1. Iaoaie/aneia aeaeaeaiea, aai oa?aeoa?enoeee. Ioiineoaeueiinoue
nei?inoe, ia?aiauaiey, o?aaeoi?ee iaoaie/aneiai aeaeaeaiey
. Nei?inoue oaea ioiineoaeueii iaiiaeaeaeiie nenoaiu eii?aeeiao ?aaia
aaiiao?e/aneie noiia nei?inoe oaea ioiineoaeueii iiaeaeaeiie nenoaiu e
nei?inoe yoie nenoaiu ioiineoaeueii iaiiaeaeaeiie.
2. Aeaeu iaoaie/aneiai aeaeaeaiey – i?yiieeiaeiia ?aaiiia?iia,
i?yiieeiaeiia ?aaiionei?aiiia, ?aaiiia?iia aeaeaeaiea ii ie?oaeiinoe
.
3. Caeiiu Iuethoiia. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey caeiiia Iuethoiia a i?e?iaea e
eniieueciaaiea yoeo caeiiia a oaoieea
. Neeu acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo oaeaie: iai?aaeaiu ii iaeiie i?yiie,
?aaiu ii aaee/eia, i?ioeaiiieiaeiu ii iai?aaeaieth, i?eeiaeaiu e ?aciui
oaeai (iiyoiio ia iiaoo o?aaiiaaoeaaoue ae?oa ae?oaa), anaaaea
aeaenoaotho ia?aie e eiatho iaeio e oo aea i?e?iaeo. Caeiiu Iuethoiia
auiieiythony iaeiia?aiaiii, iie iicaieytho iauynieoue caeiiiia?iinoe
aeaeaeaiey ieaiao, eo anoanoaaiiuo e eneonnoaaiiuo niooieeia. Eia/a,
iicaieytho i?aaeaeaeaoue o?aaeoi?ee aeaeaeaiey ieaiao, ?ann/eouaaoue
o?aaeoi?ee einie/aneeo ei?aaeae e eo eii?aeeiaou a ethaua caaeaiiua
iiiaiou a?aiaie. A caiiuo oneiaeyo iie iicaieytho iauynieoue oa/aiea
aiaeu, aeaeaeaiea iiiai/eneaiiuo e ?aciiia?aciuo o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa
(aeaeaeaiea aaoiiiaeeae, ei?aaeae, naiieaoia, ?aeao). Aeey anao yoeo
aeaeaeaiee, oae e nee ni?aaaaeeeau caeiiu Iuethoiia.
4. Acaeiiaeaenoaea oae: neeu oyaeanoe, oi?oainoe, o?aiey. I?eia?u
i?iyaeaiey yoeo nee a i?e?iaea e oaoieea
, aaea N – neea ?aaeoeee iii?u (?en. 2), ( – eiyooeoeeaio o?aiey
neieueaeaiey. Neea o?aiey neieueaeaiey anaaaea iai?aaeaia i?ioea
aeaeaeaiey oaea. Neea oyaeanoe e neea oi?oainoe – yoi neeu, caaenyuea io
eii?aeeiao acaeiiaeaenoaothueo oae ioiineoaeueii ae?oa ae?oaa. Neea
o?aiey caaeneo io nei?inoe oaea, ii ia caaeneo io eii?aeeiao. Eae a
i?e?iaea, oae e a oaoieea yoe neeu i?iyaeythony iaeiia?aiaiii eee
ia?aie. Iai?eia?, neea o?aiey oaaee/eaaaony i?e oaaee/aiee neeu
oyaeanoe. A auoo /anoi iieaciia o?aiea oneeeaatho, a a?aaeiia –
ineaaeytho (i?eiaiytho niaceo, caiaiytho o?aiea neieueaeaiey o?aieai
ea/aiey).
5. Eiioeuen oaea. Caeii nio?aiaiey eiioeuena. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey caeiia
nio?aiaiey eiioeuena a i?e?iaea e eniieueciaaiey yoiai caeiia a oaoieea
. A eaaie /anoe ?aaainoaa – noiia eiioeuenia iaieo oae (oaeaaeae) aei
acaeiiaeaenoaey, a i?aaie – noiia eiioeuenia oao aea oae iinea
acaeiiaeaenoaey. Eiioeuen eaaeaeie oaeaaeee eciaieeny, noiia aea
inoaeanue iaeciaiiie. Yoi ni?aaaaeeeai aeey caieioouo nenoai, e eioi?ui
ioiinyo a?oiiu oae, eioi?ua ia acaeiiaeaenoaotho n ae?oaeie oaeaie, ia
aoiaeyueie a yoo a?oiio. Ionthaea auaiae, o. a. caeii nio?aiaiey
eiioeuena: Aaiiao?e/aneay noiia eiioeuenia oae, ninoaaeythueo caieioooth
nenoaio, inoaaony iinoiyiiie i?e ethauo acaeiiaeaenoaeyo oae yoie
nenoaiu iaaeaeo niaie. I?eia?ii i?iyaeaiey caeiia nio?aiaiey eiioeuena
yaeyaony ?aaeoeaiia aeaeaeaiea. Iii iaaethaeaaony a i?e?iaea (aeaeaeaiea
inueieiiaa) e i/aiue oe?iei a oaoieea (aiaeiiaoiue eaoa?, iaiano?aeueiia
i?oaeea, aeaeaeaiea ?aeao e iaiaa?e?iaaiea einie/aneeo ei?aaeae).
6. Iaoaie/aneay ?aaioa e iiuiinoue. I?inoua iaoaieciu. EIAe i?inouo
iaoaieciia
. Ecia?yaony iiuiinoue a aaooao (Ao), 1 Ao = 1 Aeae/n. I?inoua
iaoaieciu: iaeeiiiay ieineinoue, ?u/aa, aeie. Eo aeaenoaea iiae/eiyaony
«cieioiio i?aaeeo iaoaieee»: ai neieueei ?ac auea?uaaai a neea, ai
noieueei aea ?ac i?iea?uaaai a ia?aiauaiee. Ia i?aeoeea niaa?oaaiay n
iiiiuueth iaoaiecia iieiay ?aaioa anaaaea ianeieueei aieueoa iieaciie.
