Aeieeaae ia oaio «?anoeoaeueiue ie? E?aniiaea?neiai e?ay»
o/aieoeu 6 «A” eeanna
aeiiacee 36
Eo?aeiaie Niouee.
?anoeoaeueiue ie? E?aniiaea?neiai e?ay.
Ii aeaiiui o/aiuo, a E?aniiaea?neii e?aa ano?a/aaony aieaa 3000 aeaeia
?anoaiee. Yoi naycaii n aaia?aoe/aneei iieiaeaieai, iiiaiia?aceai oi?i
?aeueaoa e eeeiaoe/aneeie oneiaeyie. Iniiaiuie oeiaie ?anoeoaeueiinoe a
e?aa yaeythony ?aaieiiay e ai?iay. Iineieueeo ?aaieiiay /anoue e?ay
?aniieiaeaia a iniiaiii a noaiyo, aeey iaa oa?aeoa?ai o?aayienoue oei
?anoaiee.
?anoeoaeueiinoue ?aaieiiie /anoe.
Iaoe?ioth /anoue oa??eoi?ee a naaa?iie /anoe e?ay caieiaao noaiiay
?anoeoaeueiinoue. Iia i?ioyioeanue io a?aieoe ?inoianeie iaeanoe aei
aa?aaia ?aee Eoaaie. Nae/an a ianoao, aaea ?aiueoa i?iec?anoaee noaiiua
eiauee, iu?ae, aeea, oeiioaaaea, ia ?aniaoaiiuo caieyo ?anooo oeaa.
O?aau, iaeaaeathuea ea/aaiuie naienoaaie, niaoeeaeueii au?aueaathony ia
iieyo a ea/anoaa nu?uey aeey eaea?noaaiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Ii aa?aaai
?ae a i?ioeii ano?a/aeenue i?aoiee, aeeeee ieiaeaeue, a eieth/ee oa?i
ia?aciauaae iai?ioiaeeiua ca?inee. Iinoiyiiua au?oaee, eaniua iiaea?u
oie/oiaeeee aieueoia eiee/anoai ae?aaaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoe. Nae/an ia
aiaei?acaeaeao ?aaiei iiaeii ano?aoeoue aeoa, aoceio, oa?i, oeiiaiee,
aaeaaeeo, e o. ae. Ii aeieeiai ?ae – aa?ao, eao, /a?iue e aaeue oiiieue,
ieueoo. A i?aaeaeao Oaiaineiai iieoino?iaa oaeaea ano?a/aaony noaiiay
?anoeoaeueiinoue n i?enoonoaeai oaeoay, iieuie. Ia ian/aiuo aa?aaao
?anoao nieiaeea, neiaaieiaiee, ethoea?ia, oeiioaaaea, a eiiaaea aeaaea
iiaeii ano?aoeoue aa?aethaeueth eieth/eo. Eia-aaea ano?a/athony ?aaeeea
ca?inee aea?aaueaa e eonoa?ieeia. Ia iaoe?iuo ?aaieiao a iniiaiii
i?i?anoaao eoeueoo?iay ?anoeoaeueiinoue. I?eaciauea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ieaaie e eoaiai-aieioiua eiiieaenu. A nayce n aeinoaoi/iui oaeaaeiaieai,
eeiaiu I?eaciauey aiaaou aiaeiie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth. Iai?eia? yoi eeeey,
ieioaeiee, aiaeyiie i?ao, ?ynea, naeueaeiey e ?aciiaeaeiinoe
aiaei?ineae. Aa?aaa eeiaiia ii?inee eaiuoii, ?iaicii e eoaie, eioi?ay
aua eiaao iacaaiea iieuiue aieioiay. Iaaeaeaei io ai?iaea
I?eii?nei-Aooa?nea, aeec ioioie/ueaai oecyenoaa «Naaeee», iaoiaeeony
iaeii ec oieeaeueiuo iano, a eioi?ii ?anooo eioinu. Yoi eaea?noaaiiia
?anoaiea, a a Aaeioa e Eiaeee aai ieiaeu oiio?aaeytho a ieuo.
Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue aieio e iaeeeo eeiaiia a iaoe aeie inooaia e
eniieuecoaony aeey au?aueaaiey ?ena. O/anoee eaniuo ?anoaiee a
I?eaciauea ano?a/athony iaaeaeaei io noaieoeu Ia?ueyineie, a caiiaaaeiii
ioioie/ueai oicyenoaa E?aniue ean. Caeanue ?anooo eeai, yaeiiy, a?ooa,
oiiieue, aa?aa, eaeeia, e o. ae. Eiiaaea iiaeii ano?aoeoue aeoau a 5
iaoaaoia. Aaeieue ?onea ?aee Eoaaie e aa eaauo i?eoieia ?aniieiaeaiu
iieiaiiua eoaa n aea?aaueyie e eonoa?ieeaie. Inoaoee eania a iieia
Eoaaie oaeaea nio?aieeenue a eaniia?eiauo ciiao. N?aaee ieo Iaaeianeea e
Ee?aeceea ieaaie, eaniia?e E?aniue eoo, ?aniieiaeaiiua a iee?i?aeiiao
E?aniiaea?a.
A i?aaeaeao ai?iaeneie /a?ou a. E?aniiaea?a aieueoie eioa?an
i?aaenoaaeyao aeaiaea?ee Eoaaineiai aa?a?iiai oieaa?neoaoa. Ii iniiaai a
1959 aiaeo e caieiaao ieiuaaeue 73 aaeoa?a. A iai ian/eouaaaony 1200
aeaeia ?anoaiee, ia n/eoay o?aayienouo. Ieiei 140 aeaeia auei caaacaii
nthaea ec ?aciuo oaieeia ?innee e ae?oaeo no?ai ie?a.
?anoeoaeueiinoue Caeoaaineie ?aaieiu aei aiaoaoaeuenoaa /aeiaaea auea
oe?ieieenoaaiiuie eanaie ec aeoaa, aoea e eonoa?ieeia. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
aeieeia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie au?oaeaiiua iieiaea neeiiu. Iniiaioth /anoue
Caeoaaineie ?aaieiu ninoaaeytho naeueneioicyenoaaiiua eaiaeoaoou. Ii
aeieeiai ?ae Eoaaie, Eaau, Aaeie e eo i?eoieia ?anooo ieueoa, aa?aa,
aiy?uoiee, eaeeia, e?ooeia, oa?i, aoceia, oeiiaiee, a eia-aaea
ano?a/athony ca?inee iaeaieoe. Ia io?acea io E?aniiaea?neiai
aiaeio?aieeeua aei ai?iaea E?uinea, e thao io ?aee Eoaaiue, i?inoe?aaony
iieina Caeoaaineeo ieaaiae, eioi?ay ii/oe iieiinoueth caiyoa ?eniauie
/aeaie e iieyie aeey au?aueaaiey ae?oaeo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eoeueoo?.
Ai?iay ?anoeoaeueiinoue.
Noaiiay e eaninoaiiay ciiu ?aaieiiie /anoe e?ay niaiyaony ia thaa
oe?ieieenoaaiiuie e oaieiuie eanaie. Aei 700 iao?ia iaae o?iaiai ii?y
iniiaiui aeaeii ?anoeoaeueiinoe yaeyaony aeoa. Yoi naiia
?ani?ino?aiaiiia aea?aai a ai?ao. Aeoa ia?acoao oeaeua nieioiua eana,
iie?uaay i?aaeai?uey e io?iae. Ieiaeu aeoaa oiio?aaeytho a ieuo iiiaea
aeeaioiua, ei?a yaeyaony oeaiiui eaea?noaaiiui nu?ueai. Iiieii aeoaa a
eanao iiiai ynaiy, eeueia, a?aaa. Ec ieiaeiauo aea?aaueaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiu yaeiie, eecee, aeeeay /a?aoiy, i?ao, eaeeia, eaooai, ec
yaiae – e?uaeiaiee, iaeeia, nii?iaeeia. A eenoaaiiuo eanao
E?aniiaea?neiai e?ay ano?a/athony ?acee/iua o?aayienoua ?anoaiey;
aunieea iaii?ioieee, oaiue, ieaoiu. A ca?ineyo eiiooia naiaiaeii iiaeao
ni?yoaoueny ac?ineue /aeiaae. Ae?oaea ?anoaiey i?aaenoaaeytho iianiinoue
aeey /aeiaaea, i?e i?eeiniiaaiee n eiaeae inoaaeytho aieaciaiiua iaeiae
(ynaiaoe eaaeacneee, ai?uaaee).
