Aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea
A?aceeey — naiia aieueoia ainoaea?noai Eaoeineie Aia?eee, caieiaao ii/oe
iieiaeio eiioeiaioa. Noieeoea — A?aceeea. Ia naaa?a a?aie/eo n
Aaianoyeie, Aaeaiie, No?eiaiii, O?aioeocneie Aaeaiie, ia thaa — n
O?oaaaai, ia caiaaea — n A?aaioeiie, Ia?aaaaai, Aieeaeae e Ia?o, ia
naaa?i-caiaaea — n Eieoiaeae. Ia naaa?a e ainoiea iiuaaaony aiaeaie
Aoeaioe/aneiai ieaaia. Oa??eoi?ey — 8.514.215,3 ei?., /oi ninoaaeyao 5,7
% io ieiuaaee anae nooe ie?a. A?aceeey — iyoay ii aaee/eia no?aia ie?a
(iinea ?innee, Eaiaaeu, Eeoay e Niaaeei?iiuo Ooaoia Aia?eee).
A?aceeey auea eieiieae Ii?ooaaeee n iiiaioa aunaaeee Iaae?o Aeaa?aoa
Eaa?aea ia aa?aao THaeiie Aia?eee a 1500 aiaeo aei iauyaeaiey
iacaaeneiinoe a 1822 aiaeo a aeaea A?aceeueneie eiia?ee. A?aceeey noaea
?anioaeeeie a 1889 aiaeo, oioy aeaooiaeaoiue ia?eaiaio, naaiaeiy
iacuaaaiue Eiia?annii, ooiaeeo ei?iyie e 1824 aiaeo, eiaaea auea
?aoeoeoee?iaaia ia?aay eiinoeoooeey. Oaeouay eiinoeoooeey ii?aaeaeyao
A?aceeeth eae Oaaea?aoeaioth ?anioaeeeo, yaeythuothny nithcii
Oaaea?aeueiiai ie?oaa, 26 ooaoia e 5 564 ioieoeeiaeeoaoia.
A?aceeey eiaao ainueioth ii aaee/eia iiieiaeueiiai AAI yeiiiieeo a
ie?a[7] e aeaayooth ii AAI, ?ann/eoaiiiio ii ia?eoaoo iieoiaoaeueiie
niiniaiinoe[8]. Yeiiiie/aneea ?aoi?iu i?eianee no?aia iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
i?eciaiea.[9] A?aceeey ninoieo a oaeeo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo,
eae III, G20, Ia?eino? e Nithc thaeiiaia?eeaineeo iaoeee, a oaeaea
yaeyaony iaeiie ec no?ai A?EE.
Cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia eoeueoo?o no?aiu ieacaea Ii?ooaaeey, auaoay
iao?iiieey. Ioeoeeaeueiui e i?aeoe/anee aaeeinoaaiiui ?acaiai?iui ycueii
no?aiu yaeyaony ii?ooaaeueneee. Ii aa?ieniiaaaeaieth aieueoeinoai
a?aceeueoeaa — eaoieeee, /oi aeaeaao A?aceeeth no?aiie n naiui aieueoei
eaoiee/aneei ianaeaieai a ie?a.
Ieiuaaeue (n ino?iaaie) 8512 oun. ei?.
Enoi?ey
Ia?aua ethaee iiyaeeenue ia oa??eoi?ee A?aceeee, ii ?aciui oai?eyi,
iaaeaeo 17 oun. e 6 oun. eao aei i. y. O?iaaiue ?acaeoey ia aue aunieei,
ianaeaiea A?aceeee inoaaaeinue ia noaaeee iaieeoa. A?aceeey auea ioe?uoa
24 ai?aey 1500 aiaea ii?ooaaeueneei ii?aieaaaoaeai Iaae?o Aeaa?aoai
Eaa?aeii. A 1533 aiaeo ia/aeanue ii?ooaaeueneay eieiiecaoeey A?aceeee,
aa?aa eioi?ie aue ?acaeae?i ia 15 eaieoainoa. Ia i?ioyaeaiee neaaeothueo
o?ao noieaoee yoa oa??eoi?ey auea ianaeaia ii?ooaaeueoeaie e noaea
aaaeiui yenii?oa?ii nia/aea aeaei?aoeaiuo ii?iae ae?aaaneiu, caoai
naoa?iiai o?inoieea, eioa e, iaeiiaoe, cieioa. Aaaeiui enoi/ieeii
o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia auee ?aau: nia/aea — eiaeaeoeu, a iinea 1550 aiaea —
i?aeiouanoaaiii caaac?iiua ao?eeaioeu. A 1549 aiaeo ii?ooaaeueneea
aeaaeaiey a A?aceeee auee iai?yioth iiae/eiaiu ei?ieth Ii?ooaaeee.
