E?UINEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE AA?A?IUE OIEAA?NEOAO
EAOAAe?A NOAOENOEEE E AIAEECA OICssENOAAIIIE AeAssOAEUeIINOE
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
II “AIAEECO OICssENOAAIIIE AeAssOAEUeIINOE”
IA OAIO:
«Aiaeec ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey»
IA I?EIA?A ENI «NO?AIA NIAAOIA»
IA?AIIAENEIAI ?AEIIA A? E?UI
Auiieieea nooaeaioea
4-ai eo?na Oeiainiai-o/?oiiai
oaeoeueoaoa a?oiiu 44-A
Caaaoeeay I.A
?aaioo i?iaa?eea
i?aiiaeaaaoaeue eaoaae?u
____________________
?aaioa naeaia ia eaoaae?o «___»_____________________1999 aiaea
I?iaa?aia e aeiiouaia e caueoa «___» _______________1999 aiaea
Ioeaiea ______________
Neioa?iiieue 1999 a.Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea 3
1. E?aoeay oeiainiai-yeiiiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea ENI “No?aia Niaaoia”.
4
1.1 Aiaeec i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey 4
1.2 Aiaeec yeiiiie/aneie oa?aeoa?enoeee i?iecaiaenoaa.
6
2. Aiaeec ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
12
2.1 Cia/aiea e caaea/e ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
12
2.2 Iiiyoea e ii?aaeaeaiea aaee/eiu ?aai/aai eaieoaea.
16
2.3 Niaea?aeaiea e iaoiaeeea aiaeeca ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie
iaae?aeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
18
2.4Ioeaiea ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe ENI «No?aia
Niaaoia» Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
20
Auaiaeu e i?aaeeiaeaiey. 30
Nienie eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia. 32
Aaaaeaiea
Iaoa no?aia nae/an ia?aaeeaaao ia naiua eaaeea a?aiaia, eiaaea iiiaea
aiai?yo i a? iacaaeneiinoe, eiay aaeaeo iieeoe/aneee aniaeo yoie
eaoaai?ee, ii iiaeeeiiay iacaaeneiinoue iiaeao auoue aeinoeaiooa oieueei
oiaaea, eiaaea ainoaea?noai aoaeao eiaoue yeiiiie/aneoth iacaaeneiinoue,
oi anoue ei?ieoue naie ia?iae naieie i?iaeoeoaie, i?iaeaaaoue aio
ioa/anoaaiiua oiaa?u e ia caaenaoue io eieaaaiey oeai ia oa eee eiua
oiaa?u ia ie?iauo ?uieao. Oeiainiaue e?ecen a ?innee eaoa-inaie 1998
aiaea e aai aeeyiea ia yeiiiieeo e aeaaininoiyiea oe?aeineiai ia?iaea
aeieacaee, /oi i iacaaeneiinoe Oe?aeiu a yeiiiie/aneii ioiioaiee ia
iiaeao auoue e ?a/e.
Enoi/ieeii ethaiai aiaaonoaa eee aeaaininoiyiey yaeyaony i?iecaiaenoai,
iiyoiio /oiau eiaoue n?aaenoaa aeey ono?aiaiey iineaaenoaee ?acee/iuo
e?eceniuo yaeaiee iaiaoiaeeii ?acaeaaoue eiaiii i?iecaiaenoai, eioi?ia
ia oieueei iaania/eei au oiaa?aie iaoo no?aio, ii e iicaieeei au aueoe n
ieie ia ie?iaua ?uiee. Aunieee o?iaaiue iaaeaeoia?iaeiie niaoeeaeecaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaa ia iicaieyao ethaie i?iaeoeoeee oniaoii cae?aieoueny ia
ie?iauo ?uieao, iiyoiio aeey ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa eiieo?aioiniiniaiie
i?iaeoeoeee aeieaeiu auoue ii?aaeaeaiiua i?aaeiinueee. I?e?iaeiua
oneiaey Oe?aeiu iicaieytho aiai?eoue i ?aaeueiie aiciiaeiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa eiieo?aioiniiniaiie naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
caeanue ea/anoaaiiaa e aeaoaaea, /ai yoi aeaeaaony a ae?oaeo no?aiao.
Io?aneue naeueneiai oicyenoaa iiaea au noaoue iaeiei ec enoi/ieeia
yeiiiie/aneiai i?ioeaaoaiey Oe?aeiu, ii e niaeaeaieth a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
ioa/anoaaiiua oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaee i?iaeoeoeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa, ii
iiiaei i?e/eiai, i?inoi ia eiatho n?aaenoa, aeey ii?iaeueiiai aaaeaiey
i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa. Ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, i?eiyoay a i?aeoeea auniei?acaeouo no?ai, o ian i?aeoe/anee
ia iuouaaony. Iiyoiio i?aaei?eyoeyi i?eoiaeeony naiinoiyoaeueii
ecuneeaaoue yoe n?aaenoaa. A nayce n yoei iniaoth aaaeiinoue i?eia?aoaao
oeiainiaue aiaeec, iicaieythuee auno?i e oi/ii ii?aaeaeeoue
aeaaniiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey, aiciiaeiinoue iieo/eoue e?aaeeou e
?anieaoeoueny ii naiei iaycaoaeuenoaai. Iaoiaeeea i?iecaaaeaiey
aiaeeoe/aneeo iia?aoeee ?anniao?eaaaony a yoie eo?niaie ?aaioa.
1. E?aoeay oeiainiai-yeiiiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
ENI «No?aia niaaoia» auei nicaeaii a 1996 aiaeo ia iniiaa eieoica
«No?aia niaaoia» e yaeyaony aai i?aaii?aaiieeii.
Oicyenoai iaoiaeeony a naaa?iie /anoe Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
Ianoiiieiaeaiea oicyenoaa auaiaeiia, iineieueeo iii ?aniieiaeaii a
iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeecinoe io ?aeiiiiai oeaio?a i.a.o. Ia?aiiaeneia (10
ei), a oaeaea aeecei io e?oiiiai i?iiuoeaiiiai oeaio?a ai?iaea
E?aniiia?aeiinea (30 ei), e?iia oiai aei aeeaeaeoae aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie
noaioeee Aieiea– 20 ei, ii oa??eoi?ee oicyenoaa i?ioiaeeo e?oiiay
aaoiiiaeeueiay iaaeno?aeue Neioa?iiieue-A?iyine , yoe oneiaey iiaee au
niinianoaiaaoue oniaoiie i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey. Caiee i?aaei?eyoey ?aniieiaeaiu a Noaiiii
aa?ieeeiaoe/aneii ?aeiia, oneiaey eioi?iai naiaia?aciua (canooe,
nooiaae, aieueoea eieaaaiey oaiia?aoo?, o?iii-eaooaiiaua ii/au) e aeey
aaaeaiey n.o. i?iecaiaenoaa o?aaotho aunieie eaaeeoeeaoeee ?oeiaiaenoaa.
?en.1.1 I?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneay no?oeoo?a ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
Eae ecia?aaeaii ia ?enoiea 1.1 nenoaia oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaii
ioaeaeai/aneiai oeia, oi anoue oicyenoai ?acaeoi ia ioaeaeaiey ii
oa??eoi?eaeueiiio i?eciaeo, ai aeaaa eaaeaeiai ioaeaeaiey noieo
oi?aaeythuee, eioi?ue ioaa/aao ca ana ?aaiou ia aaa?aiiii aio o/anoea.
oi?aaeythuei iiae/eiythony ana a?eaaaeu ioaeaeaiey.
Oi?aaeythuea ioaeaeaiee aianoa n aeaaiuie niaoeeaeenoaie oicyenoaa,
ioaa/athueie ca naeueneioicyenoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai iiae/eiythony
caianoeoaeth i?aaenaaeaoaey eieeaeoeaiiai naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey ii i?iecaiaenoao.
I?aaenaaeaoaeue oaeaea eiaao a nai?i iiae/eiaiee caianoeoaey ii
oicyenoaaiii-eiiia?/aneie ?aaioa, ioaa/athuaai ca niaaaeaiea e nauo
i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea niaoeeaeenoia o/?oii-yeiiiie/aneie
neoaeau.
I?aaenaaeaoaeue ecae?aaony ia io/?oii-auai?iii nia?aiee, eioi?ia
i?iaiaeeony iaeei ?ac a o?e aiaea, aaea anaie /eaiaie ENI caneooeaaaony
io/?o iuiaoiaai i?aaenaaeaoaey e i?iecaiaeyony auai?u iiaiai.
