OEIAINIAAss AEAAeAIEss
I?E I?AAEOAEUeNOAA ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
Eaoaae?a oeeinioee
?aoa?ao ia oaio:
I?iaeaiu aieiu e ie?a a ?acee/iuo oeeinianeeo e enoi?e/aneeo ia?eiaeao
nooaeaioa a?oiiu E-1-6
Aeaieeiaa A. A.
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
aeioe. Einaeeaie ss. Ae.
Iineaa
1995 a.
Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea 3
I. Iiiyoea aieiu. Naycue aiaiiuo e iieeoe/aneeo oeaeae 4
1. Oeeinioneia o/aiea Eeaocaaeoea i aieia. Iaecaaaeiinoue
aiaiiuo aeaenoaee 4
II. Acaeyaeu ia aieio a enoi?e/aneie ia?niaeoeaa 6
1. Aioe/iinoue 6
2. I?iaeaiu ie?a e o?enoeaineay ?aeeaey 7
III. Iiaua iiaeoiaeu e oeeinioneie i?iaeaia aieiu e ie?a 8
1. Yiioa i?inaauaiey 8
2. Nia?aiaiiinoue 11
Caeeth/aiea 12
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u 14
Aaaaeaiea
9 iay 1995 aiaea ?inney oi?aeanoaaiii ioiaoeea iyoeaeanyoeeaoea iiaaaeu
a Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieia. Naaiaeiy, ia?ainiuneeaay enoi?eth, iaaei
neeiieoue aieiao ia?aae aaee/aeoeie aea?oaaie, iiianaiiuie iaoei
ia?iaeii a naiie e?iaii?ieeoiie aieia, eioi?oth eiaaea eeai ciaei
/aeiaa/anoai. Neaaeoao ioaeaoue aeiea iaiyoe, niaaoneiio nieaeaoo,
inaiaiaeeaoaio ie? io oaoenoneie aa?annee, a?aaeaeaiai no?aiu,
o?oaeeaoeieny a oueo ia aeaai iiaaaeu.
A yoe aeaie ana ethaee ia ieaiaoa aniiiieee ia oaeanao aieiu, iuooeee a
iieiie ia?a oi cei, eioi?ia iia ianao. Iaiyoue ia yoii aua aeeaa,
iaeiaei ia caiea, e niaeaeaieth, aieiu aaaeoony e nae/an, iie ia
en/acee, ia ooee a i?ioeia. Ianoiyuee aiaiiue eiioeeeo a ?innee, a
no?aia eniuoaaoae oyaiou e a?aiy a?aaeaeaineie e ie?iauo aiei,
canoaaeyao n aieueth caaeoiaoueny iaae iaiaoiaeeiinoueth e
iaecaaaeiinoueth aieiu eae oaeiaie, aaeiaui i?ioeai?a/eai iaaeaeo aieiie
e ie?ii.
I. Iiiyoea aieiu. Naycue aiaiiuo e iieeoe/aneeo oeaeae
1. Oeeinioneia o/aiea Eeaocaaeoea i aieia.
Iaecaaaeiinoue aiaiiuo aeaenoaee
Aanueia eioa?aniu, ia iie acaeyae, eaeae auaeaeiooua a eieaa “I
aieia” Ea?eii oii Eeaocaaeoeai. Ainieoaiiue iiae aeeyieai iaiaoeeie
oeieu oeeinioee, e iniaaiii Aaaaey, ii ?acaee oai?eth i aieia e i
aeeyiee ia iaa iieeoeee.
?anniio?ei aai ii?aaeaeaiea aieiu. Oeeinio ienae: ”Anee iu caoioei
ioaaoeoue iuneth eae iaeii oeaeia ana aan/eneaiiia iiiaeanoai
aaeeiiai?noa, ec eioi?uo ninoieo aieia, oi eo/oa anaai aiia?aceoue
naaa noaaoeo aeaoo ai?oeia. Eaaeaeue ec ieo no?aieony i?e iiiiue
oece/aneiai ianeeey i?eioaeeoue ae?oaiai auiieieoue aai aieth; aai
aeeaeaeoay oeaeue — nie?ooeoue i?ioeaieea e oai naiui naeaeaoue aai ia
niiniaiui ei anyeiio aeaeueiaeoaio nii?ioeaeaieth”.
Eoae, aieia, ii Eeaocaaeoeo, — yoi aeo ianeeey, eiathuee oeaeueth
canoaaeoue i?ioeaieea auiieieoue iaoo aieth. Ianeeea eniieuecoao
ecia?aoaiey eneonnoa e ioe?uoey iaoe, /oia i?ioeainoaoue ianeeeth aea.
Iacaiaoiua, aaeaa aeinoieiua oiiieiaiey ia?aie/aiey, eioi?ua iii naii
ia naay iaeaaaao a aeaea iau/aaa iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa,
nii?iaiaeaeatho ianeeea, ia ineaaeyy, a nouiinoe, aai yooaeoa.
