I?iaeaia ia/aea anaeaiiie, iiaeiaia noa?iio aii?ino:
*oi i?iecioei ia?aui oeuieaiie eee yeoei. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, eaeay neea
nicaeaea anaeaiioth. E /oi nicaeaei yoo neeo. Eee aiciiaeii, anaeaiiay,
eee neea, eioi?ay nicaeaaaei ana yoi, nouanoaiaaee anaaaea, e ia eiaee
ia/aea.
Aieioue aei iaaeaaiaai a?aiaie, o/aiua eiaee oaiaeaioeeth ia eanaoueny
oaeeo aii?inia iioiio, /oi iie i?eiaaeeaaeaee e iaoaoeceea eee ?aeeaee,
a ia e iaoea.
Oai ia iaiaa, a iineaaeiaa a?aiy aicieeei o/aiea i oii, /oi Caeiiu
Iaoee iiaoo auoue aeaaea a ia/aea anaeaiiie. A yoii neo/aa, anaeaiiay
iiaea ii?aaeaeyoueny iieiinoueth Caeiiaie Iaoee.
Iiiaea ?aiiea o?aaeeoeee, Aa?aeneay, O?enoeaineay e Eneaineay
?aeeaee, n/eoaee /oi anaeaiiay nicaeaeanue aeiaieueii iaaeaaii.
Iai?eia?, Aieneii Ooa? au/eneee aeaoo a /aou?a ouny/e /aou?anoa eao,
aeey nicaeaiey anaeaiiie, i?eaaaeyy aic?ano ethaeae a Aaooii Caaaoa.
Oaeoe/anee, aeaoa aeaeaeneiai nicaeaiey ia oae aeaeaea io aeaou eiioea
iineaaeiaai Eaaeieeiaiai Ia?eiaea, eiaaea iiyaeeny ia?aue nia?aiaiiue
/aeiaae.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, iaeioi?ua ethaee, eae iai?eia?, A?a/aneee oeeinio
A?enoioaeue, Aeaea?o, Iuethoii , Aaeeeae ia i?eciaaaee eaeath i oii, /oi
anaeaiiay eiaea ia/aei. Iie /oanoaiaaee, /oi yoi iiaei auei auoue. Ii
iie i?aaeii/ee aa?eoue a oi, /oi anaeaiiay, nouanoaiaaea, e aeieaeia
auea nouanoaiaaoue anaaaea oi anoue aa/ii e aaneiia/ii.
Anaeaiiay auea ii nouanoao iaiaiythuaeny ai a?aiaie. A?aiy aaniethoii
iaeii?iaeii e neio?iiece?iaaii. A ethaie oi/ea anaeaiiie iii iaeeiaeiai.
I?ino?ainoai oiaea iaeii?iaeii e ecio?iiii. Ianooaa iaeeiaeia a ethaie
oi/ea anaeaiiie. Eee iia auea nicaeaia a naiae ianoiyuae oi?ia, eee
iia nouanoaiaae anaaaea, iiaeiaii naaiaeiyoiae. Yoi auei anoanoaaiiia
oaaaeaeaiea a oi a?aiy, iineieueeo /aeiaa/aneay aeeciue, ia naiii
aeaea, i/aiue ei?ioeee io?acie enoi?ee, eioi?oth anaeaiiay cia/eoaeueii
ia eciaieea ii n?aaiaieth n aic?anoii naiie anaeaiiie. A noaoe/aneie,
iaiaiythuaeny anaeaiiie, aii?in i oii, /oi anaeaiiay nouanoaiaaea
anaaaea, eee nicaeaeanue a i?ioeii, – aeaenoaeoaeueii iaoa?eae aeey
iaoaoeceee eee ?aeeaee: eaaeaeay oai?ey iiaea au i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea
oaeoth anaeaiioth.
Ia naiii aeaea, a 1781, oeeinio, Eiiaioee Eaio, iaienae iaiau/ioth e
i/aiue iaynioth ?aaioo, E?eoeeo *enoiai ?acoia. Oai, ii ?aoee, /oi auee
iaeeiaeiai i?aaeeueiua aeiaiaeu, iaa aeey aa?u, /oi anaeaiiay eiaea
ia/aei, e aeey aa?u aea, /oi aai ia auei. Eae aiai?eo aai iacaaiea , aai
auaiaeu auee iniiaaiu i?inoi ia i?e/eia. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, iie ia acyee
a n/ao iaaethaeaiey i anaeaiiie. A eiioea eiioeia, a iaiaiythuaeny
anaeaiiie, auei ee /oi iaaethaeaoue?
