I?IOeANNU EIOA?IEOAINEE A ssAeA?IUO ACAEIIAeAENOAEssO N AIEUeOEI PT
AAAAeAIEA
Nia?aiaiiay oeceea ?anniao?eaaao aeaa oeia i?eaeaeueiuo i?ioeannia :
Aaonianeea e ia-Aaonnianeea. Niioaaonoaaiii, iu aeaeei enneaaeoaiua
i?iaeaiu ia aeaa aaoae. Ia?aue eeann aeeth/aao neaai oeoeooe?othuea
i?ioeannu. Ai aoi?ii neo/aa ?anniao?eaathony neeueii oeoeooe?othuea.
Oaeie iiaeoiae /?acau/aeii iieaciue e iaania/eaaao aieueoea aiciiaeiinoe
aeey oi/iuo ?aoaiee. Yoi iicaieyao iieo/aoue iioeiaeueiua iaoaiaoe/aneea
iiaeaee e ?aoaoue i?iaeaiu eiee/anoaaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee, eae aeey neaai
oeoeooe?othueo iiiioaciuo oae e aeey neeueii oeoeooe?othueo iiiaioaciuo
nenoai. Yoiai aeinoaoi/ii aeey oece/aneiai i?ioeanna e iaoaiaoe/aneie
iiaeaee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue iieo/aia ia aai iniiaaiee.
Iineaaeiea aiaeu canaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee aeinoaoi/ii aunieoth
aeoeaiinoue a enneaaeiaaiee neeueii oeoeooe?othueo ia-Aaonianeeo
i?ioeannia, eae a oai?aoe/aneii oae e a i?aeoe/aneii aniaeoao. Iniiaiay
iniaaiiinoue iiaeiaiuo ?aaeueiuo iauaeoia – ianooaaiay eiaa?eaioiinoue a
ana oiaiueoathueony aeiiaiao. Iiyoiio, ia?aay iaaeaaeaea -/oi
ianooaaiay eiaa?eaioiinoue eee naiiiiaeiaiinoue iiaee au ioe?uoue iiaua
iai?aaeaiey, a eiia/iii n/aoa aaaeouea e aieaa aeoaieiio i?iieeiiaaieth
a naienoaa eco/aaiuo niauoee. Eiathony aeaa iooe eco/aiey neeueii
oeoeooe?othueo aeeiaie/aneeo nenoai. Ia?aue aeeth/aao aiaeec iiaaaeaiey
?aoaiey aeey iaai?a aeeooa?aioeeaeueii-?aciinoiuo o?aaiaiee. Aoi?ie
iiaeoiae ninoieo a oii, /oiau eco/eoue yenia?eiaioaeueiia eee
oai?aoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea neeueii oeoeooe?othueo aeeiaie/aneeo ia?aiaiiuo
(eee, aiciiaeii, iaeioi?ay ooieoeey ?yaea aeeiaie/aneeo ia?aiaiiuo) ana
a?aiy oiaiueoathueony yeaiaioia oaciaiai i?ino?ainoaa. A yoie ?aaioa
eniieuecoaony aoi?ie iooue.
Oai?ey oaeoi?eaeueiuo iiiaioia
Ionoue o ian eiaaony N niauoee a eioi?uo enneaaeoaiay aaee/eia (()
neeueii oeoeooe?oao (?en.1). Yoio i?ioeann iiaeao auoue iienai iooai
aeaeaiey niioaaonoaothuaai eioa?aaea ( ia M (aeey ii?aaeaeaiiinoe)
eioa?aaeia aaee/eiie
(=(/M (1)
Ionoue p1 …pM aa?iyoiinoue iaoiaeaeaiey /anoeoeu a niioaaonoaothuai
eioa?aaea. Oeoeooaoeey ( iienuaaaony aa?iyoiinoiui ?ani?aaeaeaieai:
P (p1 … PM) dp1 … dpM
(2)
?ani?aaeaeaiea (2) – neiaeiia iiiaiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea, eioi?ia
o?oaeii eco/aoue iaiin?aaenoaaiii. Yoa i?iaeaia iiaeao auoue ?aoaia
iooai eco/aiey ii?ie?iaaiiuo iiiaioia yoiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey,
ii?aaeaeaiiuo eae:
Aaea iineaaeiyy /anoue o?aaiaiey – ii?ie?othuee /eai.
