?AOA?AO
II AAIA?AOEE OIINEIE IAEANOE
Oaia: Eana ai?iaea Oiinea
Ai?iaeneeie eanaie yaeythony ianaaeaeaiey, ?aniieiaeaiiua aia ai?iaeneie
cano?ieee, ii iaoiaeyueany a i?aaeaeao th?eaee/aneeo a?aieoe ai?iaea.
O/eouaay aieueoia yeieiae/aneia cia/aiea eaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoe ia
caieyo ai?iaeneeo iinaeaiee, a oaeaea aeeeoaeueiinoue, cao?aoiinoue e
i?iaeaiaoe/iinoue aini?iecaiaenoaa eaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoe a ai?iaeneeo
oneiaeyo iniai aaaeai yooaeoeaiue eiio?ieue ca eo ninoiyieai e
eniieueciaaiea a caaeneiinoe io eo naienoa e ooieoeeiiaeueiiai
iacia/aiey.
Ai?iae Oiine yaeyaony iaeiei ec iaiiiaeo ai?iaeia ?innee, aaea eana
caieiatho ieiei 30% aai oa??eoi?ee. Ieiuaaeue ai?iaeneeo eania ia
oa??eoi?ee a. Oiinea ii aeaiiui eanieiaaioa?ecaoeee 2002 a. ninoaaeyao
8293 aa [4].
Iauay ieiuaaeue ai?iaeneeo eania a. Oiinea ninoaaeyao 8293 aa. A ninoaa
caiaeue eaniiai oiiaea ai?iaea aoiaeyo Ai?iaeneia, Eoae?ianeia,
Aiaaoaaneia, Aa?oeieineia, ?uaaeianeia, Ei?ieeianeia eanie/anoaa.
Oa??eoi?ey ai?iaeneeo eania ?acaeaeaia ia 93 eaa?oaea, n?aaeiyy
ieiuaaeue caiaeue, iie?uouo eaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth, iaoiaeyueony a
i?aaeaeao eaa?oaea, ninoaaeyao 89 aa.
Ii?iaeiue ninoaa e aic?anoiay no?oeoo?a ai?iaeneeo eania
A eaniie oiiae ai?iaeneeo eania aoiaeyo 10 ae?aaaniuo ii?iae, ii eo
o/anoea a iai ia?aaiiia?iia. Iniiaiie oii eania nicaeaaony iaee/eai a
iai o?ao iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo ii?iae – aa?acu (33,2% eaniiie?uoie
ieiuaaee), ineiu (24,8%) e niniu (22,1%) – niaieoiiia ?ani?ino?aiaiea
eioi?uo ioaaouaaao /aou?a iyouo caiaeue, iie?uouo eaniie
?anoeoaeueiinoueth (80,1% – 6597 aa).
Iacia/eoaeueiia i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai (iaiaa 1,0% ia ii?iaeo) eiatho eeai,
eaae? (0,4%), eenoaaiieoea (0,5%) e oiiieue (0,6%), eioi?ua a
niaieoiiinoe caieiatho 126 aa (1,5%).
A ai?iaeneeo eana i?enoonoaotho oaeaea aeue (4,2%), ieooa (6,1%) e eaa
ae?aaiaeaeiay (8,1%); eo niaieoiiay ieiuaaeue ?aaia 1520 aa (18,4%).
Ca eneeth/aieai eeaia, iaee/ea inoaeueiuo ii?iae i?aaeii?aaeaeaii
ianoiuie eeeiaoe/aneeie e ii/aaiiuie oneiaeyie.
Ianaaeaeaiey ai?iaeneeo eania niaoaiiua e eiatho aeiaieueii neiaeiue
ii?iaeiue ninoaa. Iyaeieenoaaiiua ii?iaeu yaeythony i?aiaeaaeathueie, e
iei ioiinyony aa?aca, ineia, oiiieue, eaa ae?aaiaeaeiay. Oaieiua ii?iaeu
(ninia, aeue, ieooa, eenoaaiieoea, eaae?) caieiatho iaiueoa ieiuaaee.
Aianoa n oai ioia/aaony iaee/ea oaeeo ii?iae eio?iaeooeaioia, eae:
eeai, ayc, aeoa, eeia, yaeiiy, eioi?ua ianiio?y ia naia iaeia
eiee/anoai, oai ia iaiaa yaeythony oe?aoaieai ai?iaeneeo eania. Iaeaieaa
oeaiiie oaieiie ii?iaeie a i?e?iaeiii e enoi?e/aneii ioiioaiee yaeyaony
eaae?.