*anoue ?aaiou niaa?oaaony i?ioea neeu o?aiey a iaoaiecia e ia?aiauaiey
aai ioaeaeueiuo /anoae. Iai?eia?, i?eiaiyy iiaeaeaeiue aeie, i?eoiaeeony
aeiiieieoaeueii niaa?oaoue ?aaioo ii iiaeiyoeth naiiai aeiea, aa?aaee e
ii i?aiaeieaieth neeu o?aiey a ine aeiea. Iiyoiio aeey ethaiai iaoaiecia
iieaciay ?aaioa (AI) anaaaea iaiueoa, /ai iieiay, cao?a/aiiay (AC). Ii
yoie i?e/eia EIAe = AI/AC • 100% ethaiai iaoaiecia ia iiaeao auoue
aieueoa eee oioy au ?aaai 100%.
7. Iaoaie/aneea eieaaaiey (ia i?eia?a iaoaiaoe/aneiai eee i?oaeeiiiai
iayoieeia). Oa?aeoa?enoeee eieaaaoaeueiuo aeaeaeaiee: aiieeooaea,
ia?eiae, /anoioa. Niioiioaiea iaaeaeo ia?eiaeii e /anoioie. A?aoee
eieaaaiey
.
8. Iaoaie/aneea aieiu. Aeeeia aieiu, nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey aieiu e
niioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie. Caoeiaua aieiu. Yoi
a ?acee/iuo n?aaeao ?aciay, a oaa?aeuo oaeao e aeeaeeinoyo iia
cia/eoaeueii aieueoa, /ai a aicaeooa. Ia a?aieoea n?aae n oi?oaeie
naienoaaie caoeiaay aieia io?aaeaaony. N yaeaieai io?aaeaiey caoea
naycaii yoi. Yoi yaeaiea ninoieo a oii, /oi caoe io enoi/ieea aeioiaeeo
aei eaeiai-oi i?aiyonoaey, io?aaeaaony io iaai e aica?auaaony e ianoo,
aaea ii aiciee, /a?ac i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie ia iaiaa 1/15 n. *a?ac oaeie
eioa?aae a?aiaie /aeiaa/aneia ooi niiniaii aini?eieiaoue ?acaeaeueii
neaaeothuea iaeei ca ae?oaei caoee.
9. Iioaioeeaeueiay e eeiaoe/aneay yia?aey. I?eia?u ia?aoiaea yia?aee ec
iaeiiai aeaea a ae?oaie. Caeii nio?aiaiey yia?aee
, o. a. iieiay iaoaie/aneay yia?aey ai ana a?aiy iaaeaiey inoaaony
iaeciaiiie, oioy iioaioeeaeueiay yia?aey i?aa?auaaony a eeiaoe/aneoth.
10. I?aaenoaaeaiey i aeene?aoiii ninoiyiee aauanoaa. Aaciia?aciia,
aeeaeeia e oaa?aeia ninoiyiey aauanoaa. Iiuoiia iainiiaaiea oa?aeoa?a
aeaeaeaiey e acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoeoe, ec eioi?uo ninoiyo aauanoaa a
?acee/iuo aa?aaaoiuo ninoiyieyo
Ana aauanoaa, iacaaeneii io eo aa?aaaoiiai ninoiyiey, ninoiyo ec
ia?iiiiai /enea /anoeoe (iieaeoe e aoiiia), yoe /anoeoeu iai?a?uaii e
oaioe/anee aeaeaeoony, a oaeaea acaeiiaeaenoaotho iaaeaeo niaie. Yoe
iieiaeaiey eiatho iiuoiia iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea. Iiuoiui iainiiaaieai
aeene?aoiinoe no?iaiey aauanoaa yaeyaony ?anoai?aiea e?anee a aiaea,
i?eaioiaeaiea /ay e iiiaea oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu. Iai?a?uaiinoue,
oaioe/iinoue aeaeaeaiey /anoeoe aauanoaa iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony
nouanoaiaaieai ?yaea yaeaiee: aeeooocee – naiii?iecaieueiiai
ia?aiaoeaaiey ?aciuo aauanoa aneaaenoaea i?iieeiiaaiey /anoeoe iaeiiai
aauanoaa iaaeaeo /anoeoeaie ae?oaiai; a?ioiianeiai aeaeaeaiey –
aanii?yaei/iiai aeaeaeaiey acaaoaiiuo a aeeaeeinoyo iaeeeo /anoeoe iiae
aeaenoaeai oaea?ia iieaeoe aeeaeeinoe. I oii, /oi /anoeoeu aauanoaa
acaeiiaeaenoaotho iaaeaeo niaie, aiai?yo iiuoiua oaeou: i?eoyaeaiea
(neeiaiea, nia/eaaiea, oneeea i?e ?anoyaeaiee), iooaeeeaaiea
(oi?oainoue, ianaeeiaaiinoue oaa?aeuo e aeeaeeeo oae). Neeu
acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoeoe aauanoaa i?iyaeythony oieueei ia ?annoiyieyo,
n?aaieiuo n ?acia?aie naieo /anoeoe. Aa?aaaoiia ninoiyiea aauanoaa
caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a aeaeaeaiey e acaeiiaeaenoaey. Aaciia?aciia
ninoiyiea (aacu eaaei naeeiathony, caieiatho aanue iauai, eiatho iaeoth
ieioiinoue) oa?aeoa?ecothony aieueoeie ?annoiyieyie e neaaui
acaeiiaeaenoaeai /anoeoe aauanoaa; aeeaeeia ninoiyiea (aeeaeeinoe
i?aeoe/anee ia naeeiathony, i?eieiatho oi?io ninoaea) oa?aeoa?ecoaony
ieioiie oiaeiaeie e aeeaeiei ii?yaeeii a oiaeiaea /anoeoe; oaa?aeia
ninoiyiea (ianaeeiaaiu, e?enoaeee/aneia no?iaiea) oa?aeoa?ecoaony
ieioiie oiaeiaeie e aeaeueiei ii?yaeeii a oiaeiaea /anoeoe.
11. Ia?aaea/a aeaaeaiey aacaie, aeeaeeinoyie e oaa?aeuie oaeaie. Caeii
Ianeaey e aai i?eiaiaiea a aeae?aaee/aneeo iaoeiao
. Iaoeia aeaao auea?uo a neea ai noieueei ?ac, ai neieueei ?ac
ieiuaaeue aieueoiai ii?oiy aieueoa ieiuaaee iaeiai. Yoi iaaethaeaaony a
?aaioa aeae?aaee/aneiai i?anna, eniieuecoaiiai aeey ecaioiaeaiey
noaeueiuo aaeia iaoei, aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo eiean eee auaeeiaiey ianea ia
ianeiaieiuo caaiaeao, a oaeaea a aeae?aaee/aneeo aeiie?aoao.
