Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey e iaoee Oe?aeiu
?aoa?ao
ii oaia
«Eoeueoo?a e enoi?ey ?acaeoey Iiiaei»
Auiieieea:
Aeaoa ________ ?inienue________
I?iaa?ee :
Aeaoa ________ ?inienue_________
Aeiiaoee 2008 a.
Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea
1. Eiyaeanoai Iiiaei
2. Enoi?ey Eiyaeanoaa Iiiaei
3. Ainoaea?noaaiiia ono?ienoai Iiiaei
4. Aaeieieno?aoeaiia ono?ienoai Iiiaei
5. Eoeueoo?iue oeaio? Iiiaei
6. Iiiaei eae ?aeneee oaieie aeey oo?enoia
7. Ciaiaieoue Iiioa-Ea?ei a Iiiaei
8. Aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoe Iiioa-Ea?ei e Iiiaei
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u
Aaaaeaiea
Iiiaei iaeia ec naiuo iaeaiueeeo no?ai Aa?iiu, ii oai ia iaiaa eaaeaeue
ec ian neuoae i iae eae ia iaeiii ec naiuo e?aneauo iano ie?a aeey
iieiioeaiiiai ioaeuoa, eioi?ia anaaaea ioe?uoi aeey iinauaiey oo?enoia.
Naaiaeiy Iiiaei ecaanoii a ie?a oae eae aaeaaiaeii n 1929 aiaea a Iiiaei
i?iaiaeeony iaeii ec naiuo i?anoeaeiuo ni?aaiiaaiee a aaoinii?oa —
A?ai-i?e Iiiaei, eioi?ia n 1950 aiaea aoiaeeo a /aiieiiao ie?a
Oi?ioea-1. O?anna i?e yoii i?ieaaaao ii oeeoeai ai?iaea. Oaeaea a Iiiaei
aace?oaony iaeiiei?iiue oooaieueiue eeoa (OE Iiiaei), aunooiathuee a
/aiieiiaoa O?aioeee ii oooaieo. Eeoa aunooiaao ia noaaeeiia Eoe II a
?aeiia Oiiaueae, oioy i?e yoii oaaea?aoeey Iiiaei ii oooaieo ia i?eciaia
OEOA, a eeoa ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiie a?aia aunooiaao ca O?aioeeth. Iiiaei
i?eieiaao iaeei ec yoaiia Global Champions Tour (iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oo?ie?
ii eiieo?o). Yoio yoai i?eciai naiui i?anoeaeiui ec na?ee, i?eieiay
naiuo ecaanoiuo anaaeieeia ni anaai ie?a, a 2009 aiaeo yoai a Iiiaei
i?io?e 25-27 ethiy, a a 2 ethey a ?aeiia Ea-Eiiaeaiei i?ioiaeeei
ioe?uoea aaeiaiiee «Oo? aea O?ain» (Le Tour de France) e oaea 4 ethey
ia?aue yoai aaeiaiiee i?ioiaeee ia oa??eoi?ee eiyaeanoaa, aaeineiaaeenou
i?iacaeaee 15ei ii ai?iaeneei oeeoeai. Caoai iaiiiai iicaea, 5 ethey, a
Iiiaei ia/aeny aoi?ie yoai «Oo? aea O?ain».
Noieo oaeaea oiiiyiooue i oii, /oi a Iiiaei ia noaaeeiia Eoe II
o?aaeeoeeiiii a aaaonoa eaaeaeiai aiaea i?ioiaeyo iao/e ca Noia?eoaie
OAOA, a eioi?ii ano?a/athony iiaaaeeoaeue Eeae *aiieiiia OAOA e
iaeaaeaoaeue Eoaea OAOA .
1. Eiyaeanoai Iiiaei
Eiyaeanoai Iiiaei Iiiaei — yoi ea?eeeiaia ainoaea?noai, ?aniieiaeaiiia
ia thaa Aa?iiu ia iiaa?aaeuea N?aaeecaiiiai ii?y aeec o?aioeocneiai
Eaco?iiai aa?aaa a 20ei e naaa?i-ainoieo io Ieoeoeu. Ia nooa eiyaeanoai
a?aie/eo n O?aioeeae, aeaia?oaiaio I?eii?neea Aeueiu. Ieiuaaeue no?aiu
ninoaaeyao 2,02 ei? (/oi ii/oe aaeaia iaiueoa ieiuaaee Oeaio?aeueiiai
ia?ea a Iueth-Ei?ea). Aeeeia aa?aaiaie eeiee — 4,1ei, i?ioyae?iiinoue
nooiiooiuo a?aieoe — 4,4ei. Ca iineaaeiea 20 eao oa??eoi?ey no?aiu
oaaee/eeanue ii/oe ia 40aa ca n/?o inooaiey ii?neeo oa??eoi?ee.
