo iaeanoae.
Oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue nin?aaeioi/aia a Eaieia?aaeneie
iaeanoe, ?acaeoi i?iecaiaenoai oaia?u e iaaaee.
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ?aeii yaeyaony e?oiiui i?iecaiaeeoaeai oiaa?ia
ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey: ?acee/iuo oeaiae, o?eeioaaeiuo e oaaeiuo
ecaeaeee, iaoae, oiaa?ia eoeueoo?ii-auoiaiai e oicyenoaaiiiai
iacia/aiey.
A ie?anoiinoyo Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa iaoiaeeony iiiai aeeaiieniuo ai?iaeia —
iano ioaeuoa. A i?ae?aniuo ia?eao Iao?iaeai?oea, Iooeeia, Iaaeianea,
Eiiiiiniaa iiiai oeaiiaeoeo a?oeoaeoo?iuo iaiyoieeia. Ana yoi i?eaeaeaao
oo?enoia, eae e ae?aaiea Iiaai?iae, Ineia, a oaeaea Iooeeineea Ai?u,
?aniieiaeaiiua e thao io Ineiaa.
Naeueneia oicyenoai ?aeiia niaoeeaeece?oaony ia iiei/ii-iyniii
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa e eueiiaiaenoaa, ?acaeou naeiiaiaenoai e
ioeoeaaiaenoai. ?anoaieaaiaenoai niaoeeaeece?oaony ia au?aueaaiee iaiuae
e ea?oioaey. A no?oeoo?a iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae aaaeouaa ianoi caieiaao eai
(Iiaai?iaeneay iaeanoue). Naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?iaeoeou i?aaeiacia/aiu
aeey aioo?aiiaai iio?aaeaiey. Eueiiaieieii e eueiyiua oeaie auaicyony ca
i?aaeaeu ?aeiia.
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ?aeii iaeaaeaao ?acaeoie o?ainii?oiie naoueth.
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a — naiue naaa?iue ec e?oiiaeoeo ai?iaeia ie?a. Iino?iai a
onouea Iaau o Oeineiai caeeaa, ia nouea ii?neiai e ?a/iiai iooae; a iai
noi?ie?iaaeanue ?aaeeaeueii-aeoaiaay no?oeoo?a o?ainii?oiie naoe.
Iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea eiaao ii?neie o?ainii?o, ?acaeo oaeaea
o?oaii?iaiaeiue, aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio a ?aeii iinooiatho aac e iaooue. A
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa iaoiaeeony iaeei ec e?oiiaeoeo ay?iii?oia no?aiu —
Ioeeiai.
OeAIO?AEUeIAss ?INNEss
Ninoaa oa??eoi?ee e YAI Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee. Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney — yoi
ia?iiiue iaae?aeiiiue eiiieaen a ninoaaa ianeieueeeo ?aeiiia.
O?aaeeoeeiiii Oeaio?aeueiie ?inneae n/eoaee oa??eoi?eth, oyaioathuoth e
Iineaa, ia eioi?ie noi?ie?iaaeinue Iineianeia, a caoai ?onneia
ainoaea?noai (a a?aieoeao Oeaio?aeueiiai, Oeaio?aeueii-*a?iicaiiiai e
Aieai-Ayoneiai ?aeiiia). Ii e iae oaeaea iiaeii ioianoe e
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ?aeii.
Ieiuaaeue Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee (a a?aieoeao 3 ?aeiiia) ninoaaeyao 916
oun. ei2, ianaeaiea 46,7 iei /ae. Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney caieiaao
n?aaeeiioth /anoue ?onneie ?aaieiu, i?inoe?aynue io aa?oiae Aieae aei
a?aieoe n Oe?aeiie ia thaa e Aaei?onneae ia caiaaea. Ia aa oa??eoi?ee
iaoiaeeony noieeoea ?innee — ai?iae Iineaa. Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney — naiay
aonoiianaeaiiay /anoue no?aiu: caieiay anaai 3% oa??eoi?ee, iia
nin?aaeioi/eaaao ieiei 25% ianaeaiey. Aua auoa aa aeiey a i?iiuoeaiiii
i?iecaiaenoaa, iaoea, iiaeaioiaea eaae?ia.
Aicieeoee a XII a. (ia?aia oiiieiaiea a eaoiiene — 1147 a.) eae
iaaieueoay e?aiinoue ia ie?aeia Aeaaeeie?i-Nocaeaeueneie ?one, ai?iae
Iineaa oaea /a?ac noieaoea i?aoaiaeoao ia ?ieue iaua?onneiai oeaio?a, a
caoai e noieeoeu ?innee. Eaeea oaeoi?u ii?aaeaeeee no?aieoaeueiue ?ino
ai?iaea, aai ?ieue n?aaee oeaio?ia ?onneeo eiyaeanoa?
Ia?aue oaeoi? — aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea. Ii iiaieth ecaanoiiai
aaia?aoa E. I. Ia-a?aieca, aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea Iineau ia ?aiiai
yoaia o?oaeii iacaaoue oieeaeueiui, nei?aa iii auei oeie/iui aeey
noa?aeoeo ?onneeo oeaio?ia, oyaioaaoeo e eceo/eiai ?ae e eiiiaeoiui
iieinai i?e?iaeiuo cii, /oi niinianoaiaaei ?acaeoeth iaiaia.