?anniio?ei ?acia?u i?aaei?eyoey e i?iecaiaenoaa a oaaeeoea 2.1.
Oaaeeoea 2.1
Aeeiaieea ?acia?ia i?iecaiaenoaa ENI « No?aia niaaoia» Ia?aiiaeneiai
?aeiia A? E?ui.
AIAeU
IIEACAOAEE 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 a % e 1995
Iauay caiaeueiay ieiuaaeue, aa
a o./. n.o. oaiaeee, aa, ec ieo
iaoiy
naaeu
aeiia?aaeieee
i?ioaaiua caiee 5476
5015
4337
541
–
3653 4816
4347
3768
550
–
3265 4816
4347
3774
371
–
3265 4623
4194
3714
371
–
3265 84,4
83,6
85,6
68,6
–
89,4
N?aaeiaaiaeiaay /eneaiiinoue ?aai/eo, /ae 564 420 374 443 78,5
Noieiinoue aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee a niiinoaaeiuo oeaiao, oun aeai. aae.
2000 830.3 2498.8 1583,1 79,2
N?aaeiaaiaeiaay noieiinoue iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, oun. a?i 55562 40572 36942
36914 66,4
N?aaeiee inoaoie iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, oun. a?i 602 1213.6 1475.3 1325,4
220,2
Onoaaiue oiiae, oun. a?i 10553 19871,1 19095,6 18892,7 179,0
Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee(aac IAeN), oun. a?i 1008 760,.4 1429,8 1603,9
128,0
Aaeainiaay i?eaueue, oun. a?i -1089 -1572.7 -690,5 -338,9 –
Cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai, oun. a?i 3487,2 2997,4 2838,6 2601,6 74,6
Aaeiaie aeioiae, oun. a?i -1680 -365.4 -107.7 -210,2 –
Iiaieiauea aeeaioiuo, one. aie. 1490 1490 534 510 34,2
Cao?aou o?oaea, oun /ae-/an 565 679 459 370 65,5
Aeeiaieea ?acia?ia i?iecaiaenoaa ENI « No?aia niaaoia» naeaeaoaeuenoaoao
i nie?auaiee ianooaaia aaaeaiey oicyenoaa, e nie?auaiea iauae caiaeueiie
ieiuaaee–ia naiay aeaaiay i?e/eia. Yoi nie?auaiea i?iecioei a nayce n
i?iaaaeaieai iaaaaiey a oicyenoaa e auoiaeii eo ENI ioaeaeueiuo
iaeueeia, ?aoeaoeo ia yoie iniiaa nicaeaoue naie oa?ia?neea
oicyenoaa–i?iecioei nie?auaiea ieiuaaeae n.o. oaiaeee e iaoie ia15-16%.
Oaeaea a oicyenoaa auea i?iecaaaeaia ?anei?/?aea noa?uo
iaeii?iaeoeoeaiuo naaeia, a ?acoeueoaoa ieiuaaee naaeia nie?aoeeenue ia
31,4%.
Iniiaiie i?e/eiie nieaeaiey iau?iia i?iecaiaenoaa noaea iioa?y
i?aaei?eyoeai aieueoae /anoe iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a ?acoeueoaoa eioeyoeee
e e?ecena, ioaaoeaoaai anth yeiiiieeo Oe?aeiu. A oicyenoaa ia oaaoaao
n?aaenoa aeey ii?iaeueiiai niaethaeaiey oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa, ia
auiieiythony ?aaiou, aac eioi?uo i iieo/aiee aunieeo o?iaeaaa ia iiaeao
auoue e ?a/e. ?aaioieee i?aaei?eyoey oaea aieaa 2-oo eao ia iieo/atho
ca?ieaoo a a? aeaiaaeiii yeaeaaeaioa, eeoue a eiioea aiaea oicyenoai
?ann/eouaaaony n ieie iaoo?iieaoie–nie?auaiea /eneaiiinoe ?aaioieeia
i?iecioei ia 31,5%.
I?aeoe/anee ia aeaa o?aoe auei nie?auaii iiaieiauea aeeaioiuo,
aeeaioiiaiaenoai au? iaaeaaii auei iaeiie ec iniiaiuo io?aneae oaia?ue
aaeaeo naiae iayooaeoeaiinoe nie?auaaony.
Ca iineaaeiea o?e aiaea oicyenoai iaeciaiii caeai/eaaei
i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ia?eiae n oauoeaie, aaeeinoaaiiie i?eaueueiie
io?aneueth auei i?iecaiaenoai ca?iiauo, yoiio niinianoaiaaee
ioiineoaeueii aunieea o?iaeae yoeo eoeueoo? ia i?ioaiee, noaaeeueiue
ni?in ia yoo i?iaeoeoeeth ia ?uiea e aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey a?
o?aiaiey e ia?a?aaioee.
Noaaeeecaoeey yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee a iineaaeiea aiaeu iicaieeee
oicyenoao ianeieueei oaaee/eoue i?iecaiaenoai eiaiii ca?iiauo e
ieiaeiauo eoeueoo? , /oi neacaeinue ia au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee, ii oai ia iaiaa oeiainiaue ?acoeueoao inoaeny
io?eoeaoaeueiui, aeaaiie i?e/eiie yoiai yaeyaony iaiaeaaeaiiinoue
nenoaiu nauoa i?iaeoeoeee.
?anniio?ei no?oeoo?o au?o/ee io ?aaeecaoeee a oicyenoaa ca iineaaeiea
aiaeu a neaaeothuae oaaeeoea.
Oaaeeoea 2.2
Aeeiaieea e no?oeoo?a ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee ENI « No?aia niaaoia»
Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
No?oeoo?a aeaiaaeiie au?o/ee yaeyaony iieacaoaeai niaoeeaeecaoeee
i?aaei?eyoey, iaeiaei a iuiaoieo oneiaeyo i?aeoe/anee ethaia oicyenoai
aeieaeii ia?aniao?eaaoue iaai? oiaa?ia, i?iecaiaeeiuo ei e iaoeaeeaaoue
aai ia iio?aaiinoe ?uiea, yoa aea neooaoeey iaaethaeaaony a ianoiyuaa
a?aiy e a ENI «No?aia niaaoia»
Aeeiaieea eciaiaiey no?oeoo?u au?o/ee io ?aaeecaoeee naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
nie?auaiee aeiee a iae au?o/ee io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa, iniiaiay ianna aeaiaaeiuo iinooieaiee i?ienoiaeeo io
?aaeecaoeee ?anoaieaaiae/aneie i?iaeoeoeee, ia a? aeieth a 1998 aiaeo
i?eoiaeeeinue aieaa 73 % au?o/ee.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a 1998 aiaeo caieiatho io?anee ca?iiaiai
iieaaiaenoaa e ieiaeiaiaenoaa, yoe io?anee eiatho iaeaieueooth
ia?niaeoeao naiaai ?acaeoey a aoaeouai, iiyoiio ?oeiaiaenoai
i?aaei?eyoey ?aoeei aeeaaeuaaoue n?aaenoaa eiaiii a ieo.
Oaeei ia?acii ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo i au?o/ea a 1998 aiaeo
niaoeeaeecaoeeth i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae ca?ii-ieiaeiaoth,
iaeiaei iaeuecy aeaoue aa?aioee, /oi iia ia eciaieony a aoaeouai.
Aunieee o?iaaiue niaoeeaeecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa oa?aeoa?ai aeey no?ai n
?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie, oaeay oceay iai?aaeaiiinoue iicaieyao
i?aaei?eyoeth oaaee/eoue eioaineaiinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue aeiaeaiey
n?aaenoa, cae?aieoueny ia ii?aaeae?iiie ?uii/iie ieoa e oaa?aiii
/oanoaiaaoue naay a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi nae/an
?oeiaiaenoai iaoiaeeony ia noaaeee iienea iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiie
niaoeeaeecaoeee.
A neaaeothuae oaaeeoea ?anniio?ei eioaineaiinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue
aaaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaa ca iineaaeiea aiaeu, iineieueeo eo o?iaaiue ai
iiiaii iaoneaaeeaatho ?acoeueoaoeaiinoue oicyenoaiaaiey aiiaua.
Oaaeeoea 2.3
O?iaaiue e aeeiaieea eioaineaiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe aaaeaiey oicyenoaa
ENI « No?aia niaaoia» Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui.