Iaianoieeii ii?ooaaeueneiai ei?iey noae aaia?ae-eaieoai, ?aceaeaioeey
eioi?iai iaoiaeeeanue a Naeaaaei?a. A 1574 aiaeo aue i?eiyo oeac,
cai?auathuee i?aa?auaiea ianoiuo eiaeaeoeaa a ?aaia. Yoi i?eaaei e
ianniaiio caaico iaa?ia-?aaia ec Ao?eee. A 1640 aiaeo aue iacia/ai
ia?aue aeoea-ei?ieue A?aceeee ia?eec aea Iiioaeaai. 1763 — Noieeoeae
A?aceeee noaiiaeony ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i. A 1806 aiaeo ii?ooaaeueneee
ei?ieue AEoai VI aaaeae a A?aceeeth io Iaiieaiia. Iinea aica?auaiey
iooea a Ii?ooaaeeth a 1821 aiaeo aai nui Iaae?i inoaaaeny a A?aceeee
?aaaioii, a 7 naioya?y 1822 aiaea i?iaicaeanee iacaaeneiinoue io
iao?iiieee e iauyaee naay eiia?aoi?ii A?aceeueneie eiia?ee iiae eiaiai
Iaae?o I. Aio ianeaaeiaae nui, Iaae?o II, eioi?ue i?aaee aei 1889 aiaea,
eiaaea auea i?iaicaeaoaia ?anioaeeea (ioeoeeaeueiia iacaaiea —
«?anioaeeea Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia A?aceeee»). Ca aiae aei yoiai, a 1888
aiaeo, a A?aceeee auei ioiaiaii ?aanoai. A iicaeieo aiaeao XIX aaea e
ia/aea XX A?aceeey i?eaeaeea aieaa /ai 5 ieeeeiiia aa?iiaeneeo e
yiiineeo eiiea?aioia.
A 1930—1934 e a 1937—1945 aiaeao aeeeoaoo?u Aa?aana. A 1964 aiaeo a
no?aia aue niaa?o?i aiaiiue ia?aai?io, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai e aeanoe
i?eo?e ia?oae Eanoaei A?aiei. Yoi aue o?aoee aeeeoaoi?neee ?aaeei ca
anth enoi?eth A?aceeee. Ii i?inouanoaiaae aei 1985 aiaea.A 1999 aiaeo
no?aio ioaaoee oeiainiaue e?ecen.
2006 aiae, 11—16 iay — aieia ianeeey a eiaeono?eaeueiii ai?iaea
Nai-Iaoeo. Nou/ee e?eieiaeueiuo a?oiie?iaie e iieeoeee i?eaaee e aeaaee
150 /aeiaae, aeeth/ay 40 iieeoeaeneeo. Iyoaaeieee (Ia?aay noiee/iay
eiiaiaea) iiaeaeeaaee aaoiaonu, aoaeiaaee aaiee e iieeoeaeneea o/anoee,
ono?aeaaee ia?ano?aeee ia noaioeeyo iao?i
Iieeoeea
Ii oi?ia i?aaeaiey A?aceeey yaeyaony i?aceaeaioneie ?anioaeeeie, aeaaie
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe yaeyaony i?aceaeaio, eioi?ue ecae?aaony ia 4
aiaea n i?aaii iineaaeothuaai ia?aeca?aiey.
Aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii yaeyaony Iaoeeiiaeueiue eiia?ann,
ninoiyuee ec aeaoo iaeao: oaaea?aeueiiai Naiaoa (81 ianoi) e Iaeaou
aeaiooaoia (513 iano).
