Iiaineae?neee Iaaeeoeeineee Einonooo. Eaoaae?a oa?iaeieiaee. 1997 aiae.
?AOA?AO
EIOAEI
Auiieiaii nooaeaioii ea/aaiiai oaeoeueoaoa o?aoueaai eo?na aeaayoie
a?oiiu Aa?anaiei A. A.
IAEAAEAIEA:
1. Iauea naaaeaiey.
2. Oece/aneea naienoaa
3. Neieueei eioaeia niaeapaeeony a pacee/iuo ipiaeoeoao ?
4. I?aaaea ee, /oi a /aa iao eioaeia ? *oi oaeia oaei, oaioeeeei,
oaia?iiei e o.i. ?
5. *oi neo/aaony i?e ia?aaeice?iaea ?
6. Eae eioaei aeeyao ia caeipiauea e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie?
7. I?eno?anoea e oieieaaeo.
8. *oi oaeia neiae?ii ioiaiu eioaeia ?
9. Aeeyao ee oiio?aaeaiea eioaeia aa?aiaiiuie aeaiueiaie ia
aioo?eoo?iaiia ?acaeoea ieiaea ?
10. Caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo oiio?aaeaieai eioa e noeoeeaeaie n?aaee aeaiuei
1. Iauea naaaeaiey.
Eioaei ioiineony e ineoinoeioeyoi?ai. Iie iiauoatho iano?iaiea,
niiniaiinoue e aini?eyoeth aiaoieo ?acae?aaeaiee, ineoiiioi?ioth
aeoeaiinoue. Iie oiaiueoatho /oanoai onoaeinoe, iiauoatho oece/aneoth e
oinoaaiioth ?aaioiniiniaiinoue (iniaaiii i?e ooiieaiee), a?aiaiii
nieaeatho iio?aaiinoue ai nia (n?aaenoaa, acaaae?eaathuea ooiieaiiue
i?aaieci, iieo/eee iacaaiea “aeiieia” io aiaeeeneiai to dope – aeaaaoue
ia?eioeee).
Eioaei – niaaeeiaiea ec a?oiiu iaoeeenaioeiia. Yoi aeeaeieae,
niaea?aeaueeny a eenoueyo /ay (Thea sinensis), a naiaiao eioa (Coffea
arabica), a naiaiao eaeai (Theobroma cacao), a naiaiao eiea (Cola
acuminata) e a ae?oaeo ?anoaieyo. O eioaeia ni/aoathony
ineoinoeioee?othuea e aiaeaioe/aneea naienoaa. Iniaaiii au?aaeaii o iaai
i?yiia aicaoaeaeathuaa aeeyiea ia ei?o aieiaiiai iicaa. Eioaei
noeioee?oao ineoe/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue, iiauoaao oinoaaiioth e
oece/aneoth ?aaioiniiniaiinoue, aeaeaaoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue, oei?a/eaaao
a?aiy ?aaeoeee. Iinea aai i?eaia iiyaeyaony aiae?inoue, a?aiaiii
ono?aiythony eee oiaiueoathony ooiieaiea, niieeainoue.
Aeeyiea ia aunooth ia?aioth aeayoaeueiinoue a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie
caaeneo io aeicu eioaeia e oeia ia?aiie nenoaiu. A iaeuo aeicao o
eioaeia i?aiaeaaeaao noeioee?othuaa aeaenoaea, a aieueoeo – oaiaoathuaa.
I?e yoii neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi aeey neaaiai oeia ia?aiie nenoaiu
yooaeo aicaoaeaeaiey aeinoeaaaony aaaaeaieai iaaieueoeo aeic eioaeia,
oiaaea eae aeey neeueiiai oeia o?aaoaony nouanoaaiii aieueoea aeicu.
Aiaeaioe/aneay aeoeaiinoue naycaia n aeeyieai eioaeia ia oeaio?u
i?iaeieaiaaoiai iicaa. Ii ieacuaaao i?yiia noeioee?othuaa aeaenoaea ia
aeuoaoaeueiue e ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiue oeaio?u. Aicieeaao o/auaiea e
oaeoaeaiea aeuoaiey, /oi iniaaiii io/aoeeai i?iyaeyaony i?e oaiaoaiee
oeaio?a aeuoaiey. E?iia oiai, eioaei aicaoaeaeaao oeaio?u aeoaeaeathuaai
ia?aa. Ia nieiiie iica i?aia?ao aeaenoaoao oieueei a aieueoeo aeicao. Ca
n/ao iaeaa/aiey iaaeiae?iiiie ia?aaea/e aicaoaeaeaiey ii oneeeaaao
nieiiiicaiaua ?aoeaenu.
Cia/eoaeueiia ianoi a oa?iaeiaeeiaieea eioaeia caieiaao aai aeeyiea ia
na?aea/ii-ninoaeenooth nenoaio. Iii neeaaeuaaaony ec ia?eoa?e/aneeo e
oeaio?aeueiuo yooaeoia. Oae, eioaei ieacuaaao i?yiia noeioee?othuaa
aeeyiea ia ieiea?ae. Iaeiaei iaeiia?aiaiii aicaoaeaeathony oeaio?u
aeoaeaeathuaai ia?aa, iiyoiio eiia/iue yooaeo aoaeao caaenaoue io
i?aiaeaaeaiey oiai eee eiiai aeeyiey. Iau/ii eciaiaey a aeayoaeueiinoe
na?aeoea (anee iie aiiaua aicieeatho) iaaaeeee. A aieueoeo aecao eioaei
aucuaaao a?eoiee na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee.
Oeaio?aeueiue e ia?eoa?e/aneee eiiiiiaiou a aeaenoaee eioaeia eiathony a
ioiioaiee ninoaeenoiai oiiona. Noeioee?oy ninoaeiaeaeaaoaeueiue oeaio?,
eioaei iiauoaao oiion ninoaeia, a i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii aeeyiee ia
aeaaeeea iuooeu ninoaeia nieaeaao eo oiion.
Eioaei ieacuaaao iaiaeiicia/iia aeeyiea ia ?aciua ninoaeenoua iaeanoe.
