Aiaeio?aieeeua — eneonnoaaiiua aiaeiaiu, ia?aciaaiiua i?e ia?ae?uoee
?onea ?ae. Iiiaei ec ieo naienoaaiii nooi/iia eieaaaiea o?iaiy aiaeu,
aeinoeaathuaa eiiaaea 1,5—2 i, oa?aeoa?ai oaeaea ?aaeei iaaiaeea
(oaaee/aiea noiea aac cia/eoaeueiiai eciaiaiey nei?inoe oa/aiey).
Oi?ie?iaaiea ?uaiiai ianaeaiey aiaeio?aieeeu eaeao o?aiy iooyie: ec
iieiaiiuo aiaeiaiia ?aeiia caoiieaiey; ec ica? e i?oaeia, naycaiiuo n
?aeie; ec ?aee, a ?onea eioi?ie ia?aciaaii aiaeio?aieeeua.
Iiiaea ?uau, iaeoaaoea a ?aea aei ca?aaoee?iaaiey noiea, ia nio?aiythony
a aiaeio?aieeeuao. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi i?ioiaeiua aeaeu (inao?iaua e
ae?.), a oaeaea i?eniiniaeaiiua e iaeoaieth a ?aea i?e iaee/ee oa/aiey
(aea?ao, iiaeono, aeaoe, oi?aeue, oa?eon e ae?.).
Aieueoeinoai aiaeio?aieeeu a onoueyo ?ae Oe?aeiu nii?oaeaiu
ioiineoaeueii iaaeaaii, iiyoiio oi?ie?iaaiea eooeioaoiu a ieo ia
caaa?oaii. Iaeiaei oaea nae/an i/aaeaeia oaiaeaioeey e auoaniaieth
oeaiiuo aeaeia ?ua ni?iuie: uoea, noaeae, nii, nacai, ycue, aieaaeue
caiaiythony ooai?ineui ieoiai, au/eaie, ieioaie, ea?anai e o. ae. Yoio
i?ioeann onoaoaeytho iaaeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey ia?anoa a
aiaeio?aieeeuao oaeeo ?ua, eae nacai, uoea, /aoiiue e ae?. E?iia oiai,
aieueoie o?ii iaiineo ?uaiiio noaaeo ianniaia ?aciiiaeaiea a
aiaeio?aieeeuao neiacaeaiuo aiaei?ineae, iaaethaeaaiia a eaoiea ianyoeu
ec-ca ia?aa?aaa aiaeu i?e iaaeinoaoi/iie nei?inoe aiaeiiaiaia.
Aiaeio?aieeeua Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea
Naiua e?oiiua aiaeio?aieeeua Oe?aeiu ?aniieiaeaiu a ?onea Aeiai?a. Iauay
ieiuaaeue Eeaaneiai, Eaiaaneiai, E?aiai/oaneiai, Aeiai?iaeca?aeeineiai,
Caii?iaeneiai e Eaoianeiai aiaeio?aieeeu — aieaa a oun. ei 2. ?uaiay
oaoia a ieo iaeeiaeiaa, n anoanoaaiiui niauaieai oaieiethaeauo aeaeia e
thao, a oieiaeiiaiaeiuo e naaa?o.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu caeanue eau, noaeae, uoea, ieoiue, iaeei, nii,
nacai, ieioaa, ea?anue, eeiue, aonoa?a. ?aaea ano?a/athony aieaaeue,
ycue, aea?ao, e?aniiia?ea, neiaoe, iiaeono, oai?ue, noa?eyaeue.
N?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii aeeeeiaoece?iaaiu aaeue aio?, oienoieiaeee.
Ioiineoaeueiia iinoiyinoai aeaeiaiai ninoaaa Aeiai?ianeeo aiaeio?aieeeu
nio?aiyaony aeaaiaea?y iaee/eth aieueoiai eiee/anoaa ia ca?aaoee?iaaiiuo
i?eoieii.
A Oe?aeia oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiu eneonnoaaiiua aiaei?iu – aiaeio?aieeeua
e i?oaeu, eiathuea eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeiia oicyenoaaiiia cia/aiea. Iie
eniieuecothony aeey aeae?iyia?aaoeee, noaeioiaenoaa, i?iiuoeaiiiai e
auoiaiai aiaeiniaaaeaiey, ?uai?acaaaeaiea, i?ioaiey e iaaiaeiaiey
?aaeiiia no?aiu.