A ninoaaa ianaaeaeaiee oaieiiai oicyenoaa 19% i?aaenoaaeaii eenoaaiiuie
ii?iaeaie, a a ninoaaa ianaaeaeaiee iyaeieenoaaiiiai oicyenoaa
i?enoonoaea oaieiuo ii?iae ninoaaeyao 7% [4].
Naiua noa?oea eaniua eoeueoo?u auee nicaeaiu a 1931 aiaeo, eioi?ua aua
nio?aieeenue ia oa??eoi?ee a 2,3 aa. Niniiaue ai? a ?aeiia
ineoaieueieoeu aue iinaaeai a 1953 aiaeo. A iineaaeothuea aiaeu aieioue
aei 1997 aiaea i?iaeieaeaeenue iinaaeee eoeueoo?.
N?aaeiee aic?ano ai?iaeneeo eania 70 eao, /oi oeacuaaao ia
ioiineoaeueioth iieiaeinoue. Ioiineoaeueiay iieiaeinoue ianaaeaeaiee e
eo i?iaeoeoeaiinoue aeatho aeinoaoi/ii aunieea iieacaoaee n?aaeieo
eciaiaiee caiania ia 1 aa.
Ii aic?anoiie no?oeoo?a iieiaeio caiaeue eaniiai oiiaea (51,1%)
caieiatho n?aaeiaaic?anoiua ae?aainoie; au? o?aouey /anoue (32,0%)
i?eoiaeeony ia niaeua e ia?anoieiua.
A oaieiii oicyenoaa aieaa /aou?ao iyouo ieiuaaee caiyoi
n?aaeiaaic?anoiuie (83,1%), a ieiuaaee inoaeueiuo a?oii aic?anoa ii/oe
?aaiiaaeeee ae?oa ae?oao (io 5,0% aei 6,4%). Ia?anoieiua ae?aainoie
ionoonoaotho, a niaeuo – 5,5%.
A iyaeieenoaaiiii oicyenoaa aeiieie?otho niaeua e ia?anoieiua
ae?aainoie, caieiay ii/oe iieiaeio ieiuaaee oicyenoaa (45,3%), a o?aouey
/anoue (35,1%) caiyoa n?aaeiaaic?anoiuie. Ieiuaaeue iieiaeiyeia (5,9%)
ii/oe a aeaa ?aca iaiueoa, /ai ieiuaaeue i?eniaaathueo (13,7%).
Ieiuaaeue ia?anoieiuo ianaaeaeaiee 10,4%.
Oaa?aeieenoaaiiia oicyenoai i?aaenoaaeaii 2 aa n?aaeiaaic?anoiiai
ianaaeaeaiey eeaia, /oi ninoaaeyao 0,02% ieiuaaee ianaaeaeaiee e ieeae
ia aeeyao ia iauoth no?oeoo?o eaniiai oiiaea.
Oaeei ia?acii, iauee caian ianaaeaeaiee ?aaai 1466,4 oun.i3, ec ieo
caian n?aaeiaaic?anoiuo – 827,9 oun.i3 (56,4%), a niaeuo e ia?anoieiuo –
434,0 oun. i3 (29,6%). Caian ianaaeaeaiee oaieiiai oicyenoaa ninoaaeyao
666,2 oun.i3, o.a. 45,4% iauaai caiana.
Iniiaiua oeiu eaniuo eaiaeoaooia
Aeey iaeiie ec ioeaiie ai?iaeneiai eana eniieuecoaony eeanneoeeaoeey
aeaeaiey aai oa??eoi?ee ii oeiieiaee eaniuo eaiaeoaooia (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoea 1
Iniiaiua oeiu eaniuo eaiaeoaooia
A??a ?????O?u ???o?aE??ay ??????? ????ia1. C???a
?????? a) Ae???? ????????????e, ???a 0,6-1,0 I?iy??ua, ??? e ????a ????e
n ???????e ?????ueth ?? e ??i-??? ?????i ????. a) Ae???? ?????? ?????e,
???a 0,6-1,0 Ae?oy???, ???????i ??i????? e ????a ????e n ????i ??????
????. O??i ???? ?a-???? n???ey ???a e ??, ????u ???? e ????
????e.2.I????-?a ?????? a) E????a ????e n ?????i ?????i ????, ???a
0,3-0,5E????a ????e n ???a?? ?????i ????. O??ay ??????, ???? ??u. A??th
?? ??? ???? ???. a) E????a ae???? n ????i ?????i ????,
i??? 0,3-0,5Ae???? n ??????i ?????i ???? a ???o ????e ??a? e n????
?????? ???. Ia??a ?eyi. I???e ???? ???. I??a ??????, ??? ???. 3. I???a
?????? a) O??? n ????? ???y? I????a ??i ??e n ????i ?????i ???? e ????
