Aeeiaieea ie?iaiai ianaeaiey
Ianaeaiea Caiee ii aeaiiui III ninoaaeyei a 1999 a. ieiei 6 ie?ae.
/aeiaae – ianeieueei iaiueoa, /ai i?iaiice?iaaeinue ia yoio aiae. Ii
au/eneaieyi, i?iaaaeaiiui a III, i?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi aaeaaiaeiue
i?e?ino ianaeaiey ieaiaou a 1990-1995 aa. aoaeao ?aaai 1,57%, ia naiii
aea aeaea ii ninoaaee 1,48%, oaeei ia?acii, aaeaaiaeii i?eaaaeyeinue ii
81 iei. /aeiaae. A i?aaeuaeouaa iyoeeaoea – a ia?eiae n 1985 ii 1990 aa.
– ianaeaiea Caiee aaeaaiaeii oaaee/eaaeinue ia 87 iei. I?aaeiieaaaaony,
/oi a 2020a. /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey ieaiaou i?aauneo 8 ie?ae. /aeiaae, a
na?aaeeia XXI a. – 10,5 ie?ae. /aeiaae.
A?aiy n na?aaeeiu i?ioeiai aaea e aei na?aaeeiu iuiaoiaai, eiaaea
ianaeaiea iaiiiaei aieaa /ai ca 100 eao au?inei ia 2 ie?ae. /aeiaae
(oiaaea eae ia ia?aue ieeeea?ae iio?aaiaaeanue any enoi?ey
/aeiaa/anoaa), anoue a?aiy «aeaiia?aoe/aneiai ac?uaa». Iineaaeiee
oa?aeoa?ecoaony iieacaoaeai a?aiaie «oaeaiaiey ianaeaiey». Ii i/aiue
auno?i nie?auaeny aieioue aei iaoeo aeiae, /oi iiae/a?eeaaei onoie/eaoth
oaiaeaioeeth e auno?iio ?inoo /aeiaa/anoaa.
I?aaeiieiaeaiea i aiciiaeiie noaaeeecaoeee /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey a
aoaeouai iaoiaeeo iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea a iniaaiiinoyo oaiia ?inoa a iaoa
a?aiy: anee ia «ia?aoiae» io 1 aei 2 ie?ae. /aeiaa/anoao iio?aaiaaeinue
85 eao, e io 2 aei 3 ie?ae. – 25 eao, oi ia «ia?aoiae» io 3 e 4 ie?ae. –
15 eao. Yoi icia/aao, /oi a ia?aii neo/aa i?ioeann onei?eeny a 3 ?aca,
ai aoi?ii – iaiaa /ai a 2 ?aca. Aeey i?e?inoa aua iaeiiai ieeeea?aea
/aeiaae, iyoiai, iio?aaiaaeinue noieueei aea a?aiaie, neieueei aeey
/aoaa?oiai – onei?aiea eae au i?ae?aoeeinue; oaiiu ?inoa ianaeaiey
ieaiaou noaaeeece?iaaeenue, oioy e ia i/aiue aunieii o?iaia. Oiaiueoaiea
a?aiaie «oaeaiaiey ianaeaiey» oaeaea i?ae?aoeeinue e ia i?iaiice?oaony
ia aoaeouaa.
A 1650a. /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey caiiiai oa?a ninoaaeyea ieiei 0,5 ie?ae.
/aeiaae e oaaee/eaaeanue i?eaeeceoaeueii ia 0,3% a aiae, /oi i?eia?ii
niioaaonoaiaaei a?aiaie oaeaiaiey, ?aaiiio 250 aiaeai. E 1900a.
/eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey aeinoeaea 1,6 ie?ae. /aeiaae i?e aiaeiauo oaiiao
i?e?inoa 0,5% e a?aiaie oaeaiaiey 140 eao. A 1970a. /eneaiiinoue
ianaeaiey ?aaiyeanue 3,6 ie?ae. /aeiaae, a oaiiu i?e?inoa oaaee/eeenue
aei 2,1% a aiae. Yoi aue ia i?inoi yeniiiaioeeaeueiue, a
«aa?oyeniiiaioeeaeueiue ?ino», iineieueeo aic?anoaee naie oaiiu
i?e?inoa. I?e/eia ?inoa a nieaeaiee o?iaiy nia?oiinoe, a oaeaea
?iaeaeaaiinoe, oioy a ai?acaei iaiueoae noaiaie. N 1971 a. ii 1991 a.
nia?oiinoue i?iaeieaeaea iaaeaoue, ii ?iaeaeaaiinoue i?e yoii
oiaiueoaeanue a n?aaeiai ianeieueei auno?aa. A oi a?aiy eae /eneaiiinoue
ianaeaiey aic?inea n 3,6 ie?ae. aei 5,4 ie?ae. /aeiaae a aiae, oaiiu aa
i?e?inoa oiaee n 2,1 aei 1,7% a aiae.
Ii ioeaieai III ia 1990 a. ieiei 60% ianaeaiey Caiee i?eoiaeeony ia
oa??eoi?eth Acee. E oioy Acey caieiaao ia?iiioth ieiuaaeue, ieioiinoue
ianaeaiey a iae iaeaieueoay – 114 /aeiaae ia ei?. Ia inoaeueiuo
eiioeiaioao – Naaa?iay e THaeiay Aia?eea, Ao?eea – ieiei 20 /aeiaae, a
Aano?aeee – 0,03. Iineaaeiyy – naiue iaeiinaiaiiue ec iaoa?eeia, ia
n/eoay Aioa?eoeaeu, aaea iinoiyiiiai ianaeaiey aiiaua iao.
Aua a aeaeaeii i?ioeii auee ?aaeiiu, aaea ianaeaiea eae au naouaeinue.
Yoi THai-Ainoi/iay Acey, Ainoi/iay Acey, THaeiay Acey,
N?aaeecaiiiii?uea, a caoai e eiua ?aeiiu Aa?iiu. Ca iineaaeiea aeaa aaea
iiyaeeenue eeoue aeaa ?aaeiia n iiauoaiiie ieioiinoueth ianaeaiey: ia
ainoiea Naaa?iie e thai-caiaaea THaeiie Aia?eee, oai, aaea e
iiaa?aaeueth i?eaeeiathony oaieua oa/aiey Oeoiai e Aoeaioe/aneiai
ieaaiia.
A iaoa a?aiy ia ieiaei?iaeiuo ?aaieiao Acee (Aaeeeie Eeoaeneie,
Eiaei-Aaianeie, a aeaeueoa A?aoiaioo?u e Aaiaa, ia ssaa) ieioiinoue
ianaeaiey i?aauoaao 100 /aeiaae ia ei?. A oeaio?a Acee – a Iiiaieee iia,
iai?ioea., iaiaa 1 /aeiaaea ia ei?. A Aa?iia – io 433 /aeiaae a
Ieaea?eaiaeao aei 2 ia ino?iaa Eneaiaeey.