Aiaeio?aieeeua e i?oaeu
Eneonnoaaiiua aiaei?iu Oe?aeiu caieiatho ieiuaaeue ieiei 12 oun. ei2 e
niaea?aeao iau?i aiaeu aei 60 ei3, eioi?ue i?aauoaao n?aaeiee aiaeiaie
noie Aeiai?a e a oeaeii aiaeiua ?ano?nu no?aiu, oi?ie?othueany ia
oa??eoi?ee no?aiu a n?aaeiea ii aiaeiinoe aiaeu.
Nouanoaoao eeoue eiee/anoaaiiia ioee/ea iaaeaeo i?oaeii e
aiaeio?aieeeuai – oneiaii i?eiyoi, /oi eneonnoaaiiue aiaei?i iau?iii aei
1 iei. i3 yaeyaony i?oaeii, a n aieueoei – aiaeio?aieeeuai. Nicaeaiea
eneonnoaaiiuo aiaei?iia naycaii n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth ?aaoee?iaaiey i/aiue
ia?aaiiia?iiai ai a?aiaie noiea ?ae. Aeeoioee?oy aiaeo ai a?aiy
iieiaiaeuey i?oaeu e aiaeio?aieeeua iicaieytho eniieueciaaoue a? a
iaaeaiiue ia?eiae, eiaaea noie ?ae iaeue, a iio?aaiinoue a aiaea
iaeaieueoay. Nicaeaiiue i?e yoii iaii? iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa yeaeo?iyia?aee e iiaea/e aiaeu naiio?eii aeey i?ioaiey.
Ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu i?oaeu e aiaeio?aieeeua nicaeaaaeenue au? a
aeaaiea a?aiaia, iniaaiii i?e canaeaiee thaeiuo iaeiaiaeiuo ?aeiiia.
Iaeaieaa eioaineaiue ?ino eo eiee/anoaa iaaethaeaaony ai aoi?ie iieiaeia
XX noieaoey. Anee a 1950 a. ieiuaaeue aiaeiiai ca?eaea anao i?oaeia e
iaeuo aiaeio?aieeeu ninoaaeyea ieiei 98 oun. aa, a eo iieiue iauai – 1,4
ei3, oi oaea /a?ac 10 eao ieiuaaeue i?oaeia e iaeuo aiaeio?aieeeu
oaaee/eeanue aaeaia, a iau?i – ii/oe a 3 ?aca. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy oaeeie
aiaei?iaie (ieiei 1100 aiaeio?aieeeu e ii/oe 28000 i?oaeia)
ca?aaoee?iaaii ieiei /aoaa?oe n?aaeiaai aiaeiaiai noiea, oi?ie?oaiiai a
i?aaeaeao Oe?aeiu.
?ani?aaeaeaiea eneonnoaaiiuo aiaei?iia
Ec iauaai eiee/anoaa aiaeio?aieeeu Oe?aeiu 90% aiaei?iia eiatho iau?i ia
aieaa 10 iei. i3, 8% – io 10 aei 100 iei. i3 e eeoue 2% – nauoa 100 iei.
i3.
?ani?aaeaeaiea eneonnoaaiiuo aiaei?iia ii oa??eoi?ee no?aiu
ia?aaiiia?ii. Iaeaieueooth ieiuaaeue iie caieiatho a eaninoaiiie e
noaiiie ciiao. Caeanue a n?aaeiai ia 1 ei2 oa??eoi?ee i?eoiaeeony 1 aa
aiaeiie iiaa?oiinoe aiaeio?aieeeu e i?oaeia, o.a. 1% ieiuaaee iaoiaeeony
iiae aiaeie. Nauoa 1 aa/ei2 ieiuaaee aiaeiiai ca?eaea i?oaeia e
aiaeio?aieeeu eiatho Aeiieoeeay, Aeiiaoeeay, Iaeanneay, Oa?ueeianeay,
Oiaeueieoeeay e *a?ieaianeay iaeanoe, iaiueoa anaai – 0,1-0,3 aa/ei2 –
Aieuineay, Caea?iaoneay, Eaaii-O?aieianeay iaeanoe e Aaoiiiiiay
?anioaeeea E?ui.
