Ia?ineee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao
Eaoaae?a oeeinioee
?AOA?AO
e eaiaeeaeaoneiio yecaiaio ii oeeinioee
Oaia: “I?iaeaia iiaeaee?iaaiey ia YAI
iniiaiuo ooieoeee /aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey”
Auiieiee:
Acaiia A.TH.
a.Ia?iue, 1996NIAeA?AEAIEA
Aaaaeaiea……………………………… 3
1. Eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo. Aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe aai
nicaeaiey………………..
5
2. N?aaiaiea eneonnoaaiiiai e anoanoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoia……………………………
12
3. I?iaeaia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee a eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoaiao. Yenia?oiua
nenoaiu…………….
16
4. Aii?in aeiaa?ey e ?acoeueoaoai aeayoaeueiinoe eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa……………….
22
Caeeth/aiea……………………………. 24
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u……………………… 26
AAAAeAIEA.
/aeii eiiiuethoa?iie ?aaiethoeee. Ii ia iooe aai nicaeaiey anoaao iiiai
aii?inia: i?eioeeieaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa ia iniiaa eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoai; aoaeao ee eneonnoaaiiue
eioaeeaeo YAI, anee aai oaeanony nicaeaoue, iiaeiaai /aeiaa/aneiio ii
oi?ia aini?eyoey e iniuneaiey ?aaeueiiai ie?a eee yoi aoaeao eioaeeaeo
niaa?oaiii eiiai ea/anoaa; aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee a
eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoaiao e iiiai ae?oaeo. Iiiaea i?iaeaiu ia ?aoaiu, e
n?aaee yoeo i?iaeai ia iineaaeiaa ianoi i?eiaaeeaaeeo i?iaeaiai, eioi?ua
iiaea au iiii/ue ?ac?aoeoue oeeinioey. Iaeioi?ua ec ieo iu ?anniio?ei a
yoie ?aaioa.
1. ENEONNOAAIIUE EIOAEEAEO.
AII?IN I AICIIAEIINOE AAI NICAeAIEss.
Oa?iei “eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo” aue aaaaeai Aeae. Iaeea?oe a 1956 a.
Nai oa?iei “eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo” eiaao aeaa iniiaiuo cia/aiey:
ai-ia?auo, iiae eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii iiieiaaony oai?ey nicaeaiey
i?ia?aiiiuo e aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, niiniaiuo inouanoaeyoue
eioaeeaeooaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue, niiinoaaeioth n eioaeeaeooaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth /aeiaaea; ai-aoi?uo, naie oaeea i?ia?aiiiua aiia?aoiua
n?aaenoaa, a oaeaea auiieiyaiay n eo iiiiuueth aeayoaeueiinoue.
Iniiaiay o?oaeiinoue eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
aei neo ii? ia nouanoaoao iaeiicia/iiai e iauai?eiyoiai ii?aaeaeaiey e
iiieiaiey eioaeeaeoa anoanoaaiiiai. Iiyoiio aieueoeinoai enneaaeiaaoaeae
eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa, oae aea eae e niaoeeaeenou ii eioi?iaoeeiiiie
yienoaiieiaee, auioaeaeaiu iieueciaaoueny iaeeeaoeaii. Ia i?aeoeea iiae
eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii iiae?acoiaaaaony iaai? i?ia?aiiiuo e
aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, eniieueciaaiea eioi?uo aeieaeii auei au i?eaiaeeoue
e oai aea ?acoeueoaoai, e eioi?ui i?e ?aoaiee aeaiiiai eeanna caaea/
i?eoiaeeo eioaeeaeooaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea. Yoi ii nouanoao