E?iia aaeeiiai?noaa, aeey Eeaocaaeoea oa?aeoa?ia aua iaeii n?aaiaiea
aieiu: “Aie a e?oiiuo e iaeeeo iia?aoeeyo i?aaenoaaeyao oi aea naiia,
/oi oieaoa iaee/iuie i?e aaenaeueiuo iia?aoeeyo: eae ie ioaeaeaiia yoa
?anieaoa, eae ie ?aaeei ianooiaao iiiaio ?aaeecaoeee, eiaaea-ieaoaeue
aai /an ianooieo.”
Aeaeaa Eeaocaaeoe aaiaeeo aeaa iiiyoey, iaiaoiaeeiua ii aai iiaieth
aeey aiaeeca aieiu: “iieeoe/aneay oeaeue aieiu” e “oeaeue aiaiiuo
aeaenoaee”. Iieeoe/aneay oeaeue aieiu eae ia?aiia/aeueiue iioea
aeieaeia auoue aanueia nouanoaaiiui oaeoi?ii: /ai iaiueoa aea?oaa,
eioi?oth iu o?aaoai io iaoaai i?ioeaieea, oai iaiueoaa nii?ioeaeaiea iu
iiaeai io iaai iaeeaeaoue. Ii /ai ie/oiaeiaa iaoe o?aaiaaiey, oai
neaaaa aoaeao e iaoa iiaeaioiaea. Aeaeaa, /ai iacia/eoaeueiaa iaoa
iieeoe/aneay oeaeue, oai iaiueooth oeaio iia eiaao aeey ian e oai eaa/a
ioeacaoueny io aa aeinoeaeaiey, a iioiio e iaoe oneeey aoaeoo iaiaa
cia/eoaeueiu.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, iaeia e oa aea iieeoe/aneay oeaeue iiaeao ieacuaaoue
aanueia iaiaeeiaeiaua aeaenoaey ia oieueei ia ?aciua ia?iaeu, ii e ia
iaeei e oio aea ia?iae a ?aciua yiioe. Iaaeaeo aeaoiy ia?iaeaie, aeaoiy
ainoaea?noaaie iiaeao ieacaoueny oaeay iaoyiooinoue ioiioaiee, /oi
niaa?oaiii ie/oiaeiue nai ii naaa iieeoe/aneee iiaiae e aieia auciaao
iai?yaeaiea, aeaeaei i?aainoiaeyuaa cia/eiinoue yoiai iiaiaea, e
iaoneiaeo iiaeeeiiue ac?ua.
Eiiaaea iieeoe/aneay oeaeue iiaeao niaianoue n aiaiiie, iai?eia?,
caaiaaaiea ecaanoiuo iaeanoae; ii?ie iieeoe/aneay oeaeue ia aoaeao naia
ii naaa i?eaiaeia, /oiau neoaeeoue au?aaeaieai oeaee aiaiiuo aeaenoaee.
Iieeoe/aneay oeaeue eiaao oai aieaa ?aoathuaa cia/aiea aeey ianooaaa
aieiu, /ai ?aaiiaeooiaa ioiinyony e iineaaeiae iannu e /ai iaiaa
iaoyioou a i?i/eo aii?inao ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iaieie ainoaea?noaaie.”
A naiae eieaa Eeaocaaeoe aiaeece?oao naycue aieiu n iieeoeeie. Ii
n/eoaao, /oi Aieia a /aeiaa/aneii iauanoaa — aieia oeaeuo ia?iaeia, e
i?eoii ia?iaeia oeeaeeeciaaiiuo, — anaaaea auoaeaao ec iieeoe/aneiai
iieiaeaiey e aucuaaaony eeoue iieeoe/aneeie iioeaaie. Aieia, ii aai
iiaieth, anoue ia oieueei iieeoe/aneee aeo, ii e iiaeeeiiia i?oaeea
iieeoeee, i?iaeieaeaiea iieeoe/aneeo ioiioaiee, inouanoaeaiea eo
ae?oaeie niiniaaie. Oi, /oi inoaaony a iae naiaia?aciiai, ioiineony
eeoue e naiaia?aceth aa n?aaenoa.
Oaeei ia?acii, i?eieiay ai aieiaiea iainiiaaiiinoue e iauai?eciaiiinoue
nayce aieiu e iieeoeee e iiaeaiaey eoia auoaneacaiiiio, i?aaenoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiui naeaeaoue neaaeothuee auaiae: anee aieia yaeyaony, ii
nouanoao, i?iaeieaeaieai iieeoeee, iineaaeiei aa a?aoiaioii, oi iao
iaecaaaeiuo aiei, eae e ia nouanoaoao aaeeinoaaiii aa?iie iieeoe/aneie
eeiee.