Aiaei?iu caiieiythony ai a?aiy iieiaiaeuey, ii iaeioi?ay /anoue
(?aniieiaeaiiuo a canooeeauo ?aeiiao) caiieiyaony /anoe/ii eee
iieiinoueth, ca n/?o aiaeu ec ae?oaeo oa??eoi?ee e ?a/iuo aannaeiia.
N?aaee oaeeo – aiaei?iu Aeiiaoeeie, Oa?ueeianeie, Oa?niineie iaeanoae e
A? E?ui.
Eniieueciaaiea aiaeio?aieeeu e i?oaeia
A noaiiuo e a oeaio?aeueiuo iaeiaiaeiuo eaninoaiiuo ?aeiiao i?oaeu e
aiaeio?aieeeua eniieuecothony i?aeiouanoaaiii aeey aiaeiniaaaeaiey,
i?ioaiey e ?uai?acaaaeaiey. A naaa?iie /anoe no?aiu (ia Iieanuea) iie
ca/anooth yaeythony aiaeii?e?iieeaie inooeoaeueiuo nenoai, enoi/ieeii
aiaeiniaaaeaiey, eniieuecothony aeey oaeaaeiaiey, ?ae?aaoeee e ?uaiiai
oicyenoaa. A Ea?iaoneii ?aaeiia eo aeaaiia iacia/aiea – aiaeiniaaaeaiea,
aeae?iyia?aaoeea, ?uai?acaaaeaiea e eae caueoa io iaaiaeeia.
A n?aaeiai ii Oe?aeia ia 1 ei2 ieiuaaee i?eoiaeeony (aac o/?oa e?oiiuo
aiaeio?aieeeu ia Aeiai?a e Aeiano?a) 0,8 aa aiaeiie iiaa?oiinoe
eneonnoaaiiuo aiaei?iia, a n ieie – ii/oe 2 aa. Ec noiia?iiai iau?ia
aiaeio?aieeeu e i?oaeia ia iaeiiai aeeoaey no?aiu niioaaonoaaiii
i?eoiaeeony 221 e 1126 i3 aiaeu.
Iniaia ianoi caieiatho e?oiiaeoea eneonnoaaiiua aiaei?iu Oe?aeiu –
aiaeio?aieeeua Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea e Aeiano?ianeia aiaeio?aieeeua.
Aeiai? anaaaea eiae aieueoia cia/aiea aeey ?acaeoey oicyenoaa no?aiu –
aia/aea a ea/anoaa aiaeiio?ainii?oiie iaaeno?aee, a iioii eae enoi/iee
aeao?aie aeae?iyia?aee, aeey aiaeiniaaaeaiey ai?iaeia, i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, i?ioaiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oaiaeee, ai?ueau n
iaaiaeiaieyie e caoiieaieyie, ?ae?aaoeee, ?acaeoey ?uaiiai oicyenoaa e
ae?.
Aiaeio?aieeeua ia Aeiai?a
A ninoaa Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea aoiaeyo (n naaa?a ia tha – aiec ii
oa/aieth ?aee): Eeaaneia, Eaiaaneia, E?aiai/oaneia,
Aeiai?iaeca?aeeineia, Aeiai?ianeia e Eaoianeia aiaeio?aieeeua. Noiia?iue
iieiue iau?i aiaeio?aieeeu eaneaaea ninoaaeyao 43,7 ie?ae. i3, a
iieaciue i?iaeoiue iau?i – 18,7 ie?ae. i3. ?aaeueii aea a neeo ?yaea
i?e/ei iieaciue iau?i aiaeio?aieeeu ninoaaeyao aei 8 ie?ae. i3.
O?iaaiue ?aaoee?iaaiiiai noiea eneonnoaaiiuie aiaei?iaie aieueoeinoaa
?ae Oe?aeiu aeinoeaaao 30-70%. Yoi ioiineony, i?aaeaea anaai, e ?aeai
aannaeiia THaeiiai Aoaa, Naaa?neiai Aeiioea, Aeiai?a, ?ae thaa no?aiu e
E?uia, aaea o aieueoeinoaa ?ae noie ca?aaoee?iaai i?oaeaie e
aiaeio?aieeeuaie ia 100%. Iaeiaiaa anaai (1-17%) ca?aaoee?iaai noie ?ae
aannaeiia Aeneu, I?eiyoe e Aeaniu.