Iauea oaiaeaioeee a ie?a oaeiau:
Iaeioi?ua ec i?iiuoeaiii iaiaa ?acaeouo no?ai aua eiath ioiineoaeueii
aunieea o?iaie nia?oiinoe e aua aieaa aunieea o?iaie ?iaeaeaaiinoe. Eo
oaiiu i?e?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey ninoaaeytho 2-3% a aiae e iiaoo aua
aieueoa aic?anoe i?e nieaeaiee nia?oiinoe.
No?aiu ni n?aaeiei o?iaiai ?acaeoey i?iiuoeaiiinoe iau/ii
oa?aeoa?ecothony ieceie nia?oiinoueth i?e ana aua aunieie, oioy e
nieaeathuaeny ?iaeaeaaiinoe. Oaiiu i?e?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey a yoeo
no?aiao eieaaethony io n?aaeieo aei aunieeo (1-4% a aiae).
Aeey aieueoeinoaa no?ai n auniei?acaeoie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth oa?aeoa?iu
ieceay nia?oiinoue, ieceay ?iaeaeaaiinoue e iaaunieea oaiiu i?e?inoa
(iaiaa 1% a aiae). A iaeioi?uo aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao o?iaaiue
?iaeaeaaiinoe naaiaeiy ieaea o?iaiy nia?oiinoe, oae /oi ia naeaiea yoeo
no?ai i/aiue iaaeeaiii nie?auaaony.
Ia iniiaa eiathueony aeaiiuo aeaiia?aou auaaee oai?eth, iieo/eaooth
iacaaiea «aeaiia?aoe/aneiai ia?aoiaea». Niaeanii yoie oai?ee, i?e ieceeo
o?iaiyo i?iiuoeaiiiai ?acaeoey ?iaeaeaaiinoue e nia?oiinoue auniee, e
/eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey ?anoao iaaeeaiii. Ii ia?a oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa
ieoaiey e cae?aaiio?aiaiey nia?oiinoue oiaiueoaaony, caiacaeuaaiea
?iaeaeaaiinoe ia 1-2 iieieaiey i?eaiaeeo e ?ac?uao iaaeaeo o?iaiyie
?iaeaeaaiinoe e nia?oiinoe, eioi?ue niinianoaoao auno?iio ?inoo
/eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey. Ii eae oieueei ethaee aiaeaeathony a ia?ac aeecie
auniei?acaeoiai eiaeono?eaeueiiai iauanoaa, ?iaeaeaaiinoue oiaea
nieaeaaony, e oaiiu ?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey iiyoue oiaiueoathony.
Yoio i?ioeann iaaethaeaaony nae/an e i?iaiice?oaony i?eia?ii aei XXII
a., eiaaea i?aaeiieaaaaony noaaeeecaoeey /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey ia o?iaia
10-12 ie?ae. /aeiaae.
Iaeiaei n?aco neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia iniaaiiinoue yoiai
i?iaiica: i?aaenoaaeaiea i noaaeeecaoeee ianaeaiey ioaa/aao nia?aiaiiiio
o?iaith ?acaeoey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee. Ana eaeae ia?aie/aiey
?iaeaeaaiinoe, noaaeeecaoeee ?inoa ianaeaiey anaaaea auee iaoneiaeaiu
neiaeiinoyie yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey. Iie ia auoaeatho ec i?aaenoaaeaiee
i /aeiaaea eae naiinoiyoaeueiii yaeaiee. Ia neo/aeii iiyoiio iiyaeaiea
i?aaeiieiaeaiee i oii, /oi nia?aiaiiay IO?, aace?othuayny ia
aeinoeaeaieyo oeceee, oeiee e aaeaeaaoiie ei oaoieee, ca i?aaeaeaie XXI
a. niaieony oae iacuaaaiie aoiaieoa?iie ?aaiethoeeae ia iniiaa
aeinoeaeaiee aeieiae/aneeo, aoiaieoa?iuo e anoanoaaiiuo iaoe. Iaeiei ec
iineaaenoaee iiaeao auoue oaaee/aiea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie,
niaa?oainoaiaaiea oece/aneeo e aeooiaiuo nee /aeiaaea. I?e ?acaeoee yoie
oaiaeaioeee ?ino /aeiaa/anoaa iiaeao i?iaeieaeaoueny. I?aaeiieiaeaiey
oaeiai ?iaea iayaii i?ineaaeeaathony a ioeaieao iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiie
/eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey a 40-50 ie?ae. /aeiaae.
Iniaaiiinoe ?annaeaiey ianaeaiey ia ieaiaoa
Enoiaey ec oiai, /oi i?ino?ainoai nooe ieaiaou ia?aie/aii e ca a?aiy
nouanoaiaaiey /aeiaa/anoaa ia i?aoa?iaei nouanoaaiiuo eciaiaiee,
i/aaeaeii, /oi ?aciauaiea ianaeaiey ieaiaou i?e oaeeo oaiaeaioeeyo ?inoa
nouanoaaiii iaiyeinue.
I?aaenoaaeaiea i ?annaeaiee /aeiaaea ia oa??eoi?ee aeatho ea?ou.
?acee/atho ea?ou ii oi?ia ioia?aaeaiey. Anee iiniio?aoue ia ea?oo, oi
i/aaeaeii, /oi ?inney canaeaia i/aiue ia?aaiiia?ii. Iu iiaeai neacaoue,
/oi ea?oeia ?annaeaiey ia yaeyaony i?inoie. A iaeioi?uo ianoao ai?iaea e
naea, a ae?oaeo eaniua ianneau.
Ethaee naeeeenue /aua anaai ieiei ?ae e ica?. Anoue e eneonnoaaiiua
aiaeio?aieeeua. Ea?oeia ?annaeaiey onoaiaaeeaaaony ii ea?oai. Naiay
yeaiaioa?iay e iaeaieaa eioa?aniay e?oiiiianooaaiay ea?oa. Iniaia
cia/aiea aeey aaia?aoia eiatho ea?ou ieioiinoe ianaeaiey. Ieioiinoue
ianaeaiey – iieacaoaeue, /eneaiii oa?aeoa?ecothuee eiee/anoai ethaeae,
i?eoiaeyueony ia aaeeieoeo ieiuaaee. Eae i?aaeei, aa?aony eaaae?aoiue
eeeiiao?. Aeaeaaony ioeaiea canaeaiiinoe a i?aaeaeao a?aieoe
ii?aaeaeaiiiai oa??eoi?eaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey. Yoi eeai no?aia, eeai aa
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiay aaeeieoea, eeai enoi?e/aneea
i?iaeioeee. *ai iaiueoa ?acia?u oa??eoi?ee, aeey eioi?uo ?ann/eouaaaony
yoio iieacaoaeue, oai oi/iaa ii io?aaeaao oa?aeoa? acaeiiaeaenoaey
/aeiaaea e oa??eoi?ee.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi aaia?aou i?eaeoiaee eioa?aniue iiaeoiae. Iie
nicaeatho oi/a/iua ea?ou. Iaeia oi/ea niioaaonoaoao 1000 eee 10 000
/aeiaae, i?eia?ii ?ann/eouaaaony eiee/anoai /aeiaae ia eaaeaeoth
iaeanoue. Oi/ee ?annoaaeythony n o/aoii oaeoe/aneiai ?aciauaiey ai?iaeia
e nae. Oaeei ia?acii, iu onoaiaaeeaaai eoiae ?annaeaiey ethaeae ia
ieaiaoa.
