Iaiy caeioa?aniaaei oiaiea no?aiu nio?aiyoue aunieea onoie/eaua oaiiu
naiaai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey. Aaaeue ninaaenoai n Aa?iaieae,
Aaeeeia?eoaieae, O?aioeeae, Oaaeoea?eae – aaaeoueie ie?iauie aea?aeaaaie
n auniei eiieo?aioiie yeiiiieeie ia iiiaoaei onoie/eaiio ?acaeoeth
yeiiiieee Aeaiee. No?aia ia oieueei noiaea aueoe ia ie?iaoth a?aio ni
naieie oiaa?aie, ii e ii e caiyea i?i/iua iiceoeee ia ie?iaii ?uiea. Ia
iie acaeyae iiuo ?acaeoey aeaoneie yeiiiieee caneoaeeaaao aieiaiey e
eco/aiey.
Nia?aiaiiay Aeaiey (Ei?ieaanoai Aeaiee) – auniei?acaeoay
eiaeono?eaeueii-aa?a?iay no?aia( i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie oeie/iue i?eia?
iaeiai ainoaea?noaa( /ue? aeaaininoiyiea iniiaaii ia oiaeii
eniieueciaaiee i?aeiouanoa Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea. No?aia
?aniieiaeaia ia Naaa?i-caiaaea Aa?iiu e ioiineony e /eneo neaiaeeiaaneeo
no?ai.
A Aeaiee i?iaeeaaao aieaa 5(1 ieeeeiiia /aeiaae. Aieueooth /anoue
ianaeaiey no?aiu( nauoa 90% ninoaaeytho aeao/aia. Aeaiey – ii?neay
no?aia. A iae iao ie iaeiiai ioieoa,( eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny au io ii?y
aeaeueoa 60 ei. Iia eiaao eeoue ia thaa no?aiu iaaieueooth (68 ei)
nooiiooioth a?aieoeo n Aa?iaieae.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue ycue – aeaoneee( ioeoeeaeueiay ?aeeaey – ethoa?aineay.
Noieeoea Aeaiee – Eiiaiaaaai( iniiaaiiue a 1167a. e ian/eouaathuee
aianoa n i?eai?iaeaie 1(34 iei. /aeiaae. Ae?oaeie e?oiiuie ai?iaeaie
no?aiu yaeythony I?oon( Iaeaina e Ieueai?a( ianaeaiea eaaeaeiai ec
eioi?uo ninoaaeyao ieiei 100 oun. /aeiaae.
Aiai?y i i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nao ioaeii ioiaoeoue( /oi iaae?a no?aiu aaaeiu
iieaciuie eneiiaaiuie. I?aaaea( eiathony ianoi?iaeaeaiey oi?oa(
ecaanoiyeia e aeeiu. A ia/eiay n 70-o aiaeia a Naaa?iii ii?a noaea
i?iecaiaeeoueny aeiau/a iaooe( ia/aeinue inaiaiea ianoi?iaeaeaiee
i?e?iaeiiai aaca. Iaoiaeynue ia aaaeiuo ii?neeo iooyo( Aeaiey caieiaao
auaiaeiia iieiaeaiea,( eioi?ia ia i?ioyaeaiee aaeia iaania/eaaei ae
oi?aiai – o?ainii?oiua nayce eae n ninaaeieie no?aiaie( oae e n ae?oaeie
/anoyie naaoa.
II. INIAAIIINOE IINEAAIAIIIAI ?ACAEOEss AeAIEE
Ia oaiiu yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey no?aiu cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea eiaao ?yae
oaeoi?ia:
( ?ieinoue aioo?aiiaai ?uiea e aiaoiyy oi?aiaey;
( IO? e nei?inoue aiaae?aiey yoeo aeinoeaeaiee a i?iecaiaenoai;
( oeeeee/aneee oa?aeoa? yeiiiieee, aeoaeia e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
e?ecenia e o. i.
Aiaeece?oy iniaaiiinoe iineaaiaiiiai ?acaeoey yeiiiieee Aeaiee,
iaiaoiaeeii ?anniio?aoue aicaeaenoaea yoeo oaeoi?ia.