Oae, iai?eia?, ei?iia?iua ninoaeu /aua anaai ?anoe?ythony (iniaaiii,
anee na?aea/iue aua?in oaaee/ai). Aianoa n oai iicaiaua ninoaeu
ianeieueei oiiece?othony. Iineaaeiaa, ii-aeaeeiiio, iauyniyao
aeaaii?eyoiia aeeyiea eioaeia i?e iaa?aie. Eioaei iaeaaeaao oia?aiiui
ieio?iiiui niaciieeoe/aneei aeaenoaeai ia ae?oaea aeaaeeiiuoa/iea i?aaiu
(a?iioe, aeae/iua iooe). Ia neaeaoiua iuooeu eioaei ieacuaaao
noeioee?othuaa aeeyiea (oeaio?aeueiia e i?yiia).
Aua aieaa neiaeii eciaiyaony a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea, oae eae iii
caaeneo io ea?aeeio?iiiuo e ninoaeenouo yooaeoia eioaeia. Iau/ii, anee
enoiaeiia a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea auei ii?iaeueiui, eioaei ia eciaiyao
eee i/aiue iacia/eoaeueii iiauoaao aai; anee i?aia?ao aue aaaaeai ia
oiia aeiioaicee, oi a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea iiauoaaony (ii?iaeecoaony).
Iniiaiie iaiai eioaei iiauoaao. Oaaee/eaaao aeeeiaaiieec, aucuaay
aeia?aeeeaieth. Iiauoaao eeiieec (niaea?aeaiea naiaiaeiuo aee?iuo eeneio
a ieacia e?iae oaaee/eaaaony). A aieueoeo aeicao aucuaaao inaiaiaeaeaiea
aae?aiaeeia ec iicaiaiai neiy iaaeii/a/ieeia.
Iaaethaeaaiua i?e i?eiaiaiee eioaeia oeaio?aeueiue yooaeou, aeeyiea ia
aeaaeeea e iiia?a/iiiieinaoua iuooeu, eciaiaiea iaiaia aauanoa iiiaea
aaoi?u naycuaatho n iaeiieaieai oeeeee/aneiai aaeaiiceiiiiioinoaoa
(oeAIO). I?ienoiaeeo yoi, ii-aeaeeiiio, /anoe/ii a ?acoeueoaoaa
oaiaoaiey oinoiaeeynoa?acu e ia?ooaiey a nayce n yoei i?ioeanna ?aniaaea
oeAIO. Iniaaiii neeueii eiaeae?oao eioaei oinoiaeeynoa?aco iicaa e
na?aeoea. Iaeiaei aeeyiea ia oinoiaeeynoa?aco iaaethaeaaony oieueei i?e
i/aiue aunieeo eiioeaio?aoeeyo eioaeia, i?eauoathueo oa?aiaaoe/aneea. Ca
iineaaeiea aiaeu iaeiieeenue aeaiiue i oii, /oi aieaa aaaeiui
eiiiiiaioii aeaenoaey iaoeeenaioeiia (eioaeia, oaioeeeeia), i/aaeaeii,
yaeyaony eo aioaaiieci n aaeaiiceiii. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi iineaaeiee
iaaethaeaaony i?e oa?aiaaoe/aneeo eiioeaio?aoeeyo iaoeeenaioeiia. A
iieueco yoie oi/ee c?aiey naeaeaoaeuenoaoao e oi, /oi iaoeeenaioeiu e
aaeaiicei aucuaatho i?ioeaiiieiaeii iai?aaeaiiua yooaeou:
Iai?aaeaiiinoue aeaenoaey Iaoeeenaioeiu Aaeaiicei
Oeaio?aeueiay ia?aiay nenoaia Aicaoaeaeaiea Oaiaoaiea
Inaiaiaeaeaiea eaoaoieaieiia Iiauoaaony Iiieaeaaony
*anoioa e neea na?aea/iuo nie?auaiee Oaaee/eaathony Oiaiueoathony
Ii/a/iue e?iaioie e auaeaeaiea ?aieia Oaaee/eaaaony Oiaiueoaaony
Inaiaiaeaeaiea aenoaieia ec oo/iuo eeaoie Oiaiueoaaony Oaaee/eaaaony
Eeiieec a aee?iaie oeaie Iiauoaaony Iiieaeaaony
E?iia oiai, auei iieacaii, /oi ioia/aiiua yooaeou aaeaiiceia
ono?aiythony iaoeeenaioeiaie. I?ienoiaeeo yoi a ?acoeueoaoa oiai, /oi
iaoeeenaioeiu aeiee?otho aaeaiiceiiaua ?aoeaioi?u, yaeyynue
eiieo?aioiuie aioaaiienoaie aaeaiiceia.
Iiae aeeyieai eioaeia iiauoaaony nae?aoeey aeaeac aeaeoaeea, /oi iiaeao
auoue eniieueciaaii n aeeaaiinoe/aneie oeaeueth. I?eiaiaiea eioaeia i?e
iaoaeiaee aeaeoaeea (aano?eo, ycaaiiay aieaciue, iiooiee) iiiiaaao
ioaeeooa?aioee?iaaoue ooieoeeiiaeueiua ia?ooaiey io i?aaie/aneeo.
A iaaieueoie noaiaie eioaei iiauoaao aeeo?ac, /oi naycaii n oaiaoaieai
i?ioeanna ?aaani?aoeee a ii/a/iuo eaiaeueoeao eiiia iao?ey e aiaeu.
E?iia oiai, eioaei ?anoe?yao ninoaeu ii/ae e oaaee/eaaao oeeueo?aoeeth a
ii/a/iuo eeoai/eao. Eioaei e iniaaiii aai aiaei?anoai?eiua niee oi?ioi
ananuaathony ec eeoa/ieea (a oii /enea ec oienoiai). Iniiaiay /anoue
iiaeaa?aaaony aeio?ainoi?iaoeee (aeaiaoeee?oaony, ieeneyaony). Ieiei 10%
eioaeia auaeaeyaony ii/eaie a iaeciaiiii aeaea.
I?e aeeeoaeueiii i?eiaiaiee eioaeia ?acaeaaaony iaeiau?aaeaiiia
i?eaueaiea. Aiciiaeii aicieeiiaaiea ineoe/aneie caaeneiinoe (oaeci).