Ia aunioa 1200 iao?ia aeoaiaua eana aeiiieiythony aoeiai-ieooiauie
aea?aaueyie, a oaeaea ineiie, ieueoie e eeaiii. E?aneaua aoee, eiathuea
iiuiue eieiiiiaeaeiue noaie ni naaoei-na?ie ei?ie, aeeaoo aei 300-400
eao. Ae?aaaneia yoeo aea?aaueaa eniieuecoaony a noiey?iii, oiea?iii e
iaaaeueiii i?iecaiaenoaa. Ec iaa oaeaea iieo/atho aeaaioue, aoeaoii.
I?aoe niaea?aeao aei 35% ianea e a iaaieueoii eiee/anoaa i?eaiaeiu a
ieuo.
Aei auniou 2000 iao?ia ia o?iaiai ii?y ?aniieiaeaiu oaieiua eana. A
iniiaiii yoi eaaeacneay ieooa e ainoi/iay aeue, oaeaea ieooa Ii?aeiaia –
aa/iicaeaiia aea?aai n i?yiui noaieii, aunioa eioi?iai aeinoeaaao 60
iao?ia. Iia aeaao no?ieoaeueiue e iiaeaei/iue ean e eaeao ia
ecaioiaeaiea aoiaae. Ec oaie ieoou aioiayo ianea, oe?iei i?eiaiyaiua a
ia?othia?ee e iaaeeoeeia. Ia ioe?uouo nieia/iuo o/anoeao ano?a/aaony
ninia Eioa. A aannaeia ?ae Aieueoie e Iaeie Eaau nio?aieeenue eana
ainoi/iie aee, eioi?ay aeeaao aei 500-600 eao, aeeaiao? noaiea
aeinoeaaao 20 iao?a, a aunioa – 30 iao?ia. Yoe eana eiatho aaaeiia
cia/aiea. Ae?aaaneia aee eniieuecoaony aeey ecaioiaeaiey iocueaeueiuo
eino?oiaioia.
Iieina eana ia aunioa 2000 iao?ia iaae o?iaiai ii?y niaiyaony
noaaeueieeneeie eoaaie n iiuiui o?aayiui iie?iaii. Caeanue oaeaea
ano?a/aaony ae?aaaniay ?anoeoaeueiinoue. A iniiaiii yoi e?eaua aa?acee,
iecei?ineue iiaeaeaaaeueiee. Aieueoae /anoue noaaeueieeneiai iiyna
yaeythony ?aeeeoaie. Ia aunioa 2300-2500 i iaae o?iaiai ii?y oaeea eoaa
niaiythony aeueieeneeie. A nayce n no?iainoueth eeeiaoa o?aayiay
?anoeoaeueiinoue caeanue aieaa ieceay e iaiaa ?aciiia?aciay.
Iaeneiaeueiay aunioa o?aa aeinoeaaao 15 ni. N?aaee ieo anoue iaeioi?ua
aeaeu eieieieue/eeia, oeaiiee, ai?a/aaea, iuoiee Iaithoeia. Iiiaea
?anoaiey caianaiu a E?anioth eieao. Ii, e niaeaeaieth, ?aciiia?aciay
naeueneioicyenoaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue, a oaeaea ?acaeoea oo?ecia iaiiiai
eciaieea aeae aeueieeneeo eoaia. Iiyaeythony ni?iua ?anoaiey (/aia?eoea
Eiaaey, uaaaeue aeueieeneee, /a?oiiieio).
Iinoaiaiii n oaaee/aieai auniou ?anoeoaeueiinoe noaiiaeony ana iaiueoa,
oieueei ioe e eeoaeieee. Ia 3000 i iaoiaeyony na?ua neaeu, iie?uoua
niaaii, a oaeaea ii/oe eeoaiiua anyeeo ?anoaiee. A i?aaeaeao
E?aniiaea?neiai e?ay oa??eoi?ey /a?iiii?neiai iiaa?aaeuey caieiaao
o/anoie io Aiaiu aei a?aieoe n A?oceae. Yoe ianoa aeaeyo ia naaa?ioth
(io Aiaiu aei Ooaina) e thaeioth (io Ooaina aei Aaeea?a) /anoe.