Eiyaeanoai Iiiaei yaeyaony iaeiie ec naiuo iaeaiueeeo e iaeaieaa
aonoiianae?iiuo no?ai ie?a. N?aaeianoaoenoe/aneiio /aeiaaeo iiiaaeiaeony
anaai 56 ieioo, /oiau i?ieoe /a?ac anth no?aio. Iacaaiea no?aiu
i?ienoiaeeo io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai «iiiieein» — «iooaeueiee».
Ianaeaiea Iiiaei aieaa 36 ouny/ /aeiaae (i?e yoii n?aaee ianaeaiey
iacia/eoaeueii i?aiaeaaeatho aeaiueiu), a ieioiinoue ianaeaiey ia iaeei
eaaae?aoiue eeeiiao? ieiei 19 ouny/ /aeiaae, oaeay aunieay ieioiinoue
ianaeaiey iaoneiaeeaaaony oai, /oi Iiiaei yaeyaony ea?eeeiaui
ainoaea?noaii (iaeiei n?aaee naiuo iaeaiueeeo a Aa?iia). Aaeaaiaeiue
i?e?ino ianaeaiey ninoaaeyao 0,386 % a aiae (ii iieo/aiiui aeaiiui ca
2007 aiae). Iaoeeiiaeueiue ninoaa ianaeaiey iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia:
· o?aioeocuia — 47 %;
· iiiaaaneia — 16 %;
· eoaeueyioeaa — 16 %;
· e ae?oaea, i?aaenoaaeoaee ?acee/iuo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae — 21 %.
Ia n/ao aeooiaiiai ?acaeoey e ?aeeaee, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi iaeaieaa
iiiai/eneaiiay ?aeeaeiciay a?oiia — eaoieeee (iineieueeo ioeoeeaeueiay
?aeeaey Iiiaei, yoi eaoiee/anoai), iaeiaei eiinoeoooeey Iiiaei
aa?aioe?oao naiaiaeo aa?ieniiaaaeaiey aeey ae?oaeo ?aeeaee.
A Iiiaei anoue 5 eaoiee/aneeo i?eoiaeneeo oea?eaae e iaeei
eaoaae?aeueiue niai?, a eioi?ii iaoiaeeony eaoaae?a a?oeaieneii Iiiaei.
Aia?oey, nouanoaiaaaoay n na?aaeeiu aeaayoiaaeoeaoiai aaea auea
i?aia?aciaaia a aia?oeth a?oeaieneiia a 1981 aiaeo.
No?aia yaeyaony /eaiii oaeeo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee eae: III (n
1993 aiaea), IANA, Niaao Aa?iiu (n 2004 aiaea), Eioa?iie, THianei, AIC.
Aeaaiue ioen Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie aeae?ia?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee iaoiaeeony
a Iiiaei. Iiiaei eiaao 10 aeeieiiaoe/aneeo iennee a Caiaaeiie Aa?iia e
iinoiyiiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a III e Niaaoa Aa?iiu. A 106 ai?iaeao a 45
no?aiao iaoiaeyony ii/aoiua eiinoeuenoaa Iiiaei, 66 no?ai eiatho
aaia?aeueiua eiinoeuenoaa, eiinoeuenoaa eee aea ii/aoiua eiinoeuenoaa a
Iiiaei.
2. Enoi?ey Eiyaeanoaa Iiiaei
Enoi?ey nia?aiaiiiai Iiiaei ia/eiaaony a 1215 aiaeo n iniiaaieai ia
oa??eoi?ee eiyaeanoaa eieiiee Aaioycneie ?anioaeeee e no?ieoaeuenoaii
e?aiinoe. Oaea iicaea, 8 yiaa?y 1267 a oiaea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu a Aaioa
Iiiaei auei caiyoi O?ainoa A?eiaeueaee e aai noi?iiieeaie. Yoo aeaoo
i?eiyoi n/eoaoue ia/aeii i?aaeaiey aeeianoee A?eiaeueaee e nouanoaiaaiey
iacaaeneiiai ainoaea?noaa Iiiaei. N oao ii? aio oaea ia i?ioyaeaiee
aieaa 700 eao eiyaeanoai oi?aaeyaony i?aaenoaaeoaeyie yoie oaieeee.