Iu iiaeai neacaoue, /oi e eiioeo XX a. canaeaiu ii/oe ana i?eaiaeiua
aeey aeecie /aeiaaea oa??eoi?ee. Iinoiyiiua ianaeaiiua ioieou
iaia?oaeeaathony iaaeaeo 72° naaa?iie e 54° thaeiie oe?iou, a oaeaea ii
aa?oeeaee ia aieueoa /ai ia aunioa 5000 i iaae o?iaiai ii?y (eneeth/aiey
Oeaao e Aiaeu, oai auaatho neo/ae, eiaaea ianaeaiiua ioieou iaoiaeyony e
ia aieaa aunieie ianoiinoe). Aio iuiaoiyy ieeoiaia, a?aae iaeoaiey
/aeiaa/anoaa.
Caiey canaeaia, ii ia iieiinoueth. Ia canaeaiu aa iiethna, ia canaeaiu
oa??eoi?ee n naiuie ieceeie cia/aieyie ?aaeeaoeeiiiiai aaeaina ca aiae
(ieceei nieia/iui eceo/aieai e naiuie ieceeie cia/aieyie aiaeiaiai
eiee/anoaa inaaeeia). Aeey nouanoaiaaiey /aeiaaea iaiaoiaeeiu aeaaa e
oaiei. E?iia oiai, aunieiai?uey ioia/athony iiieaeaiiui aoiinoa?iui
aeaaeaieai, oai o?oaeii aeuoaoue. Aiaeiae/ii ianoieo aeaei n
oa??eoi?eyie ionouiue oaea aioo?e canaeaiiie /anoe ieaiaou. Iaaei
neacaoue, /oi ana ia?a/eneaiiua oa??eoi?ee iaaeaaii?eyoiu aeey aeecie,
ia niioaaonoaotho yeieiaee /aeiaaea e aeeaioiiai ie?a. Yoi iaeanoe
onoie/eauo aioeoeeeeiiia, iaeanoe n i?aiaeaaeaieai ienoiaeyueo
aicaeooiuo iioieia. Iacaaeneii io eo iniaaiiinoae, a nouiinoe, yoi
ionouie – eaaeyiua, ian/aiua, ai?iua, eaiaienoua, ana ?aaii – ionouie.
Iniiaiua iiiaiou acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea e oa??eoi?ee naycaiu n
ciiaeueiinoueth e aunioii-iiethniinoueth, eioi?ua neeueii aeeytho ia
?annaeaiea ethaeae ia oa??eoi?ee ieaiaou. *aeiaae, eae aeeaie i?aaieci,
i?eaioe?iaai ia oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea oneiaey iaiaia ni n?aaeie, eioi?ua,
aa?iyoii, iaeiicia/iu oneiaeyi aai ?iaeeiu – Ainoi/ii-Yeaaoi?eaeueiie
Ao?eee.
Aeaeueoa oae aio?iiiaaiac, o.a. ?acaeoea /aeiaa/aneiai aeaea. *aeiaae ia
iao/eeny ia?aaeaeuaaoue eeeiao, oi?aaeyoue iiaiaeie, ii iao/eeny aiaoiae
?aaoeyoeee oa?iiaeeiaie/aneiai aaeaina ca n/ao caueou io n?aaeu. Ii
iao/eeny i?aiaeieaaaoue yeno?aiaeueiua oneiaey i?e iiiiue naiaai
i?eniiniaeaiey e i?e?iaeiie n?aaea.
Aeey iaeoaiey /aeiaae, eae i?aaeei, auae?aao ieciaiiinoe e aicauoaiiinoe
ia auoa 500 i iaae o?iaiai ii?y. Ia oaeea ieciaiiinoe e aicauoaiiinoe
i?eoiaeeony 28% nooe e 80% anaai ianaeaiey. Iiauoaiiay ieioiinoue
ianaeaiey iaaethaeaaony, i?aaeaea anaai, ia ?aaieiao e aicauoaiiinoyo e,
iniaaiii ia ii?neeo iiaa?aaeueyo. Niaeanii caeiiai aaia?aoe/aneiai
?acaeaeaiey o?oaea, caeanue iaania/eaaaony naiia aieueoia ?aciiia?acea
aeaeia /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, naiue aieueoie oiaa?iiaiai, aaea
aneaaenoaea yoiai naiay aunieay ieioiinoue ianaeaiey. E i?eia?o, i/aiue
ieioii canaeaia Aa?iia. Ieaaea iaoa?ee ia ec?acai oae, eae a Aa?iia.
Anoue aua iaeia iniaaiiinoue ?annaeaiey ethaeae ia caiiii oa?a, ieii
eioi?ie iaeuecy i?ieoe. Yoi i?eo?i/aiiinoue i?eieaaie/aneeo e i?eii?neeo
naonoeia ?annaeaiey e oaieui ii?neei oa/aieyi. Yoi eaaei onoaiaaeeaaaony
i?e n?aaiaiee ea?ou ieioiinoe ianaeaiey ie?a n ea?oie ii?neeo oa/aiee.
Iiniio?eoa. Aio oaieue Aieueono?ei i?eaeeiaaony e iiaa?aaeueyi Caiaaeiie
Aa?iiu e – iniaaiii iiuiui iioieii – e iiaa?aaeueth Naaa?iie Aia?eee. E
ooo e oai naonoee ieioiinoe ianaeaiey. Iai?ioea, oieiaeiiio Eaia?neiio
oa/aieth o caiaaeiiai iiaa?aaeuey Naaa?iie Ao?eee ia iiaa?aaeuea
niioaaonoaoao aeaiia?aoe/aneay ionouiy (ianiio?y ia aea?eee eeeiao),
caeanue i?yii e ieaaio auoiaeyo ionouie Naaa?iie Ao?eee.
Oa aea ionouie niioaaonoaotho Aaiaoyeueneiio oieiaeiiio oa/aieth o
caiaaeiiai iiaa?aaeuey THaeiie Ao?eee. Iai?ioea, ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiii
aa?aao – oaieia A?aceeueneia oa/aiea e aianoa n iei naiia
aonoiianaeaiiia iiaa?aaeuea THaeiie Aia?eee. Ainoi/iiio iiaa?aaeueth
iaaeo Aia?ee e Ea?eaneeo ino?iaia aiiaua iiaacei n iiuiuie oaieuie
ieaaie/aneeie iioieaie, caeanue naiia aonoia ianaeaiea, NOA n ainoiea
iiuaaao Aieueono?ei, n caiaaea – oaieia oa/aiea Eo?i-Neai,
ainiiaenoaothuaa a oeaio?aeueiie /anoe Oeoiai ieaaia. Ei niioaaonoaotho
naonoee ianaeaiey ia oeoiieaaineii iiaa?aaeuea NOA e thaa Eaiaaeu.