1. Aianoa n oai Iiaeiineiauea, iiaeiaii Eeaa-ueia, Aeaaeeie?ueia,
?aeiiai Ieaeiaai Iiaai?iaea e Eacaie, iaoiaeeony a iieina nouea oaieiuo
e oe?ieieenoaaiiuo eania, iiaecieenouo e na?uo eaniuo ii/a — naiuo
oaeiaiuo aeey ?aiiacaieaaeaeue/aneiai inaiaiey. Inue yoie iieinu e oiio
aea neoaeeea eeieae iai?aaeaiey eieiiecaoeee neaayi n caiaaea e n thaa
ia Aieai-Ieneia iaaeaeo?a/uea, a oeaio?a eioi?iai eaaeaea Iineaa. Ia
naaa?i-ainoie io yoie ine niauaeny aaia?aoe/aneee oeaio? ?onneiai
ainoaea?noaa.
2. *?acau/aeii oaea/iui auei iee?i- e ia-ciiieiaeaiea Iineau a oceiaii
?aeiia, iniaaiii o?ainii?oii-aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea. Iineaa auea
naycaia aiaeiuie iooyie n aannaeiaie ?ae Iee e Aieae. Naia ?aea Iineaa,
ia eioi?ie aiciee ai?iae, yaeyaony eaaui i?eoieii Iee. Aa nianoaaiiua
i?eoiee (?. ssoca, aiaaeathuay a Iineao a /a?oa ai?iaea) /a?ac aieiee
auee naycaiu n Eeycueiie, oaeouae ai Aeaaeeie?i-Nocaeaeueneoth caieth, n
Aieaie e aannaeiii Aeiai?a. Aiaeiua iooe aeiiieiyeenue ia?ana/aieai a
?aeiia Iineau nooiiooiuo aei?ia, eaeoueo io iaa a ?aciuo iai?aaeaieyo.
3. Oeaio?aeueiui auei iieiaeaiea Iineau ia iae?io?iaia: ii ioiioaieth e
aaeeeieiyaeaneiio Aeaaeeie?o, e?oiiui oeaio?ai eiyaeanoa — ?ycaie,
Oaa?e, ?inoiao, a oaeaea aieaa ioaeaeaiiui e e?oiiaeoei — Eeaao,
Iiaai?iaeo, Aoeaa?o (ia Aieaa).
4. Oeaio?aeueiui auei iieiaeaiea Iineau ii ioiioaieth e iioieai
ia?anaeaioeaa-neaayi, ooiaeeaoeo n thaa, naaa?i-caiaaea, ainoiea a
ioiineoaeueii aaciianiue ?aeii iaaeaeo?a/uey Iee e Aieae. Yoi i?eaaei e
?acaeoeth ?aianae e oi?aiaee a iaeii?eaiaeiii aeey naeueneiai oicyenoaa
eaniii ?aeiia. Eiaiii caeanue iinoaiaiii noi?ie?iaaeinue yae?i ?onneiai
ia?iaea.
Aoi?ie aaaeiue oaeoi? — enoi?e/aneee — aue naycai n ineaaeaieai
eiieo?aioia Iineau, iniaaiii Oaa?e, a ?acoeueoaoa iaoanoaey
iiiaiei-oaoa?. Oaa?ue ia eiaea iiaeecinoe nianoaaiiuo aeeoieoe, aa
eiiioieeaoeee i?e eiioeeeoao eaaei ia?aoaaouaaeenue, o Aeaaeeie?a auee
cao?oaeiaiu nayce n oaie caieyie, eioi?ua ioaeii auei inaiaiaeaeaoue io
caoaao/eeia. ?ycaiue e Niieaine no?aaeaee io /?acau/aeiie auaeaeiooinoe
ia iianiuo iai?aaeaieyo.
Iineaa, ?aniieiaeaiiay a oeaio?a ?onneie ?aaieiu, auea caueuaia eanaie e
?aeaie, eiaea iiaeecinoe aeeoieoeu, oaeiaiue auoiae e oi?aiaui iooyi,
aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue aieiee ia ?aeao.
Iinea oneeaiey ?iee Iineau iia naia iiaeaaeyao e caaiaauaaao eiieo?aioia
— Iiaai?iae, Eacaiue, Niieaine.
N?aaee i?e/ei oneeaiey ?iee Iineau /anoi ioia/atho i?aaeeueioth iieeoeeo
iineianeeo eiycae, ii e iia auea aaia?aoe/anee aeaoa?ieie?iaaia. ?ycaiue
aeieai neiauaae no?ao ia?aae I?aeie, Oaa?ue, iai?ioea, neeoeii ?aii
iuoaeanue iiaeiyoue i?ioea iaa ainnoaiea. Ia naaa?i-caiaaea iaoiaeeeny
Aaeeeee Iiaai?iae, ia thai-ainoiea — Ano?aoaiue. Aaeieue yoie ine
neeaaeuaaaony iaeanoue iinaeaiey neaayi, a oeaio?a eioi?ie iaoiaeeeanue
Iineaa.