12. Aoiinoa?iia aeaaeaiea. I?eai?u aeey ecia?aiey aoiinoa?iiai
aeaaeaiey. Aicaeooiay iaiei/ea Caiee e aa ?ieue a aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe
/aeiaaea
= 9,8 I/ea ( 13 600 ea/i3 ( 0,76 i = 101 300 Ia = 1013 AIa.I?eai?aie
aeey ecia?aiey aoiinoa?iiai aeaaeaiey yaeythony ?oooiue aa?iiao? e
aa?iiao?aia?ieae. I?eioeei aeaenoaey iineaaeiaai iniiaai ia naeaoee
ionoioaeie aio?e?iaaiiie iaoaeee/aneie ei?iai/ee e ia?aaea/e aa
aeaoi?iaoeee /a?ac nenoaio ?u/aaia ia no?aeeo-oeacaoaeue.
Aa?iiao?-aia?ieae eiaao aeaa oeaeu: aioo?aiiyy i?ia?aaeoe?iaaia a ii ?o.
no. (1 ii ?o. no. = 133,3 Ia), aiaoiyy – a eeeiianeaeyo. Ciaiea
aoiinoa?iiai aeaaeaiey aanueia aaaeii aeey i?aaeneacaiey iiaiaeu ia
aeeaeaeoea aeie. O?iiinoa?a (ieaeiee neie aoiinoa?u) i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
aeaaiaea?y aeeooocee iaeii?iaeioth nianue acioa, eenei?iaea, oaeaeeneiai
aaca e ia?ia aiaeu. Yoa nianue aacia e iiaeaea?aeeaaao ii?iaeueioth
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue anaai aeeaiai ia Caiea. A?aaeiua aua?inu a
aoiinoa?o caa?yciytho ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo. Iai?eia?, aaa?ey ia
*a?iiaueueneie AYN, aaa?ee ia aoiiiuo iiaeaiaeiuo eiaeeao, aua?inu a
aoiinoa?o i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e o. i.
13. Aeaenoaea aeeaeeinoae e aacia ia iia?oaeaiiia a ieo oaei.
A?oeiaaeiaa neea, i?e/eiu aa aicieeiiaaiey. Oneiaey ieaaaiey oae
). oi oaei anieuaaao aei oao ii?, iiea neeu ia o?aaiiaanyony.
I?eaaaeaiiua auoa niioiioaiey i?eiaieiu aeey ieaaathueo noaeia e
aicaeooiieaaaiey.
14. Aioo?aiiyy yia?aey oae e niiniau aa eciaiaiey. Aeaeu
oaieiia?aaea/e, eo o/ao e eniieueciaaiea a auoo
I?e iaaeaiee oae ia Caieth iioaioeeaeueiay yia?aey (AI) i?aa?auaaony a
eeiaoe/aneoth (AE = ov2/2). I?e oaea?a oae i Caieth iaoaie/aneay yia?aey
i?aa?auaaony ai aioo?aiithth.Aioo?aiiyy yia?aey – yoi yia?aey aeaeaeaiey
e acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoeoe, ec eioi?uo ninoieo oaei.Aioo?aiiyy yia?aey
caaeneo io oaiia?aoo?u oaea, aai aa?aaaoiiai ninoiyiey, io oeie/aneeo,
aoiiiuo e yaea?iuo ?aaeoeee. Iia ia caaeneo ie io iaoaie/aneiai
aeaeaeaiey oaea, ie io iieiaeaiey yoiai oaea ioiineoaeueii ae?oaeo
oae.Aioo?aiithth yia?aeth iiaeii eciaieoue iooai niaa?oaiey ?aaiou e
oaieiia?aaea/e. Anee iaae oaeii niaa?oaaony ?aaioa, oi aioo?aiiyy
yia?aey oaea oaaee/eaaaony, anee aea yoi oaei niaa?oaao ?aaioo, oi aai
aioo?aiiyy yia?aey oiaiueoaaony.Aeaeu oaieiia?aaea/e:
oaieii?iaiaeiinoue, eiiaaeoeey e eceo/aiea.Oaieii?iaiaeiinoue – yoi
ia?aiin yia?aee io aieaa iaa?aouo o/anoeia oaea e iaiaa iaa?aoui ca n/ao
oaieiaiai aeaeaeaiey e acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoeoe.Oi?iooth
oaieii?iaiaeiinoue eiatho iaoaeeu, o aeeaeeinoae oaieii?iaiaeiinoue
iaaaeeea, e iaeoth oaieii?iaiaeiinoue eiatho aacu. Noaiaiue
oaieii?iaiaeiinoe oae o/eouaaaony i?e eiino?oe?iaaiee iaoei, a
no?ieoaeueiii aeaea, oieiaeeeueiuo onoaiiaeao.Eiiaaeoeey – yoi i?ioeann
oaieiia?aaea/e iooai ia?aiina yia?aee iioieaie aeeaeeinoe eee aaca.
ssaeaiea eiiaaeoeee i?iyaeyaony i?e ioiieaiee e ioeaaeaeaiee aeeeuo
iiiauaiee, i?e ia?aciaaiee oyae a ia/iuo e caaiaeneeo o?oaao, a oaeaea
aao?ia a aoiinoa?a.Eceo/aiea – yoi i?ioeann ia?aiina yia?aee io iaeiiai
oaea e ae?oaiio n iiiiuueth oaieiauo (eio?ae?aniuo), aeaeeiuo e ae?oaeo
eo/ae. I?e iaeiie e oie aea oaiia?aoo?a oaea n oaiiie iiaa?oiinoueth
neeueiaa eceo/atho (iiaeiuatho) yia?aeth, /ai ni naaoeie. Yoi yaeaiea
o/eouaaaony /aeiaaeii a auoo (oeaao iaeaaeaeu io a?aiaie naciia), a
oaoieea (ie?anea oieiaeeeueieeia, naiieaoia, einie/aneeo ei?aaeae), a
caieaaeaeee (ia?ieee e oaieeoeu).