Eeaaneia aiaeio?aieeeua, nicaeaiiia a 1964-1966 aa., yaeyaony aa?oiae
nooiaiueth Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea. Noai? aai aeae?iocea ?aniieiaeai auoa
aiaaeaiey ?. Aeaniu a Aeiai?. Ca?eaei aiaeio?aieeeua ieiuaaeueth 922 ei2
iaoiaeeony ia oa??eoi?ee Eeaaneie, *a?ieaianeie iaeanoae Oe?aeiu e
?anioaeeee Aaea?onue. Aeeeia aiaeio?aieeeua ninoaaeyao 100 ei,
iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia – 12 ei, a n?aaeiyy aeoaeia – 4 i (iaeneiaeueiay
aei 14,5 i).
Iniiaiui iacia/aieai Eeaaneiai aiaeio?aieeeua yaeyaony au?aaioea
yeaeo?iyia?aee, iiaeaea?aeaiea iaiaoiaeeiuo noaeioiaeiuo aeoaei e
oaeiaeaoai?aiea ioaeae iio?aaeoaeae aiaeu a iaeiaiaeiua ia?eiaeu. A
eaoia-inaiiee ia?eiae aiaeio?aieeeua inouanoaeyao naciiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea
noiea e iiuiinoe AYN.
Eaiaaneia aiaeio?aieeeua – naiue iieiaeie eneonnoaaiiue aiaei?i ia
Aeiai?a, nicaeaiiue a 1972-1978 aa., a ?aeiia a. Eaiaaa. Ieiuaaeue
ca?eaea aiaeio?aieeeua, ?aniieiaeaiiiai ia oa??eoi?ee Eeaaneie e
*a?eanneie iaeanoae, ninoaaeyao 675 ei2, aai aeeeia – 123 ei,
iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia aeinoeaaao 8 ei, a n?aaeiyy aeoaeia – 3,9 i
(iaeneiaeueiay aei 21 i).
Iniiaiui iacia/aieai aiaeio?aieeeua yaeyaony au?aaioea yeaeo?iyia?aee,
iiaeaea?aeaiea noaeioiaeiuo aeoaei e ?aaoee?iaaiea o?iaiy Aeiai?a a
iaaiaeeiaue ia?eiae aiaea. Aaaaeaiea a yenieoaoaoeeth Eaiaaneiai
aiaeio?aieeeua iaania/eei aania?aaieiia aeaeaeaiea noaeia n inaaeeie aei
3,5 i io a. Eeaaa aei onouey Aeiai?a. A aa?oiauea Eaiaaneiai
aiaeio?aieeeua ?aniieiaeaiu aiaeicaai?u aeey oicyenoaaiii-ieoueaaiai
aiaeiniaaaeaiey a. Eeaaa, eeaaneeo OAOe, a oaeaea e?oiiue aiaeicaai?
(aei 40 i3/n) O?eiieueneie A?AN.
Noai? E?aiai/oaneiai aiaeio?aieeeua, nicaeaiiiai a 1959-1961 aa.,
?aniieiaeai auoa a. E?aiai/oaa. Yoi e?oiiaeoee ii ieiuaaee (2250 ei2)
eneonnoaaiiue aiaei?i Oe?aeiu. *aoa aiaeio?aieeeua ?aciauaia ia
oa??eoi?ee *a?eanneie, Ee?iaia?aaeneie e Iieoaaneie iaeanoae. A? aeeeia
ninoaaeyao 149 ei, iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia aeinoeaaao 28 ei, a n?aaeiyy
aeoaeia – 6 i (iaeneiaeueiay aei 20 i).
E?aiai/oaneia aiaeio?aieeeua yaeyaony iniiaiui ?aaoeyoi?ii noiea
Aeiai?a. ?aaeei aai ?aaiou ii?aaeaeyaony o?aaiaaieyie anao o/anoieeia
aiaeioicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea e niia?aaeaieyie
yeiiiiiiai ?anoiaeiaaiey aiaeiuo ?ano?nia ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai
eaoia-inaiiaai ia?eiaea. ?aaeei ?aaiou aiaeio?aieeeua iai?yioth
ei??aeoe?oaony ?aaeeiii ?aaiou Eaoianeiai aiaeio?aieeeua, ec eioi?iai
inouanoaeythony iaeaieueoea ioai?u aeiai?ianeie aiaeu.