I?aaaea, aanueia ieioii canaeaia e Oeaio?aeueiay Aia?eea, iniaaiii
Iaeneea, n caiaaea iiuaaaiay /anoe/ii oieiaeiui Eaeeoi?ieeneei oa/aieai,
ii eiaiii eeoue /anoe/ii, ia n?aaieoaeueii iaaieueoii io?acea. E?iia
oiai, ia auaaao i?aaee aac eneeth/aiey.
Caoi oieiaeiia Eaa?aaei?neia oa/aiea niaa?oaiii caii?aaeeaaao ainoi/iia
iiaa?aaeuea ia?iiiiai ianneaa naaa?iuo i?iaeioeee Eaiaaeu, e ianaeaiey
oai ii/oe iao.
Ia iaiaa iieacaoaeueia ea?oeia a Acee, Aano?aeee, Ao?eea. Oaieua oa/aiey
Eiaeeeneiai ieaaia aeaaii?eyonoaotho aunieie ieioiinoe ianaeaiey a
THaeiie Acee e Ainoi/iie Ao?eea. Oioy, a iauai-oi. THaeiay Acey i/aiue
ieioii canaeaia eae au e aac ieo. Ana aaaeue ioiineoaeueii e
iiiaioaeoi?eaeueii.
Caoi i/aaeaeii aicaeaenoaea oaieiai oeoiieaaineiai oa/aiey Eo?i-Neai ia
aunieoth ieioiinoue ianaeaiey Eeoay, ssiiiee e aieaa iaeeeo no?ai, a
thaeiia oaieia Ainoi/ii-Aano?aeeeneia oa/aiea iiuaaao iaeaieaa ieioii
canaeaiiua iiaa?aaeuey Aano?aeee e Iiaie Caeaiaeee.
Eai/aoeo e *oeioeo, oau, iiuaaao oaea oieiaeiue iioie, e ianaeaiu iie,
ianiio?y ia i?e?iaeiua aiaaonoaa, i/aiue neaai.
Naiaai ?iaea «caaaaeeie» ooo neoaeeo any «oeaio?aeueiay» Caiaaeiay
?inney e /anoe/ii Ainoi/iay, eioi?ay eaaeeo iaaeaeo 50? naaa?iie oe?iou
e naaa?iui iiey?iui e?oaii, a canaeaia, ianiio?y ia y?ei au?aaeaiioth
eiioeiaioaeueiinoue, ioiineoaeueii ieioii. Naiue e?oiiue naonoie
ianaeaiey aaeaee io ii?ae e aeeaea anaai e iiethno. Naiaai ?iaea
aeaiia?aoi-aaia?aoe/aneee oaiiiai, ia eioi?ue ii/aio-oi ia ia?auatho
aieiaiey.
Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, e eiioeo XX a. canaeaiu ii/oe ana i?eaiaeiua aeey
aeecie /aeiaaea oa??eoi?ee: iinoiyiiua ianaeaiiua ioieou
iaia?oaeeaathony iaaeaeo ia?aeeaeyie 72° naaa?iie oe?iou e 54° thaeiie
oe?iou.
Iaa oe?ioiua a?aieoeu, oaeei ia?acii, ioaeaeytho ieeoiaio io i?ino?ainoa
iiey?iuo ionouiue e ooiae? a?eoe/aneiai e aioa?eoe/aneiai iiynia, o.a.
oa??eoi?ee n naiuie ieceeie noiiaie aiaeiaiai eiee/anoaa inaaeeia.
Eioaineaiinoue aeaaiiai?ioa ia yoeo oa??eoi?eyo i/aiue ieceay.
Aunieiai?uey, eae ecaanoii, ioee/athony iiieaeaiiui aoiinoa?iui
aeaaeaieai, ioeeiiaieyie anao oa?aeoa?enoee i?e?iaeiuo yeaiaioia io eo
cia/aiee aeey iniiaiie /anoe nooe, /oi oaeaea ia niioaaonoaoao yeieiaee
/aeiaaea eae aeaea aeeaioiiai.
A yoie nayce o?aaoao ooi/iaiey i?aaenoaaeaiea ia «yeno?aiaeueiinoe»:
naia i?e?iaea oaeeo ioeaiie ia ciaao – aeey iaa oa?aeoa?ia eeoue
caeiiiia?iay eciai/eainoue i?e?iaeiuo i?ioeannia. «Yeno?aiaeueiuie»
ninoiyiey yoie eciai/eainoe n/eoathony a nayce n yeiiiie/aneeie e
oaoiieiae/aneeie iniaaiiinoyie /aeiaaea nicaeaaaoue aeey naay
iaiin?aaenoaaiioth n?aaeo, niioaaonoaothuoth aai yeiiiie/aneei
o?aaiaaieyi, e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aa ooieoeeiie?iaaiea iai?a?uaii aeey
aini?iecaiaenoaa naiae aeecie, a oaeaea iaania/eaaoue onoie/eaia
aaaeaiea caieaaeaeue/anei-aeeaioiiaiae/aneiai oicyenoaa. E oi e ae?oaia
– ninoaaeythuea iaiaia /aeiaaea ni n?aaeie, oneiaey aai
aini?iecaiaenoaa.
Iineieueeo i?e?iaeiay n?aaea iaiaeii?iaeia e aeey iaa oa?aeoa?iu
ciiaeueiinoue e aunioiay iiyniinoue, a oaeaea ae?oaea oi?iu
eciai/eainoe, ana i?aaieciu i?eaioe?iaaiu ia ii?aaeaeaiiue oei (eee
oeiu) n?aaeu, niaia eioi?ie aaaeao e aeaaee i?aaieciia ec-ca eciaiaiee
oa?iiaeeiaie/aneeo oneiaee iaiaia ni n?aaeie eee i?ienoiaeeo
aeeeoaeueiia i?eniiniaeaiea.
*aeiaae ia oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea oneiaey iaiaia ni n?aaeie, aa?iyoii, ia
oneiaey naiae ?iaeeiu – Ainoi/iie Yeaaoi?eaeueiie Ao?eee. Eaeea-oi
ei??aeoeau (nei?aa anaai, i/aiue iaaieueoea) a aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecia
/aeiaaea naiinoiyoaeueii ?aaoee?iaaoue iaiai ni n?aaeie, aa?iyoii, aian
aio?iiiaaiac – oeceieiae/aneea eciaiaiey a i?ioeanna noaiiaeaiey
/aeiaaea eae yaeaiey; yeaiaioii yoiai noaiiaeaiey auei ?annaeaiea ii
anai i?e?iaeiui ciiai, ca eneeth/aieai iacaaiiuo auoa. Iniiaiie niinia,
au?aaioaiiue /aeiaaeii, – yoi aiaoiyy ?aaoeyoeey oa?iiaeeiaie/aneiai
aaeaina ca n/ao caueou io n?aaeu (i?aaeaea anaai io ioeaaeaeaiey) n
iiiiuueth iaeaaeaeu e aeeeeua. Nicaeaaay aeeeeua, /aeiaae oai?aoe/anee
oaea nae/an iiaeao nicaeaaaoue aeey naay eneonnoaaiioth n?aaeo a
aieueoeo i?ino?ainoaaiiuo ianooaaao – ia oieueei aieueoea caeaiey, ii e
oeaeua ai?iaea. Iaeiaei a oaeeo neo/ayo anoaao aii?in ia yeiiiie/aneie
yooaeoeaiinoe yoeo yeieiae/anee iaoneiaeaiiuo aeaenoaee, o.a. aii?in i
niioiioaiee iieaciiai yooaeoa e cao?ao ia aai aeinoeaeaiea.