1)Aeeyiea aioo?aiiaai ni?ina e yenii?oa ia yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea
Aeaiee.
Iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in e aai eciaiaiea aicaeaenoaoao ia oaiiu ?inoa
yeiiiieee. Aicaeaenoaea yoi aeaiyeia. N iaeiie noi?iiu, /ai auoa ?ino
i?iecaiaenoaa, oai aieueoa caiyouo e auno?aa ?anooo aeioiaeu. A
?acoeueoaoa ?ano?o iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in. N ae?oaie noi?iiu aai ?ino
noeioee?oao aeaeueiaeoaa ?anoe?aiea i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaeiaei anee /anoue
aeioiaea ia aoaeao inaaeaoue a aeaea eiaanoeoeee eee naa?aaeaiee a
aaieianeie noa?a, oi aicieeiao “eiaanoeoeeiiiue aieiae” e a eiia/iii
eoiaa /a?ac ii?aaeae?iiue ia?eiae i?iecieae?o caiaaeeaiea ?inoa
i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia oaiiu ?inoa yeiiiieee aeeyao aiaoiyy oi?aiaey.
Oioy ?ino yenii?oa ia eiaao oaeie oaniie nayce n ?acaeoeai yeiiiieee,
eae ?ino aioo?aiiaai iio?aaeaiey, ?anoe?aiea yenii?oa caaeneo i?aaeaea
anaai, io ninoiyiey eiiuthieoo?u e eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe oiaa?ia
yenii?oa ia ie?iaii ?uiea. Iaeiaei ?anoe?aiea yenii?oiuo aiciiaeiinoae
yaeyaony i?yiui noeioee?othuei oaeoi?ii onei?aiey yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa.
ss n/eoath, /oi iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in ii-naiaio ?aaoee?oao ?ino
i?iecaiaenoaa. N oaaee/aieai ni?ina i?iecaiaenoai ?ano?o, a a neaaenoaee
yoiai auno?ue ?ino aeioiaeia. Ii a yoii i?iniao?eaaaony e
io?eoeaoaeueiay noi?iia a aeaea ia?aiauaiey eaieoaea a noa?o
i?iecaiaenoaa.
2) ?ieue iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee a yeiiiie/aneii ?acaeoee Aeaiee
Yiioa IO? iinoaaeea aeaaiia caaea/ae ia?aae aeaoneie yeiiiieeie
aeaeueiaeoaa oaeoaeaiea niaoeeaeecaoeee a nenoaia I?O. A ?aaeecaoeee
yoie caaea/e ?acaeoea IEIE? ea?aao aanueia nouanoaaiioth ?ieue. Iniiaiay
ooieoeey IEIE? – nicaeaiea iiauo oiaa?ia n oeo/oaiiuie iio?aaeoaeueneeie
naienoaaie( niaa?oainoaiaaiea nouanoaothueo oiaa?ia( iiene iiauo naienoa
iaoa?eaeia( ii?aaeaeaiea ?inoa yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie ?acaeouie no?aiaie iniaaiiinoueth Aeaiee auee
aieueoee oaeaeueiue aan ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiaine?iaaiey IEIE? e
iaaeaiea aeiee aiaoieo enoi/ieeia.
A eiioea 60-o aiaeia a Aeaiee auea naiay aunieay a Caiaaeiie Aa?iia, ca
eneeth/aieai Oaaeoea?ee, aeiey o/?iuo e eiaeaia?ia n aunoei ia?aciaaieai
n?aaee caiyouo a IEIE?. Iia au?inea n 42% a 1968 a. aei 45% a 1972 a.,
ii caoai nieceeanue aei 39% a 1975 a. Aeiey oaoieeia ninoaaeea a
n?aaeiai 34%, ?aai/eo ( 15 e i?i/eo caiyouo ( 8% 3. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a
Aeaiee ia eaaeaeiai niaoeeaeenoa n aunoei ia?aciaaieai i?eoiaeeeinue a
n?aaeiai 1,6 nio?oaeieea aniiiiaaoaeueiiai ia?niiaea.