II. Acaeyaeu ia aieio a enoi?e/aneie ia?niaeoeaa
1. Aioe/iinoue
Ia/oa i ie?a nii?iaiaeaeaea /aeiaaea ia anao nooiaiyo oeeaeeecaoeee,
ia/eiay n naiuo ia?auo oaaia aai. Eaeaae aeecie aac aiei, eiaaea
a iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaieyo niaethaeaeenue au iauai?eciaiiua ii?iu
ni?aaaaeeeainoe, ainoiaeeo e aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe. Oaea o aioe/iuo
oeeinioia iiaeii aeaeaoue eaeae ie?a, i?aaaea, yoio aii?in
?anniao?eaaeny oieueei eae i?iaeaia ioiioaiee iaaeaeo a?a/aneeie
ainoaea?noaaie. Aioe/iua oeeiniou no?aieeenue eeoue e ono?aiaieth
iaaeaeioniaiuo aiei. Oae, a ieaia eaeaaeueiiai ainoaea?noaa,
i?aaeeiaeaiiiai Ieaoiiii, iao aioo?aiieo aiaiiuo noieeiiaaiee, ii
aicaeathony ii/anoe oiio, eoi ioee/eeny ai “aoi?ii aaee/aeoai aeaea
aieiu” — a aieia n aiaoieie a?aaaie. Aiaeiae/ia oi/ea c?aiey ia yoo
oaio e A?enoioaey: ae?aaiea a?aee aeaeaee a eiino?aioeao a?aaia e
n/eoaee eo e ana ei i?eiaaeeaaeaaoaa oi?ioae aeiau/ae, anee aa oieueei
iiaeii auei caoaaoeoue. I?e/eiu yoiai e?ithony, eae n/eoaaony, a o?iaia
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey iauanoaa. Ionthaea i?yiie ia?aoiae e i?iaeaia
?aanoaa.
Aeey iuneeoaeae yoie yiioe ?aanoai auei yaeaieai anoanoaaiiui e aeaaea
i?ia?anneaiui. A?enoioaeue, iai?eia?, n/eoae aai
iauanoaaiii-iaiaoiaeeiui einoeoooii. Enoi/ieeaie ?aaia auee
aiaiiiieaiiua, a oaeaea naiaiaeiua, iiiaaoea a ?aanoai ca aeieae
(i?aaaea, iieiaeaiea eo auei eaa/a), e aeaoe, ?iaeaeaiiua ?aaaie. A ?ac
oae, oi ia iiaeao iaeia?youeny aiaoiyy iieeoeea, iai?aaeaiiay ia caoaao
ana iiauo oa??eoi?ee e ii?aaiuaiea iiauo ieeeeiiia eii?iaeoeaa. Iiyoiio
i?aiaeaaeathuaa aieueoeinoai iuneeoaeae n/eoaee i?aaiia?iui aanoe
aieiu i?ioea ae?oaeo ia?iaeia, aaaeue aieia yaeyeanue iniiaiui
enoi/ieeii ?aaneie neeu, aac eioi?ie ia iiaei nouanoaiaaoue
?aaiaeaaeaeue/aneia oicyenoai. Aa?aeeeo, iai?eia?, ooaa?aeaeae, /oi
“aieia anoue ioaoe e iaoue anaai; iaeiei iia ii?aaeaeeea auoue aiaaie,
ae?oaei ethaeueie; iaeieo iia naeaeaea ?aaaie, ae?oaeo naiaiaeiuie”.
A?enoioaeue ienae: “…anee au oeaoeeea /aeiiee naie oeaee, a ieaeo?u
naie ea?aee ia eeoa?a (iiae?acoiaaaaony aano?aeiinoue oaeiai
i?aaeiieiaeaiey), oiaaea e ciae/ea ia ioaeaeaeenue au a ?aaioieeao, a
ainiiaeai ia ioaeiu auee au ?aau”.
Aiieiae/iia ioiioaiea e ?aanoao auei e a ?eineie eiia?ee: ?eieyia
iacuaaee aa?aa?neei ana, /oi ia auei ?eineei, e aiai?eee: “Aeey
aa?aa?ia oeaie eee nia?oue”. I?ecua ae?aaia?eineiai iuneeoaey
Oeeoea?iia “Ionoue i?oaeea onooieo ianoi oiaa”, oi anoue ionoue ?aoaao
ia aiaiiay neea, a a?aaeaeaineay aeanoue, oaeoe/anee ia i?eiaiyeny a
ioiioaiee aa?aa?ia.
2. I?iaeaiu ie?a e o?enoeaineay ?aeeaey
Anee iiniio?aoue ia aii?in i ie?a aac aiei n oi/ee c?aiey
o?enoeaineie oea?eae, oi caeanue iiaeii aeaeaoue iaeioi?oth
aeaienoaaiiinoue. N iaeiie noi?iiu, iniiaiiieaaathuyy caiiaaaeue “Ia
oaee” iauyaeyea naiui oyaeaeui a?aoii eeoaiea /aeiaaea aeecie.