?????.a) O??? ?c ????e ??????? E??a e ? ??? ??e, ??? ?????? e ???.
Eaniie oiiae ai?iaeneeo eania a. Oiinea a iniiaiii i?aaenoaaeai
cae?uouie oeiaie eaniuo eaiaeoaooia (70,9%); iieoioe?uouo i?ino?ainoa –
28,7%; ioe?uouo i?ino?ainoa o/oaii 0,4% [4].
?ae?aaoeeiiiay oeaiiinoue ai?iaeneeo eania
?ae?aaoeeiiiay oeaiiinoue oa??eoi?ee eania oa?aeoa?ecoaony oaeeie
iieacaoaeyie, eae onoie/eainoue ianaaeaeaiee, i?ioiaeeiinoue e
i?iniao?eaaaiinoue o/anoeia.
Iieacaoaeue onoie/eainoe oa?aeoa?ecoao iauaa ninoiyiea ianaaeaeaiee,
ea/anoai ?inoa e ?acaeoey, o?iaaiue anoanoaaiiiai aiciaiiaeaiey,
niiniaiinoue ianaaeaeaiee i?ioeainoiyoue iaaeaaii?eyoiui oneiaeyi (oaae.
2).
Oaaeeoea 2
Oeaea ioeaiee onoie/eainoe ianaaeaeaiee
N???
??????O??????a ???e ?????? e ???? ????1I????y ????? ????, ???? ??a;
???o, ???? e ??e ?????e ??? ???ai ???? e ????th ????o ??o. Cae??? ???? a
???o ????eyo ? ??a 90%, a a ????? – 70%.2I????y n ?????i ???, ??? ????i
??u o ??e ????; ???a ?? e ???a ???-???y; ???o ?????o ?e ???????e; ??e
?????e ??? a ?????? ???e ????u; ??a ????a. Cae??? ????a a ???o ????eyo ?
71 ? 90%, a a ????? – 51-70%.3I????a n ??i ?????i ???; ???o ?????o; ????
e ??e ?????e ??? ????u; ??a ??o?? ?a ??a; ??? ???y ?atho ?????? ?????y
e? ??u ???ey ?????, ??c?e. C???? ???? a ???o ????eyo 51-70%, a ????uo –
31-50%.4I????y n ??????ny ???. I???, ???? e ??e ?????e ??? ????otho; ??a
??? ????. E??y ????? i???a, ??? ???i ????? ???? a ??th????th ??eth.
C???o ???? a ???o ????eyo ??a 50%, a ????? – 30%.
N?aaeiyy noaiaiue onoie/eainoe ai?iaeneeo eania ii?aaeaeaia eae 1,4,
o.a. aeiaieueii aunieay, 95,6% ianaaeaeaiee eiatho 1 e 2 noaiaie
onoie/eainoe. Yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioai iauai
ninoiyiee ianaaeaeaiee.
Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee oeaiiinoe o/anoea eniieuecoaony oeaea ioeaiee
i?ioiaeeiinoe (oaae.3).
O??? 3
O?? ??? ?????? ???a
IoeaieaOa?aeoa? i?ioiaeeiinoeOi?ioayIa?aaeaeaeaiea oaeiaii ai anao
iai?aaeaieyoN?aaeiyyIa?aaeaeaeaiea ia?aie/aii ii iaeioi?ui
iai?aaeaieyiIeioayIa?aaeaeaeaiea cao?oaeiaii ai anao iai?aaeaieyo
A ai?iaeneeo eanao i?aiaeaaeaao n?aaeiyy noaiaiue i?ioiaeeiinoe auaeaeia
(74,0%) o.a. ia?aaeaeaeaiea ia?aie/aii ii iaeioi?ui iai?aaeaieyi,
oi?iooth i?ioiaeeiinoue eiatho 18,3% eania. Ieioay i?ioiaeeiinoue ia
7,7% ieiuaaee iauaeoa.
I?iniao?eaaaiinoue eee iaic?aaaaiinoue eaiaeoaooiiai auaeaea yaeyaony
iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo iieacaoaeae ynoaoe/aneiai aini?eyoey.
I?iniao?eaaaiinoue caaeneo io iaee/ey, auniou e aonoiou iiae?inoa eee
iiaeeanea, aonoiou e oa?aeoa?a ?aciauaiey aea?aaueaa a ae?aainoia,
niieiooinoe ae?aaaniiai iieiaa e naycaiiie n yoei inaauaiiinoe o/anoea.
I???????? ?e i??????ue ???ey?ny ???yi?i, ?e ???i ??i ????? ? ??? ??? ???
e ??? y???u ????a (??. 4).