A 1789 aiaeo no?aia auea aiiaene?iaaia O?aioeeae. E ia?eaeneee aeiaiai?
iiaeienaiiue 30 iay 1814 ainnoaiiaee eiyaeanoai a a?aieoeao,
nouanoaiaaaoeo aei 1 yiaa?y 1792, iiae o?aioeocneei i?ioaeoi?aoii. Iinea
ieii/aoaeueiiai e?aoa Eiia?ee niaeanii aoi?iio ia?eaeneiio aeiaiai?o 20
iiya?y 1815 aiaea Iiiaei auei ia?aaeaii iiae i?ioaeoi?ao Na?aeeineiai
ei?ieaanoaa.
Iicaeiaa a ia?oa 1860 aiaea, a aeaaiaea?iinoue ca aiaiioth iiiiuue,
ieacaiioth o?aioeocneei eiia?aoi?ii Iaiieaiiii III aeaeo iauaaeeiaiey
Eoaeee, Na?aeeineia ei?ieaanoai onooieei O?aioeee Naaieth e a?aonoai
Ieoeoeo, aeeth/ay Iaioii e ?ieaa?thi. 18 ethey 1860 Na?aeeiey auaaea
naie aienea ec Iiiaei, iieiaeea oai naiui eiiaoe i?ioaeoi?aoo, a a 1865
aiaeo auei ioe?uoi eaceii a Iiioa-Ea?ei e nicaeai oaiiaeaiiue nithc n
O?aioeeae, nouanoaaiii iiaeoieeioaoea yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea no?aiu.
Ia?aay eiinoeoooeey, ia?aie/eaathuay aeanoue eiycae, auea aaaaeaia a
aeaenoaea a 1911 aiaeo. Oe?ieee eioa?an e Iiiaei i?iaoaeeea naaaeueaa a
1956 aiaeo oiaaeaoiaai i?aaeoaey eiycy ?aiuea III (anooiee ia i?anoie a
1949) n aieeeaoaeneie aeo?enie A?aen Eaeee. ?aiuea oaeaea ?acaa?ioe
aeoeaiia no?ieoaeuenoai a Iiiaei. A 1993 Iiiaei noaei iieiii?aaiui
/eaiii III. 31 ia?oa 2005 eiycue ?aiuea III, aoaeo/e neeoeii aieueiui
aeey inouanoaeaiey naieo iieiiii/ee, ia?aaeae eo naiaio aaeeinoaaiiiio
nuio e ianeaaeieeo, eiyco Aeueaa?oo. Nai aea ?aiuea oia? 6 ai?aey 2005
aiaea, e ianoiyuaa a?aiy a eiyaeanoaa i?aaeo nui ?aiuea III — eiycue
Aeueaa?o II, anooieaoee ia i?anoie iinea nia?oe iooea aua a 2005 aiaeo.
3. Ainoaea?noaaiiia ono?ienoai Iiiaei
I ainoaea?noaaiiii ono?ienoaa Eiyaeanoaa Iiiaei iiaeii neacaoue
neaaeothuaa, /oi ii oi?ia i?aaeaiey Iiiaei — eiinoeoooeeiiiay iiia?oey,
n iaeioi?uie aoi?e/iuie i?eciaeaie aeoaeecia, aaea aeaaie ainoaea?noaa
yaeyaony eiycue.
Ainoaea?noaaiiia ono?ienoai no?aiu ?aaoee?oaony eiinoeoooeeae,
aaaae?iiie a aeaenoaea 17 aeaeaa?y 1962 aiaea. Eiinoeoooeey, a
/anoiinoe, oioue e i?iaicaeaoaao i?eioeei ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae, iaeiaei
aeanoue eiycy aaniethoia (ie/ai e ieeai ia iiaeao auoue ia?aie/aia). A
2002 eiinoeoooeey eiyaeanoaa auea ia?aniio?aia. Ioeoeeaeueii auee
ianeieueei ?anoe?aiu iieiiii/ey caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia
(Iaoeeiiaeueiiai niaaoa).
Aeanoue, eae e o aieueoeinoaa ainoaea?noa aeaeeony ia o?e aaoae, a
eiaiii:
· Eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue, eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeaia Ainoaea?noaaiiui
ieieno?ii (aeaaie i?aaeoaeuenoaa) e aicaeaaeyaiui ei Ainoaea?noaaiiui
niaaoii (i?aaeoaeuenoaii) ec /aou??o /aeiaae. Ainoaea?noaaiiue ieieno?
