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Финансовая политика

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A ianoiyuaa a?aiy, eiaaea ?inney iaoiaeeony a i?ioeanna i?aia?aciaaiey
naiaai iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, i?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui
?anniio?aiea e aiaeec ca?oaaaeiiai e ioa/anoaaiiiai iiuoa i?aaiecaoeee
e no?ieoaeuenoaa nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai i?ino?ainoaa. Oniaoiia
inouanoaeaiea yeiiiie/aneie ?aoi?iu ai iiiaii naycaii n aeinoeaeaieai
oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee.

A nayce n yoei, n/eoaao aaoi? ?aoa?aoa, i?aaeoaeuenoao iaiaoiaeeii
?ac?aaioaoue /aoeoth oeiainiaoth no?aoaaeth, oi anoue aeieaia?aiaiiue
eo?n oeiainiaie iieeoeee, ?ann/eoaiiue ia ia?niaeoeao e
i?aaeoniao?eaathuee ?aoaiea e?oiiiianooaaiuo caaea/, ii?aaeaeaiiuo
yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie no?aoaaeae ainoaea?noaa.

Iaeiaei aeey i?aaeeueiiai inouanoaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo ia?aae oeiainiaie
iieeoeeie caaea/ o?aaoaony /aoeee e aeoaieee iiaeoiae e iiieiaieth
nouiinoe, oeaeae e iaoaiecia ?aaeecaoeee oeiainiaie iieeoeee, a oaeaea
yeaiaioia, aa ninoaaeythueo. Ii?aaeaeaiiue eioa?an i?aaenoaaeyao iiuo
inouanoaeaiey oeiainiauo ia?ii?eyoee ca ?oaaaeii. Aeey noaiiaeaiey
?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu, ianiiiaiii, aoaeao iieacii
eniieueciaaiea oe?ieiai iiuoa ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa, oaea nicaeaaoeo o
naay aeinoaoi/ii oniaoii ooieoeeiie?othuea athaeaeaoiua i?aaiu.

Ianiiiaiii, oieueei iao/iue iiaeoiae , ciaiea e eco/aiea anao
oaeoi?ia, ii?aaeaeythueo iieeoeeo, neoaeao aa?aioeae oiio, /oi aa
ioiineoaeueiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue ia ia?a?anoao a iacaaeneiinoue io
iauaeoeaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee. Iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi io?ua
oeiainiaie iieeoeee io yeiiiieee iai?a/eaaaony na?ueaciuie
yeiiiie/aneeie o?oaeiinoyie, iaecaaaeii naea?aeeaaao ?aaeecaoeeth
aiciiaeiinoae. caeiaeaiiuo a iineaaeiae. Iao/iue iiaeoiae e au?aaioea
oeiainiaie iieeoeee i?aaeiieaaaao aa niioaaonoaey caeiiiia?iinoyi
iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey, iinoiyiiue o/ao auaiaeia oeiainiaie oai?ee.
Ia?ooaiea yoiai aaaeiaeoaai o?aaiaaiey i?eaiaeeo e aieueoei iioa?yi a
ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa.

A iineaaeiea aiaeu aii?inai i?iaaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie oeiainiaie
iieeoeee e i?iaeaiai oeiainiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee ia?aoiaeiiai
ia?eiaea iinayuaaony cia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai ioaeeeaoeee. Iaeiaei
aaeeinoaa iiaiee ii oai?aoe/aneei aniaeoai yoiai aii?ina ia aeinoeaiooi.

Oae, e?oiiua caiaaeiua yeiiiienou ia aeatho /aoeiai ii?aaeaeaiey
oeiainiaie iieeoeee. Iai?eia?, N. Oeoa?, ?. Aei?iaoo e ?.Oiaeaice ia
auaeaeytho oeiainiaoth iieeoeeo eae naiinoiyoaeueiia iiiyoea. A oi aea
a?aiy iie iiaeoiaeyo e enneaaeiaaieth aeaiiie oaiu, ?anoe?yy
ii?aaeaeaiea oeneaeueiie iieeoeee. Iie ieooo, /oi oeneaeueiay iieeoeea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?aoaiey, i?eieiaaiua ainoaea?noaii ioiineoaeueii
naieo ?anoiaeia e aeioiaeia. Aiaeiae/ii ?anniao?eaatho oeacaiioth
i?iaeaio e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea i?aaenoaaeoaee ca?oaaaeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
oeie. A /anoiinoe E. ?. Iaeeiiiaee e N. E. A?th niaiauatho iiiyoey
oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiie e oeneaeueiie iieeoeee, ii?aaeaeyy eo eae
eciaiaiey, aiineiua i?aaeoaeuenoaii a ii?yaeie ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia e iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iaania/aiea iieiie
caiyoinoe e iaeioeyoeeiiiiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa. Ianiiiaiii,
oaeay o?aeoiaea aucuaaao ?yae iaii?aaeaeaiiinoae a iniciaiee nouiinoe
oeiainiaie iieeoeee.

Ia?enenou, aeaeyo iiae oeiainiaie iieeoeeie a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
niaieoiiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii noaaeeecaoeee oeiainiauo
?ano?nia, eo ?ani?aaeaeaieth e eniieueciaaieth aeey inouanoaeaiey
ainoaea?noaii aai ooieoeee, oeacuaay , /oi nioeeaeueiay iai?aaeaiiinoue
e yooaeoeaiinoue aicaeaenoaey oeiainiaie iieeoeee ia ?acaeoea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee ii?aaeaeythony
iauaeoeaiuie caeiiiia?iinoyie yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey,
iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneei no?iai no?aiu. Oai ia iaiaa no?ieiinoue
?annoaeaeaiee, ii iiaieth aaoi?a ?aoa?aoa, ia?ooaaony, eiaaea a
ia?enenoneie oeiea oeneaeueiay iieeoeea o?aeooaony eae niaieoiiinoue
oeiainiauo ia?ii?eyoee ao?aeoaciiai ainoaea?noaa ii ?aaoee?iaaieth
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia e aeioiaeia aeey aeinoeaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo oeaeae. I?e yoii iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi a iae
iaoiaeeo au?aaeaiea oeiainiaue aniaeo yeiiiie/aneeo ooieoeee
ao?aeoaciiai ainoaea?noaa.

Oaeei ia?acii, a ia?enenoneie o?aeoiaea oeiainiaie iieeoeee oaeaea iao
iieiie /aoeinoe, oae eae noa?a aeaenoaey oeneaeueiie iieeoeee
i?aeoe/anee niaiaaeaao n iaeanoueth oeiainiaie iieeoeee, a iaieo neo/ayo
i?aaenoaaeyy niaie, niaieoiiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo ia? ii ?aaoee?iaaieth
e ?ani?aaeaeaieth oeiainiauo ?ano?nia. Niaiaaeaiea iiiyoee iauyniyaony
oai, /oi ?ani?aaeaeaiea iiae?acoiaaaao oi?aaeaiea ii aeioiaeai e
?anoiaeai, oi anoue aeey oiai, /oiau ?ani?aaeaeeoue /oi-eeai o?aaoaony
ecia/aeueii yoi iieo/eoue (aeioiae), a aeaeaa ia?aaeaoue (?anoiae).

Oaeea ii?aaeaeaiey oeiainiaie iieeoeee iiaeoaa?aeaeathony aa iniiaiuie
oeaeyie, e eioi?ui iiaeii ioianoe neaaeothuea:

1) Iiauoaiea iauaia e yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.
Iineaaeiaa i/aiue aaaeii aeey i?iaa?ee aicaeaenoaey oeiainiaie iieeoeee
ia yeiiiieeo. Ioeac io o/aoa iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?e ?ac?aaioea e i?iaaaeaiee oeiainiaie iieeoeee
iiaeao i?eaanoe e ?aniueaieth n?aaenoa, nie?auaieth enoi/ieeia
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iinoiyiii ?anooueo yeiiiie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo
iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa.

2) Icaei?iaeaiea e no?oeoo?iay ia?ano?ieea yeiiiieee: iiauoaiea a iauai
iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa aeiee io?aneae aoi?ie a?oiiu, nieaeaiea cao?ao ia
AIE, oii?yaei/eaaiea aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey, e a ia?niaeoeaa
ainnoaiiaeaiea eiiaa?oe?oaiinoe ?oaey.

3) Aeinoeaeaiea aieaa aunieiai o?iaiy aeecie ianaeaiey ia iniiaa
?acaeoey io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Nioeeaeueiay
iai?aaeaiiinoue oeiainiaie no?aoaaee i?iyaeyaony ia oieueei a ecuneaiee
aiciiaeiinoae oaaee/aiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, iai?aaeyaiuo ia iiauoaiea
aeaaininoiyiey ia?iaea, ii e a iiaii iiaeoiaea e aeaaiie oeaee
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee . O?iaaiue aeecie aunooiaao oaia?ue aaee/eiie,
ii?aaeaeythuae ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa, iai?aaeaiea e no?oeoo?o
eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.