A ai?iaeneeo eanao a. Oiinea i?aiaeaaeatho o/anoee ni n?aaeiae
noaiaiueth i?iniao?eaaaiinoe (64,2%), o.a. iaic?eiinoue a ieo ia
i?aauoaao ?annoiyiey aieaa 40 i. Oi?iooth i?iniao?eaaaiinoue eiatho
28,0% ieiuaaee iauaeoa, ieiooth – 7,8% [4].
Oaaeeoea 4
Oeaea ioeaiee i?iniao?eaaaiinoe o/anoea
Ioeaiea?annoiyiea, iOi?ioay41 e aieaaN?aaeiyy21-40Ieioayiaiaa 20
Io?aia ai?iaeneeo eania a. Oiinea
Inouanoaeaiea ooieoeee e ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia, caueoa, ?aoeeiiaeueiiio
eniieueciaaieth e aini?iecaiaenoao ai?iaeneeo eania, a niioaaonoaee n
Eaniui eiaeaenii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aeieaeiu auiieiyoueny
ainoaea?noaaiiie eaniie io?aiie, eanoicaie e niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuie
i?aaiecaoeeyie oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaia oi?aaeaiey eaniui oicyenoaii [8].
Eaniainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ia?ii?eyoey. Aini?iecaiaenoai ai?iaeneeo eania
iaania/eaaaony naiaa?aiaiiui i?iaaaeaieai eaniainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo
ia?ii?eyoee, iaania/eaathueo iiyaeaiea eaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoe a ianoao,
aaea ean iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii naaaeai /aeiaaeii eee iiaea a
?acoeueoaoa i?e?iaeiie eaoano?iou (ia au?oaeao e ae?oaeo, ia iie?uouo
eanii caieyo); oeo/oaieai ii?iaeiiai ninoaaa a ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiey
?oaie, ooiaeii ca eanii e ae?oaeie eanioicyenoaaiiuie ?aaioaie;
aaaaeaieai ae?aaaniuo e eonoa?ieeiauo ii?iae, onoie/eauo e
?ae?aaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee [6].
I?ioeaiiiaea?iua ia?ii?eyoey. Iiaea? yaeyaony iaeiei ec naiuo iianiuo e
oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo a?aaia eana. Aeaaea i?e neaaii ieciaii iiaea?a
iiaeaaao eaniie iieiaeiye. Anee i?e aicieeiiaaiee iiaea?a ia i?eiyoue
yooaeoeaiuo ia? aeey aai oooaiey, iaiiue iiaeao ?ani?ino?aieoueny ia
aieueoea ieiuaaee, ?acaeoueny aei ?acia?ia noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey e
iaianoe ia?iiiue oua?a.
A iniiao ioeaiee noaiaie iiaea?iie iianiinoe, eioi?ay ii?aaeaeyaony ii
eaaeaeiio auaeaeo, iieiaeaiu oeiu eana, i?aiaeaaeathuea ii?iaeu,
oa?aeoa? iiae?inoa, noaiaiue caoeaieaiiinoe e o.i. [3].
A nenoaio aa?aaeiiai eniieueciaaiey e aini?iecaiaenoaa ?ae?aaoeeiiiuo
eania aoiaeeo eo io?aia io iacaeiiiiai io/oaeaeaiey, eniieueciaaiey e
cano?ieee eaniuo caiaeue, naiiaieueiuo ii?oaie, iia?aaeaeaiee
ianaaeaeaiee, iia?aaeaeaiey ae?aainoiaa iiaea?aie.
Io?aia eania inouanoaeyaony n o/aoii eo aeieiae/aneeo e eiuo
iniaaiiinoae e aeeth/aao a naay eiiieaen i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, i?aaiauo e
ae?oaeo ia? ii ?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth e nio?aiaieth eania [9].
Any oa??eoi?ey ai?iaeneeo eania yaeyaony ciiie iacaiiie io?aiu eania.
Io?aia eania io iiaea?ia iaania/eaaaony i?ioeaiiiaea?iui iaono?ienoaii
oa??eoi?ee, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieai eaniuo iiaea?ia, eo iaia?oaeaieai,
ia?aie/aieai ?ani?ino?aiaiey e oooaiey [8].
