Naaa?i-Ainoi/iue ?aeii (Oa?ueeianeay, Iieoaaneay e Noineay iaeanoe) ii
eiee/anoao ianaeaiey (5,5 iei. /aeiaae) e i?iecaiaenoao i?iiuoeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee aoiaeeo a iyo??eo, a ii naeueneioicyenoaaiiie – caiueaao
o?ieeo eeaea?ia. N?aaee iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea eiatho
caeaaee aaca, iaooe e aeaeaciie ?oaeu. Iniiaiuie io?aneyie yeiiiieee
?aeiia yaeythony iaoeiino?iaiea, iaoaeeiia?aaioea, oeie/aneay, ieuaaay e
e?aeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue.
Iaeaieueoeie i?iiuoeaiiuie oceaie Naaa?i-Ainoi/iiai ?aeiia yaeythony:
Oa?ueeianeee, E?aiai/oaneee, Iieoaaneee e Noineie. A ?aeii aaicyo:
iaoaee, ean, ?aciiia?aciua iaoeiu e iai?oaeiaaiea, i?iaeoeoeeth e?aeie,
ieuaaie e oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a yenii?oe?otho: i?e?iaeiue aac,
aeaeacioth ?oaeo, i?iaeoeou iaooaia?a?aaioee, aeaeaciaaoiiiua
eiino?oeoeee, o?aeoi?u, a?ociaua aaoiiiaeee, aaeineiaaeu, noaiee e ae?.
?aeii caieiaao oa??eoi?ee Oa?ueeianeie, Iieoaaneie e Noineie iaeanoae,
eioi?ua ?aniieiaeaiu ia naaa?i-ainoiea no?aiu; a?aie/eo n Aeiiaoeeei,
I?eaeiai?ianeei, Oeaio?aeueiui, Noiee/iui ?aeiiaie Oe?aeiu, n
Oeaio?aeueiui e Oeaio?aeueii-*a?iicaiiui ?aeiiaie ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
I?e?iaeiua oneiaey aeinoaoi/ii aeaaii?eyoiu aeey ?acaeoey oicyenoaa.
Oa??eoi?ey ?aeiia aoiaeeo a eaninoaiioth ciio, iacia/eoaeueiay /anoue
iaoiaeeony a i?aaeaeao ciiu niaoaiiuo eania (naaa? Noineie iaeanoe) e
noaiiie ciiu (tha Iieoaaneie e Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoae).
Ii oa?aeoa?o ?aeueaoa yoi ?aaieiiua i?ino?ainoaa — I?eaeiai?ianeay
ieciaiiinoue e io?iae N?aaeia?onneie aicauoaiiinoe.
?aeii iaeaaeaao aeinoaoi/ii ?aciiia?aciuie i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie:
oiieeaiua i?aaenoaaeaiu Aeiai?ianei-Aeiiaoeeie iaooaaaciiiniie
i?iaeioeeae (Oaaaeeineia, Caiaaeii-E?anoeuaineia, Ao?aiianeia.
Ea/aiianeia, ssaeiiianeia, Aiaaeeioeaaneia, Eaeyeianeia,
Aeeinei-?icauoaaneia ianoi?iaeaeaiey, a anaai aieaa 120), eaiaiiue
oaieue – ia thaa Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe (ii aua ia ?ac?aaaouaaaony), ao?ue
oaieue eiaaony ai anao iaeanoyo ?aeiia, oi?o – a Noineie e Iieoaaneie
iaeanoyo; ?oaeiua ?ano?nu iaoiaeyony a E?aiai/oaneii aeaeaci?oaeiii
?aeiia; ia?oaeiua – i?aaenoaaeaiu caianaie oinoi?eoia (Oa?ueeianeay,
Noineay iaeanoe), iaea, aeina, ecaanoiyea, eaieeia, ia?aaey, eaiaiiie
niee, a oaeaea ieia?aeueiuo aiae – «Ie?ai?iaeneay», «Aiaieaaneay»,
«Aa?acianeay».