Eiaiii enoiaey ec yoeo niia?aaeaiee i?e?iaeiua oneiaey e iiaoo
ioeaieaaoueny eae yeno?aiaeueiua. Iineaaeiaa ia eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoue
i?iaeeaaiey /aeiaaea a oaeeo oneiaeyo ca n/ao nicaeaiey eneonnoaaiiie
n?aaeu a niaoeeaeueiuo oeaeyo, iai?eia?, a iao/iuo, aiaiiuo e o.ae.
A iaeaieaa aonoiianaeaiiuo ?aeiiao ie?a, ioaaouaathueo eeoue 7% nooe,
i?iaeeaaao aieaa 70% anaai /aeiaa/anoaa, /oi aiai?eo i aunieie noaiaie
iiey?ecaoeee iiey ieioiinoe ianaeaiey a ieeoiaia. A iniiaiii yoi –
ieciaiiinoe e oa??eoi?ee ?aaiei e iaaieueoeo aicauoaiiinoae n aunioie ia
aieaa 500 i iaae o?iaiai ii?y. Niiinoaaeaiea n i?aaeuaeoueie aeaiiuie
iiae/a?eeaaao noaiaiue iiey?ecaoeee: aiaea/aiea a aiaeec aua 10%
ianaeaiey oaaee/eaaao iaeoaaioth oa??eoi?eth aieaa /ai ia 20%.
Aeaiiua aeieeaaea THIOIA
I?iaiaeece?oai aeaiiua ia iniiaiuo aeaiia?aoe/aneeo e iaeioi?uo
nioeeaeueiuo e yeiiiie/aneeo eiaeeeaoi?ao ii aeaaiui a?oiiai ?aaeiiia,
?aaeiiai e no?aiai ie?a, niaea?aeaueany a aeieeaaea THIOIA
«Ia?iaeiianaeaiea ie?a. 1995». Aeaeaa yoe iieacaoaee aeiiieiaiu aeaiiuie
I?ia?aiiu ?acaeoey III e THIANEI.
A aeieeaaea THIOIA iiaeii na?oiie?iaaoue aieaa eee iaiaa nenoaiaoe/aneea
aeaiiua ii neaaeothuei a?oiiai iieacaoaeae:
iauaaeaiia?aoe/aneea:
iauay /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey (iei /aeiaae, 1995 a.),
i?iaiic ianaeaiey (iei /aeiaae, 2025 a.),
n?aaeiee ?ino ianaeaiey (%, 1995-2000 aa.),
aeiey ai?iaeia, ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey (%, 1995 a.),
?ino ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey (%, 1995 a.),
/eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey ia I aa iaoioiie caiee;
yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee:
AII ia aeooo ianaeaiey (aeiee. NOA, 1992 a.),
aiaoiyy iiiiuue ianaeaieth (aeiee.);
iieacaoaee nia?oiinoe:
ieaaeai/aneay nia?oiinoue (5 eao) (ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu),
ieaaeai/aneay nia?oiinoue a oeaeii,
n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie i?e ?iaeaeaiee
(ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu);
iieacaoaee ?iaeaeaaiinoe:
noiia?iue eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe,
/enei ?iaeaeaiee ia 1000 aeaiuei 15-19 eao,
iaoiaeu i?eiaiaiey eiio?aoeaioeaia (noa?ua/nia?aiaiiua);
iieacaoaee ia?aciaaiey:
i?ioeaio o/aueony a ia/aeueiie oeiea (ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu),
i?ioeaio iao/athueony ia iineaaeiai aiaeo iao/aiey a ia/aeueiie oeiea
(ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu),
i?ioeaio iieo/eaoeo n?aaeiaa ia?aciaaiea (ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu),
i?ioeaio iaa?aiioiuo noa?oa 15 eao (ioae/eiu/aeaiueiu);
iieacaoaee cae?aaiio?aiaiey:
i?ioeaio iieo/athueo iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue,
i?ioeaio ?iaeaeaiee iiae iaaethaeaieai niaoeeaeenoia.
Eoiai 26 iiceoeee, na?oiie?iaaiiuo e i?iioia?iaaiiuo iaie a oaaeeoeao.
A ninoaa ?acaeouo ?aaeiiia aoiaeyo Naaa?iay Aia?eea, ssiiiey, Aa?iia,
Aano?aeey – Iiaay Caeaiaeey, ?anioaeeee auaoaai Niaaoneiai Nithca.
A ninoaa iaiaa ?acaeouo – Ao?eea, Eaoeineay Aia?eea, Acey (e?iia
ssiiiee), a oaeaea Iaeaiacey, Iee?iiacey e no?aiu Iieeiacee (Ieaaiey).
A?oiia neaai?acaeouo no?ai auaeaeaia niaeanii noaiaea?oai III.
A iauae /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey i/aaeaeai ia?iiiue ia?aaan a?oiiu iaiaa
?acaeouo ?aaeiiia, e eioi?ie i?eiueaao ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoay ii
/eneaiiinoe a?oiia neaai?acaeouo no?ai, E 2025 a. /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey
a?oiiu ?acaeouo ?aaeiiia iaiiiai oaaee/eony (n 1,17 aei 1,24 ie?ae.
/aeiaae), a neaai?acaeouo – aeaaea aaeaia (n 575 iei. aei 1,62 ie?ae.
/aeiaae). I?ioeaio n?aaeiaai ?inoa ianaeaiey ca 1995-2000 aa. a ie?a
ninoaaeo 1,5%, a ?acaeouo ?aaeiiao – 0,3, a iaiaa ?acaeouo – 1,8, a
neaai?acaeouo – 2,7%. Ai?acaei auno?aa ?anoao ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea (oaii
?inoa niioaaonoaaiii 2,5; 0,7; 3,3; 5,2%). Aai aeiey a ie?a 45%, a
?acaeouo no?aiao – 75, a iaiaa ?acaeouo – 38, a neaai?acaeouo – 22%.
Ianaeaiea Aa?iiu (aac ?anioaeee NIA) e 2025 a. oiaiueoeony n 727 aei 718
iei. /aeiaae. Iaaieueoie ?ino aoaeao oieueei a Caiaaeiie Aa?iia e
ianeieueei aieueoee – a Naaa?iie. Ainoi/iay e THaeiay Aa?iia, ?inney,
Oe?aeia, Aaei?onney nae/an aioee a ciio aeaiiioeyoeee, e a iae, ii yoei
i?iaiicai, inoaioony. Ai anao inoaeueiuo ?aaeiiao ie?a ianaeaiea
aic?anoao.