Aunoay noaeaaiay aeanoue — Aa?oiaiue Oaaea?aeueiue Noae, eioi?ue
ioaa/aao ca i?aaeeueiinoue oieeiaaiey e i?eiaiaiey Eiinoeoooeee
A?aceeee.
Iacaaeneiinoue
No?aieaiea ionoaeaaoue iieeoe/aneoth iacaaeneiinoue iiyaeeinue o
A?aceeee au? a ia/aea XVIII aaea, a eieiieaeueioth yiioo. A oi a?aiy
Ii?ooaaeey auea ainiiaenoaothuae noi?iiie, a Aiaeey inoaaaeanue iniiaiui
iio?aaeoaeai oiaa?ia, i?iecaiaeeiuo a ii?ooaaeueneie eieiiee.
A 1808 aiaeo Iaiieaii ia/ae caoaaoie/aneoth aieio i?ioea Ii?ooaaeee,
aneaaenoaea /aai ii?ooaaeueneee ei?ieue Aeii AEoai VI ni aeai?ii
ia?aaoae a ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i.
I?aauaaiea ei?iey a A?aceeee iicaieeei ae i?eaeeceoue iacaaeneiinoue.
Oaea a 1815 aiaeo eieiieaeueiue noaoon A?aceeee aue ioiaiai, e iia aioea
a ninoaa Iauaaeeiaiiiai Ei?ieaanoaa ia ?aaiuo i?aaao n Ii?ooaaeeae.
A 1821 aiaeo ei?ieue Aeii AEoai VI aa?ioeny a Eennaaii, inoaaea a
?ei-aea-AEaiae?i naiaai ianeaaeieea, iaaeaeea aai oeooeii aeoea-ei?iey,
eioi?ue 7 naioya?y 1822 aiaea e i?iaicaeanee iacaaeneiinoue A?aceeee eae
eiia?ee, oi?aeanoaaiii ei?iiiaaaoenue 1 aeaeaa?y 1822 iiae eiaiai
eiia?aoi?a Iaae?o I.
Oae A?aceeey noaea eiia?eae ai aeaaa n Aeiiii Iaae?o I, eioi?ue i?e yoii
i?iaeieaeae inoaaaoueny ianeaaeieeii ii?ooaaeueneiai i?anoiea.
A A?aceeee 7 naioya?y ioeoeeaeueii ia?aai/ee aeaiue. A?aceeueoeu
iniaaiii oaaaeeoaeueii ioiinyony e aeaiiiio i?acaeieeo. A noieeoea
A?aceeea iau/ii i?ioiaeeo i?acaeie/iue ia?aae, ia eioi?ii i?enoonoaoao
i?aaeoaeuenoai no?aiu ai aeaaa n i?aceaeaioii.
Auai?u
Auae?athony i?aceaeaio e aeoea-i?aceaeaio ?anioaeeee. N?ie iieiiii/ee —
4 aiaea. I?aaeuaeouea auai?u ninoiyeenue 1 ieoya?y 2006 a. Aeaenoaothuee
i?aceaeaio — Eoen Eianeo Eoea aea Neeaa (Luiz Inacio «Lula» da Silva).
Aeaenoaothuee aeoea-i?aceaeaio AEica Aeaiea? (Jose Alencar).
?inney
28 yiaa?y 2006 aiaea ?inney e A?aceeey caaa?oeee aeaonoi?iiiea
ia?aaiai?u i i?eniaaeeiaiee ?innee e AOI e iiaeienaee niioaaonoaothuaa
niaeaoaiea. A iiya?a 2008 aiaea ai a?aiy aeceoa i?aceaeaioa ?innee
Iaaeaaaeaaa a A?aceeeth auei iiaeienaii iaaei?aaeoaeuenoaaiiia
niaeaoaiea, onoaiaaeeaathuaa aacaeciaue ?aaeei iiacaeie a?aaeaeai ?innee
e A?aceeee ae?oa e ae?oao ia n?ie aei 90 aeiae. Niaeaoaiea aeieaeii
anooieoue a neeo iinea caaa?oaiey anao aioo?eainoaea?noaaiiuo i?ioeaaeo?
ii aai ?aoeoeeaoeee a ?innee e a A?aceeee. Oaeea i?ioeaaeo?u auiieiaiu
?inneeneie noi?iiie e oaa?aeth 2009 aiaea.