?ani?ino?aiaiea aiaeio?aieeeu ii ?aaeiiai Oe?aeiu ?aaeiiEiee/anoai
aiaeio?aieeeuIeiuaaeue aiaeiiai ca?eaea, ei2Iauee iau?i, iei. i3A?
E?ui2135,1336,9Aeiieoeeay70122,8326,3Aieuineay128,920,5Aeiai?iiao?ianeay
121205,8944,9Aeiiaoeeay148195,0866,8AEeoiie?neay4167,5160,6Caea?iaoneay9
11,152,1Caii?iaeneay2839,197,6Eaaii-O?aieianeay316,763,5Eeaaneay5793,519
5,1Ee?iaia?aaeneay8190,0257,4Eoaaineay6258,1220,1Eueaianeay2241,690,8Iee
ieaaaneay4164,1302,6Iaeanneay53761,71959,5Iieoaaneay6461,0139,0?iaaineay
1135,070,7Noineay4553,1109,3Oa?iiiieueneay1732,473,2Oa?ueeianeay50325,91
526,2Oa?niineay29125,4216,5Oiaeueieoeeay6098,1153,2*a?eanneay3254,0188,1
*a?ieaianeay1519,436,5*a?iiaeoeeay21,44,5Oe?aeia1094 2636,7 8361,9
Ec E?aiai/oaneiai aiaeio?aieeeua inouanoaeyaony aiaeicaai? aeey
oicyenoaaiii-ieoueaauo ioaeae ai?iaeia Ee?iaia?aaea e Naaoeiaiaenea, a
oaeaea ?yaea e?oiiuo i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee *a?eanneie e Iieoaaneie
iaeanoae. Iaeaieueoei aiaeicaai?iui oceii caeanue yaeyaony ianiniay
noaioeey eaiaea Aeiai?-Eiaoeaoe (37 i3/n).
Aeaiaa Aeiai?iaeca?aeeineiai aiaeio?aieeeua, aaaaeaiiiai a
yenieoaoaoeeth a 1966 a., ?aniieiaeaia auoa a. Aeiai?iaeca?aeeine.
Aiaeio?aieeeua iaoiaeeony ia oa??eoi?ee Ee?iaia?aaeneie, Iieoaaneie e
Aeiai?iiao?ianeie iaeanoae. Ieiuaaeue ca?eaea eneonnoaaiiiai aiaei?ia
ninoaaeyao 567 ei2, iauay aeeeia – 149 ei, iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia aei 8
ei, a n?aaeiyy aeoaeia – 4,3 i (iaeneiaeueiay aieaa 16 i).
Iau?i aiaeio?aieeeua eniieuecoaony i?aeiouanoaaiii aeey ?aaoee?iaaiey
noiea Aeiai?a, iaania/eaathuaai ?aaioiniiniaiinoue ianoiie AYN. Ionthaea
inouanoaeyaony aiaeicaai? a eaiae Aeiai?-Aeiiaann (niiniaiue i?iioneaoue
120 i3/n), ia oicyenoaaiii-ieoueaaua oeaee (2,9 i3/n – Aoeueneee
aiaeicaai?), aeey i?iiuoeaiiiai aiaeiniaaaeaiey (12 i3/n) e aeey iiaea/e
ia 16 i?ioaaiuo o/anoeia (ieiei 4,9 i3/n).
Aeiai?ianeia aiaeio?aieeeua (Aeiai?iayn) ia?aia aiaeio?aieeeua ec
Aeiai?ianeiai eaneaaea, iino?iaiiia a 1927-1932 aa. Ai a?aiy Aaeeeie
Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu ieioeia auea ?ac?ooaia, a a iineaaiaiiia a?aiy
aeae?iocae ainnoaiiaeee, ?aeiino?oe?iaaee e oaia?ue caeanue aeaenoaotho
aeaa aeae?iyeaeo?inoaioeee – AYN-1 (o i?aaiai aa?aaa ?aee) e AYN-2 (o
eaaiai aa?aaa, aaaaeaiiay a yenieoaoaoeeth a 1980 a.). Aiaeio?aieeeua
ieiuaaeueth 410 ei2 ?aniieiaeaii ia oa??eoi?ee Aeiai?iiao?ianeie e
Caii?iaeneie iaeanoae. Aai iauay aeeeia ninoaaeyao 129 ei, iaeneiaeueiay
oe?eia aeinoeaaao 7 ei, a n?aaeiyy aeoaeia – 8 i (iaeneiaeueiay – 53 i).