yaeyaony o?aioeocneei a?aaeaeaieiii, eioi?ue ooaa?aeaeaaony eiycai ia
n?ie a 3 aiaea ii i?aaenoaaeaieth o?aioeocneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa;
· Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue, aeanoue iiaeaeaia iaaeaeo eiycai e
iaeiiiaeaoiui Iaoeeiiaeueiui Niaaoii (ia?eaiaioii), ninoiyuei ec 24
/eaiia ia?eaiaioa, ecae?aaiuo eaaeaeua 5 eao ia iniiaa anaiauaai
ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa. A 2002 aiaeo ia?eaiaio iieo/ee i?aai
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie eieoeeaoeau, eoi?ia ?aiaa i?eiaaeeaaeaei oieueei
eiycth, oi anoue niaao iiaeao aiineoue iii?aaee e i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui
i?iaeoai, ooaa?aeaeaao aaaaeaiea iaeiaia, oaeaea ii ?aoeoeoee?oao
iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aeiaiai?u, eciaiythuea nouanoaothuaa aioo?aiiaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai;
· Noaeaaiay aaoaue aeanoe, eioi?ay oaeaea aicaeaaeyaony eiycai
(?acee/iua noaeaaiua einoaioeee aa?oao i?aainoaeea io aai eiaie).
Iniiaiua iieeoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee: Nithc ca Eiyaeanoai, Iaoeeiiaeueiue
nithc ca aoaeouaa Iiiaei, Iauaaeeiaiea ca ?acaeoea iiiaeneiai iauanoaa,
Iaoeeiiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneee nithc. Anaai iauaaeeiaiea ?acee/iuo
i?ionithcia Iiiaei ian/eouaaao ieiei 5 ouny/ aai /eaiia.
4. Aaeieieno?aoeaiia ono?ienoai Iiiaei
Ia aoaeao eeoiei e iaiiiai eioi?iaoeee ia aaeieieno?aoeaiii ono?ienoaa
Iiiaei. Noieo neacaoue, /oi a aaeieieno?aoeaiii ioiioaiee eiyaeanoai
?aiaa auei ?acaeaeaii ia 3 eiiioiu:
· Ea-Eiiaeaiei — ?aeii aaeieue ii?oa;
· Iiiaei — noa?ue ai?iae, ?aniieiaeaiiue ia neaeenoii iuna;
· Iiioa-Ea?ei — naiue aiaaoue e i?anoeaeiue ?aeii, eae aeaaiay eo?i?oiay
ciia, enoaoe caeanue ?aniieiaeaiu naiua aiaaoua ?aceaeaioeee.
A eiioiu a naith i/a?aaeue auee ?acaeaeaiu ia 10 ?aeiiia. Aeaeaiea
eiyaeanoaa ia o?e eiiioiu auei ocaeiiaii iinoaiiaeaieai Eiinoeoooeee
Iiiaei io 1911 a., ii enoiaey ec iii?aaee a eiinoeoooeeth Iiiaei a 1917
a. eiyaeanoai ninoieo oieueei ec iaeiie aaeeiie e iaaeaeeiie eiiioiu,
eioi?ay a naith i/a?aaeue ninoieo ec 10 ?aeiiia.
Iiyoiio nae/an oa??eoi?ey eiyaeanoaa aaeeiay, e iia aoiaeeo a ninoaa
iaeiie eiioiu, ninoiyuae ec 10 ?aeiiia Iiiaei.
5. Eoeueoo?iue oeaio? Iiiaei
Iiiaei yaeyaony cia/eoaeueiui eoeueoo?iui oeaio?ii. Iino?iaiiia a 1879
aiaeo ii i?iaeoo a?oeoaeoi?a Oa?ey Aa?iuea (aaoi?a Ia?eaeneie iia?u)
caeaiea Caea Aa?iuea yaeyaony aeiiii Oeea?iiie/aneiai i?eano?a
Iiioa-Ea?ei e Iia?u Iiioa-Ea?ei. Ia yoie noeaia a ?aciua aiaeu iaee:
Iaeee Iaeueaa, Yi?eei Ea?oci, O?aei? Oaeyiei, Ieaneaei Aeiieiai, Eo/aii
Iaaa?iooe. A 1911 aiaeo caeanue Na?aaai Iaaeiae/ai Aeyaeeaaui aue
iniiaai ?onneee aaeao Aeyaeeaaa iiae iie?iaeoaeuenoaii eiycy Iiiaei
Iuea?a. Caeanue oaioeaaaee Aiia Iaaeiaa, Aaoeeaa Ieaeeineee, Oaia?a
Ea?naaeia, Aeaei?aeae Aaeai/ei, Na?ae Eeoa?ue. Iicaea — ?oaeieueo
Io?aaa, Ieoaee Aa?uoieeia.
Aieueoie iao/iue eioa?an i?aaenoaaeytho enneaaeiaaiey ieaaiieiaia,
eioi?ua, eniieuecoy oieeaeueiia aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea no?aiu,
eco/atho Ie?iaie ieaai.