A oeaeii aiai?y i aeeyiee IO? ia yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea Aeaiee,
iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue oi, /oi i?iaeoeoeey IEIE?, uaae?i oeiaine?oaiuo
ainoaea?noaii aianea ia?iiiia iieiaeeoaeueiia naeueaei a yeiiiieeo
no?aiu. Iaiaeiaaaeia oae aea e nei?inoue i?eiaiaiey yoeo iiaoanoa. Yoi
aucaaii no?aieaieai ainoaea?noaa ethaie oeaiie iiauneoue
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue naiae i?iaeoeoeee ia ie?iaie a?aia.
3)Aicaeaenoaea yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena 1974-1975 aiaeia ia yeiiiieeo
Aeaiee
Yeiiiieea Aeaiee iaoiaeeeinue a noaaeee iiaeu?ia aei iineaaeiaai
eaa?oaea 1973a. Iiauoaiea oeai ia iaooue ieacaei io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea
ia oicyenoaaiioth eiiuthieoo?o Aeaiee.
E yoiio a?aiaie Aeaiey( neeueii caaenyuay io eiii?oa nu?uey e oiieeaa.
Oeaiu ia ieo ?inee c eiioea 1973 a. a 6 – 7 ?ac auno?aa( /ai ia iaoeiu e
iai?oaeiaaiea. A ?acoeueoaoa( ianiio?y ia oneeey no?aiu a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a( iniaaiii a ?anoe?aiee naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa( iia ieacaeanue n?aaee no?ai AYN a iaeaieaa oyae?eii
iieiaeaiee. Oaiiu ?inoa AII nieceeenue aei 0(2% a 1974 aiaeo e aei
-1(5% a 1975 aiaeo4.
Aeaiey ia/aea auoiaeeoue ec e?ecena eeoue a 1976 a.( eiaaea oaiiu ?inoa
AII aiiaue iiaeiyeenue aei 5(3%.
Ai a?aiy yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena 1974 – 1975 aa. aaeaaiaeiia nie?auaiea
/enea caiyouo auei 1(4% a 1974 a. e 1% a 1975 a. Iniaaiii iino?aaeaee
caiyoua a i?iiuoeaiiinoe (5(56 e 4(8%) ( oi?aiaea e no?ieoaeuenoaa.
Aieaa eee iaiaa noaaeeueiue o?iaaiue caiyoinoe nio?aieeny a naeueneii
oicyenoaa( yeaeo?i- ( aaci- ( aiaeiniaaaeaiee( o?ainii?oa e nayce. Eeoue
a noa?a oneoa caiyoinoue a e?eceniua aiaeu oaaee/eeanue.
III. NAEUeNEIA OICssENOAI AeAIEE
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?ai?iiue eieaeae Aeaiee a ie?oaeathuai ie?a, eioi?ue
iiaeaea?aeeaatho e naie aeao/aia, ( yoi naeueneioicyenoaaiiay
niaoeeaeecaoeey. Aeaoneia naeueneia oicyenoai ia i?ioyaeaiee aaeia
ea?aao noa?aeiaaoth ?ieue a iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieea, ia aai iniiaa
noi?ie?iaaeanue no?oeoo?a i?iiuoeaiiinoe no?aiu. A naeueneii oicyenoaa
Aeaiee caiyoi 120 oun. /aeiaae eee 5% o?oaeiniiniaiiai ianaeaiey5.
No?aia yaeyaony e?oiiaeoei ie?iaui yenii?o??ii aaeiia (70% iau?ia
ie?iaiai yenii?oa), aoi?ui ii auaico iyniuo eiina?aia (21%), /aoa??oui
ii ianeo (12%), nu?o (10%) e ii yenii?oo ?uau (7%)6. Iniiaiuie ?uieaie
nauoa yaeythony oaeea no?aiu eae Aiaeey, NOA, Oaaoeey, Aa?iaiey,
O?aioeey. Eiieo?aioaie Aeaiee ia ?uiea naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
yaeythony Aieeaiaeey, Iiaay Caeaiaeey, Oaaeoea?ey, O?aioeey, Eneaiaeey.
Aieueooth ?ieue a nio?aiaiee iiceoeee i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiiai yenii?oa
nua?aea i?aaiecaoeey iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee e niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?iaeoeoia, /oi nicaeaaaei oneiaey aeey iiyaeaiey iiauo i?iaeoeoia e
oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa noa?uo.
Cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a naeueneii oicyenoaa Aeaiee ea?aao eiiia?aoeey,
eioi?ay eiaao aieaa /ai aaeiaoth enoi?eth e ioaaouaaao aieueooth /anoue
caieaaeaaeaeueoeaa. Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi yoi i?aaeaea anaai
nauoiaay eiiia?aoeey. Eiiia?aoeau aei neo ii? aeiieie?otho ia aeaoo
naiuo aaaeiuo ?uieao – iiei/iuo i?iaeoeoia e ?uiea aaeiia. *a?ac ieo
i?ioiaeyo ieiei 90% anae i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee. Eiiiaiey ii yenii?oo
aaeiia “Ynnooae” aicaeaaeyao nienie e?oiiaeoeo aeaoneeo eiiiaiee ii
?acia?o iai?ioa. Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue ianea auaiceony eiiiaieae
“Aaooa?aeaei”. Ia ae?oaeo ?uieao aeaenoaotho eae eiiia?aoeau, oae e
/anoiua eiiiaiee, eiieo?e?othuea iaaeaeo niaie.
Ioaeii ioiaoeoue oniaoiia aiaae?aiea “ieoaaie” no?aoaaee a ?acaeoea AIE.
Aoaeo/e iaeie no?aiie, Aeaiey aii?aee naiei e?oiiui eiino?aiiui
eiieo?aioai ?ac?aaioaea eiioeaioeeth, eioi?ay ecaanoia eae eiioeaioeey
neaiaeeiaaneie ieoe. Iia i?aaeiieaaaao ia ai?ueao n e?oiiuie
eiieo?aioaie, a ecuneaiea iniauo noa? aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua eee
iaaeinooiiu, eee ia i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aieueoiai eioa?ana aeey
e?oiiaeoeo iiiiiieee ie?a ec-ca niaoeeoe/iinoe oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe e a?
iacia/eoaeueiinoe ii ianooaaai. Ieoaaay no?aoaaey naeaeaea Aeaieth naiie
“aano?iiiie/aneie no?aiie” ie?a.
A cia/eoaeueiie ia?a a AIE i?eiaiyaony aeeooa?aioeeaoeey i?iaeoeoeee.
Oae, o/eouaay ?acee/iua aeonu e o?aaiaaiey iio?aaeoaeae, Aeaiey
aeeooa?aioee?oao nai? naeueneioicyenoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai: aeey
aiaeeeneiai ?uiea ioaeaeueii auioneaaony iniaue ?iae aaeiia, aeey
iaiaoeeiai ioeaaeaii i?iecaiaenoai aunieiea/anoaaiiie naaaeae aiayaeeiu,
aeey yiiineiai iniaue ni?o naeieiu e o.ae.
A oeaeii, aiai?y i naeueneii oicyenoaa Aeaiee iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi yoa
no?aia iaeaaeaao iaeiei ec naiuo ?acaeouo AIE. Ii ?an/?oai aeaoneeo
yeiiiienoia, i?iecaiaeeiiai caeanue i?iaeiaieuenoaey oaaoeo ia oieueei
ia an? ianaeaiea no?aiu, ii e aeey ianuuaiey iio?aaiinoae aeaoo naiuo
e?oiiuo ai?iaeia ie?a: Iueth-Ei?ea e Oieei. Iaeei aeaoneee oa?ia?
niiniaai i?iei?ieoue 115 iio?aaeoaeae ia o?iaia caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo
noaiaea?oia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, Aeaiey iiaeao iaania/eoue
i?iaeiaieuenoaeai ianaeaiea a 30 iei. /aeiaae, /oi a 6 ?ac i?aauoaao a?
nianoaaiiia ianaeaiea.8
IV. AINOAeA?NOAAIII ( IIIIIIEENOE*ANEIA ?AAOEE?IAAIEA YEIIIIE*ANEIAI
?ACAEOEss AeAIEE.