Iaeioi?ua yeiiiienou auaeaeytho oaeaea e ae?oaea oeaee i?iaaaeaiey
oeiainiaie iieeoeee, oaeea eae: nieaeaiea oaiiia eioeyoeee (/aio
iniaaiii iiiai aieiaiea oaeaeyaony a ianoiyuaa a?aiy, oae eae iineaaeiyy
nae/an i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeii ec oao cie, /oi iaeaieaa oa?iaeatho
aeaaininoiyieth a?aaeaeai), naeaaeeaaiea yeiiiie/aneeo oeeeeia (i?e yoii
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iiieiaaony eniieueciaaiea oeiainiaie iieeoeee a
ea/anoaa eino?oiaioa aeey ai?ueau ni niaaeaie). Iaeiaei eaaei caiaoeoue,
/oi oeacaiiua oeaee yaeythony ii naiae nooe i?iecaiaeiuie io caaea/e
oeiainiaie iieeoeee iaania/eoue aunieia aeaaininoiyiea anaai ianaeaiey

Eoae, enoiaey ec auoaneacaiiiai, aaoi?o ?aoa?aoa i?aaenoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiui ii?aaeaeeoue oeiainiaoth iieeoeeo eae ainoaea?noaaiiia
?aaoee?iaaiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia n oeaeueth iiauoaiey o?iaiy aeecie
a?aaeaeai.

Iio?aaiinoue a ?ac?aaioea e nenoaiaoe/aneii i?iaaaeaiee oeiainiaie
iieeoeee aicieeea n ?acaeoeai eaieoaeecia. Iaiin?aaenoaaiiue oie/ie e
ninoaaeaieth e inouanoaeaieth i?ia?aii oeiainiaie iieeoeee aeae
yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen 1929 — 1933, iinoaaeaoee iiae niiiaiea niiniaiinoue
?uii/iie nenoaiu e naii?aaoee?iaaieth aac aeoeaiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa
ainoaea?noaa a yeiiiie/aneoth aeeciue. Naia oai?aoe/aneia iainiiaaiea
i?eioeeiu oeiainiaie iieeoeee iieo/eee a ?aaioao Ae. I. Eaeina e aai
iineaaeiaaoaeae. A 30 — 40-ua aiaeu caaea/e oeiainiaie iieeoeee
i?aeiouanoaaiii naiaeeeenue e ineaaeaieth aeeyiey e?ecenia
ia?ai?iecaiaenoaa ia yeiiiieeo, iiaeaea?aeaieth aunieie oicyenoaaiiie
aeoeaiinoe e ?anoe?aieth ieaoaaeiiai ni?ina. E 60-ui aiaeai aeoeaio
nianoeeny, e iniiaiie aa caaea/ae noaiiaeony aeinoeaeaiea aunieie
caiyoinoe e noeioee?iaaiea oaaee/aiey oaiiia yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa. N
70-uo aea aiaeia, aeeth/ay oaeaea nia?aiaiioth oeiainiaie iieeoeeo,
i?ei?eoaoiui iai?aaeaieai noaea ai?ueaa n eioeyoeeae a niaieoiiinoe n
i?aaeieie caaea/aie: iaania/aieai aunieie caiyoinoe, noeioee?iaaieai
yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, au?aaieaaieai ieaoaaeiiai aaeaina e ae?oaeie.

Eoae, enoiaey ec caaea/, iinoaaeaiiuo ia?aae oeiainiaie iieeoeee
aaaeouea yeiiiienou ?acaeaeytho iineaaeithth ia o?e aeaea: iieeoeea
yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, iieeoeea noaaeeecaoeee e iieeoeea ia?aie/aiey
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe.

Iiae ia?aie, oi anoue iieeoeeie yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa iiieiatho nenoaio
oeiainiauo ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia oaaee/aiea oaeoe/aneeo iauaiia aaeiaiai
iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa e iiauoaiea o?iaiy caiyoinoe. Aeaiiay
noeioee?othuay oeiainiaay iieeoeea aeeth/aao:

— ?ino ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia;

— nieaeaiea iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie.

Ae?oaeie neiaaie, anee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eiaaony naaeaine?iaaiiue
athaeaeao, oeiainiaay iieeoeea aeieaeia aeaeaaoueny a iai?aaeaiee
athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa a ia?eiae niaaea eee aeai?annee.

Iieeoeea noaaeeecaoeee i?aaeiieaaaao oi?ie?iaaiea aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee
aeey iinoaiaiiiai oaaee/aiey iauaia AAI e eiaanoeoeee a iniiaiie
eaieoae, ?ino iauaia i?iiuoeaiiiai e naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, nieaeaiea oaiiia eioeyoeee e aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa ,
oe?aieaiea iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou e , eae neaaenoaea, oaaee/aiea aeiee
?anoiaeia ia eiia/iia iio?aaeaiea aeiiaoieo oicyenoa a eniieuecoaiii
AAI. A ?acoeueoaoa ?aaeecaoeee iieeoeee oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee a
?innee aeieaeiu auoue nicaeaiu yeiiiie/aneea i?aaeiinueee aeey iiauoaiey
caiyoinoe e aeioiaeia ianaeaiey, ?anoe?aiey iaeiaiaie aacu e oaaee/aiey
n?aaenoa, iai?aaeyaiuo ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu e ?acaeoea nioeeaeueiie
noa?u. A naith i/a?aaeue, oeo/oaiea nioeeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey
aaniethoiiai aieueoeinoaa a?aaeaeai nicaeano aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey
onoie/eaiai ?acaeoey yeiiiieee no?aiu, oaaee/aiey iauaia
ieaoaaeaniiniaiiai ni?ina ianaeaiey ia oiaa?u e oneoae.

A oa/aiea iineaaeieo eao iieeoeea oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee yaeyaony
i?ei?eoaoiui iai?aaeaieai a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O, eioi?ia
iuoaaony nicaeaoue oneiaey aeey oe?ieiianooaaiuo eiaanoeoeee, /oi a
naith i/a?aaeue nicaeano iauaeoeaiua i?aaeiinueee aeey ia/aea
yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa e aoaeao niinianoaiaaoue ?ane?uoeth nioeeaeueiie
i?e?iaeu ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. Oeneaeueiay iieeoeea, eniieuecothuay a
ea/anoaa eino?oiaioa ainoaea?noaaiiua ?anoiaeu, eioi?ua aeeytho ia
niaieoiiue ni?in, eiaao a iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneeo e?oaao ?innee iiiai
noi?iiieeia e iia i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo iiaeao ioaa/aoue oai
?aaeeyi, eioi?ua neiaeeeenue a yeiiiieea ?innee a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai
ia?eiaea. Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea ioiaoeoue, /oi aaniethoiia aieueoeinoai
niaoeeaeenoia eae ?inneeneeo, oae e ca?oaaaeiuo caieiathueony
ainoaea?noaaiiuie oeiainaie, n/eoatho, /oi ca ?aaeecaoeeth
noaaeeecaoeeiiiie ooieoeee a iauanoaa, o.a. iaania/aiea iieiie
caiyoinoe, yeiiiie/aneee ?ino, ieieiaeueioth eioeyoeeth, aeieaeii ianoe
ioaaonoaaiiinoue oaaea?aeueiia i?aaeoaeuenoai.

I?e yoii auei au iaaa?ii n/eoaoue, /oi iieeoeea noaaeeecaoeee iiaeiaiyao
noeioee?othuoth e naea?aeeaathuoth oeiainiaoth iieeoeeo a eo no?aieaiee
e au?aaieaaieth yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee a ainoaea?noaa, oae eae iaaeaeo
aeaiiuie iiiyoeyie nouanoaotho na?ueaciua ?acee/ey. Iai?eia?, iieeoeea
yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa iiaeao i?iaiaeeoueny ainoaea?noaii e a ia?eiae,
eiaaea naienoaaiiue no?aia iauai i?iecaiaenoaa oaea i?aauoai e
i?iecaiaenoai no?aieony e aai iioaioeeaeueiiio o?iaith, a oi a?aiy eae
noaaeeecaoeeiiiay iieeoeea oaeeo oeaeae i?aneaaeiaaoue ia eiaao i?aaa.

A naith i/a?aaeue iieeoeea ia?aie/aiey aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, iai?ioea
iai?aaeaia ia oiaiueoaiea ?aaeueiiai iauaia AII ii n?aaiaieth n aai
iioaioeeaeueiui o?iaiai e i?eiaiyaony i?aaeoaeuenoaii a ia?eiae iiaeuaia
eee aoia n oeaeueth ecaaaeaiey e?ecena ia?ai?iecaiaenoaa, e eioeyoeee
aicieeathuae aianoa n ecauoi/iui ni?inii.

Naea?aeeaathuay iieeoeea iiae?acoiaaaao:

— oiaiueoaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia;

— oaaee/aiea iaeiaia.

Eia/a aiai?y, oeiainiaay iieeoeea aeieaeia i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia
iieiaeeoaeueiia naeueaei i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiiai athaeaeaoa, anee ia?aae
yeiiiieeie noieo caaea/a eiio?iey iaae eioeyoeeae.