Aaeieieno?aoeaiia ono?ienoai
A?aceeey ?acaeaeyaony ia 26 ooaoia e 1 oaaea?aeueiue (noiee/iue) ie?oa.
E?iia yoiai, nouanoaoao aieaa e?oiiia aeaeaiea no?aiu — ia ?aaeiiu.
Naaa?iue ?aaeii
Naaa?i-ainoi/iue ?aaeii
Oeaio?aeueii-caiaaeiue ?aaeii
THai-ainoi/iue ?aaeii
THaeiue ?aaeii
A?aceeey i?aaieciaaia ii oaaea?aeueiie iiaeaee, ooaou A?aceeee eiatho
cia/eoaeueioth aaoiiiieth i?aaeoaeuenoaa, caeiiioai?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe e iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
I?aaeoaeuenoai ooaoa aicaeaaeyao aoaa?iaoi?, eca?aiiue i?yiui
aieiniaaieai; eaaeaeue ooao eiaao naie caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai .
Eaaeaeue ooao aeaeeony ia ioieoeeiaeeoaou, eaaeaeue ni naiei nianoaaiiui
caeiiiaeaoaeueiui niaaoii e iy?ii, aaoiiiiiua e ea?a?oe/anee iacaaeneiua
ie io oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa, ie io i?aaeoaeuenoaa ooaoa. Iiiaea
ioieoeeiaeeoaoia a naith i/a?aaeue aeaeyony ia ie?oaa, eioi?ua ia eiatho
iieeoe/aneie eee aaeieieno?aoeaiie aaoiiiiee. A?oiia ianeieueeeo
ioieoeeiaeeoaoia eiaao iacaaiea ioieoeeiaeueiiai ?aeiia — Comarca.
A 1986 aiaeo A?aceeey iauyaeea i «ciia eioa?ania a Aioa?eoeea».
Ianaeaiea
*eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey — 198,7 iei (ioeaiea ia etheue 2009, 6-a ianoi a
ie?a).
Aiaeiaie i?e?ino — 1,2 % (oa?oeeueiinoue — 2,2 ?iaeaeaiee ia aeaiueio).
N?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie — 68 eao o ioae/ei, 76 eao o
aeaiuei.
Ca?aae?iiinoue ae?onii eiioiiaeaoeoeeoa (AE*) — 0,6 % (ioeaiea ia 2007
aiae).
Yoii-?aniaue ninoaa — aaeua 53,7 %, ioeaou 38,5 %, iaa?u 6,2 %, ae?oaea
(a oii /enea yiiioeu, a?aau, eiaeaeoeu e i?.) 1,6 % (ii ia?aiene 2000
aiaea).
sscuee — ii?ooaaeueneee (ioeoeeaeueiue e naiue ?ani?ino?ai?iiue), oaeaea
eniieuecothony eniaineee, iaiaoeeee, eoaeueyineee, yiiineee, aiaeeeneee
e eiaeaeneea ycuee.
?aeeaee — eaoieeee (iiieiaeueii) 73,6 %, i?ioanoaiou 15,4 %,
nie?eooaeenou 1,3 %, aaioo/aoaeo 0,3 %, ae?oaea 2 %, aoaenou 7,4 % (ii
ia?aiene 2000 aiaea).
A?aiioiinoue — 89 % (ioeaiea 2004 aiaea).
?aeeaey
Noaooy O?enoa-Eneoieoaey a ai?iaea ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i
Iniiaiay noaouey: ?aeeaey a A?aceeee
Ieiei 74 % ianaeaiey no?aiu — i?eaa?aeaioeu ?einei-eaoiee/aneie oea?eae,
/oi aeaeaao A?aceeeth iaeiie ec naiuo eaoiee/aneeo no?ai ie?a.
Ieiei 15 % io anao aeeoaeae eniiaaaeoao i?ioanoaioeci. Iineaaeiaaoaeae
nie?eoecia 1,3 % (ieiei 2,3 ieeeeiiia /aeiaae).