Aaaeiaeooth ?ieue a onei?aiee no?oeoo?iuo naeaeaia e ?anoe?aiee iiceoeee
Aeaiee a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea ca iineaaiaiiue ia?eiae
ea?aei ?acaeoea ainoaea?noaaiii-iiiiiieenoe/aneiai eaieoaeecia (AIE) a
no?aia.
Aeaaiua iauaeou ainoaea?noaaiii-iaiiiieenoe/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
yeiiiieee – yoi /anoiue naeoi?( a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aaaeouea iiiiiieee(
e ainoaea?noaaiiue naeoi?. Niioaaonoaaiii nenoaio
ainoaea?noaaiii-iiiiiieenoe/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee e neaaeoao
?anniao?eaaoue ia aeaoo o?iaiyo: /anoiiiiiiiieenoe/aneia ?aaoee?iaaiea e
yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa.
1) *anoiiiiiiiieenoe/aneia ?aaoee?iaaiea
150 aeaoneeo oe?i (o. a. 0(7% iauaai /enea oe?i a no?aia) aea?aeao a
naieo ?oeao 50% anaai yenii?oa i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Ec iiaen/?oia
iu aeaeei( /oi aeaaea aac o/?oa iiceoeee aaaeoueo iiiiiieee a
iaania/aiee aioo?aiiaai ?uiea iiae eo eiio?ieai iaoiaeeony ia iaiaa 25%
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa a no?aia. Yoio iieacaoaeue aeey
ainoaea?noaaiiiai naeoi?a ninoaaeyao ieiei 3%( /oi io?aaeaao
cia/eoaeueiia i?aainoiaenoai /anoiieaieoaeenoe/aneiai naeoi?a iaae
ainoaea?noaaiiui.
Oe?aieaiea yeiiiie/aneiai e iieeoe/aneiai aeeyiey iiiiiieee a no?aia
iaania/eaaaony iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo ?u/aaia /anoiiiiiiiieenoe/aneiai
?aaoee?iaaiey oicyenoaaiiuo i?ioeannia – eiioeaio?aoeeae e
oeaio?aeecaoeeae i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi iaeiie ec iniaaiiinoae Aeaiee yaeyaony
aa?oeeaeueiia ?acaeoea eiioeaio?aoeee( o.a. i?aiaeaaeathuae oi?iie
eiioeaio?aoeee yaeyaony iiaeiuaiea e?oiiuie oe?iaie oe?i ae?oaeo
i?iiuoeaiiuo io?aneae, /oi auaiaeii aeey ieo n ianeieueeeo iiceoeee.
Iai?eia? yoi iaeiaiaua eueaiou
Oeie/iui o?iaiai /anoiiiiiiiieenoe/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey a Aeaiee
inoa?ony ?aaoee?iaaiea oicyenoaaiiuo i?ioeannia
oeiainiai-iiiiiieenoe/aneeie a?oiiaie. Iaeaieaa iiuiie n?aaee ieo
yaeyaony Ainoi/iiaceaoneay eiiiaiey (AAE), eiio?iee?othuay ai an?i ie?a
aeayoaeueiinoue 185 aei/a?ieo oe?i e 68 oeeeaeia, a eioi?uo a oeaeii
caiyoi 40 oun. /aeiaae. A eiioea i?ioeiai aaea i?e iniiaaiee oe?iu
aeoeeiia?iue eaieoae AAE ian/eouaae anaai 2 iei. e?ii, a na?aaeeia 70-o
aiaeia ii i?aauoae oaea 500 iei., a iauee iau?i iai?ioa eaieoaea
ninoaaee aieaa 10 ie?ae. e?ii. Ii/oe 90% aeioiaeia iia iieo/aao io naieo
ca?oaaaeiuo i?aaei?eyoee. A? iniiaiua noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe –
noaeioiaenoai, oi?aiaey, i?iiuoeaiiinoue e naeueneia oicyenoai.
2) Ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea yeiiiieee
A nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiii-iiiiiieenoe/aneiai eaieoaeecia ainoaea?noai
iaeaaeaao ioiineoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth.