Oaia?ue, ?anniio?aa eaeea aeaeu oeiainiaie iieeoeee i?eiaiyao
i?aaeoaeuenoai a oie eee eiie neooaoeee, neiaeeaoaeny a iaoeeiiaeueiie
yeiiiieea, neaaeoao iiae?iaiaa inoaiiaeoueny ia naiii iaoaiecia
aicaeaenoaey oeiainiaie iieeoeee ia oicyenoai no?aiu.

Eoae, ?aaeecaoeey oeiainiaie iieeoeee i?iaiaeeony a o?e yoaia:

1. Au?aaioea iao/ii iainiiaaiiuo eiioeaioeee ?acaeoey oeiainia,
eioi?ay oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa eco/aiey o?aaiaaiee yeiiiie/aneeo caeiiia,
ananoi?iiiaai aiaeeca ia?niaeoea niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e
ninoiyiey iio?aaiinoae ianaeaiey.

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee eniieueciaaiey oeiainia ia
ia?niaeoeao e oaeouee ia?eiae, oi anoue au?aaioea no?aoaaee e oaeoeee
oeiainiaie iieeoeee. Caeanue, enoiaey ec iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae o/eouaatho
aiciiaeiinoe ?inoa e iaaeaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, a oaeaea aiaoiea e
aioo?aiiea iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneea oaeoi?u.

3. Nianoaaiii inouanoaeaiea i?aeoe/aneeo aeaenoaee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
aeinoeaeaiea iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae.

Anoanoaaiii, /oi i?yiia aeeyiea oeiainiaie iieeoeee ia yeiiiieeo
ia/eiaaony eeoue ia o?aoueai yoaia, ii ii?aaeaeyaony iii niaea?aeaieai
aeaoo i?aaeuaeoueo nooiaiae. Iaeiaei oaeie iaoaieci aa?ai oieueei
/anoe/ii, oae eae ia o/eouaaao ana aiciiaeiinoe oeiainiaiai
?aaoee?iaaiey.

Aaaeiie ninoaaiie /anoueth oeiainiaie iieeoeee yaeyaony onoaiiaeaiea
oeiainiaiai iaoaiecia, i?e iiiiue eioi?iai i?ienoiaeeo inouanoaeaiea
anae aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa a iaeanoe oeiainia. Oeiainiaue iaoaieci
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nenoaio onoaiiaeaiiuo ainoaea?noaii oi?i, aeaeia e
iaoiaeia i?aaiecaoeee oeiainiauo ioiioaiee. Nouanoaoao aeaa oeia
oeiainiaiai iaoaiecia :

a) iaoaieci i?e eioi?ii iieeoeea, i?iaiaeeony iaiin?aaenoaaiii
i?aaeoaeuenoaii;

a) iaoaieci ano?iaiiuo noaaeeecaoi?ia.

Iienaiiue auoa niinia ?aaeecaoeee oeiainiaie iieeoeee, ianiiiaiii,
ioiineony e ia?aiio oeio iaoaiecia . Aeey aoi?iai aea ii aoaeao
aaniethoii iaaa?ai, /oi iauyniyaony iniaaiiinoyie iineaaeiaai.

Iiae iaoaieciii ia?aiai oeia iiieiatho ?yae niiniaiinoae iaeiaiaie
nenoaiu e naiinoiyoaeueiie noaaeeecaoeee, oi anoue iaeioi?ua aa
iniaaiiinoe, iicaieythuea ?aaoee?iaaoue yeiiiie/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue
a no?aia aac iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa eaeeo-eeai oi?aaeythueo
i?aaiia.

E?iia iaeiaiaiai nouanoaoao aua ?yae aaaeiuo ano?iaiiuo noaaeeecaoi?ia,
eioi?ua a naiae niaieoiiinoe o?aaiiaaoeaatho yeiiiie/aneoth nenoaio
no?aiu. N?aaee ieo iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea /aou?a, a eiaiii:

1. Nioeeaeueiua auieaou, aeeth/ay iiniaey ii aac?aaioeoea.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, iaeiae, ca n/ao eioi?uo oeiaine?othony iiniaey ii
aac?aaioeoea ?acei aic?anoatho, eiaaea caiyoinoue auniea. Iiyoiio
?aca?aiue oiiae ?anoao a ia?eiae aoia e ieacuaaao aeaaeaiea ia neeoeii
aieueoea ?anoiaeu, naea?aeeaay eioeyoeeth. Iaiai?io, a ia?eiae neaaie
caiyoinoe ?aca?aiue oiiae eniieuecoaony aeey auieaou aeioiaeia, /ai
oaaee/eaaao ieaoaaeaniiniaiue ni?in, iiaeaea?aeeaay iio?aaeaiea, /oi
aaaeao e nieaeaieth oaiiia iaaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaa, oai naiui niya/ay
niaae.

2. Aeooaeueiua aeey ?acaeouo eaieoaeenoe/aneeo no?ai i?ia?aiiu iiiiue
oa?ia?ai: eiaaea ieaoaaeaniiniaiue ni?in nie?auaaony e oeaiu ia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?iaeoeou iaaeatho, oaaea?aeueiia i?aaeoaeuenoai
noaneaee?oao oa?ia?ia, iiaeiuay eceeoee i?iaeoeoeee, eiaaea aea
iaaeaeaaaony eioeyoeey e oeaiu ?anooo, ainoaea?noai aua?anuaaao ia ?uiie
caeoieaiioth ?aiaa i?iaeoeoeeth, iiaeiuay eceeoiea aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa,
/oi ineaaeyao ethaoth oaiaeaioeeth a yeiiiieea. E niaeaeaieth oaeie
noaaeeecaoi? ia oa?aeoa?ai aeey ioa/anoaaiiie yeiiiieee, oae eae
?inneeneia naeueneia oicyenoai ia no?aaeaao e?ecenaie ia?ai?iecaiaenoaa.

3. Yooaeo iaaeaaeiinoe eiiiaiee. I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi n oeaeueth
nicaeaiey eeethcee noaaeeueiiai aeioiaea ei?ii?aoeee, aeoeeiia?iua
iauanoaa ae?oaea iiaeiaiua th?eaee/aneea eeoea nio?aiytho i?aaeiee
o?iaaiue auiea/eaaaiuo aeeaeaeaiaeia, aeaaea anee eo aeioiaeu iaiythony
a oa/aiea ei?ioeiai io?acea a?aiaie. Yoi aaaeao e ineaaeaieth ni?ina ia
oiaa?u e oneoae, eioi?ue eia/a aue au i?aaeuyaeai aeeaae/eeaie,
iieo/eaoeie, iai?eia? iiauoaiiua i?eauee n eo oeaiiuo aoiaa. A ae?oaii
neo/aa iaaethaeaeny au ia?aoiue yooaeo, eioi?ue oaeaea i?eaae au e
noaaeeecaoeee neooaoeee.

4. Eia?oiinoue neeiiiinoe e iio?aaeaieth. Oae, eiaeeaeae, no?aiynue
iiaeaea?aeaoue i?eau/iue aeeciaiiue o?iaaiue, iaaeeaiii
i?eniinaaeeaaaony e iiauoaieth naiaai aeioiaea.

Ianiio?y ia aaconeiaii iieaciua niiniaiinoe iaeiaiaie nenoaiu e
noaaeeecaoeee, aac oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia
yeiiiie/aneoth neooaoeeth ana-oaee iaeuecy iaieoenue. Yoiio anoue aeaa
i?e/eiu:

1) Naii?aaoee?iaaiey iaaeinoaoi/ii i?e neeueiii eciaiaiee yeiiiie/aneie
neooaoeee, oae eae, i?iaeieaeay ecuiaoue /anoue eaaeaeiai
aeiiieieoaeueiiai aeioiaea, iaeiae, iaeiaei, ia niiaoo i?aiaeieaoue
aeeyiea inoaaoeony aeaiaa, i?e yoii ia o/eouaaaony yooaeo
ioeueoeieeeaoeee, eioi?ue nouanoaaiii ineaaeyao aeaenoaea noaaeeecaoi?a.

2) Iieeoe/aneea e ae?oaea aiayeiiiie/aneea niia?aaeaiey,
i?aiyonoaothuea ianneaiui aeaenoaeyi i?aaeoaeuenoaa.

Oaeei ia?acii, ?aaoee?iaaiea yeiiiieee iaeuecy inouanoaeyoue
eneeth/eoaeueii i?e iiiiue ano?iaiiuo noaaeeecaoi?ia, iiyoiio
i?iaaaeaiea oeiainiaie iieeoeee n iiiiuueth ia?aiai iaoaiecia , ianiio?y
ia aic?aaeaiey yeiiiienoia i?iiiaaaeothueo iaaiaoaoaeuenoai a yeiiiieeo,
i?aaenoaaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui.

Iiae yoei iiieiaaony niciaoaeueiia iaieioee?iaaiea iaeiaaie e
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie ?anoiaeaie n oeaeueth eciaiaiey ?aaeueiiai iauaia
iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa e caiyoinoe, eiio?iey iaae eioeyoeeae e
onei?aiey yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa.