Ao?eeaineea o?aaeeoeeiiiua ?aeeaee, oaeea eae Candomble, Macumba, e
oiaaiaea — neaaeothuay iaeaieueoay a?oiia.
Anoue i?eaeeceoaeueii 900 000 iineaaeiaaoaeae Ii?iiiia ii anae no?aia,
eee 0,5 % ianaeaiey.
Anoue i?eaeeceoaeueii 680 000 Naeaeaoaeae Eaaiau [11].
Anoue i?eaeeceoaeueii 120 000 /eaiia aa?aeneiai niiauanoaa (0,065 %
anaai ianaeaiey), eo iaueiu ?aniieiaeaiu a iniiaiii a e?oiiuo ai?iaeao
Nai-Iaoeo e ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i, ia?iueoea ii /eneaiiinoe iaueiu
?aniieiaeaiu a A?aceeea, Eo?eoeaa, Ii?oo-Aeaa?e
A?aceeey — no?aia n iaeaieueoei /eneii aa?othueo aceaoneeo ?aeeaee a
Caiaaeiii ie?a. Aoaeaeeci, neioi e ae?oaea aceaoneea ?aeeaee oaeaea
eiatho aieueoia /enei noi?iiieeia.
Anoue i?eaeeceoaeueii 28 000 ionoeueiai, /oi ninoaaeyao 0,015 % io anaai
ianaeaiey.
Ioaeaeueiua ethaee i?aeoeeotho neie?aoe/aneea eoeueou (nianue ?acee/iuo
?aeeaee, iai?eia?, eaoieeoeecia e ianoiuo ?aeeaee eiaeaeoeaa).
Eoeueoo?a A?aceeee
Eoeueoo?a A?aceeee ia/aea oi?ie?iaaoueny e oi?ie?oaony ii nae aeaiue eae
nianue ?aciiia?aciuo enoi?e/aneeo o?aaeeoeee ia?iaeia, ninoaaeythueo
a?aceeueneoth iaoeeth.
Aeiieie?othuei inoaaony ii?ooaaeueneia ia/aei — a?aceeueoeu aiai?yo ia
iaiiiai eciai?iiii ii?ooaaeueneii, i?aiaeaaeaao eaoieeoeeci — iniiaiay
?aeeaey ii?ooaaeueoeaa, oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiu iau/ae ia?auo
iinaeaioeaa-eieiiecaoi?ia. Iaeiaei aannii?ii e aeeyiea eiaeaeoeaa e
ao?eeaioeaa. Oe?iei ?ani?ino?ai?i ycue ooie-aoa?aie: a XVI a.
nayuaiieee-ienneiia?u ia?aeiaeeee ia iaai eaoaoecen e eniieueciaaee aeey
aaaeaiey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ia naaa?a A?aceeee.
Aeiaieueii iiiai neia a nia?aiaiiii ycuea eiatho eiaeaeneia
i?ienoiaeaeaiea. Aeeyiea eiaeaeneie eoeueoo?u iniaaiii caiaoii a
Aiaciiee, a neaaeu ao?eeaineie eoeueoo?u aieueoa i?ineaaeeaathony ia
iiaa?aaeuea A?aceeee, ia/eiay n ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i.
Ao?eeaineia aeeyiea caiaoii a a?aceeueneie iiioey?iie iocuea, iniaaiii a
?eoie/iie naiaa. Iiieii ao?eeaineeo ?eoiia, a?aceeueneay iocuea
iaoiaeeeanue iiae aeeyieyi aaeuena, iieueee, oiou — aa?iiaeneeo
iocueaeueiuo aeai?ia, i?eaac?iiuo eieiiecaoi?ai e ia?anaeaioeaie. I?eia?
iiaeiaiiai niaoaiey — iocuea a?aceeueneiai eiiiiceoi?a-eeanneea Yeoi?a
Aeeea-Eiaina, eioi?ue eniieueciaae a naieo i?iecaaaeaieyo ao?eeaineea,
eiaeaeneea e ii?ooaaeueneea iaeiaeee.