Ia/eiay n 1885 aiaea aaaeoony iaaethaeaiey ca oei?ie e oaoiie ii?ae, ca
oa/aieai Aieueono?ei, ninoaaeaia ia?aay ea?oa aeoaei Ie?iaiai ieaaia.
«Iauay aaia?aoey ii?ae» auaeathuaainy o/aiiai Eaieey Aaeei, iiiaieaoiea
enneaaeiaaiey ?aaioaaoaai caeanue AEaea-Eaa Eonoi aianee aaniiue aeeaae
a ie?iaoth iaoeo.
6. Iiiaei eae ?aeneee oaieie aeey oo?enoia
Ioaeiui aoaeao neacaoue, /oi a Iiiaei oaea i?eiyoa iiaay no?aoaae/aneay
i?ia?aiia a noa?a oo?ecia, ?ann/eoaiiay aei 2013 aiaea. Eiyaeanoai,
i?eaeaeathuaa aaeaaiaeii 5 ieeeeiiia oo?enoia, iaia?aaaaony e a
aeaeueiaeoai iiceoeeiie?iaaoue naay eae eaeaaeueiia ianoi aeey
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iooaoanoaaiieeia, eioi?ua naaiaeiy oaea ninoaaeytho
77% io iauaai /enea i?eacaeathueo.
Iiieii yoiai Iiiaei n/eoaao no?aoaae/anee aaaeiuie e ae?oaea aeaeu
oo?ecia, a eiaiii – aeaeiaie e ei?ii?aoeaiue. Iiaay i?ia?aiia
i?aaeiieaaaao ?acaeoea oo?enoe/aneie io?anee n o/aoii niaethaeaiey
no?iaeo yeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaiee, oae eae, ii neiaai i?eioea Aeueaa?oa
II, eiyaeanoai oi/ao “caaeaaaoue oii” e noaoue eeaea?ii a Aa?iia a noa?a
“caeaiiai” oo?ecia. Oae, i?ia?aiia i?aaeoniao?eaaao i?iaeaeaeaiea
yeieiae/aneeo a?aiaeia n?aaee ioaeae e eiiiaiee, caieiathueony
i?aaiecaoeeae eiioa?aioeee, i?iaeaaeo i?aaie/aneeo i?iaeoeoia e oiaa?ia
ianoiiai i?iecaiaenoaa a iaaaceiao Iiiaei, ?anoe?aiea iaoaoiaeiuo cii,
auione “caeaiie” oo?enoe/aneie ea?ou, a oaeaea i?iaaaeaiea Aeiy
“caeaiiai” oo?ecia, i?aaeinoaaeaiea aanieaoiiai WiFi aeey anao ainoae
eiyaeanoaa e ?anoe?aiea iaith aai ?anoi?aiia. Iiauoaiea ea/anoaa
eoeueoo?iuo ia?ii?eyoee oaeaea caieiaao iniaia ianoi a iiaie no?aoaaee,
iineieueeo “iaeiiaeiaaiue” oo?eci inoaaony aeey Iiiaei iaeiei ec
eeth/aauo.
Io o?aaeeoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u a yoii ?aeneii oaieea ie?a iaei /oi
nio?aieeinue. Ii aei neo ii? a aeie i?acaeieeia ii oceei n?aaeiaaaeiaui
oeeoeai Iiiaei i?ioiaeyo o?aaeeoeeiiiua i?ioeannee n oaeaeaie,
aa?aaaiaie, oeao?aie nayouo, ono?aeaaaiua a iniiaiii aeey ?acaea/aiey
oo?enoia. Aaeaaiaeii a Iiiaei i?ioiaeeo Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oee?eiaie
oanoeaaeue e Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oaeaaeceiiiue oanoeaaeue.
7. Ciaiaieoue Iiioa-Ea?ei a Iiiaei
Iiioa-Ea?ei iaeei ec ai?iaeia eiyaeanoaa Iiiaei. Yoi aaeeeieaiiue ie?
nieioea, i?acaeieea e aca?oa aia?aiaoeo n yooaie, ?ien-?ienaie e
oiioaiaie oaiiaineiai. No?ieiua iaeueiu ia e?iiea eaco?iiai ii?y,
?ineioiua aeeeu ia iiaa?aaeuea, oaeinoaaiiua n?aaeiaaaeiaua caiee,
na?iaioeiu ai?iuo aei?ia, iaiiaoi?eiay e?anioa ai?iuo naeaiee e
aieiaie?oaeeoaeueiua iaii?aiu – an? yoi Iiioa-Ea?ei. Iiioa-Ea?ei – ianoi
aeey aca?oiuo ethaeae. Caeanue iaoiaeyony ecaanoiaeoea eaceii. Ii oio,
eoi aeoiaao, /oi a Iiioa-Ea?ei iao ae?oaeo aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae,
e?iia aaeeeiai Casino, ioeaaaony.