15. Ieaaeaiea e?enoaeee/aneeo oae e iauyniaiea yoiai i?ioeanna ia
iniiaa i?aaenoaaeaiee i no?iaiee aauanoaa. Oaeaeueiay oaieioa ieaaeaiey
16. Enia?aiea e eiiaeainaoeey. Iauyniaiea yoeo i?ioeannia ia iniiaa
i?aaenoaaeaiee i no?iaiee aauanoaa. Eeiaiea. Oaeaeueiay oaieioa
ia?iia?aciaaiey
– oaeaeueiay oaieioa ia?iia?aciaaiey. Iia iieacuaaao, eaeia eiee/anoai
oaieiou iaiaoiaeeii aeey i?aa?auaiey 1 ea aeeaeeinoe a ia? i?e
iinoiyiiie oaiia?aoo?a. Iia ecia?yaony a Aeae/ea, eAeae/ea.Iaeaieueoay
/anoue oaieiou ia?iia?aciaaiey ?anoiaeoaony ia ?ac?ua naycae iaaeaeo
/anoeoeaie, iaeioi?ay aa /anoue eaeao ia ?aaioo, niaa?oaaioth i?e
?anoe?aiee ia?a.N ?inoii aeaaeaiey oaiia?aoo?a eeiaiey aeeaeeinoe
iiauoaaony, a oaeaeueiay oaieioa ia?iia?aciaaiey oiaiueoaaony.
17. I?eioeei aeaenoaey oaieiaie iaoeiu. Eiyooeoeeaio iieaciiai
aeaenoaey oaieiauo iaoei. I?eia?u oaieiauo aeaeaaoaeae. Aeeyiea oaieiauo
iaoei ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo e niiniau oiaiueoaiey eo a?aaeiiai
aicaeaenoaey
; (
18. Yeaeo?ecaoeey oae. Aeaa ?iaea yeaeo?e/aneeo ca?yaeia. Yeaeo?e/aneee
oie a iaoaeeao e oneiaey aai nouanoaiaaiey. Aeaeu enoi/ieeia oiea
Yeaeo?ecaoeey oae i?e o?aiee (nii?eeiniiaaiee) iauyniyaony ia?aoiaeii
/anoe yeaeo?iiia n iaeiiai oaea ia ae?oaia. I?e yoii ia?aia oaei
ca?yaeaaony iieiaeeoaeueii, a aoi?ia - io?eoeaoaeueii. Noiia?iue aea
ca?yae aeaoo oae ia eciaiyaony, /oi yaeyaony i?iyaeaieai caeiia
nio?aiaiey yeaeo?e/aneiai ca?yaea. Iaeiieiaiii ca?yaeaiiua oaea (eee
/anoeoeu) iooaeeeaathony ae?oa io ae?oaa, a ?aciieiaiii ca?yaeaiiua -
i?eoyaeaathony. Eaaeaeue ec acaeiiaeaenoaothueo ca?yaeia nicaeaao a
ie?oaeathuai i?ino?ainoaa yeaeo?e/aneia iiea, eioi?ia ecia?aaeatho n
iiiiuueth neeiauo eeiee (ni. ?en.). Yoi iiea iaoa?eaeueii, iai?a?uaii a
i?ino?ainoaa, niiniaii aeaenoaiaaoue ia ae?oaea yeaeo?e/aneea ca?yaeu.
Iaoaee a oaa?aeii ninoiyiee eiaao e?enoaeee/aneia no?iaiea. A oceao
e?enoaeee/aneie ?aoaoee iaoaeea ?aniieiaeaiu iieiaeeoaeueiua eiiu, a a
i?ino?ainoaa iaaeaeo ieie aeaeaeoony naiaiaeiua yeaeo?iiu. A iau/iuo
oneiaeyo a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii nio?aiaiey ca?yaea iaoaee yeaeo?e/anee
iaeo?aeai. Anee a iaoaeea nicaeaoue yeaeo?e/aneia iiea, oi naiaiaeiua
yeaeo?iiu iiae aeaenoaeai yeaeo?e/aneeo nee (i?eoyaeaiey e iooaeeeaaiey)
ia/ioo aeaeaaoueny oii?yaei/aiea, o. a. i?aeiouanoaaiii a iaeiii
iai?aaeaiee. Oaeia aeaeaeaiea yeaeo?iiia iacuaaaony yeaeo?e/aneei oieii.
Nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey yeaeo?iiia - aei ianeieueeeo ieeeeiao?ia a
naeoiaeo, a nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey yeaeo?e/aneiai iiey 300 000 ei/n.
Iiyoiio i?e nicaeaiee yeaeo?e/aneiai iiey a i?iaiaeieea ana naiaiaeiua
yeaeo?iiu i?aeoe/anee iaeiia?aiaiii i?eaeoo a oii?yaei/aiiia aeaeaeaiea.
Aeey nicaeaiey iinoiyiiiai oiea a i?iaiaeieea iaiaoiaeeii a iai ana
a?aiy iiaeaea?aeeaaoue yeaeo?e/aneia iiea. Yeaeo?e/aneia iiea a
i?iaiaeieeao caieiooie yeaeo?e/aneie oeaie nicaeaaony e
iiaeaea?aeeaaaony n iiiiuueth enoi/ieeia iinoiyiiiai oiea. Iaeaieaa
oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a i?aeoeea iieo/eee: aaeueaaie/aneea yeaiaiou,
aeeoioeyoi?u, aaia?aoi?u, nieia/iua aaoa?ae. I?eioeei aeaenoaey eo
?aciue, iai?eia?, ia?aua aeaa aeaea enoi/ieeia oiea i?aia?acotho
oeie/aneoth, o?aoee - iaoaie/aneoth, /aoaa?oue - nieia/ioth yia?aeth a
yeaeo?e/aneoth.
19. ssaeaiea yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoeoeee. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey
yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoeoeee e aa eniieueciaaiea a oaoie/aneeo
ono?ienoaao
Anee yeaeo?e/aneee oie nicaeaao iaaieoiia iiea, oi iaeuecy ee n
iiiiuueth iaaieoiiai iiey iieo/eoue yeaeo?e/aneee oie? - oaeoth caaea/o
iinoaaee aiaeeeneee oecee Oa?aaeae, ociaa ia ioe?uoee Y?noaaea.