A nia?aiaiiie a?aceeueneie iocuea ni/aoathony ?eoiu naiau e
naaa?iaia?eeaineeo e a?eoaineeo iiioey?iuo ianai. Oaioeaaaeueiia
eneonnoai ia?ac?uaii neaaeiaaei ia i?ioyaeaiee anae enoi?ee A?aceeee ca
iocueie. Iiioey?iue oaiaoe naiaa — ia aaeeinoaaiiia i?iyaeaiea
oaioeaaaeueiie eoeueoo?u A?aceeee. A?aceeueneea oaioei?u anaaaea
aieiaoaeueii eco/aee e eniieueciaaee oaioeaaaeueiua iaoiaeee e
o?aaeeoeee e?oiiaeoeo oeie ie?a, iaeiia?aiaiii iauaaeeiyy eo n
iaoeeiiaeueiie naiiauoiinoueth oaioea, /oi nicaeaei iienoeia
iaen/a?iaaiue enoi/iee aeey e?aaoeaiinoe e naiiau?aaeaiey. N?aaee naiuo
ciaiaieouo oeie oaioea A?aceeee — aaeao «Noaaeeoi» (Stagium) e «A?oiia
Ei?io» (Grupo Corpo).
Nia?aiaiiay a?aceeueneay eooiy i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aano?iiiie/aneee
neioac, noi?ie?iaaaoeeny iiae aeeyieai aa?iiaeneie, i?aaeaea anaai
ii?ooaaeueneie, eiaeaeneie e ao?eeaineie eoeeia?iuo o?aaeeoeee.
Eoeeia?iia ianeaaeea Ii?ooaaeee naaiaeiy io?aaeaaony a aoeyoao,
i?eaioiaeaiiuo a iaeiii ai?oea, a aea?aiii ia a?eea iyna e neaaeeeo
aeana?oao ia iniiaa yeoe, a oaeaea a iaaueao i?eaioiaeaiey nu?ia e
eii/aiee iyna. Ii?ooaaeueneia aeeyiea oaeaea caiaoii a eniieueciaaiee
oaeeo eia?aaeeaioia, eae nieaiay o?anea, /aniie, ieeaee, aeaa e
ieiaeaeue. Eoeeia?iua o?aaeeoeee aia?eeaineeo eiaeaeoeaa,
ia?aiia/aeueiuo aeeoaeae eiioeiaioa, iaaethaeathony a iau/ayo
i?eaioiaeaiey i?iaeoeoia, oa?aeoa?iuo aeey THaeiie Aia?eee. Ao?eeaineea
?aau, caaac?iiua a A?aceeeth a XVII aaea aeey ?aaiou ia naoa?iuo
ieaioaoeeyo, i?eaacee n niaie iaeueiiaia ianei, eiein, nooaiua e?aaaoee,
ieaioaei, aaieth e i?eaeiaeueiua ao?eeaineea ?aoeaiou. Iicaeiaa, cieioay
eeoi?aaeea, a oaeaea ?aceiiaue e eioaeiue aoi niinianoaiaaee i?eoieo
eiiea?aioia ec Eoaeee, Aa?iaiee, Eeoay e ssiiiee e eo eoeeia?iuo
o?aaeeoeee. E?iia yoiai, eooiy eaaeaeiai ?aaeiia A?aceeee eiaao naie
iniaaiiinoe, noi?ie?iaaiiua enoi?eae e aaia?aoe/aneei iieiaeaieai.
A a?oeoaeoo?a A?aceeey, oaeaea enoi?e/anee iaoiaeeaoayny iiae aeeyieai
eoeueoo?u eieiiecaoi?ia, i?ioea /a?ac ?acee/iua oacu a iieneao naiae
eaeaioe/iinoe. Io aa?ieei e ?ieiei, niaoaaoenue n eiaeaeneeie iioeaaie e
o?iie/aneeie oaiaie, naaiaeiy a?aceeueneay neoeueioo?a e a?oeoaeoo?a
i?eciaiu ai anai ie?a aeaaiaea?y iaiiaoi?eiiio eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiio noeeth
e iinoiyiiiio iiaaoi?noao aaoi?ia, naiui y?eei i?eia?ii eioi?iio noae
ai?iae A?aceeea, nicaeaiiue Inea?ii Ieiaea?ii e Eoenei Einoie.