I?eiaiytho eioaei aeey noeioeyoeee ineoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e
ooiieaiee, iea?aiyo, aeiioaicee. Ii aoiaeeo a ninoaa iiiaeo
eiiaeie?iaaiiuo i?aia?aoia a ni/aoaiee n iaia?eioe/aneeie aiaeueaaoeeaie
(oaaeaoee “Oeeo?aiii”, “Ie?aiaei” e ae?.) e n aeeaeieaeaie nii?uiuee
(oaaeaoee “Eioaoaiei”).
Iiai/iua yooaeou i?iyaeythony a aeaea oioiiou, ?aiou, aaniieienoaa,
aanniiieoeu, oaoeea?aeee, na?aea/iuo a?eoiee.
Eioaei i?ioeaiiieacai i?e au?aaeaiiie a?oa?eaeueiie aeia?oaicee,
aoa?ineea?ica, ia?ooaiee nia, aeaoeiia.
2. Oece/aneea naienoaa
Aaeniaiiaeueiua i?eciu (iinea noaeeiaoeee), oiieea eaeu, niaea?aeeo 8.5%
H2O. Auaao?eaaaony ia aiaeooa. Iieiay aeaaeae?aoaoeey i?ienoiaeeo i?e
80C, t ieaae. 238C, noaeeie?oaony i?e 178C. Auno?ay noaeeiaoeey
i?ienoiaeeo i?e 160-165C iiae aeaaeaieai 1 ii. ?o. no. ia ?annoiyiee
5ii. d=1.23. Kb i?e 19C 0.7E-14. Ka i?e 25C 1.0E-14. pH 1% ?anoai?a 6.9.
Aiaeiua ?anoai?u nieae eioaeia auno?i aeennioeee?otho. Niaeo?u
iiaeiuaiey: Hartley, J. Chem. Soc. 87, 1802 (1905). Iaeei a?aii
?anoai?yaony a 46ml aiaeu, 5.5ml aiaeu i?e 80C, 1.5ml eeiyuae aiaeu;
66ml nie?oa, 22ml nie?oa i?e 60C; 50ml aoeaoiia; 5.5ml oei?ioi?ia; 530ml
aeeyoe?iaiai yoe?a; 100ml aaiciea, 22ml eeiyuaai aaiciea. Naiaiaeii
?anoai?yaony a ie??iea; a oao?aaeae?ioo?aia, niaea?aeauai ieiei 4%
aiaeu; ?anoai?yaony a yoeeaoeaoaoa; iaaeeaiii ?ano. a iao?ieaeiii yoe?a.
?anoai?eiinoue a aiaea oaaee/eaaaony i?e aeiaaaeaiee aaiciaoia,
oeeiiaiaoia, oeeo?aoia eee naeeoeeeaoia uaei/iuo iaoaeeia.
3. Neieueei eioaeia niaeapaeeony a pacee/iuo ipiaeoeoao ?
Ii aeaiiui Aiapeeaineie Haoeeiiaeueiie Annioeeaoeee I?iecaiaeeoaeae
Aacaeeiaieueiuo Haieoeia, a aaiea aace?iaee (~340ml) niaea?aeeony
neaaeothuaa eiee/anoai eioaeia (a ieeeeapaiiao):
Jolt 100.0
Sugar-Free Mr. Pibb 58.8
Mountain Dew 54.0
Mello Yellow 52.8
Tab 46.8
Coca-Cola 45.6
Diet Cola 45.6
Shasta Cola 44.4
Shasta Cherry Cola 44.4
Shasta Diet Cola 44.4
Mr. Pibb 40.8
Dr. Pepper 39.6
Pepsi Cola 38.4
Aspen 36.0
Diet Pepsi 36.0
RC Cola 36.0
Diet RC 36.0
Diet Rite 36.0
Canada Dry Cola 30.0
Canada Dry Diet Cola 01.2
7 Up 0
Canada Mountain Dew 0
Aeey n?aaiaiey, a ~200ml /aoea eioa, ii aeaiiui Bunker and McWilliams in
“J Am Diet” 74:28-32, 1979:
Aeae eioa: Mg eioaeia:
Ii aa?iiaenee 115-175
Yeni?anni 400 (100mg ia 1 ii?oeeth a
1.5..2oz)
*a?iue 80-135
?anoai?eiue 65-100
*a?iue, aeaeioaeiece?iaaiiue 3-4
?anoai?eiue, aeaeioaeiece?iaaiiue 2-3
Oi aea aeey /ay:
Oieiaeiue 70
*a?iue 60
*a?iue, U.S. 40
?anoai?eiue 30
Ioeeiiaiey a eiee/anoaa eioaeia ia 1 /aoeo eioa eee /ay i/aiue aaeeee,
aeaaea anee iaieoie aioiaeony iaeiei e oai aea /aeiaaeii, n iaeeiaeiaui
iai?oaeiaaieai, ?aoeaioii, eiiiiiaioaie, aeaiue ca aeiai.
I?iaeoeo: aan
mg eioaeia
Oieieaae “Aaeea?n”, ianeaaeeee 28g 25
oi aea, iaiaoeeee neaaeeee ”
8
oi aea, iieoneaaeeee ”
13
Oieieaaeiua /einu “Aaeea?n” 1/4 /aoee/43g 13
oi aea, iaiaoeeea neaaeeea ”
15
Oieieaae n iaiieieoaeai 28g 15
Iieiei n oieieaaeii ~225g 8
3 /aeiuo eiaeee (“n aa?oii”)
oieieaaeiiai ii?ioea 8
2 noi?iauo eiaeee oieieaaeiiai ne?iia 5
1 oiaeiaea (ii?oeey) eaeai 5
Aua eia-/oi: aoa?aiiaue eieoaeeue “Magic Power”/”Aieoaaiay Neea”
(aanueia ?ani?ino?aiai a Aa?iaiee), niaea?aeeo: 15ml aeeiaiey e 5g naiyi
aoa?aiu (250.0 mg eioaeia, i?aaeiieaaay 5% niaea?aeaiea aai a naiaiao,
eae ooaa?aeaeaaony a eeoa?aoo?a). Aoa?aiiaay eainoea (500mg naiyi) –
25mg eioaeia (Aoa?aia- yoi opiie/aneia ?anoaiea ec Apaceeee). Aoa?aiiaay
aace?iaea iianaianoii ?ani?ino?aiaia a A?aceeee e /anoi i?iaeaaony a
ianoiuo o?iie/aneeo eaaeao. Iia aeonia e ieacuaaao oaea?iia
aicaeaenoaea. Aaa?aia noeioee?oao n aaoaiie neeie, ii ia aucuaaao
neiioiiia ia?aaeice?iaee.
