7
?inneeneay Aeaaeaiey Iaoe
O?aeueneia ioaeaeaiea
Eiie Iao/iue Oeaio?
Einoeooo Aeieiaee
I?IENOIAEAeAIEA AEECIE
?aoa?ao ii oeeinioee
Anie?aioa ia?aiai aiaea iao/aiey
Eiaeuaeia A. Ae.
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue A.E.Oii?iaa
Nueouaea?, 1998 a.
NIAeA?AEAIEA
Aaaaeaiea1. Oeeinioneea iniiaaiey ?aiieo eiioeaioeee
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeeaiai2. Nia?aiaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i “i?ienoiaeaeaiee
aeeaiai”2.1. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?eioeeiu eiioeaioeee A.E. Iia?eia2.2.
Oeeinioneea aniaeou iniiaiuo nia?aiaiiuo ?aoaiee i?iaeaiu
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeeaiai2.3. E?eoe/aneea aicc?aiey ia oai?eth i
naiica?iaeaeaiee aeecie ia CaieaCaeeth/aieaEeoa?aoo?a
Aaaaeaiea
A oaeinoaaiiie aeoaeia i/aiue aeaeaeiai io ian i?ioeiai, ieiei 3,5
ie?ae. eao iacaae, ia Caiea aaeiaaiii ia?aciaaeenue eeaoee. A ieo oiaaea
ia/aeenue i?ioeannu oii?yaei/aiiiai iaiaia aauanoa. Aniuoioea aeeciue.
Oei a?aiy. Ii/oe 3 ie?ae. eao aeeciue i?iaea?aeaeanue oieueei a
iaeiieeaoi/iuo i?aaieciao. Ieiei 600 iei. eao iacaae iaeioi?ua eeaoee
noi?ie?iaaee iiiaieeaoi/iua i?aaieciu.
Eiaaea aeeaua eeaoee niaoeeoe/anee niae?athony aiaaeeii, ec ieo
ia?acoaony auno?iiiaay e?anaaeoea eioaaeue, oo/iay ei?iaa, iaiaaie oea?,
aaciaeaeiay ii?eiaue, ceay e?aieaa e aa?o niaa?oainoaa – /aeiaae.
Ioeoaea iu e ana aeeaia, /oi ian ie?oaeaao?
Ia yoio aii?in ioaa/aao oai?ey yaiethoeee. N/eoaaony ii/oe aeieacaiiui,
/oi “ana aeeaioiua e ana ?anoaiey i?ienoiaeyo io eaeiai-ieaoaeue iaeiiai
i?ioioeia”. “Ec oaeiai i?inoiai ia/aea aicieeee e i?iaeieaeatho
?acaeaaoueny ianiaoiua oi?iu, ecoieoaeueii niaa?oaiiua e i?ae?aniua”
[1].
Aii?in i i?ienoiaeaeaiee aeecie, i aicieeiiaaiee ia Caiea ia?auo aeeauo
nouanoa i?eiaaeeaaeeo e /eneo aaee/aeoeo, iniiaiuo i?iaeai
anoanoaiciaiey. Eaaeaeue /aeiaae, ia eaeii au o?iaia ?acaeoey ii ia
noiye, niciaoaeueii eee aanniciaoaeueii, caaeaao naaa aii?in e ooaei ee,
oi?ioi ee ia iaai ioaa/aao, oae eae aac yoiai ioaaoa ia iiaeao auoue
nicaeaii ieeaeia, aeaaea naiia i?eieoeaiia ie?iaicc?aiea [2].
Enoi?ey o/eo ian, /oi i?iaeaia i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie i?eaeaeaea e naaa
/aeiaa/aneee oi oaea n iacaiaiyoiuo a?aiai. Iao oaeie ?aeeaeiciie eee
oeeinioneie nenoaiu, iao oaeiai e?oiiiai iuneeoaey, eioi?ua ia oaeaeyee
au yoie i?iaeaia naiiai i?enoaeueiiai aieiaiey. A ?aciua yiioe e ia
?aciuo nooiaiyo eoeueoo?u aii?in i i?ienoiaeaeaiee aeecie ?aoaeny ii
?aciiio.
1. Oeeinioneea iniiaaiey ?aiieo eiioeaioeee
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeeaiai
A naiae eieaa Ia?ae/iia ca?iaeaeaiea e aeeciaiiay neea Y.Eeiiiaii aeaao
iaoe?iue iaoa?eae, iieacuaathuee, ianeieueei oe?iei auea ?ani?ino?aiaia
aa?a a naiica?iaeaeaiea a i?iaeieaeaiee anae enoi?ee /aeiaa/anoaa. Oae,
iai?eia?, a Eeoaa oaea n ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai nouanoaiaaei iiaa?ea, /oi
oee naiica?iaeaeathony ia aaiaoea, anee aai /a?aiee aunaaeeaaoue a
oaieoth e aeaaeioth iiaiaeo. A nayuaiiuo eieaao Eiaeee eiathony oeacaiey
ia aiacaiiia aicieeiiaaiea ?acee/iuo ia?aceoia, ioo e aeoeia ec iioa e
iaaica. A aaaeeiineeo eeeiiienyo iiaeii i?i/anoue, /oi ec eea eaiaeia
ia?acothony /a?ae e ae?oaea aeeaioiua.
