Iacaaiea Oe?aeia aia?aua ano?a/aaony a Eiaoueaaneie eaoiiene a 1187
aiaeo.
Nouanoaotho ianeieueei oai?ee i i?ienoiaeaeaiee iacaaiey “Oe?aeia”. Ii
iaeiie ec ieo, iacaaiea i?ienoiaeeo io iauaneaayineiai “ioe?aeia”,
“iia?aie/iay iaeanoue”, eioi?ia aia?aua auei i?eiaiaii e iia?aie/iui
oa??eoi?eyi Eeaaneie ?one — Ia?ayneaaneiio eiyaeanoao e oaea
aiineaaenoaee ?ani?ino?aiaii ia ninaaeiea oa??eoi?ee. A aeaeueiaeoai
iacaaiea “Oe?aeia” oaeaea eniieueciaaeinue aeey eiaiiaaiey a?aie/iuo
caiaeue ?a/e Iiniieeoie. Iaeioi?ua oe?aeineea o/?iua a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
iuoathony inii?eoue yoo yoeiieiaeth, ooaa?aeaeay, /oi iniiaie iacaaiey
“Oe?aeia” a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe neoaeeei neiai “e?ae”, ii a cia/aiee
“oe?aeaaiey” (eae au au?acaiey) /anoueth neaayineeo ieai?i caiaeue aeey
i?iaeeaaiey. Auaeaeiooa auea oaeaea aa?ney, /oi iacaaiea Oe?aeiu
i?ienoiaeeo io neiaa “e?ae”, “e?a?ia” oi anoue i?inoi “no?aia”, “caiey
canaeaiiay naiei iiaeii”, a “oe?aeiaoe” icia/aei “niioa/anoaaiiee”. A
nia?aiaiiii ?onneii ycuea i?aaeeueiia neiaioiio?aaeaiea i?aaeeiaia “ia”
eee “a” ia?aae iacaaieai Oe?aeiu eiiaaea n/eoatho nii?iui aii?inii.
I?ioanni? A. A. Eiiaoei oeacuaaao, /oi enoi?e/anee ii?iaoeaiui yaeyaony
oiio?aaeaiea “ia Oe?aeio”, “n Oe?aeiu”, “ia Oe?aeia”, ii “a ainoaea?noaa
Oe?aeia” [4]. A ni?aai/ieea Ae. Y. ?icaioaey neacaii, /oi neaaeoao
ienaoue “a Oe?aeio”, “ec Oe?aeiu”, “a Oe?aeia” (i?e/?i aeaiiia eciaiaiea
auei aianaii a ni?aai/iee oaea iinea nia?oe Ae. ?icaioaey [5]).
Eae oeacuaaao ni?aai/iay neoaeaa a?aiioa “a 1993 aiaeo ii o?aaiaaieth
I?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu ii?iaoeaiui neaaeiaaei i?eciaoue aa?eaiou “a
Oe?aeio” e niioaaonoaaiii “ec Oe?aeiu”. Oai naiui, ii iiaieth
oe?aeineiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa, ?ac?uaaeanue ia ono?aeaathuay aai
yoeiieiae/aneay naycue eiino?oeoeee “ia Oe?aeio” e “ia ie?aeio”” [6].
Naia ni?aai/iay neoaeaa ?onneiai ycuea a?aiioa.?o anaaaea ?aeiiaiaeoao e
eniieueciaaieth eneeth/eoaeueii aa?eaio n eniieueciaaieai i?aaeeiaa
“ia”: “ia Oe?aeia”, “ia Oe?aeio” (a ethauo eiioaenoao) [7]. I?aceaeaio
?innee A. A. Iooei naiei i?eia?ii iieacae, /oi ii aai iiaieth
i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa aiai?eoue “a Oe?aeia”. [8]
?aiaa (aei iauyaeaiey iacaaeneiinoe Oe?aeiu) i?eiaiyeanue i?aeoe/anee
eneeth/eoaeueii oi?ia “ia Oe?aeia”, a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a XIX
aaea — ni noeeenoe/aneeie oeaeyie oaeaea — oi?ia “a Oe?aeia”.