I/aaeaeii, e?iia eioaeia iia niaea?aeeo aua eaeea-oi aeoeaiua aauanoaa,
iioiio /oi “aeon” aa ae?oaie. Oi aea naiia iiaeii neacaoue i?i iaoa.
Noiia?iua aeaiiua ii niaea?aeaieth eioaeia:
*aoea eioa 90-150mg
?anoai?eiue eioa 60-80mg
*ae 30-70mg
Eiea 30-50mg
Oieieaaeea 20- 50mg
Ieethey “Stay-awake” 100mg
Oaaeaoea “Vivarin” 200mg
Oaaeaoea “Cold relief” 30mg
Nooie /a?iue /ae 2-3%
Nooie caeaiue /ae 3-4%
AEa?aiua ca?ia eioa 2-2.5%
Caeaiua ca?ia eioa 3-4%
4. I?aaaea ee, /oi a /aa iao eioaeia ? *oi oaeia oaei, oaioeeeei,
oaia?iiei e o.i. ?
Eioaei eiiaaea iacuatho “oaei” eiaaea ii iaoiaeeony a /aa (tea).
Eiaaea-oi n/eoaeinue, /oi /ae e eioa niaea?aeao ?acee/iua noeioee?othuea
aauanoaa (/oi a eaeie-oi noaiaie aa?ii). A eioa niaea?aeaony oieueei
neaaeiaua eiee/anoaa oaioeeeeia e nianai iao oaia?iieia, a oi a?aiy eae
a /aa yoe noeioeyoi?u i?enoonoaotho a caiaoiuo eiee/anoaao.
Oaei: 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
Oaioeeeei: 1,3-dimethylxanthine
Oaia?iiei: 3,7-dimethylxanthine
Eioaei e oaioeeeei- iaoeee?iaaiiua i?iecaiaeiua io?eia, eiaeae?othuea
oinoiaeeyona?aco oeAIO (oeeeee/aneiai aaeaiiceiiiiioinoaoa) e
caueuathuea oeAIO io ?ac?ooaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, noeioee?othuee yooaeo
ai?iiiia, eniieuecothueo oeAIO a ea/anoaa aioo?eeeaoi/iiai neaiaea (yoi
aae?aiaeei, aenoaiei e iiiaea ae?oaea), oneeeaaaony e i?iaeeaaaaony.
Oaia?iiei i?aeoe/anee iaaeoeaai eae noeioeyoi?, ii aeaenoaoao
i?eaeeceoaeueii a 10 ?ac neaaaa eioaeia. Oaioeeeei ii n?aaiaieth n
eioaeiii ianeieueei aieaa oiene/ai e ianeieueei iaiaa aeoeaai eae
noeioeyoi? OeHN, ii iaaeaeo ieie aieueoa noiaenoaa, /ai ?acee/ey.
Oaioeeeei aieaa aeoeaai eae aeeo?aoee (oaaee/eaaao ii/aioaeaeaiea),
aieaa oiene/ai e aeaenoaoao iaaeeaiaa. Oaia?iiei niaea?aeeony a eaeai,
/aa (i/aiue iaiiiai) e i?aoao eiea. A eaeai aai niaea?aeeony
i?eaeeceoaeueii a naiue ?ac aieueoa eioaeia e eiaiii ii aeaeaao eaeai
“noeioeyoi?ii”.
Oaioeeeei ieacuaaao neeueiia aeaenoaea ia na?aeoea e a?iioe e /anoi
eniieuecoaony aeey ea/aiey a?iioeaeueiie anoiu, yioecaiu e ae?oaeo
eaai/iuo caaieaaaiee.
5. *oi neo/aaony i?e ia?aaeice?iaea ?
Eioieneeaoeey eioaeiii – neiioiiu:
•Haaeaaiee i?eai eioaeia, iau/ii a aeica aieaa 250mg;
•Ii e?aeiae ia?a iyoue ec neaaeothueo neiioiiia:
•aaniieienoai;
•ia?aiciinoue;
•?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue;
•aanniieoea;
•iie?aniaiea eeoea;
•iiauoaiiue aeeo?ac;
•?anno?ienoai ieuaaa?aiey;
•iuoaeiua iiaea?aeaaiey;
•oaoeea?aeey (o/auaiiia na?aeoeaaeaiea) eee na?aea/iay a?eoiey;
•ia?eiaeu iaooiieyaiinoe
•ineoiiioi?iia aicaoaeaeaiea;
•I?e ionoonoaee ae?oaeo ineoe/aneeo caaieaaaiee ni noiaeeie yooaeoaie.
(eae Anxiety Disorder.)
A i?eioeeia, ia?aaeice?iaea eioaeia iiaeao auoue e?aeia iai?eyoiie, ii
iau/ii ia aucuaaao iaia?aoeiuo eciaiaiee. Iaeiaei, eiiaaea ethaee
“oie?atho” io ia?aaeice?iaee.
Coiia?iua oieneeieiae/aneea aeaiiua:
Oiene/aneay aeica: Iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiay eaoaeueiay aeica ninoaaeyao 10g,
oioy ecaanoai iaeei aeieoiaioe?iaaiiue neo/ae auaeeaaiey iinea
eiueaeoeee 24g. O iaeaiueeeo aeaoae i?eai aioo?ue 35mg/kg iiaeao
aucaaoue eioieneeaoeeth n?aaeiae oyaeanoe. Aeaoe iaoaaieece?otho eioaei
i/aiue iaaeeaiii. Aeey ieo oaeaea iianai oaioeeeei, eioipue iiaeao
niaeapaeaoueny a ipaiapaoao io apiioeaeueiie anoiu.