Oaeei ia?acii ia?aae o/aiuie anoaaaea i?iaeaia auai?a iaaeaeo aa?ie a
aiaa e iaoa?eaeueiie aa?ie. Iie aua ia ciaee ia?aii?e/ei i?ienoiaeaeaiey
anaeaiiie oae eae o ieo ia auei a oi a?aiy aeinoaoi/iie iao/iie aacu.
Aa?a a Aiaa auea aieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueia. Enoi?e/anee o?enoeainoai auei
noa?oa /ai iaoea e anoanoaaiii iaiiiaea aini?eieiaee iaoeo na?ueacii ,
ii ni a?aiaiai iia iaae?aea neeo e ana /aua ethaee iiai?a/eaaee aieiao a
aa noi?iio.
Oaeia a iaoea – yoi oi , /oi iaoea ia iiaeao iauynieoue, eae iia ia
iiaeao iauynieoue oi , /oi auei aei aieueoiai ac?uaa. Aaaeue ana, /oi
i?ienoiaeeei aei iiiaioa aicieeiiaaiey anaeaiiie, oi/ee neiaoey?iinoe,
ia ianoaeaeaaony- yoi aeiaia. A iaiiciaiiia a iaoea – yoi oa oaeia ,
eioi?ay a aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy ia iiaeao auoue ?ane?uoa.
A 19-a noieaoee iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea ia/aea anaeaiiie iaeaieeaaeenue.
Caiey e inoaeueiay /anoue anaeaiiie, oaeoe/anee eciaieeenue ni a?aiaiai.
N iaeiie noi?iiu, aaieiae iiiyee /oi ia?aciaaiea neae, e eneiiaaiuo a
ieo, eiaei aic?ano nioie eee ouny/e ieeeeiiia eao. Yoi auei iaiiiai
aieaa aeeeiiui n?ieii ,/ai aic?ano Caiee, niaeanii O?enoeainoao.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, iaiaoeeee oecee, Aieueoeiai, auaae oae iacuaaaiue
Aoi?ie Caeii Oa?iiaeeiaieee. Ii oeacuaaao ia oi, /oi iauay noiia
aanii?yaei/ii aeaeaeoueony /anoeoe ai anaeaiiie (eioi?ue ecia?yaony
eiee/anoaii iacuaathueiny yio?iiey), anaaaea oaaee/eaaaony ni a?aiaiai.
Yoi, i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi anaeaiiay iiaea auoue a naeaoii ninoiyiee
oieueei a iaeii a?aiy a oi/ea ia/aea. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa, anaeaiiay
aeieaeia au?iaeaeaoueny a ninoiyiea iieiiai aanii?yaeea n iaeeiaeiaie
oaiia?aoo?ie.
Ae?oaay o?oaeiinoue n eaeaae noaoe/aneie anaeaiiie auea a oii, /oi
niaeanii Caeiio Neeu Oyaeanoe Iuethoiia, eaaeaeay caacaea ai anaeaiiie
aeieaeia i?eoyaeaaoueny e eaaeaeie ae?oaie caacaea. Oi eae iie iiaee au
inoaoueny ia iinoiyiiii ?annoiyiee io ae?oa ae?oaa? Ia aoaeoo ee iie ana
aianoa iaaeaoue? Iuethoii aue inaaaeiieai ia yoie i?iaeaia i caacaeao,
i?eaeaeathueo ae?oa ae?oaa. A ienueia e ?e/a?aeo Aaioee, aaaeouaio
oeeinioo oiai a?aiaie, ii niaeaneeny, /oi eiia/iia neiieaiea caacae ia
iiaeao inoaoueny iaiiaeaeaeiui: iie au ana oiaee aianoa, a iaeioi?ie
oeaio?aeueiie oi/ea. Oai ia iaiaa, ii iinii?ee, /oi aaneiia/iia
neiieaiea caacae, ia aeieaeii iaaeaoue aianoa: aeey ieo ia auei au
oeaio?aeueiie oi/ee , /oiau ooaea oianoue. Yoio a?aoiaio yaeyaony
i?eia?ii caiaaeiae, iaeio ec eioi?uo iu iiaeai ano?aoeoue, eiaaea iaeie
aiai?yo i aaneiia/iuo nenoaiao. Eniieuecoy ae?oaea iooe, /oiau
aeiaaaeoue neeo a eaaeaeie caacaea, ec aaneiia/iiai eiee/anoaa ae?oaeo
caacae ai anaeaiiie, iaeiaaeaeu iu iiaeai iieo/eoue ae?oaea ioaaou ia
aii?in: iie iiaoo inoaaaoueny ia iinoiyiiii ?annoiyiee io ae?oa ae?oaa.