AIAeU
IIEACAOAEE 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 e 1995 ,%
Ia 100 aa n.o. oaiaeee:
Iaoie
Iniiaiuo e iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, oun a?i
Iiiaieaoieo ianaaeaeaiee, aa
Iiaieiauea neioa, one. aie.
Cao?aou o?oaea, oun /ae-/
Aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee (a nii. oeaiao), oun. aeai. aae.
Aaeiaiai aeioiaea, oun. a?i
I?eauee, oun. a?i
86,5
1138,9
10,8
29,7
11,3
39,8
–
–
86,6
961,3
12,7
34,2
15,6
19,1
–
–
86,8
883,8
8,5
12,3
18,7
57,5
–
–
88,6
911.8
8.8
12.1
8.8
37.7
–
–
102,4
80,1
81,5
40,7
77,9
84,7
–
–
Ia iaeiiai n?aaeiaaiaeiaiai ?aaioieea:
Iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, oun a?i
Yia?ai?ano?nia, e.n.
I?iecaaaeaii AI (a nii. oeaiao), oun. a?i.
100,3
51,6
3,6
96,6
47,4
2,0
98,8
53,2
6,7
83.3
48.6
3.57
83,1
94,2
99,2
I?iecaaaeaii AI ia 1 /ae-/an, (a nii. Oeaiao), a?i.
3,5
2,0
3,1
4.3
122,9
O?iaeaeiinoue iceiuo ca?iiauo, oe/aa
21,4
10,5
31,2
27.2
127,1
O?iaeaeiinoue:
einoi/eiauo, oe/aa
naia/eiauo, oe/aa
–
–
3,3
3,7
3,3
242
0.7
28.8
–
–
Oaeie iieiea ia 1 ei?iao, e
N?aaeianooi/iue i?e?ino E?N ,a
N?aaeianooi/iue i?e?ino naeiae, a 1642
327
127 889
370
120 912
165
120 1398
132
276 85,1
40,4
217,3
Cao?aou ei?iia:
ia 1oe iieiea, e.a.
ia 1 oe i?eaana E?N, e.a.
ia 1 oe i?eaana naeiae, e.a.
4,1
18,9
25,7
3,0
33,7
26,2
3,4
36,4
27,4
3.1
63.6
15.4
75,6
336,5
59,9
O?iaaiue niaieoiiie ?aioaaaeueiinoe, %
Ii?ia i?eauee, %
OAUOIE
OAUOIE
OAUOIE
OAUOIE
Eae aeaeii ec oaaeeoeu eioaineaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa, ?aaii eae e aai
yooaeoeaiinoue iaaeatho, oaaee/aiea ?yaea iieacaoaeae yooaeoeaiinoe
naycaii n nie?auaieai eiee/anoaa ?aaioieeia, caiyouo a i?iecaiaenoaa, e
oaaee/aieai i?iecaiaenoaa iaeioi?uo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, a neeo
i?e?iaeiuo oaeoi?ia.
Eaa/a anaai i?eaioe?iaaoueny a iaoo?aeueiuo iieacaoaeyo,
oa?aeoa?ecothueo oicyenoaaiiue i?ioeann, a iie naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i
iieiaeeoaeueiuo oaiaeaioeeyo a ?anoaieaaiaenoaa( o?iaeaeiinoue ca?iiauo
oaaee/eeanue ia 27,1%, oaaee/eeanue oaeaea o?iaeaeiinoue ieiaeiauo) e
io?eoeaoaeueiie a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa(oaeie iieiea ca ?anniio?aiiue ia?eiae
oiaee aaeaia, cia/eoaeueii nie?aoeeenue n?aaeianooi/iua i?e?inou E?N e
naeiae, oaaee/eeny ?anoiae ei?iia ia i?iecaiaenoai aaeeieoeu
i?iaeoeoeee).
A oeaeii iiaeii neacaoue, /oi o?iaaiue eioaineaiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaa e?aeia ieceee, a aeey aai oaaee/aiey i?aaei?eyoeth
iaiaoiaeeiu cia/eoaeueiua aeaiaaeiua «aeeaaiey», enoi/ieeii eioi?uo iia
au noaoue e?aoein?i/iue e?aaeeo.
E?ecen ia iia ia neacaoueny ia oeiainiaii ninoiyiee i?aaei?eyoey,
aaaeue aaeaaiaeii oicyenoai oa?yei ieiei ieeeeiia a?eaai oauoeia, e?iia
oiai ia?iiiua noiiu i?iaaeaea eioeyoeey, aeeiaieea eciaiaiey oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey aoaeao ?anniio?aia a ae?oaeo ?acaeaeao yoie eo?niaie ?aaiou
A oeaeii , ?anniao?eaay i?e?iaeii-yeiiiie/aneia e oeiainiaia ninoiyiea
i?aaei?eyoey, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi oicyenoai ?aniieaaaao
aieueoei iioaioeeaeii, ?aaeeciaaoue eioi?ue iaoaao iaaeinoaoie n?aaenoa.
Ecuneaiea eioi?uo aeieaeii auoue iaeiie ec iniiaiuo caaea/ ?oeiaiaenoaa
oicyenoaa ia aeaiiii yoaia, a i?ioeaiii neo/aa aio a?iceo aaie?ionoai.
2. Aiaeec ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
2.1 Cia/aiea e caaea/e ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e oeiainiaie iaae?aeiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
Oeiainiaue aiaeec yaeyaony nouanoaaiiui yeaiaioii oeiainiaiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa e aoaeeoa, I?aeoe/anee ana iieueciaaoaee oeiainiauo
io/aoia i?aaei?eyoee eniieuecotho iaoiaeu oeiainiaiai aiaeeca aeey
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee ii iioeiecaoeee naieo eioa?ania.
Nianoaaiieee aiaeece?otho oeiainiaua io/aou aeey iiauoaiey aeioiaeiinoe
eaieoaea, iaania/aiey noaaeeueiinoe iiauoaiey oe?iu. E?aaeeoi?u e
eiaanoi?u aiaeece?otho oeiainiaua io/aou, /oiau ieieiece?iaaoue naie
?enee ii caeiai e aeeaaeai. Iiaeii oaa?aei aiai?eoue, /oi ea/anoai
i?eieiaaiuo ?aoaiee oeaeeeii caaeneo io ea/anoaa aiaeeoe/aneiai
iainiiaaiey ?aoaiey. A iineaaeiea aiaeu iiyaeeinue aeinoaoi/ii iiiai
na?ueaciuo e aeooaeueiuo ioaeeeaoeee, iinayuaiiuo oeiainiaiio aiaeeco.
Aeoeaii inaaeaaaony ca?oaaaeiue iiuo oeiainiaiai aiaeeca e oi?aaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoeyie, aaieaie, no?aoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie e o.ae. Aianoa n oai
neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iaee/ea aieueoiai /enea eioa?aniuo e
i?eaeiaeueiuo ecaeaiee ii ?acee/iui aniaeoai oeiainiaiai aiaeeca ia
nieaeaao iio?aaiinoe e ni?ina ia niaoeeaeueioth iaoiaee/aneoth
eeoa?aoo?o, a eioi?ie iineaaeiaaoaeueii, oaa ca oaaii aini?iecaiaeeeanue
au eiiieaeniay eiae/anee oeaeinoiay i?ioeaaeo?a oeiainiaiai aiaeeca.