O?aoee oaeoi? — i?aa?auaiea Iineau a oeaio? ?onneie i?aaineaaiie oea?eae
— ?acei oneeee aicaeaenoaea Iineau ia iiiaea ?onneea caiee.
Onoie/eainoue YAI Iineau iiiaie?aoii iiaeoaa?aeaeaeanue enoi?eae, ii
iniaaiii y?ei a oio ia?eiae, eiaaea naaa?iay noieeoea — Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a
— ia aeaa aaea ia?aoeea Iineao a iieiaeaiea «ii?oe?iiiniie aaeiau», ii
aeaaea oiaaea iineaaeiyy ia oo?aoeea cia/aiey ?iee aeaaiiai aioo?aiiaai
oeaio?a. A eiia/iii eoiaa i?aeiouanoaa aiaiii-no?aoaae/aneiai e
yeiiiieei-aaia?aoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey Iineau ia?aae Iao?ia?aaeii
ii?aaeaeeee auai? noieeoeu Niaaoneie ?innee a 1918 a. A niaaoneia a?aiy
iieiaeaiea Iineau oneeeeinue ca n/ao eiioeaio?aoeee caeanue iao/iuo e
aaeieieno?aoeaiuo eaae?ia, a a iineaaiaiiue ia?eiae — nicaeaieai nenoaiu
I?I.
Naiaia?aciia o?ainii?oii-aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea eiaao oaeaea e
Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae, a ianoa neeyiey Iee n Aieaie, /oi ii?aaeaeeei aai
aaaeiia oi?aiaia e o?ainii?oiia cia/aiea (caeanue i?iaiaeeeenue
ana?inneeneea y?ia?ee). Ia thaa Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee ia?yaeo n ae?aaieie
ai?iaeaie nicaeaaaeenue e?aiinoe aeey caueou io iaaaaia ei/aaieeia.
O?ainii?oii-aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea. A yeiiiieea Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee
iieo/eee ?acaeoea iiiaea aeaeu o?ainii?oa. Caieiay oeaio?aeueiia
iieiaeaiea ioiineoaeueii Oe?aeiu, I?eaaeoeee, Aaei?onnee, O?aea,
Aa?iiaeneiai Naaa?a, iia iauaaeeiyea eo aeaaiaea?y ?acaeoui o?ainii?oiui
nenoaiai.
O?ainii?oiuie iaaeno?aeyie Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney naycaia n iniiaiuie
aiaoiaoi?aiauie ii?oaie Aaeoeeneiai e *a?iiai ii?ae, i?ea?aie/iuie
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuie oceaie. N ?aniaaeii Niaaoneiai Nithca yeiiiie/aneea
nayce ?aaeiia n iiauie iacaaeneiuie ainoaea?noaaie ai iiiaii
ia?ooeeenue. ?acei oneiaeieeinue aaiiieeoe/aneia iieiaeaiea
Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee, eioi?ay «auoea» e ainoaea?noaaiiie a?aieoea ia
i?ioyaeaiee aieaa 3 oun. ei.
I?aeiouanoai yeiiiieei-aaia?aoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee —
iaee/ea a iae Iineau — e?oiiaeoaai o?ainii?oiiai ocea.
Eae e ana noa?eiiua ai?iaea-e?aiinoe, Iineaa eiaao
?aaeeaeueii-eieueoeaaoth no?oeoo?o. ?anoouoth Iineao iiiynuaaee ana
iiaua e iiaua eieueoea: e?aiinoiua eaiaiiua noaiu E?aiey, Eeoae-ai?iaea,
Aaeiai ai?iaea. Aeaeueoa io oeaio?a eo niaiyee caieyiua aaeu e ?au. Io
E?aiey ?aaeeonaie ?anoiaeeeenue aei?iae, naycuaathuea Iineao n
ie?oaeaaoeie aa ai?iaeaie. Yoa no?oeoo?a nio?aieeanue e aei iaoeo aeiae.
Oieueei oaia?ue ia ianoa eieueoeaauo noai e aaeia i?ioiaeyo oe?ieea
oeeoeu.
N 1830 ii 1850 a. ii o?annai i?aaeieo aoaeaauo o?aeoia auee i?ieiaeaiu
oinna n oaa?aeui iie?uoeai, a ia?aeeaeueii ei a 60-a aiaeu XIX a. —
aeaeaciua aei?iae ss?ineaaeue—Aieiaaea—Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae,
?ycaiue—Ai?iiaae—Eo?ne—Oa?ueeia, Niieaine—Ieine—Aa?oaaa. Aiineaaenoaee a
iaoiae Iineau nicaeathony aeaeaciua aei?iae aeey niaaeeiaiey ii?oia
Aaeoeee e Aieae. Aieaa 90% anae aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie naoe auei nicaeaii e
ia/aeo XX a. N 1901 ii 1985 a. auee iino?iaiu eeoue aei?iaa
Iineaa—Eacaiue, iaeia e aieueoia iineianeia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiia eieueoei.
A 30-a aiaeu XX a. ia/aeanue yeaeo?eoeeaoeey Iineianeiai o?ainii?oiiai
ocea e eeoue a 50-a aiaeu — OeY?.