Ianaeaiea
Ianaeaiea 48,457 iei /aeiaae (2001 aiae):
oe?aeioeu (77,8 %),
?onneea (17,3 %),
aaei?onu (0,6 %),
e?uineea oaoa?u (0,5 %),
iieaeaaaia (0,5 %),
aieaa?u (0,4 %),
aaia?u (0,3 %),
?oiuiu (0,3 %),
iieyee (0,3 %),
aa?ae (0,2 %),
a?aee (0,2 %),
a?iyia (0,2 %),
oaoa?u (0,2 %) e ae?oaea
Aeaoa iacaaeneiinoe 24 aaaonoa 1991 (io NNN?) Ioeoeeaeueiue ycue
Oe?aeineee, a E?uio oaeaea ?onneee Noieeoea Eeaa E?oiiaeoea ai?iaea
Eeaa, Oa?ueeia, Aeiai?iiao?iane, Aeiiaoee, Iaeanna, Caii?iaeuea, Eueaia,
E?eaie ?ia, Ieeieaaa Oi?ia i?aaeaiey Ia?eaiaionei-i?aceaeaioneay
?anioaeeea I?aceaeaio Aeeoi? THuaiei I?aiuea?-ieieno? THeey Oeiioaiei
Oa??eoi?ey 43-y a ie?a Anaai 603 700 ei? Ianaeaiea 25-a a ie?a Anaai
(1.08.07) 46 294 180 /ae. Ieioiinoue 76,9 /ae./ei? AAI 27-e a ie?a
Eoiai (2007) 131,197 ie?ae. $ Ia aeooo ianaeaiey 2,829 eee 8624 (ii IIN)
$ Aaethoa Oe?aeineay a?eaia (UAH, eiae 149) Eioa?iao-aeiiai .ua
Oaeaoiiiue eiae +380 *aniaie iiyn UTC +2
Oe?aeia ?aniieiaeaia a naaa?iii iieooa?ee, a aai oia?aiiie ciia, aaea
?acaeaaeanue nia?aiaiiay /aeiaa/aneay oeeaeeecaoeey. Eiaiii caeanue
aicieeee ana oi?iu aaiiieeoe/aneeo oi?ie?iaaiee e no?oeoo?: eiia?ee n
iao?iiieeyie, eieiieyie e ae?oaeie oi?iaie iieeoe/aneie caaeneiinoe,
naiinoiyoaeueiua ainoaea?noaa iiia?oe/aneiai, oaie?aoe/aneiai,
?anioaeeeaineiai, oaaea?aoeaiiai eee oieoa?iiai noaoonia. Oe?aeia eae
ninoaaiie yeaiaio ie?iaiai oieaa?noia i?ioea ia ?acee/iuo yoaiao naiaai
enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey ii/oe ana oi?iu iieeoe/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey. Iia
auea e iiia?oeae (Eeaaneay ?onue), e eieiieae ?inneeneie, Iieueneie e
Iniaineie eiia?ee, eiaea oaaea?aoeaiia ono?ienoai a IX–XII aa., auea
(Eacaoeeia ainoaea?noai — Caii?iaeuea) e oaia?ue yaeyaony ?anioaeeeie.
Oe?aeia ?aniieiaeaia a ainoi/iii naeoi?a Naaa?iiai iieooa?ey ia
aa?aceeneii eiioeiaioa, aaea iaoiaeeony iaeaieueoaa eiee/anoai
ainoaea?noa. A ie?iaii ianooaaa ia auniei?acaeoua no?aiu Naaa?iiai
iieooa?ey (oia?aiiay e /anoe/ii noao?iie/aneay i?e?iaeiua ciiu —
eieuaaee nia?aiaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee) i?eoiaeeony ianaeaiey 750 iei. /ae.
(~ 15%), i?iecaiaenoaa aaeiaiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa — 16,3 o?ei.
aeie. (78,8%). Oe?ioiay iieina iaeaieaa eioaineaiie iieeoe/aneie e
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie aeecie Naaa?iiai iieooa?ey i?aaenoaaeaia
/aou?ueiy oeaio?aie ie?iaie neeu. Eie yaeythony NOA, Caiaaeiay Aa?iia,
?inney e ssiiiey. Iie, ii nouanoao, ia?acotho aeaa aaia?aoe/aneeo
ianneaa — aia?eeaineee e aa?aceeneee. Oe?aeia iaoiaeeony a oeaio?a
aoi?iai. Iaeiaei iaeiia?aiaiii aia?eeaineee e caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneee
oeaio?u iauaaeeiaiu aiaiii-iieeoe/aneie no?oeoo?ie — Naaa?iaoeaioe/aneei
iaeoii.