eoiaiaay eiioeaioeey eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa.[5]
Ae?oaie ?ani?ino?aiaiiue iaeeeaoea ii?aaeaeyao eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo
eae iieioth eee i?eaeeaeaiioth eieoaoeeth eioaeeaeooaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. iineieueeo aea /aeiaa/aneee eioaeeaeo aei neo
ii? inoaaony aaee/aeoae oeeinioneie caaaaeeie e aeaaea ia niaoeeaeueii
iao/ii-ineoieiae/aneii, ineoeao?e/aneii e eiae/aneii o?iaiyo eco/ai
eeoue oaiiiaiieiae/anee, oi ie iaeii ec ii?aaeaeaiee eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa ia iiaeao n/eoaoueny aiieia i?eaieaiui, a oai aieaa
ieii/aoaeueiui. Iiyoiio i?e ?aoaiee i?aeoe/aneeo caaea/ /aua
iieuecothony caaeaieai eo nienea e i?eieiatho ooaa?aeaeaiea, /oi aeaiiay
nenoaia yaeyaony nenoaiie eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa, anee iia a
ninoiyiee ?aoaoue aeaiiua caaea/e.[5]
Ii nouanoao, oeaio?aeueiay i?iaeaia eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa
caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai. Anee iu iaeaaeaai /aoeeie, iiaeaeathueieny
oi?iaeueiie yenieeeaoeee ciaieyie i ?aoaiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai eeanna
caaea/, oi ia iniiaa ?aaoey?ecaoeee oaeeo ciaiee iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu
/aoeea aeai?eoiu eee ya?enoe/aneea i?aaeea. Eniieuecoy eo, iiaeii
neiino?oe?iaaoue i?ia?aiiu, ?aaeecaoeey eioi?uo nia?aiaiiuie aiia?aoiuie
n?aaenoaaie niiniaia aeaoue ?aoaiea aeaiiuo caaea/. Iaeiaei /aeiaae
aeiaieueii /anoi ?aoaao caaea/e, ia ciay oiai. eae eiaiii ii nai yoi
aeaeaao. eiuie neiaaie, ethaee oaeoe/anee ia iaeaaeatho iieiui e
en/a?iuaathuei naiiiiciaieai. Yoi eanaaony ia oieueei /enoi
eioaeeaeooaeueiie noa?u aano?aeoiiai, eiae/aneiai iuoeaiey, ii e noa?u
yiioeeiiaeueiie oeceieiae/aneie. Iu aeaeei, iieuecoainy c?eoaeueiuie
ia?acaie, neuoei, iia?e?oai caoeiauie ia?acaie e o.ae., ia ciay, eae
eiaiii aicieeatho ia?acu e eaeiau a oi/iinoe caeiiiia?iinoe eo
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a iaoai niciaiee. Iu /anoi noaaei caaea/e, auneacuaaai
aeiaaaeee, i?eieiaai iaiaeeaeaiiua, a oii /enea i?eioeeieaeueii iiaua,
oai?/aneea, ?aoaiey, ia ciay, eae iu yoi aeaeaai, ia oiay a oi/iinoe
i?aaenoaaeoue aeai?eoi oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ec yoiai neaaeoao, /oi iu
ia anaaaea iiaeai ?aaoeyoeaece?iaaoue i?ioeannu, i?ioeaaeo?u e
iia?aoeee, eaaeauea a aa iniiaa, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia iiaeai ii?o/eoue
eiiiuethoa?o auiieiaiea niioaaonoaothueo eieoe?othueo eee aeoaee?othueo
aeaenoaee. Caeanue eae aoaeoi au aa?ao ?aaaio ciaiaieoue “oacen
Eaaeaen”, niaeanii eioi?iio iaoeia ieeiaaea ia niiaeao aeaeaoue oiai,
/oi ae ia ii?o/aao /aeiaae, /aai ii nai ia oiaao aeaeaoue. A
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aea nai /aeiaae oiaao aeaeaoue ai?acaei aieueoa, /ai
ciaao, eae aeaeaoue. Yoe ?annoaeaeaiey neoaeao iniiaaieai aeey
eiiiuethoa?iiai aaiinoeoeecia. Aai iiaee?aieytho oaeaea ii?aaeaeaiiua
oeeinioneea niia?aaeaiey, iniiauaathueany ia ia?aie/aiiie iiciaaaaiinoe
ie?a aiiaua e noauaeoeaii-aeooiaiiai ie?a /aeiaaea a iniaaiiinoe.