Iaoiaeeea oeiainiaiai aiaeeca ioaeia aeey iainiiaaiiiai auai?a aeaeiaiai
ia?oia?a, ii?aaeaeaiey noaiaie oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe i?aaei?eyoey,
ioeaiee aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaiui (a a ?yaea neo/aaa e aaeeinoaaiiui) enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee i
oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe aeaeiaiai ia?oia?a yaeyaony aooaaeoa?neay
io/aoiinoue, eioi?ay noaea ioaee/iie. Io/aoiinoue i?aaei?eyoey a
?uii/iie yeiiiieea aace?oaony ia iaiauaiee aeaiiuo oeiainiaiai o/aoa e
yaeyaony eioi?iaoeeiiiui caaiii, naycuaathuei i?aaei?eyoea n iauanoaii e
aeaeiauie ia?oia?aie- iieueciaaoaeyie eioi?iaoeee i aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
Noauaeoaie aiaeeca aunooiaao, eae iaiin?aaenoaaiii, oae e
iiin?aaeiaaiiith, caeioa?aniaaiiua a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
iieueciaaoaee eioi?iaoeee. E ia?aie a?oiia iieueciaaoaeae ioiinyony
nianoaaiieee n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey, caeiiaeaaoeu (aaiee e ae?.),
iinoaaueee, eeeaiou (iieoiaoaee), iaeiaiaua i?aaiu, ia?niiae
i?aaei?eyoey e ?oeiaiaenoai. Eaaeaeue noauaeo aiaeeca eco/aao
eioi?iaoeeth enoiaey ec naieo eioa?ania. Oae, nianoaaiieeai iaiaoiaeeii
ii?aaeaeeoue oaaee/aiea eee oiaiueoaiea aeiee nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea e
ioeaieoue yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia aaeieieno?aoeeae
i?aaei?eyoey; e?aaeeoi?ai e iinoaaueeai- oeaeaniia?aciinoue i?iaeeaiey
e?aaeeoa, oneiaey e?aaeeoiaaiey, aa?aioee aica?aoa e?aaeeoa;
iioaioeeaeueiui nianoaaiieeai e e?aaeeoi?ai- auaiaeiinoue iiiauaiey a
i?aaei?eyoea naieo eaieoaeia e o.ae. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi oieueei
?oeiaiaenoai (aaeieieno?aoeey) i?aaei?eyoey iiaeao oaeoaeoue aiaeec
io/aoiinoe, eniieuecoy aeaiiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o/aoa a ?aieao
oi?aaeai/aneiai aiaeeca, i?iaiaeeiiai aeey oeaeae oi?aaeaiey.
Aoi?ay a?oiia iieueciaaoaeae oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe- yoi noauaeou
aiaeeca, eioi?ua oioy iaiin?aaenoaaiii e ia caeioa?aniaaiu a
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, ii aeieaeiu ii aeiaiai?o caueuaoue ia?aie
a?oiiu iieueciaaoaeae io/aoiinoe. Yoi aoaeeoi?neea oe?iu, eiinoeueoaiou,
ae?aee th?enou, i?anna, annioeeaoeee, i?ionithcu.
A ii?aaeaeaiiuo neo/ayo aeey ?aaeecaoeee oeaeae oeiainiaiai aiaeeca
auaaao iaaeinoaoi/ii eniieueciaaoue eeoue aooaaeoa?neoth io/aoiinoue.
Ioaeaeueiua a?oiiu iieueciaaoaeae, iai?eia? ?oeiaiaenoai e aoaeeoi?u,
eiatho aiciiaeiinoue i?eaeaeaoue aeiiieieoaeueiua enoi/ieee (aeaiiua
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai e oeiainiaiai o/aoa). Oai ia iaiaa /aua anaai
aiaeiaay e eaa?oaeueiay io/aoiinoue yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui enoi/ieeii
aiaoiaai oeiainiaiai aiaeeca.
Iaoiaeeea oeiainiaiai aiaeeca ninoieo ec o?ao acaeiinaycaiiuo aeieia:
1. aiaeeca oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoia aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey;
2. aiaeeca oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey;
3. aiaeeca yooaeoeaiinoe oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaiui enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
neoaeeo aooaaeoa?neee aaeain i?aaei?eyoey (oi?ia N1 aiaeiaie e
eaa?oaeueiie io/aoiinoe). Aai cia/aiea ianoieueei aaeeei, /oi aiaeec
oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey ia?aaeei iacuaatho aiaeecii aaeaina. Enoi/ieeii
aeaiiuo aeey aiaeeca oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoia yaeyaony io/ao i oeiainiauo
?acoeueoaoao e eo eniieueciaaiee (oi?ia N 2 aiaeiaie e eaa?oaeueiie
io/aoiinoe). Enoi/ieeii aeiiieieoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee aeey eaaeaeiai ec
aeieia oeiainiaiai aiaeeca neoaeeo i?eeiaeaiea e aiaeiaie io/aoiinoe).
Iniiaiie oeaeueth oeiainiaiai aiaeeca yaeyaony iieo/aiea iaaieueoiai
/enea eeth/aauo (iaeaieaa eioi?iaoeaiuo) ia?aiao?ia, aeathueo
iauaeoeaioth e oi/ioth ea?oeio oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey, aai
i?eaueae e oauoeia, eciaiaiee a no?oeoo?a aeoeaia e ianneaia, a ?an/aoao
n aeaaeoi?aie e e?aaeeoi?aie. i?e yoii aiaeeoeea e oi?aaeythuaai
(iaiaaeaea?a) iiaeao eioa?aniaaoue eae oaeouaa oeiainiaia ninoiyiea
i?aaei?eyoey, oae e aai i?iaeoeey ia aeeaeaeooth eee aieaa ioaeaeaiioth
ia?niaeoeao, o.a. iaeeaeaaiua ia?aiao?u oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey.
Ii ia oieueei a?aiaiiua a?aieoeu ii?aaeaeytho aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue oeaeae
oeiainiaiai aiaeeca. Iie caaenyo oaeaea io oeaeae noauaeoia oeiainiaiai
aiaeeca, o.a. eiie?aoiuo iieueciaaoaeae oeiainiaie eioi?iaoeee.
Oeaee aiaeeca aeinoeaathony a ?acoeueoaoa ?aoaiey ii?aaeaeaiiiai
acaeiinaycaiiiai iaai?a aiaeeoe/aneeo caaea/. Aiaeeoe/aneay caaea/a
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiie?aoecaoeeth oeaeae aiaeeca n o/aoii
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, eioi?iaoeeiiiuo, oaoie/aneeo e iaoiaee/aneeo
aiciiaeiinoae i?iaaaeaiey aiaeeca. Iniiaiui oaeoi?ii a eiia/iii n/aoa
yaeyaony iauai e ea/anoai enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee. I?e yoii iaaei eiaoue a
aeaeo, /oi ia?eiaee/aneay aooaaeoa?neay eee oeiainiaay io/aoiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey -yoi eeoue “nu?ay eioi?iaoeey”, iiaeaioiaeaiiay a oiaea
auiieiaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee o/aoiuo i?ioeaaeo?.
*oiau i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey ii oi?aaeaieth a iaeanoe i?iecaiaenoaa, nauoa,
oeiainia, eiaanoeoeee e iiaiaaaaeaiee ?oeiaiaenoao ioaeia iinoiyiiay
aeaeiaay inaaaeiieaiiinoue ii niioaaonoaothuei aii?inai, eioi?ay
yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii ioai?a, aiaeeca, ioeaiee e eiioeaio?aoeee
enoiaeiie nu?ie eioi?iaoeee. iaiaoiaeeii aiaeeoe/aneia i?i/oaiea
enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo enoiaey ec oeaeae aiaeeca e oi?aaeaiey.
Iniiaiie i?eioeei aiaeeoe/aneiai /oaiey oeiainiauo io/aoia- yoi
aeaaeoeoeaiue iaoiae, o.a. io iauaai e /anoiiio, Ii ii aeieaeai
i?eiaiyoueny iiiaie?aoii. A oiaea oaeiai aiaeeca eae au aini?iecaiaeeony
enoi?e/aneay e eiae/aneay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue oicyenoaaiiuo oaeoia e
niauoee, iai?aaeaiiinoue e neea aeeyiey eo ia ?acoeueoaou
aeayoaeueiinoe.