Ii?aaeaeythuae /a?oie ?aaeiiaeueiiai aaia?aoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey Oe?aeiu
yaeyaony a? i?aauaaiea a nenoaia no?ai aa?aceeneiai eiioeiaioa e
aa?iiaeneiai noaeiioeiaioa, i?aaeaea anaai eo noa?aaeiiaeueiuo
iauaaeeiaiee, eioaa?aoeeiiiuo iieeoe/aneeo e yeiiiie/aneeo oi?ie?iaaiee.
Ia neo/aeii ia?aua ainoaea?noaaiiua ia?aciaaiey ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu
aicieeee a thaeiie a? /anoe — ia /a?iiii?neii iiaa?aaeuea. Yoi auee
ai?iaea-eieiiee (iieenu) ae?aaiae A?aoeee (VII a. aei i.y.) — Ieueaey,
Oe?a, Oa?niian, Iaioeeaiae, a iicaeiaa (IV–II no. aei ?. O?.) —
Ainii?neia oea?noai.
Ecaanoii, /oi aeeeia ainoaea?noaaiiie nooiiooiie a?aieoeu Oe?aeiu
ninoaaeyao i?eia?ii 6516 ei. Ii?neay a?aieoea aeinoeaaao 1053 ei —
aeeeia eeiee aaeieue oa??eoi?eaeueiuo aiae Oe?aeiu (oe?eia eioi?uo 12
ii?neeo ieeue- 22,2 ei). Oaeei ia?acii, iauay aeeeia a?aieoe 7569 ei.
Oe?aeia a?aie/eo n ?inneae, Aaea?onueth, Iieueoae, Neiaaeeae, Aaia?eae,
?oiuieae e Iieaeiaie. Ii *a?iiio ii?th — n A?oceae, Oo?oeeae e
Aieaa?eae.
A nia?aiaiiii e i?ioeii ninaaenoaa iieeoeei-aaia?aoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey
Oe?aeiu iniiaiay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo o?ai aieueoei ainoaea?noaai —
?innee, Iieueoa e Oo?oeee. Eiaaea-oi yoi auee iiaouanoaaiiua eiia?ee,
ai?iaoeany iaaeaeo niaie ca i?aai aeaaeaoue Oe?aeiie e aeaaeu/anoaiaaoue
ia *a?iii ii?a. Yoa ai?ueaa anaaaea eiaea caoaaoie/aneee oa?aeoa?, /oi
iiaoaeaeaei e aieiai, iinoiyiii iaane?iaeeaathuei eae eo, oae e Oe?aeio.
N?aaee aieueoeo ninaaeae — Aaea?onue e ?oiuiey. I?ioyaeaiiinoue
oe?aeinei-aaei?onneie a?aieoeu ninoaaeyao 952 ei. Oe?aeia eiaao iauoth n
Aaea?onueth nenoaio aiaeiuo (?a/iuo — Aeiai?, I?eiyoue) e
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo iooae. *oi aea eanaaony ?oiuiee, i?ioyaeaiiinoue
a?aieoeu n eioi?ie ninoaaeyao 608 ei, oi a? aaiiieeoe/aneia iieiaeaiea
ni?acia?iia n iieiaeaieai Iieueoe. Iieaeiaa oaeoaeaia a oa??eoi?eth
Oe?aeiu n thai-ainoiea. A? a?aieoea n Oe?aeiie aeeeiiaa (1194 ei), /ai
a?aieoeu ?oiuiee n iaoei ainoaea?noaii. Aaia?ey e Neiaaeey iaoiaeyony a
thai-caiaaeiii iai?aaeaiee ia iooe auoiaea Oe?aeiu a Aa?iio, a /anoiinoe
ia Aae?eaoeeo. Iieiaeeoaeueiui oaeoi?ii ai acaeiiioiioaieyo ni Neiaaeeae
yaeyaony i?iaeeaaiea a iae i?eia?ii ni?iea ouny/ oe?aeioeaa-?oneiia
(thaeiay Eaieiaueia). Yoi yaeyaony aaaeiui oneiaeai noaaeeueiinoe e
aaciianiinoe oe?aeinei-neiaaoeeiai ninaaenoaa.