A oi aea a?aiy oaea nae/an nouanoaotho aeaaioneea aacu ciaiee e iiuiua,
iai?eia?, yenia?oiua nenoaiu, niaea?aeauea ouny/e i?aaee e niiniaiua
?aoeoue iaeioi?ua caaea/e eo/oa, /ai ienaaoea aeey ieo i?ia?aiiu
i?ia?aiienou eee niaoeeaeenou niioaaonoaothuaai i?ioeey. Ia naaiaeiyoiee
aeaiue eiathony eioaeeaeooaeueiua eiiiuethoa?iua nenoaiu, /eoathuea
aacaoiua oaenou ethaui aieinii, e i?eoii a ?aaeeia ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie, e
auiieiythuea ia?aaiaeu ii e?aeiae ia?a oaoie/aneie eeoa?aoo?u. Yoe e
ae?oaea oaeou eaaeao a iniiaa eiiiuethoa?iie yeoi?ee, ooaa?aeaeathuae,
/oi o?oaeiinoe ia iooe nicaeaiey eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa,
i?aainoiaeyuaai ii iiue e oai?/aneei aiciiaeiinoyi /aeiaa/aneee
eioaeeaeo, iinyo a?aiaiiue oa?aeoa? e naycaiu eeoue n oaoie/aneeie
i?iaeaiaie, i?eioeeieaeueii ono?aieiuie a iaic?eiii aoaeouai. E
eiiiuethoa?iue aaiinoeoeeci, e eiiiuethoa?iay yeoi?ey eiatho oeeinioneea
ei?ie. E iiyoiio ?a/ue aeieaeia eaeoe i auyniaiee i?eioeeieaeueiie, a ia
oaoie/aneie noi?iia aeaea. N oeeinioneie aea oi/ee c?aiey iia
caeeth/aaony a enneaaeiaaiee oiai, yaeyaony ee iuoeaiea eneeth/eoaeueiie
i?a?iaaoeaie /aeiaaea, oi/iaa, /aeiaa/aneiai iicaa, eee aea oaeay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia naycaia n iei iaeiicia/ii e iaaaee e iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny ia/aeiaa/aneeie, a oii /enea oaoie/aneeie, aiia?aoiuie
nenoaiaie. Anee i?eiyoue ia?aoth aeueoa?iaoeao, oi neaaeoao aeaeaa
ioaaoeoue ia aii?in, iaeaaeaao ee /aeiaa/aneee iica eaeeie-oi
niaoeeoe/aneeie iaoaieciaie, oieeaeueiuie, iaaini?iecaiaeeiuie n
iiiiuueth ae?oaeo nenoai e a aeiiieiaiea ei anaio iaiiciaaaaiuie,
aneaaenoaea /aai ioiineoaeueii noaoai aoiaiieaeiie i?e?iaeu iuoeaiey ia
iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu aaeaeaaoiua ciaiey, a noaei auoue, iaaiciiaeia e eo
?aaoey?ecaoeey. anee ia yoio aii?in iiaeao auoue iieo/ai aeieacaoaeueiue
io?eoeaoaeueiue ioaao, oi yoi aua oiaea ia icia/aao i?eciaiey i?yiie
i?aeoe/aneie aiciiaeiinoe nicaeaiey eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa, oae eae
iiaeao, iai?eia? ieacaoueny, /oi aai nicaeaiea oie?aaony a oaoie/aneoth
iainouanoaeiinoue oao eee eiuo eioaeeaeooaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo?. Ii ana aea
oaeie ioaao aeae au i?eioeeieaeueiia iniiaaiea anee ia aeey yeoi?ee, oi
ii e?aeiae ia?a aeey ia?aie/aiiiai eiiiuethoa?iiai iioeiecia.
Nii? iaaeaeo eiiiuethoa?iuie ianneienoaie e iioeienoaie iiae?acoiaaaao
aeaa i?ioeaiiieiaeiua oeeinioneea aeiioacu. ia?aay enoiaeeo ec
aaniethoiie oieeaeueiinoe “/aeiaa/aneie oaeaniinoe”, iaiiaoi?eiinoe
/aeiaa/aneie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe. Iiyoiio nicaeaiea eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa, iiaeiaiiai eioaeeaeoo /aeiaaea, iauyaeyaony iaaiciiaeiui.
Aoi?ay aeiioaca, iai?ioea, i?eieiaao oacen i i?eioeeieaeueiie
eaeaioe/iinoe yeaiaioa?iuo iia?aoeee /aeiaa/aneiai e iaoeiiiai iuoeaiey.
iiciaaaoaeueiua i?ioeannu, /oanoaaiiua ia?acu, onoaiiaee e oeaiiinoe
iiaoo auoue aieaa eee iaiaa aaeaeaaoii ?aaeeciaaiu e niiaeaee?iaaiu ia
aeene?aoiuo yeaeo?iiiuo au/eneeoaeueiuo nenoaiao. Iniiao aoi?ie aeiioacu
ninoaaeyao oi?ioi ?ac?aaioaiiay oai?ey au/eneeoaeueiuo ooieoeee,
i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia eiino?oeoeaii-aiia?aoioth ?aaeecoaiinoue.