Iieacaoaee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie
Ii iaeaaaeiaeoaio aeaiia?aoe/aneiio iieacaoaeth n?aaeiae
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie i?e ?iaeaeaiee ni cia/eoaeueiui io?uaii
eeaee?otho ?acaeoua no?aiu (71,2 aiaea o ioae/ei, 78,6 – o aeaiuei) i?e
n?aaeieo iieacaoaeyo aeey anaai ie?a – 63,7/67,8. Aia?aaee Caiaaeiay,
Naaa?iay e aeaaea THaeiay Aa?iia e Naaa?iay Aia?eea (nauoa 73 eao o
ioae/ei e 80 – o aeaiuei). Ii auoa anaai n?aaee ?aaeiiia ie?a yoio
iieacaoaeue – a Aano?aeee e Iiaie Caeaiaeee (75,1/80,9). I?eaeeaeaaony e
iei Ieaaiey, ninoiyuay ec iiiai/eneaiiuo iaaieueoeo ino?iaeia
(71,3/76,4). Naiue aunieee o?iaaiue eiaao ssiiiey (76,8/82,9), /oi
aeaeaao oeoiieaaineoth ino?iaioth a?oiio (ssiiiey – Ieaaiey – Iiaay
Caeaiaeey) iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiie ii i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie aeey
caieyi. Iuiaoiyy ?inney eiaao iieacaoaeue 61,5/73,6. A NIA ioiineoaeueii
aunieee aic?ano aeecie nio?aieeny oieueei, ia oaeeaeaiea, a A?iaiee
(70,3/76,3) e A?ocee (69,5/77,6), anee oieueei yoe aeaiiua aeey no?ai,
aua iaaeaaii ioaa/aiiuo aieiaie, aeinoiaa?iu.
Iieacaoaeue ieaaeai/aneie nia?oiinoe oaeaea aanueia iieacaoaeai, a ie?a
ii ?aaai 57 ia 1000 ?iaeeaoeony, a ?acaeouo no?aiao – 9, a iaiaa
?acaeouo – 63, a neaai?acaeouo – 102.
Oeaiiinoue iieacaoaeae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie e ieaaeai/aneie
nia?oiinoe naycaia n oai, /oi iie, iiaeaeoe, iaeaieaa oi/ii (anee
aiai?eoue ia ioaeaeueiuo eiaeeeaoi?ao) io?aaeatho o?iaaiue nioeeaeueiiai
?acaeoey no?ai. Iauee eiyooeoeeaio nia?oiinoe caeanue iaiaa iiaeoiaeeo,
iineieueeo ia aai o?iaaiue neeueii aeeytho ia oieueei nioeeaeueiia
?acaeoea, ii e iniaaiiinoe aic?anoiie no?oeoo?u.
Ioiaoei i?aaeaea anaai aieueoie ?ac?ua ii no?aiai iaaeaeo
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth aeecie ioae/ei e aeaiuei: anee a ie?a a oeaeii
ii ninoaaeyao /ooue aieueoa 4 eao, oi ia aa?oiae nooiaie
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie – a ssiiiee – /ooue aieueoa 6 eao, a a
?innee – 12 eao.
?aiaee?iaaiiue ?yae ii i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie n?aaee aeaiuei
aicaeaaeytho (80 eao e aieueoa): ssiiiey, Oaaoeey, Oaaeoea?ey, Eoaeey,
O?aioeey, Aano?aeey, Eaiaaea, Eniaiey, Ieaea?eaiaeu, A?aoeey, Aaeueaey,
Ii?aaaey, NOA, Aano?ey; caiueatho (iaiaa 50 eao): Iaee, Iicaiaee,
Ao?eeia-Oani, ?oaiaea, Aaeiay-Aenao, Aaeiay, Caiaey, Aoaaienoai, Iaeaae,
Nuea??a-Eaiia; n?aaee ioae/ei aicaeaaeytho (75 eao e aieueoa): ssiiiey,
Oaaoeey A?aoeey, Aano?aeey, Oaaeoea?ey, Ec?aeeue, Eniaiey, Ieaea?eaiaeu,
Eoaeey, Eaiaaea, I?eoii, /oi iioieie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie aeaiuei
– 82,9, ioae/ei – 76,8 eao (ssiiiey). Caiueatho (iaiaa 50 eao):
Ceiaaaaa, Ao?oiaee, Yoeiiey, *aae, Eiiai, Oeaio?aeueiiao?eeaineay
?anioaeeea, Niiaee, Aiaiea, Aaiei, Ieaa?, Iaee, Aaeiay, Iicaiaee,
Caiaey, Ao?eeia-Oani, ?oaiaea, Oaaiaea, Aoaaienoai, Iaeaae,
Aaeiay-Aenao, Nuea??a-Eaiia.
O?iaaiue ieaaeai/aneie nia?oiinoe naiue aunieee (nauoa 100) ana a oao
aea eee ii/oe oao aea no?aiao: Aoaaienoai, Nuea??a-Eaiia, Iaee, Iaeaae,
Iicaiaee, Aaeiay-Aenao, Aaeiay, Ao?eeia-Oani, Ieaa?, Eeaa?ey, Aiaiea,
*aae, Niiaee, Oaaiaea, Eaiai, Aooai, Yoeiiey, ?oaiaea, Eaiaiaeaea. Eae
oaea ioia/aeinue, yoi naiua ionoaeua, aaaeiua no?aiu. A oeaeii ?yaea ec
ieo eiatho ianoi iiiaieaoiea aioo?aiiea ?ani?e, ia?a?anoathuea a
aii?oaeaiiua eiioeeeou: Ao?oiaee, Yoeiiey, *aae, Niiaee, Aiaiea,
?oaiaea, Aoaaienoai. Naiue ieceee o?iaaiue ieaaeai/aneie nia?oiinoe (6 e
iaiaa) eiatho Aano?aeey, Aiieiia, Oaaeoea?ey, Ieaea?eaiaeu, Aa?iaiey,
Aaeeeia?eoaiey, Aano?ey, Aaeueaey, Eaiaaea, Oaaoeey, Oeieyiaeey,
Neiaaio?, ssiiiey. ?ac?ua iaaeaeo ieaeiae (4) e aa?oiae nooiaiueth (154)
eieinnaeueiue – a 38 ?ac!
Ia o?iaia i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie neacuaaaony ia oieueei o?iaaiue
nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey, ii e oniaoe a cae?aaiio?aiaiee e – iniaaiii – a
aeinoeaeaiee caei?iaiai ia?aca aeecie. Iaeaieaa aia/aoeythuea iie a
ssiiiee, caoai eaeao Neiaaio?, aeinoeaoee aieueoiai i?ia?anna n iiiaioa
aeinoeaeaiey iacaaeneiinoe (/oi aiai?eo, enoaoe, e i aieueoii
iioaioeeaea eeoaeneie iaoeee, /anoeoeae eioi?ie yaeythony neiaaio?oeu).
Aeaeaa neaaeotho iaeaieaa ecaanoiua naiei caei?iaui ia?acii aeecie
Oeieyiaeey, Oaaoeey, Eaiaaea, Oaaeoea?ey, Aano?aeey eee aea aeinoeaoea
aunieiai o?iaiy cae?aaiio?aiaiey Aaeueaey, Aano?ey, Aaeeeia?eoaiey,
Aa?iaiey, Ieaea?eaiaeu.