Oea?eiaue i?anaeaea iaaeaeioniaiua aieiu ia?eiaea n?aaeiaaaeiauey, /oi
oi?ioi io?aceeinue, iai?eia?, a enoi?ee ?one. Oae, eeaaneee eiycue
Aeaaeeie? Iiiiiao oaiaa?eaae eiycae ?onneeo ia i?ieeaaoue
o?enoeaineie e?iae a aaeeeee iino. O?enoeainoai auei eieoeeaoi?ii
onoaiiaeaiey oae iacuaaaiiai Ie?a Aiaeueaai (Pax Treuga Dei) — aeiae,
eiaaea i?ae?auaeenue iaaeaeioniaeoeu. Yoe aeie naycaiu auee n
ieoe/aneeie niauoeyie ec aeecie O?enoa, n aaaeiaeoeie ?aeeaeiciuie
i?acaeieeaie, aiaiiua aeaenoaey ia aaeenue oaeaea a aeie, iacia/aiiua
oea?eiaueth aeey ?aciuoeaiey e iieeoau a ia?eiae ni/aeueieea e iinoa.
Ia?ooaiea Ie?a Aiaeueaai ea?aeinue oo?aoaie, aeioiaeeaoeie aei
eiioeneaoeee eiouanoaa, ioeo/aieai io oea?eae e aeaaea oaeaniuie
iaeacaieyie. Iiae io?aio Ie?a Aiaeueaai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iiiaaeaee
oea?eae, iiianou?e, eaiaeeu, iooaoanoaaiieee, aeaiueiu, a oaeaea
i?aaeiaou, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey caieaaeaeey.
A oiaea a?aiy i?iiiaaaeue anaiauaai ie?a ia iaoaea o?enoeaineie oea?eae
inayuaoue iiiai/eneaiiua caaiaaaoaeueneea aieiu, e?anoiaua iioiaeu
i?ioea “iaaa?iuo”, iiaeaaeaiea e?anoueyineeo aeaeaeaiee. Oaeei ia?acii,
e?eoeea aieiu a oi a?aiy ia?aie/eaaeanue yoe/aneeie i?aaenoaaeaieyie
o?enoeaineiai aa?io/aiey, a eaeaaeii anaiauaai ie?a inoaaaeny ie?
n?aaee o?enoeaineeo ia?iaeia Aa?iiu.
III. Iiaua iiaeoiaeu e oeeinioneie i?iaeaia
aieiu e ie?a
1. Yiioa i?inaauaiey
Iiaia neiai i ie?a neacae iieiaeie ao?aeoaciue aoiaieci. Aai yiioa
auea a?aiaiai noaiiaeaiey eaieoaeenoe/aneeo ioiioaiee. I?ioeann
ia?aiia/aeueiiai iaeiieaiey eaieoaea e?iaueth aienuaaeny a enoi?eth ia
oieueei Aa?iiu, ii e anae ieaiaou. Yeni?ii?eaoeey o oe?ieeo ia?iaeiuo
iann caiee e i?oaeee o?oaea, eieiieaeueiua a?aaaaee e caoaaou a Aia?eea
e Ao?eea nicaeaee oneiaey aeey aicieeiiaaiey e ?acaeoey
eaieoaeenoe/aneiai niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa. Neeie i?oaeey nicaeaaaeenue e
iaoeeiiaeueiua ainoaea?noaa. Aianoan oai iieiaeay ao?aeoacey a
ecaanoiie noaiaie auea caeioa?aniaaia e a nio?aiaiee ie?a, a i?ae?auaiee
oaiaeaeueiuo ?ani?ae, a ?acaeoee aioo?aiiae e iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
oi?aiaee. Iia nicaeaea iaoeeiiaeueiua ?uiee, ia/aea naycuaaoue
yeiiiie/aneeie naycyie ana /anoe caiiiai oa?a a iaeei ie?iaie ?uiie.
A oeaio?a aieiaiey ia?aaeiauo iuneeoaeae yoie yiioe noiye /aeiaae, aai
inaiaiaeaeaiea io ioo oaiaeaeueiie caaeneiinoe, io aiaoa oea?eae e
nioeeaeueiie iani?aaaaeeeainoe. I?iaeaia iniuneaiey oneiaee
aa?iiie/aneiai ?acaeoey ee/iinoe, anoanoaaiii, i?eaaea aoiaienoia e
iinoaiiaea aii?ina ia ono?aiaiee ec aeecie ethaeae aaee/aeoaai cea —
aieiu. Caia/aoaeueiie iniaaiiinoueth aoiaienoe/aneeo o/aiee yiioe
I?inaauaiey auei inoaeaeaiea aieiu eae aaee/aeoaai aaaenoaey aeey
ia?iaeia.
?iaeaeaieth eaeae aa/iiai ie?a, aannii?ii, niinianoaiaaei i?aa?auaiea
aieiu ai anaaieueooth oa?ico aeey ia?iaeia Aa?iiu. Oniaa?oainoaiaaiea
i?oaeey, nicaeaiea ianniauo a?iee e aiaiiuo eiaeeoeee, iiiaieaoiea
aieiu, i?iaeieaeaaoea ?acaee?aoue aa?iiaeneea no?aiu a aua aieaa oe?ieeo
ianooaaao, /ai ?aiaa, canoaaeee iuneeoaeae /ooue ee ia aia?aua
caaeoiaoueny iaae i?iaeaiie acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie e
eneaoue iooe eo ii?iaeecaoeee, /oi, ii
iiaio iiaieth, yaeyaony ia?aie ioee/eoaeueiie /a?oie iiaeoiaea e
i?iaeaia ie?a a oi a?aiy. Aoi?ia, /oi aia?aua i?iyaeeinue oiaaea, — yoi
onoaiiaeaiea nayce iaaeaeo iieeoeeie e aieiaie.