Iiiai/eneaiiua iiuou e ?acaeoiuey i?eaaee Oa?aaeay e oniaoo. Anee e
eaoooea n aieueoei /eneii aeoeia iiaeeeth/eoue aaeueaaiiiao?, oi,
ia?aiauay aaeieue eaoooee iinoiyiiue iaaieo (?en. 1), iiaeii
iaaethaeaoue ioeeiiaiea no?aeee i?eai?a, o. a. aicieeiiaaiea
eiaeoeoeeiiiiai yeaeo?e/aneiai oiea. I?e inoaiiaea iaaieoa oie
i?ae?auaaony, i?e aeaeaeaiee iaaieoa a ia?aoioth noi?iio iaiyaony
iai?aaeaiea oiea. Iiiai/eneaiiua iiuou iiaeoaa?aeaeatho, /oi i?e ethaii
eciaiaiee iaaieoiiai iiey, i?iiecuaathuaai eaoooee, a iae aicieeaao
eiaeoeoeeiiiue oie. Yoi yaeaiea iacaaee yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoeoeeae.
Iia aicieeaao i?e ia?aiauaiee iaaieoa (yeaeo?iiaaieoa) ioiineoaeueii
eaoooee eee eaoooee ioiineoaeueii iaaieoa; i?e caiueaiee - ?aciueaiee
oeaie eee eciaiaiee oiea ai aoi?ie eaoooea, anee iia iaoiaeeony ia
iaeiii aeaeaciii na?aea/ieea n ia?aie eaoooeie. ssaeaiea
yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoeoeee eaaeeo a iniiaa aeaenoaey eiaeoeoeeiiiuo
aaia?aoi?ia (iinoiyiiiai e ia?aiaiiiai oiea), o?ainoi?iaoi?ia,
iee?ioiiia e a?iieiaiai?eoaeae. Yeaeo?iaeeiaie/aneee iee?ioii (?en. 2)
ninoieo ec AI - ia?aciiai iinoiyiiiai iaaieoa 3, a i?iiaaeooea iaaeaeo
iiethnaie iaaieoa iaoiaeeony eaoooea 1, ea?ean eioi?ie niaaeeiai n
iaa?aiie 2. Iiae aeaenoaeai caoeia iaia?aia aoaeao eieaaaoueny e a
eaoooea aicieeaao eiaeoeoeeiiiue oie, eioi?ue oneeeaaaony n iiiiuueth
oneeeoaey ieceie /anoiou e aini?iecaiaeeony a?iieiaiai?eoaeai. Oaeei
ia?acii, iee?ioii i?aia?acoao iaoaie/aneoth yia?aeth caoeiauo eieaaaiee
a yeaeo?e/aneoth yia?aeth eiaeoeoeeiiiiai oiea.
20. Caeii Iia aeey o/anoea oeaie. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiia e ia?aeeaeueiia
niaaeei-a i?iaiaeieeia
Anee a oeaiue aeeth/aii ia?aeeaeueii o?e e aieaa ?acenoi?ia, oi iauaa
nii?ioeaeaiea iiaeao auoue iaeaeaii ii oi?ioea: 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
+ 1/RN. Ia?aeeaeueii niaaeeiythony naoaaua iio?aaeoaee, eioi?ua
?ann/eoaiu ia iai?yaeaiea, ?aaiia iai?yaeaieth naoe.
21. Caeiiu io?aaeaiey e i?aeiieaiey naaoa. Iieacaoaeue i?aeiieaiey.
I?aeoe/aneia eniieueciaaiea yoeo caeiiia
. Caeiiu io?aaeaiey naaoa o/eouaathony i?e iino?iaiee ecia?aaeaiey
i?aaeiaoa a ca?eaeao (ieineii, aiaiooii e auioeeii) e i?iyaeythony a
ca?eaeueiii io?aaeaiee a ia?eneiiao, a i?iaeaeoi?ao, aaoiiiaeeueiuo
oa?ao e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo oaoie/aneeo ono?ienoaao. Caeiiu i?aeiieaiey
naaoa o/eouaathony i?e iino?iaiee ecia?aaeaiey ai anaaiciiaeiuo eeicao,
i?eciao e eo niaieoiiinoe (iee?ineii, oaeaneii), a oaeaea a iioe/aneeo
i?eai?ao (aeiieee, niaeo?aeueiua aiia?aou, oioiaiia?aou e i?iaeoeeiiiua
aiia?aou).
22. Eeicu. Oieon eeicu. Iino?iaiea ecia?aaeaiee a niae?athuae eeica.
Eniieueciaaiea eeic a iioe/aneeo i?eai?ao
I?ic?a/iua oaea, ia?aie/aiiua aeaoiy noa?e/aneeie iiaa?oiinoyie,
iacuaathony eeicaie. Auioeeua eeicu, o eioi?uo na?aaeeia oieua, /ai
e?ay, yaeythony niae?athueie (?en. 1a), a aiaiooua eeicu, o eioi?uo
na?aaeeia oiiueoa, /ai e?ay, yaeythony ?annaeaathueie (?en. 1a). I?yiay,
i?ioiaeyuay /a?ac oeaio?u C1 e C2 noa?e/aneeo iiaa?oiinoae,
ia?aie/eaathueo eeico, iacuaaaony aeaaiie iioe/aneie inueth eeicu (?en.
2). Anee iai?aaeoue ia eeico io/ie eo/ae, ia?aeeaeueiuo iioe/aneie ine,
oi iinea aeaieiiai i?aeiieaiey iie niae?athony a iaeiie oi/ea,
iacuaaaiie oieonii eeicu F (?en. 3a). OF - oieoniia ?annoiyiea eeicu.