A i?aaeaeao oieueei iaeiie Iineianeie iaeanoe ia?aaiceony 50% anao
i?eai?iaeiuo iannaaee?ia ?innee. Iaiin?aaenoaaiii ec Iineau ioi?aaeyaony
aieaa 350 iannaaee?neeo iiacaeia, ia?iiai iioie o?aiceoiuo iannaaee?ia
(30—35%), n i?aiaeaaeaieai iioieia ec naaa?i-caiaaeiuo e
naaa?i-ainoi/iuo, a oaeaea thaeiuo e thai-ainoi/iuo ?aeiiia. Iaeaieaa
ia?aa?oaeaiu ss?ineaaneia, Eo?neia, ?ycaineia e Eaieia?aaeneia
iai?aaeaiey — 50% anao ioi?aaeaiee; Ai?ueianeia, Eeaaneia, Caiaaeiia e
Iaaaeaoeeia — 34%, iaeiaiaa caa?oaeaiu — Eacaineia, Naaaeianeia e
?eaeneia iai?aaeaiey i?eai?iaeiuo ia?aaicie.
A 30-a aiaeu ioia/aii e ao?iia no?ieoaeuenoai aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia:
?aeiino?oe?othony noa?ua e no?iyony iiaua oinna — Ieineia, Aai?ueaaneia,
Eaoe?neia, ia Io?ii—Ai?ueeee, ss?ineaaeue—?uaeine. A iineaaiaiiia a?aiy
?aeiino?oeoeeth i?aoa?iaee ?ycaineia, Ieineia, Eaieia?aaeneia e
Ai?ueeianeia oinna, no?iyony iiaua — Neioa?iiieueneia (50-a aiaeu),
Aieaia?aaeneia (60-a aiaeu), Eeaaneia e IEAAe (70-a aiaeu). Ec noieeoeu
ioi?aaeythony 1400 i?eai?iaeiuo e 170 iaaeiaeanoiuo aaoiaoniuo
ia?o?ooia.
Enoi?e/anee neiaeeeny aiaeiue iooue ii Aieaa, Iea, Iineaa. Oaea a
iao?ianeea a?aiaia Oeaio? aue iniauai nenoaiie eaiaeia, i?aa?aoeaoeo aai
a aaeeinoaaiiue ?aeii n ?acaeoie eieueoeaaie nenoaiie ?a/iuo iooae,
naycaaoee aai n Naaa?i-Caiaaeiui, Aieai-Ayoneei e Iiaieaeneei ?aeiiaie,
i?aa?aoea noieeoeo a ii?o iyoe ii?ae.
I?aeoe/anee ana ianaeaiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee eniieuecoao aiciiaeiinoe
ay?iii?oia Iineau, ec eioi?uo Aioeiai e Aeiiiaeaaeiai ioi?aaeytho 70%
anao iannaaee?ia aioo?e no?aiu, a Oa?aiaoueaai iaania/eaaao
cia/eoaeueioth /anoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo iannaaee?iia?aaicie no?aiu.
Oi?ie?iaaaoayny nenoaia iaooa- e aacii?iaiaeia ia ?annoiyiee 70—90 ei io
Iineau oaeaea iieiinoueth iiaoi?eea ?aaeeaeueii-eieueoeaaoth no?oeoo?o.
A nenoaia a?ociiioieia Iineaa aunooiaao eae e?oiiue eo aaia?aoi? e
o?aiceoiue ocae ii eo ia?aaea/a — iaa iineianeea eieueoeaaua aei?iae
ia?aa?oaeaiu o?aiceoii. Oeaio?aeueiinoue Iineau ii ia?a
niaa?oainoaiaaiey nenoai e n?aaenoa o?ainii?oa oneeeaaaony.
I?e?iaeii-?ano?niue iioaioeeae. Ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie /anoyie no?aiu
Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney ia noieue aiaaoa i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie. Ia ?aiiai
yoaia ca?iaeaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiinoe i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu nua?aee aaaeioth
?ieue a ?acaeoee oicyenoaa. Ia nianoaaiiii nu?uea e oiieeaa caeanue
?aiueoa, /ai a ae?oaeo ianoao no?aiu, ca?iaeeeanue /a?iay iaoaeeo?aey,
iaoaeeiia?aaioea, nieaaa?aiea, aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay, oaenoeeueiay,
noaeieueiay e ea?aie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. A aeaeueiaeoai i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia noaei ia oaaoaoue, iiyoiio iaaeinoathuaa nu?uea e oiieeai
i?eaiceee ec ae?oaeo iano. Ao?ue oaieue (Iiaeiineiaiue aannaei), oi?o,
no?ieoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu (ecaanoiyee, aeeia, ianee), oinoi?eou, aieneou,
nieue ia/aee aeoeaii eniieueciaaoue eeoue a niaaoneia a?aiy. Iaeiaei iie
eeoue /anoe/ii oaeiaeaoai?ytho iio?aaiinoe ?aeiiia.