Iniiaiuie i?oaeeyie oaeie oeiainiaie iieeoeee yaeythony:

— iauanoaaiiua ?aaiou e ae?oaea i?ia?aiiu, naycaiiua n ?anoiaeaie;

— nioeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu;

— i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua caeoiee;

— ainoaea?noaaiiua eiaanoeoeee;

— eciaiaiea ?anoiaeia o?ainoa?oiiai eee ia?a?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiiai oeia;

— oi?aaeaiea iaeiaiaui aiaoii.

Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii iaeoe aeaa aeaaiuo yeaiaioa, ninoaaeythueo
oeiainiaoth iieeoeeo:

1) Iieeoeea a iaeanoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia.

2) Oeneaeueiay iieeoeea.

I?iaiaeece?oai ia?aue yeaiaio. E iaio iiaeii ioianoe ana i?ia?aiiu,
naycaiiua n ainoaea?noaaiiuie ?anoiaeaie.

Ai-ia?auo, yoi iauanoaaiiua ?aaiou, eioi?ua ia ca?a oeiainiaie iieeoeee
oe?iei i?eiaiyeenue, anee yeiiiieea oa?iaeaea aeai?anney e eae aa
neaaenoaea — aac?aaioeoea. Oaeea i?ia?aiiu eiaee naiae oeaeueth
oaaee/eoue caiyoinoue e ca/anooth yaeyeenue aanueia iiniaoiuie e
?anoi/eoaeueiuie. I?aaaea, anoue e iieiaeeoaeueiua i?eia?u: a
iineaaiaiiie Aa?iaiee e?oiiua n?aaenoaa ioaiaeeeenue ia iino?ieeo iiauo
aei?ia e aaoiiiaeeueiuo iaaeno?aeae, /oi ia oieueei nieceei o?iaaiue
aac?aaioeoeu, ii e iieiaeeoaeueii iiaeeyei ia ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa, a
oaeaea inaiaiaeeei ainoaea?noai io ia?aiaieoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia a
aoaeouai, iaania/ea no?aio ia oio iiiaio iaeiie ec eo/oeo a ie?a
aei?iaeiie nenoaiie.

Iaeiaei oaia?ue i?iecioae iooiae io iieeoeee iauanoaaiiuo ?aaio, /oi
iauyniyaony oaeoi?ii a?aiaie. Oae, i?aaeoaeuenoai iau/ii ociaao, /oi
yeiiiieea anooieea a noaaeeth niaaea oieueei iinea oiai, eae iineaaeiee
oaea ii?acee oicyenoai no?aiu. Iai?eia?, eiaaea no?aiu IIAE iiaeiyee
oeaiu ia iaooue oieueei iaiiiaea yeiiiienou i?aaeaeaeaee anth iieiioo
iineaaenoaee, eioi?ua aeaiiia iiauoaiea iiaea/ao ca niaie.
Noaaeeecaoeeiiiay iieeoeea noaea i?iaiaeeony eeoue /a?ac ianeieueei
ianyoeaa iinea ia/aea niaaea, eiaaea nieaeaiea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe auei
caiaoii oaea iaaii?oaeaiiui aeacii.

Iieo/ea aeinoiaa?ioth eioi?iaoeeth i ii?aceaoai no?aio e?ecena,
ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu ia/eiatho au?aaaouaaoue iauanoaaiiua i?ia?aiiu,
ii e oiio a?aiaie, eiaaea iie aoaeoo i?aaenoaaeaiu e ia/ioo
?aaeeciauaaoueny iio?aaiinoue a ieo oaea en/aciao, eai a?aiy aeai?annee
noaiao iiaeoiaeeoue e eiioeo.

A iauae neiaeiinoe neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iauanoaaiiua ?aaiou
yaeythony iayooaeoeaiui eino?oiaioii aeene?aoeeiiiie iieeoeee.

Ai – aoi?uo, ainoaea?noaaiiua i?ia?aiiu ?anoiaeia ia nioeeaeueiua
ioaeaeu. Oae, i?aaeoaeuenoai iiaeao aicaea?aeaoueny io au?aaioee
aeiiieieoaeueiuo nioeeaeueiuo iiniaee a ia?eiaeu eioeyoeee, /ai
aeinoeaiao nieaeaiey o?iaiy iio?aaeoaeueneiai ni?ina. Ai a?aiy aea
aeai?annee iii iiauoaao anneaiiaaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu.

Iaeiaei iaaeinoaoeii iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue aeey e?aoein?i/iuo oeaeae
noaaeeecaoeee yaeyaony oaeo iieeoe/aneiai ii?yaeea, /oi oaeea
/?acau/aeiua i?ia?aiiu neiaeii nie?aoeoue, eiaaea iieiaeaiea niiaa
oeo/oeony.

A o?aoueeo — i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua caeoiee e eiaanoeoeee. Oaaee/aiea
ainoaea?noaaiiuo eiaanoeoeee, eae e ?ino /anoiuo ?anoiaeia, noeioee?oao
?acaeoea i?iiuoeaiiinoe, iieo/athuae iiaua caeacu. Aeaiiia iieiaeaiea
iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony neaaeothuei iae?iyeiiiie/aneei caeiiii: S + M = C +
In + Xn + G, oi anoue naa?aaeaiey e eiii?o ?aaiythony noiia iio?aaeaiey,
eiaanoeoeee, /enoiai yenii?oa e ainoaea?noaaiiuo caeoiie. Eia/a aiai?y,
?ino G eee In i?eaaaeao e niauaieth e?eaie C + In + Xn + G aaa?o
ioiineoaeueii a?aoeea naa?aaeaiee e eiii?oa, /oi au?aceony a oaaee/aiee
*II.

Iaeiiaoe ia?aeaeai e oeneaeueiie iieeoeea eae aoi?iio yeaiaioo iieeoeee
oeiainiaie. Nouiinoue aa caeeth/aaony a eneoniii eciaiaiee iaeiaiaiai
a?aiaie a oa/aiea anaai yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea.

Iiae iaeiaii, nai?ii, iioeeiie e ae?oaeie ieaoaaeaie iiieiaaony
iaycaoaeueiue aciin a athaeaeao niioaaonoaothuaai o?iaiy eee ai
aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae, inouanoaeyaiue ieaoaeueueeaie ii?yaeea e ia
oneiaeyo, ii?aaeaeyaiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie. Niaieoiiinoue
aceiaaiuo a ainoaea?noaa iaeiaia e ae?oaeo ieaoaaeae, a oaeaea oi?i e
iaoiaeia eo iino?iaiey ia?acoao iaeiaiaoth nenoaio oeneaeueiie iieeoeee.
I?e yoii iauaeou iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey aanueia ?acee/iu: n?aaee ieo e
aeioiaeu, e noieiinoue ii?aaeaeaiiuo oiaa?ia, ioaeaeueiua aeaeu
aeayoaeueiinoe iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia, iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie,
iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie, eiouanoaii th?eaee/aneeo e
oece/aneeo eeoe, ia?aaea/a eiouanoaa, aeiaaaeaiiay noieiinoue
i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio e oneoa e i?i/ea iauaeou, onoaiiaeaiiua
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie.

Iaeiae eae eino?oiaio oeneaeueiie iieeoeee auaatho aeaoo aeaeia. Ia?aue
aeae — iaeiae ia aeioiaeu e eiouanoai: iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n a?aaeaeai e
iaeia ia i?eaueue oe?i; ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea, ia oiiae ca?aaioiie
ieaou e ia ?aai/oth neeo (nioeeaeueiua aciinu); iieiouanoaaiiua iaeiae,
a oii /enea iaeiae ia nianoaaiiinoue, aeeth/ay caieth e ae?oaoth
iaaeaeaeeiinoue, iaeia ia ia?aaiae i?eauee e eaieoaeia ca ?oaaae. Iie
acuiathony n eiie?aoiiai oece/aneiai eee th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, eo
iacuaatho i?yiuie iaeiaaie.

Ei aoi?iio aeaeo ioiinyony iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae; iaeia n iai?ioa
eee iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue; aeoeecu (i?yii aeeth/athony a
oeaio oiaa?ia e oneoa); ia ianeaaenoai; ia naeaeee n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth e
oeaiiuie aoiaaaie e ae?oaea. Yoi einaaiiua iaeiae, oae eae iie /anoe/ii
eee iieiinoueth ia?aiinyony ia oeaio oiaa?ia eee oneoa.

Eoae, iniiaiuie iaeiaaie a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee yaeythony:

1. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeioiaeiue iaeia, i?aaenoaaeythuee niaie au/ao
ec aiaeiauo aeioiaeia iaeiaiieaoaeueueea.

2. Iaeia ia i?eaueue oe?i e i?aaei?eyoee. Acuiaaony n /enoie i?eauee
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe (aaeiaay au?o/ea ca au/aoii anao ?anoiaeia e
oauoeia).