Iu oaia?ue ciaai, /oi i?aaeeueiay iaoiaeeea aeieaeia ?anniao?eaaoue
neo/ae ia/aeueiie oi/ee , ioeoaea i?iecioae ie?.
Ianiio?y ia yoe o?oaeiinoe n eaeaae noaoe/aneie e iaiaiythuaeny
anaeaiiie ieeoi a naiiaaeoeaouo, ainaiiaaeoeaouo, aeaayoiaaeoeaouo eee
?aiieo aeaaaeoeaouo noieaoeyo, ia n/eoae /oi anaeaiiay iiaea
?acaeaaoueny ni a?aiaiai. Iuethoii e Yeiooaei, iaa i?iionoeee oain
i?aaeneacuaaiey, /oi anaeaiiay iiaea au eee nie?auaoueny, eee
?anoe?youeny. Iaeuecy aeaenoaeoaeueii noaaeoue yoi i?ioea Iuethoiia,
ec-ca oiai, /oi ii aeee aeaanoe iyoueaeanyo eao ia?aae ioe?uoeai
?anoe?aiey anaeaiiie. Ii Yeiooaei aeieaeai aue ciaoue yoi eo/oa. Eiaaea
ii noi?ioee?iaae Oai?eth Ioiineoaeueiinoe, /oiau i?iaa?eoue oai?eth
Iuethoiia n aai nianoaaiiie Niaoeeaeueiie Oai?eae Ioiineoaeueiinoe, ii
aeiaaaee oae iacuaaaioth, “einie/aneoth eiinoaioo”. Yoi i?aaenoaaeyei
niaie iooaeeeaathuee a?aaeoaoeeiiiue yooaeo, eioi?ue iia au
aaeaine?iaaoue yooaeo i?eoyaeaiey iaoa?eaea ai anaeaiiie. Oaeei
ia?acii, auei aiciiaeii eiaoue noaoe/aneoth iiaeaeue anaeaiiie.
Yeiooaei iicaea neacae: einie/aneay eiinoaioa auea aaee/aeoae ioeaeie
iiae aeecie. Yoi i?iecioei iinea iaaethaeaiee ioaeaeaiiuo aaeaeoee,
Yaeaeiii Oaaaeii a 1920 aiaeo, e iieacaei, /oi iie ia?aiauathony aeaeaei
io ian, ni nei?inoyie, eioi?ua auee i?eaeeceoaeueii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiuie
eo ?annoiyieth io ian. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, anaeaiiay ia noaoe/aneay, eae
i?aaeaea auei i?eiyoi aeoiaoue: iia ?anoe?yaony. ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo
aaeaeoeeaie aic?anoaao ni a?aiaiai.
A 1929 aiaeo Oaaae ioe?uaaao yooaeo oae iacuaaaiue yooaeo «e?aniiai
niauaiey». Ii ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi ai anao iaaethaeaaiuo niaeo?ao anao
iaaethaeaaiuo aaeaeoee ii aeaeeo e?anioth iiaenaaoeo a /anoe niaeo?a. Ii
a?ae a i?eia? iaaethaeaoaey, noiyuaai ieiei enoi/ieea naaoa, eioi?ue
oaeaeyeny eee i?eaeeaeaeny. I?e oaeaeaiee enoi/ieea naaoa iu
iaaethaeaai e?aniue naao niaeo?a, a i?e i?eaeeaeaiee- oeieaoiaue.