Oieon ?annaeaathuae eeicu iieiue (?en. 3a). Eeicu, oieueia eioi?uo
i?aiaa?aaeeii iaea ii n?aaiaieth n ?aaeeonaie e?eaeciu iiaa?oiinoae,
iacuaatho oiieeie. Aeey iino?iaiey ecia?aaeaiee a niae?athuae oiieie
eeica, oieonu e iioe/aneee oeaio? eioi?uo caaeaiu, aoaeai iieueciaaoueny
eo/aie, oiae eioi?uo ca?aiaa ecaanoai. Iino?iei ecia?aaeaiea i?aaeiaoa
AA (?en. 4). Aeey yoiai iai?aaei eo/ AC ia?aeeaeueii aeaaiie iioe/aneie
ine. Iinea i?aeiieaiey ii i?ieaeao /a?ac oieon eeicu. Ae?oaie eo/ AO
i?ioiaeeo /a?ac iioe/aneee oeaio? ia i?aeiieyynue. A oi/ea ia?ana/aiey
yoeo eo/ae aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny ecia?aaeaiea A1 oi/ee A. Ia neaaeoao
aeoiaoue, /oi ecia?aaeaiea nicaeaaony aeaoiy eee o?aiy eo/aie, iii
nicaeaaony aaneiia/iui iiiaeanoaii eo/ae, auoaaeoeo ec oi/ee A e
nia?aaoeony a oi/ea A1. Oaeia aea iino?iaiea iiaeii naeaeaoue aeey anao
oi/ae i?aaeiaoa, eioi?ua iaoiaeyony iaaeaeo oi/eaie A e B. Ecia?aaeaiea
yoeo i?iiaaeooi/iuo oi/ae aoaeao eaaeaoue iaaeaeo oi/eaie A1 e B1, o. a.
A1B1 - ecia?aaeaiea i?aaeiaoa AB. Io iieiaeaiey i?aaeiaoa ii ioiioaieth
e eeica caaeneo aai ecia?aaeaiea. Anee i?aaeiao iaoiaeeony ia ?annoiyiee
F
aeaaiuie /anoyie iioe/aneeo i?eai?ia, aeaca, eoiu, oioiaiia?aoa,
iee?ineiia e o. ae.
23. Yeaeo?e/aneia e iaaieoiia iiey. Enoi/ieee yoeo iieae e eiaeeeaoi?u
aeey eo iaia?oaeaiey. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey yoeo iieae
I?ino?ainoai, ie?oaeathuaa iayeaeo?eciaaiiia oaei, ioee/aaony io
i?ino?ainoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy aie?oa iaiayeaeo?eciaaiiuo oae. Eia/a
aiai?y, n eaaeaeui ca?yaeii iaycaoaeueii naycaii yeaeo?e/aneia iiea,
eioi?ia iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeaenoaoao n iaeioi?ie neeie ia ana inoaeueiua
ca?yaeu. Yeaeo?e/aneia iiea iaoa?eaeueii. Iii iiaeao auoue iaia?oaeaii
ii aai aicaeaenoaeth ia ca?yaeaiiua oaea. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony
neaaeothuei (iaeiei ec iiiai/eneaiiuo) iiuoii. Anee ca?yaeaiiie iaei/eie
i?eeiniooueny e iiaeaaoaiiie ia ieoe aeeueca (ec iaoaeee/aneie oieueae),
oi iia iooieeiaony. *ai aeeaea aeeueca e iaei/ea, oai n aieueoae neeie
aeaenoaoao ia iaa yeaeo?e/aneia iiea iaei/ee. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aaeece
ca?yaeaiiuo oae aeaenoaea iiey neeueiaa, a i?e oaeaeaiee io ieo iiea
ineaaaaaao. Yeaeo?e/aneia iiea enneaaeotho n iiiiuueth i?iaiiai ca?yaea,
iaoiaeyuaainy ia oa?eea iaeuo ?acia?ia. Iaaieoiia iiea i?iyaeyaony ieiei
iinoiyiiuo iaaieoia e i?iaiaeieeia, ii eioi?ui eaeao yeaeo?e/aneee oie.
Oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiui eiaeeeaoi?ii iaaieoiiai iiey yaeyaony iaaieoiay
no?aeea (eiiian). N iiiiuueth yoiai eiaeeeaoi?a iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue, /oi
?aciieiaiiua iaaieoiua iiethna i?eoyaeaathony, a iaeiieiaiiua –
iooaeeeaathony. Yoi acaeiiaeaenoaea iienuaaaony ii noaia: iaaieo – iiea
– iaaieo. Eia/a aiai?y, aie?oa iaaieoa nouanoaoao iaaieoiia iiea,
eioi?ia aeaenoaoao ia ae?oaea iaaieou, a /anoiinoe ia iaaieoiua no?aeee
eee iaiaaie/eaathueany /anoeoeu aeaeaca. Eae e yeaeo?e/aneia iiea,
iaaieoiia iiea iaoa?eaeueii. Yeaeo?e/aneea e iaaieoiua iiey ea?atho
eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeioth ?ieue a i?e?iaea e oaoieea. Yeaeo?e/aneea iiey
i?iyaeytho naay a aoiinoa?iii yeaeo?e/anoaa (eioaineaii ai a?aiy a?icu),
iaaieoiua – ai iiiaeo einie/aneeo yaeaieyo. A oaoieea yeaeo?e/aneea iiey
eniieuecothony i?e iie?anea ecaeaeee e a oeeueo?ao, iaaieoiua – a
yeaeo?iiaaieoao, yeaeo?e/aneeo aaia?aoi?ao e aeaeaaoaeyo. 1. Iaoaie/.
aeaeaeaiea, aai oa?-ee. Ioiineoaeueiinoue nei?inoe, ia?aiauaiey,
o?aaeoi?ee iaoaie/. aeaeaeaiey
2. Aeaeu iaoaie/. aeaeaeaiey – i?yiieeiaeiia ?aaiiia?iia, i?yiieeiaeiia
?aaiionei?aiiia, ?aaiiia?iia aeaeaeaiea ii ie?oaeiinoe
3. Caeiiu Iuethoiia. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey c-iia Iuethoiia a i?e?iaea e
eniieueciaaiea yoeo c-iia a oaoieea
4. Acaeiiaeaenoaea oae: neeu oyaeanoe, oi?oainoe, o?aiey. I?eia?u
i?iyaeaiey yoeo nee a i?e?iaea e oaoieea
5. Eiioeuen oaea. Caeii nio?ai. eiioeuena. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey c-ia
nio?ai. eiioeuena a i?e?iaea e eniieueciaaiey yoiai caeiia a oaoieea
6. Iaoaie/aneay ?aaioa e iiuiinoue. I?inoua iaoaieciu. EIAe i?inouo
iaoaieciia
7. Iaoaie/. eieaaaiey (ia i?eia?a iaoaiaoe/aneiai eee i?oaeeiiiai
iayoieeia). Oa?-ee eieaaaoaeueiuo aeaeaeaiee: aiieeooaea, ia?eiae,
/anoioa. Niioiioaiea iaaeaeo ia?eiaeii e /anoioie. A?aoee eieaaaiey
8. Iaoaie/. aieiu. Aeeeia aieiu, nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey aieiu e
niioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie. Caoeiaua aieiu. Yoi
9. Iioaioeeaeueiay e eeiaoe/aneay yia?aey. I?eia?u ia?aoiaea yia?aee ec
iaeiiai aeaea a ae?oaie. Caeii nio?aiaiey yia?aee
10. I?aaenoaaeaiey i aeene?aoiii ninoiyiee aauanoaa. Aaciia?aciia,
aeeaeeia e oaa?aeia ninoiyiey a-aa. Iiuoiia iainiiaaiea oa?-?a
aeaeaeaiey e acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoeoe, ec eioi?uo ninoiyo a-aa a
?acee/iuo aa?aaaoiuo ninoiyieyo
11. Ia?aaea/a aeaaeaiey aacaie, aeeaeeinoyie e oaa?aeuie oaeaie. Caeii
Ianeaey e aai i?eiaiaiea a aeae?aaee/aneeo iaoeiao
12. Aoiinoa?iia aeaaeaiea. I?eai?u aeey ecia?aiey aoiinoa?iiai
aeaaeaiey. Aicaeooiay iaiei/ea Caiee e aa ?ieue a aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe
/aeiaaea
13. Aeaenoaea aeeaeeinoae e aacia ia iia?oaeaiiia a ieo oaei.
A?oeiaaeiaa neea, i?e/eiu aa aicieeiiaaiey. Oneiaey ieaaaiey oae
14. Aioo?aiiyy yia?aey oae e niiniau aa eciaiaiey. Aeaeu oaieiia?aaea/e,
eo o/ao e eniieueciaaiea a auoo
15. Ieaaeaiea e?enoaeee/aneeo oae e iauyniaiea yoiai i?ioeanna ia iniiaa
i?aaenoaaeaiee i no?iaiee aauanoaa. Oaeaeueiay oaieioa ieaaeaiey
16. Enia?aiea e eiiaeainaoeey. Iauyniaiea yoeo i?ioeannia ia iniiaa
i?aaenoaaeaiee i no?iaiee aauanoaa. Eeiaiea. Oaeaeueiay oaieioa
ia?iia?aciaaiey
17. I?eioeei aeaenoaey oaieiaie iaoeiu. Eiyooeoeeaio iieaciiai aeaenoaey
oaieiauo iaoei. I?eia?u oaieiauo aeaeaaoaeae. Aeeyiea oaieiauo iaoei ia
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo e niiniau oiaiueoaiey eo a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey
18. Yeaeo?ecaoeey oae. Aeaa ?iaea yeaeo?e/aneeo ca?yaeia. Yeaeo?e/aneee
oie a iaoaeeao e oneiaey aai nouanoaiaaiey. Aeaeu enoi/ieeia oiea
19. ssaeaiea yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoeoeee. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey
yeaeo?iiaaieoiie eiaeoe-oeee e aa eniieueciaaiea a oaoie/aneeo
ono?ienoaao
20. Caeii Iia aeey o/anoea oeaie. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiia e ia?aeeaeueiia
niaaeeiaiea i?iaiaeieeia
21. Caeiiu io?aaeaiey e i?aeiieaiey naaoa. Iieacaoaeue i?aeii.
I?aeoe/aneia eniieueciaaiea yoeo cae-ia
22. Eeicu. Oieon E. Iino?iaiea ecia?aaeaiee a niae?athuae E.
Eniieueciaaiea E. a iioe/aneeo i?eai?ao
23. Yeaeo?e/. e iaaieoi. iiey. Enoi/ieee yoeo iieae e eiaeeeaoi?u aeey
eo iaia?oaeaiey. I?eia?u i?iyaeaiey yoeo iieae
1. ?an/ao aeaaeaiey oaa?aeiai oaea
Ianna /aeiaaea 90 ea, ieiuaaeue iiaeioa aai iia ?aaia 60 ni2. Eaeia
aeaaeaiea /aeiaae i?iecaiaeeo ia iie? Eae eciaieony cia/aiea aeaaeaiey,
anee /aeiaae aoaeao noiyoue ia iaeiie iiaa.
=15(104 I/i2=15(104 Ia=150 eIa.
Anee /aeiaae aoaeao noiyoue ia iaeiie iiaa, oi ieiuaaeue iii?u
oiaiueoeony a aeaa ?aca. Cia/eo, aeaaeaiea oaaee/eony a aeaa ?aca e
noaiao ?aaiui 300 eIa. 2. ?an/ao neeu aoiinoa?iiai aeaaeaiey ia
ieineinoue
Ii?aaeaeeoa, n eaeie neeie aoiinoa?iue aicaeoo aeaaeo ia iiaa?oiinoue
noiea ?acia?aie 120×50 ni2. Ii?iaeueiia aoiinoa?iia aeaaeaiea 760 ii ?o.
no.
= 6078 I(6 eI
3. ?an/ao aeaaeaiey aioo?e aeeaeeinoe
Iiaeaiaeiay eiaeea iaoiaeeony a ii?a ia aeoaeia 300 i. Ii?aaeaeeoa
aeaaeaiea aiaeu ia iaa.
(309(104 I/i2=3,09(106 Ia. 4. ?an/ao eiee/anoaa oaieiou, eioi?ia
iio?aaoaony aeey ieaaeaiey oaa?aeiai oaea i?e oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiey
Eaeia eiee/anoai oaieiou iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ?anieaaeoue eaaeyioth aeuao
iannie 12,5 o i?e oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiey? Oaeaeueiay oaieioa ieaaeaiey
eueaea 332 eAeae/ea.
Aeaii:m=12,5 o; (=332 eAeae/ea; Q – ? NE: m=12500 ea; (=332000 Aeae/ea.
?aoaiea: Q=((m; Q=12500 ea(332000 Aeae/ea = 415(107 Aeae = 4,15(106
eAeae.
5. ?an/ao eiee/anoaa oaieiou, eioi?ia o?aaoaony aeey iaa?aaaiey
aeeaeeinoe aei oaiia?aoo?u eeiaiey
Eaeia eiee/anoai oaieiou iio?aaoaony aeey iaa?aaaiey 10 e aiaeu io 200
aei eeiaiey.