Ae?oaia ninaaeiaa ainoaea?noai — Aaia?ey a?aie/eo eneeth/eoaeueii n
Caea?iaoneie iaeanoueth
Oe?aeia iaoiaeeony a Ainoi/iie Aa?iia iaaeaeo 22° 08′ e 40° 05′ a.ae., a
oaeaea iaaeaeo 52° 18′ e 44° 22′ n.o. I?ioyaeaiiinoue n caiaaea (io
a.*ii) ia ainoie(iao. Iaeiaia Eoaaineie iaeanoe) ninoaaeyao 1316 ei., a
n naaa?a (n. Iao?iaea *a?ieaianeie iaeanoe) ia tha (iun Na?u/ a E?uio)
aeinoeaaao 893ei. Ieiuaaeue-603,7 oun. ea. ei., ianaeaiea ieiei 49 iei.
/aeiaae.
Ia caiaaea Oe?aeia a?aie/eo n Iieueoae, Neiaaeeae, Aaia?eae, ?oiuieae,
ia thai-caiaaea- n Iieaeiaie, ia naaa?i-caiaaea e ainoiea- n ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeeae. Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue a?aieoe i?eaeeceoaeueii6500 ei. N
thaa Oe?aeio iiuaatho *a?iia e Acianeia ii?y, iauay aeeeia aa?aaiaie
eeiee aeinoeaaao 2835 ei.
A ninoaa Oe?aeiu aoiaeyo:
1. Aaoiiiiiay ?anioaeeea E?ui (A?E);
2. 24 aaeieieno?aoeaiua iaeanoe e 485 ?aeiiia;
3. 437 ai?iaeia;
4. 9531 naeueneeo niaaoia.
Aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea Oe?aeiu aeaaii?eyoii aeey aeecie e
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ianaeaiey. ?anioaeeea iaoiaeeony a
i?aaeaeao Ainoi/ii- Aa?iiaeneie ?aaieiu, a ciiao niniiauo e
oe?ieieenoaaiii-niniiauo (niaoaiiuo) eania, eaninoaie e noaie. Ii
aaia?aoe/aneiio e oe?ioiiio iieiaeaieth Oe?aeia niioaaonoaoao
?aniieiaeaieth O?aioeee, naaa?iie /anoe NOA e thaeiui ?aeiiai Eaiaaeu,
eiaao noiaeiua n ieie /a?ou i?e?iaeu. Aeey ?anioaeeee oa?aeoa?iu
?aaieiiinoue oa??eoi?ee, iyaeinoue eeeiaoa, oa??eoi?eaeueii eiiiaeoiia
?aciauaiea ?aciiia?aciuo ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaauo ?ano?nia
aunieiieiaei?iaeiua ii/au, ?aciiia?aciua ?anoeoaeueiua ?ano?nu. Ana yoi
oaea/ii ni/aoaaony n oaeianoaii aeey nooiiooiuo, ii?neeo e ?a/iuo
o?ainii?oiuo naycae ni iiiaeie ca?oaaaeiuie no?aiaie. Ii oa??eoi?ee
Oe?aeiu i?ioiaeyo o?ainaa?iiaeneea iaooa- e aacii?iaiaeu, eeiee
aunieiaieueoiuo yeaeo?iia?aaea/, yeaeo?eoeoee?iaaiiua ae/ae, aaaeiua
aaoiiaaeno?aee. Ia aa?aaao ii?ae iaoiaeyony aunieiiniauaiiua ii?ou. Ii
Aeoiath e aai noaeioiaeiui i?eoieai inouanoaeyaony naycue n naiueth
aa?iiaeneeie no?aiaie.
Oe?aeineay ?anioaeeea, ainoaea?noai ia thaa Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu. N thaa
iiuaaaony *a?iui e Acianeei ii?yie. Ia ainoiea e naaa?a Oe?aeia a?aie/eo
n ?inoianeie, Ai?iiaaeneie, Aaeai?iaeneie, Eo?neie e A?yineie iaeanoyie
?innee. Ia naaa?i-caiaaea — n Aaei?onneae, ia caiaaea — n Iieueoae,
Neiaaeeae, Aaia?eae, ?oiuieae e Iieaeaaeae. I?ioyae?iiinoue a?aieoe –
8215 ei. I?ioyae?iiinoue nooiiooiiai (?a/iiai, ic??iiai) o/anoea
a?aieoeu ?innee n Oe?aeiie – 1925,8 ei. Oa??eoi?ey i?aeiouanoaaiii
?aaieiiay. Iniiaiua oeceei-aaia?aoe/aneea ciiu: niaoaiiua eana
(Iieanuea), eaninoaiue e noaiue. Ia e?aeiai caiaaea no?aiu oyioony
Oe?aeineea Ea?iaou (iaeaunoay oi/ea – ai?a Aiaa?ea – 2061 iao?), a ia
e?aeiai thaa – E?uineea ai?u (iaeaunoay oi/ea – ai?a ?iiai-Eio – 1545
iao?ia).