Ii iniiaiui n?aaenoaii ai?ueau n ?acee/iuie aeaeaie ia?ooaiee iiaaaeaiey
a eano yaeyaony eo i?ioeeaeoeea, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea. Iaiaoiaeeia
nenoaiaoe/aneay ?acuynieoaeueiay ?aaioa n?aaee ianaeaiey: caiaoee a
ianoiie ia/aoe, aunooieaiey ii ianoiiio ?aaeei, aanaaeu a oeieao,
i?aaiecaoeey iaaeyaeiie aaeoaoeee e ae?oaea ia?ii?eyoey ii
i?ioeaiiiaea?iiio ono?ienoao:
1) I?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua ia?ii?eyoey: eaniiiaea?iay i?iiaaaiaea
(iinoiyiiua noaiaeu, i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua aioeaae, i?iaaaeaiea eaeoeee e
aanaae n?aaee ianaeaiey, ?ani?ino?aiaiea eenoiaie, acyoea iiaeienie i
niaethaeaiee i?aaee iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe o ?aaioathueo a eano); eaniay
?ae?aaoeey (i?aaiecaoeey iano ioaeuoa e eo?aiey, ono?ienoai ieiuaaeie
aeey noiyiie oo?enoia, no?ieoaeuenoai noiyiie aeey aaoio?ainii?oa);
eiio?ieue ca niaethaeaieai o?aaiaaiee i?aaee iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe a
eanao (i?aaiecaoeee iao?oeueiuo ia?o?ooia eaniie io?aiu, i?aaiecaoeey
eiio?ieueiuo iinoia i?e auacaea a ean);
2) Ia?ii?eyoey ii ia?aie/aieth ?ani?ino?aiaiey iiaea?ia: ono?ienoai
ieia?aeeciaaiiuo iiein aie?oa eoeueoo?, oaieiuo iieiaeiyeia e aaeieue
aei?ia; ono?ienoai ieia?aeeciaaiiuo iiein ii eaa?oaeueiui i?inaeai;
ooiae ca ieia?aeeciaaiiuie iieinaie; nicaeaiea iiaea?ionoie/eauo iiooae;
3) I?aaiecaoeey nayce (i?eia?aoaiea e iniauaiea eaniie io?aiu
?aaeeioaeaoiiaie);
4) Ia?ii?eyoey ii ai?ueaa n iiaea?aie: i?aaiecaoeey ioieoia iiaea?iiai
eiaaioa?y; ono?ienoai iiaeuacaeiuo iooae e aiaeiaiai [3].
E?iia oiai, o?aaoaony aaaeaiea iinoiyiiiai iaaethaeaiey ca naieoa?iui
ninoiyieai eania, naiaa?aiaiiia auyaeaiea i/aaia a?aaeeoaeae e aieaciae
eana, i?iaaaeaiea ia? ii i?ioeeaeoeea aicieeiiaaiey oeacaiiuo i/aaia, eo
eieaeecaoeee e eeeaeaeaoeee, aaaeaiea e ae?oaeo eanicaueoiuo
ia?ii?eyoee:
1) iiieoi?eia anae oa??eoi?ee ai?iaeneeo eania; auai?i/iue iaaeci? ca
iiyaeaieai i/aaia a?aaeeoaeae e aieaciae eana;
2) nicaeaiea e i?aaiecaoeey ?aaiou oeieueiuo eanie/anoa;
3) i?eia?aoaiea eaai?aoi?iiai iai?oaeiaaiey, iaaeyaeiuo iiniaee,
eeoa?aoo?u; i?iiaaaiaea eanicaueou [3].
Ooieoeeiiaeueiia ciie?iaaiea oa??eoi?ee eania a. Oiinea
A oneiaeyo o?aaiece?iaaiiie ai?iaeneie n?aaeu nio?aieoue eana aiciiaeii
i?e oneiaee i?aaiecaoeee niaoeeoe/iie oi?iu aaaeaiey a ieo oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ay au o/eouaaea a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eo
yeieiae/aneia e ?ae?aaoeeiiiia iacia/aiea. A oeaeyo iiauoaiey
yooaeoeaiinoe oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe ai?iaeneea eana, a nayce n eo
i?e?iaeiie iaiaeii?iaeiinoueth, iiaeeaaeao ciie?iaaieth ii i?eciaeai
yeieiae/aneie e ?ae?aaoeeiiiie oeaiiinoe [1].
N iiiaioa ia?aaea/e ai?iaeo cia/eoaeueiie ieiuaaee caiaeue, iie?uouo
eaniie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth, yoe eana noaee iauaeoii eioa?ana ?acee/iuo
i?aaiecaoeee [2].
Oae, Eiieoao ii caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caieaono?ienoao a. Oiinea a 1999
a. a ieaia naieo ?aaio i?aaeoniao?eaae i?iaaaeaiea
yeieiai-?ae?aaoeeiiiiai ciie?iaaiey ai?iaeneeo eania n iineaaeothuae
?ac?aaioeie ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii oicyenoaaiiie e i?e?iaeiio?aiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe a eanao ai?iaea.