Oieueei iinea nii?oaeaiey Aeiai?iayna oaeaeinue iaania/eoue oneiaey
naiaiaeiiai noaeioiaenoaa ia yoii o/anoea Aeiai?a. Ii?iaeenoue o/anoie
eiae aeeeio aieaa 65 ei e oe?eio aei 1 ei, a iauee ia?aiaae aunio
ninoaaeye aieaa 30 iao?ia. Aeiai?ianeia aiaeio?aieeeua yaeyaony
aaeeinoaaiiui ai an?i eaneaaea, nicaeaiea eioi?iai ia i?eaaei e
iiaeoiieaieth caiaeue e ia?aciaaieth iaeeiaiaeiuo cii. Iii yaeyaony
enoi/ieeii oicyenoaaiii-ieoueaaiai aiaeiniaaaeaiey ai?iaeia
Aeiai?iiao?ianea, Aeiai?iaeca?aeeinea e Iiaiiineianea (iauee aiaeicaai?
ieiei 18 i3/n). Cia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai aiaeu (aei 148 i3/n) ec iaai
ioae?aaony ia ioaeaeu i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneiai oicyenoaa.
Noai? Eaoianeiai aiaeio?aieeeua, iino?iaiiiai a 1955-1958 aa. e
caiueathuaai Aeiai?ianeee eaneaae, ?aniieiaeai ieaea a. Eaoiaea. *aoa
aiaeio?aieeeua ieiuaaeueth 2155 ei2 i?ioyaeaaaony ii oa??eoi?ee
Caii?iaeneie, Aeiai?iiao?ianeie e Oa?niineie iaeanoae. Aai aeeeia
ninoaaeyao 238 ei, iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia aeinoeaaao 24,2 ei, a n?aaeiyy
aeoaeia – 8,5 i (iaeneiaeueiay aei 36 i).
Eaoianeia aiaeio?aieeeua – iaeaieueoee aiaeicaai?iue ocae Aeiai?ianeiai
eaneaaea, yaeythueeny enoi/ieeii ieoueaaiai aiaeiniaaaeaiey ai?iaeia
Ieeiiieue, Ia?aaiaoe, I?aeaeiieeeaeca, a oaeaea ?yaea ianaeaiiuo ioieoia
Oa?niineie iaeanoe e A? E?ui. Ionthaea aiaea ioae?aaony a iaeaieueoea
eaiaeu ia oieueei Oe?aeiu, a e Aa?iiu – Naaa?i-E?uineee eaiae (295
i3/n), Eaoianeee (350 i3/n), ianiniua noaioeee Naaa?i?iaa/eineie (55,5
i3/n), Aa?oiaoa?anianeie (13 i3/n) e Ieeiiieueneie (6,5 i3/n)
i?ineoaeueiuo nenoai. Noiia?iue iau?i aiaeicaai?a ec aiaeio?aieeeua
i?aauoaao 900 i3/n, /oi cia/eoaeueii aieueoa iaaeaiiie cao?aou Aeiai?a a
noai?a aeae?iocea a iaeiaiaeiua aiaeu. Ec i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaeoia
iaeaieueoeie iio?aaeoaeyie aiaeu yaeythony Caii?iaeneay A?AN (133 i3/n)
e eaiae Aeiai?-E?eaie ?ia (35 i3/n).
?ani?ino?aiaiea i?oaeia ii ?aaeiiai Oe?aeiu?aaeiiEiee/anoai
i?oaeiaIeiuaaeue aiaeiiai ca?eaea, ei2Iau?i, iei.i3A?