I?aeoeea oeiainiaiai aiaeeca oaea au?aaioaea iniiaiua i?aaeea /oaiey
(iaoiaeeeo aiaeeca) oeiainiauo io/aoia. N?aaee ieo iiaeii auaeaeeoue 6
iniiaiuo iaoiaeia:
ai?eciioaeueiue (a?aiaiiie) aiaeec – n?aaiaiea eaaeaeie iiceoeee
io/aoiinoe n i?aaeuaeouei ia?eiaeii;
aa?oeeaeueiue (no?oeoo?iue) aiaeec – ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u eoiaiauo
oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae n auyaeaieai aeeyiey eaaeaeie iiceoeee io/aoiinoe
ia ?acoeueoao a oeaeii;
o?aiaeiaue aiaeec – n?aaiaiea eaaeaeie iiceoeee io/aoiinoe n ?yaeii
i?aaeoanoaothueo ia?eiaeia e ii?aaeaeaiea o?aiaea, o.a iniiaiie
oaiaeaioeee aeeiaieee iieacaoaey, i/euaiiie io neo/aeiuo aeeyiee e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae ioaeaeueiuo ia?eiaeia. N iiiiuueth
o?aiaea oi?ie?otho aiciiaeiua cia/aiey iieacaoaeae a aoaeouai, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, aaaeaony ia?niaeoeaiue i?iaiiciue aiaeec;
aiaeec ioiineoaeueiuo iieacaoaeae (eiyooeoeeaioia) – ?an/ao ioiioaiee
iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie iiceoeeyie io/aoa eee iiceoeeyie ?aciuo oi?i
io/aoiinoe, ii?aaeaeaiea acaeiinaycae iieacaoaeae;
n?aaieoaeueiue (i?ino?ainoaaiiue) aiaeec – yoi eae aioo?eoicyenoaaiiue
aiaeec naiaeiuo iieacaoaeae io/aoiinoe ii ioaeaeueiui iieacaoaeyi oe?iu,
aei/a?ieo oe?i, iiae?acaeaeaiee, oeaoia, oae e iaaeoicyenoaaiiue aiaeec
iieacaoaeae aeaiiie oe?iu n iieacaoaeyie eiieo?aioia, ni
n?aaeiaio?aneaauie e n?aaeieie oicyenoaaiiuie aeaiiuie;
oaeoi?iue aiaeec – aiaeec aeeyiey ioaeaeueiuo oaeoi?ia (i?e/ei) ia
?acoeueoaoeaiue iieacaoaeue n iiiiuueth aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiuo eee
noioanoe/aneeo i?eaiia enneaaeiaaiey. I?e/ai oaeoi?iue aiaeec iiaeao
auoue eae i?yiui (nianoaaiii aiaeec), eiaaea ae?iayo ia ninoaaiua /anoe,
oae e ia?aoiui (neioac), eiaaea aai ioaeaeueiua yeaiaiou niaaeeiytho a
iauee ?acoeueoaoeaiue iieacaoaeue.
2.2 Iiiyoea e ii?aaeaeaiea aaee/eiu ?aai/aai eaieoaea.
Oeiainiaua ?ano?nu oicyenoaothuaai noauaeoa i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa, eiathueany a aai ?anii?yaeaiee. Oeiainiaua ?ano?nu
iai?aaeythony ia ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa, niaea?aeaiea e ?acaeoea
iauaeoia iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u, iio?aaeaiea,a oaeaea iiaoo
inoaaaoueny a ?aca?aa. Oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, eniieuecoaiua ia ?acaeoea
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi?aiaiai i?ioeanna, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eaieoae a aai
aeaiaaeiie oi?ia.
Oaeei ia?acii, eaieoae -oi /anoue oeiainiauo ?ano?nia Eaieoae – yoi
noieiinoue, i?eiinyuay i?eaaai/ioth noieiinoue.
Oieueei aeiaeaiea eaieoaea a oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, aai
eiaanoe?iaaiea nicaeatho i?eaueue
A no?oeoo?o eaieoaea aoiaeyo aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa, aeiaeaiiua
a iniiaiua oiiaeu, iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau, iai?ioiua oiiaeu,
oiiaeu ia?auaiey.
Iai?ioiua oiiaeu ii aauanoaaiiiio niaea?aeaieth i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
caianu nu?uey, iieooaa?eeaoia, oiieeaa, oa?o, ?anoiaeu aoaeoueo
ia?eiaeia, iaeioeaiiua e auno?ieciaoeaathueany i?aaeiaou.
Iai?ioiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu i?eieiatho iaeiie?aoiia o/anoea a
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi?aiaii i?ioeanna, eciaiyy i?e yoii naith
aauanoaaiii-iaoo?aeueioth oi?io. Eo noieiinoue iieiinoueth ia?aiineony
ia aiiaue i?iecaaaeaiiue i?iaeoeo. Iniiaiia iacia/aiea iai?ioiuo oiiaeia
caeeth/aaony a iaania/aiee iai?a?uaiinoe e ?eoie/iinoe i?iecaiaenoaa.
Oiiaeu ia?auaiey naycaiu n ianeoaeeaaieai i?ioeanna ia?auaiey
oiaa?ia. Iie aeeth/atho i?iecaaaeaiioth, ii ia ?aaeeciaaiioth
i?iaeoeoeeth, caianu oiaa?ia, aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa a eanna e a ?an/aoao
e ae?. Ii oa?aeoa?o o/anoey a i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi?aiaii i?ioeanna
iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa e oiiaeu ia?auaiey oanii acaeiinaycaiu e iinoiyiii
ia?aoiaeyo ec noa?u i?iecaiaenoaa a noa?o ia?auaiey e iaiai?io, o.a. ec
iaeieo oiiaeia ia?aoiaeyo a ae?oaea.
Iiyoiio iie o/eouaathony eae aaeeiua iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa. Aeaiaaeiua
n?aaenoaa, aeiaeaiiua a iai?ioiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu e oiiaeu
ia?auaiey, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa (iai?ioiue eaieoae).
A yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a /anoi ano?a/aaony iiiyoea «?aai/ee eaieoae»,
i?e/?i o?aeoiaea yoiai iiiyoey ?acee/ia – iaeia a?oiia yeiiiienoia
iiae?acoiaaaao iiae yoei oa?ieiii anth noiio iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa
i?aaei?eyoey (iai?ioiue eaieoae), nianoaaiiua iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa
iacuaathony eie /enoui iai?ioiui eaieoaeii.
Ae?oaay a?oiia o/?iuo-yeiiiienoia n/eoatho eaieoaeii oieueei nianoaaiiua
n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey, iiyoiio ?aai/ei eaieoaeii iacuaatho oieueei
nianoaaiiua iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa.
Iai?ioiua ?ano?nu i?aaei?eyoey oi?ie?othony ca n/?o nianoaaiiuo e
ca?iiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey e /anoi a eeoa?aoo?a iacuaathony
oaeoueie aeoeaaie. E?aoein?i/iua ca?iiua n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey,
yaeythueany enoi/ieeii oaeoueo aeoeaia, iacuaathony oaeoueie ianneaaie.
Oaeei ia?acii , niaeanii ia?aie eiioeaioeee, ?aai/ei eaieoaeii
i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony any noiia aai iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa. Aoi?ay
eiioeaioeey i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?an/?o ?aai/aai eaieoaea eae ?aciinoue
iaaeaeo oaeoueie aeoeaaie e oaeoueie ianneaaie i?aaei?eyoey.
2.3 Niaea?aeaiea e iaoiaeeea aiaeeca ieaoaaeaniiniainoe e oeiainiaie
iaae?aeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Oeiainiaia ninoiyiea yaeyaony eiiieaeniui iiiyoeai , eioi?ia caaeneo io
iiiaeo oaeoi?ia e oa?aeoa?ecoaony nenoaiie iieacaoaeae , io?aaeathueo
iaee/ea e ?aciauaiea n?aaenoa , ?aaeueiua e iioaioeeaeueiua oeiainiaua
aiciiaeiinoe .
Iniiaiuie iieacaoaeyie , oa?aeoa?ecothueie oeiainiaia ninoiyiea
i?aaei?eyoey , yaeythony : iaania/aiiinoue nianoaaiiuie iai?ioiuie
n?aaenoaaie e eo nio?aiiinoue ; ninoiyiea ii?ie?oaiuo caiania
iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae ; yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey aaieianeiai
e?aaeeoa e aai iaoa?eaeueiia iaania/aiea ; ioeaiea onoie/eainoe
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey . Aiaeec oaeoi?ia , ii?aaeaeythueo
oeiainiaia ninoiyiea , niinianoaoao auyaeaieth ?aca?aia e ?inoo
yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa .
Oeiainiaia ninoiyiea caaeneo io anao noi?ii aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee
: io auiieiaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ieaiia , nieaeaiey naaanoieiinoe
i?iaeoeoeee e oaaee/aiey i?eauee , ?inoa yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa , a
oaeaea io oaeoi?ia , aeaenoaothueo a noa?a ia?auaiey e naycaiiuo n
i?aaiecaoeeae iai?ioa oiaa?iuo e aeaiaaeiuo oiiaeia – oeo/oaiey
acaeiinaycae n iinoaaueeaie nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia , iieoiaoaeyie
i?iaeoeoeee , niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?ioeannia ?aaeecaoeee e ?an/aoia I?e
aiaeeca iaiaoiaeeii auyaeoue i?e/eiu iaonoie/eaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoey e iaiaoeoue iooe aai oeo/oaiey.
Yeiiiie/aneee iioaioeeae oicyenoaothuaai noauaeoa iiaeao auoue
ioa?aeoa?eciaai aeaiyei: n iiceoeee eiouanoaaiiiai iieiaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoey e n iiceoeee aai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey. Iaa yoe noi?iiu
oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe acaeiinaycaiu – ia?aoeeiiaeueiay
no?oeoo?a eiouanoaa, aai iaea/anoaaiiue ninoaa iiaoo i?eaanoe e
oooaeoaieth oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey e iaiai?io.