3. Nioeeaeueiua aciinu, oi anoue auieaou, inouanoaeyaiua /anoe/ii
naieie ?aai/eie e /anoe/ii eo ?aaioiaeaoaeyie, iai?aaeyaiua a ?acee/iua
aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu: ii aac?aaioeoea, iaineiiiue e oae aeaeaa.

4. Iieiouanoaaiiua iaeiae, oi anoue iaeiae ia eiouanoai, aea?aiea e
ianeaaenoai.

5. Iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae, i?aaeaea anaai oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu e
aeoeecu, a oaeaea IAeN.

Enoiaey ec iienaiiie nenoaiu iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey i?aaenoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiui auaeaeeoue oaeea aeaaiua i?eioeeiu oeneaeueiie iieeoeee:

a) O?iaaiue iaeiaiaie noaaee aeieaeai onoaiaaeeaaoueny n o/aoii
aiciiaeiinoae iaeiaiieaoaeueueea, oi anoue aai o?iaiy aeioiaeia.
Iineieueeo aiciiaeiinoe ?aciuo oece/aneeo e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe
iaiaeeiaeiau, aeey ieo aeieaeiu auoue onoaiiaeaiu aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiua
iaeiaiaua noaaee, iiyoiio iaeia n aeioiaea aeieaeai auoue i?ia?anneaiui.

a) Iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea aeieaeii iineoue iaeiie?aoiue oa?aeoa?, eia/a
oeaia oiaa?a, aeioiaeyuaai aei iio?aaeoaey aoaeao iaii?aaaeaiii
caauoaia, /oi naeaeaao aai iaeiieo?aioiniiniaiui, n ae?oaie noi?iiu
iinoiyiiue iaeiaiaue aiao eeoeo i?aaei?eieiaoaey noeioeia e i?iyaeaieth
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe. Caeanue i?eia/aoaeueia caiaia iaeiaa n iai?ioa
iiaeioiaeiui iaeiaii, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai i?iecaiaeeoaeue ieaoeo iaeia
oieueei ia aeiaaaeaiioth ei noieiinoue, a ia ni anae au?o/ee io
i?iaeaaee. Iaeiaei aeaiiua i?iaeaiu aua ia iieiinoueth ono?aiaiu ec
?inneeneiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, /oi iiae/an i?eaiaeeo e iaeaaaieth
oiaa?a iaeiaii ianeieueei ?ac iiae?yae ia eaaeaeii yoaia aai
i?iecaiaenoaa.

a) Iaycaoaeueiay oieaoa iaeiaia. Iaeiaiaay nenoaia ia aeieaeia
inoaaeyoue niiiaiee o iaeiaiieaoaeueueea a iaecaaaeiinoe ieaoaaea.
Nenoaia oo?aoia e naieoeee aeieaeia auoue oaeie, /oiau iaoieaoa eee
ianaiaa?aiaiiay oieaoa iaeiaia auee iaiaa auaiaeiuie , /ai naiaa?aiaiiia
e /anoiia auiieiaiea iaycaoaeuenoa ia?aae iaeiaiauie i?aaiaie.

a) I?ioeaaeo?a auieaou iaeiaia aeieaeia auoue i?inoie, iiiyoiie e
oaeiaiie aeey iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia e yeiiiie/iie aeey o/?aaeaeaiee,
niae?athueo iaeiae.

ae) Iaeiaiaay nenoaia aeieaeia auoue aeaeie e eaaei aaeaioe?oaiie e
iaiythueiny iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneei iio?aaiinoyi.

a) Iaeiaiaay nenoaia aeieaeia iaania/eaaoue yooaeoeaiia
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea nicaeaaaaiiai AII.

Oaeei ia?acii, oeneaeueiay iieeoeea, i?iaiaeeiay i?aaeoaeuenoaii,
iaycaia ioaa/aoue iniiaiui i?eioeeiai iino?iaiey iaeiaiaie nenoaiu
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa e ?aaoee?iaaoue yeiiiie/aneea acaeiiioiioaiey
aioo?e oaaea?aoeee. E?iia oiai, ?aaeecaoeey oeneaeueiie iieeoeee
aeieaeia o/eouaaoue o?e aaaeiaeoea ooieoeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey
iaeiaiiaeiaeaieai:

1. Iaania/aiea oeiaine?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia, oi anoue
i?yiay ooieoeey iaeiaia;

2. Iiaeaea?aeaiea nioeeaeueiiai ?aaiiaaney iooai eciaiaiey niioiioaiey
iaaeaeo aeioiaeaie ioaeaeueiuo a?oii n oeaeueth naeaaeeaaiey ia?aaainoaa
iaaeaeo ieie, iaaeiiouaiey ?aceiai ?anneiaiey iauanoaa (nioeeaeueiay
ooieoeey);

3. Ainoaea?noaaiiia aioeoeeeee/aneia e i?ioeaieioeyoeeiiiia,
naeoi?aeueiia, io?aneaaia e ?aaeiiaeueiia ?aaoee?iaaiea yeiiiieee
(nianoaaiii ?aaoee?othuay ooieoeey).

?ane?uaay niaea?aeaiea nioeeaeueiie ooieoeee, oioaeinue au ioiaoeoue,
/oi aieueoeinoai a?aaeaeai n/eoatho, /oi iie ieaoyo neeoeii aunieea
iaeiae, oiaaea eae ae?oaea nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu ieaoyo neeoeii ieceea, e
/oi ainoaea?noai ?anoiaeoao iaaeinoaoi/ii n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey eo
iaoa?eaeueiiai aeaaininoiyiey e /a?an/o? iiiai ioaeaao ae?oaei.

A nayce n yoei eioa?anai i?eioeei aceiaiey iaeiaia a caaeneiinoe io
niiniaiinoe iaeiaiieaoaeueueea, ii?iaeeaoee nenoaio i?ia?anneaiiai
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey: /ai auoa aeioiae (iaeiaiaay aaca), oai
iai?iii?oeeiiaeueii aieueoay /anoue aai ecuiaaony a aeaea iaeiaa.
I?eioeei aea i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey i?aaeoniao?eaaao
iaeeiaeiaoth aeieth iaeiaa a aeioiaeao, iacaaeneii io eo aaee/eiu.
?aa?anneaiua noaaee iaeiaa icia/atho aa oiaiueoaiea ii ia?a aic?anoaiey
iaeiaiaie aacu (aeioiaea).

Aiaeece?oy iaeiae eae n?aaenoai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aeaeiaie
aeoeaiinoueth , aaaeii inoaiiaeoueny ia ?aaoee?othueo eo ooieoeeyo:

— onoaiiaeaiea e eciaiaiea nenoaiu iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey;

— ii?aaeaeaiea iaeiaiauo noaaie, eo aeeooa?aioeeaoeey;

— i?aaeinoaaeaiea iaeiaiauo eueaio — inaiaiaeaeaiea io iaeiaia /anoe
i?eaueae e eaieoaea n oneiaeyie eo oeaeaaiai eniieueciaaiey a
niioaaonoaee n caaea/aie iauae yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee i?aaeoaeuenoaa.

Aaaeioth ?aaoee?othuoth ?ieue ea?atho aeiaaeueiua eciaiaiey noaaie
iaeiaia. Oae, aeiaaeueiia iiieaeaiea iaeiaia aaaeao e oaaee/aieth /enouo
i?eaueae, oneeaieth noeioea oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, ?inoo
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee, ni?ina, caiyoinoe, e iaeeaeaieth oicyenoaaiiie
eiiuthieoo?u. Oaaee/aiea iaeiaia — iau/iue niinia ai?ueau n iiauoaiiie
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoueth.

Eciaiyy iaeiae ia i?eaueue (i?yiua iaeiae), ainoaea?noai iiaeao
nicaeaoue eee oiaiueoeoue aeiiieieoaeueiua noeioeu aeey
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee, a iaiaa?e?oy o?iaiai einaaiiuo iaeiaia —
aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia oiiae iio?aaeaiey a oeaeii, ia oeaiu oiaa?ia e
oneoa.

Eca?aa eeaa?aeueioth eee i?ioaeoeeiienoneoth aiaoiaoi?aiaoth iieeoeeo,
ainoaea?noai eciaiyao oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu, iieo/ay io oi?aiauo ia?oia?ia
eeai ano?a/iua onooiee, eeai oaeanoi/aiea oneiaee iaoeeiiaeueiiai
yenii?oa. Oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu — aeae einaaiiuo iaeiaia, iiauoaiea
eioi?uo aaaeao e oaei?iaeaieth eiii?oa, a aneaae ca yoei e ioa/anoaaiiuo
oiaa?ia, e nieaeaieth aiaoiaoi?aiaiai iai?ioa. Iiieaeaiea eee ioiaia
iioeei aeaeoo ca niaie iaino?aiea eiieo?aioeee ia aioo?aiiai ?uiea,
caiaaeeaiea ?inoa oeai, aeoeaecaoeeth aiaoiae oi?aiaee.