A ai?iaea iiiaeanoai aeeneioae e ii/iuo ?acaea/aiee. I?aaeii/eoathuea
ioaeuoaoue aeoeaii, iiaoo caiyoueny anaie aeaeaie aiaeiiai nii?oa,
no?aeueaie ec eoea. Anaaaea a ?anii?yaeaiee ieiuaaeee aeey aieueoa,
oaiiena, neaioa.
Iiaeii eaoaoueny ia iioioeeeeao, ai?iuo aaeineiaaeao, eiaeeao, yooao, e
aeaaea ia aeaeueoaieaia. Eoeueoo?iay aeeciue a ai?iaea i/aiue ianuuaia,
caeanue i?ioiaeyo aaeeeieaiiua eiioea?ou neioiie/aneie e eaia?iie
iocuee, nieueiua eiioea?ou iaaoeia, iia?iua aunooieaiey, aaeaoiua e
oaao?aeueiua iinoaiiaee. A Iiioa-Ea?ei auea nicaeaia Aeaaeaiey
eeanne/aneiai oaioea eiaie i?eioeannu A?aen, aicaeaaeyaiay Ia?eeie
Aacia?aciaie.
Caeanue i?iaiaeyony neoeueioo?iua aunoaaee, aunoaaee aioeeaa?ia,
oee?eiaua oanoeaaee – neo/aoue i?inoi iaeiaaea. Iiaue ia?ac Iiioa-Ea?ei,
nicaeai nieioeai, aeaaioai?iui aeeyieai ii?y e i?ae?aniui eeeiaoii. Ana
300 nieia/iuo aeiae a aiaeo, aiaea, aiaaoay eiiaie e aeoeaiuie
aauanoaaie – ana yoi iicaieeei Iiioa-Ea?ei noaoue iaeiie ec eo/oeo
oa?ii- e a?ycaea/aaieoe ie?a. Ainoe Iiioa-Ea?ei eiatho aiciiaeiinoue ia
oieueei ?acaea/ueny e ianeaaeeoueny e?anioie ie?a, ii e niyoue no?ann,
iii?aaeoue caei?iauea.
Aaeueiaieiae/aneee eiiieaen Monte-Carlo Sporting Club yaeyaony
niaa?oaiii oieeaeueiui a naiai ?iaea, eae ii ea/anoao ianeoaeeaaiey, oae
e ii iniauaiiinoe oeueo?ania?aiaiiuie n?aaenoaaie aeeaaiinoeee
caaieaaaiee. Eneonnoaaiiua ieyaee e aannaeiu, naaeu e aeai?oeu
auoyioeenue aaeieue anae eeiee iiaa?aaeuey. A?aiy a Iiioa-Ea?ei
i?ioiaeeo iacaiaoii, iineieueeo aeiai iii caiyoi ieyaeaie, iocaaie,
iaaaceiaie, niaeoaeeyie e ?anoi?aiiie, a ii/ueth ?acee/iuie e?ani/iuie
oio e eaceii.
8. Aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoe Iiioa-Ea?ei e Iiiaei
Eaceii Iiioa-Ea?ei (Casino du Monte Carlo) yoi ia?aue eai?iue aeii a
Aa?iia, iaeii ec noa?aeoeo e naiuo ?aniaeoaaaeueiuo eaceii ie?a eiaao
aiaaooth enoi?eth e eoeueoo?iua o?aaeeoeee. Eaceii ninoieo ec
ianeieueeeo caeia, eioi?ua ooiiatho a ?ineioe. Noaiu anao naeiiia
oaaoaiu ea?oeiaie. Iia?iue oaao?, iacuaaaiue caeii Aa?iuea, naiue
e?aneaue ec anao caeia Eaceii. Ia?eaeneie Iia?a ii onooiaao oieueei
?acia?aie. Eaceii yaeyaony nianoaaiiinoueth Iauanoaa Ii?neeo Eo?i?oia
Iiioa-Ea?ei (SBM). Naaeu e oa??anu Eaceii (Jardin et les Terrasses du
Casino) Iai?ioea Eaceii ?aniieiaeeeenue ?ineioiua oeaaoi/iua eeoiau e
ooiaeaiiua eoaeaeee a ni/aoaiee n i?oaeaie n anoanoaaiiie
?anoeoaeueiinoueth – eaiuoaie e eeeeyie. Naaeu iinoaiaiii iiaeieiathony
a iai?aaeaiee e ai?ai, /oi nicaeaao ecoieoaeueii iano?oth ia?niaeoeao.