enoi/iee naaoa
h – aeeeia aieiu iaiiaeaeaeiiai enoi/ieea naaoa
h’- aeeeia aieiu aeaeaeouaainy enoi/ieea naaoa
h’/ h = 1+V/C
anee V>0 oi h’>h
V=HR – Caeii Oaaaea
aaea R- ?annoiyiea aei enneaaeoaiie aaeaeoeee
iinoiyiiay Oaaaea
nei?inoue ?acaaaaiey aaeaeoeee
H=15ei/n ia 1iei.naaoiauo eao
Yoi icia/aao, /oi ana aaeaeoeee io ian oaeaeythony. Ii iaoea , eae ie
no?aiii , caauea ia yoii aei 1964 aiaea. E eeoue a 1964 aiaeo o/aiua
Iaicean e Aeeuenii ioe?uaatho yooaeo «?aeeeoiaiai oiia». Iie
ooaa?aeaeatho , /oi ai anao oi/eao anaeaiiie iaaethaeaaony iinoiyiiue e
iaeii?iaeiue ooi- ?aeeeoiaue oii ?aaiue 3 a?aaeonai E.
Yoi icia/aao, /oi aaeaeoeee oaeaeythony n ii?aaeaeaiiie nei?inoueth. A
anee iie oaeaeythony, cia/eo auea e ia/aeueiay oi/ea ion/aoa.
Yoe aeaa iainii?eiuo e iieiinoueth aeieacaiiuo oaeoa iiaeoaa?aeaeatho
oai?eth Aieueoiai Ac?uaa. Cia/eo ia/aei auei e ana ?aiiea iao/iua aeiaiu
ii i?iaeaia ia/aea anaeaiiie iieiinoueth ii?iaa?aathony. N yoiai iiiaioa
iao/iia iiiyoea ia/aea anaeaiiie i?eoei a iaeioi?ia niaeanea n
o?enoeaineie oi/eie c?aiey ia yoio aii?in. Aaaeue o?enoeaia oaeaea
n/eoatho, /oi ia/aei auei, ii i?aaaea o ieo ia/aeii aue AIA e ii aea
nicaeae anaeaiioth.
A ia/aea nioai?ee Aia iaai e caieth. Caiey aea auea aacaeaeia e
ionoa, e oueia iaae aacaeiith, e Aeoo Aiaeee iineeny iaae aiaeith. E
neacae Aia: aea aoaeao naao. E noae naao. E oaeaeae Aia naao, /oi ii
oi?io, e ioaeaeee Aia naao io oueiu. E iacaae Aia naao aeiai, a oueio
ii/ueth. E aue aa/a?, e auei oo?i: aeaiue iaeei. 6 E neacae Aia: aea
aoaeao oaa?aeue iin?aaee aiaeu, e aea ioaeaeyao iia aiaeo io aiaeu. [E
noaei oae.] E nicaeae Aia oaa?aeue, e ioaeaeee aiaeo, eioi?ay iiae
oaa?aeueth, io aiaeu, eioi?ay iaae oaa?aeueth. E noaei oae. E iacaae
Aia oaa?aeue iaaii. [E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi oi?ioi.] E aue aa/a?, e auei
oo?i: aeaiue aoi?ie. E neacae Aia: aea niaa?aony aiaea, eioi?ay iiae
iaaii, a iaeii ianoi, e aea yaeony nooa. E noaei oae. [E nia?aeanue
aiaea iiae iaaii a naie ianoa, e yaeeanue nooa.] E iacaae Aia nooo
caieath, a nia?aiea aiae iacaae ii?yie. E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi oi?ioi.