Ia eeeiao oa??eoi?ee ?aeiia aeeytho a?eoe/aneea, aoeaioe/aneea e
eiioeiaioaeueiua oia?aiiuo oe?io aicaeooiua iannu. Auiaaeaao 400…600
ii inaaeeia a aiae, n?aaeiea oaiia?aoo?u eaoii +20°N, a ceiie -7°N.
Ii/au i?aaenoaaeaiu oeie/iuie, iaueiiaaiiuie e iiiaecieaiiuie
/a?iicaiaie.
?aeii aiaao niaoaiiuie oe?ieieenoaaiiuie eanaie (eanenoinoue a Noineie
iaeanoe ninoaaeyao 21%, ia eaninoaiiuo oa??eoi?eyo aei 12%) e
?aciio?aaiuie eaninoaiyie.
Aiaeiua ?ano?nu i?aaenoaaeaiu aiaeaie ?ae (Aeiai?, Noea, Ai?neea, Inae,
Naei, Naaa?neee Aeiiaoe, Ineie), aiaeio?aieeeu (Aeiai?iaeca?aeeineia,
Ia/aiaaeneia, E?aniiineieueneia, /anoe/ii E?aiai/oaneia), ica? (Eeiai,
Eiiniiieueneia, E?aniicaaiaeneia).
Ianaeaiea e o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu
Canaeaiea i?ienoiaeeei iaeiia?aiaiii n oi?ie?iaaieai Eeaaneie ?one.
Eiee/anoai ianaeaiey ?aeiia ninoaaeyao 12,5 % io anaai ianaeaiey
Oe?aeiu. N?aaeiyy ieioiinoue 69 /aeiaae ia 1 ei2 (yoi ieaea
iauaainoaea?noaaiiie). O?iaaiue o?aaiecaoeee ninoaaeyao 68%
(Oa?ueeianeay iaeanoue — 79, Noineay — 64, Iieoaaneay iaeanoue — 58).
E?oiiua ai?iaea: Oa?ueeia (1,6 iei. /aeiaae), Iieoaaa (335 oun.
/aeiaae), Noiu (315 oun. /aeiaae), E?aiai/oa (255 oun. /aeiaae), Eiiioii
(110 oun. /aeiaae), Oinoea (107 oun. /aeiaae), Eiciaay (81 oun.
/aeiaae), Ie?ai?iae (58 oun. /aeiaae) e ae?.
A iaoeeiiaeueiii ninoaaa i?aiaeaaeatho oe?aeioeu, ?onneea, aa?ae. Ii
eiee/anoao o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey (ieiei 3 iei. /aeiaae) ?aeii
iaoiaeeony ia o?aoueai ianoa iinea Aeiiaanna e I?eaeiai?iauey.
Oicyenoai
I?iiuoeaiiinoue e naeueneia oicyenoai
Iniiaiuie io?aneyie i?iiuoeaiiinoe yaeythony oeie/aneay, ieuaaay,
eaaeay, iaoeiino?iaiea e iaoaeeiia?aaioea. Aeaaiua i?iecaiaenoaa
iaoeiino?iaiey: yia?aaoe/aneia, o?aeoi?ino?ieoaeueiia,
naeueneioicyenoaaiiia, yeaeo?ioaoie/aneia, i?eai?ino?ieoaeueiia,
o?ainii?oiia, noaieino?ieoaeueiia, eioi?ua ?aciauaiu a Oa?ueeiaa,
E?aiai/oaa, Iieoaaa, Noiao, Eiiioiia, Eoaiao, ?iiiao.
Oeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue i?iecaiaeeo oaeia?aiey, oei?aaeoeau,
ieanoiannu, aeoaeeueiua aauanoaa, eeiioioiiaoa?eaeu, i?iaeoeou
iaooaoeiee. E?oiiaeoeie oeaio?aie yaeythony Oa?ueeia, Oinoea, Noiu,
Oaaaeeiea, E?aiai/oa
I/aiue ?acaeoa a ?aeiia i?iiuoeaiiinoue no?ieiaoa?eaeia. Caeanue
i?iecaiaeyo oeaiaio (Aaeaeeay Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe), aeaeaciaaoiiiua
eiino?oeoeee (E?aiai/oa), oa?oi?ioayiniaoth i?iaeoeoeeth (Iieoaaa, Aoaeu
Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe), ecaeaeey ec noaeea (Iieoaaa, Ia?aoa Oa?ueeianeie
iaeanoe). Aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay e iaaaeueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue
nin?aaeioi/aia a e?oiiuo ai?iaeao: Oa?ueeia, Noiu, E?aiai/oa, Iieoaaa, a
oaeaea Eoaiu.
Aeinoaoi/ii ?acaeoa eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. Io?aneue ?aaioaao eae ia
ianoiii nu?uea, oae e ia i?eaiciii. Iniai neaaeoao ioiaoeoue o?iaaiue
eiiiieaaeaeooiaie, iaoiaie, iaoaiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a oaeaea
i?iecaiaenoaa oeii/aoiaoiaaeiuo e oa?noyiuo oeaiae. Iniiaiuie oeaio?aie
yaeythony Oa?ueeia, Noiu, Iieoaaa.
Eioaineaii ?acaeaaaony a Naaa?i-Ainoi/iii ?aeiia AIE. ?anoaieaaiaenoai
niaoeeaeece?oaony ia i?iecaiaenoaa ca?iiauo, naoa?iie naaeeu,
iiaenieia/ieea. Ca?iiaua e naoa?ioth naaeeo au?aueaatho iianaianoii,
iiaenieia/iee — ia thaa e thai-ainoiea, iaiue e ea?oioaeue — aicea
e?oiiuo ai?iaeia. Yoi ioiineony oaeaea e au?aueaaieth naaeiauo e
yaiaeiuo eoeueoo?. A aeeaioiiaiaenoaa i?aiaeaaeaao iiei/ii-iyniia
neioiaiaenoai e iyninaeueiia naeiiaiaenoai. ?acaeaathony i/aeiaiaenoai e
oaeeiaiaenoai. Ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue ?aaioaao ia naeueneioicyenoaaiiii
nu?uea. Auniei?acaeouie yaeythony naoa?iay, ianeiaeaeueiay,
nu?iaeaeueiay, iiei/ii-eiina?aiay io?anee, i?iecaiaenoai aeaoneiai
ieoaiey.
O?ainii?o
Cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a ?acaeoee ?aeiia ea?aao o?ainii?o. ?acaeou
i?aeoe/anee ana aeaeu o?ainii?oa (ca eneeth/aieai ii?neiai). Iaeiaei
iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea eiatho aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue (iniaaiii a
a?ociia?aaiceao) e aaoiiiaeeueiue (iniaaiii a iannaaee?iia?aaiceao). A
?aeiia i?ieiaeaiu aieueoea o?ainii?oiua iaaeno?aee, eioi?ua eaeoo a
Noiee/iue, I?eaeiai?ianeee, Aeiiaoeeee, I?e/a?iiii?neee ?aeiiu, a oaeaea
a ?inneeneoth Oaaea?aoeeth e ?anioaeeeo Aaea?onue.
Iaae?aeiiiua yeiiiie/aneea nayce
Iniaaiiinoue yoeo naycae a oii, /oi aaic i?iaeoeoeee i?aiaeaaeaao iaae
auaicii. Auaiceo ?aeii i?e?iaeiue aac, eeiioioiiaoa?eaeu, aeaeaciua
?oaeu, o?aeoi?u, a?ociaua aaoiiiaeee, yeaeo?ii?eai?u, noaiee, oo?aeiu,
aeaeaciaaoiiiua eiino?oeoeee, i?iaeoeou iaooaia?a?aaioee, iiei/iua
i?iaeoeou, ecaeaeey oa?oi?ioayiniaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Aaicyo; oaieue e
iaoaee (ec Aeiiaoeeiai), iaoaee (ec I?eaeiai?ianeiai), ean (ec
Ea?iaoneiai e Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai), iaoeiu e iai?oaeiaaiea (ec Noiee/iiai
?aeiia), i?iaeoeoeeth eaaeie e ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe (i?aeoe/anee ec
anao ?aeiiia). Ainnoaiaaeeaathony yeiiiie/aneea nayce n Oeaio?aeueiie
?inneae.