Iiaa?oiinoue oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu a iniiaiii ?aaieiiay, n ieciaiiinoyie
(Iieanneay, I?eaeiai?ianeay, I?e/a?iiii?neay) e ioaeaeueiuie
neaaianoieieaiiuie aicauoaiiinoyie aunioie aei 300–500 i (Iiaeieueneay,
I?eaeiai?ianeay, Aeiiaoeeee e?yae e ae?.). Ai?u ?aniieiaeaiu ia caiaaea
(Ea?iaoneea) e ia thaa (E?uineea). Naiay aunieay aa?oeia no?aiu – a.
Aiaa?ea a Ea?iaoao (2061 i).
Iniiaiua ?aee Oe?aeiu — Aeiai?, THaeiue Aoa e Aeoiae — aiaaeatho a
*a?iia ii?a. Eiaaony aieaa 7000 ica? (a iieiao ?ae, a oaeaea ia
naaa?i-caiaaea, a Iieanuea — iaeaieaa caaiei/aiiii ?aeiia). E?oiiaeoea
aiaeio?aieeeua – E?aiai/oaneia, Eaoianeia, Aeiai?iaeca?aeeineia,
Eeaaneia e Eaiaaneia.
Eeeiao oia?aiii eiioeiaioaeueiue. Oa?aeoa?iu naciiiua ?acee/ey, ceiu
oia?aiii oieiaeiua, eaoi i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia, oaieia eee aea?eia,
n?aaeiyy oaiia?aoo?a ethey 18–24° N, yiaa?y io -8° N aei 2–4° N (ia
THaeiii aa?aao E?uia). Noiia?iia aiaeiaia eiee/anoai inaaeeia aeey
aieueoae /anoe Oe?aeiu ninoaaeyao 600 ii, a Ea?iaoao – aei 1600 ii, ia
thaa e thai-ainoiea 400–300 ii. THaeiue aa?aa E?uia oa?aeoa?ecoaony
noao?iie/aneei eeeiaoii n?aaeecaiiiii?neiai oeia.
Aieueoay /anoue oa??eoi?ee no?aiu (eaninoaie e noaie) caiyou /a?iicaiaie
— naiuie ieiaei?iaeiuie ii/aaie a ie?a. Iiyno /a?iicaiia niioaaonoaoao
noaiiay ciia. Ni aoi?ie iieiaeiu 18 a. ia/aeanue eioaineaiay ?aniaoea
noaiae, e a ianoiyuaa a?aiy anoanoaaiiay ?anoeoaeueiinoue a yoie ciia
nio?aieeanue oieueei a iaiiiai/eneaiiuo caiiaaaeieeao (Aneaiey-Iiaa).
Ae?oaea ciiu — eaninoaiiay e eaniay. Eaniay ciia aeeth/aao ?aciiia?aciua
niaoaiiua e eenoaaiiua eana n aaeie (aa?iiaeneie) ieooie, niniie, aoeii
e aeoaii. A eaninoaiiie ciia eana ninoiyo aieueoae /anoueth ec aeoaa;
/anoi ino?iaee eana ie?oaeaiu iaoiyie. Neeiiu Ea?iao iie?uou niaoaiiuie
e oaieiuie eanaie ec aeoaa, aoea, aee e ieoou. Ia neeiiao E?uineeo ai? —
eana ec aoea, aeoaa, niniu. THaeiue aa?aa E?uia eiaao cia/eoaeueiua
ia?eiaua ianaaeaeaiey ec ?acee/iuo aeaeia n?aaeecaiiiii?neie oei?u,
caeanue ?ani?ino?aiaiu o?oeoiaua naaeu e aeiia?aaeieee.
Ec-ca ?aniaoee noaiae e oeuie/aneie ?ac?aaioee eania (iniaaiii a
niaaoneee ia?eiae) aeeaioiue ie? Oe?aeiu aaaeai aeaeiaui ?aciiia?aceai,
caeanue iaei yiaeaieeia. Ian/eouaaaony 101 aeae ieaeiieoathueo, 350
aeaeia ioeoe, 21 aeae i?aniueathueony, 19 aeaeia caiiiaiaeiuo e aieaa
200 aeaeia ?ua. Iaaeaaaee, caeoeu, aeeeea eaaaiu, eenu, eine, ?unue,
oaoa?aaa, ?ya/eee, i?eu, yno?aau e niau aei neo ii? iaeoatho ia
naaa?i-caiaaea – a Ea?iaoao e Iieanuea. A eaninoaie ?ani?ino?aiaiu
ieaie, eaaaiu, aieee, a?ucoiu (oiiye, oi?ae), eo?iiaoee, ni?iee, eaieae.