Neiioiiu:
A. Ino?ia io?aaeaiea eioaeiii aeaao ?aiiea neiioiiu aii?aenee
(ionoonoaea aiiaoeoa), o?aii?a (ae?iaeaiea, a o./. iaeueoeaa ?oe) e
aaniieienoaa. Caoai neaaeoao oioiioa, oaoeea?aeey, aeia?oiiey e
niooaiiinoue niciaiey. Neeueiay eioieneeaoeey iiaeao aucaaoue aeaee?ee
(“a. ai?y/ea”), noaei?iae, iaaeaeaeoaei/eiaoth e aeaeoaei/eiaua
oaoa?eoiee, aeiieaeeaieth e aeia?aeeeaieth.
A. O?iie/aneee i?eai aunieeo aeic eioaeia iiaeao i?eaanoe e ia?aiciinoe,
?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoe, aiaaeeainoe, iinoiyiiiio o?aii?o, iuoa/iui
iiaea?aeaaieyi, aanniieoea e aeia??aoeaenee (hyperreflexia).
I?e oanoe?iaaiee e?iae:
Eiioeaio?aoeee 1..10mg/l ii?iaeueiu aeey iuethueo eioa. Eiioeaio?aoeey
80mg/l ianiaianoeia n aeeciueth.
OA?AIEss:
A. HAIOEIAEHUA IA?II?EssOEss.
1. Iaania/eoue aeinooi aicaeooa e iaeaa/eoue aaioeeyoeeth (ni. App. A)
2. Eoie?iaaoue noaei?iae e ia?ooaiey AAe, anee iie anoue. I?e
ionoonoaee iaaaeeeaiaioia iiaeii i?eiaieoue aeeiaieue a aeica ieiei 50ml
a ia?an/aoa ia /enoue nie?o.
3. Aeiieaeeaiey iau/ii i?ioiaeeo naia.
4. Hai?a?uaiia iaaethaeaiea.
B. NIAOeEOE*ANEEA EAEA?NOAA E AHOEAeIOU.
Aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u yooaeoeaiii?aaeoi?aaeaeatho ea?aeeioiene/aneia
aeaenoaea eioaeia, aucaaiiia /a?acia?iie aae?aiinoeioeyoeeae e
ii?iaeecotho a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea. ?aeiiaiaeoaony a/a i?eiaiaiea
i?iiaiieiea, .01..0.02mg/kg, eee yniiaeiea, .05 mg/kg, iiae eiio?ieai
*NN e AAe. Yniiaeie i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa, o.e. eiaao ei?ioeee ia?eiae
iieo?aniaaea e aai eaaei eiio?iee?iaaoue.
C. AeACEHOIENEEAOeEss.
1. Aucaaoue ?aioo eee naeaeaoue i?iiuaaiea aeaeoaeea.
2. I?eiaieoue aeoeae?iaaiiue oaieue e iaaieaeeaathuea.
3. Anee ioieou 1 e 2 auiieiaiu aeinoaoi/ii auno?i (i?eaeeceoaeueii a
oa/aiee /ana n iiiaioa io?aaeaiey), neaaeoaeueiua iacia/aoue ia ioaeii.
App. A. Iaania/aiea naiaiaeiiai aeuoaiey.
Yoo iia?aoeeth ioaeii aeaeaoue, anee iaoeeaio iaoiaeeony a
aanniciaoaeueiii ninoiyiee eee a caooiaiaiiii niciaiee.
1. Anee iao iiaeic?aiee ia ?aiaiea oae, iieiaeeoue iaoeeaioa ia nieio,
ioeeiooue aieiao iacaae e auoyiooue ia?aaeithth /anoue oae.
2. I?eiaieoue “Haaeei ia /aethnoue”, /oiau oa?aoue ycue ia naeaay oae:
iiianoeoue iaeueoeu iaaeo ?oe ia caaeiea noi?iiu /aethnoe e iioyiooue
aia?aae, auaeaeaay iiaeai?iaeie. Yoa iia?aoeey i?e/eiyao iaoeeaioo
aieue, iicaieyy aai ioeaieoue noaiaiue eiiu 🙂
3. Haeeiieoue aieiao ia noi?iio, iicaieyy auoa/ue ?aioa e i?i/ae
nethia.
Ec ianoaeaeaiey a alt.drugs.caffeine:
Oiene/aneay aeica neeueii eiaeeaeaeoaeueia e i?aaeaea anaai caaeneo io
i?eia?aoaiiie oiea?aioiinoe (oi anoue auniea aeey ethaeae,
oiio?aaeythueo iiiai eioa eee eioaeia). Haneieueei /aeiaae niiauaee, /oi
ipeiyee 10..13 Vivarin’ia (2..2.5g) e ieacaeenue a aieueieoea, aaea
iineaaeiaaei i?iiuaaiea aeaeoaeea, eaiaeueieoeu e o.i., a oi a?aiy eae
ae?oaea aiai?yo, /oi iinea oaeie aeicu ei i?inoi ia oi/aony niaoue.
Ii e?aeiae ia?a aeaia niiauatho i neiioiia, ionoonoaothuee a o/aaieeao:
iieiay ianiiniaiinoue aeaeaaoueny, aiai?eoue e aeaaea ii?aiooue.
A oeaeii, ia?iae iienuaaao iuouaiey i?e ia?aaeice?iaea eae e?aeia
iai?eyoiua, aeaaea aeey oao, eoi oi?ioi ciaeii n eioaeiiauie aieiaiuie
aieyie e oeeii.
6. Eae eioaei aeeyao ia caeipiauea e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie ?
“Oe?ieiianooaaiia enneaaeiaaiea iaia?oaeeei iaiueoaa eiee/anoai
naiioaeenoa n?aaee iuethueo eioa, ii n?aaiaieth n oaie, eoi
aicaea?aeeaaaony io iaai. Ianeaaeiaaiea ii/oe 130 ouny/ aeeoaeae
Naaa?iie Eaeeoi?iee e caienae ii 4,5 ouny/ai oia?oeo ia auyaeei ieeaeie
ae?oaie nayce iaaeaeo eioa, /aai e nia?oiinoueth.”