E neacae Aia: aea i?iec?anoeo caiey caeaiue, o?aao, nathuoth naiy [ii
?iaeo e ii iiaeiaeth aa, e] aea?aai ieiaeiaeoia, i?eiinyuaa ii ?iaeo
naiaio ieiae, a eioi?ii naiy aai ia caiea. E noaei oae. E i?iecaaea
caiey caeaiue, o?aao, nathuoth naiy ii ?iaeo [e ii iiaeiaeth] aa, e
aea?aai [ieiaeiaeoia], i?eiinyuaa ieiae, a eioi?ii naiy aai ii ?iaeo aai
[ia caiea]. E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi oi?ioi. E aue aa/a?, e auei oo?i:
aeaiue o?aoee. E neacae Aia: aea aoaeoo naaoeea ia oaa?aee iaaaniie
[aeey inaauaiey caiee e] aeey ioaeaeaiey aeiy io ii/e, e aeey ciaiaiee,
e a?aiai, e aeiae, e aiaeia; e aea aoaeoo iie naaoeeueieeaie ia oaa?aee
iaaaniie, /oiau naaoeoue ia caieth. E noaei oae. E nicaeae Aia aeaa
naaoeea aaeeeea: naaoeei aieueoaa, aeey oi?aaeaiey aeiai, e naaoeei
iaiueoaa, aeey oi?aaeaiey ii/ueth, e caacaeu; e iinoaaee eo Aia ia
oaa?aee iaaaniie, /oiau naaoeoue ia caieth, e oi?aaeyoue aeiai e
ii/ueth, e ioaeaeyoue naao io oueiu. E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi oi?ioi. E
aue aa/a?, e auei oo?i: aeaiue /aoa??oue. E neacae Aia: aea i?iecaaaeao
aiaea i?aniueathueony, aeooo aeeaoth; e ioeoeu aea iieaoyo iaae caieath,
ii oaa?aee iaaaniie. [E noaei oae.] E nioai?ee Aia ?ua aieueoeo e
anyeoth aeooo aeeaioiuo i?aniueathueony, eioi?uo i?iecaaea aiaea, ii
?iaeo eo, e anyeoth ioeoeo ia?iaooth ii ?iaeo aa. E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi
oi?ioi. E aeaaineiaee eo Aia, aiai?y: ieiaeeoanue e ?aciiiaeaeoanue, e
iaiieiyeoa aiaeu a ii?yo, e ioeoeu aea ?aciiiaeathony ia caiea. E aue
aa/a?, e auei oo?i: aeaiue iyoue. E neacae Aia: aea i?iecaaaeao caiey
aeooo aeeaoth ii ?iaeo aa, neioia, e aaaeia, e caa?ae caiiuo ii ?iaeo
eo. E noaei oae. E nicaeae Aia caa?ae caiiuo ii ?iaeo eo, e neio ii
?iaeo aai, e anao aaaeia caiiuo ii ?iaeo eo. E oaeaeae Aia, /oi yoi
oi?ioi. E neacae Aia: nioai?ei /aeiaaea ii ia?aco Iaoaio [e] ii
iiaeiaeth Iaoaio, e aea aeaaeu/anoaotho iie iaae ?uaaie ii?neeie, e iaae
ioeoeaie iaaaniuie, [e iaae caa?yie,] e iaae neioii, e iaae anath
caieath, e iaae anaie aaaeaie, i?aniueathueieny ii caiea. E nioai?ee
Aia /aeiaaea ii ia?aco Naiaio, ii ia?aco Aiaeeth nioai?ee aai; ioae/eio
e aeaiueio nioai?ee eo. E aeaaineiaee eo Aia, e neacae ei Aia:
ieiaeeoanue e ?aciiiaeaeoanue, e iaiieiyeoa caieth, e iaeaaeaeoa ath, e
aeaaeu/anoaoeoa iaae ?uaaie ii?neeie [e iaae caa?yie,] e iaae ioeoeaie
iaaaniuie, [e iaae anyeei neioii, e iaae anath caieath,] e iaae anyeei
aeeaioiui, i?aniueathueiny ii caiea. E neacae Aia: aio, ss aeae aai
anyeoth o?aao, nathuoth naiy, eaeay anoue ia anae caiea, e anyeia
aea?aai, o eioi?iai ieiae ae?aaaniue, nathuee naiy; — aai nea aoaeao a
ieuo; a anai caa?yi caiiui, e anai ioeoeai iaaaniui, e anyeiio [aaaeo,]
i?aniueathuaiony ii caiea, a eioi?ii aeooa aeeaay, aeae ss anth caeaiue
o?aaioth a ieuo. E noaei oae. E oaeaeae Aia ana, /oi Ii nicaeae, e aio,
oi?ioi aanueia. E aue aa/a?, e auei oo?i: aeaiue oanoie.
Aia nioai?ee ie? ca oanoue aeiae, ii anee enoiaeeoue ec oai?ee
Aieueoiai Ac?uaa aic?ano ia?aciaaiey anaeaiiie ?aaai i?eia?ii 15-20
ie?ae. eao. Nae/an oai?aoe/aneea oeceee iuoathony eae au naa?iooue
anaeaiioth, /oiau oi/iaa ociaoue aa aic?ano. Ii aeey ian aea aaaeai nai
oaeo, /oi anaeaiiay eiaea ia/aei.