Iiaeaiaey eoia, oioaeinue au iniaaiii ioiaoeoue, /oi a ethaii neo/aa
ainoaea?noai, eiay aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiyoue ana yeaiaiou oeiainiaie
iieeoeee, iaeaaeaao iiuiaeoei eino?oiaioii, iicaieythuei aanueia
yooaeoeaii ai?ioueny n ethauie o?oaeiinoyie, eioi?ua au ia iinoeaee
ia?aoiaeioth ?inneeneoth yeiiiieeo. Aaaeii eeoue ni ciaieai aeaea
eniieueciaaoue eiathueany n?aaenoaa, iineaaeiaaoaeueii e i?aaeeueii
i?iaeaeaaoueny ii iooe oe?aieaiey yeiiiieee e aic?iaeaeaiey ?innee.

A ethaie no?aia ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao – aaaeiia caaii
oeiainiaie nenoaiu. Ii iauaaeeiyao aeaaiua aeioiaeu e ?anoiaeu
ainoaea?noaa. Ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iniiaiie
oeiainiaue ieai ainoaea?noaa ia oaeouee aiae, eiathuee neeo caeiia.

Iniiaiuie ooieoeeyie athaeaeaoa yaeythony :

* ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea e AAI ;

* ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea e noeioee?iaaiea yeiiiieee ;

* oeiainiaia iaania/aiea nioeeaeueiie noa?u ;

Iniiaiay /anoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia i?ioiaeeo /a?ac
ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao, aeeth/athuee a naay athaeaeaou
oeaio?aeueiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa e ianoiuo aeanoae. A caaeneiinoe io
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiiai ono?ienoaa oie eee eiie no?aiu
(aeaoonooiai/aoiai — oeaio?aeueiia i?aaeoaeuenoai e ianoiua i?aaiu
aeanoe eee o?aonooiai/aoiai, eae a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, —
oeaio?aeueiia i?aaeoaeuenoai; i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?anioaeee, e?aaa, iaeanoae;
ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe) athaeaeaou niioaaonoaaiii auaatho oeaio?aeueiuie,
?anioaeeeaineeie, e?aaauie, iaeanoiuie e oae aeaeaa.

E athaeaeaoo oanii i?eiueatho aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu — aeaiaaeiua
n?aaenoaa ainoaea?noaa, eiathuea oeaeaaia iacia/aiea e ia aeeth/aiiua a
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao. Aiaathaeaeaoiua n?aaenoaa iaoiaeyony a
?anii?yaeaiee oeaio?aeueiuo eee ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe e
eiioeaio?e?othony a niaoeeaeueiuo oiiaeao, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo
i?aaeiacia/ai aeey ii?aaeaeaiiuo ioaeae. I?eia?ii iiaeao auoue
iaineiiiue oiiae ?O. Aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu nicaeathony ca n/ao
niaoeeaeueiuo (oeaeaauo) iaeiaia, caeiia, noaneaeee ec athaeaeaoa.

Nae/an no?oeoo?a ?inneeneiai athaeaeaoa a niioaaonoaee n oaaea?aeueiui
caeiiii “I ninoaaa e no?oeoo?a athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee”, aaaaeaiiii a aeaenoaea n 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea, auaeyaeeo
neaaeothuei ia?acii:

I Aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa

II ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa

II.1 Ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia

II.2 Aaaeiinoaaiiay no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia

II.3 Yeiiiie/aneay no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia

III Oeiaine?iaaiea athaeaeaoa

IV Ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea

?anniio?ei athaeaeao 1999 aiaea.

Iniiaiua ia?aiao?u ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa 1999 aiaea
i?aaeiieaaathony oaeeie : aeioiaeu – 473,8 ie?ae. ?oa. (11,8 % e AAI),
?anoiaeu – 573,0 ie?ae. ?oa. (14,38 % e AAI), aeaoeoeeo – 101,4 ie?ae.
?oa. (2,53 % e AAI). Athaeaeao 1999 a. i?ecaai ?aoeoue o?e
ia?aii/a?aaeiua caaea/e. Ia?aay – noeioee?iaaiea noaaeeecaoeee e ?inoa
?aaeueiiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee. Aoi?ay caaea/a – nie?auaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa. (Aac ?anoiaeia ia ianeoaeeaaiea ainaeieaa
ia?ae/iue i?ioeoeeo athaeaeaoa ninoaaeo 1,64 % AAI, /oi aanueia
iuooeiay aaee/eia. ) . E o?aouey caaea/a – iaania/aiea oaeiaeaoai?aiey
ieieiaeueiuo nioeeaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae.

I?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaaao oeiaine?iaaiea
i?iiuoeaiiinoe a ?acia?a 14,6 ie?ae ?oa . Iauai ainoaea?noaaiiuo
eiaanoeoeee ii?aaeaeai a noiia 6,5 ie?ae ?oa. 5,85 ie?ae ?oa
auaeaeyaony ia iiaeaea?aeeo oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe (nioe caueoa
o?oaeyueony, eeeaeaeaoeey iaia?niaieoeaiuo oaoo).

I?aaeoniio?aii auaeaeaiea oeaeaauo athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia
aica?aoiie iniiaa ia eiiaa?neth iai?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe a ?acia?a
315, 3 iei ?oa , /oi yaeyaony ieieiaeueii iaiaoiaeeiui e aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue nicaeaieth iiauo ?aai/eo iano.

?anoiaeu ia naeueneia oicyenoai ieaie?othony a ?acia?a 9,3 ie?ae ?oa .
Ia yoe oeaee aoaeao iai?aaeaiu iinooieaiey caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e
a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth.

Athaeaeao 1999 aiaea i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaania/aiea ieieiaeueiuo
nioeeaeueiuo aa?aioee (i?aaeiieaaaaony auaeaeaiea n?aaenoa ia ianeieueei
oaaea?aeueiuo oeaeaauo i?ia?aii). Oaeaea i?aaeoniao?eaaaony eiaeaeaoeey
ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaioieeia athaeaeaoiie noa?u .

Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?aaeecaoeeth ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo
ia noaaeeecaoeeth oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey Iaineiiiiai oiiaea ?O . I?iaeo
oiiaea aianoa n i?iaeoii oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa naaeaine?iaai ii
aeioiaeai e ?anoiaeai a ?acia?a 248,7 ie?ae ?oa.

Ia ia?aciaaiea i?aaeoniao?eaaaony auaeaeeoue anaai 139916,7 iei ?oa.

A iaeanoe eoeueoo?u e NIE ec athaeaeaoa aoaeao auaeaeaii 12680,1 iei
?oa.

Eae aeaeei, aieueoay /anoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia eaeao ia
oeiaine?iaaiea i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Yoa i?aaeeueiay oaiaeaioeey nouanoaoao e
a athaeaeaoao ae?oaeo noai. Iaeiaei oioaeinue au auaeaeeoue
iai?aaeaiey, iaania/eaathuea iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiia eiaanoe?iaaiea
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia:

1) eueaioiia oeiaine?iaaiea oaoie/aneiai ia?aaii?oaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee,
aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio nicaeathony i?eioeeieaeueii iiaua iaoeiu e
ono?ienoaa, iieo/aao ?acaeoea eiiiuethoa?iia iniauaiea i?iecaiaenoa;

2) oeiaine?iaaiea cao?ao, naycaiiuo n i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaeie
eaae?ia, iiauoaieai eo eaaeeoeeaoeee, ia?ai?eaioaoeee ?aaioathueo ia
iiaua aeaeu i?iecaiaenoa;

3) iineaaeiaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey i?ia?aii, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
iaania/aiea naeaeaia a io?aneaaie e oa??eoi?eaeueiie no?oeoo?ao
iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, niaa?oainoaiaaiea ia?iaeioicyenoaaiiuo
i?iii?oeee a niioaaonoaee n nia?aiaiiuie iio?aaiinoyie.

Aoi?ie, iaeaieueoae ii aaniethoiie aaee/eia oeeo?ie yaeythony ?anoiaeu
ii ianeoaeeaaieth ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa. Aiaoiee aeiea yaeyaony
i?aaeiaoii iniaiai aieiaiey. Anee ieaoaaee ii iaio ninoaaeytho
cia/eoaeueioth /anoue iinooieaiee io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
no?aiu (20-30%), oi i?eaeaeaoue iiaua caeiu ec-ca ?oaaaea noaiiaeony
o?oaeii.