Ea?aeeieia A?oo? Eeioneee ?anneacae ia oaeeaeoaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoao: “Yoi
ia caaeoaeaeaiea, oae eae iaoa enneaaeiaaiea auei i/aiue oe?ieei,
aeeth/athuei iiiai?aniaoth iiioeyoeeth, e iiae?iaii ?anniao?eaathuei
iiiai/en/aiiua oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia nia?oiinoue, oaeea eae iio?aaeaiea
aeeiaiey e eo?aiea.’ Ha auei iaeaeaii ieeaeie nayce iaaeaeo iio?aaeaieai
eioa e ?eneii nia?oe. Auea onoaiiaeaia “neaaay” ei??aeyoeey iaaeaeo
aaeaaeiaaiui oiio?aaeaieai eioa eee /ay e ?eneii na?aea/iiai i?enooia –
ii ieeaeie nayce n ae?oaeie na?aea/ii-ninoaeenouie caaieaaaieyie,
iai?eia?, aeia?oiieae eee eioa?eoii.”
Enneaaeiaaiea auei i?iaaaeaii i?aaiecaoeeae i?ioeeaeoeee caaieaaaiee
“Kaiser Permanente”.
7. I?eno?anoea e oieieaaeo.
Oieieaae – yoi neeueiue ia?eioee. Ae?aaiea ianiia?eeaioeu ia?auie
iaia?oaeeee noeioee?othuea naienoaa oieieaaea e iiyoiio n/eoaee aai
aiaeueei aea?ii.
Aaeeeee iaoo?aeeno Eeiaaon iniciaaae yoio oaeo, eiaaea aeaaae
oieieaaeiiio aea?aao aai ioeoeeaeueiia aioaie/aneia iacaaiea, Oaa?iia –
eaeai. Oaa?iia ii a?a/anee icia/aao “ieua aiaia”.
Ae?aaiea aoeoaee, eioi?ua eniieueciaaee oieieaae caaeieai aei aoi?aeaiey
eniaineeo eieiiecaoi?ia, n/eoaee aai ao?iaeeceaeii (aauanoaii
iiauoathuei naenoaeueioth yia?aeth) e noeioee?othuai aeooiaiia ?acaeoea
aauanoaii.
Ii i?e/eia, eioi?oth ieeoi e ieeiaaea ia enneaaeiaae, oieieaae ieacuaaao
iaiiiai aieaa neeueiia aeeyiea ia aeaiuei, /ai ia ioae/ei. Oieieaae
niaea?aeeo ia oieueei oaia?iiei – ia?eioee i/aiue iioiaeee ia eioaei, ii
oaeaea aauanoaa ieacuaathuea aeeyiea ia aeaineoth ai?iiiaeueioth
nae?aoeeth.
I/aiue iiiaea aeaiueiu eniuouaatho ino?oth iio?aaiinoue a oieieaaea
ia?aae ia/aeii iaino?oaoeee.
Oieieaaeiua no?aaeaiey oa?aeoa?iu oaeaea aeey aeaiuei eeeiaeoa?e/aneiai
aic?anoa, oiio?aaeythueo ai?iiiaeueiua i?aia?aou, noeioee?othuea
nae?aoeeth aeaineeo iieiauo ai?iiiia. I?eiyoue aieueoeie aeicaie
oieieaae ?acei iiauoaao iano?iaiea.
Iieiia eneeth/aiea oieieaaea ec aeeaou iiaeao i?eaanoe e oa?aeoa?iui
neiioiiai ia?eiaea ioaueaiey io ia?eioe/aneeo i?aia?aoia. Anee au oioeoa
ecaaaeoueny io i?eno?anoey e oieieaaeo, /oi yaeyaony i/aiue oi?ioae
eaeaae, oaaeaoee iaaiaceoia 300 ieeeea?aii 2 ?aca a aeaiue, iiiiaoo aai
ni?aaeoueny n yoie caaea/ae.
Oieieaae niaea?aeeo aieueoia eiee/anoai aee?a e naoa?a, /oi oaaee/eaaao
aai iaaaoeaiua naienoaa. Caiaia oieieaaea /enoui ii?ioeii eaeai iicaieeo
aai ianeaaeaeaoueny aai aeonii e caiaoii aac ceioiio?aaeaiey eceeoieie
eaei?eyie.
8. *oi oaeia neiae?ii ioiaiu eioaeia ?
Aicieeaao o eeoe, i?eaueoeo aaeaaeiaaii oiio?aaeyoue eioa eee ae?oaie
iaieoie, niaea?aeauee eioaei. Anee ii eaeei-oi i?e/eiai /aeiaae ia
iieo/aao aeicu yoiai ia?eioe/aneiai aauanoaa, i?ienoiaeeo ?anoe?aiea
e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia aieiau e aicieeaao aieiaiay aieue.
9. Aeeyao ee oiio?aaeaiea eioaeia aa?aiaiiuie aeaiueiaie ia
aioo?eoo?iaiia ?acaeoea ieiaea ?
Aaoi?u ioaeeeaoeee eco/eee caaeneiinoue aioo?eoo?iaiiai ?inoa ieiaea io
eiioeaio?aoeee eioaeia a e?iae aa?aiaiiuo aeaiuei, a oaeaea io o?iaiy
iio?aaeaiey eioaeiniaea?aeaueo iaieoeia e eo?aiey.
A oiaea iiioeyoeeiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey auee ii?ioaiu aeaiueiu, eioi?ua
ia?aoeeenue a 1982 – 1984 aa. a iaeio ec eiiaeiineeo eeeiee a nayce n
aa?aiaiiinoueth. 93% ec 1800 aeaiuei, acyouo a yoio ia?eiae iiae
aeooa?neia iaaethaeaiea, niaeaneeenue o/anoaiaaoue a enneaaeiaaiee e
auee ii?ioaiu ia i?aaeiao oiio?aaeaiey eioaeiniaea?aeaueo iaieoeia e
eo?aiey. O 640 aeaiuei o?e ?aca a?aee e?iaue ia ?aciuo n?ieao
aa?aiaiiinoe: i?e ia?aii ia?auaiee (a n?aaeiai ia n?iea 14 iaae), a
oaeaea a 28 e 36 iaae. Ianno ?aaaiea i?e ?iaeaeaiee ioeaieaaee n o/aoii
aic?anoa ianooieaiey aa?aiaiiinoe, ?inoa aeaiueiu, eiee/anoaa o iaa
?iaeia a i?ioeii e iiea ?aaaiea.