A ae?aaiai Aaeioa ainiiaenoaiaaei oaaaeaeaiea, /oi neie aoiona,
inoaaeaiiue Ieeii i?e aai ?aceeaa, iiaeao ii?iaeaeaoue aeeaua nouanoaa,
eiaaea ii i?ia?aaaaony Nieioeai; oae aicieeatho eyaooee, aeaau, ciae e
iuoe. A yoii aoaeoi au eaaei iiaeii auei oaaaeeoueny, iaaethaeay, /oi eo
ia?aaeiyy /anoue yaeyaony oaea aioiaie e aeeaie, a caaeiyy i?aaenoaaeyao
aua iaeciaiioth aeaaeioth caieth.
Iiaoi?aiea yoie neacee iu iaoiaeei e o ae?aaieo a?aeia (iai?eia?, o
Aeeiaaia Aiieeiieeneiai) e a ni/eiaieyo ciaiaieoiai ?eineiai o/aiiai
Ieeiey. Iia iieueciaaeanue oe?ieei ?ani?ino?aiaieai e ia Ainoiea e ia
Caiaaea eae a n?aaeiea aaea, oae e a aieaa iicaeiaa a?aiy. Iaaea?ii
aeaaea a o?aaaaeee Oaenie?a Aioiiee e Eeaiiao?a Eaieae oaa?yao, /oi a
Aaeioa e?ieiaeeeu auaiaeyony ec a?yce Ieea iiae aeaenoaeai thaeiiai,
aea?eiai nieioea.
Aiiaua aeey enoi?ee i?iaeaiu naiica?iaeaeaiey aanueia oa?aeoa?iui
yaeyaony oi, /oi o naiuo ?aciiia?aciuo ia?iaeia, aeeaoeo a ?aciia a?aiy
e noiyaoeo ia ?aciuo nooiaiyo eoeueoo?u, iu iaoiaeei oeacaiey i
naiii?iecaieueiii aicieeiiaaiee ii/oe anaaaea iaeieo e oao aea
i?aaieciia – yoi /a?ae, ca?iaeaeathueany a iaaica e aiethuai iyna, aoe,
ia?acothueany ec /aeiaa/aneiai iioa, naaoeyee, ?iaeyueany ec ene?
eino?ia, iaeiiaoe, yoi eyaooee e iuoe, aicieeathuea ec ?inu e aeaaeiie
caiee. Anthaeo, aaea /aeiaae noaeeeaaeny n aiacaiiui e ianniaui
iiyaeaieai aeeauo nouanoa, ii ?anniao?eaae aai eae naiica?iaeaeaiea
aeecie. Aa?a a naiica?iaeaeaiea o ae?aaieo ia?iaeia ia yaeyeanue iiyoiio
auaiaeii ec oiai eee eiiai ie?iiiieiaiey. Naiica?iaeaeaiea aeeauo
nouanoa auei aeey ieo i?inoi i/aaeaeiui, yiie?e/anee onoaiiaeaiiui
oaeoii, iiae eioi?ue oaea a aeaeueiaeoai iiaeaiaeeeinue oi eee eiia
oai?aoe/aneia iainiiaaiea.
?aiiaa o?enoeainoai /a?iaei ?oeiaiaeyuee iaoa?eae i naiica?iaeaeaiee ec
aeaeee, eioi?ay a naith i/a?aaeue caeinoaiaaea aeaiiua ii yoiio aii?ino
ec ienoe/aneeo neacaiee Aaeioa e Aaaeeiia. Aiaineianeea aaoi?eoaou
eiioea IV e ia/aea V a.,iooeu o?enoeaineie oea?eae, ni/aoaee yoe
neacaiey n o/aieai iaiieaoiieeia e ?ac?aaioaee ia yoie iniiaa naith
ienoe/aneoth eiioeaioeeth i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie. AEeaoee a na?aaeeia IV
a. Aaneeee Aaeeeee yaeyeny e yaeyaony aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie iaeiei ec
aeaaiuo aiaineianeeo aaoi?eoaoia ainoi/iie o?enoeaineie oea?eae. Eiaiii
iiae aai aeeyieai oi?ie?iaaeenue o ?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?aaineaaey eo
i?aaenoaaeaiey i aeeaie i?e?iaea. Aai eieaa Aanaaea ia oanoiaeiaa
nio?aieeanue a oea?eiaiie eeoa?aoo?a, a /anoiinoe, ia ?onneii ycuea, e
aei iaoeo aeiae. A iae iu iiaeai i?i/anoue ii eioa?anothuaio ian aii?ino
neaaeothuaa: Iaeii i?iecaiaeeony /a?ac i?aainoai nouanoaiaaaoaai
i?aaeaea, ae?oaia aeaaea e iuia yaeyaony aeeai?iaeyueiny ec naiie caiee.
Eai ia oieueei iia i?iecaiaeeo eocia/eeia a aeiaeaeeeaia a?aiy e ouny/e
ae?oaeo ii?iae ia?iaouo, iinyueony ii aicaeooo, ec eioi?uo aieueoay
/anoue, ii iaeinoe naiae, ia eiaao e eiaie, ii ec naay aea aeaao iuoae e
aeaa. Ieiei Aaeiaoneeo Oea, eiaaea a aea?u eaeao iiiai aeiaeaey, any
no?aia iaiieiyaony aie?oa iieaauie iuoaie. Aeaeei, /oi oa?e ia eia/a
ia?acothony, eae ec oeiu. Iie ?aciiiaeathony ia ec yeoea e ia ae?oaei
eaeei-eeai niiniaii, ii ec caiee iieo/atho naia i?ienoiaeaeaiea.