Eaeaieiae I?inaauaiey iinoaaeee aii?in i oaeii ono?ienoaa iauanoaa,
e?aaoaieueiui eaiiai eioi?iai auea au iieeoe/aneay naiaiaea e
a?aaeaeaineia ?aaainoai, aunooiaee i?ioea anaai oaiaeaieueiiai no?iy
n aai nenoaiie nineiaiuo i?eaeeaaee. Auaeathueany i?aaenoaaeoaee
I?inaauaiey ionoaeaaee aiciiaeiinoue onoaiiaeaiey aa/iiai ie?a, ii
iaeeaeaee aai ia noieueei io nicaeaiey iniaie iieeoe/aneie eiiaeiaoeee
ainoaea?noa, neieueei io ana aieaa oneeeaathuaainy aeooiaiiai aaeeiaiey
anaai oeeaeeeciaaiiiai ie?a e nieeaea?iinoe yeiiiie/aneeo eioa?ania.
O?aioeocneee oeeinio-i?inaaoeoaeue AEai AEae ?onni a o?aeoaoa
“Noaeaeaiea i aa/iii ie?a” ieoao, /oi aieiu, caaiaaaiey e oneeaiea
aeaniioecia acaeiii naycaiu e niaeaenoaotho ae?oa ae?oao, /oi a
iauanoaa, ?acaeaeaiiii ia aiaaouo e aaaeiuo, ia ainiiaenoaothueo e
oaiaoaiiuo, /anoiua eioa?anu, oi anoue eioa?anu aeanoaothueo,
i?ioeai?a/ao iauei eioa?anai — eioa?anai ia?iaea. Ii naycuaae eaeath
anaiauaai ie?a n aii?oaeaiiui naa?aeaieai aeanoe i?aaeoaeae, eai iie ia
caeioa?aniaaiu a nio?aiaiee ie?a. Aiieiae/iu acaeyaeu ae?oaiai
o?aioeocneiai i?inaaoeoaey Aeaie Aeeae?i. Aieueoa? aea eniuouaae no?ao
ia?aae aeaeaeaieai iecia e naeaeae a iauanoaaiiie aeecie iuneee a
aeaea ?aaiethoeee naa?oo, inouanoaeyaiie “i?inaauaiiui” iiia?oii a
eioa?anao iaoeee.
Eioa?aniu acaeyaeu i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaiaoeeie eeanne/aneie oeieu
oeeinioee. E. Eaio aia?aua auneacae aeiaaaeeo ia iauaeoeaiie
caeiiiia?iinoe, aaaeouae e onoaiiaeaieth aa/iiai ie?a, i
iaecaaaeiinoe nicaeaiey ia ie?iuo ia/aeao nithca ia?iaeia. Caeanue
i?ienoiaeeo oi aea, /oi e n ioaeaeueiuie ethaeueie, iauaaeeiythueieny
a ainoaea?noai, aeaau aini?aiyonoaiaaoue acaeiiiio eno?aaeaieth.
Ainoaea?noaa auioaeaeaiu aoaeoo “anooieoue a nithc ia?iaeia, aaea
eaaeaeia, aeaaea naiia iaeaiueeia, ainoaea?noai iiaei au iaeeaeaoue
naiae aaciianiinoe e i?aa ia io naieo nianoaaiiuo nee, a eneeth/eoaeueii
io oaeiai aaeeeiai nithca ia?iaeia”. I?iaeaiu acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo
iacaaeneiuie ainoaea?noaaie Eaio ?anniao?eaaao a o?aeoaoa “E aa/iiio
ie?o”.