?ani?aaeaeaiea P (p1 … PM) a (2) – oai?aoe/aneia. Iii ia iiaeao auoue
iieo/aii ec iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo ecia?aiee. Ia yenia?eiaioa iu eiaai aeaei
n ?ani?aaeaeaieai aaee/ei n1 … nM
(4)
Aaea Q(n1 … nM) ecia?yaiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea e I noaoenoe/aneee ooi
(ii?aaeaeyaiue n iiiiuueth ?ani?aaeaeaiey Ioanniia) eioi?ue
”?aciacuaaao” P (p1 …pM) (oai?aoe/aneia ?ani?aaeaeaiea), iniaaiii aeey
iaeiai /enea ecia?aiee.
“Aeeiaie/aneay” – a i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue “noaoenoe/aneie” –
eioa?i?aoaoeey oeoeooaoeee iieo/eea naia i?eiaiaiea a iaoiaea
oaeoi?eaeueiuo iiiaioia, a eioi?ii ii?ie?iaaiiua oaeoi?eaeueiua iiiaiou
oai?aoe/aneiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?e?aaieaathony e aaee/eiai ii?ie?iaaiiuo
oaeoi?eaaeueiuo iiiaioia yenia?eiaioaeueiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey .Yoio iaoiae
i?aaeeiaeeee A. Bialas e R. Peschansky.
(6)
A oi?ioea (6)
naienoaa ei??aeyoeee ii?yaeea q aeey aeaiiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey.
Ia yenia?eiaioa ?ani?aaeaeaiea eco/aaony aeey iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe
aeiiaiia oaciaiai i?ino?ainoaa ( iooai iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai aeaeaiey
ia?aiia/aeueiiai eioa?aaea ( ia I ?aaiuo /anoae.
(=(/M
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey noaoenoe/aneie oi/iinoe oaeoi?eaeueiuo iiiaioia Fq’ua
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo y/aae ii?aaeaeaiiua a oi?ioea (6) , on?aaeiaiu ii
niauoeyi e ii I. y/aeeai (“ aa?oeeaeueiue aiaeec ”). Aa?oeeaeueii (ii
niauoeyi) on?aaeiaiiua iiiaiou iiaoo auoue ii?aaeaeaiu eae aeaieiia
n?aaeiaa /enei:
(7)
Aaea nm (m=1,…,M)- iiiaeanoaaiiinoue oiai ,aeia e
n?aaeiyy iiiaeanoaaiiinoue a aeia m.
A yoie ?aaioa iu eniieueciaaee iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiue iaoiae aa?oeeaeueiiai
on?aaeiaiey a eioi?ii iiiaiou on?aaeiaiu ii ia/aeueiui oi/eai
?aniieiaeaiey ia/aeueiie iaeanoe (.
(8)
aaea Nstep /enei iaeuo ( step/( io ?acia?ia aeiia oaciaiai
i?ino?ainoaa iiae/eiyaony noaiaiiiio caeiio:
(9)
aeey o?aeoaeueiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey oeoeooaoeee n ia?aiaaeathuaeny
aa?iyoiinoueth. Iieiaeeoaeueiay eiinoaioa ((q) iacuaaaony iieacaoaeue
eioa?ieooaine. Iia oa?aeoa?ecoao neeo yooaeoa.