?anoeoaeueiinoue a ?aeiia Aiaiu ia ?aaieiao aeecea e noaiiie, oi anoue
i?aeiouanoaaiii o?aayienoay. Eiiaaea ia ian/aiuo o/anoeao oei?a
i?aeoe/anee ionoonoaoao. Eeoue ec?aaeea ano?a/athony eonoa?ieee
oaia?ene, ec o?aa – oei/ae, oaeoae, ano?aaae, ynia?oeao. A ?aeiia
Iiai?inneenea e Aaeaiaeaeeea ?anoeoaeueiinoue /a?aaeoaony n aieuie
o/anoeaie, ia eioi?uo ?aiueoa auee iaieioea eana. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy any
oa??eoi?ey ?aniaoaia eee caiyoa ianaeaiiuie ioieoaie. Ia thaeiii eeiia
o?aaoa Ia?eioo ia oa??eoi?ee Iiai?inneeneiai naeueoica iaoiaeeony
Oanoa?enneee i?e?iaeiue eiiieaen. Caeanue ?anooo aeoa iooenoue,
a?aaeiiee, a oaeaea noieaoiea iiaeaeaaaeueieee aunioie aei 5 iao?ia.
E thao io Aaeaiaeaeeea eana nio?aieeenue eo/oa ca n/ao iiaeiyoey
?aeueaoa e oaaee/aiey oaeaaeiaiey. Aua thaeiaa ia/eiatho iiyaeyoueny
oaeea ?anoaiey eae iethu, eiiiiin, nieeaen, e o. ae. Ia aunioa 500-600
iao?ia iaae o?iaiai ii?y ?anoao aoe, a aeec Ooaina ano?a/aaony
aeaai?iaeiue eaooai.
THaeioth /anoue *a?iiii?neiai iiaa?aaeuey aeaeyo ii eeeiaoe/aneee e
i?e?iaeiui oneiaeyi ia Ni/eineea noao?iieee e I?eeieoeaeneee ai?iue
?aeii. Ni/eineea noao?iieee caieiatho iiaa?aaeuea io Ooaina aei ?aee
Inio. Aeaaiaea?y iaeeeth nieioea caeanue ?anooo iaeueiu e theee,
i?iaeiaue aeoa, aaiaoe, iaaiieey, yaeaeeio, ieiica, yiiineay eaiaeey. A
eanao yoiai ?aeiia ?anooo neoiiey, iethu, eaa?iaeoiy, iiioeeneee
?iaeiaeaiae?ii. A Aaeea?neii ?aeiia au?aueaatho /ae, iaiaea?eiu. A yoii
?aeiia iniiaai ia?e «THaeiua eoeueoo?u», aaea au?aueaatho aeaei?aoeaiua
aea?aauey, eonoa?ieee, nicaeatho naiaeiue oiiae aeey icaeaiaiey ia?eia e
neaa?ia. Caeanue i?aaenoaaeaia oei?a anaai noao?iie/aneiai iiyna caiee.
A i?eeieoeaeneii ai?iii ?aeiia eaniay ciia ?aniieiaeaia ai?acaei ieaea,
iia ii/oe i?eiueaao e aa?aaiaie e?iiea. Oa??eoi?ey iie?uoa ae?aaaniuie
ii?iaeaie. Aei auniou 400-500 i ?ani?ino?aiaiu naioeoiaua ?iue. Ia
ioe?uouo eaiaienouo o/anoeao ii aeieeiai ?ae aei auniou 800 iao?ia
?anoao eiaee?. A iiaeeanea aei auniou 2000 i ano?a/aaony ?iaeiaeaiae?ii
iiioeeneee, iaaeoa eieoeaeneee, eaa?iaeoiy ?anoao aei auniou 2400 i Ia
aunioa 2000 i ia/eiathony aeueieeneea eoaa, a auoa 2500-2800 ia/eiathony
aieua neaeu, a oaeaea iiiai/eneaiiua niaaeieee e eaaeieee.
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