Iaiaoiaeeii ia?a/eneeoue yoaiu ?acaeoey AIE e nenoaiu
ainoaea?noaaiii-iiiiiieenoe/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey a Aeaiee:
– yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen iinea ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu;
– e?ecen 1929 – 1933 aa. (iniaia oneeaiea ?iee AIE iiae aeeyieai eaeae
Eaeina);
– e?eceniue ia?eiae iaiin?aaenoaaiii iinea aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu;
– eiiaoe 50-o e ia/aei 60-o aiaeia a nayce n i?eniaaeeiaieai Aeaiee e
AANO;
– anooieaiea Aeaiee a AYN a ia/aea 70-o aiaeia.
Iniiaiui nia?aiaiiui iaoiaeii aeieain?i/iiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa a oeaeyo aieaa iioeiaeueiiai
eniieueciaaiey o?oaeiauo e iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia yaeyaony no?oeoo?iay
iieeoeea e ioiineoaeueii iieiaeay ?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea aeaoneiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Iiiyoea “no?oeoo?iia ?aaoee?iaaiea” oa?aeoa?ecoaony eae
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia aiaoaoaeuenoai a i?iecaiaenoaaiioth noa?o, eiaaea
ainoaea?noai auioaeaeaii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue io?anee n ieceie ii?iie
i?eauee, eeai noa?ua, eeai, iaiai?io, iiaua, ?acaeoea eioi?uo naycaii n
?eneii e ia?iiiuie eaieoaeiaeiaeaieyie. Yoi iai?aaeaiea yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee /anoi i?eieiaao oi?io no?oeoo?iiai eee ?aaeiiaeueiiai
“ieaie?iaaiey”, eiaaea oi?ne?oaony ?acaeoea eaeeo-eeai io?aneae
yeiiiieee eee ioaeaeueiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ?aaeiiia.
V. O*ANOEA AeAIEE A CAIAAeIIAA?IIAENEIE EIOAA?AOeEE
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi anooieaiea Aeaiee a Aa?iiaeneee Yeiiiie/aneee
Nithc ai iiiaii iauyniyaony anooieaiey a iaai Aiaeee. Ecaanoii, /oi
iaeua no?aiu n ia?aie/aiiui aioo?aiiei ?uieii a iaeioi?ie noaiaie
caaenaee io aieaa ?acaeouo eaieoaeenoe/aneeo no?ai n aieueoei ?uieii.
Aeey Aeaiee oaeei ?uieii auea Aiaeey. Iiyoiio anooieaiea Aiaeee a AYN
iiaeaeei ca niaie anooieaiea Aeaiee.
Eiie?aoiuie oeaeyie nicaeaiey AYN auee:
( iinoaiaiiia ia?aie/aiea anao ia?aie/aiee a oi?aiaea iaaeaeo no?aiaie –
o/anoieeaie;
( onoaiiaeaiea iauaai oaiiaeaiiiai oa?eoa a oi?aiaea n o?aoueeie
no?aiaie;
( eeeaeaeaoeey ia?aie/aiee aeey naiaiaeiiai ia?aaeaeaeaiey “ethaeae,
eaieoaeia e oneoa”;
( ?ac?aaioea e i?iaaaeaiea iauae iieeoeee a iaeanoe o?ainii?oa e
naeueneioicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe;
( oieoeeaoeey iaeiaiaie nenoaiu;
( nicaeaiea aaethoiiai nithca;
( naeeaeaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoa;
( ?ac?aaioea i?eioeeiia niaeaniaaiey yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee.
E Aeaiee, iinea anooieaiey a AYN, iaiaoiaeeii auei eciaieoue no?oeoo?o
naiae yeiiiieee oaeei ia?acii, /oiau oniaoii ooieoeeiie?iaaoue ia “Iauai
?uiea”.
1) Aicaeaenoaea AYN ia yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea Aeaiee
Niaoeeaeenoaie aieueoia aieiaiea i?e aiaeeca ?acoeueoaoia ia?auo eao
o/anoey Aeaiee a “Iauai ?uiea” oaeaeyaony aii?ino i oii, eaeoth ?ieue a
niaaea iieacaoaeae aeaoneie yeiiiieee a 1973-75 aa. ea?aei anooieaiea
no?aiu a AYN e yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen 1973 a., aeey oiai /oiau auynieoue
i?eniiniaeaiiinoue no?oeoo?u yeiiiieee Aeaiee e no?oeoo?a “Iauaai
?uiea”.