Iau/ii i?aaeoaeuenoaa no?ai-aeieaeieeia i?eieiatho ana aiciiaeiua ia?u,
/oiau ia iiianoue a iieiaeaiea aaciaaeaaeiuo aeieaeieeia, oae eae yoi
ia?aie/eaaao aeinooi e ca?oaaaeiui oeiainiaui ?ano?nai. Aeey oiai
aiciiaeii ianeieueei iooae.

a) O?aaeeoeeiiiue iooue — auieaoa iaeiaia ca n/ao cieioiaaethoiuo
?aca?aia, iaeiaei ii iaei i?eaeaeaoaeai, oai aieaa, /oi ?aca?au /anoi
i/aiue ia?aie/aiu.

a) Eiinieeaeaoeey aiaoiaai aeieaa, oi anoue i?aa?auaiea e?aoein?i/iie
e n?aaeian?i/iie caaeieaeaiiinoe a aeieain?i/ioth. Iia aiciiaeia oieueei
n niaeaney e?aaeeoi?ia.

a) A iaeioi?uo no?aiao i?aeoeeoaony nie?auaiea ?acia?ia aiaoiaai
aeieaa iooai eiiaa?nee — i?aa?auaiey aai a aeieain?i/iua eiino?aiiua
eiaanoeoeee. A n/ao aeieaa eiino?aiiui e?aaeeoi?ai i?aaeeaaatho
i?eia?anoe a no?aia-aeieaeieea iaaeaeaeeiinoue, i?aaa o/anoey a
eaieoaea. Aaoi? ?aoa?aoa n/eoaao, /oi oaeia ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu
ainoaea?noaaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe iaeaieaa iiaeioei au iaoae no?aia, oae
eae iu iaeiia?aiaiii oaeee au aeaoo caeoeaa: oaaee/eee i?eoie
eiino?aiiuo eiaanoeoeee a yeiiiieeo no?aiu e ecaaaeeenue au io a?aiaie
aiaoiaai aeieaa.

a) Iau/iui yaeyaony ia?auaiea no?aiu-aeieaeieea e iaaeaeoia?iaeiui
aaieai — ?aaeiiaeueiui, Anaie?iiio aaieo. Iie i?aaeinoaaeytho eueaioiua
e?aaeeou aeey i?aiaeieaiey e?eceniie neooaoeee, ii i?aaeuyaeytho
aeanoeea o?aaiaaiey e yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea, a /anoiinoe yienneiiiie ,
e?aaeeoiie e oeiainiaie, iiiu?aieth eiieo?aioeee, naaaeaieth aei
ieieioia aeaoeoeeoa ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa. Oaeea e?aaeeou nae/an
aa?ao iaoa no?aia. Aa?iooue eo iiaeii, oieueei n iiiiuueth aeanoeie
oeiainiaie iieeoeee e iieiaeeoaeueiiai naeueaei ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa.

Ai anao no?aiao ie?a ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea e aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa
yaeythony eeth/aauie aii?inaie aeeneonnee.

Caiaia “ieaaathuaai” aaethoiiai eo?na neieuecyuei aaethoiui ei?eaei?ii
iinoaaeea i?ioeaioiua noaaee a caaeneiinoue io iano?iaiee
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiaanoi?ia. Oaeei ia?acii, iaonoie/eainoue aicieeea ia
oieueei aneaaenoaea iae?iyeiiiie/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe a naiie ?innee,
ii e a ?acoeueoaoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey oeiainiaiai e?ecena a no?aiao
THai-Ainoi/iie Acee. Iaiiia?ii aunieea i?ioeaioiua noaaee ieacaeenue
iaiineeueiuie aeey ?uiea. I?aaeoaeuenoai ieacaeinue auioaeaeaiiui
ioionoeoue iaiaiiue eo?n aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey aaie?ionoaa. A nayce n
oai, /oi ainoaea?noaaiiie aeiea oaea i?eia?ae cia/eoaeueiua ?acia?u e
i?iaeieaeae aic?anoaoue auno?uie oaiiaie, a oaeaea eiae /?acau/aeii
ei?ioeea n?iee iiaaoaiey iieiaeaiea oooaeoaeinue. Oa?ico iiaeii auei au
ineaaeoue, aa?ioaoenue e “ieaaathuaio ”eo?no ?oaey, i?e eioi?ii
o?iaaiue i?ioeaioiuo noaaie ii?aaeaeyeny au ia?aie aioo?aiiae
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee.

Ei??aeoe?iaea oeneaeueiie iieeoeee, iaiaoiaeeiay aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey
e?aoa a aaaonoa 1998 aiaea, iiaea au auoue inouanoaeaia a aeinoaoi/ii
naeaoua n?iee. Aeaaii?eyoiay neooaoeey ia oeiainiauo ?uieao a 1996-1997
aa aeaaaea oaeoth aiciiaeiinoue . Aianoi yoiai i?aaeoaeuenoai
ooaaoeeinue ca iiaoth aiciiaeiinoue aueoe ia ?uiee eaieoaeia,
ainiieueciaaaoenue ?inoii oeai ia iaeeaaoeee. E oieueei a nayce n
“aceaoneei” e?ecenii ia/aeenue i?aia?aciaaiey a athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie
noa?a, ii a?aiaie ia ieo oaea ia inoaaaeinue.

Eoae, aaaono 1998 aiaea. Aeaoieo – ia oieueei ii AEI-IOC, ii e ii
aaethoiui iaycaoaeuenoaai /anoiuo oe?i e aaieia. Aeieae ?innee auee
iaiaeuie, ii ieeae ia e?eoe/aneeie : aioo?aiiee aeiea – ieiei 40 % AAI,
aanue aiaoiee iaiaa 50 % AAI. Oaeaea oaaee/eeny ?ac?ua ii ?oaeaaui e
aeieea?iaui i?ioeaioiui noaaeai, ii ia ii noaaeai aeieea?iauo caeiia
?innee e ae?oaeo no?ai, /oi icia/aei iaaeiaa?ea ?inneeneie aaethoa, a
ia ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Oeiaine?oy ii/oe 1/3 anao
?anoiaeia /a?ac i?iaeaaeo AEI-IOC, ainoaea?noai auno?ieei ie?aieaeo e
iia aeieaeia auea ?ooiooue – ii aiaea /a?ac o?e, a ia nae/an. *oi aeaea
?ano?oeoo?ecaoeey AEI ? yeiiiieth a 2 ie?ae aeieea?ia a ianyoe aei
eiioea 1999 aiaea a aeaea ioeiaeaiiuo ieaoaaeae. A oiaea a?aiy i?yiua
iioa?e (aiciiaeiinoue caaiiiai oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa)
ninoaaeytho noiaeoth aaee/eio. Iethn einaaiiua iioa?e, naycaiiua n
iioa?ae aeiaa?ey e ainoaea?noao e oeiainiaui einoeoooai e ecuyoea
aeeaaeia. Ana yoi i?eaaei e caioneo ia/aoiiai noaiea, eioeyoeee.

Iiaeaiaey eoia, oioaeinue au ioiaoeoue iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey
athaeaeaoiie ?aoi?iu a no?aia, ca iaiaoiaeeiinoue inouanoaeaiea eioi?ie
oaea aeieaia a?aiy aunooiatho aaaeouea ?inneeneea yeiiiienou. Eie
auaeaeythony oaeea aa aniaeou:

Oai?aoe/aneay ?ac?aaioea e iainiiaaiea i?eioeeiia iino?iaiey
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.

Nicaeaiea ?aaeueiiai athaeaeaoiiai iaoaiecia, iicaieythuaai aiieioeoue
?ac?aaioaiiua i?eioeeiu ia i?aeoeea.

?ac?aaioea e i?eiyoea ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia ii ?aca?aie/aieth iieiiii/ee e
ooieoeee iaaeaeo i?aaiaie aeanoe ?aciiai o?iaiy, ?ani?aaeaeaiea
?anoiaeia iaaeaeo caaiueyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e aeaeaie athaeaeaoia a
niioaaonoaee n iieiiii/eyie e ooieoeeyie i?aaiia aeanoe ?aciiai o?iaiy.

Nicaeaiea iiaie nenoaiu iaaeathaeaeaoiiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oeiainiauo
?ano?nia ia iniiaa eniieueciaaiey ?acee/iuo oi?i ieacaiey oeiainiaie
iiiiue noauaeoai Oaaea?aoeee e i?aaiai ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.

?ac?aaioea iiauo i?eioeeiia ninoaaeaiey, ?anniio?aiey, ooaa?aeaeaiey e
eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa ia eaaeaeii o?iaia oi?aaeaiey.

Iiyoiio i?aaenoiyuay athaeaeaoiay ?aoi?ia ii naiaio niaea?aeaieth — yoi
aanueia aieee eiiieaeniue i?ioeann, aeeth/athuee aeoaeiiua eciaiaiey e
ei?aiiua i?aia?aciaaiey nouanoaothueo iuia athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee. Aeey
oniaoiiai inouanoaeaiey oaeie ?aaeeeaeueiie ?aoi?iu iaiaoiaeeii
?ac?aaioaoue iiae?iaioth i?ia?aiio aa i?iaaaeaiey n eceiaeaieai
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe yoaiia ?aoi?iu e a?aiaiiuo ?aiie aa ?aaeecaoeee.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iniaaiii ino?i i?iyaeeenue iaaeinoaoee oeiainiaie
iieeoeee, naea?aeeaathuea yeiiiie/aneia e nioeeaeueiia ?acaeoea
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. E iei ioiinyony:

aeiaiaoe/aneee (iaoai?/aneee) oa?aeoa? oeiainiaie iieeoeee, aa
ianiiniaiinoue auno?i ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiythueany oneiaey ?acaeoey
iaoaai ainoaea?noaa;

ionoonoaea no?aoaae/aneeo ?ac?aaioie;

i?iaaaeaiea /anoe/iuo, iaeiiainiiaaiiuo oaeoe/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee,
i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia nethieiooioth auaiaeo;

io?ua oeiainiaie iieeoeee io oaeoe/aneiai ninoiyiey aeae a yeiiiieea;

ia?ooaiea naaeaine?iaaiiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee;

inoaoi/iue iiaeoiae i?e ii?aaeaeaiee oeiainiaie aacu oaeiaeaoai?aiey
nioeeaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae a?aaeaeai.