I?iaeaiu ?acaeoey ?aeiia
· ia?aaiiia?iia oa??eoi?eaeueiia ?acaeoea (iniaaiii Noineie e Iieoaaneie
iaeanoae);
· neaaay ?aeiino?oeoeey iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoa;
· iaaeinoaoi/ii aunieee o?iaaiue yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey iaeuo ai?iaeia
e iinaeeia ai?iaeneiai oeia (iniaaiii Noineie e Iieoaaneie iaeanoae);
· a naeueneie ianoiinoe iaei aaoiaei?ia n oaa?aeui iie?uoeai;
· ?aeii eniuouaaao iaaeinoaoie yeaeo?eoeoee?iaaiiuo aeaeaciuo aei?ia;
· i?iaeaia nio?aiaiey iaiyoieeia eoeueoo?u, oo?enoe/aneeo oeaio?ia,
aaeueiaia?ycaauo eo?i?oia e o.ae.
Naaa?i-Ainoi/iue yeiiiie/aneee
?aeiipicscalex10100090000031602000002009601000000009601000026060f0022035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?iiuoe. ocaeNinoaa i?ii. oceaNiaoeeaeecaoeey, ?acaeoea e iniiaiua
i?iecaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiiai oceaOa?ueeianeeeOa?ueeia, Aea?aa/e, Ia?aoa,
Ethaioei, *oaoaa,
Iani/eiYoi e?oiiaeoee iaoeiino?ieoaeueiue ocae Oe?aeiu. Caeanue
?aaioatho i?aaei?eyoey o?aeoi?iiai e naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
iaoeiino?iaiey: II «Oa?ueeianeee o?aeoi?iue caaiae», caaiaeu o?aeoi?iuo
naiioiaeiuo oanne, «Na?i e iieio», «Oa?ueeiao?aeoi?cai/anoue»;
yia?aaoe/aneea e yeaeo?ioaoie/aneea i?aaei?eyoey: «Oa?ueeianeee
oo?aeiiue caaiae», «Yeaeo?ioyaeiao», «Yeaeo?iiaoeia», «Oaieiaaoiiao»;
i?eai?ino?ieoaeueiua e eino?oiaioaeueiua i?aaei?eyoey: «Oi/iaaei?eai?»,
«Yeaea?iauoi?eai?», «Oa?iiyeaea?i?aiiio»; i?aaei?eyoea ai?iiai e
iaoaeeo?ae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey «Naao oaooa?a»; niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua
caaiaeu — aaeineiaaeiue, Caaiae yeaeo?ia?eoa. Oeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue
i?iecaiaeeo eaee, e?anee, oei?aaeoeau, oa?iaoeaaoe/aneea i?aia?aou,
ieanoiannu (Oa?ueeianeee caaiae ieanoiann). Caeanue iaoiaeyony naiia
e?oiiia a no?aia iaoiaia iauaaeeiaiea e eaiaoiue caaiae. ?acaeou ii/oe
ana io?anee ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe: oeaaiiaea?iay, e?oiyiay, iiei/iay,
iyniay, eiiaeeoa?neay, ?aaioaao aieueoie caaiae oaiiaineeo aei.
Iieea?aoe/aneoth i?iaeoeoeeth auioneatho oaa?eee «Aeiaon», ei. I. A.