A oii aea 1999 a. IEEAA ii caaeaieth Eiieoaoa yeieiaee a. Oiinea i?iaae
enneaaeiaaiea yeieiae/aneiai ninoiyiey eania ai?iaea e inouanoaee eo
ooieoeeiiaeueiia ciie?iaaiea (oaae. 5).
I?eioeeiu, iieiaeaiiua a iniiao auaeaeaiey ooieoeeiiaeueiuo cii,
io?aaeaiu a eo iaeiaiiaaieyo:
Iniai io?aiyaiua i?e?iaeiua oa??eoi?ee – yoi a iniiaiii ianaaeaeaiey
eneonnoaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey e ia niieioaoeany eaniua eoeueoo?u, a
oaeaea oa??eoi?ee, i?eiueathuea e ai?iaeo n thaa e aeaeaa e thaeiie
a?aieoea ai?iaeneiai ia?aciaaiey a onouea ?. Aanaiaeaeea – ianoa,
o?aaeeoeeiiii eniieuecoaiua aeey eaoiaai ioaeuoa e /anoue io?aiyaiie
i?e?iaeiie oa??eoi?ee aa?aaiaiai neeiia ?. Oiie iaaeaeo a. Oiine e
n.Eiea?iai, (a niioaaonoaee n Iinoaiiaeaieai Aaeieieno?aoeee Oiineie
iaeanoe io 16.01.96a. ?7) [5].
Oa??eoi?ey aa?aaiaiai neeiia ?. Oiie iaaeaeo a. Oiineii, n. Eiea?iai e
aaoiaei?iaie Oiine – Eiea?iai iauyaeaia iniai io?aiyaiie i?e?iaeiie
oa??eoi?eae ?ae?aaoeeiiiiai iacia/aiey ia iniiaaiee iao/iuo
enneaaeiaaiee nio?oaeieeia IEEAA i?e OAO.
?aeii i?eo?i/ai e e?aaaie /anoe iaaeaeo?a/uey Oiie e Aanaiaeaeee e
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiieciaaie eaiaeoaoo.
A ianoa ia?ana/aiey aeaiiiai o/anoea aacii?iaiaeii ia?aciaaeanue na?ey
iiieciae e aeoaieeo ia?aaia, eioi?ua nicaeaee aaa?eeioth neooaoeeth ia
iauaeoa. Aeoeae?iaaeenue iiieciaaua i?ioeannu a ?aeiia i?ioeeaeoi?ey
«Yia?aaoee». Iiae oa?icie iiieciy iaoiaeyony ie/o?eineea o/anoee
naaeiaiai iauanoaa «Neiee ooan».
?acaeoua caeanue eaniua ianneau aneaaenoaea i?e?a/iiai e i?eai?iaeiiai
?aniieiaeaiey oa??eoi?ee, aa y?iceiiiie iianiinoe e i?aiaeaaeathuaai
?acaeoey neeiiiaiai oeia ianoiinoe auiieiytho ia?iiioth n?aaeicaueoioth
e n?aaeiia?acothuoth iaa?oceo.
Ynoaoe/aneay i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue e eiio?anoiinoue ianoiuo eaiaeoaooia,
oi?ioay o?ainii?oiay aeinooiiinoue iaoneiaeee eioaineaiia ?ae?aaoeeiiiia
eniieueciaaiea yoie oa??eoi?ee.
Ia?niaeoeaa ?acaeoey IIIO ii?aaeaeyaony nio?aiaieai oeie/iuo e
oieeaeueiuo i?e?iaeiuo eiiiiiaioia e yeinenoai (aei?aciiia?acea) [5] .
Aiaeiio?aiiay ciia – ciia eania, auaeaeaiiay a oeaeyo nio?aiaiey oneiaee
ieoaiey iiaecaiiuo enoi/ieeia aiaeu (aiaeicaai?iuo neaaaeei e
naiieceeaathueony enoi/ieeia iiaecaiiie aiaeu); aa?aaicaueoiua o/anoee
eana, noi?ie?iaaiiua a iniiaiii aeaeaie ?iaee Eaa n iieiaiii-o?aayiui
?anoeoaeueiui iie?iaii, i?eo?i/aiiua e aa?aaai ??.Ooaeea, Ee?aecea e
ae?., iniiaiie yeieiae/aneie ooieoeeae, eioi?uo- caueoa aa?aaia ?ae io
?aciuaa iniaaiii ai a?aiy aanaiieo iaaiaeeia.
Caueoiua iieinu aaeieue aei?ia – auaeaeaiu a ianaaeaeaieyo,
?aniieiaeaiiuo aaeieue iniiaiuo aaoiiiaeeueiuo oinnaeiuo aei?ia.