Iniiaiay ianna aeaoneiai ?aai/aai eeanna aeaeaea anooieaiea a AYN a
aeaea ?aceiai iiauoaiey oeai ia i?iaeiaieuenoaea, ouaieaiee i?aa
aeaoneeo i?ionithcia e iioa?y aeinoeaioouo a ?acoeueoaoa ai?ueau
iieeoe/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo i?aa, nie?auaiee caiyoinoe a ?acoeueoaoa
neaaie eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe aeaoneie e?aeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe ia ?uiea
AYN, oneeaiee iiceoeee eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea a no?aia, a oae aea a
iiauoaiee eiieo?aioeee ia ?uiea o?oaea ni noi?iiu aieaa aeao?aie ?aai/ae
neeu no?ai niiauanoaa.
A oeaeii aeaoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai auioaeaeaii auei iiieaoeoueny
eioa?anaie oe?ieeo nei?a o?oaeyueony ca iai?eniiniaeaiiinoue e oneiaeyi
aeaenoaey oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia “Iauaai ?uiea”.
2)Aeeyiea /eainoaa a AYN ia no?oeoo?o i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Aeey eiathueo iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea io?aneae aeaoneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e
yenii?oa (yeaeo?iiiie, oaenoeeueiie, iaoaiie, noaeieueiie e
noaeino?ieoaeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a oae aea i?iecaiaenoaa
oieiaeeeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey) nouanoaiaaea iianiinoue ieacaoueny
iaeiieo?aioiniiniaiuie ia ?uiea AYN aneaaenoaea auno?iai ?inoa
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ecaea?aeae, iniaaiii ia nu?ue?.
Eoiae ia?auo eao o/anoe no?aiu a AYN iiaeoaa?aeeee yoe iianaiey. Ec-ca
no?aieoaeueiiai ?inoa oeai ia nu?ue? e iaoa?eaeu ia ie?iauo ?uieao, a
Aeaiee ia/aeny caiaoiue niaae aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe n na?aaeeiu 1973 a.
Ieacaeinue, /oi no?oeoo?a Aeaiee a oaeeo oneiaeyo ia iiaeoiaeeea
niiauanoao: eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue aeaoneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe auea neaaie,
a naeueneia oicyenoai ?acaeoi a ioaeaeueiuo no?aiao “Iauaai ?uiea” ia
iaiaa neeueii, /ai a Aeaiee.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua e yenii?oiua cao?oaeiaiea eniuouaaee a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue io?anee, iaeaieaa caaeneiua io iinoaaie nu?uey e iaiaa
oe?aieaoeony ia ie?iaii ?uiea (yoi oaenoeeueiay, aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay
e iaaaeueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue, oae aea i?iecaiaenoai no?ieiaoa?eaeia).
Aieueoia aeeyiea a ?acaeoee yeiiiieee ea?ae eiino?aiiue eaieoae. A
Aeaieth eiino?aiiue eaieoae i?eaeaeaee aeaa ianoiyoaeuenoaa: ai-ia?auo,
aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey noaoona no?aiu aeey eueaioiiai auoiaea ia
?uiie AYN; ai-aoi?uo, no?aieaiea auaoeo iniiaiuo oi?aiauo ia?oi??ia
Aeaiee nio?aieoue auaooth no?oeoo?o yeiiiieee a no?aia e oaea?aeaoue
i?aaeiea iiceoeee Aeaiee a ie?iaii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea.
AUAIAe.
Eco/ea ana oaeou iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi yeiiiieea Aeaiee
?acaeaaeanue aanueia oia?aiiuie oaiiaie. I?aaeaea anaai, ii?aaeaao
o?iaaiue ?acaeoey Aeaoneiai oicyenoaa. I?e aiaeeca aeeiaieee ?ino AAI
aeaeii, /oi a eiioea 80-o aiaeia ii ninoaaeye a no?aia 17,8 oun. YETH ia
aeooo iananaiey10, /oi i?aauoaei iieacaoaeue ethaie ec no?ai AYN. Aeaiey
iia?aaeaea ia 7% aeaaea Aa?iaieth ( naiiai iiuiiai o/anoieea niiauanoaa.