O?oica. Oa?ueeia — aaaeiaeoee o?ainii?oiue ocae: a iai noiaeeony 8
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo eeiee, anoue ay?iii?o, ooieoeeiie?otho o?e
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo e 5 aaoiaoniuo aiecaeia.IieoaaneeeIieoaaaCaeanue
?aaioatho oaeea i?aaei?eyoey: caaiaeu eneonnoaaiiuo aeiacia e aeiaciuo
eino?oiaioia, aaci?ac?yaeiuo eaii, «Yeaeo?iiioi?», oaieiaici?aiiioiue,
aaoiaa?aaaoiue, oo?aiiaoaie/aneee, II «Oe?oeiiao» e «I?iaeiao»,
iynieiiaeiao, oeiieii?yaeeeueiay oaa?eea, iiiai i?aaei?eyoee ii auioneo
iyniie, iiei/iie, eiiaeeoa?neie, ieiaeiiaiuiie, oeaaiiaea?iie
i?iaeoeoeee.E?aiai/oan-eeeE?aiai/oa, Eiiniiieuene, E?theiaIiuiua
iaoeiino?ieoaeueiua caaiaeu: II «AaoiE?AC», E?theianeee
aaaiiino?ieoaeueiue, caaiae aei?iaeiuo iaoei; a Eiiniiieuenea
ai?ii-iaiaaoeoaeueiue eiiaeiao (iaiaauaiea aeaeaciie ?oaeu), e?oiiua
i?aaei?eyoey oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe: iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae e
caaiae oaoie/aneiai oaea?iaea; i?aaei?eyoey eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe:
iaoaiia, oaaeiia, o?eeioaaeiia i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey e
eiaeaaaiii-oi?iue eiiaeiao. E?aiai/oa — yoi ?a/iie ii?o e
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue ocae.
Yoi eiaeono?eaeueii ?acaeoue ?aeii n oaeiaiui yeiiiieea – aaia?aoe/aneei
iieiaeaieai. Ia i?iiuoeaiiinoue i?eoiaeeony 75% aaeiaiai i?iaeoeoa
?aaeiia. Ii caieiaao o?aouea ianoi ca ?acaeoeai i?iiuoeaiiinoe e
noieiinoueth iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, aaea nin?aaeioi/aiii
20% iaoeiino?iaiea Oe?aeiu.
Aeaiiue ?aeii oa?aeoa?ecoaony aeaaii?eyoiuie i?e?iaeii-eeeiaoe/aneeie
oneiaeyie, cia/eoaeueiuie caianaie iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo. 65,9% ianaeaiea
i?iaeeaaao a ai?iaeao, eioi?ia iauyniyaony iaee/eai eioaineaiiai
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iniiaiuie iaeanoyie yaeythony iaoeiino?iaiey, iaoaeeiia?aaaouaathuay,
ieuaaay, oeie/aneay, eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. Iaoeiino?iaiea au?aaaouaaao
35% aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee ?aaeiia. Nin?aaeioi/aiii iaoeiino?iaiea a
Oa?ueeiaa (yia?aaoe/aneia e yeaeo?ioaoie/aneia), Iieoaaa (caaiae
yeaeo?ioaoie/aneeo ecaeaeee, aaci?ac?yaeiuo eaii), Aeooia (yeaeo?iiiua e
aa?aaaoiua oceu), E?aiai/oa (o?ainii?oiia iaoeiino?iaiea), ae?oaea. Ca
iaoeiino?iaieai ca noaiaiueth aaaeiinoe eaeoo ieuaaay oa eaaeay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue. ?acaeoua no?ieoaeuenoai, aaciaay,
aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay, iaaaeueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Aaaeaony eioaineaiia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai ia 5959,9 oun. aa caiaeue. Aeeeia
aeaeaciuo aei?ia – 3198ei., aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia (n oaa?aeui iie?uoeai)
– 7,0 oun. ei. A ?aeiia ?acaeoay iai?iecaiaenoaaiiay noa?a e
?ae?aaoeeiiiue eiiieaen.
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