Aaaeiia i?e?iaeiia aiaaonoai Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee — aeaeaciay ?oaea
Eo?neie iaaieoiie aiiiaeee (EIA). Iia iicaieyao nicaeaoue nianoaaiioth
iaoaeeo?ae/aneoth aaco. Aiaeiua aea ?ano?nu cia/eoaeueiu oieueei ia
naaa?i-caiaaea, a oeaeii iie iaaaeeee.
A ia?eiae eiaeono?eaeecaoeee ioia/aeinue no?aieaiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee
e iaeneiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth ianeieueeeo iiiaii?ioeeueiuo aac,
aeeceeo ii aaia?aoe/aneiio iieiaeaieth: yia?ai?ano?nia (Iinaann,
ianoi?iaeaeaiey oi?oa, aeae?i?ano?nu Aa?oiae Aieae), iaooe Iiaieaeuey
(aianoi Aaeo), iaoaeea EIA (aianoi O?aea e Oe?aeiu).
Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney eiaao cia/eoaeueiua caiaeueiua ?ano?nu, a ?aaieiiay
oa??eoi?ey oaeiaia aeey naeueneiai oicyenoaa.
?ae?aaoeeiiii-aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee ioee/aaony
iiiaia?aiiinoueth e aieueoie aieinoueth eae nianoaaiiuo ?ae?aaoeeiiiuo
?ano?nia, oae e ?ano?nia nii?aaeaeueiuo oa??eoi?ee. Aaeeea ?ieue Iineau
eae ?ani?aaeaeeoaey iniiaiuo oo?enoe/aneeo iioieia ec ?acee/iuo ?aeiiia
no?aiu i?aeoe/anee ai ana no?aiu ie?a.
Ianaeaiea. Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney — oa??eoi?ey, aaea noi?ie?iaaeny ?onneee
ia?iae, ?onneeo e nae/an caeanue aieueoeinoai. Eeoue ia ainoiea a
aaoiiiiiuo ?anioaeeeao Aieai-Ayoneiai ?aeiia aeeaoo ia?eeoeu, /oaaoe,
ii?aeaa.
A Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee ?acei i?aiaeaaeaao ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea.
Aaaeiaeoaa ianoi n?aaee ai?iaeia caieiatho ai?iaea-ieeeeiia?u: Iineaa,
Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae. Aie?oa ieo oi?ie?othony ai?iaeneea aaeiia?aoeee.
Cieioia eieueoei Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee ninoaaeytho aieaa 40 ae?aaieo
ai?iaeia, n?aaee ieo Io?ii, ?inoia, Niieaine, ss?ineaaeue, Nocaeaeue,
?ycaiue, Eo?ne, Aeaaeeie?, Iineaa, iicaeiaa aicieeee Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae,
ai?iaea-e?aiinoe ia thaa Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee.
Iieiaeaiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee a nenoaia ?annaeaiey /?acau/aeii
auaiaeii: ie?oaeathuea oa??eoi?ee iaeaaeatho iiuiui aeaiia?aoe/aneei
iioaioeeaeii. Aieueoay /anoue ianaeaiey auea aiaea/aia a eonoa?iua
i?iiuneu aua iaeaioia eaieoaeenoe/aneie yiioe, /oi iicaieeei aio auno?i
ia?aeoe e e?oiiie iaoeiiie eiaeono?ee. A ia?eiae i?iiuoeaiiiai
ia?aai?ioa ?ino Iineau i?eaeae e naaa o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu aonoiianaeaiiuo
ninaaeieo oa??eoi?ee, iniiaiay /anoue eioi?uo ia auea aeoeaii caiyoa a
naeueneii oicyenoaa, e caiyoinoue a i?iiuoeaiiinoe aeey iaai yaeyeanue
i?ei?eoaoiie. A yoeo ?aeiiao oi?ie?iaaeenue eaae?u aeey oyaeaeie, a
caoai — aeey oaenoeeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Aieueoia /enei ai?iaeia a Oeaio?aeueiii ?aeiia aicieeei ec auaoeo
oaa?e/iuo nae (Eaaiiai, I?aoiai-Coaai). Iiiai ai?iaeia nicaeaii a
niaaoneia a?aiy: oeaio?u i?iiuoeaiiinoe (Yeaeo?inoaeue, AEaeaciiai?ne,
Iiaiiineiane) e iaoee (Aeoaia, Iaieine, O?ieoee, I?ioaeii, Iooeeii),
oeaio?u aiaiiie iaoee e iai?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe a Iiaeiineiauea,
Ieaeaai?iaeneie iaeanoe.
A Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ieiei 1200 ai?iaeneeo
iinaeaiee, a oii /enea aieaa 420 ai?iaeia. A iineaaeiea aiaeu ai anao
e?oiiuo ai?iaeao iuouaaony iaoaaoea ?aai/ae neeu. E yoi ianiio?y ia oi,
/oi iie auno?i ?anooo.
Ii ioiioaieth e a?aaeo aunieie ieioiinoe (nauoa 25 /ae./ei2)
Oeaio?aeueiay ?inney caieiaao naaa?iia i?ea?aie/iia iieiaeaiea, o. a.
iaoiaeeony ia ?oaaaea, ?acaeaeythuai oa??eoi?ee n nouanoaaiii ?aciie
ieioiinoueth, — iaeiianaeaiiua Naaa? e Naaa?i-Caiaae e ieioiicanaeai-iua
Naaa?iue Eaaeac e O?aei-Iiaieaeuea.