Oae aea ia?iiiia aeeyiea ieacaea ieoaaay no?aoaaey yeiiiieee. Iniiaie
yoiai yaeyaony eneeth/eoaeueiue iioaioeeae ?ano?nia, iaoiaeyueeny a
?anii?yaeaiee aeaoneeo oe?i, e aeeooa?aioeeaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa, i?e
o/oaiee ?acee/iuo aeonia iio?aaeoaeae. I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue
oa?iaoeaaoe/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, i?aaei?eieiaoaee eioi?ie, eniieuecoy
iooiaeu iiiai/eneaiiuo neioiaiai, auoee ia ia?aia ianoi a ie?a ii
ecaioiaeaieth aunieiea/anoaaiiiai einoeeia. A caoai, eniieuecoy
aeinoeaeaiey aaiiie eiaeaia?ee, Aeaiey ia?aaaea i?iecaiaenoai einoeeia
ia iiaoth iniiao, /ai cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?eea naith nu?ueaaoth aaco e
oaia?ue iia noaea iainiaeaiiie io ae?oaeo no?ai.
A ieoaaie no?aoaaee aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony aunieiio ea/anoao
i?iaeoeoeee. Iai?eia?, aeaoneay oe?ia “Aaia ia Ieoonai”, eioi?ay
niaoeeaeece?oaony ia auionea aunieiea/anoaaiiie auoiaie yeaeo?iieee.
Oe?ieee ?uiie e ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee iaania/eee oe?ia i?i/iua
eiieo?aioiua iiceoeee ia ie?iaii ?uiea. Oeaia ia a? i?iaeoeoeeth a 3-5
?ac i?aauoaao oeaio ia iau/ioth eiiia?/aneoth i?iaeoeoeeth yiiineeo
oe?i. I?aeiouanoaa eiiiaiee iicaieytho ae caieiaoue aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy
aaaeouaa iieiaeaiea a ie?iaie oi?aiaea e oniaoii ?aaeeciauaaoue naie
oiaa?u. A oi a?aiy eae e?oiiay aa?iaineay eiiiaiey “A?thiaeea”, yiiineea
oe?iu “Ooiae” e “Oa?i” auioneathuea i?iaeoeoeeth noaiaea?oiiai ea/anoaa
ia auaea?aeeaatho eiieo?aioeee ia aeaaioneii ?uiea noaiaea?oiuo oiaa?ia.
Ia?iiiia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony e IEIE?. Ii o?iaith oeiaine?iaaiey iao/iuo
?ac?aaioie Aeaiey aoiaeeo a iyo??eo aaaeoueo ainoaea?noa ie?a. Aeaoneea
eiiiaiee no?aiyony aiaae?eoue iiaoanoaa a naith aeayoaeueiinoue ii ia?a
eo iiyaeaiey, aeaaiaea?y aieueoae aeaeinoe ii n?aaiaieth n aeaaioaie e
aieaa oei?i/aiiiio iooe io i?eiyoey ?aoaiey aei i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie
i?aeoeee, /oi onei?yao inouanoaeaiea ethaiai oaea/iiai i?iaeoa.
Aiai?y ia yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea ioaeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aaaeiaeoei
oaaii a yoii iai?aaeaiee auei anooieaiea Aeaiee a AYN, ia?aua
?acoeueoaou eioi?iai – iiauoaiea i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oeai,
no?aieoaeueiue ?ino aac?aaioeoeu e ae?oaia – noaee i?e/eiie iaino?aiey
o?oaeiauo eiioeeeoia. Yoi iieiaeaiea onoaoaeyeinue oai, /oi Aeaiey,
anooiea a AYN, iioa?yea iaiaa?aiiinoue e aeaeinoue a naiae yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeea.
ss aeoiath, /oi Aeaiey n a? iiuiie no?oeoo?ie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e ?acaeoie
yeiiiieeie a aeeaeaeoai aoaeouai cayaeo i naaa eae iaeei ec iniiaiuo
i?aoaiaeaioia ia eeaea?noai a oaeii yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoii ?aaeiia, eae
Caiaaeiay Aa?iia.
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