Ana yoe neo/ae naiica?iaeaeaiey aeeauo nouanoa i?ienoiaeyo, niaeanii
Aaneeeth Aaeeeiio, ii aiaeueaio iiaaeaieth, eioi?ia ia i?ae?auaao
aeaenoaiaaoue n iaineaaaaathuae neeie io nioai?aiey ie?a aei iaoeo
aeiae.
A oa/aiee anao n?aaeieo aaeia aa?a a naiii?iecaieueiia ca?iaeaeaiea
ia?acaeaeueii ainiiaenoaiaaea iaae oiaie ethaeae. A n?aaeiea aaea
oeeinioneay iuneue iiaea nouanoaiaaoue oieueei eae aiaineianeay iuneue,
a iaiei/ea oie eee eiie aeieo?eiu oea?eae. Anyeee oeeinioneee aii?in iia
iieo/eoue i?aaa a?aaeaeainoaa oieueei i?e oneiaee, anee ii naycuaaeny n
oie eee eiie aiaineianeie i?iaeaiie. Oeeinioey auea neoaeaieie
aiaineiaey (ancilla theologiae). Aii?inu anoanoaiciaiey auee ioiaeaeioou
ia caaeiee ieai.
Iiai?ioiui iooai a yoii ioiioaiee ni?aaaaeeeai n/eoathony iiuou
eoaeueyineiai anoanoaieniuoaoaey e a?a/a O?ai/anei ?aaee (1626-1698). Ia
aai aeieth auiaea /anoue aia?aua aunooieoue n yenia?eiaioaeueiuie
ii?iaa?aeaieyie aa?u a naiica?iaeaeaiea, ia?acaeaeueii ainiiaenoaiaaaoae
iiiaea noieaoey. A 1668 aiaeo ii iioaeeeiaae naith ?aaioo Iiuou ii
?aciiiaeaieth ianaeiiuo, aaea yenia?eiaioaeueii ii?iaa?a i?aaenoaaeaiey
i aiciiaeiinoe naiica?iaeaeaiey i?aaieciia. Nooue yoeo enneaaeiaaiee
au?aaeathony a ecaanoiii “i?eioeeia ?aaee”: “AEeaia ca?iaeaeaaony
oieueei ec aeeaiai” [3].
Aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea aeieiaee ia oieueei ia i?iynieei iaoaiecia
ca?iaeaeaiey aeecie, ii e iinoaaeei e i?iaeieaeaao noaaeoue iiaua e ana
aieaa neiaeiua aii?inu. Oaea a i?ioeii aaea neiaeeeinue iiieiaiea anae
a?aiaeeiciinoe e eieinnaeueiie neiaeiinoe noiyuae ia?aae aeieiae/aneie
iaoeie caaea/e. Aeaaea *.Aea?aei, iaeei ec iniiaiiieiaeieeia oai?ee
yaiethoeee, iiieiay ana neiaeiinoue yoie caaea/e, ienae: “?annoaeaeaoue
a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i i?ienoiaeaeaiee aeecie i?inoi iaeaii. N oaeei aea
oniaoii iiaeii aiai?eoue i aicieeiiaaiee iaoa?ee”.
E?aoei nooue yoie i?iaeaiu iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae iiene iaoaiecia,
eioi?ue iia au iaania/eoue ia?aciaaiea oioy au i?inoaeoae aeeaie eeaoee
ec eiathuaainy iaai?a aoiiia i?e oneiaee, nouanoaiaaaoeo ia ae?aaiae
Caiea. I?e/ai ia?aciaaiey naiii?iecaieueiiai…[4].
2. Nia?aiaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i “i?ienoiaeaeaiee aeeaiai”
2.1. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?eioeeiu eiioeaioeee A.E. Iia?eia
Aeeaeaeoeei-iaoa?eaeenoe/aneee iiaeoiae e ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie iaoae eiie?aoiia aiieiuaiea a anoanoaiciaiee
i?aaeaea anaai a aeiioaca A.E. Iia?eia, eioi?ue a 1924 a. eceiaeee
iniiau naiae eiioeaioeee a eieaa “I?ienoiaeaeaiea aeecie”. Ei aia?aua
auea ?ac?aaioaia eiie?aoii-iao/iay i?ia?aiia yenia?eiaioaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaiee aeaiiie i?iaeaiu.
Iaiauea aeinoeaeaiey einiieiaee, i?aaie/aneie oeiee, aaioeceee,
aeioeiee, aaiii?oieiaee, ano?ioeceee e ae?., ii i?aaeeiaeee aeiioaco,
iauyniythuoth caeiiiia?iue oa?aeoa? oeie/aneie yaiethoeee a iai?aaeaiee
oneiaeiaiey aa i?iaeoeoia aieioue aei ia?aciaaiey i?inoaeoeo aeeauo
nouanoa. A.E. Iia?ei oai?aoe/anee i?aaeiieiaeee e yenia?eiaioaeueii
aeieacae aiciiaeiinoue ia?aciaaiey aaeiaaiiui iooai i?aaie/aneeo
niaaeeiaiee, eioi?ua aicieeatho i?e aeaenoaee yeaeo?e/aneeo ?ac?yaeia,
oaieiaie yia?aee, oeueo?aoeieaoiauo eo/ae ia aaciaua niane, niaea?aeauea
ia?u aiaeu, aiieaea, oeeaia, iaoaia, e ae?. Iiae aeeyieai ?acee/iuo
oaeoi?ia aiaoiae n?aaeu yaiethoeey oaeaaiaei?iaeia i?eaaea e
ia?aciaaieth aieiieeneio, ioeeaioeaeia e eo iieeia?ia, eioi?ua ii ia?a
oaaee/aiey eiioeaio?aoeee i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa a “ia?ae/iii aoeueiia”
aeae?inoa?u Caiee niinianoaiaaee aicieeiiaaieth eieeieaeiuo nenoai, oae
iacuaaaiuo eiaoea?aaoiuo eaiaeue. Iineaaeiea, auaeaeyynue ec
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e eiay iaiaeeiaeiaoth aioo?aiithth no?oeoo?o,
ii-?aciiio ?aaae?iaaee ia aiaoithth n?aaeo.