Iaiai?io anee ?anniao?eaaaiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea aeaaeeia(ieioiinoue
aa?iyoiinoe eiia/iay, ia i?eia? aaoniiiaeiaiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea)
(10)
I?aeoe/aneea i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu
Oeceea yeaiaioa?iuo /anoeoe aeaao oi?iooth aiciiaeiinoue iiaeoaa?aeeoue
ia yenia?eiaioa iaoiae oaeoi?eaeueiuo iiiaioia. Auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi
eiaaony aeaa ?aciiaeaeiinoe PT – ?ani?aaeaeaiee a ioeeii-yaea?iuo e
yaea?ii-yaea?iuo acaeiiaeaenoaeyo a TeV iaeanoe yia?aee. Eco/aaiia
iiaaaeaiea iieacaoaey eioa?ieoaine a aeiiieiaiea e i?aaeuaeouei
?acoeueoaoai ii PT ?ani?aaeaeaieyi aeaao iai neeueiia oeacaiea ia
nouanoaiaaiea aoi?iai eeanna acaeiiaeaenoaee n aieueoei PT aeey anao
aoi?e/iuo /anoeoe a niauoeyo.
. Aiaeec ecia?aiiuo aaee/ei iiia?a/iuo eiioeuenia eaaeaeiai ( – eaaioa
ai acaeiiaeaenoaeyo n ( E > 10 TeV iieacuaaao /oi 7 ec ieo niaa?oaiii
ioee/athony io inoaeueiuo. Iiia?a/iua eiioeuenu aieueoeinoaa ( – eaaioia
a yoeo 7 acaeiiaeaenoaeyo auee a ianeieueei ?ac auoa /ai iau/iue
n?aaeiee iiia?a/iue eiioeuen aoi?e/iuo ( – eaaioia, o.a.,
GeV/c.
Eioaa?aeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea iiia?a/iuo eiioeuenia anao aoi?e/iuo ( –
eaaioia aeaii ia ?en.2. Eae aeaeii ec ?enoiea yoi ?ani?aaeaeaiea ynii
ninoieo ec aeaoo yeniiiaio:
N(( >PT( ) = A1 exp( PT(/P01 ) + A2 exp( PT( /P02 )
(4)
Aeey ia?aie aaoae ( iau/iua acaeiiaeaenoaey ) P01 > ~ 0.2 GeV/c. ;
aeey aoi?ie aaoae, iai?ioea, P02 > 0,8 AyA/c. A yoeo 7 “iniauo”
acaeiiaeaenoaeyo aieueoeinoai iaaeii?iaiauo ( – eaaioia eiatho
iiia?a/iue eiioeuen PT( ( 0.5 GeV/c. Iiyoiio, “iniaua” acaeiiaeaenoaey
ioee/athony io iau/iuo ia oai, /oi eiatho iaeei eee aeaa ( – eaaioa n
i/aiue aieueoeie PT( (/oi, a i?eioeeia oaeaea iiaeao aanoe e aieueoei
n?aaieoaeueii aieueoeie cia/aieyie PT.
?en.2 oaeaea iieacuaaao, /oi ioee/ea a oa?aeoa?enoeeao iaaeaeo yoeie
aeaoiy aaoayie oae aaeeei, /oi aai iaaiciiaeii iauynieoue ioeaeaie a
ioeaiea yia?aee E( eee iioa?ae iiaeii?iaiauo ( eaaioia, eee
noaoenoe/aneeie oeoeooaoeeyie.
?acoeueoaou
Iiia?a/iua eiioeuenu aeey iaieo acaeiiaeaenoaee (n aieueoei e iaeui PT)
auee ?ann/eoaiu iaoiaeii oaeoi?eaeueiuo iiiaioia. Ec-ca oaeianoaa e
iiaeiaiuo naienoa iaaeaeo iiia?a/iui eiioeuenii e inaaaeinei?inoueth a
au/eneaieyo ,auea eniieueciaaia inaaaeinei?inoue aianoi iiia?a/iiai
eiioeuena. (Ia?aiia/aeueiay iaeanoue auea 4.0 e M=40.) A yoie ?aaioa
auee i?eiaiaiu eiiiuethoa?iua au/eneaiey. ?acoeueoaou yoiai
i?aaenoaaeaiu a Oaaeeoea 1 e a ?enoiea 3. Oaeoi?eaeueiua iiiaiou
au/eneaiu aeey ii?yaeea q = io 2 aei 8. ?acoeueoaou yoie ?aaiou
i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 1 e ?enoiea 3.Auee au/eneaiu oaeoi?eaeueiua
iiiaiou ii?yaeea q io 2 aei 8.Ec ?en.3 e oaaeeoeu 1 iiaeii aeaeaoue,
/oi aeey niauoee n iaeuie PT, ln Fq ?anoao n ?inoii -ln (( aeey anao
ii?yaeeia.Aeey niauoee n aieueoeie PT ia iaaethaeaaony neeueiay ((
caaeneiinoue a aunieeo ii?yaeeao aeey ieo iaeeii ai?acaei iaiueoa. Ana
(q cia/eoaeueii aieueoa aeey a?oii niauoee n iaeuie PT. N?aaiaiea
aeaiiuo i iaeeiiao (q aeey aeaoo aeaeia acaeiiaeaenoaee i?aaenoaaeaiu ia
?en.3. Aeey niauoee n iaeuie PT aeaiiua niaeanothony n ia?aiaaeathueiny
iiaaaeaieai o.a. ni noaiaiiui caeiiii (9).