Eioa?anioth iuneue, ii iiaiaeo ioiioaiey e eneonnoaaiiiio eioaeeaeoo,
auneacae A. Yiae?th: ”Iaeuecy oeoe io oiai oaeoa, /oi au/eneeoaeueiay
iaoeia aeaenoaeoaeueii yaeyaony iineooiui eniieieoaeai i?ia?aiiu. Ii
eiaaea YAI e i?ia?aiia noaiiayony aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiuie, iiaaaeaiea
iaoeiu iiaeao ieacaoueny i?aeoe/anee iai?aaeneacoaiui (oioy iii e
i?aaeneacoaii a i?eioeeia). Iiyoiio ia eeoaii niunea ?anniao?eaaoue
iaoeio, eae ono?ienoai, i?eioeeieaeueii niiniaiia e “iiaaoi?noao”.[7]
2. N?AAIAIEA ENEONNOAAIIIAI E
ANOANOAAIIIAI EIOAEEAEOIA
N iiiaioa iiyaeaiey aii?ina i nicaeaiee eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa
cia/eoaeueiia /enei oneeee o/aiuo iinayuaaony n?aaiaieth
eioaeeaeooaeueiie nenoaiu e /aeiaa/aneiai ?acoia. N?aaiaiea yoi
i?iaiaeeony ii ?acee/iui eeieyi, iaeioi?ua ec ieo oiiieiaeenue auoa:
n?aaieaathony iaoaieciu e ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu e
/aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey, eo yooaeoeaiinoue a ?aoaiee oao eee eiuo oeiia
caaea/. Aii?in i noiaenoaa e ?acee/ee iaaeaeo eneonnoaaiiie
eioaeeaeooaeueiie nenoaiie e /aeiaa/aneei ?acoiii ia?aaeei naycuaaaony n
aii?inii i ia?niaeoeaao eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa eae iao/iiai
iai?aaeaiey. I?e yoii iaeie enneaaeiaaoaee n/eoatho, /oi no?aoaae/aneie
eeieae aeieaeii auoue ana aieueoaa i?eaeeaeaiea aiciiaeiinoae
eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu e aiciiaeiinoyi /aeiaa/aneiai ?acoia, ae?oaea,
iai?ioea ionoaeaatho oi/eo c?aiey, niaeanii eioi?ie oeaeueth
eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa ia iiaeaee?iaaiea /aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey, a
ecia?aoaiea niiniaia ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee, i?eioeeieaeueii ioee/iuo io
/aeiaa/aneeo e i?eiaiyaiuo oai, aaea /aeiaa/aneia iuoeaiea ia yooaeoeaii
eee aaea aai eniieueciaaiea iaoeaeaniia?acii.
A?aiy io a?aiaie auneacuaathony iiaiey i i?eioeeieaeueiie
iaoeaeaniia?aciinoe n?aaiaiey eioaeeaeooaeueiie eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu e
/aeiaa/aneiai eioaeeaeoa. Oai ia iaiaa, eae ioia/aao E.TH.Aeaenaaaa,
n?aaiaiea nenoai eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa n anoanoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii ia
oieueei yaeyaony ?aaeecaoeeae iaono?aieiie iio?aaiinoe /aeiaaea a
niioianaiee “y” n oai, /oi a eaeii-oi ioiioaiee iiaeiaii iia,
i?eiaaeeaaea e iaeanoe “ia-y”, ii e ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a nicaeaiee
iiauo oeiia eioaeeaeooaeueiuo nenoai, a oi?ie?iaaiee iiaeoiaeia e
ia?aaeeai eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa.[1]
Eioa?anai iiaeoiae I. I. Aioaeieea e n?aaiaieth eneonnoaaiiiai e
anoanoaaiiiai (/aeiaa/aneiai) eioaeeaeoa: “Oneiaeiny, /oi aoaeai
ioeaieaaoue eioaeeaeo n eeaa?iaoe/aneie oi/ee c?aiey. A eae oiaaea aai
iiaeii ioeaieoue? Yoi niiniaiinoue i?eieiaoue ?aoaiea – oi?ioaa ?aoaiea
a neiaeiie neooaoeee i?e yeiiiiiii ?anoiaeiaaiee ?ano?nia. Anee iieaeai
n yoie oi/ee c?aiey, oi ia oniio?ei ?acee/ee iaaeaeo anoanoaaiiui e
eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii”.[3]
Aeae.Oiaaeaiaeii noi?ioee?iaai “ia?aaeien iaoaie/aneiai ?acoia.