Enoiaeiui ioieoii aiaeeca A.E. Iia?eia yaeyaony iaoa?eaeenoe/aneee
iiaeoiae e iiieiaieth nouiinoe aeeaiai. “AEeciue, – ienae ii, –
iaoa?eaeueia ii naiae i?e?iaea… Yoi iniaay, ea/anoaaiii ioee/iay io
iai?aaie/aneiai ie?a oi?ia aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee” [5].
Aiai?y i aeinoieinoaao iaoiaeieiaee A.E. Iia?eia, neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue
aai oiaiea ?anniao?eaaoue a ?acaeoee iaeaieaa neiaeiua aniaeou yoie
ea?aeeiaeueiie ie?iaicc?ai/aneie i?iaeaiu.
Yoa iaoiaeieiaey iiiiaea naeaeaoue A.E. Iia?eio i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii,
/oi oneiaey, a eioi?uo i?ienoiaeee i?ioeann ca?iaeaeaiey e yaiethoeee
aeecie, oaeaea i?aoa?iaaaee ea/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey. Auei onoaiiaeaii,
/oi i?aa?auaieyi oaea?iaeenouo niaaeeiaiee a oeie/aneee ia?eiae
yaiethoeee niioaaonoaiaaea aoiinoa?a n ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuie naienoaaie.
Iinea oiai eae aicieeee i?inoua aiay?iaiua oi?iu aeecie e oaaee/eaaeinue
eiee/anoai eenei?iaea, iia iinoaiaiii noaea i?eia?aoaoue ieeneeoaeueiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee, /oi a iaeaieueoae ia?a naienoaaiii caiiie aoiinoa?a a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy.
Enoiaey ec aeeaeaeoe/aneie oai?ee ?acaeoey e iaiauea aiaaoue iaoa?eae ec
aeioeceee e aeioeiee, A.E. Iia?ei i?aaeeiaeee i?ia?aiio i?eaeiaeueiuo
iiaeaeueiuo iiuoia n oaciai-iainiaeaiiuie nenoaiaie, eee i?iaeiioaie
(eiaoea?aaoiuie eaieyie), aeey iauyniaiey aicieeiiaaiey e
niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaiaia aauanoa aeeauo i?aaieciia e oaeeo aaaeiuo aai
ninoaaeythueo, eae aaeee (oa?iaiou e no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae aeey
ii?oieiae/aneeo no?oeoo?), ioeeaeiiaua eeneiou (iineoaee aaiaoe/aneie
eioi?iaoeee), iieenaoa?eaeu e eeieaeu (enoi/iee yia?aee aeioeie/aneeo
?aaeoeee). Iaeiaei naiia eioa?aniia a aeaiiii iiaeoiaea caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi “ia iiaeaee eiaoea?aaoiuo eaiaeue oaeaaony yenia?eiaioaeueii
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue ca/aoee anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a, oie caeiiiia?iinoe,
eioi?ay a aeaeueiaeoai eaaea a iniiao anae iineaaeothuae yaiethoeee
oaeiai ?iaea ioe?uouo, oaciai-iainiaeaiiuo, oeaeinoiuo nenoai, ia iooe e
aicieeiiaaieth i?inoaeoeo i?aaieciia” [6].
Naaiaeiy i?iaeaia i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie enneaaeoaony oe?ieei o?iioii
?acee/iuo iaoe. Iniiaa oaeiai eiie?aoii-iao/iiai iiaeoiaea caeiaeaia
A.E. Iia?eiui, eioi?iio oaeaeinue iaiaoeoue aeaaiua iooe enneaaeiaaiey
eiie?aoiuo iaoaieciia ia?aoiaea oeie/aneie yaiethoeee a aeieiae/aneoth.
Aianoa n oai aaeeea caneoaa A.E. Iia?eia a iinoaiiaea e ?ac?aaioea
ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo e iaoiaeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai a ?aoaiee aii?ina i
nouiinoe aeecie e aa i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiia i?eiaiaiea
i?eioeeiia aeeaeaeoe/aneiai iaoa?eaeecia a i?ioeanna eiie?aoiiai
iao/iiai iiciaiey iicaieeee A.E. Iia?eio i?eeoe e auaiaeo, /oi
“aicieeiiaaiea aeecie ioithaeue ia yaeyaony eaeie-oi “n/anoeeaie
neo/aeiinoueth”, a i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiieia caeiiiia?iia niauoea,
iaiouaieaioth /anoue iauae yaiethoeee Anaeaiiie. N yoie oi/ee c?aiey
iiciaiea i?ioeanna aicieeiiaaiey aeecie aiieia aeinooiii iauaeoeaiiio,
iao/iiio eco/aieth, ia o?aaothuaio iinooee?iaaiey eaeiai-oi
i?aaeoanoaothuaai ieaia oai?aiey” [7].