Ooaeiaeanoaaiiia eneonnoai, eae e a?oeoaeoo?a, eiaao naith aiaaooth
enoi?eth, ia/eiaynue n i?eieoeaiuo ianeaeueiuo ?enoieia aei
aicieeiiaaiey a XVIII aaea iaoeeiiaeueiie oeieu aeeaiiene, aeinoeaoae
ie?iaiai i?eciaiey a XIX aaea aeaaiaea?y ?aaioai A. Aeueiaeaeu e
nio?aieaoae neaao aei naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy: eiaiii a?aceeueneea
ooaeiaeieee Aee Eaaaeeaine e Eaiaeeaeo Ii?oeia?e auee oaeinoiaiu /anoe
oe?aneoue oanaaeioth noaio ?aceaeaioeee III a Iueth-Ei?ea. N 1951 a
Nai-Iaoeo eaaeaeua aeaa aiaea i?iaiaeeony iaaeaeoia?iaeiay
ooaeiaeanoaaiiay aunoaaea, i?eaeaeathuay ooaeiaeieeia ec aieaa /ai 50
no?ai ie?a.
A?aceeueneay eeoa?aoo?a aianea aieueoee aeeaae a ie?iaoth eoeueoo?o, /ai
ii?iaeeaoay a? ii?ooaaeueneay. Iaeaieaa ecaanoiu ienaoaee E. Ia/aaei
(ienaoaeue XIX aaea), AE. O?ae?a (ienaoaeue XX aaea), A. ?aiin, AE.
Aiaaeo, Y. Aa?enneii. Anaie?ii ecaanoia A?aceeueneay Eeoa?aoo?iay
Aeaaeaiey a ?ei-aea-AEaiae?i.
I?eaey a A?aceeeth anei?a iinea ecia?aoaiey, naaiaeiy iaoeeiiaeueiue
eeiaiaoia?ao i?iaeieaeaao naia oniaoiia oanoaea ii ie?o. Ia/eiaynue n
eeiieiiaaeee «oaoaaean» iaeiie ec ia?auo eeiinooaeee «Aoeaioeaea»,
i?ieaey /a?ac yiioo «iiaiai eeii» Aeaoaa?a ?ioe (Glauber Rocha),
aeaeaeaiea «aiaeaa?aoiae» e aei naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy, enoi?ey
a?aceeueneiai eeiaiaoia?aoa eaaeaeiai ia?eiaea aiaaoa iiiai/eneaiiuie
i?aieyie naiuo i?anoeaeiuo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eeiioanoeaaeae. «Ieaaeoae
nano?ie» o?aaeeoeeiiiuo eeiioeeueiia yaeyaony eiaeono?ey oaeaiiaaee,
eioi?ay nae/an i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeaaioneoth oaa?eeo «iueueiuo iia?»,
yenii?oe?oaiuo ai iiiaea no?aiu ie?a.
Ia?iiiue oai?/aneee iioaioeeae iaoeee au?aceeny a ao?iii ?acaeoee a
naaiaeiyoiae A?aceeee nia?aiaiiuo aeaeia eneonnoaa: ?aeeaia, iiaea,
eaiaeoaooiue e eiaeono?eaeueiue aeecaei. A?aceeueneea aeecaeia?u oniaoii
eiieo?e?otho ni naieie ecaanoiaeoeie eieeaaaie ec Aa?iiu e NOA.
Aeeieiiaoe/aneea ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ?inneae e A?aceeeae onoaiiaeaiu 3
ieoya?y 1828 a. A 1998 a. a iaaeo no?aiao auei oi?aeanoaaiii ioia/aii
170-eaoea onoaiiaeaiey aeeiioiioaiee. A 90-o aiaeao XIX aaea A?aceeey
auea aaeeinoaaiiie eaoeiiaia?eeaineie no?aiie, n eioi?ie ?inney
iiaeaea?aeeaaea ?aaoey?iua oi?aiaua nayce.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a A?aceeeth iinoaaeythony oaeia?aiey, yoeeiaue nie?o,
naaaeaii?iaeaiay ?uaa, aaoiiiaeee AAC, oioiaiia?aou, iiaeoeiieee e o.ae.