“?annoaeaeaiea (a aai au/eneai/aneie iiaeaee) anoue iaieioeyoeey
iaicia/athueie neiaieaie a niioaaonoaee n iaeioi?uie ?aoeeiiaeueiuie
i?aaeeaie (a eioaa?e?iaaiiie nenoaia). aeey inouanoaeaiey yoeo
iaieioeyoeee aeieaeai eiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiue aeae iaieioeyoi?ia. I?e
yoii iaieioeyoi? eee ia?auaao aieiaiea ia oi, /oi iaicia/atho neiaieu e
i?aaeea, eee ia ia?auaao. Ii anee ii ia?auaao aieiaiea ia cia/aiea
(niune), oi ii ia iiaeao auoue iieiinoueth iaoaie/aneei, iioiio, /oi
cia/aiey (niuneu) ia eniuouaatho oece/aneeo aicaeaenoaee. N ae?oaie
noi?iiu, anee iaieioeyoi? ia i?eieiaao ai aieiaiea cia/aiea (niune), oi
iaieioeyoeee ia iiaoo n/eoaoueny i?eia?aie ?annoaeaeaiey, oae eae ia
iiaeao n/eoaoueny ?acoiiui oi, /oi ia caaeneo ?aoathuei ia?acii io
cia/aiey (niunea) neiaieia. Ei?i/a aiai?y, anee i?ioeann eee nenoaia
iaoaie/aneea, oi iie ia iiaoo n/eoaoueny ?acoiii, anee aea yoi ?acoi, oi
ii ia iiaeao auoue iaoaie/aneei”. ?ac?aoaiea yoiai ia?aaeiena, n/eoaao
aaoi?, iiaei au neoaeeoue oeeinioneei iniiaaieai iiaeuaia eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa.[1]
3. I?IAEAIA I?AAeNOAAEAIEss CIAIEE
A EIIIUeTHOA?IUO NENOAIAO.
YENIA?OIUA NENOAIU.
I?iaeaia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee a eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoaiao – iaeia ec
iniiaiuo i?iaeai a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa. ?aoaiea yoie
i?iaeaiu iicaieeo niaoeeaeenoai, ia iao/aiiui i?ia?aiie?iaaieth,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia ycuea “aeaeiaie i?icu” a aeeaeiaiaii ?aaeeia
?aaioaoue n YAI e n aa iiiiuueth oi?ie?iaaoue iaiaoiaeeiua ?aoaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee a eiiiuethoa?iuo
nenoaiao iicaieeo nouanoaaiii oneeeoue eioaeeaeooaeueioth oai?/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea ca n/ao YAI.[4]
Inoaiiaeiny ia enoi?ee ?acaeoey yoie i?iaeaiu. N iiyaeaieai YAI
ioe?ueanue aiciiaeiinoue yeaeo?iiiiai i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee. Ia ia?aii
yoaia yoi auee naie aeaiiua, e ia?aaaouaathuea eo i?ia?aiiu.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea niaoeeaeenoia ?aciuo i?ioeeae, a eioa?anao eioi?uo
eniieueciaaeenue YAI, inouanoaeyeinue /a?ac iaoaiaoeeia-i?eeeaaeieeia e
i?ia?aiienoia. A aeaeueiaeoai i?iecioei ioaeaeaiea aeaiiuo io i?ia?aii –
iiyaeeenue aacu e aaiee aeaiiuo, /oi, a naith i/a?aaeue, iicaieeei
nicaeaaaoue eioi?iaoeeiiii-ni?aai/iua, eioi?iaoeeiiii-iieneiaua nenoaiu
?acee/iuo oeiia. Iiyaeeny aeeaeiaiaue ?aaeei acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea n
YAI, eioi?ue a ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaeaeao iicaieee iaania/eoue ?aaioo
niaoeeaeenoia, ia iao/aiiuo i?ia?aiie?iaaieth.
A naith i/a?aaeue, nicaeaiea aaieia aeaiiuo e aac aeaiiuo, a oaeaea
naiuo neiaeiuo i?ia?aii ai iiiaii noaei aiciiaeiui iioiio, /oi ei?aiiui
ia?acii eciaieeny e ycue e i?eioeeiu i?ia?aiie?iaaiey. I?aeoe/anee any
i?aaenoaaeaiiay caeanue yaiethoeey iie?aeanue ia o?oaeiue, ii ianoie/eai
inouanoaeyaiue i?ioeann naeeaeaiey ycueia YAI n /aeiaa/aneei ycueii.
Ii?aaeaeaiiua oniaoe a yoie iaeanoe iicaieeee aiai?eoue aeaaea ia
eioaeeaeooaeecaoeee YAI. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?iaeaia naeeaeaiey ycueia
?aoaeanue aeey nicaeaiey aieueoeo eioi?iaoeeiiii-iieneiauo nenoai, aaea
iieueciaaoaeue iauaeny n YAI ia ia?aie/aiiii anoanoaaiiii ycuea, oi
anoue ia ycuea “aeaeiaie i?icu”.