2.2. Oeeinioneea aniaeou iniiaiuo nia?aiaiiuo ?aoaiee i?iaeaiu
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeeaiai
A caaeneiinoe io oiai, eaeia iaeaieaa ooiaeaiaioaeueiia naienoai aeeaiai
eco/aaony a aeaiiii enneaaeiaaiee i?aeiouanoaaiii (aauanoai, yia?aey,
eioi?iaoeey), ana nia?aiaiiua eiioeaioeee i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie iiaeii
oneiaii ?acaeaeeoue ia o?e iai?aaeaiey: noano?aoiia (aeioeieee ai aeaaa
n A.E. Iia?eiui), yia?aaoe/aneia (E. I?eaiaeei, E.E. Aethiaioaeueae,
I.A. Aieueeaiooaei, E.N. O?ei/a?, I.A. Eociaoeia, E.A. Ieeieaaa e ae?.)
e eioi?iaoeeiiiia (A.I. Eieiiai?ia, A.A. Eyioiia, I. Yeaai, O. E?ee,
Ae.N. *a?iaaneee e ae?.) [6]. Ec eiie?aoiuo eiioeaioeee, iieo/eaoeo
naaiaeiy oe?ieia i?eciaiea, iiaeii oeacaoue, e?iia aeiioacu Iia?eia i
iooyo yaiethoeee iaiaia aauanoa e Oieaeaeia i noaiiaeaiee iaoaiecia
ia?aaea/e ianeaaenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee, ia aeiioaco Eanoea?a ia
yaiethoeee iieaeoeu iieeioeeaioeaea ni naienoaaie ?aieeeaoeee; eaeath
Eaeueaeia i iieaeoey?iie yaiethoeee naienoaa aaoieaoaeeca iaeioi?uo
aeiiieeia?ia; eiioeaioeeth Aa?iaea i oeie/aneie yaiethoeee a
aaeni?aoeeiiiuo ieaieao; aeiioaco Oiena e Aeica ia yaiethoeee
i?ioaeiieaeiuo iee?inoa?; oai?eth Yeaaia ia yaiethoeee
naiiaini?iecaiaeyuaainy aeia?oeeeea nenoai neioaca aaeeia e
iieeioeeaioeaeia; eiioeaioeeth Iaeea?a i ia?ae?anoiie
noa?aieiiieaiaioa?iinoe (iaoaieci aini?iecaiaenoaa aaiaoe/aneie
eioi?iaoeee e eiaea) e ae?. [8].
I?e anai iiiaiia?acee aeaiiuo oi/ae c?aiey eo iauaaeeiyao iauee
iaoiaeieiae/aneee iiaeoiae, nooueth eioi?iai yaeyaony enoi?e/aneay
yeno?aiieyoeey, o.a. iauyniaiea enoi?ee ?acaeoey aeeaiai ec ciaiey
noano?aoiuo, yia?aaoe/aneeo e eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee nia?aiaiiuo
aeeauo nenoai. A aeaiiii neo/aa iai?aaeaiea i?ioeanna iiciaiey
i?ioeaiiieiaeii anoanoaaiiiio oiaeo aicieeiiaaiey aeeaiai e ia/aeueiua e
eiia/iua ioieou eo ia niaiaaeatho. Yoi iaeeaaeuaaao ii?aaeaeaiiua
ia?aie/aiey ia aiciiaeiinoe aeooaeenoe/aneiai, eee, eae aai aua iacuaaao
A.I. ?oaeaiei, aeieiae/aneiai, iiaeoiaea, naiue aeaaiue iaaeinoaoie
eioi?iai ninoieo a oii, /oi ii ia niiniaai a i?eioeeia ane?uoue caeiiu
oeie/aneie yaiethoeee, ii?aaeaeythuea aa oneiaey, aiciiaeiinoue, i?e/eiu
e iai?aaeaiiinoue. “Ec-ca iaciaiey caeiiia oeie/aneie yaiethoeee a
aeooaeenoe/aneeo aeiioacao e oai?eyo inoaaony iaiiiyoiui iaoaieci
anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a yaiethoeeiiiuo eciaiaiee; iaynii, ii/aio aiiaua
i?ienoiaeeo oeie/aneay yaiethoeey e /ai iia ioee/aaony io
iai?aaieciaaiiuo oeie/aneeo i?ioeannia, ii/aio yaiethoeey iai?aaeaia io
i?inoiai e neiaeiiio, io iai?aaie/aneeo aauanoa e i?aaie/aneei, io
i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa e aeiiieeia?ai e o.ae.” [9].
A nii?ao i i?iaeaia aicieeiiaaiey aeeaiai iiae/an ?acaeathony e aanueia
neaioe/aneea aieina ii iiaiaeo aiciiaeiinoe iao/iiai ?aoaiey aeaiiie
i?iaeaiu. Iai?eia? I. Ii?a oeacuaaao ia iai?eiaieiinoue a yoii aii?ina
nnueie ia caeiiu yenia?eiaioaeueiie iaoee. E oiaaea, /oiau inoaoueny a
?aieao i?e/eiiiai iauyniaiey, iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi aoaeoo
ioe?uou eaeea-oi iiaua oeceei-oeie/aneea caeiiu, iaecaanoiua nia?aiaiiie
iaoea. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa ie/aai ia inoaaony, eae i?eciaoue
ianinoiyoaeueiinoue i?e/eiiiai iauyniaiey e iaiaoiaeeiinoue oaeaieiaee,
n /ai, anoanoaaiii, o/aiua a?yae ee niaeanyony [8].