Onoie/eainoue oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie caaeneo io oeaeaniia?aciinoe e i?aaeeueiinoe aeiaeaiey
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a aeoeau. Aeoeau aeeiaie/iu ii naiae i?e?iaea. A
i?ioeanna ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey e aaee/eia aeoeaia e eo
no?oeoo?a i?aoa?iaaatho iinoiyiiua eciaiaiey. Iaeaieaa iauaa
i?aaenoaaeaiea ia eiaaoeo ianoi ea/anoaaiiuo eciaiaieyo a no?oeoo?a
n?aaenoa e eo enoi/ieeia, a oaeaea aeeiaieea yoeo eciaiaiee iiaeii
iieo/eoue n iiiiuueth aa?oeeaeueiiai e ai?eciioaeueiiai aiaeeca
io/?oiinoe.
Aa?oeeaeueiue aiaeec iieacuaaao no?oeoo?o n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey e eo
enoi/ieeia, iaiaoiaeeiinoue e oeaeaniia?aciinoue i?iaaaeaiey yoiai
aiaeeca caeeth/aaony a :
ia?aoiae e ioiineoaeueiui iieacaoaeyi iicaieyao i?iaiaeeoue
iaaeoicyenoaaiiua n?aaiaiey yeiiiie/aneiai iioaioeeaea e ?acoeueoaoia
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee, ?acee/athueony ii aaee/eia eniieuecoaiuo
?ano?nia;
ioiineoaeueiua iieacaoaee a ii?aaeae?iiie noaiaie naeaaeeaatho
iaaaoeaiia aeeyiea eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia, eioi?ua iiaoo nouanoaaiii
eneaaeaoue aaniethoiua iieacaoaee oeiainiaie io/?oiinoe.
Aa?oeeaeueiiio aiaeeco iiaeii iiaeaa?aaoue eeai enoiaeioth io/?oiinoue,
eeai iiaeeoeoee?iaaiioth io/?oiinoue (n oe?oii?iiie eee
o?ainoi?ie?iaaiiie iiiaieeaoo?ie noaoae).
Ai?eciioaeueiue aiaeec io/?oiinoe caeeth/aaony a iino?iaiee iaeiie eee
ianeieueeeo aiaeeoe/aneeo oaaeeoe, a eioi?uo aaniethoiua iieacaoaee
aeiiieiythony ioiineoaeueiuie oaiiaie ?inoa (nieaeaiey). Noaiaiue
aa?aae?iaaiiinoe iieacaoaeae ii?aaeaeyaony aiaeeoeeii, eae i?aaeei,
aa?oony aaceniua oaiiu ?inoa ca ?yae eao (niaaeiuo ia?eiaeia), /oi
iicaieyao aiaeece?iaaoue ia oieueei eciaiaiey ioaeaeueiuo iieacaoaeae,
ii e i?iaiice?iaaoue eo cia/aiey.
Ai?eciioaeueiue e aa?oeeaeueiue aiaeecu acaeiiaeiiieiytho ae?oa ae?oaa,
iiyoiio ia i?aeoeea ia?aaeei no?iyo aiaeeoe/aneea oaaeeoeu,
oa?aeoa?ecothuea eae no?oeoo?o io/?oiie aooaaeoa?neie oi?iu, oae e
aeeiaieeo ioaeaeueiuo a? iieacaoaeae.
Aaaeiie a?oiiie iieacaoaeae oa?aeoa?ecothueo oeiainiaia ninoiyiea
i?aaei?eyoey yaeythony iieacaoaee eeeaeaeiinoe – iie oa?aeoa?ecotho
aiciiaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoey iiaaneoue naie e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa
ca n/ao naieo oaeoueo aeoeaia.
N?aaee iieacaoaeae eeeaeaeiinoe ?ann/eouaatho neaaeothuea iieacaoaee:
Eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe – iieacuaathuee eaeay /anoue
oaeouae caaeieaeaiiinoe iiaeao auoue iiaaoaia ca n/ao aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa e auno?i?aaeecoaiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa (ii?iaoea 20-30%).
Eiyooeoeeaio n?i/iie eeeaeaeiinoe – iieacuaathuee eaeay /anoue oaeouae
caaeieaeaiiinoe iiaeao auoue iiaaoaia ia oieueei ca n/ao aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa e auno?i?aaeecoaiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa, ii e iaeeaeaaiuo iinooieaiee
io aeaaeoi?ia (ii?iaoea 70-80%).
Eiyooeoeeaio iauae eeeaeaeiinoe – iicaieyao onoaiiaeoue, a eaeie ia?a
oaeouea aeoeau iie?uaatho e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa (ii?iaoea
200-250%).
Iai?ioiue eaieoae – naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i?i i?aauoaiea oaeoueo aeoeaia
iaae e?aoein?i/iuie iaycaoaeuenoaaie, ia iauae eeeaeaeiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
Eiyooeoeeaio eeeaeaeiinoe iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae – iieacuaaao a eaeie
noaiaie iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe (caianu e cao?aou) iie?uaatho
e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa.
Eiyooeoeeaio eeeaeaeiinoe n?aaenoa a ?an/aoao – iieacuaaao a eaeie
noaiaie iaeeaeaaiua iinooieaiey io aeaaeoi?ia aoaeoo eniieueciaaiu aeey
iiaaoaiey e?aoein?i/iuo iaycaoaeuenoa.
Eiyooeoeeaio niioiioaiey aeaaeoi?neie e e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe –
iieacuaaao ?acia? e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe ia 1a?i. aeaaeoi?neie.
Eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe – iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa aeiaeaia a iaeaieaa eeeaeaeiua aeoeau (ii?iaoea >= 0,5).
Ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue oa?aeoa?ecoao aiciiaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoey
inouanoaeyoue i/a?aaeiua ieaoaaee e auiieiyoue aeaiaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa
ca n/ao iaee/iuo n?aaenoa, a oaeaea eaaei iiaeeecoaiuo aeoeaia. N?aaee
iieacaoaeae ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe ?ann/eouaatho:
Eiyooeoeeaio yeiiiie/aneie iacaaeneiinoe (aaoiiiiee) – oa?aeoa?ecoao
/anoue nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa a iauae noieiinoe eiouanoaa (>0,5).
Eiyooeoeeaio oeiaine?iaaiey – iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey oeiaine?oaony ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa (>1).
Eiyooeoeeaio caaeieaeaiiinoe – iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey oeiaine?oaony ca n/ao caaiiuo n?aaenoa (0,8).
Eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe oiaa?iuo caiania – iieacuaaao, eaeay /anoue
oiaa?iuo caiania iie?uaaaony ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa (>0,5).
Eiyooeoeeaio iaania/aiiinoe iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa – iieacuaaao, eaeay
/anoue iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa iie?uaaaony ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa
(>0,5).
Eiia/iue auaiae i oeiainiaii ninoiyiee i?aaei?eyoey aiciiaeii naeaeaoue
oieueei iinea ?an/aoa iaiauathueo iieacaoaeae oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe
i?aaei?eyoey oa?aeoa?ecothueo iaee/ea ?ano?nia o i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea
eo aeinoaoi/iinoue aeey oi?ie?iaaiey caiania e cao?ao..
I?e ioeaiea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey neaaeoao o/eouaaoue /oi:
Anee A1, A2, A3 > 0 oi i?aaei?eyoea eiaao aaniethoioth oeiainiaoth
ninoiyoaeueiinoue;
Anee A1 0, A3 > 0, oi ii?iaeueioth;
Anee A1 0, oi ianoieeia oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea;
Anee A1 Oaaeeoea 2.2
Ai?eciioaeueiue aiaeec aaeaina ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
ia/aei 1998a. oaaee/eeenue aieaa /ai ia 43%, a e 1999a. nieceeenue ia
10,34% ii n?aaiaieth n 1998a, a ia?aii neo/aa ?ino aue aucaai
eioeyoeeiiiuie i?ioeannaie, a iineaaeothuaa nieaeaiea aaeaaiaeiuie
oauoeaie e iioa?yie iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a ?acoeueoaoa yoiai.