Iniiao eiii?oa ec A?aceeee ninoaaeytho naeueneioi cyenoaaiiua e
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua oiaa?u: ?anoai?eiue eioa, naoa?, eaeai-aiau e
eaeai-i?iaeoeou, niaaue o?io, iaoaue.
Eiaanoeoeeiiiia nio?oaeie/anoai ioaaouaaao oe?ieee e?oa i?iaeoia,
iaeiaei aai iauai inoaaony iaaieueoei. Iaiaoeeenue aiciiaeiinoe o/anoey
?inneeneeo i?aaiecaoeee a i?iaeoao ii no?ieoaeuenoao e iiaea?iecaoeee
aeaeaciuo aei?ia, i?ieeaaeea aaci- e i?iaeoeoii?iaiaeia, ?anoe?aieth
ii?neeo ii?oia, no?ieoaeuenoao e??eaaoeeiiiuo nii?oaeaiee. A?aceeueneay
noi?iia i?iyaeyao caeioa?aniaaiiinoue a o/anoee ?innee a
aeiiai?oaeiaaiee einiiae?iia “Aeeaioa?a”. Iao/ii-oaoie/aneia
nio?oaeie/anoai iaoiaeeony ia ia/aeueiii yoaia, oioy, o/eouaay o?iaaiue
eiaeono?eaeueiiai ?acaeoey aeaoo ainoaea?noa, eiaao aanueia
aeaaii?eyoiua ia?niaeoeau.
Inouanoaeyaony nio?oaeie/anoai a iaeanoe aicaeooiiai o?ainii?oa.
Eoeueoo?iua nayce ?acaeaathony ia iniiaa Niaeaoaiey i eoeueoo?iii
nio?oaeie/anoaa.
No?oeoo?a oiaa?iiai?ioa
Ii aeaiiui Nae?aoa?eaoa aiaoiae oi?aiaee Ieienoa?noaa ?acaeoey,
i?iiuoeaiiinoe e aiaoiae oi?aiaee A?aceeee, ?inneenei-a?aceeueneee
oiaa?iiai?io, ii eoiaai ia?eiaea yiaa?ue-ia?o 2010 aiaea, ninoaaee
1383,1 iei. aeiee., a oii /enea ?inneeneee yenii?o aeinoea – 284,0 iei.
aeiee., eiii?o – 1099,1 iei. aeiee.
Iniiao ?inneeneiai yenii?oa i?iaeieaeatho ninoaaeyoue ieia?aeueiua
oaeia?aiey, a /anoiinoe, oei?eae eaeey – 331,3 oun. o ia 62,6 iei.
aeiee., ii/aaeia – 236,5 oun. o ia 54,4 iei. aeiee., i?oioinoao aiiiiey
149,3 oun. o ia noiio 40,1 iei. aeiee.,
Iniiao ?inneeneiai eiii?oa ec A?aceeee ninoaaeytho i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua
oiaa?u e naeueneioicyenoaaiiia nu?uea, a /anoiinoe, naoa?-nu?aoe –
1648,5 oun. o ia 435,6 iei. aeiee., naeieia – 83,6 oun. o ia 187,3 iei.
aeiee., aiayaeeia – 87,1 oun. o ia 177,1 iei. aeiee., iyni aeiiaoiae
ioeoeu – 87,5 oun. o ia 89,2 iei. aeiee., eioa ?anoai?eiue – 3,6 oun. o
ia 23,9 iei. aeiee.
Ca ia?eiae yiaa?ue-ia?o 2010 aiaea, ?inneenei-a?aceeueneee oiaa?iiai?io
ninoaaee 744,1 iei. aeiee. NOA ii n?aaiaieth n 434,9 iei. aeiee. NOA ca
aiaeiae/iue ia?eiae 2009 aiaea (i?e?ino ia 71,1%), a oii /enea
?inneeneee yenii?o ninoaaee 182,7 iei. aeiee. NOA i?ioea 116,5 iei.
aeiee. NOA (i?e?ino ia 56,8%) e ?inneeneee eiii?o – 561,4 iei. aeiee.
NOA ii n?aaiaieth n 318,4 iei. aeiee. NOA (i?e?ino ia 76,3%).
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