2.3. E?eoe/aneea aicc?aiey ia oai?eth i naiica?iaeaeaiee aeecie ia Caiea
A oi aea naiia a?aiy, eiaaea i?iaiaeeeenue iiiai/eneaiiua yenia?eiaiou,
aeieaeainoaothuea aeieacaoue aiciiaeiinoue naiii?iecaieueiiai
ca?iaeaeaiey aeecie, iiiaeie o/aiuie auee i?iaeaeaiu oai?aoe/aneea
?an/aou, ioeaieaathuea aa?iyoiinoue yoiai niauoey. Ianeieueei ?aaeueii
iiyaeaiea ethaiai aeeaiai, a iaoai iiieiaiee, nouanoaa – Aeieiae/aneiai
nouanoaa, niiniaiiai e naiii?iecaiaenoao, naiiiao/aieth,
naiiiaania/aieth?
Ano?iiii Eiaaee a naia a?aiy iiae/a?eeaae: “Aa?iyoiinoue neo/aeiiai
niauoey. Eioi?ia iiaei au i?eaanoe e ia?aciaaieth iaeue/aeoae iieaeoeu
i?ioaeia, iaaiia?aceii iaea. N?aaee i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo
niioiioaiee, i eioi?uo eaeao ?a/ue, yoa aa?iyoiinoue ?aaia ioeth”.
Oae, aia?eeaineee aeioeiee A.Eanoea?, enoiaey ec ii?aaeaeaiiiai iauaia
“i?iae?ee”- Ie?iaiai ieaaia, a eioi?ii aeieaeiu auee i?ienoiaeeoue
eneiiua ?aaeoeee, a?aiaie oeie/aneie yaiethoeee, ioeaieaaaiie ei a 2
ieeeea?aea eao e ae?oaeo aeinoaoi/ii i?eaieaiuo ia/aeueiuo oneiaee,
i?eoae e auaiaeo, /oi i?e?iaea iiaea a yoeo oneiaeyo i?aaei?eiyoue ia
aieaa 1046 iiiuoie naiinai?ee i?inoaeoae aaeoa?ee ec iiiiiieaeoey?iuo
aeieia.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, no?oeoo?a i?inoaeoae aeeaie aaeoa?eaeueiie eeaoee, i
eioi?ie aiai?eeinue auoa,- yoi anaai eeoue iaeia ?aaeeciaaiiay
aiciiaeiinoue ec 10301 iioaioeeaeueiuo eiioeao?aoeee, eioi?ua iiaeii
auei au iieo/eoue ec eiathueony a iae iieaeoey?iuo aeieia, oi anoue
i?e?iaea ?aniieaaaea a 10225 ?ac iaiueoei /eneii iiiuoie, /ai auei
iaiaoiaeeii.
Noieue iaeay aa?iyoiinoue neo/aeiiai aicieeiiaaiey aeecie canoaaeyao
enneaaeiaaoaeae eneaoue aeueoa?iaoeaiua aa?eaiou ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu.
Iaeiie ec ae?aaiaeoeo aeiioac, iauyniythueo ca?iaeaeaiea aeecie ia
Caiea, yaeyaony aeiioaca iainia?iee, niaeanii eioi?ie Anaeaiiay ianuuaia
nii?aie aeecie, ia?aiineiuie ia ieaiaou iaoai?eoaie, eiiaoaie, eee
einie/aneie iueueth, aeaeaeouaeny iiae aeaenoaeai aeaaeaiey naaoa. Yoa
aeiioaca, nia?aiaiioth oi?io eioi?ie i?eaeae aua a eiioea i?ioeiai aaea
Naaioa A??aieon, e naaiaeiy iieuecoaony iiioey?iinoueth o iaeioi?ie
/anoe o/aiuo. Iaeiaei eaeay iinaaa aeecie ia ?aoaao, a eeoue ioiaeaeaaao
i?iaeaio aicieeiiaaiey aeecie eoaea-oi a einiin. E oiio aea, iiaenoaaeyy
a ?an/aou Eanoea?a aianoi caiiuo “anaeaineea” ia?aiao?u, iu iieo/ei
aa?iyoiinoue neo/aeiiai ia?aciaaiey aeecie, ?aaioth 10-242, /oi ieeae ia
iiaeao neoaeeoue enoi/ieeii aeey iioeiecia. Ionthaea iu auioaeaeaiu
i?eciaoue, /oi aeeciue ioiineony e einie/aneei oaiiiaiai” [10].
Aeiioaca i naiica?iaeaeaiee aeecie, iiieii oeacaiiuo, niaea?aeeo a naaa
aua ?yae aanueia na?ueaciuo cao?oaeiaiee iaeii ec eioi?uo auei
aeiaieueii-oaee aoeaeii noi?ioee?iaaii neaaeothuei ia?acii: anee au a
oneiaeyo ia?aiauoiie Caiee naiii?iecaieueii aiciee aeaaea neii, oi o
iaai ia auei au ieeaeeo oainia ia aeaeueiaeoaa nouanoaiaaiea.