Naie o?aeoao Eaio no?ieo a aeaea aeiaiai?a, ia?iaee?oy
niioaaonoaothuea aeeieiiaoe/aneea aeieoiaiou. Nia/aea i?aeeieia?iua
noaouee, caoai “ieii/aoaeueiua” e aeaaea iaeia “oaeiay”. A
“ieii/aoaeueiuo” noaoueyo eaioianeiai i?iaeoa ?a/ue ia iaania/aiee
aeinoeaiooiai ie?a. A?aaeaeaineia ono?ienoai a eaaeaeii
ainoaea?noaa aeieaeii auoue ?anioaeeeaineei. Aoi?ay “ieii/aoaeueiay”
noaouey aeiaiai?a i aa/iii ie?a ii?aaeaeyao iniiao, ia eioi?ie
aicieeaao iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai, a eiaiii: iaaeaeoia?iaeiue nithc
ainoaea?noa, aaea ?aaeecoaony ono?ienoai, iiaeiaiia a?aaeaeaineiio
iauanoao, a eioi?ii aa?aioe?iaaiu i?aaa anao aai /eaiia. Nithc ia?iaeia,
“oaaea?aeeci naiaiaeiuo
ainoaea?noa” ia anaie?iia ainoaea?noai; Eaio iaaeaoniuneaiii aunooiaao
ca nio?aiaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai noaa?aieoaoa. O?aouey “ieii/aoaeueiay”
noaouey ia?aie/eaaao “anaie?iia a?aaeaeainoai” eeoue i?aaii ia
ainoai?eeinoai a /oaeie no?aia. Eaaeaeue /aeiaae aeieaeai eiaoue
aiciiaeiinoue iinaoeoue ethaie oaieie caiee e ia iiaeaa?aaoueny i?e yoii
iaiaaeaieyi e a?aaeaeaaiui aeaenoaeyi. Eaaeaeue ia?iae eiaao i?aai
ia oa??eoi?eth, eioi?oth ii caieiaao, aio ia aeieaeii oa?iaeaoue
ii?aaiuaiea ni noi?iiu i?eoaeueoeaa. Aeiaiai? i aa/iii ie?a aai/aao
“oaeiay” noaouey: “…ainoaea?noaa, aii?oaeeaoeany aeey aieiu, aeieaeiu
i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea iaeneiu oeeinioia ia oneiaeyo aiciiaeiinoe iauaai
ie?a.
Ae?oaie i?aaenoaaeoaeue iaiaoeeie eeanne/aneie oeeinioee E. Aa?aea?
n/eoaao, /oi niaeaoaiea, caeeth/aiiia a oneiaeyo a?aaeaeaaiuo
ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie, ia iiaeao neoaeeoue iaaeaaeiie
aa?aioeae ie?a. Aeey aeinoeaeaiey aa/iiai ie?a iaiaoiaeeii i?aanoaaiiia
ia?aainieoaiea ethaeae. Aa?aea? auaeaeaaao ?yae i?eioeeiia, n iiiiuueth
eioi?uo iiaeii ainieoaoue ethaeae a aeooa ni?aaaaeeeainoe e
/aeiaa/iinoe; a eo /enea ioa?auaiea e aieia, iaiueoaa ii/eoaiea aiaiiie
neaau: “Ana oe?a oe?a iaaei ?ani?ino?aiyoue oaaaeaeaiea a oii, /oi
aa?ieneee aeoo, i?iyaeaiiue a caaiaaaoaeueiuo aieiao, anoue aaiie? ia
oaea /aeiaa/anoaa e ioithaeue ia caneoaeeaaao oie neaau e ii/oaiey,
eioi?ua aicaeatho aio ii o?aaeeoeee,eaeouae io a?aeia, ?eieyi e
aa?aa?ia”. E?iia oiai, e oaeei i?eioeeiai Aa?aea? ioiineo i?aaeeueii
enoieeiaaiiue i/euaiiue iao?eioeci, /oanoai ni?aaaaeeeainoe e ae?oaei
ia?iaeai. I?e yoii Aa?aea? ia aiaeee?oao e i?aaeoaeuenoaai, a
ia?auaaony e ia?iaeai, e oe?ieei iannai, eioi?ua aieueoa anaai
no?aaeatho io aieiu. Anee aiein ia?iaeia i?icao/eo aeinoaoi/ii
aiooeoaeueii, i?aaeoaee auioaeaeaiu aoaeoo e iaio i?eneooaoueny e
iiaeiiaaoueny.
?aceei aeenniiainii caeanue cao/eo oai?ey Aaaaey. Aaniethoece?oy i?eiao
anaiauaai iaae aaeeie/iui, ?iaea iaae eiaeeaeaeii, ii n/eoae, /oi
aieia i?eaiaeeo a eniieiaiea enoi?e/aneee i?eaiai? oeaeui ia?iaeai,
eioi?ua ia naycaiu n aaniethoiui aeooii. Ii Aaaaeth, aieia —
aeaeaaoaeue enoi?e/aneiai i?ia?anna, “aieia nio?aiyao caei?iaoth
i?aanoaaiiinoue ia?iaeia a eo eiaeeooa?aioeee ii ioiioaieth e
ii?aaeaeaiiinoyi,e eo i?eau/iinoe e oei?aiaieth, iiaeiaii oiio, eae
aeaeaeaiea aao?a i?aaeio?aiyao ica?a io aieaiey, eioi?ia a?iceo ei i?e
aeeeoaeueiii caoeouea, oae aea eae ia?iaeai — aeeeoaeueiue eee oai
aieaa aa/iue ie?.”
2. Nia?aiaiiinoue
A aeaeueiaeoai oiaea enoi?ee i?iaeaiu ie?a i?iaeieaeaee caieiaoue oiu
/aeiaa/anoaa; iiiaea aeaeiua i?aaenoaaeoaee oeeinioee, aeayoaee iaoee
e eoeueoo?u ecaanoiu iai naieie acaeyaeaie ia yoe aii?inu. Oae, Eaa
Oienoie ionoaeaae a naieo i?iecaaaeaieyo eaeath “iai?ioeaeaiey ceo
ianeeeai”. A. I. ?aaeeuaa ioaa?aae oa iieiaeaiey oai?ee anoanoaaiiiai
i?aaa,eioi?ua i?eciaaaee aieio iaecaaaeiie, ii?aaaeuaaee i?aai aieiu.