Aaethoa aaeaina a ianneaiie /anoe nieceeanue ec-ca oiaiueoaiey eaieoaea
e ?aca?aia ia 3,32 % a 1997 e ia 3,98% a 1998a. Yoi yaeeinue
?acoeueoaoii cia/eoaeueiuo oauoeia iiian?iiuo i?aaei?eyoeai a yoe aiaeu.
Eae iieiaeeoaeueiue oaeoi? iiaeii ioiaoeoue ?ino noiiu aii?oecaoeeiiiuo
io/eneaiee ia iieiia ainnoaiiaeaiea ia 60,77%(1997 a.) e 4,82 % (1998
a.), oae eae yoe n?aaenoaa a aeaeueiaeoai iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu ia
eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey aeey iaiiaeaiey neeueii eciineaoeony iniiaiuo
n?aaenoa oicyenoaa.
Eoae iu aeaeei, /oi a ?acoeueoaoa ieceie yooaeoeaiinoe aeiaeaiey
iaiiiai/eneaiiuo n?aaenoa e aaeaaiaeiuo oauoeia, aeaaea ia niio?y ia
eioeyoeeth, noiia eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey nie?auaaony. Aianoa n yoei
nie?auaaony e aeiey nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa a eiouanoaa (ia 3-4 % a aiae)
i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii oaaee/aiee ca?iiuo ianneaia, i?e oaeeo oaiiao i?e
iuiaoiai oaeaeueiii aana nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa 92,7 % i?aaei?eyoea aeae?o
aaie?ionoai /a?ac 10-15 eao, /oi aea?o a?aiy aeey aui?aaeaiey
nouanoaothuaai iieiaeaiey. Ii i?e nouanoaothuai oaiia nieaeaiey aeiee
iai?ioiuo aeoeaia (i?eia?ii 10 % a aiae) e eo e?aeia ieceie
iaania/aiiinoe (6-7 % a eiouanoaa) i?aaei?eyoea oaea /a?ac 2-3 aiaea ia
a ninoiyiee aoaeao ii?iaeueii aanoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiue i?ioeann, /oi
oaaee/eo aai oauoee e cia/eoaeueii onei?eo aaie?ionoai.
Oaaeeoea 2.3
Aiaeec eeeaeaeiinoe ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
Ec oaaeeoeu 2.3 aeaeii, /oi aaeain i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony eeeaeaeiui, oae
eae iii eiaao /enoue iai?ioiue eaieoae e aai oaeouea aeoeau i?aauoatho
oaeouea iaycaoaeuenoaa ia 594,5 oun. a?i. ia ia/aei 1997 a., 645,2 oun.
a?i. ia 01.01.98 a. e 540,9 oun. a?i. ia ia/aei 1999 a. Iaeiaei iaeuecy
neacaoue, /oi i?aaei?eyoea eiaao aaniethoii eeeaeaeiue aaeain, oae eae
eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe ia 01.01.99 a. ?aaai 0, aaaeue
oicyenoai ia ?aniieaaaao aeaiaaeiuie n?aaenoaaie , a ie?iaie aea
i?aeoeea n/eoaaony aeinoaoi/iui, anee aaee/eia yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa
ninoaaeyao 20-30%. Iaeiaei yoi auneacuaaiea iaeuecy i?eieiaoue n iieiie
oaa?aiiinoueth, oae eae a aaeaina io?aaeathony n?aaenoaa ia
ii?aaeaeaiiue iiiaio a?aiaie, a aeaiueae iiaoo iinooieoue /a?ac 2-3 aeiy
iinea aai ninoaaeaiey.
Cia/aiea eiyooeoeeaioa n?i/iie eeeaeaeiinoe n/eoaaony ii?iaeueiui a
aeeaiaciia 0,7- 0,8. Anee ia 01.01.97 a. yoio eiyooeoeeaio ninoaaeye
0,111937, a ia 01.01.98 a. - 0,123791 /oi yaii iaaeinoaoi/ii, oi oaea ia
ia/aei 1999 a. aeaiiue eiyooeoeeaio ninoaaee 0,155806, o.a. i?aaei?eyoea
ia eiiaoe 1998 aiaea, ca n/ao iaeeaeaaiuo iinooieaiee io aeaaeoi?ia,
iiaeao iiaaneoue eeoue 15,6 % e?aoein?i/iuo caeiia, /oi oaeaea yaeyaony
e?aeia iaaeinoaoi/iui .
Eiyooeoeeaio iauae eeeaeaeiinoe ca 1998 aiae oiaiueoeeny ia 5,8 %, e i?e
iioeiaeueiii cia/aiee 2-2,5 yaeyaony iaaeinoaoi/iui ii aaee/eia.
Cia/aiea aeaiiiai eiyooeoeeaioa aiai?eo i iaiaoiaeeiinoe nie?auaiey
noiiu e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, eae enoi/ieea oi?ie?iaaiey
iai?ioiuo aeoeaia.
Eiyooeoeeaio iaiaa?aiiinoe ii n?aaiaieth n ia/aeii 1998 aiaea nie?aoeeny
ia 4,1% e yaeyaony aeaeaei ia iioeiaeueiui (>,= 0,5). Yoi aiai?eo i oii,
/oi i?aaei?eyoea naith iniiaioth /anoue iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa oi?ie?oao ca
n/ao caaiiuo n?aaenoa. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao aaee/eia eiyooeoeeaioa
niioiioaiey e?aaeeoi?neie e aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, iaeiaei ii
iacia/eoaeueii oeo/oeeny. Anee ia ia/aei 1998 aiaea i?aaei?eyoea ia 1
a?eaio aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe i?eaeaeaei 8,56 a?eaiu
e?aaeeoi?neie, oi ia eiiaoe aiaea aeaiiia niioiioaiea ninoaaeei 7,63
a?i.
Oaaeeoea 2.4
Aiaeec ieao?aeaniiniaiinoe ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
Aeaiiua ?an/aoia naeaeaoaeuenoaotho ia oooaeoaiee oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoey. Oae eiyooeoeeaio yeiiiie/aneie iacaaeneiinoe oiaiueoeeny a
n?aaiaiee n ia/aeii 1998 a. ia 2 %, oi anoue ia eiiaoe ia?eiaea
i?aaei?eyoea 92,7 % eiouanoaa iie?uaaei ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa.
Eiyooeoeeaio oeiaine?iaaiey ia eiaao /?oeie oaiaeaioeee . Anee ia ia/aei
1997 a. ia 1 a?eaio caaiiuo n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoea eniieueciaaei 33,08
a?i. nianoaaiiuo, oi ia eiiaoe 1998 a. cia/aiea yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa
?acei nie?aoeeinue aei 18,06, a caoai iacia/eoaeueii au?inei ia 1,03
a?i., iaeiaei neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?aaei?eyoea eiaao aaee/eio yoiai
eiyooeoeeaioa ia eiiaoe io/aoiiai ia?eiaea ia 18,1 aieueoa /ai aai
e?eoe/aneia cia/aiea (> eee = 1), iaeiaei i?e/eiu yoiai iu ?anniio?aee
?aiaa e naeaeaee auaiae, /oi yoio iieacaoaeue ia aeieaeai auoue iniiaiui
i?e ioeaiea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey.
I?i oooaeoaiea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoea naeaeaoaeuenoaoao
oaeaea oaaee/aiea eiyooeoeeaioa caaeieaeaiiinoe, oi anoue aai
caaeneiinoue io caaiiuo n?aaenoa aic?inea ia 0,023 a n?aaiaiee n ia/aeii
1998 a. Oiaiueoaiea eiyooeoeeaioia iaania/aiiinoe oaeaea
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia oooaeoaiee oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey.
Eae oaea auei ioia/aii i?e nio?aiaiee oaeeo oaiaeaioeee e a aeaeueiaeoai
i?aaei?eyoey iaieioaii aeae?o aaie?ionoai.
Oaaeeoea 2.5
Iaiauathuea iieacaoaee oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe ENI «No?aia Niaaoia»
Aiaeec oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe iieacae, /oi i?aaei?eyoea ia ia/aei 1999
aiaea eae e ia ia/aei i?aaeuaeoueo eao iaoiaeeony a e?eceniii iieiaeaiee
e, a n?aaiaiee n ia/aeii 1997 a. noiia iaaeinoa/e n?aaenoa ia
oi?ie?iaaiea caiania e cao?ao oaaee/eeanue ia 306,6 a?i.