Iiaeii oaeaea ioiaoeoue neiaeiinoe, naycaiiua n iauyniaieai ioia/aiiie
aua Ianoa?ii “aneiiao?ee aeeaiai”, caeeth/athuaany a oii, /oi ana
aaeeiaua niaaeeiaiey, aoiaeyuea a ninoaa aeeaiai aauanoaa, eiatho eaaoth
aneiiao?eth. Yoi icia/aao, /oi oioy aieueoeinoai i?aaie/aneeo
niaaeeiaiee iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue a aeaoo i?ino?ainoaaiiuo oi?iao,
yaeythueony ca?eaeueii neiiao?e/iuie ioiineoaeueii ae?oa ae?oaa, aeey
aeeaiai caiiie aeinoa?u niaa?oaiii ia aac?acee/ii eniieueciaaiea oie eee
eiie oi?iu: ana aaeeiaua niaaeeiaiey, aoiaeyuea a ninoaa aeeauo
i?aaieciia, eiatho eaaoth aneiiao?eth. Oaea Ianoa? ia?aoee aieiaiea ia
oi, /oi aneiiao?e/iue neioac aeieaeai i?ienoiaeeoue iiae aicaeaenoaeai
eaeiai-oi aiaoiaai aneiiao?e/iiai oaeoi?a.
Yoio aniaeo i?e?iaeu caiiie aeinoa?u aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ia eiaao
neieue-ieaoaeue i?eaieaiiai iauyniaiey [11].
Aua iaeio, e ana aieaa onoaoaeythuothny, o?oaeiinoue aiinyo
iaeaiioieiae/aneea ioe?uoey, ana aieaa nie?auathuea i?aaeiieaaaaiue n?ie
oeie/aneie yaiethoeee. Anee Eanoea? a naieo ?an/aoao ioaiaeee ia
i?aaeaeieiae/aneoth yaiethoeeth 2 ieeeea?aea eao iacaae, oi ioe?uoey
ae?aaiaeoeo i?ioii?aaieciia – aaeoa?ee neia-caeaiuo aiaei?ineae,
iiyaeaoeony ia iicaeiaa 3,5-3,8 ieeeea?aea eao iacaae, nie?auatho a?aiy,
ioiouaiiia ia naiica?iaeaeaiea aeecie aei anaai eeoue nioai ieeeeiiia
eao [12].
Ii oae eee eia/a, iaeiaaeaeu aicieeioa, aeeciue noaea ?acaeaaoueny, e
?acaeaaynue, oneiaeiyoueny e yoio ?ino neiaeiinoe aeeaie iaoa?ee, aa
i?eniiniaeoaeueiuo, aaeaioeaiuo aiciiaeiinoae oaeo a naaa ia iaiueoa
aii?inia, /ai caaaaeea ca?iaeaeaiey aeecie.
Caeeth/aiea
Ecaanoiia ii?aaeaeaiea O. Yiaaeuena: “AEeciue anoue niinia nouanoaiaaiey
aaeeiauo oae, e yoio niinia nouanoaiaaiey ninoieo ii naiaio nouanoao a
iinoiyiiii naiiiaiiaeaiee oeie/aneeo ninoaaiuo /anoae yoeo oae”,
aeoeaioe?oao einie/aneee aniaeo aeecie. ?iaeaeathony, aeeaoo e oie?atho
caacaeu, ooiaiiinoe, ieaiaou, eiiaou e ae?oaea einie/aneea oaea, e a
yoii niunea ia en/acaao ieeoi e ie/oi. Aeaiiue aniaeo iaeaieaa
?ac?aaioai a ainoi/iie oeeinioee e ienoe/aneeo o/aieyo, enoiaeyueo ec
i?eioeeieaeueiie iaaiciiaeiinoe oieueei ?acoiii iiiyoue niune yoiai
anaeaineiai e?oaiai?ioa. Iaoa?eaeenoe/aneea eiioeaioeee no?iyony ia
oaiiiaia naiiii?iaeaeaiey aeecie e naiii?e/eiaiey, eiaaea, ii neiaai O.
Yiaaeuena, “n aeaeaciie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth” ii?iaeaeathony aeeciue e
iuneyuee aeoo a iaeiii ianoa Anaeaiiie, anee a ae?oaii ii en/acaao [13].
Iniciaiea aaeeinoaa aeecie /aeiaaea e /aeiaa/anoaa ni anai aeeaui ia
ieaiaoa, n aa aeinoa?ie, ?aaii eae e iioaioeeaeueii aiciiaeiuie oi?iaie
aeecie ai Anaeaiiie eiaao ia?iiiia ie?iaicc?ai/aneia cia/aiea.
Yoa eaeay nayoinoe aeecie, i?aaa ia aeeciue aeey ethaiai aeeaiai
nouanoaa oaea a neeo naiiai oaeoa ?iaeaeaiey i?eiaaeeaaeeo e /eneo
aa/iuo eaeaaeia /aeiaa/anoaa. A i?aaeaea, any Anaeaiiay e Caiey
?anniao?eaathony eae aeeaua nouanoaa, a aiaoaoaeuenoai a aua ieioi
iiciaiiua caeiiu eo aeecie /?aaaoi yeieiae/aneei e?ecenii. *aeiaae
i?aaenoaao eae iaeay /anoeoea yoie aeeaie Anaeaiiie, iee?ieiniin,
aia?aaoee a naay ana aiaaonoai iae?ieiniina. *oanoai “aeaaiaiaaiey
ia?aae aeeciueth” [14], iuouaiea naiae i?e/anoiinoe e oaeeaeoaeueiiio
ie?o aeeaiai a oie eee eiie noaiaie i?enoua ethaie ie?iaicc?ai/aneie
nenoaia.