Taae. 1. Iaeeiiu (q iooeoe?iaaiiua a eioa?aaea 0.1 ( ln (( ( 1.0
aeey niauoee n aieueoei e iaeui PT
(4.0
============================================
niauoey n iaeuie PT niauoey n
aieueoeie PT
_________________________________________________________
q (q
(q
============================================
2 0.100 ( 0.004
0.068 ( 0.005
3 0.260 ( 0.014
0.095 ( 0.010
4 0.310 ( 0.027
0.094 ( 0.016
5 0.51 ( 0.05
0.08 ( 0.02
6 0.66 ( 0.06
0.10 ( 0.03
7 0.77 ( 0.09
0.11 ( 0.04
8 1.29 ( 0.11
0.13 ( 0.06
Caeeth/aiea
Oaeoi?eaeueiua iiiaiou auyaeytho aeeiaie/aneoth oeoeooaoeeth e
iiaeaaeytho noaoenoe/aneee ooi. Iie iicaieytho iai iaia?oaeeaaoue
aeeiaieeo i?ioeanna ec yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ecia?aiee. N iiiiuueth yoiai
iaoiaea iu iiaeai enneaaeiaaoue ei??aeyoeee aunieeo ii?yaeeia (aei 8
ii?yaeea a ianoiyuae ?aaioa). Ia iniiaa yoiai iiaeoiaea iu iiaeai
aiai?eoue, /oi eiaaony neeueiia oeacaiea ioiineoaeueii nouanoaiaaiey
aoi?iai eeanna acaeiiaeaenoaee n aieueoei PT aoi?e/iuo /anoeoe. A yoie
i?iaeaia ei??aeyoeee aunieeo ii?yaeeia i/aiue aaaeiu.
A aae?ii-aae?iiiuo noieeiiaaieyo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?e eieeaeaea?iuo
yia?aeyo aieueoie aeeaae a iiaaaeaiea neaeeeiaa iaania/eaatho
Aica-Yeiooaeiianeea ei??aeyoeee, ii ia io iau/iiai noaoenoe/aneiai
enoi/ieea .
Eiaaony yniia oeacaiea ia PT caaeneiinoue i?ioeannia eioa?ieooaine.
Aeaiiua aiaeeca aeey anao /anoeoe e aeey /anoeoe n PT aieueoa eee
iaiueoa /ai 0.3/0.15 AyA/c a oao aea naiuo niauoeyo iaia?oaeeee
neeueioth /oanoaeoaeueiinoue e iiia?a/iiio eiioeueno. ?acoeueoaou
iieacuaatho, /oi iaeeiiu (q oaaee/eaathony io 2 aei 4 ?ac, eiaaea
ia?aie/eaathony aiaeecii o?aeia n PT PT()=A1exp(PT(/P01) + A2exp(PT(/P02)
For large
Pt
For small
Pt
)
T(
N( > P
+
0.10) GeV/c
= (0.80
02
01
0.03) GeV/c P
= (0.17
P
?ani?aaeaeaiea /anoeoe aeey aeaoo oeiia acaeiiaeaenoaee
T
Fig. 2 P
+
GeV/c
T
P
100
10
1
2
1
0
(5)
[q]
q
q
q
q
M
1
M
m
m=1
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