A iiiaio, eioi?ue aue iacaai Aieueoei Ac?uaii, ieioiinoue anaeaiiie
auea ?aaia 1000 000 a/i(eoa), a oaiia?aoo?a ?aaiyeanue 10 a 32 noaiaie
a?aaeonia E. Yoio iiiaio aue iacaai oi/eie neiaoey?iinoe, oi anoue auea
oi/ea, auei ia/aei, aicieeea ianna, aaniethoiia i?ino?ainoai e ana
caeiiu, eioi?ui nae/an iiae/eiyaony anaeaiiay.
0
iaecaanoii ie/oi A?aiy
t>1/100 nae
t=10 nae 10 nae 1iei.eao ieeeeiiu eao
O=10 E 10 E 10 E 10 E
Yoa noaia iai iieacuaaao, /oi ni a?aiaiai oaiia?aoo?a anaeaiiie
iiieaeaaony.
Anee enoiaeeoue ec oaeoia , oi oai?ey Aieueoiai Ac?uaa eaaeaony i/aiue
oaaaeeoaeueiie , ii oae eae iu aei neo ii? ia ciaai, /oi aea auei aei
iaai , yoi iaioneaao iaiiiai ooiaia ia yoo i?iaeaio. Ii ana-oaee iaoea
i?iaeaeioeanue ai?acaei aeaeueoa, /ai yoi auei ?aiueoa e eae ethaay
?aaiethoeeiiiay oai?ey , oai?ey Aieueoiai Ac?uaa aeaao oi?ioee oie/ie
?acaeoeth iao/iie iunee.
Ia?aeaeai oaia?ue e aua iaeiie, ia iaiaa eioa?aniie oai?ee
aicieeiiaaiey ie?a. Yoi Aio?iiiue i?eioeei. A /ai aai nouiinoue?
Aio?iiiue (/aeiaa/aneee) i?eioeei ia?aui noi?ioee?iaae a 1960 aiaeo
Eaeen A.E. , ii ii yaeyaony eae au iaioeoeeaeueiui aai aaoi?ii. A
ioeoeeaeueiui aaoi?ii aue o/aiue ii oaieeee Ea?oa?.
Aio?iiiue i?eioeei aiai?eo i oii, /oi a ia/aea anaeaiiie aue ieai
ie?icaeaiey, aaioeii yoiai ieaia yaeyaony aicieeiiaaiea aeecie , a
aaioeii aeecie- /aeiaae. Aio?iiiue i?eioeei i/aiue oi?ioi oeeaaeuaaaony
a ?aeeaeicioth eiioeaioeeth i?ia?aiie?iaaiey aeecie.
Aio?iiiue i?eioeei ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi anaeaiiay oaeay, eaeay iia anoue
iioiio, /oi anoue iaaethaeaoaeue eee aea ii aeieaeai iiyaeoueny ia
ii?aaeaeaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey. A aeieacaoaeuenoai auoaeceiaeaiiiai
nicaeaoaee yoie oai?ee i?eaiaeyo i/aiue eioa?aniua oaeou. Yoi
E?eoe/iinoue Ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo Eiinoaio e Niaiaaeaiea Aieueoeo *enae.
?anniio?ei ia?aue oaeo.
Ooiaeaiaioaeueiuie eiinoaioaie iacuaathony
nei?inoue naaoa- N
iinoiyiiay ieaiea- h
ca?yae yeaeo?iia- a
ianna yeaeo?iia- ma
ianna i?ioiia- m?
ianna iaeo?iia-mn
n?aaeiyy ieioiinoue ai anaeaiiie-
a?aaeoaoeeiiiay iinoiyiiay-
yeaeo?iiaaieoiay iinoiyiiay- e
Enoiaey ec yoeo eiinoaio iaia?oaeeee eo acaeiinaycue:
iaaeaeo iannie i?ioiia, yeaeo?iia e iaeo?iia:
m? – mn > me
me= 5,5×10 a/iieue
mp-mn=13,4×10 a/iieue
a oaeaea e?eoe/iinoue cia/aiee ieioiinoe ai anaeaiiie:
q=10 a/ni
anee q>10 ,oi anaeaiiay ioeuene?othuay
anee q
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