Aeey noaiiiai iiyna iaeaieaa oeie/iu a?ucoiu, iieaaua ioeoeu e
ianaeiiua. Ia Oe?aeia nicaeaii 15 caiiaaaeieeia, iaeaieaa e?oiiua —
*a?iiii?neee e Iieanneee. Ea?iaoneee e Oaoeeee i?e?iaeiua iaoeeiiaeueiua
ia?ee. A caiiaaaeieea Aneaiey-Iiaa i?iaiaeeony ?aaioa ii
eio?iaeooee?iaaieth yecioe/aneeo aeaeia.
Ianaeaiea, ii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui Anaoe?aeineie ia?aiene
ianaeaiey, ii ninoiyieth ia 5 aeaeaa?y 2001a. ninoaaeei 48 iei. 416 oun.
/aeiaae. N 1991 aiaea onoaiiaeeanue onoie/eaay oaiaeaioeey i?aauoaiey
nia?oiinoe iaae ?iaeaeaaiinoueth. Ca iineaaeiaa aeanyoeeaoea ianaeaiea
Oe?aeiu nie?aoeeinue ia 3,4%, a a yiaa?a-ethia 2002a. – au? ia 0,6%,
aeinoeaioa a ethea 2002 a. ioiaoee 28 iei. 146 oun. /aeiaae. N?aaeiyy
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie a Oe?aeia ninoaaeyao 67,7 eao: ioae/ei –
62,3 aiaea, aeaiuei – 73,2 aiaea. 67% ianaeaiey i?iaeeaaao a ai?iaeao,
33% – a naeueneie ianoiinoe. Ieioiinoue – 86,4 /aeiaaea ia eaaae?aoiue
eeeiiao?. Iaeaieaa aonoiianae?iiuie ii ninoiyieth ia 5 aeaeaa?y 2001
aiaea auee Aeiiaoeeay (4843 oun.), Aeiai?iiao?ianeay (3560 oun.) e
Oa?ueeianeay (2910 oun.) iaeanoe. A E?uio i?iaeeaatho 2031 oun. /ae.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue oio oaeo, /oi nouanoaaiiay /anoue ianaeaiey
Oe?aeiu aeea?o ca /a?oie aaaeiinoe.
A /anoiinoe, ii aeaiiui io/?oa Ie?iaiai aaiea, iioaeeeiaaiiiai a 2003
aiaeo, ieiei 19% ianaeaiey aeeei a aaaeiinoe, iaeiaei iaiaoeeanue
nouanoaaiiay oaiaeaioeey nieaeaieth aeiee aaaeiiai ianaeaiey (aeey
n?aaiaiey, yoio iieacaoaeue a 2002a. ninoaaeye aieaa 30% ianaeaiey).
A iineaaeiea aiaeu oneeeaaaony aeeyiea ?einei-eaoiee/aneie oea?eae –
iniaaiii iinea aeceoa Eiaiia Iaaea II a 2001 aiaeo. Anoue i?ioanoaiou,
ionoeueiaia, eoaeae. *eneaiiinoue yoeo eiioannee iinoaiaiii aic?anoaao.
Yeiiiieei-aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea no?aiu, a? i?e?iaeii-?ano?niue
iioaioeeae e ianaeaiea nouanoaaiiui ia?acia aeeytho ia acaeiiaeaenoaea
Oe?aeiu ni no?aiaie – oi?aiauie ia?oi??aie. Iniaaiii y?ei yoi aeeyiea
i?iyaeeinue iinea ?aniaaea Niaaoneiai Nithca e ia?ooaieai iiiaeo
yeiiiie/aneeo naycae oe?aeineeo i?aaei?eyoee n eo iinoaaueeaie e
nauoiaeeaie. Aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea Oe?aeiu i?aaeii?aaeaeeei e?oa
iiauo oi?aiauo ia?oi??ia, a oaeaea iieeoe/aneee eo?n ia naeeaeaiea ni
no?aiaie caiaaea.
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