Caueoiua iieinu (ia?anoeeeu) – i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey caueou ia?anoeeeu
oeaiiuo i?iiuneiauo ?ua a eaaiaa?aaeiie iieia ?.Oiie (auaeaeaiu ia
iniiaaiee Iinoaiiaeaiey I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?NON? 554 io 26.10.73.),
auaeaeaiu eaiyee ii thaeiie ieiia/iinoe ica?a Naiiay eo?uey.
Caueoiay ciia NOE – ciia eania, ?aniieiaeaiiay a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
aeecinoe e caieyi CAOI a.Naaa?ne, caieiaao niaie ana i?ino?ainoai
Eociaeaaneie eaniie aea/e e ?ani?ino?aiyaony io naaa?iie a?aieoeu
ai?iaea ia tha ia ?annoiyiea aei 18 ei. I?aaeiacia/aia aeey caueou
ianaeaiey ai?iaea e ai?iaeneie n?aaeu io caa?yciaiey aoiinoa?iiai
aicaeooa ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie e oeie/aneeie aauanoaaie. Ianaaeaeaiey
caueoiiai iiyna NOE aeieaeiu iaeaaeaoue ieceei eeannii iiaea?iie
iianiinoe, iineieueeo iie iiaoo auoue na?ueaciie i?e/eiie aoi?e/iiai
caa?yciaiey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ?aaeeiioeeeaeaie a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey
eaniuo iiaea?ia. Ianneau aie?oa NOE aeieaeiu eiaoue aonooth naoue
ieia?aeeciaaiiuo iiein e i?ioeaiiiaea?iuo ?ac?uaia. A iiaea?iiianiue
ia?eiae aeinooi ianaeaieth a yoe ianneau aeieaeai i?ae?auaoueny.
Aeaaiuie ii?iaeaie a yoie ciia aeieaeiu auoue eenoaaiiua ii?iaeu,
oaieiua ianaaeaeaiey caeanue ia oianoiu ec-ca iiauoaiiie iiaea?iie
iianiinoe.
I?ioeaiy?iceiiiay ciia – o/anoee eania, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia neeiiao
e?ooeciie aieueoa 10 a?aaeonia. Iniiaiia yeieiae/aneia iacia/aiea yoeo
eania – caueoa neeiiia io iianiiai ?acaeoey y?iceiiiuo i?ioeannia.
E, iaeiiaoe, naieoa?iay ciia, eoaea aioee oa??eoi?ee a eaeie-oi ia?a ia
ioaa/aaoea ooieoeeyi ia?a/eneaiiuo auoa cii. Iia iauaaeeiyao iaeeea
iicae/ii ?aca?inaiiua o/anoee a n?aaeiae e thaeiie /anoe ai?iaeneeo
eania [6].
A iauae nenoaia eaniaiaenoaaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii ?aoeeiiaeueiiio
eniieueciaaieth eania aeey ioaeuoathueo aaaeiia ianoi caieiaao
?ae?aaoeeiiiia ?aeiie?iaaiea. Iii aeieaeii ?ac?aaaouaaoueny ia iniiaa
iauae oa?aeoa?enoeee eania Oiinea, a?oii oeiia eana n eniieueciaaieai
noaiu eo ?aciauaiey. I?e yoii aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny aeaiiua ii ioeaiee
eeeiaoa, ii/a, aiaeiuo ?ano?nia, o?aaiecaoeey, eiioi?oiinoue eaoiaai e
ceiiaai ioaeuoa, ninoiyiea o?ainii?oiie naoe, ?ae?aaoeeiiiay ioeaiea
eaniuo caiaeue, eo onoie/eainoue o ae?. [9].
Oaaeeoea 5
?ani?aaeaeaiea ieiuaaee ai?iaeneeo eania ii ooieoeeiiaeueiui ciiai
?Ooieoeeiiaeueiua ciiuIauay ieiuaaeue, (aa)%1.Iniai io?aiyaiua
i?e?iaeiua oa??eoi?ee109213,22.Aiaeiio?aiiay ciia89510,23.Caueoiua
iieinu aaeieue aei?ia6808,24.Caueoiua iieinu (ia?anoeeeu)220,25.Caueoiay
ciia NOE360243,46.I?ioeaiy?iceiiiay ciia6698,17.Naieoa?iay ciia
133316,1Anaai8293100,0
Ia iniiaaiee auoa eceiaeaiiiai ii ?ae?aaoeeiiiui i?eciaeai auaeaeythony
neaaeothuea eaoaai?ee:
1. Ciiu eiiieaeniie ?ae?aaoeee iauae ieiuaaeueth 623 aa, auiieiythuea
neaaeothuea ooieoeee – icaei?iaeoaeueioth, caiyoey oece/aneie
eoeueoo?ie, i?aaieciaaiiue aeieain?i/iue ioaeuo, ieeieeiaue ioaeuo,
niae?aoaeuenoai a?eaia e iiciaaaoaeueioth. A yoeo ciiao iaoiaeyony
ieiia?neea eaaa?y e niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey aeey icaei?iaeaiey
e ioaeuoa ianaeaiey.