Ai?iaea n /eneaiiinoueth ianaeaiey nauoa 100 oun. /ae. aeinoaoi/ii
?aaiiia?ii ?aciauaiu ii oa??eoi?ee Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee, a ai?iaea n
ianaeaieai io 500 oun. aei 1 iei aeeoaeae iaoiaeyony ai?acaei ainoi/iaa
Iineau.
Naeueneia ?annaeaiea eiaao naie aaia?aoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe. A naaa?iuo
/anoyo Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee naeaiey iaaieueoea, ia thaa — e?oiiua naea.
?aiueoa i?aiaeaaeaea iea?aoeey naeueneiai ianaeaiey ec Oeaio?aeueiie
?innee, oaia?ue iuouaaony ?aceee iaaeinoaoie o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia a
naeueneie ianoiinoe. Ia/aeenue i?ioeannu ia?anaeaiey /anoe aeeoaeae ciiu
Naaa?a a ia/a?iicaiiua iaeanoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee. Oa?aeoa?ai i?eoie
ianaeaiey ec ai?y/eo oi/ae ?innee.
Oicyenoai. I?iiuoeaiiinoue Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee niaoeeaeece?oaony ia
neiaeiie e iaiaoa-?eaeiaieie i?iaeoeoeee, o?aaothuae eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai
o?oaea e iao/iuo ?ac?aaioie. Aeaaiua io?anee niaoeeaeecaoeee ?aeiia —
iaoeiino?iaiea, oeie/aneay e eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue.
Aeey Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee, aaea cia/eoaeueia eiioeaio?aoeey i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, ai?iaeneeo iinaeaiee, aaaeii ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea
oa??eoi?ee e i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, auaeaeaiea e?oiiuo o/anoeia aeey
?ae?aaoeee, aiaae?aiey iiauo oaoiieiaee n aaciooiaeiuie nenoaiaie
i?iecaiaenoaa.
A niaaoneia a?aiy a Iineaa e Iineianeie aaeiia?aoeee noi?ie?iaaeny
iao/iue, i?iiuoeaiii-o?ainii?oiue ocae. Eciaieeanue io?aneaaay e
oa??eoi?eaeueiay no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee. Aianoi i?aiaeaaeaaoeo a
«neooeaaie» Iineaa eaaeie e ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe aaaeouei noaei
iaoeiino?iaiea, a oii /enea iai?iiiia. ?anoe?aiea ieiuaaee ainoaea?noaa
i?eaaei e iiyaeaieth io?aneae, ianeoaeeaathueo ie?oaeathuea oa??eoi?ee,
noaaoea aai nu?ueaauie i?eaeaoeaie. Iaauee ianaeaiey a ?aciuo i?iiuneao
e ?aianeao, neiaeeaoeony ia ianeoaeeaaiee aioo?aiiae oi?aiaee ii ?aeai,
oeo/oaiea o?ainii?oiuo naycae n ae?oaeie /anoyie no?aiu, iniaaiii
no?ieoaeuenoai aeaeaciuo aei?ia, aucaaee auno?ia i?iiuoeaiiia ?acaeoea
yoiai ?aeiia.
Iaoeiino?iaiea niaoeeaeece?oaony ia i?iecaiaenoaa noaieia, eino?oiaioia,
i?eai?ia, yeaeo?ioaoie/aneiai e yeaeo?iiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, aaoiiiaeeae
e naiieaoia. Iniaaiii aaeeea ?ieue ay?ieinie/aneiai iai?iiiiai eiiieaena
e ?aaeeiyeaeo?iieee. A iaoeiino?iaiee caiyoi ieiei 60% ?aaioathueo a
i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Iaoeiino?ieoaeueiua caaiaeu ia?acotho eieueoei aie?oa noa?ie oa??eoi?ee
ai?iaea, a?aieoeae eioi?iai auea ie?oaeiay aeaeaciay aei?iaa. Aieueoa eo
— a thaeiie e ainoi/iie /anoyo.
N?aaee ae?oaeo oeaio?ia auaeaeythony: ss?ineaaeue e Eaaiiai (e?aiu,
noaieino?iaiea, iai?oaeiaaiea aeey oi?oi?ac?aaioie), Ooea
(naeueneioicyenoaaiiia iaoeiino?iaiea), Aeaaeeie? (o?aeoi?ino?iaiea),
A?yine (aeecaeano?iaiea, aaaiiino?iaiea), ?ycaiue (noaieino?iaiea),
Niieaine (yeaeo?ioaoieea) e ae?.
Aaaeouei II a aaoiiiaeeano?iaiee ?aeiia yaeyaony Iineianeee aaoicaaiae
(CEE). I?aaei?eyoea niaoeeaeece?oaony ia auionea a?ociauo e eaaeiauo
aaoiiiaeeae aunoaai eeanna. Oeeeaeu CEEa ?aniieiaeaiu a Iineaa,
ss?ineaaea, ss?oeaai (Niieaineay iaeanoue), Ioeainea (I?eianeay
iaeanoue) e ae?oaeo ai?iaeao; nicaeaii i?iecaiaenoai naiinaaeia
(Iuoeue), aaoiaonia (Eeeeii-Aeoeaai).