Iieacaoaee ?iaeaeaaiinoe
Noiia?iue eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe – iaeei ec iaeaieaa oi/ii
io?aaeathueo aini?iecaiaenoai ianaeaiey. Ianaeaiea Caiee a oeaeii aua
aini?iecaiaeeony, oioy iu ia iacaaee au niioaaonoaothuee iieacaoaeue
i/aiue aunieei – 3,04 (1995). Aeey aini?iecaiaenoaa ioaeii eiaoue
eiyooeoeeaio a n?aaeiai, a caaeneiinoe io aic?anoiie no?oeoo?u
ianaeaiey, io 2,15 aei 2,5.
?acaeoua ?aaeiiu a oeaeii iaoiaeyony ieaea a?aie i?inoiai
aini?iecaiaenoaa – 1,7-1, Iaiaa ?acaeoua a oeaeii eiatho ii/oe aaeaia
aieueoee iieacaoaeue – 3,38. Naiay aea aunieay ieiaeiaeoinoue i?e
iaeiio?iee?oaiie eeai neaai eiio?iee?oaiie ?iaeaeaaiinoe a a?oiia
neaai?acaeouo ?aaeiiia – 5,59.
Ii o?iaith ?iaeaeaaiinoe auaeaeyaony Ao?eea (5,58). A Acee, Eaoeineie
Aia?eea e ia Ea?eaao – 2,96; a Oeaio?aeueiie Aia?eea – 3,32; a THaeiie
Aia?eea – 2,86; a Ieaaiee – 2,48. Yoi ?aaeiiu ana aua auno?iai
aeaiia?aoe/aneiai ?inoa.
Ii noiia?iiio eiyooeoeeaioo ?iaeaeaaiinoe ?acei eiio?anoe?otho n ieie
Aa?iia (aac ?anioaeee auaoaai NNN?) – 1,59; Naaa?iay Aia?eea – 2,06;
Aano?aeey – Iiaay Caeaiaeey – 1,91. Niioaaonoaaiii e ?ino ianaeaiey oai
iaaaeee, iniaaiii a Aa?iia. A Naaa?iie Aia?eea e Aano?aeee – Iiaie
Caeaiaeee cia/eoaeueii aieueoa, ii aeaaiui ia?acii ca n/ao yiea?aoeee,
oiaaea eae ao?i-aceaoneea e eaoeiiaia?eeaineea no?aiu neoaeao ianoii
iooiea yiea?aioia.
Ieaaiey n aa ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoei ianaeaieai (28,5 iei. /aeiaae) e
Aano?aeey – Iiaay Caeaiaeey n ianaeaieai aua iaiueoei (21,7 iei.)
nouanoaaiioth ?ieue a naeaeaao ie?iaiai ianaeaiey ia ea?atho.
Iniaiyeii noiyo no?aiu NIA n iauae /eneaiiinoueth ianaeaiey ia 1 yiaa?y
1998a. – 284,97 iei. /aeiaae, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia ia?iiiie ieiuaaee a 22,1
iei. ei2. N 1995a. eo ianaeaiea, ca n/ao neaayineeo ?anioaeee, iniaaiii
?innee (n 1992a) e Oe?aeiu (n 1991a.), caiaoii nie?auaaony. A ia
neaayineea ?anioaeeee (?inneth, Oe?aeio, Aaei?onneth) i?eoiaeeony 70%
ianaeaiey NIA. Noiia?iue eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe a 1995 a. a ?innee –
1,53: a Oe?aeia – 1,64; a Aaei?onnee – 1,65. A ae?oaeo no?aiao NIA
iieacaoaeue io 2,10 (A?ocey) aei 4,70 (Oaaeaeeeenoai). Oae eee eia/a,
oa??eoi?ey Aa?acee, caieiaaiay ainoi/iineaayineeie ia?iaeaie, iinoaiaiii
oa?yao ianaeaiea. Noiia?iue eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe a ?innee e a
Oe?aeia iaoiieeii i?eaeeaeaaony e 1 (aaeeieoea).
?anniao?eaay iniiaiua ?aaeiiu ie?a, ioiaoei oa no?aiu, eioi?ua
ioee/athony io naiaai ?iaea «oeia» naieo eiioeiaioia. A Ao?eea (aaea
eiyooeoeeaio a oeaeii 5,58) ia?auatho ia naay aieiaiea no?aiu Naaa?iie
Ao?eee n eiyooeoeeaioii 3,96; i?e/ai a Aeaee?a ii ?aaai 3,63; a Aaeioa –
3,66; a a Ooiena – aeaaea 2,95. Neacuaaaony cia/eoaeueiia
aa?iiaece?iaaiiia aeeyiea. A Eeaeeneie A?aaneie Aeaeaiaoe?ee, aaea iuia
neeueiu iiceoeee eneaia, aunieee iieacaoaeue – 6,16, a ia?iiiii
a?aai-iaa?ieaeiii Noaeaia, aei eioi?iai caiaaeiay oeeaeeecaoeey ana aua
ia aeioea, – 5,55.
A THaeiie Ao?eea (n eiyooeoeeaioii 4,07) auaeaeyaony THaeii-Ao?eeaineay
?anioaeeea n eiyooeoeeaioii 3,95, ia eioi?oth i?eoiaeeony 41,5 iei. ec
47,4 iei. ianaeaiey anae THaeiie Ao?eee.
A Ainoi/iie Ao?eea ?acei auaeaeyaony iaaieueoie ino?ia Iaa?eeee n
eiyooeoeeaioii 2,31.
Caoi any Caiaaeiay Ao?eea n aa iaeaieueoei n?aaee ?aaeiiia iieacaoaeai
6,32 iaiau/aeii iaeii?iaeia, nin?aaeioi/eaay, iiaeaeoe, naioth aieueooth
a?oiio naiuo ionoaeuo no?ai.
Ainoi/iay Acey, aeaaiaea?y ia?iiiiio, aonoiianaeaiiiio Eeoath, eiaao
oaia?ue ioiineoaeueii oia?aiiue iieacaoaeue – 1,91; i?e/ai a Eeoaa ii
?aaai 1,95; a ?anioaeeea Ei?ay – 1,76; a a ssiiiee – aeaaea 1,50.
Caeanue aeaiia?aoe/anee oaa?aiii ?acaeaathony oieueei Iiiaieey (3,41) e
EIAe? (2,30).
Iieeoeea ia?aie/aiey ?iaeaeaaiinoe neacuaaaony e a THai-Ainoi/iie Acee
(3,16), aaea iaeiaiueoea eiyooeoeeaiou a eeoaeneii Neiaaio?a (1,73),
Oaeeaiaea (2,10) e Eiaeiiacee (2,77).