Ii aai iiaieth, ono?ienoai iauanoaa ia ia/aeao aeaiie?aoe/aneie
?anioaeeee iaanaaaea ecaaaeo io aaee/aeoaai cea — aieiu. A. E.
Aa?oeai ienae: “Iu ia ?aaeu aieia, iai i?ioeaiu anyeiai ?iaea oaeenoaa —
iioii e a ?acaeaeo… Aieia — yoi eaciue ao?oii, yoi ei?aiiia
?ac?ooaiea.”
Aeaaaeoeaoue aae, i?eianoee /aeiaa/anoao aeaa iaaeaeaiiua aei yoiai ii
ianooaaai ie?iaua aieiu, aua aieaa iaino?ee cia/aiea i?iaeaiu aieiu
e ie?a. A yoio ia?eiae ?acaeaaaony iaoeeoenoneia aeaeaeaiea,
ca?iaeeaoaany a NOA e Aaeeeia?eoaiee iinea iaiieaiiianeeo aiei. Iii
ioaa?aaao anyeia ianeeea e ethaua aieiu, a oii /enea e iai?iieoaeueiua.
Iaeioi?ua nia?aiaiiua i?aaenoaaeoaee iaoeeoecia n/eoatho, /oi aieiu
en/acioo oiaaea, eiaaea ianaeaiea ia caiea noaiao noaaeeueiui;
ae?oaea ?ac?aaaouaatho oaeea ia?ii?eyoey, ia eioi?ua iiaeii auei au
ia?aeeth/eoue “aieinoaaiiue einoeieo” /aeiaaea. Oaeei “ii?aeueiui
yeaeaaeaioii”, ii eo iiaieth, iiaeao neoaeeoue ?acaeoea nii?oa,
iniaaiii ninoycaiee, naycaiiuo n ?eneii aeey aeecie.
Ecaanoiue enneaaeiaaoaeue E. Aaeooiaa iiiuoaeny aueoe ca oceea ?aiee
iaoeeoecia; aai eiioeaioeey au?aaeaaony a “ieieiecaoeee ianeeey e
iani?aaaaeeeainoe a ie?a”, oiaaea oieueei e niiaoo aunoea aeeciaiiua
/aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe. Aanueia eioa?ania iiceoeey iaeiiai ec naiuo
aeeyoaeueiuo oai?aoeeia ?eineiai eeoaa — A. Ia//ae, eioi?ue
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi nicaeaiiue /aeiaaeii iao/ii-oaoie/aneee eiiieaen
“eeoee aai i?eaioe?ia e ?aaiiaaney, iiaa?aioa a oainanth /aeiaa/aneoth
nenoaio”. Iniiaioth i?e/eio, iiae?uaathuoth onoie ie?a, ii aeaeeo a
ecuyiao ineoieiaee e ii?aee eiaeeaeaea — ae/iinoe, yaiecia, neeiiiinoe
e ceo, ianeeeth e o.ae. Iiyoiio aeaaioth ?ieue a inouanoaeaiee
aoiaienoe/aneie ia?ai?eaioaoeee /aeiaa/anoaa, ii aai iiaieth, ea?aao
“eciaiaiea ethaeueie naieo i?eau/ae, i?aaia, iiaaaeaiey”. “Aii?in
naiaeeony e oiio, — ieoao ii, — eae oaaaeeoue ethaeae a ?acee/iuo
oaieeao ie?a, /oi eiaiii a oniaa?oainoaiaaiee eo /aeiaa/aneeo ea/anoa
eaaeeo eeth/ e ?aoaieth i?iaeai.”
Caeeth/aiea
Iuneeoaee ?acee/iuo yiio inoaeaeaee aieiu, no?anoii ia/oaee i aa/iii
ie?a e ?ac?aaaouaaee ?acee/iua aniaeou i?iaeaiu anaiauaai ie?a. Iaeie
ec ieo ia?auaee aieiaiea a iniiaiii ia aa yoe/aneoth noi?iio. Iie
iieaaaee, /oi aa?anneaiay aieia anoue ii?iaeaeaiea aaci?aanoaaiiinoe,
/oi ie? iiaeao auoue aeinoeaioo oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa ii?aeueiiai
ia?aainieoaiey ethaeae a aeooa acaeiiiiieiaiey, oa?ieiinoe e ?acee/iui
aa?ieniiaaaeaieyi, ono?aiaiey iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo ia?aaeeoeia,
ainieoaiey ethaeae a aeooa i?eioeeia “ana ethaee a?aouey”.