Aiai?yo, /oi a naaeo aei neo ii? nio?aieeinue “ianoi naiioaeeoe”,
ioeoaea i?iea?aaoeany a?inaeenue ia eaiie. Oanaae Eaceii, auoiaeyuee ia
ii?a, iaono?iai nieia/iuie oa??anaie, aaea aunoaaeaiu athnou
eiiiiceoi?ia Iania e Aa?eeica, auiieiaiiua E. Aa?inoaiii, e athno
Aeyaeeaaa. Oea?eiaue Nayoiai *a?eueca (LEglise Sainte-Charles)
Yeaaaioiia caeaiea n 30-iao?iaie eieieieueiae, auiieiaiiia a noeea
o?aioeocneiai ?aiannaina. Oea?eiaue auea ioe?uoa a 1883 a.
Aeaayoiaaeoeaoue oeaaoiuo aeo?aaeae inaauatho iiiauaiea aianoa ni
naa?eathuae ethno?ie, i?eaacaiiie ec Eiyaeaneiai Aeai?oea.
ssiiineee naae (Jardin Japonais) Naae ni?iaeoe?iaai yiiineei
a?oeoaeoi?ii ii eaiaeoaooai ssnoi Aaiio e caieiaao ieiuaaeue a 7000 i2
ia aa?aao ii?y. Yoi oieeaeueiay ooaeiaeanoaaiiay ?aaioa, niaaeeiythuay a
aa?iiiee eaiaiue, aiaeo e ?anoeoaeueiinoue. Ieeaeiaua aea?aauey e niniu
iiaeno?eaeaiu a yiiineii noeea. Aiaeiiaaeu e i?oaeu oe?aoaiu
eneonnoaaiiuie ino?iaaie. I?e?iaeiua eaiie iiaeia?aiu ii oi?ia, oeaaoo e
?acia?o. Caai?u ec aaiaoea, *aeiue aeiiee, eaiaiiua oiia?e, /a?aieoea e
aea?aayiiua ai?ioa auee i?eaacaiu ec ssiiiee. Iaoeeiiaeueiue iocae
Iiiaei (Musee National de Monaco) Eieeaeoeey iocay ninoieo ec eoeie e
aaoiiaoia XVIII-XIX aa. a einothiao naiaai a?aiaie, aunoaaeaiiuo a
aeo?eiao n ieieaoth?iie iaaaeueth e i?aaeiaoaie iaeoiaea. Aaoiiaou
aeeth/athony aeey aeaiiino?aoeee ianeieueei ?ac a aeaiue. Iocae
?aniieaaaaony a ainoeoeoaeueiie aeeea, ni?iaeoe?iaaiiie O. Aa?iuea.
Aeeea ie?oaeaia naaeiauie oa??anaie, oe?aoaiiuie ?icaie e nia?aiaiiuie
neoeueioo?aie. Oea?eiaue Nayoie Aeaaiou (LEglise Sainte-Devote)
Oea?eiaue, iinayuaiiay iie?iaeoaeueieoea Iiiaei – Nayoie Aeaaioa, auea
iino?iaia a XI a. ?yaeii n ianoii, aaea a IV a. caoiioe aa yeee.
Eaaeaeue aiae 26 yiaa?y n ianooieaieai noia?ae ia ieiuaaee ia?aae
oea?eiaueth naeeaaaony iaeao noaeia. Oea?eiaue auea ainnoaiiaeaia e
?anoe?aia a 1870a. ai a?aiy i?aaeaiey eiycy *a?eueca III. ?uiie (Marche
La Condamine) Ia niio?y ia oi, /oi ?uiie ia yoii ianoa nouanoaoao n
1880a., nia?aiaiiue e?uoue iaaeeueii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ooieoeeiiaeueiia caeaiea, eioi?ia niaaeeiyaony eeooaie e yneaeaoi?aie n
aaoiiiaeeueiie noiyieie. Oi?aiaua caeu auiieiaiu a aeaea ynieaiaaeu n
aeny/eie naaeaie, oiioaiii, e?ani/iuie oi?aiauie noaiaeaie e i?eeaaeaie.