Aicieeoay caeanue i?iaeaia niuneiaiai aiaeeca oaenoia n?aco iinoaaeea
aii?in i iino?iaiee naiaioe/aneie (niuneiaie) iiaeaee ii?aaeaeaiiie
i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe. Iaeiaei oae eae YAI nae/an niiniaiu ia?aaaouaaoue
oieueei oi?iaeeciaaiiua aeaiiua, oaeea iiaeaee iiaee auoue iino?iaiu
oieueei a neo/aa oniaoiie oi?iaeecaoeee ciaiee a yoie iaeanoe. A nayce n
yoei a oai?ee eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa auee ?ac?aaioaiu oi?iaeeciu
i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee – naiaioe/aneea naoe, o?aeiu, i?iaeoeoeeiiiua
nenoaiu. Oi?iaeeciu eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa iicaieeee, n iaeiie
noi?iiu, no?ieoue aacu ciaiee eae aano?aeoioth iaaeno?ieeo iaae aacie
aeaiiuo, a n ae?oaie – nicaeaaaoue iiaeaee ciaiee iiiaeanoaa iaeanoae
iienaoaeueiuo e neaai oi?iaeeciaaiiuo iaoe (aaieiaey, iaaeeoeeia,
aeieiaey, iauanoaaiiua iaoee e ae?.).[6]
Iaeiaei iaeuecy ia o/eouaaoue oiai, /oi nicaeaaaoue eneonnoaaiiue
eioaeeaeo, iiaeiaiue /aeiaa/aneiio, iooai iieiie oi?iaeecaoeee anaai
ie?oaeathuaai ie?a – yoi aaconiaoiay iiiuoea. oai. aaea ia/eiaaony
aaniethoiay oi?iaeecaoeey, caeai/eaaaony iiaeeeiiue eioaeeaeo,
niaea?aeauee oai?/aneia ia/aei, naienoaaiiia /aeiaaeo. Eioa?i?aoe?oy yoi
iieiaeaiea aeey eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoai, iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi iieiay
oi?iaeecaoeey – yoi a?aa eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa.
Naaiaeiy YAI niciaoaeueii eniieuecothony eae n?aaenoai i?aaenoaaeaiey
ciaiee. Iaeiaei naie YAI niaea?aeao ia ciaiea, a eioi?iaoeeth, oi anoue
i?aaenoaaeaiea eee iiaeaeue ciaiey. Ia iniiaa yoie iiaeaee
iieueciaaoaeue ainnicaeaao iaiaoiaeeiia aio ciaiea. Niaea?aeeiia iaiyoe
YAI ia ?aaiineeueii /aeiaa/aneiio ciaieth, eioi?ia yaeyaony ai?acaei
aieaa neiaeiui oaiiiaiii, ii iiaeao neoaeeoue oaeiaiie aeey
eiiioieeaoeee iiaeaeueth yoiai ciaiey. Yoio i?eioeei iiaeaee?iaaiey
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee eaaeeo a iniiaa yenia?oiuo nenoai. Iineieueeo
yenia?oiua nenoaiu iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiiiaatho a inouanoaeaiee
eioaeeaeooaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, oi ?ac?aaioeo yenia?oiuo
nenoai /anoi ioiinyo e aeinoeaeaieyi a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa. Iaeiaei iiiaea niaoeeaeenou n/eoatho yenia?oiua nenoaiu
yooaeoeaiie aeueoa?iaoeaie eneonnoaaiiiio eioaeeaeoo, oioy a eo
nicaeaiee eniieueciaai ?yae nia?aiaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee ec iaeanoe
eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa.[4]
A oi a?aiy, eae eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo noaaeo caaea/o nicaeaiey
eioaeeaeooaeueiuo iiaeaeae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, iaania/eaathueo
oeaeaniia?aciia iiaaaeaiea, aeaaiia a ?ac?aaioea yenia?oiuo nenoai – yoi
iiaeaeue i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee ia ii?aaeaeaiiii aniaeoa
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?enoueo /aeiaaeo – yenia?oo eee ianeieueeei
yenia?oai.[4]
?ac?aaioee a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa iai?aaeaiu ia caiaio
eioaeeaeooaeueiuo ooieoeee /aeiaaea ooieoeeyie YAI. A i?ioeaiaan yoiio
yenia?oiua nenoaiu ia oieueei ia i?aaeiieaaatho auoaniaiey /aeiaaea ec
eaeeo-eeai eioaeeaeooaeueiuo noa? aeayoaeueiinoe, a iaiai?io,
i?eaioe?othony ia oi, /oi i?ioanneiiaeueiua ciaiey niaoeeaeenoa, eae
i?aaeei, eo/oa iienuaatho ieioi no?oeoo?e?iaaiioth aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue,
/ai ethaay eneonnoaaiiay iiaeaeue, a ?ieue yenia?oiuo nenoai ninoieo a
oii, /oiau naeaeaoue ciaiey iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo yenia?oia
aeinoiyieai ethaiai niaoeeaeenoa a aeaiiie iaeanoe iacaaeneii io
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo ia?aie/aiee. I?e yoii io iieueciaaoaey
yenia?oiie nenoaiu a ea/anoaa oneiaey yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey
i?aaenoaaeyaiuo eiinoeueoaoeee o?aaoaony i?ioanneiiaeueiia oai?/aneia
aeaaeaiea i?aaeiaoii. A eaeaaea iieueciaaoaeue a i?ioeanna
acaeiiaeaenoaey n yenia?oiie nenoaiie nai noaiiaeony yenia?oii, ciaiey
eioi?iai o/eouaathony a yoie nenoaia. Anee eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo
o?aaeeoeeiiii ioaiaeeo /aeiaaeo ianneaioth ?ieue eeoea,
ia?aeeaaeuaathuaai ia YAI oyaeanoue o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee, oi yenia?oiua
nenoaiu i?eaioe?othony ia oai?/anoai iieueciaaoaey, niiniaiiai
naiinoiyoaeueii i?eieiaoue ioaaonoaaiiua ?aoaiey n o/aoii
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeythony aio /a?ac yenia?oiua
nenoaiu.