2. Ciiu eiiieaeniie ?ae?aaoeee n i?aiaeaaeaieai caiyoee oece/aneie
eoeueoo?ie e nii?oii ieiuaaeueth 479,3 aa.
3. Ciiu aeoeaiiai ioaeuoa ianaeaiey. Aeeth/atho o/anoee eana,
i?eeaaathuea e ioaeaeueiui ianaeaiiui ioieoai e aeeeui eaa?oaeai a.
Oiinea. Oe?eia yoeo o/anoeia, niaeanii Ii?iaoeaai, ii Oiineie iaeanoe
ninoaaeyao aei 1 ei. Iauay eo ieiuaaeue 1716,6 aa.
4. Ea/aaiay ciia aie?oa Iaeanoiie eeeie/aneie aieueieoeu ieiuaaeueth 126
aa, a niioaaonoaee n Iinoaiiaeaieai io 06.06.1995 a. Iy?ee a. Oiinea,
iaaeaeaia noaoonii iniai io?aiyaiie icaei?iaeoaeueiie oa??eoi?ee.
Iniiaiua iacia/aiea yoeo caiaeue – yoi oi?ie?iaaiea caei?iaie
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu aeey i?ioeeaeoeee e ea/aiey ianaeaiey.
5. I?i/ea – yoi o/anoee ai?iaenei oa??eoi?ee n ieceei ?ae?aaoeeiiiui
iioaioeeaeii: o/anoee aie?oa ai?iaeneeo eaa?oaeia; o/anoee aaeieue ?ae;
o/anoee aaeieue aei?ia [4].
?ae?aaoeeiiiia ?aeiie?iaaiea iicaieyao ?ac?aaioaoue no?aoaaeth
eanioicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iii yaeyaony aaaeiui yeaiaioii i?e
?ac?aaioea noai ?ae?aaoeeiiiiai eniieueciaaiey ai?iaeneeo eania.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIUO ENOI*IEEIA E EEOA?AOO?U
1. Aacaiia A.A., Nioaiue E.A. Yeieiai-?ae?aaoeeiiiia ciie?iaaiea eaniiai
oiiaea a. Oiinea. Iaoa?eaeu. Ana?inn. eiioa?. « I?iaeaiu ?aaeiiaeueiie
yeieiaee». Aui. 8.- Iiaineae?ne, 2000.-n.115-120.
2. Caeii Oiineie iaeanoe « Ia ioianaiee caiaeue e nianoaaiiinoe Oiineie
iaeanoe» io 23.10.98 a.
3. Ean e io?aia i?e?iaeu/ Iiae ?aae. Neieoeeia N.A.- I.: Eaniay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue,1980.- 287n.
4. Eanieiaaioa?ecaoeey ai?iaeneeo eania ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey
«Ai?iae Oiine». Iiynieoaeueiay caienea. Oiine, 2003.
5. Iniai-io?aiyaiua i?e?iaeiua oa??eoi?ee Oiineie iaeanoe: O/aaii –
ni?aai/. iinia./ Aaeai A.I., ?aaooeeia O.A., Iaoi?ioaa I.A., Aaaaiei
A.N. –Oiine.: Ecae-ai IOE,2001.-252n.
6. ?aeia?n I.O. I?e?iaeiiieueciaaiea. Ni?aa.- neia., I.: Iuneue, 1990.-
637n.
7. ?aeia?n I.O., Ooeeueia?e O.?. Iniai io?aiyaiua i?e?iaeiua
oa??eoi?ee.- I.: I, 1978.-295n.
8. ?aoaiea Ainoaea?noaaiiie aeoiu Oiineie iaeanoe io 01.07.1999a. (?324)
’’Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee ii?yaeea aaaeaiey eaniiai oicyenoaa a eanao,
?aniieiaeaiiuo ia caieyo ai?iaeneeo iinaeaiee Oiineie iaeanoe’’.
9. Oa?ai E.A. ?ae?aaoeeiiiua eana Caiaaeiie Neae?e. – Iiaineae?ne.:
Iaoea, 1985.-232n.
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