Ae?oaea aeaeaee aeaaiia cei, i?e/eiyaiia aieiaie, a oicyenoaaiiie
?ac?ooa, a ia?ooaiee ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey anae yeiiiie/aneie
no?oeoo?u. A nayce n yoei iie iuoaeenue neeiieoue /aeiaa/anoai e ie?o,
?enoy ea?oeiu anaiauaai i?ioeaaoaiey a iauanoaa aac aiei, a eioi?ii
i?ei?eoao aoaeao ioaeaaaoueny ?acaeoeth iaoee, oaoieee, eneonnoaa,
eeoa?aoo?u, a ia niaa?oainoaiaaieth n?aaenoa oie/oiaeaiey. Iie n/eoaee,
/oi ie? iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeai a ?acoeueoaoa
?acoiiie iieeoeee i?inaauaiiiai i?aaeoaey.
O?aouee ?ac?aaaouaaee i?aaiaua aniaeou i?iaeaiu ie?a, aeinoe/ue
eioi?iai iie no?aieeenue iooai aeiaiai?a iaaeaeo i?aaeoaeuenoaaie,
nicaeaieai ?aaeiiaeueiuo eee anaie?iuo oaaea?aoeee ainoaea?noa.
I?iaeaia ie?a, eae e i?iaeaia aieiu, i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea
iieeoe/aneeo e iauanoaaiiuo aeaeaeaiee, o/aiuo iiiaeo no?ai.
Aannii?iu oniaoe ie?iethaeauo nee e anao i?aaiecaoeee, eae e
aeinoeaeaiey ?yaea oeie e iai?aaeaiee, iao/iuo oeaio?ia,
niaoeeaeece?othueony ia enneaaeiaaiee i?iaeai ie?a. Iaeiieaia
iaoe?iay noiia ciaiee i ie?a eae oeaee, eae oaeoi?a ?acaeoey e
auaeeaaiey /aeiaa/anoaa, i neiaeiie aeeaeaeoeea acaeiinayce aieiu e ie?a
e aa iniaaiiinoyo a nia?aiaiioth yiioo, i aiciiaeiuo iooyo e
i?aaeiinueeao i?iaeaeaeaiey e ie?o aac i?oaeey e aiei.
Noieue aea i/aaeaeai e ae?oaie aaaeiaeoee auaiae ec eceiaeaiiiai:
aiaeec eiioeaioeee ie?a o?aaoao na?ueaciuo oneeee. Aeieaeia auoue
iino?iaia aeinoaoi/ii aeoaieay e iineaaeiaaoaeueiay oeeinioey ie?a,
aaaeiaeoae ninoaaiie /anoueth eioi?ie aeieaeia noaoue aeeaeaeoeea aieiu
e ie?a a eo enoi?e/aneii ?acaeoee. A oi aea a?aiy i?iaeaia oeeinioee
ie?a ia aeieaeia auoue ?anoai?aia a caoaeaiiii aanno?anoiii
aeaaeaiecia, eceeoia caino?aia ia iieaieea aie?oa aeeoeieoeee e
acaeiinaycae ioaeaeueiuo iiiyoee, ioiinyueony e yoie io?anee
enneaaeiaaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ia?auaiea e iieeoeea e eaeaieiaee
(eae iieacaii auoa, naycue aieiu n iieeoeeie ia?ac?uaia), n iiae oi/ee
c?aiey, ia oieueei aeiionoeii, ii e iaiaoiaeeii a yoii aiaeeca —
?acoiaaony, ia a oua?a aai iao/iiio niaea?aeaieth.
Iaua/aeiaa/aneia, aeiaaeueiia niecia?aiea i?iaeai aieiu e ie?a
i?eaeaao iniaoth aeooaeueiinoue nio?oaeie/anoao iaoeeoenoia, aa?othueo
e aoaenoia, nioeeae-aeaiie?aoia e eiina?aaoi?ia, ae?oaeo ia?oee,
aeaeaeaiee e oa/aiee. Ieth?aeeci oeeinioneiai enoieeiaaiey ie?a,
eaeaeiue ieth?aeeci ia?ac?uaii naycaiu n iieeoe/aneei ieth?aeeciii.
?acee/iua eiiiiiaiou aeaeaeaiey ca ie? iaoiaeyony iaaeaeo niaie a
neiaeiuo ioiioaieyo — io eaeaeiie eiio?iioaoeee aei ieiaeioai?iiai
aeeaeiaa e niaianoiuo aeaenoaee. A yoii aeaeaeaiee
aini?iecaiaeeony aeiaaeueiay caaea/a — iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaeoe
iioeiaeueiua oi?iu nio?oaeie/anoaa ?acee/iuo iauanoaaiiuo e iieeoe/aneeo
nee ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey iauae aeey /aeiaa/aneiai niiauanoaa oeaee. Ie? —
yoi iaua/aeiaa/aneay oeaiiinoue, e aeinoeaiooa iia iiaeao auoue
oieueei iaueie oneeeyie anao ia?iaeia.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u:
Aiaiiieia A. N. Aioe/iay oeeinioey. I. 1985.
Aoeuaa A. A. Iaiaoeeay eeanne/aneay oeeinioey. I. 1986.
Eaioi A. N. Oeeinioey ie?a. I. 1990.
Eeaocaaeoe E. I aieia. I. 1990.
O?aeoaou i aa/iii ie?a. I. 1963.
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