Iineianeee caaiae ei. Eaieineiai eiiniiiea — aieiaiia i?aaei?eyoea II
ACEE; anoue i?aaei?eyoey a Eaaiianeie e Oaa?neie iaeanoyo. ss?ineaaneee
caaiae, a i?ioeii aaoiiiaeeueiue, naaiaeiy niaoeeaeece?oaony ia
i?iecaiaenoaa aeaeaaoaeae — i?iecaiaenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea
«Aaoiaeecaeue».
Aaaeouay io?aneue iaoeiino?iaiey Ieaeiaai Iiaai?iaea —
aaoiiiaeeano?iaiea, aaaeouaa ianoi n?aaee iaoeiino?ieoaeueiuo
i?aaei?eyoee caieiaao AAC, i?iecaiaeyuee a?ociaua e eaaeiaua aaoiiiaeee.
Oeaio?aeueiue ?aeii — ?iaeeia ioa/anoaaiiiai aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai
iaoeiino?iaiey. Eieiiioeau i?iecaiaeyo a Eieiiia, A?yinea, Eaeoaa,
Ethaeeiiaa, Io?iia, aaaiiu — a A?yinea, Oaa?e, Aeaieoiai.
Aunieie noaiaiueth eiioeaio?aoeee ioee/aaony aaeaoeeiiiay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue ?aeiia, i?aaeaea anaai a Iineaa e aa i?eai?iaeao
(AEoeianeee), a oaeaea Niieainea, Ieaeiai Iiaai?iaea.
Iaoeiino?iaiea niaoeeaeece?iaaii oaeaea ia i?iecaiaenoaa noaieia
(Iineaa, Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae, Eaaiiai, Ai?iiaae, Eeiaoee), yeneaaaoi?ia,
ai?ii-iaiaaoeoaeueiuo iaoei (Ai?iiaae, Eo?ne) e oeie/aneiai
iai?oaeiaaiey (Oaiaia), yeaeo?iaiia?aoo?u (Iineaa, Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae,
Eo?ne), oaeaaeci?ia e ?aaeeii?eaiieeia (Iineaa, Ai?iiaae), iai?oaeiaaiey
aeey o?oaii?iaiaeia (Ai?iiaae, Eo?ne) e oaieiauo yeaeo?inoaioeee
(Aaeai?iae).
Iaoeiino?iaiea ?aeiia i?eaioe?iaaii ia e?oiiaeooth a Oeaio?aeueiie
?innee aaco ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey — aeaeaciuo ?oae EIA, a ia eo iniiaa
iaiaauaiea aeaeaciie ?oaeu, i?iecaiaenoai /oaoia, noaee, aioiaiai
i?ieaoa /a?iuo iaoaeeia (Aaeai?iae, Eeiaoee, Noa?ue Ineie, Eo?ne).
Oeie/aneea i?aaei?eyoey ?aniieiaeaiu ia thaa Iineau. Oeaio?aeueiay
?inney auaeaeyaony auniei?acaeoie oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth,
niaoeeaeece?othuaeny ia i?iecaiaenoaa acioiuo, oinoi?iuo oaeia?aiee,
niie, oeie/aneeo aieieii, neioaoe/aneiai eao/oea e ?aceiioaoie/aneeo
ecaeaeee, e eaeie?ani/iie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth. Iniiaiua oeaio?u oeie/aneie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe: Iiaiiineiane, Uaeeii, Iineaa, I?aoiai-Coaai, ?ycaiue,
Oaa?ue. Iniaia cia/aiea a ?aeiia eiaao i?iecaiaenoai oei (Ai?iiaae),
?aceiioaoie/aneeo ecaeaeee (Eo?ne, Oaiaia), neioaoe/aneeo aieieii,
eeneio, nie?oia, iithueo n?aaenoa (Uaeeii), aeoaieiiuo i?aia?aoia
(Aaeai?iae), oinoi?iuo oaeia?aiee (Eeiaoee). Eiathony aeaaii?eyoiua
oneiaey aeey aeiau/e e ia?a?aaioee ayonei-eaineeo oinoi?eoia, eiathueo
aieueoia cia/aiea aeey ?innee. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia eo aaca auioneaaony
oieueei oinoi?iay ioea. ?aeii caieiaao aeaeiia ianoi a no?aia ii
i?iecaiaenoao aiieaea, eaonoe/aneie niaeu, ieanoiann, neioaoe/aneeo niie
(Aeca?aeeine); a Eioea?-Iea e Ee?iaa au?aaaouaatho eneonnoaaiioth eiaeo,
i?eiaiyaioth a aaoiiiaeeano?iaiee .
Iieea?aoe/aneay aaca Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee i?aaenoaaeaia oeiia?aoeyie
Iineau, Oaa?e, *aoiaa, Niieainea, auioneathueie aieaa iieiaeiu aacao e
eiea, ecaeaaaaiuo a ?innee.