Auaiaeu e i?aaeeiaeaiey
ENI “No?aia Niaaoia” Ia?aiiaeneiai ?aeiia A? E?ui yaeyaony oicyenoaii
n?aaeieo ?acia?ia, ca?ii-ieiaeiaiai iai?aaeaiey. E niaeaeaieth, a nayce
n oyae?eui yeiiiie/aneei iieiaeaieai i?aaei?eyoea eniuouaaao aeoaieee
e?ecen niaaea i?iecaiaenoaa. Iniiaiay i?e/eia yoiai–iaaeinoaoie
n?aaenoa, eioi?ue ia iicaieyao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue oicyenoaaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue ia aeieaeiii o?iaia. A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai i?aaei?eyoea ia
a ninoiyiee i?iecaiaeeoue aeaaea eeth/aaua aeaeu naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
?aaio, ii?aaeaeythueo aoaeouea o?iaeae e aunieoth yooaeoeaiinoue
aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa e iieo/aiey i?eaueae ia yoe ?ano?nu. A iineaaeiea
aiaeu i?aeoe/anee ia iaiiaeythony iniiaiua n?aaenoaa oicyenoaa, ENI
ian?o oauoee e a ?acoeueoaoa eo oa?yao e iai?ioiua ?ano?nu.
Oaeia iieiaeaiea anoanoaaiii ia iiaei ia neacaoueny ia oeiainiaii
ninoiyiee i?aaei?eyoey. A aeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaioa auea i?eiaiaia iaeia
ec nouanoaothueo iaoiaeee ioeaiee oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey oicyenoaothueo
noauaeoia, niaea?aeaiea eioi?ie naiaeeony e ioeaiea eiouanoaaiiiai
iieiaeaiey oicyenoaa (aa?oeeaeueiue e ai?eciioaeueiue aiaeec aaeaina),
ioeaiea eeeaeaeiinoe aaeaina i?aaei?eyoey, ioeaiea ieao?aeaniiniaiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey e ioeaiea oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe. I?iecaaae?iiua ?an/?ou
iicaieytho naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu:
nianoaaiiua enoi/ieee n?aaenoa caieiatho a ianneaao i?aaei?eyoey
iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan, i?e/eia yoiai iaiaeiie?aoiia i?iaaaeaiea
eiaeaenaoeee noieiinoe iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ay ia i?eaiaeeo e
ea/anoaaiiui eciaiaieyi, iiyoiio aeaiiue iieacaoaeue ia iiaeao
caniao?eaaoueny eae ii?aaeaeythuee oeiainiaoth onoie/eainoue
i?aaei?eyoey;
a ?acoeueoaoa ieceie yooaeoeaiinoe aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa e oauoeia noiia
eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee, aeaaea ia niio?y ia
eioeyoeeth, nie?auaaony, i?ienoiaeeo nie?auaiea nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia
n?aaenoa e iai?ioiuo aeoeaia, a ?acoeueoaoa yoiai i?aaei?eyoea a
aeeaeaeoea aiaea iiaeao ieacaoueny ia ii?iaa aaie?ionoaa;
aaeain i?aaei?eyoey a oeaeii yaeyaony eeeaeaeiui, iaeiaei cia/aiey
iieacaoaeae eeeaeaeiinoe cia/eoaeueii ieaea ii?iu, oicyenoai iiaeao
auno?i ?ann/eoaoueny oieueei ii 15,6 % naieo iaycaoaeuenoa;
?an/?ou iieacaoaeae ieao?aeaniiniaiinoe iieacaee oooaeoaiea oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoey, i?aeoe/anee ana eiyooeoeeaiou eiatho
io?eoeaoaeueioth oaiaeaioeeth;
aiaeec oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe iieacae, /oi i?aaei?eyoea iaoiaeeony a
e?aeia e?eceniii iieiaeaiee.
A ea/anoaa i?aaeeiaeaiee ii auoiaeo ec e?eceniie neooaoeee neaaeoao
?anniao?eaaoue neaaeothuea:
oicyenoao neaaeoao ia?aniio?aoue iaai? i?iaeoeoeee, i?iecaiaeeiie ei e
naeaeaoue oii? ia n.o. i?iaeoeou iieuecothueany onoie/eaui ni?inii, /oi
aeieaeii i?eaianoe iaeioi?oth noaaeeueiinoue a iinooieaiea aeioiaeia
i?aaei?eyoey e oi?ie?iaaiea iai?ioiuo ?ano?nia;
e i?ioeanno aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa a oo eee eioth eoeueoo?o neaaeoao
iiaeoiaeeoue eae e eiaanoeoeeiiiiio i?iaeoo n iaycaoaeueiui ?an/?oii
athaeaeaoa cao?ao e aeioiaeia, e ioeaiea yoeo i?iaeoia neaaeoao
iiaeoiaeeoue n o/?oii nouanoaothueo iaoiaeee, yoi iicaieeo iiauneoue
yooaeoeaiinoue aeiaeaiey n?aaenoa;
iniaia aieiaiea neaaeoao ia?aoeoue ia i?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey e
eniieueciaaiey iai?ioiuo ?ano?nia, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a
aeinoaoi/iii eiee/anoaa aeey aaaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e iaania/aiey
ieao?aeaniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey;
a ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia iai?ioiuo ?ano?nia iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny
e?aoein?i/iue aaieianeee e?aaeeo iiae i?iecaiaenoai eiie?aoiuo eoeueoo?,
aaenaeueiue e?aaeeo, oiaa?iue e?aaeeo e ae?oaea enoi/ieee
oeiaine?iaaiey.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia
Ai?no E, I.?aaaioeio “Yeiiiieea oe?iu” ecae. “Aunoay oeiea” 1993 a.
Aaeaiia I.E., Oa?aiao A.Ae. “Oai?ey yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca” Iineaa
“Oeiainu e noaoenoeea”, 1993 a.
Eiaae?a A. A. Oeiainiaue aiaeec: Oi?aaeaiea eaieoaeii. Auai?
eiaanoeoeee. Aiaeec io/aoiinoe. -2-a ecaeaiea, ia?a?aa. e aeii. -I.:
Oeiainu e noaoenoeea,1998.-512 n.
Ieaeaeeoii Ae. Aooaaeoa?neee o/?o e i?eiyoea oeiainiauo ?aoaiee. Ia?.
naiae.; Iiae ?aae. E. E. Aeenaaaie -I. :Aoaeeo, THIEOE, 1997.- 408 n.
Iaeee A.O., E.I. Nocaeaeueoeaaa A.I. Eiceiaa, I.A. Ia?aoooei, O.I.
Aaa/aiei “Aooaaeoa?neee o/ao a i?iiuoeaiiinoe” Iineaa “Oeiainu e
noaoenoeea” 1993 a.
?iaeeiiiaa A.I., Oaaeioiaa I.A. “Oeiainiaay onoie/eainoue i?aaei?eyoey a
oneiaeyo eioeyoeee” Iineaa “Ia?niaeoeaa” 1995
Oaoieei – yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec i?iecaiaenoaaiii – oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee ecae. “Iaoeiino?iaiea” – 1989 a.
Oa?aiao A.Ae. “Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec a oi?aaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaii” 1984a.
Oa?aiao A.Ae., Naeooeei ?.N. “Iaoiaeeea oeiainiaiai aiaeeca” Iineaa
“Eio?a-I” 1995
Oeoeei A. E., N.N. Aa?oaiyi , A.A. Iee?theia “Aooaaeoa?neee o/ao e
oeiainiaue aiaeec ia eiiia?/eneeo i?aaei?eyoeyo” “Eio?a -i” – 1996 a.
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Aeaaiue aeae?ioaoiee
I?aaenaaeaoaeue
Aeaaiue
aooaaeoa?
Caianoeoaeue ii
eiiia?/aneie
?aaioa
Caianoeoaeue ii
i?iecaiaenoao
Nae?aoa?ue
Aeaaiue
yeiiiieno
Oi?aaeythuee 1-i
ioaeaeaieai
Oi?aaeythuee 2-i
ioaeaeaieai
Oi?aaeythuee 3-i
ioaeaeaieai
o?aeoi?ii-
iieaaiae/aneea 3
aeeaioiiaiae/aneay-1
naaeiaiae/aneea-2
o?aeoi?ii
iieaaiae/aneay-1
aeeaioiiaiae/aneay -1
naaeiaiae/aneay-1
o?aeoi?ii
iieaaiae/aneay-1
iaiuaaiae/aneay-1
Aeaaiua niaoeeaeenou
Aeaaiue eiaeaia?
Aeaaiue aa?iiii
Aeaaiue ciioaoiee
Aeaaiue yia?aaoee
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