= 4,2(80(104 Aeae = 3,36(106 Aeae = 3,36(103 eAeae. 6. I?eiaiaiea
caeiia Iia aeey o/anoea oeaie
7. I?eiaiaiea oi?ioe iaoaie/aneie ?aaiou e iiuiinoe aeey neo/ay
aeaeaeaiey aaoiiiaeey n iinoiyiiie nei?inoueth
Neea oyae iioi? aaoiiaoeiu ?aaia 2(103 I. Aaoiiaoeia aeaeaeaony
?aaiiia?ii ni nei?inoueth 72 ei//. Eaeiaa iiuiinoue iioi?a aaoiiiaeey e
?aaioa, niaa?oaiiay ei ca 10 n?
= F(v; N = 2(103 I(20 i/c = 4(104 Ao = 40 eAo. 9. I?eiaiaiea aoi?iai
caeiia Iuethoiia a neo/aa, eiaaea oaei aeaeaeaony i?yiieeiaeii iiae
aeaenoaeai iaeiie neeu
Ia iieiyuaany oaei iannie 0,2 ea aeaenoaoao a oa/aiea 5 n neea 0,1 I.
Eaeoth nei?inoue i?eia?aoao oaei e eaeie iooue i?ieaeao iii ca oeacaiiia
a?aiy?
=6,25 i.
10. I?eiaiaiea caeiia nio?aiaiey eiioeuena i?e iaoi?oaii noieeiiaaiee
oae
Aaaii iannie 20 o, aeaeaeoueeny ni nei?inoueth 0,3 i/n, iaaiiyao aaa.
iannie 30 o, aeaeaeoueeny ni nei?inoueth 0,2 i/n. Eaeiaa nei?inoue
aaaiiia iinea acaeiiaeaenoaey, anee oaea? iaoi?oaee?
= 0,24 i/n 11. I?eiaiaiea caeiia nio?ai-y iaoaie/. yia?aee i?e
naiaiaeiii iaaeaiee oae
Oaei iannie 1 ea iaaeaao n auniou 20 i iaae caieae. Au/eneeoue
eeiaoe/aneoth yia?aeth oaea a iiiaio, eiaaea iii iaoiaeeony ia aunioa 10
i iaae caieae, e a iiiaio iaaeaiey ia caieth.
= 100 Aeae; EK1 = 200 Aeae – 100 Aeae = 100 Aeae; A iecoae oi/ea EI2 =
0; EK2 = EI = 200 Aeae.
12. ?an/ao oaeaeueiiai nii?ioeaeaiey i?iaiaeieea
Nie?aeue yeaeo?e/aneie ieeoee ecaioiaeaia ec ieo?iiiaie i?iaieiee
aeeeiie 13,75 i e ieiuaaeueth iiia?a/iiai na/aiey 0,1 ii2. *aio ?aaii
nii?ioeaeaiea nie?aee?
= 151,25 Ii. 13. ?an/ao iiuiinoe e ?aaiou yeaeo?e/aneiai oiea
Yeaeo?e/aneee ootha ?ann/eoai ia iai?yaeaiea 220 A. Nii?ioeaeaiea aai
iaa?aaaoaeueiiai yeaiaioa ?aaii 88 Ii. Ii?aaeaeeoa yia?aeth,
iio?aaeyaioth oothaii ca 30 iei, e aai iiuiinoue.
= 2,5 A ( 220 A ( 0,5 / = 275 Ao(/ = 0,275 eAo(/; P = 2,5 A ( 220 A =
550 Ao.
14. ?an/ao eiee/anoaa oaieiou, auaeaeyaiie yeaeo?e/aneei iaa?aaaoeai
Ii i?iaiaeieeo nii?ioeaeaieai 4 Ii a oa/aiea 2 iei i?ioei 500 Ee
yeaeo?e/anoaa. Neieueei oaieiou auaeaeeo i?iaiaeiee?
( 25(102 Aeae = 2,5 eAeae. 15. Ii?aaeaeaiea iniiai. ia?ai-?ia
aa?iiie/aneiai eieaa. aeaeae. ii aai a?aoeeo
1. ?an/ao aeaaeaiey oaa?aeiai oaea
2. ?an/ao neeu aoiinoa?iiai aeaaeaiey ia ieineinoue
3. ?an/ao aeaaeaiey aioo?e aeeaeeinoe
4. ?an/ao eie-aa oaieiou, o?aaoaiiai aeey ieaae. oa. oaea i?e oaii-?a
ieaa-y
5. ?an/ao eie-aa oaieiou, o?aaoaiiai aeey iaa?aaaiey aeeaeeinoe aei
oaii-?u eeiaiey
6. I?eiaiaiea caeiia Iia aeey o/anoea oeaie
7. I?eiaiaiea oi?ioe iaoaie/aneie ?aaiou e iiuiinoe aeey neo/ay
aeaeaeaiey aaoiiiaeey n iinoiyiiie nei?inoueth
8. *oaiea e eioa?iieyoeey a?aoeeia caaeneiinoe eeiaiaoe/aneeo aaee/ei
(ia?aiauaiey e nei?inoe) io a?aiaie
9. I?eiaiaiea aoi?iai caeiia Iuethoiia a neo/aa, eiaaea oaei aeaeaeaony
i?yiieeiaeii iiae aeaenoaeai iaeiie neeu
10. I?eiaiaiea caeiia nio?aiaiey eiioeuena i?e iaoi?oaii noieeiiaaiee
oae
11. I?eiaiaiea caeiia nio?aiaiey iaoaie/aneie yia?aee i?e naiaiaeiii
iaaeaiee oae
12. ?an/ao oaeaeueiiai nii?ioeaeaiey i?iaiaeieea
13. ?an/ao iiuiinoe e ?aaiou yeaeo?e/aneiai oiea
14. ?an/ao eiee/anoaa oaieiou, auaeaeyaiie yeaeo?e/aneei iaa?aaaoeai
15. Ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo ia?aiao?ia aa?iiie/aneiai eieaa. aeaeaeaiey ii
aai a?aoeeo 8. *oaiea e eioa?iieyoeey a?aoeeia caaeneiinoe
eeiaiaoe/aneeo aaee/ei (ia?aiauaiey e nei?inoe) io a?aiaie
Ii a?aoeeo ia?aiauaiey ?aaiiia?ii aeaeaeouaainy oaea (ni. ?en.)
ii?aaeaeeoa: a) ia?aiauaiea oaea ca 5 /; a) nei?inoue oaea.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