Oeeoea I?eioeannu Ea?ieeiu (Rue Princesse Caroline) A aeaoo oaaao io
?uiea ia/eiaaony iaiaueiiaaiii e?aneaay e othoiay iaoaoiaeiay oeeoea
I?eioeannu Ea?ieeiu. Aeaa ?yaea aiaeueneiiauo aea?aaueaa, aeny/ea
ei?ceiu n oeaaoaie, aooeee, eaoa e ?anoi?aiu, oa??anu, eioi?ua
iinoaiaiii ia/eiatho iiaenaa/eaaoueny n ianooieaieai noia?ae,
eeethieiaoeey nii?iaiaeaeaaony caoeiauie yooaeoaie. Yecioe/aneee naae
(Jardin Exotique) Naae – yoi iaeia ec naiuo ciaiaieouo
aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae Iiiaei. Aue ioe?uo a 133a. Naae ?aniieiaeai ia
ai?iii neeiia e niaea?aeeo ianeieueei ouny/ aeaeia o?iie/aneeo ?anoaiee,
eioi?ua aeaaiaea?y iee?ieeeiaoo Iiiaei iuoii oeaaooo a ethaia a?aiy
aiaea. O iiaeiiaeey neeiia ?aniieiaeai aoiae a aeoaieee a?io ni
noaeaeoeoaie, noaeaaieoaie e ecaanoeiauie ia?aciaaieyie, iaeeaeaiiua
eneoniie iiaenaaoeie. Iocae aeienoi?e/aneie aio?iiieiaee (Musee
Anthropologie Prehistorique) Iniiaai a 1902 a. eiycai Aeueaa?oii I.
Niaea?aeeo aanoeaiiua yeniiiaou n iano ?aneiiie a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
aeecinoe io Iiiaei e ec Eoaeueyineie Eeao?ee. Yeniiiaou iocay
i?ineaaeeaatho iaeaieaa aaaeiua yoaiu a enoi?ee iiyaeaiey e oi?ie?iaaiey
/aeiaaea. Ia?e Oiioaee (Parc Paysager de Fontvieille) Iaecaaeiue ia?e,
?aniieiaeaiiue ia oa??eoi?ee a 4 aaeoa?a. Caeanue nia?aia ia?iiiay
eieeaeoeey ?anoaiee ni anao oaieeia naaoa, eioi?ua iinaaeaiu aie?oa
i?oaeia, ianaeaiiuo ooeaie e eaaaaeyie.
?ica?ee I?eioeannu A?aen (Roseraie Princesse Grace). Yoi iaeia ec /anoae
ia?ea Oiioaee. ?ica?ee aue ioe?uo a 1984a. eiycai ?aiuea III e iinayuai
aai noi?oaa I?eioeanna A?aen, aieueoie ethaeoaeueieoea oeaaoia, eioi?ay
iiaeaea a aaoieaoano?ioa. Aieaa 5000 ?iciauo eonoia iaiieiytho a?iiaoii
yoio oeoee oaieie. Aieaa 150 aeaeia yaeythony oieeaeueiuie ni?oaie,
auaaaeaiiuie eo/oeie aa?iiaeneeie e aia?eeaineeie niaoeeaeenoaie.
Noaaeeii Eoe II (Stade Louis II) Noaaeeii ia 20000 iano aue ioe?uo a
1985a. Iiiaioeaeaaua onoaiiaee, iai?oaeiaaiea aeey i?iaaaeaiey
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ni?aaiiaaiee aunieiai ?aiaa naeaeaee aai iaeiei ec
naiuo eo/oeo nii?oeaiuo eiiieaenia a ie?a. Ii?neie Iocae (Musee Naval de
Monaco) Eieeaeoeey iocay aeeth/aao ieiei 180 iiaeaeae ciaiaieouo ii?neeo
noaeia io o?ainaoeaioe/aneeo eaeia?ia aei aiaiiuo noaeia. Yeniiceoeey
iocay i?ineaaeeaaao enoi?eth ?acaeoey ei?aaeano?iaiey. Iaeioi?ua iiaeaee
iinooieee ec /anoiie eieeaeoeee I?eioea. Ciieiae/aneee naae (Jardin
Animalier) ?acaeoue ia thaeiii neeiia ai?u Iiiaei e ioe?uoue a 1954 a.
eiycai ?aiuea III ciinaae niaea?aeeo iiiai/eneaiiua aeaeu o?iie/aneie e
ao?eeaineie oaoiu: ia?ouoee, aeeeea eioee, ?aioeeee, yecioe/aneea
ioeoeu.
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. «Iiaa?aaeee O?aioeee e Iiiaei» Ao?uaei N.I., A?aiei A.I., Ea?eeia
E.E., Oaeei I.E., 2007a.
2. «Eoeueoo?ieiaey» Iiae ?aae. TH.I. Nieiieia, I.N. Eaaaia, 2007a.
3. «Iooaaiaeeoaeue ii Iiiaei» Aa?ai/oe A.A, 2007a.
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