A inoaeueiuo ?aaeiiao Acee (THai-Oeaio?aeueiie e Caiaaeiie)
?iaeaeaaiinoue inoaaony i/aiue aunieie, iniaaiii a ionoeueiaineeo
no?aiao Caiaaeiie Acee (e?iia Ec?aeey), a Aoaaienoaia, E?aia, Iaeenoaia,
Aaiaeaaeao. A nouiinoe caeanue aacaea aini?iecaiaenoai ianaeaiey aanueia
?anoe?aiiia, e iaiaa cia/eoaeueiua eiyooeoeeaiou ana ?aaii auoa a?aie
i?inoiai aini?iecaiaenoaa: Ec?aeeue – 2,77; ioaa/aiiay aieiie O?e-Eaiea
– 2,39; iiiaieiioanneiiaeueiue Eeaai, oiaea ia?aaeei iiiaaeathuee a ciio
aiaiiuo eiioeeeoia, – 2,92. Ioioee io i/aiue aunieie ?iaeaeaaiinoe a
Oo?oeee (3,20) e Eoaaeoa (3,0), ii-i?aaeiaio aa nio?aiyao ia?iiiue
ethaeneie iannea Eiaeee (3,59).
Ia Ea?eaao iieacaoaeue ?iaeaeaaiinoe ioiineoaeueii iaaaeee, oioy e aieaa
eee iaiaa ii?iaeai – 2,71. Auoa ii ia Aaeoe (4,69) e a Aeiieieeaineie
?anioaeeea (2,04), ioiineoaeueii iaaunie ia Eoaa (1,82).
Cia/eoaeueii auoa iieacaoaeue a Oeaio?aeueiie Aia?eea (3,32); ii a
Iaeneea ii ?aaai 3,0; a Einoa-?eea – 3,05; a Iaiaia – 2,76. Yoe no?aiu
n/eoathony aieaa eoeueoo?iuie, iooiai e iieacaoaee ?iaeaeaaiinoe ieaea.
I?eia?ii ia oii aea o?iaia iaoiaeyony e iieacaoaee THaeiie Aia?eee
(2,86), aaea iaeiaiueoee o?iaaiue a O?oaaaa (2,29) eae aieaa
einoeoooeeiiaeueii noaaeeueiii ainoaea?noaa. Iaaunieee iieacaoaeue e a
ae?oaeo no?aiao THaeiie Aia?eee: a *eee – 2,49; a Eieoiaee – 2,58; a
A?aaioeia – 2,67; a A?aceeee – 2,77.
A Aa?iia nio?aiythony cia/eoaeueiua aioo?aiiea ?acee/ey: a Naaa?iie
Aa?iia eiyooeoeeaio – 1,85, oiaaea eae a THaeiie e Caiaaeiie – 1,4-1,5;
a a Ainoi/iie – 1,63. Ana yoi ciia onoie/eaie aeaiiioeyoeee, ii ana aea
ia yoii oiia iaeaieaa aeaaiiieo/iu oaeea no?aiu, eae E?eaiaeey (2,10),
Oaaoeey (2,10), Ii?aaaey (1,96), Oeieyiaeey (1,88). Naiua ieceea
eiyooeoeeaiou n?aaee no?ai Naaa?iie Aa?iiu a Ynoiiee e Eaoaee (1,64);
Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu – a Aieaa?ee e ?oiuiee (1,50); Caiaaeiie – a Aa?iaiee
(1,30); THaeiie – a Eoaeee (1,27) e Eniaiee (1,23).
A ?aiaee?iaaiiii ?yaeo no?ai ii noiia?iiio eiyooeoeeaioo ?iaeaeaaiinoe
aa?oiea nooiaie – nauoa 7 – caieiatho Eaiai, Ieaa?, Oaaiaea, io 6 aei 7
eiatho Iaeaae, Aiaiea, Iiai, Aaiei, Iaee, Yoeiiey, Niiaee, Aaeiay,
Aoaaienoai, Eeaa?ey, Ao?oiaee, Cae?, Eain, Oiai, Iicaiaee, ?oaiaea,
Nuea??a-Eaiia, Ao?eeia-Oani, Ieaa?ey, Naoaeianeay A?aaey, Eeaey, Eiiai,
Eaiey. Ieaie?iaaiea naiuee a ieo eeai ia oaeaaony, eeai aiiaua (a
ionoeueiaineeo no?aiao) cai?auaaony. Caeanue iao eiio?iey iaae
?iaeaeaaiinoueth. I?aiaeaaeaao neaai?acaeoinoue. Iai?ioea, ia ieaeiae
nooiaie iaoiaeyony no?aiu, ca ?aaeeei eneeth/aieai, iaeaieaa ?acaeoua,
eae i?aaeei, o ieo noiia?iue eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe ieaea 2. N?aaee
ieo ii/oe ana aa?iiaeneea no?aiu, Aano?aeey, Eaiaaea e ssiiiey. A
iineaaeiea aiaeu nthaea iiiaee Eeoae, Eoaa, Neiaaio?, ?anioaeeea Ei?ay.
NOA aeaaiaea?y naiei eniaiiycu/iiio e iaa?eoyineiio iaiueoeinoaai eiatho
/ooue aieueoa – 2,08.
Ia naiie ieaeiae nooiaie (1,50 e iaiaa) – ssiiiey, ?oiuiey, Aieaa?ey,
Neiaaiey, A?aoeey, Aa?iaiey. Caaa?oaao ?aiaee?iaaiiue ?yae Eniaiey
(1,2), ia/eiaao – Eaiai (7,37). ?acieoea iaaeaeo ieie – a 6 ?ac. ?inney
a 1999 a. (1,2) n?aaiyeanue n Eniaieae.
Iaeioi?ia cia/aiea eiaao aiaeec aeaiiuo i /enea ?iaeaeaiee o aeaiuei
15-]9 eao (ia 1000). Ai iiiaeo ia?acaeouo no?aiao ni neaai ?aaoee?oaiie
?iaeaeaaiinoueth ?iaeaeaaiinoue a yoie aic?anoiie a?oiia ninoaaeyao io
241 (Aaeiay) aei 100 /aeiaae (Aionaaia), oiaaea eae ai anai ie?a – 60, a
a ?acaeouo ?aaeiiao – 32. Iaeiaei yoa iineaaeiyy oeeo?a aucaaia
aeinoaoi/ii aaniiui o?iaiai a CLLIA – 64, oiaaea eae a Aa?iia – 27, a
Aano?aeee – Iiaie Caeaiaeee – 24, a Ieaaiee – 28. Aeaaea a a?oiia no?ai
n eiyooeoeeaioii 50-100 anaai /aou?a ?acaeoua no?aiu – NOA, A?iaiey,
Aieaa?ey, A?ocey. Iniiaiay eo ianna a a?oiia n eiyooeoeeaioii ieaea 50;
a ?innee – 37; 10 e iaiaa eiatho Aaeueaey, O?aioeey, Eoaeey, Neiaaio?,
Ieaea?eaiaeu, ?anioaeeea Ei?ay, Aiieiia, Oaaeoea?ey, ssiiiey. Iineaaeiyy
(n eiyooeoeeaioii 4) caiueaao ?aiaee?iaaiiue ?yae.
Ioiaoei, /oi aunieee o?iaaiue ?iaeaeaiee o aeaiuei iacaaiiie aic?anoiie
a?oiiu a ia?acaeouo no?aiao iiiiaaao ieaaeaioeai auaeeaaoue, eai
iieiaeua iaoa?e i?iecaiaeyo, eae i?aaeei, aieaa aeecianiiniaiia
iioiinoai.
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