Eaniay e aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay i?iiuoeaiiinoue neiioeaio?e?iaaia a
Aieai-Ayoneii ?aeiia, aaea ?acaeoi eaniieeaiea, aeiiino?iaiea,
i?iecaiaenoai oaia?u, nie/ae, AeNI (Iiaiayone). I?aaei?eyoey
oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe ?aniieiaeaiu a Aaeaoia e Aieaenea.
I?iiuoeaiiinoue Iineau, iniaaiii i?aaei?eyoey iaoaeeo?aee e oeie/aneie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, yaeythony iiuiuie caa?ycieoaeyie aicaeooa e aiaeu
Iineau-?aee. Ii naiue aieueoie caa?ycieoaeue — aaoiiiaeeueiue o?ainii?o.
Iineaa — aaaeiaeoee oi?aiai-oeiainiaue oeaio? no?aiu, caeanue iaoiaeyony
e?oiiaeoea aaiee, i?aaeaiey ?inneeneeo e eiino?aiiuo oe?i, ?inneeneay
Aeaaeaiey iaoe e oeaeue ?yae io?aneaauo aeaaeaiee, 1000
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo einoeoooia, 80 aocia, a oii /enea 13
oieaa?neoaoia e 19 o/aaiuo aeaaeaiee.
Eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue eiaao a ?aeiia enoi?e/aneea ei?ie. ?aeii caieiaao
aaaeouaa ianoi ii i?iecaiaenoao oeii/aoiaoiaaeiuo, eueiyiuo, oaeeiauo,
oa?noyiuo oeaiae, o?eeioaaeiuo, oaaeiuo ecaeaeee. E?oiiua oeaio?u
oaenoeeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe — Iineaa, Eaaiiai, I?aoiai-Coaai, Iaaeianeee
Iinaae, Aeieo?ia e ae?oaea oeaio?u «neooeaaiai iiyna». Oeii/aoiaoiaaeiia
i?iecaiaenoai neeaaeuaaeinue ia oa??eoi?ee Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee, oae eae
oi?aiaua iooe i?ioiaeeee eiaiii /a?ac iaai. Eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue
aeeth/aao a naay oaenoeeueioth, oaaeioth, iaoiaoth e
eiaeaaaiii-iaoaioth. Oaenoeeueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue ?aciauaia ii aeieeia
Iineau-?aee.
Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiue eiiieaen aeeth/aao o?e ?aeiia. Ia?aue naycai n
/a?iicaiiuie ii/aaie ia thaa. Oeaio?aeueii-*a?iicaiiue ?aeii — iniiaiie
naeueneioicyenoaaiiue ?aeii Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee. Caeanue i?iec?anoatho
ca?iiaua (ioaieoea, ?iaeue, i?ini, y/iaiue, a?a/eoa), oaoie/aneea
(naoa?iay naaeea, iiaenieia/iee) e ieiaeiiaiuiua eoeueoo?u, ea?oioaeue.
Ii aeaao 50% naoa?iie naaeeu, 20% iiaenieia/ieea, 10% ca?ia e ea?oioaey,
8—9% aeeaioiiaiae/aneie i?iaeoeoeee (iyna, iieiea, yeoe) ?innee. A
?aeiia noi?ie?iaaeinue eiiaaiaenoai, iaoeaaiaenoai, i/aeiaiaenoai. Ia
aaca naeueneiai oicyenoaa nicaeaia iiuiay ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue:
ioeiiieueiay, ianeiaieiay, naaeeinaoa?iay, oaaa/iay, iyniay.
Aoi?ie — iaaeaeo?a/uea Iee e Aieae, aaea iiiai ai?iaeia, i?aiaeaaeaao
i?eai?iaeiia naeueneia oicyenoai ni niaoeeaeecaoeeae ia
ea?oioaea-iaiuiii oicyenoaa, a oaeaea naeiiaiaenoai, iiei/ii-iyniia
aeeaioiiaiaenoai e ioeoeaaiaenoai. Aie?oa Iineau e iiiaeo iaeanoiuo
oeaio?ia ?acaeoa iiuiay ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue
iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae ?aeiia caiyoa iiae ca?iiaua (ioaieoea, a?a/eoa) e
oaoie/aneea eoeueoo?u (naaeea, eai-aeieaoiaoe).
O?aoee caieiaao naaa? e caiaae Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee, oicyenoai
niaoeeaeece?oaony ia au?aueaaiee ca?iiauo (iceiay ?iaeue, y?iaay
ioaieoea), eueiiaiaenoaa e iiei/ii-iyniii aeeaioiiaiaenoaa. Aaaeiui
oaeoi?ii yaeyaony ?acaeoea i?eai?iaeiiai oicyenoaa a ie?anoiinoyo
e?oiiuo ai?iaeia, aaea ?acaeou iaiuaaiaenoai e iiei/ii-iyniia
aeeaioiiaiaenoai. Ianouiie i?iaeaiie yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue
cia/eoaeueiiai oaaee/aiey iauaia naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee,
iniaaiii ei?iia, ca?ia, oneeaiey niaoeeaeecaoeee io?aneae
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa.
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