E?ui82341,9217,1Aeiieoeeay3210223,0273,6Aieuineay39134,331,4Aeiai?iiao?i
aneay124291,9155,1Aeiiaoeeay101286,0196,5AEeoiie?neay79499,1118,1Caea?ia
oneay584,68,4Caii?iaeneay84958,689,9Eaaii-O?aieianeay58723,530,4Eeaaneay
2386181,4235,2Ee?iaia?aaeneay1918134,489,0Eoaaineay30326,869,5Eueaianeay
118356,383,4Ieeieaaaneay87193,6111,3Iaeanneay82667,865,0Iieoaaneay122515
2,3224,8?iaiaineay42072,898,6Noineay119589,3161,9Oa?iiiieueneay48856,059
,0Oa?ueeianeay191098,6115,2Oa?niineay71851,877,4Oiaeueieoeeay1797120,214
3,2*a?eanneay2268162,5250,9*a?ieaianeay67568,599,6*a?iiaeoeeay43027,438,
7Oe?aeia 27579 2123 3043,2
Aeiai?ianeee eaneaae aiaeio?aieeeu yaeyaony eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii
eiiieaeniiai eniieueciaaiey aiaeiuo ?ano?nia. Ca?aaoee?iaaiiue ei noie
eniieuecoaony aeey aiaeiniaaaeaiey ai?iaeia e naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo
ioieoia; aiaeiniaaaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?ioaiey e oaeaaeiaiey caiaeue,
aeae?iyia?aaoeee, ?uaiiai oicyenoaa, aiaeiiai o?ainii?oa, ?ae?aaoeee e
ae?.
Aeiano?ianeia aiaeio?aieeeua
Noai? aeae?iocea Aeiano?ianeiai aiaeio?aieeeua ?aniieiaeai a ?aeiia a.
Ieaeiaaeiano?iane Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe. A Aeiano?ianeee eiiieaen aoiaeyo:
iniiaiia aiaeio?aieeeua n aeae?iyeaeo?inoaioeeae, aooa?iia
aiaeio?aieeeua e aeae?iaeeoioee?othuay yeaeo?inoaioeey. Ia?aue aa?aaao
AYN caiouai a yenieoaoaoeeth a 1981 a.
*aoa iniiaiiai aiaeio?aieeeua i?ioyaeaaaony ii oa??eoi?ee Aeiieoeeie,
Oiaeueieoeeie, *a?iiaeoeeie, Oa?iiiieueneie iaeanoae Oe?aeiu e
?anioaeeee Iieaeiaa. Ieiuaaeue ca?eaea aiaeio?aieeeua ninoaaeyao 142
ei2. Aeiano?ianeia aiaeio?aieeeua eiaao eiiieaeniia iacia/aiea e
iaania/eaaao ioaeaeu yia?aaoeee, aiaeiniaaaeaiey, i?ioaiey,
noaeioiaenoaa e ai?ueau n iaaiaeiaieyie. A eaoia-inaiiee ia?eiae iii
inouanoaeyao eiiiaine?othuaa ?aaoee?iaaiea noiea n oeaeueth iaania/aiey
iio?aaiinoae a aiaea iio?aaeoaeae io noai?a aeae?iocea aei onouey
Aeiano?a, a ceiiee ia?eiae – ?aaioaao a yia?aaoe/aneii ?aaeeia
Neioa?iiieueneee aeae?iocae – nia?aiaiiia aeae?ioaoie/aneia nii?oaeaiea,
eioi?ia iicaieeo i?ineoue 10 ouny/ aaeoa?ia eieoiciuo caiaeue
Neioa?iiieueneiai e Ieoya?ueneiai ?aeiiia, oeo/oeoue aiaeiniaaaeaiea
ai?iaea, aeaaiono?ieoue oeaio?”.
28 aeaeaa?y 1955 aiaea “E?uineay i?aaaea” niiaueea: “A/a?a
Ainoaea?noaaiiay eiienney i?eiyea aeae?ioaoie/aneia nii?oaeaiea ia
Neioa?iiieueneii aiaeio?aieeeua. Neioa?iiieueneee aeae?iocae,
no?ieaoeeny a oa/aiea /aou??o eao, anooiee a no?ie. Ieioeia
Neioa?iiieueneiai aiaeio?aieeeua yaeyaony naiie e?oiiie caieyiie
ieioeiie ia Oe?aeia. Iia iino?iaia ec aioneeo aeei.