4. AII?IN AeIAA?Ess E ?ACOEUeOAOAI
AeAssOAEUeIINOE ENEONNOAAIIIAI EIOAEEAEOA.
Oioy nicaeaiea “iiaeeeiiiai” eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa a?yae ee iiaeii
n/eoaoue niauoeai iaic?eiiai aoaeouaai, oaea naaiaeiy eiiiuethoa?u (e ia
oieueei nenoaiu eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa) iaeaaeatho aeinoaoi/iie
noaiaiueth aaoiiiiiinoe e iaeiio?iee?oaiinoe ni noi?iiu /aeiaaea, /oiau
ii?iaeeoue i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n aeiaa?eai e ?acoeueoaoai
eioi?iaoeeiiii-ia?a?aaaouaathuae aeayoaeueiinoe (eiaaony aaeaeo
ia?a?aaioea eioi?iaoeee a oe?ieii niunea, i?aaeiieaaathuay iieo/aiea,
o?aiaiea, i?aia?aciaaiea e ia?aaea/o eioi?iaoeee). Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue
yoeo i?iaeai eiaao oaoie/aneee eee i?aeoe/aneee oa?aeoa?. Iaeiaei
nouanoaotho e nianoaaiii iaoaoece/aneea aii?inu, oi eee eiia ?aoaiea
eioi?uo niiniaii ieacaoue (eee iiaenioaeii ieacuaaao) aeeyiea ia auai?
no?aoaaee i?eiyoey i?aeoe/aneeo ia? eiio?iey ca eiiiuethoa?iie
ia?a?aaioeie eioi?iaoeee.[1]
I?iaeaiu eiio?iey ca ?aaioie eiiiuethoa?a e ioeaiee ?acoeueoaoia
ia?a?aaioee eioi?iaoeee eiiiuethoa?ii (eee n iiiiuueth eiiiuethoa?a)
naycaiu n iaaiciiaeiinoueth aeey /aeiaaea i?ineaaeeoue ca auiieiaieai
iia?aoeee. Ia/eiay n ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiee/anoaa aeaiiuo e ii?aaeaeaiiie
nei?inoe eo ia?aaioee, iu aeieaeiu iniiauaaoueny ia niiieoaeueiii
iieiaeaiee, /oi eiiiuethoa? ia aoaeao aanoe naay eia/a a noa?a aieueoeo
eiee/anoa e nei?inoae, /ai oa, n eioi?uie iu iaiin?aaenoaaiii ciaeiiu.
*oi eanaaony /aeiaaea, oi ii ia a ninoiyiee i?iaa?eoue iiiaea aeaaea
ioiineoaeueii ei?ioeea iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe iia?aoeee, auiieiyaiuo
iau/iuie eiiiuethoa?aie. A aua aieueoae noaiaie yoi ni?aaaaeeeai aeey
neiaeiuo i?ia?aii, a eioi?uo iiiaea au/eneaiey auiieiythony
ia?aeeaeueii.
I?e iainouanoaeiinoe i?yiiai eiio?iey ca ?aaioie iaoeiu e en/a?iuaathuae
i?iaa?ee ?acoeueoaoia iaoeiiuo iia?aoeee, eiaao niune no?aieony ana aea
iaania/eoue iaeneiaeueii aeinoeaeeiue eiio?ieue e iaeneiaeueii
aeinoeaeeioth iaaeaaeiinoue iaoiaeia i?iaa?ee ?acoeueoaoia
eiiiuethoa?iuo au/eneaiee. N?aaenoaa aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee ?acee/iu
aeey ?acee/iuo oeiia nenoai.