Oieeiaaiea naiioeaiiinoe aeecie, aeaiiie iai a iaoai aaeeinoaaiiii ie?a,
ioithaeue ia i?eaeaoaao niae?aoue aeeaeiaai naiaai ?aaee iiauoaiey naiae
iiue. Yoi oi?ioi iieacae A. Oaaeoea?, i?iiiaaaeoy aeaaiaiaaiea ia?aae
aeeciueth, eioi?ia au?aaeaaony a aeoaieii oaaaeaiee e nouanoaiaaieth
ethaiai iaeooanoaeaiiiio niaeaeaiuey, aoaea oi /aeiaae, aeoe eee
?iiaoea. “AEeciue – yoi einie/aneee aeueo?oeci, – aoi?eo aio O.
I?oaaa-e-Aannao, – iia nouanoaoao eeoue eae iinoiyiiia ia?aiauaiea io
aeeciaiiiai ss e Ae?oaiio” [15].
Oacen “aeeciue naiioeaiia” i?eaioe?oao /aeiaaea ia iineaaeiaaoaeueiia,
ii?ie oa?iaeeaia ia?aaeeaaiea ?aciuo yoaiia aeecie e ?aciuo aa
i?iyaeaiee. Ii eneeth/aao naiioaeenoai eae niinia ?ac?aoaiey aeeciaiiuo
i?iaeai. Ooa?ya iaeie aeeciaiiua niuneu, eniuoaa iaeee oeaiiinoiue e?ao,
/aeiaae euao ae?oaea e iaoiaeeo eo, eai iineaaeiei e aeaaiui niuneii
yaeyaony naia aeeciue: aiciiaeiinoue aeaeaoue iaai e caieth, neooaoue
uaaao ioeoe e aeo?/aiea aiaeu, ?aaeiaaoueny ae?oaiio /aeiaaeo e
?aaeiaaoue aai niaie. Oiaaea eaaeaeue i?iaeeoue aeaiue aini?eieiaaony
eae iiaea?ie. Ino?ia ia?aaeeaaiea naiioeaiiinoe aeecie i/aiue oi/ii
au?acee A. Aicianaineee: “Aa/a?ii, ii/ueth, aeiai e n oo?a aeaaiaea?th,
/oi ia oia? a/a?a!” E yoa aeaaiaea?iinoue ia oieueei ca iaee/iua e
a?yaeouea ieioneea ?aaeinoe, ii e ca aeooiaiua ioe?uoey, oai?/aneea
ica?aiey, aeooaaioth aa?iiieth, ia?acaeaeueii naycaiiua a iau/iie aeecie
n iaoa?eaeueiui auoeai.
Eeoa?aoo?a
1. Aea?aei *. I?ienoiaeaeaiea aeaeia. – I., 1967, n. 608.
2. I?e?iaea e aeoo: Ie? oeeinioneeo i?iaeai. Ei.1. *aeiaae a ie?a e ie?
/aeiaaea / A.I.Ao?aiue, A.A.Aaneeueeiaa, ?.A.Ciaia e ae?. NIa.,1995, n.
23-26.
3. Iia?ei A.E. AEeciue, aa i?e?iaea, i?ienoiaeaeaiea e ?acaeoea. I.,
1960, n.189.
4. Ua?aaeia A.N. Naiii?aaiecaoeey iaoa?ee a iaaeeaie i?e?iaea. – I.:
Ecae-ai Iine. oi-oa, 1990, n. 20-25.
5. Iia?ei A.E. Nia?aiaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i i?ienoiaeaeaiee aeecie ia
Caiea // AEo?iae Ananithciiai oeie/aneiai iauanoaa ei. Ae.E.
Iaiaeaeaaaa, 1980, ?3, n.251.
6. Iia?ei A.E. Oeeinioneee e anoanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneee aniaeo i?iaeaiu
i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie // Ecaanoey AI NNN?. Na?ey aeieiae/aneay, 1970,
?5, n. 637.
7. I?eaiaeei E., Noaiaa?n E., Ii?yaeie ec oaina. – I.,1986.
8. Oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu anoanoaiciaiey / Iiae ?aae. N.O. Iaethoeia. –
I.: Auno. oe., 1985, n.296-303.
9. ?oaeaiei A.I. Yaiethoeeiiiay oeiey e anoanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneee
iiaeoiae e i?iaeaia i?ienoiaeaeaiey aeecie // AEo?iae Ananithciiai
oeie/aneiai iauanoaa ei. Ae.E. Iaiaeaeaaaa, 1980, ?4, n.393.
10. “Ioeoaea acyeenue, iioee /aeiaaee?” //Ciae aii?ina, 1997, ?3, n.
137-139.
11. Ea?iaiei I. Anaeaiiay ?acoiiay. I., 1992, n. 274-282.
12. Eaiueii Ae., Noaeiiai A. Aeioeie/aneia i?aaeii?aaeaeaiea.–I.: Ie?,
1972, 336 n.
13. Yiaaeuen O. Aeeaeaeoeea i?e?iaeu // Ia?en E., Yiaaeuen O. Ni/. O.
20.
14. Oaaeoea? A. Aeaaiaiaaiea ia?aae aeeciueth. – I.:
15. I?oaaa-e-Aannao O. *oi oaeia oeeinioey? I., 1991, n.37.
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