Caiieiaiea Neioa?iiieueneiai aiaeio?aieeeua aiaeaie Naeae?a ia/aeinue a
oaa?aea 1955 aiaea e i?iaeieaeaeinue aei aeaeaa?y 1956-ai. Aiaeiia
ca?eaei, i?ioyioaoaany ia iyoue eeeiiao?ia, iie?uei iieiaiiue
E?uioaaaneee eanie e ianoaeua Aeoaea. Ia eaaii aa?aao aue ono?iai ieyae,
canuiaiiue ae?eoui ?aeooa/iui ianeii, n eaaeaeaie, “a?eaeaie” e ciioaie.
Caeanue iiyaeeenue ?acaeaaaeee, eeinee, nianaoaeueiay noaioeey e aeaaea
?anoi?ai. Ia aiaeiie aeaaee caaaeaee ia?ona yoo. Eeoi ?ac?acaee aieiu
iioi?iua eaoa?a. A aeoaeiu canaeeee ?uaie: iiieii o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ea?ia e
ea?any noaee iiain?eaie na?aa?yiue ea?anue, ycue, noaeae, oa?aiue.
Aie?oa iinaaeeee niniu.
E ciia ioaeuoa i?ieiaeeee aaoiaoniue ia?o?oo. Inoaiiaea oae e
iacuaaeanue – “Ieyae”. Ai?iaeaia ethaiaii iacuaaee aiaeio?aieeeua
Neioa?iiieueneei ii?ai. Ii neooaoeey eciaieeanue, eiaaea n 1961 aiaea a
nayce n iaoaaoeie ieoueaaie aiaeu a Neioa?iiiea aiaeio?aieeeua noaei
?aaioaoue ia ai?iae.
A iiya?a 1968-ai ai?niaao i?eiye ?aoaiea “Ia io?aia ieioeiu aeae?iocea
Neioa?iiieueneiai aiaeio?aieeeua”, eioi?ui ai?iaeaia auee eeoaiu naiaai
“ii?y”. Nae/an ia oa??eoi?ee i?eeaaathuae e aiaeio?aieeeuo cai?auaia
anyeay oicyenoaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue.
Ieiuaaeue aiaeiiai ca?eaea: 323 Aa, iauai i?e iieiii caiieiaiee
ninoaaeyao 36 iei i3, aeoaeia – aei 34 i. ?uaaeea ?ac?aoaia oieueei n
aa?aaa.
Eieaaaiey o?iaiy aiaeu aei 4 i – ia iineaaeiae oioia?aoee ianoi, aaea
i?e iieiii caiieiaiee aiaeiaia eiaeoue iaaiciiaeii (ec oiai, /oi aeaeae
ii E?uio ?aei?ae i?eiaaeeaaeeo Aaeiai?neiio aiaeio?aieeeuo – 8 i).
O?iaaiue aiaeu caaeneo io inaaeeia a ai?ao e eniieueciaaiey aiaeu ia
oaoioaeaeu. E ii iiaeao i/aiue aa?uee?iaaoue a oa/aiea aiaea, /oi
neeueii io?aaeaaony ia eeaaa. Oaeaea ia eeaa aeeyao eieinaeueiue
i?anneia.
Ii ?aeueaoo – anoue ioiineoaeueii iaeeea caeeau e aeoaeiu (i?e caa?ina
iao?ia ia ni?ie n aa?aaa – aeoaeia iiaeao aeinoeaaoue 20 i, ia
iineaaeiai oioi ianoi n aeoaeiie aei 15 i). Oei aa?aaa neaeueiue,
iaeeueii ia?inoee ?aeooeie-ae?aenaiie e ieaeeyie – niioaaonoaaiii
caoeaiu) A iaeioi?uo ianoao ia aeia iiiai ioni?a. Iiaeaao?aiiue aa?aa
(ii i?aiaeaaeaieth ?icu aao?ia) caaiei/ai ec-ca iaiinia eea.
Ec oeuieeia – ieoiue, uoea, noaeae. ?uaa anoue, ii eiaeoue aa iiaeii
oieueei n aa?aaa. Ni anai auoaia?a/eneaiiui – eiaeoue aa i/aiue neiaeii,
ii eioa?anii
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