Oiio?aaeaiea eioaeia ii?aaeaeyee ii eiee/anoao auieouo
eioaeiniaea?aeaueo iaieoeia a oa/aiea iaaeaee, i?aaeoanoaothuae ii?ino,
ec ?an/aoa, /oi a iaeiie /aoea /ay niaea?aeeony 70 ia eioaeia, a /aoea
eioa – 92 ia, a ii?oeee eaeai – 5 ia, a a ii?oeee eiea-eieu – 40 ia.
Iio?aaeaiea eioaeia (ia/iaae) e aai eiioeaio?aoeey a e?iae (ia/e) o 640
aeaiuei a ?aciua n?iee aa?aiaiiinoe
N?ie aa?aiaiiinoe N?aaeiyy eiioeaio?aoeey eioaeia a e?iae N?aaeiaa
iio?aaeaiea eioaeia
I?e ia?aii ia?auaiee (a n?aaeiai 14 iaae) 2,35 2323
28 iaae 3,20 2605
36 iaae 4,12 2427
?acoeueoaou e ianoaeaeaiea. Eae ieacaeinue, iio?aaeaiea eioaeia a
oa/aiea aa?aiaiiinoe ia eciaiyeinue, a oi a?aiy eae aai eiioeaio?aoeey a
e?iae ?inea, iiauoaynue e 36 iaae ia 75% (ni. oaaeeoeo). Eo?yuea
aeaiueiu oiio?aaeyee ia 50% eioaeia aieueoa, /ai iaeo?yuea, iaeiaei
eiioeaio?aoeey eioaeia a e?iae o ieo auea cia/eoaeueii ieaea.
Auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi a oeaeii iieacaoaee iannu ?aaaiea auee ieaea ia
oiia aieaa aunieiai iio?aaeaiey eioaeia, iaeiaei yoa ia?aoii
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiay caaeneiinoue iaaethaeaeanue eeoue o eo?yueo. N
ae?oaie noi?iiu, ia auei iaia?oaeaii acaeiinayce iaaeaeo iannie ?aaaiea
i?e ?iaeaeaiee e eiioeaio?aoeeae eioaeia a e?iae aeaiuei a oa/aiea
aa?aiaiiinoe. Aaoi?u ioaeeeaoeee ioia/atho, /oi yoi i?ioeai?a/eo
aeaiiui, ?aiaa iioaeeeiaaiiui eie naieie, a oaeaea ae?oaeie
enneaaeiaaoaeyie. Eeth/ii e iiieiaieth yoeo i?ioeai?a/ee, ianiiiaiii,
yaeyaony i?eciaiea oiai, /oi ia eiioeaio?aoeeth eioaeia a e?iae aeeyao
ia oieueei aai iio?aaeaiea, ii e ae?oaea oaeoi?u. Oae, a aieaa ?aiieo
?aaioao, iinayuaiiuo aioo?eoo?iaiiio ?acaeoeth ieiaea, iaaeinoaoi/ii
iieii o/eouaaeanue ?ieue eo?aiey. Aiciiaeii, /oi, ianiio?y ia aieaa
aeoeaiue iaoaaieeci eioaeia o eo?yueo, a?aaeiia aeeyiea ia ?ino ieiaea
iiaeao ieacuaaoue ia eiioeaio?aoeey naiiai eioaeia, a aunieia
niaea?aeaiea a e?iae iaoa?e eaeiai-eeai ec aai iaoaaieeoia. E?iia oiai,
nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey iiaei ieacaoue e oi,
/oi, eae ecaanoii, eioaei i/aiue iaaeeaiii ananuaaaony a i?aaieci
ieiaea, a aai eiioeaio?aoeey a e?iae aa?aiaiiie aeaiueiu e aa aoaeouaai
?aaaiea ?acee/iu.
Auaiaeu. A ?aaioa ia auei iieo/aii aeaiiuo i oii, /oi aioo?eoo?iaiue
?ino ieiaea caaeneo io eiioeaio?aoeee eioaeia a e?iae iaoa?e, iaeiaei,
eae n/eoatho aaoi?u, o/eouaay oe?ieia iio?aaeaiea eioaeiniaea?aeaueo
iaieoeia, iaiaoiaeeii iiiieoue neaaeothuaa:
•iaoaaieeci eioaeia neeueii caiaaeeyaony a oa/aiea aa?aiaiiinoe, /oi
aaaeao e cia/eoaeueiiio iiauoaieth aai eiioeaio?aoeee a e?iae aeaaea a
oii neo/aa, anee ia i?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiey iio?aaeaiey
eioaeiniaea?aeaueo iaieoeia; •ianiio?y ia oi /oi eo?yuea aeaiueiu
oiio?aaeytho eioaeia ia 50% aieueoa, /ai iaeo?yuea, aai eiioeaio?aoeey a
e?iae ieaea ca n/ao onei?aiiiai iaoaaieecia. Oaeei ia?acii, anee
aa?aiaiiay aeaiueia a?ineo eo?eoue, yoi iiaeao i?eaanoe e au?aaeaiiiio
iiauoaieth eiioeaio?aoeee eioaeia a e?iae a oii neo/aa, anee
eioaeiniaea?aeauea iaieoee aoaeoo oiio?aaeyoueny a i?aaeiai eiee/anoaa.
A nayce n yoei aaoi?u ioaeeeaoeee niaaootho anai aa?aiaiiui aeaiueiai,
a?inathuei eo?eoue, iaeiia?aiaiii oiaiueoeoue iio?aaeaiea eioaeia.
10. Caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo oiio?aaeaieai eioa e noeoeeaeaie n?aaee aeaiuei
Iaeaieaa oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiia ineoiaeoeaiia aauanoai eioaei, /aua
anaai (75%) oiio?aaeyaiia n eioa, aeaenoaoao eae noeioeyoi?
oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie nenoaiu. Aeica, niaea?aeauayny a aeaoo /aoeao
eioa, oeo/oaao ineoiiioi?eeo, iano?iaiea, naii/oanoaea e oneeeaaao
aanniiieoeo aac iuouaiey onoaeinoe.
Iie?aynue ia yoe aeaiiua, aaoi?u iiiuoaeenue eco/eoue ei??aeyoeeth
iaaeaeo oiio?aaeaieai eioa, a oaeaea eioaeia e ?eneii noeoeeaea. A nayce
n yoei a NOA auei i?iaaaeaii 10-eaoiaa (1980 – 1990 aa.) eco/aiea
eiai?ou ec 86 625 iaaenanoa?, /ae aic?ano a 1980 a. ninoaaeye 34 – 59
eao, o eioi?uo ia auei eoaie/aneie aieacie na?aeoea, oaea?a eee ?aea.