CAEETH*AIEA.
A caeeth/aiea iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi i?iaeaia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee
a eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoaiao yaeyaony iiaeaeoe naiie aaaeiaeoae a iaeanoe
iiaeaee?iaaiey ia YAI ooieoeee /aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey.
Iaeaieeaay ciaiey i aiaoiai ie?a, oeene?oy aeaiiua, iniuneeaay eo,
/aeiaae nicaeaao neiaeioth nenoaio i?aaenoaaeaiee – iaeoth
eiioeaiooaeueioth iiaeaeue, eioi?ay a eiia/iii eoiaa oeene?oaony
anoanoaaiiui ycueii. Iiaeaeue aiaoiaai ie?a o /aeiaaea neaai
oeiece?iaaia e neaai oi?iaeeciaaia, oaeay iiaeaeue i?aaeiieaaaao
iia?e?iaaiea ia?acaie, e a iae iiaeii auaeaeeoue neioaene/aneee,
naiaioe/aneee e i?aaiaoe/aneee o?iaie. Iaeiaei iaiaoiaeeii iiiieoue, /oi
yoi iiaeaeue.
A YAI oaeaea iiaeao auoue nicaeaia iiaeaeue aiaoiaai ie?a, iaeiaei
i?eioeeiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eiiiuethoa?a oaeiau, /oi yoa iiaeaeue
aeieaeia auoue no?iai oi?iaeeciaaia.
Naaiaeiyoiee iiuo canoaaeyao naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi oaeay oi?iaeeciaaiiay
iiaeaeue iienuaaao ?aaeueiue ie? i/aiue iaoi/ii. Aeey aaeaeaaoiiai
ioia?aaeaiey aiaoiaai ie?a eiiiuethoa?iua iiaeaee aeieaeiu iaeaaeaoue
aeaeinoueth, iiiaiieaiiainoueth e oae aeaeaa, ii iaiaoiaeeiinoue
oi?iaeecaoeee iaeeaaeuaaao nouanoaaiiua ia?aie/aiey i?e ioia?aaeaiee
?aaeueii nouanoaothueo iauaeoia e naycae iaaeaeo ieie. Iiaeaeue
ie?oaeathuaai ie?a o nia?aiaiiiai eiiiuethoa?a ianoieueei iaoi/ia, /oi
caaea/a nicaeaiey eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa a iaic?eiii aoaeouai ia
iiaeao auoue iinoaaeaia iao/ii. Iaeiaei iaeuecy ia aeaeaoue, /oi
i?ienoiaeeo iinoiyiiia niaa?oainoaiaaiea nenoaiu i?aaenoaaeaiey e
iia?e?iaaiey aeaiiuie, oaea nicaeaiu e ooieoeeiie?otho neiaeiaeoea
yenia?oiua nenoaiu, eioi?ua ieacuaatho nouanoaaiioth iiiiuue
niaoeeaeenoai a ?acee/iuo iaeanoyo /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. E oaeea
yenia?oiua nenoaiu – aua aeaeaei ia i?aaeae aiciiaeiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiey
ciaiee a YAI.
A yoie ?aaioa eeoue iaicia/aiu neiaeiua aii?inu, noiyuea ia iooe
iiaeaee?iaaiey ia YAI iniiaiuo ooieoeee /aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey, eioi?ua
o?aaotho aieaa aeaoaeueiiai e eiiieaeniiai oeeinioneiai,
iaoiaeieiae/aneiai aiaeeca.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U.
Aeaenaaaa E.TH., *aeiaa/aneia ciaiea e aai eiiiuethoa?iue ia?ac, I.,
EO?AI, 1993.
Aeaenaaaa E.TH., Ciaiea eae iauaeo eiiiuethoa?iiai iiaeaee?iaaiey /
Aii?inu oeeinioee, 1987, ?5.
Aioaeiee I.I., Ii/aio aicieeea eaeay eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa?/Eeaa?iaoeea: Ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey, I., 1981.
I?iaeaia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee a eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoaiao (iaoa?eaeu
“E?oaeiai noiea) / Aii?inu oeeinioee, 1987, ?1.
?aeeoia A.E., Oeeinioey eiiiuethoa?iie ?aaiethoeee, I., Iieeoecaeao,
1991.
Nioeeaeueiua e iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu eioi?iaoeee, a o./. n?aaenoa
aaoiiaoecaoeee (iaoa?eaeu “E?oaeiai noiea”)/ Aii?inu oeeinioee, 1986, ??
9,10,11.
Yiae?th A., Eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo, I., Ie?, 1985.
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