Ana yoi i?yii neacuaaaony ia ia?acaeoinoe athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e
oeiainiaie iieeoeee no?aiu.

Oaeei ia?acii, ianoiyuay neooaoeey n athaeaeaoiie (oeiainiaie)
iieeoeeie oa?aeoa?ecoaony aieueoie neiaeiinoueth. E i?eia?o, iuiaoiee
iaoaieci ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey n?aaenoa iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?acee/iuo
o?iaiae, aeeth/athuee 6 ?acee/iuo oi?i (io/eneaiey io ?aaoee?othueo
aeioiaeia, noaaaioeee, aeioaoeee, acaeii?an/aou iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ,
nnoaeu ec auoanoiyueo athaeaeaoia e o?ainoa?ou), e?aeia iayooaeoeaai.
Aio i?enoue aeaa ei?aiiuo iaaeinoaoea:

ai-ia?auo, iuia aeaenoaothuee iaoaieci ieacaiey oeiainiaie iiiiue
noi?ie?iaaeny a oneiaeyo aeanoeiai oeaio?aeecia aaeeiie athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu auaoaai Niaaoneiai Nithca; a iniiao aai iieiaeaia oeaeue
aeanoeiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ec oeaio?a;

ai-aoi?uo, iniiaaiiue ia no?aieaiee iaania/eoue aaeain iaaeaeo
aeioiaeaie e ?anoiaeaie ii eaaeaeiio athaeaeaoo, ii iiaeaaeye
eieoeeaoeao ieaeanoiyueo i?aaiia aeanoe e ecuneaieth aeiiieieoaeueiuo
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.

Iaeiaei iieiaeaiea ia aaciaaeaaeii. I?e iineaaeiaaoaeueiii
inouanoaeaiee ?aoi?i a iaieo yeaiaioao oeiainiaie iieeoeee, iieiaeaiea
iiaeao auoue eni?aaeaii. I?aaeoaeuenoaii oaea ?ac?aaioaiu oaeea
iiceoeaiua i?iaeou, eae ia?aoiae eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia
eacia/aeneoth nenoaio. *oi nie?aoeo /eneaiiinoue i?aaiia ii eiio?ieth ca
eniieueciaaieai athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, aaeaeo eo iauaaeeiaiey e
?ai?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea aeieaeii iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue eo ?aaiou.
Yoi iiaaoeey ?ac?aaioaia n eniieueciaaieai ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa e aeieaeia
aianoe naie aeeaae a oneeaiea aeeyiea iieeoeee a iaeanoe ?anoiaeia ia
yeiiiieeo.

A caeeth/aiea iaaei neacaoue, /oi, ianiio?y ia iaeioi?ua iaaaoeaiua
oaiaeaioeee a ?inneeneie oeiainiaie iieeoeea, i?iaiaeyueany ?aoi?iu
ioe?uaatho oe?ieea ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey, eae ainoaea?noaaiiiai, oae e
/anoiiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee.

Nae/an ?inney eaeao ii neiaeiiio iooe ?aoi?i. Ianiiiaiii iieeoeea,
i?iaiaeeiay i?aaeoaeuenoaii a iaeanoe oeiainia, iaiaeiicia/ia. Iia
niaea?aeeo eae iieiaeeoaeueiua noi?iiu, oae e iiiai io?eoeaoaeueiuo
iiiaioia.

Iaeiaei, ianiio?y ia o?oaeiinoe, anaaaea nii?iaiaeaeathuea
ia?aoiaeioth yeiiiieeo, /oi iaia/athueany ?aoi?iu a athaeaeaoiie noa?a,
i eioi?uo iaiaeiie?aoii aiai?ee ieieno? oeiainia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
ieaaeoo naia iiceoeaiia aeeyiea ia iauaa yeiiiie/aneia iieiaeaiea a
no?aia e aeoia n ae?oaeie n ae?oaeie ainoaea?noaaiiuie ?aaoee?othueie
ia?ii?eyoeyie, iaeiiaoe, iinoaayo ia iiae ioa/anoaaiioth yeiiiieeo.
Aaoi? ?aoa?aoa oaeaea n/eoaao, /oi aaniiue aeeaae a oe?aieaiea
yeiiiie/aneie aacu ?inneeneiai ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa ieaaeao
?acaeaathueeny /anoiue naeoi? yeiiiieee, eioi?iio oeiainiaay iieeoeea
aeieaeia i?aaeinoaaeoue iaeneiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe aeey ?inoa. E?iia
yoiai, aaoi? ?aoa?aoa n/eoaao, /oi iineeueioth iiiiuue a ?aoi?ie?iaaiee
iaoaieciia yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee niiaeao aianoe iiaia
iieieaiea yeiiiienoia, ia ia?aiaiaiiia i?ioeuie noa?aioeiaie
aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiiai oi?aaeaiey ainoaea?noaii.

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u :

1) Aieueoaeia C. A. Oeiainiaay iieeoeea e oeiainiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea
yeiiiieee ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea // Oeiainu. 1994. ? 11.

2) Aoeaoiaa A. N. Yeiiiieea: o/aaiee. I.: Aae. 1994. Ae. 16. N. 260
— 277.

3) A?aiaeee A. I?iaeaiu noaaeeecaoeee aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey a ?innee
// Aii?inu yeiiiieee. 1999 . ? 1.

4) Eaiaoueaa Ae. Iaeiaiaie iieeoeea ioaeiu /aoeea i?ei?eoaou //
Oeiainiaua ecaanoey. ? 13. 1995.

5) Iaeeiiiaee E. ?., A?th N. E. Yeiiiieea. Aaeo. 1992. O. 1. Ae. 6,
8, 14, 20. O. 2. N. 206 — 209.

6) Ii?aoiia A.E. Athaeaeao 99-ai // Yeiiiieno. 1999. ? 3

7) Iaineia A. A. Aeaaiia — oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey //
Oeiainu. 1994. ? 12.

8) ?iaiaa I. Aanaaa A. Ninoiyiea oeiainiai-aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu ?innee
// Yeiiiieno. 1999 . ? 3

9) ?iaeeiiiaa A. I. Athaeaeaoiay ?aoi?ia: niaea?aeaiea e i?iaeaiu //
Oeiainu. 1994. ? 8.

10) ?iaeeiiiaa A. I. Oeiainu. I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea. 1993. Ae. 3.

11) Naioyeuenii I. Yeiiiieea. I. 1992. O. 1. A e. 9, 10, 19.

12) Oeoa? N. Aei?iaoo ?. Oiaeaice ?. Yeiiiieea. I. 1993. Ae. 28, 29.

Ieai:

1. Aaaaeaiea
………………………………………………………………
……………………………1

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea oeiainiaie iieeoeee

1) ii?aaeaeaiea oeiainiaie iieeoeee
……………………………………………..2

2) o?e aeaea oeiainiaie iieeoeee
…………………………………………………..4

3. Iaoaieciu oeiainiaie iieeoeee
………………………………………………………6

4. Yeaiaiou oeiainiaie iieeoeee

1) ainoaea?noaaiiua ?anoiaeu
…………………………………………………………..8

2) iaeiaiaay iieeoeea
………………………………………………………………
….10

5. Ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao

1) ii?aaeaeaiea, oeaee
………………………………………………………………
…….13

2) ain athaeaeao 1999 a
………………………………………………………………
…….14

3) no?oeoo?a athaeaeaoa
………………………………………………………………
…..15

6. Yeiiiie/aneia iieiaeaiea ?innee
……………………………………………………..16

7. Caeeth/aiea
………………………………………………………………
…………………….. 17

8. Nienie
eeoa?aoo?u……………………………………………………..
…………………….20

Einoeooo “ANE ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaa e oi?aaeaiey ”

Yeiiiie/aneee oaeoeueoao

Ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea yeiiiieee

? A O A ? A O

Oeiainiaay iieeoeea.

Auiieieea :

Aa?oio A.I.

I?eiye:

Iaaeii

1999

Eiaeeeaoi?u. Oeiainiaue ?uiie – Yenia?o ? 31,35 .98 a

Ni. ?iaeeiiiaa A. I. Athaeaeaoiay ?aoi?ia: niaea?aeaiea e i?iaeaiu //
Oeiainu. 1994. ? 8.

Ni. Iaineia A. A. Aeaaiia — oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey // Oeiainu. 1994.
? 12.

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