Eioi?iaoeeth ia oiio?aaeaiee eie eioa e eioaeia iieo/aee iin?aaenoaii
niaoeeaeueiie aieaou, niaea?aeauae 61 aii?in ioiineoaeueii oiio?aaeaiey
ieuaauo i?iaeoeoia e iaieoeia, n?aaeiae /anoiou oiio?aaeaiey eaaeaeiai
aeaea ieue eee iaieoea ia i?ioyaeaiee i?aaeoanoaothuaai aiaea. A ?aieao
yoiai enneaaeiaaiey auea ii?aaeaeaia neaaeothuay a?aaeaoeey /anoiou
oiio?aaeaiey eioa: ii/oe ieeiaaea; io 1 – 3 /aoae a ianyoe aei 2 – 4
/aoae a iaaeaeth; io 5 – 6 /aoae a iaaeaeth aei 1 /aoee a aeaiue; 2 – 3
/aoee a aeaiue; 4 – 6 /aoae a aeaiue e aieaa 6 /aoae a aeaiue. Niaeanii
aeaiiui Ieienoa?noaa naeueneiai oicyenoaa NOA i ninoaaa ieuaauo
i?iaeoeoia, a /aoea eioa niaea?aeeony 137 ia eioaeia, a /aoea /ay – 47
ia, a aooueea iaieoea ia iniiaa eieu – 46 ia e a oieieaaeiie eiioaoa – 7
ia. Iauaa iio?aaeaiea eioaeia auei ?ann/eoaii iooai noiie?iaaiey
niaea?aeaiey aai a caaeaiiie ii?oeee eaaeaeiai ieuaaiai i?iaeoeoa,
oiiiaeaiiiai ia ianno, i?iii?oeeiiaeueioth /anoioa aai oiio?aaeaiey.
Neo/ae naiioaeenoaa auyaeyee iin?aaenoaii i?iniio?a naeaeaoaeuenoa i
nia?oe.
Ia 832 704 /aeiaaei-eao iaaethaeaiey i?eoeinue 56 neo/aaa naiioaeenoaa.
?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi o ethaeae, iuethueo eioa, ?ene
naiioaeenoaa ieaea, /ai o oao, eoi aai ia iueao. N oaaee/aieai aeicu
eioa ?ene aua aieaa oiaiueoaaony. Ii n?aaiaieth n oaie, eoi ia
oiio?aaeye eioa, ioiineoaeueiue ?ene naiioaeenoaa n?aaee aeaiuei,
auieaaaoeo ii 2 – 3 /aoee eioa a aeaiue, ninoaaee 0,34, a n?aaee
aeaiuei, auieaaaoeo 4 /aoee a aeaiue e aieaa, – 0,42. Yoa oaiaeaioeey
inoaeanue iaeciaiiie iinea aianaiey iii?aaie ia iiiaea oaeoi?u,
iioaioeeaeueii nicaeathuea iiiaoe, aeeth/ay eo?aiea, oiio?aaeaiea
aeeiaiey, eniieueciaaiea eaea?noa, naiaeiia iieiaeaiea e no?annu.
Auea auyaeaia ?acei au?aaeaiiay ia?aoii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiay caaeneiinoue
iaaeaeo oiio?aaeaieai eioaeia ec anao aai enoi/ieeia e ?eneii
naiioaeenoaa. Ieacaeinue, /oi aeey aeaiuei, oiio?aaeythueo eioa,
oa?aeoa?iu aieaa aunieea ii?iae no?anna, n?aaee ieo iaiueoa neo/aaa
aeia?oaicee, aeeaaaoa e aeia?oieanoa?eiaiee, iie a iaiueoae noaiaie
neeiiiu i?eieiaoue oaeea i?aia?aou, eae oeeiaoeaeei, aeeacaiai,
oaiioeacei e iaoeeaeiia.
Ia?aoii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiay caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo aaeaaeiaaiui
oiio?aaeaieai eioa e ?eneii noeoeeaea auea auyaeaia a oiaea 8-eaoiaai
iaaethaeaiey ca 128 934 eeoeaie a ?aieao Eaeca?ianeie iinoiyiiie
i?ia?aiiu ii cae?aaiio?aiaieth.
Iaeiaei aii?in i oii, ieacuaaao ee ?aaoey?iia oiio?aaeaiea eioa eee
eioaeia eeeie/anee cia/eiia aeeyiea ia nio?aiaiea ninoiyiey aooaeoa eee
ia i?aaeioa?auaiea aeai?anneaiiai ninoiyiey, caneoaeeaaao aeaeueiaeoaai
eco/aiey a eeeie/aneeo e iiioeyoeeiiiuo enneaaeiaaieyo.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
“Oa?iaeieiaey” Oa?eaae/ Ae.A. 3-a ecaeaiea, ia?a?aaioaii e aeiiieiaii –
I.: Iaaeeoeeia, 1987.- 560n., ee.
“Iniiau aeioeiee” Oioi?ia (“Principles of biochemistry”, Horton and al,
1993):
Kawachi I, et al. A Prospective Study of Coffee Drinking and Suicide in
Women. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:521-6.
Cook DG, Peacock JL, Feyerabend C, et al. Relation of caffeine intake
and blood caffeine concentrations during pregnancy to fetal growth:
prospective population based study. BMJ 1996;313:1358-62.
Variability in caffeine consumption from coffee and tea: Possible
significance for epidemiological studies” by B. Stavric, R. Klassen, B.
Watkinson, K. Karpinski, R. Stapley, and P. Fried in “Foundations of
Chemical Toxicology”, Volume 26, number 2, pp. 111-118, 1988
“Looking for the Perfect Brew” by S. Eisenberg, “Science News”, Volume
133, April 16, 1988, pp. 252-253.
“Bowes and Church’s Food values of portions commonly used” by Anna De
Planter Bowes. Lippincott, Phila. 1989. Pages 261-2: Caffeine.
From Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-3-R (American
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OAKLAND, California (UPI) — Coffee may be good for life.
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