1
IEAOII
Aeeaeia “Oaaeii”
1. *oi iiieiaao Ieaoii iiae enoeiiui iiciaieai?
2. Eae Ieaoii oa?aeoa?ecoao aeooo e oaei, eo ?ieue a iiciaiee enoeiu?
3. Eaeea a?aoiaiou i?eaiaeeo Ieaoii, aeieacuaay aannia?oea aeooe?
4. Eae Ieaoii oa?aeoa?ecoao eaeath?
5. Ii/aio iiciaiea anoue i?eiiieiaiea?
6. *oi anoue auoea e ii/aio?
7. *oi yaeyaony i?aaeiaoii iaoee aeeaeaeoeee?
1. *oi iiieiaao Ieaoii iiae enoeiiui iiciaieai?
Ioaa/ay ia aii?in “*oi oaeia ciaiea?” Ieaoii iieacuaaao
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue noaeaeaiey, /oi ciaiea anoue iuouaiea. Aaaeue iii,
?annoaeaeaao Ieaoii, i?aaenoaaeyao ia/oi oaeo/aa, eciai/eaia,
iaonoie/eaia, aaeeie/iia, i?ioeai?a/a oai naiui iiiyoeth ciaiey,
iai?aaeaiiiai ia iinoiyiiia, onoie/eaia , anaiauaa. *oanoaaiiia ciaiea
ia eiaao eiiai e?eoa?ey, e?iia naay naiiai, e oai naiui “ia?ie anao
aauae” ieacuaaaony “/aeiaae”. Ii ii/aio /aeiaae, a ia naeiuey e ia
eeiieaoae – oaioanoe/aneia nouanoai n oaeii /aeiaaea e aieiaie niaaee?
Iaeiiaoe /oanoaaiiia ciaiea ia anoue ciaiea, eai ciaiea ie/oi aac
iiieiaiey. Aaaeue iu neuoei, o.a. /oanoaaiii aini?eieiaai /oaeoth ?a/ue,
ii ia iiieiaai aa, o.a. ia ciaai, /oi eiaaony a aeaeo.
Eaeia aea auoiae? I?eciaoue, /oi iiaeeeiiia ciaiea anoue ciaiea
?acoiiia, o.a. iii aeinoeaaaony ?acoiii. a ai-aoi?uo ioiineony e
“?acoiiui”, oiiiinoeaaaiui i?aaeiaoai. Eia/a aiai?y, iiaeeeiiui
i?aaeiaoai ?acoiiiai ciaiey yaeythony ia aaue, a eaeae eae “iiaeeeiii
nouaa” eee i?inoi “nouaa auoea”.
2.Eae Ieaoii oa?aeoa?ecoao aeooo e oaei, eo ?ieue a iiciaiee enoeiu?
Ieaoii n/eoae /oi, enoeiiia iiciaiea aeinoeaeeii oieueei iinea
nia?oe, eeai aai aiana iaeuecy iinoe/ue. Aeooa – /enoa, oaei – ii?i/ii,
ia ?annoaaoenue n oaeii iaeuecy iiciaoue enoeio.
Aeooa anaaaea iaiaiuaaaony ii aeia oaea. E eo/a anaai iuneeo iia,
eiia/ii, eiaaea aa ia o?aaiaeeo ie neoo, ie c?aiea, ie aieue, ie
oaeiaieuenoaea, eiaaea ?ani?inoeaoenue n oaeii, iia inoaaony iaeia eee
ii/oe iaeia e ono?aieony e iiaeeeiiiio auoeth, i?ae?aoea e i?anaeoe,
ianeieueei yoi aiciiaeii iauaiea n oaeii.
Anee au ni nia?oueth oaea iiaeaaea au e aeooa, ?annoaeaeaao Ieaoii, oi
aeo?iui ethaeyi ia i /ai auei au aaniieieony. Nia?oue auea au aeey ieo
“n/anoeeaie iaoiaeeie”: neii/aaoenue, iie ecaaaeyeenue au e io oaea, e
io naiae aeooe n aa ii?ieaie. Iaeiaei “?ac auynieeinue, /oi aeooa
aannia?oia, aeey iaa iao, aeaeeii, eiiai i?eaaaeeua e nianaiey io
aaaenoaee, e?iia aaeeinoaaiiiai: noaoue eae iiaeii eo/oa e eae iiaeii
?acoiiaa. Aaaeue aeooa ia oiineo n niaith a Aeae ie/aai, e?iia
ainieoaiey e ia?aca aeecie, e iie-oi, aiai?yo, aeinoaaeytho oia?oaio
eeai iaioeaieioth iieueco, eeai /eiyo iaiii?aaeiue a?aae n naiiai ia/aea
aai iooe a caa?iaiue ie?.”, a eiaiii, iinea nia?oe /aeiaaea aai aeooa
iiae aiaeeoaeuenoaii “aaiey”, aeinoaaoaainy aio ia aeieth aua i?e
aeecie, ioi?aaeyaony ia caa?iaiue noae, a ioooaea – a iaaeeaaeauaa
ianoi. Ii?i/iay aeooa, “aeoaeaeaao iaeia ai any/aneie ioaeaea e
noaniaiee, iiea ia eniieiyony a?aiaia, ii i?ioanoaee eieo iia neeith
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aiaeai?yaony a iaeoaeeua, eaeiai caneoaeeaaao. A aeooe,
eioi?ua i?iaaee naith aeeciue a /enoioa e aicaea?aeaiiinoe, iaoiaeyo e
niooieeia e aiaeaouo n?aaee aiaia, e eaaeaeay iinaeyaony a iiaeiaathuai
ae ianoa.”
3.Eaeea a?aoiaiou i?eaiaeeo Ieaoii, aeieacuaay aannia?oea aeooe?
A oeaio?a o/aiey Ieaoiia noiyo i?iaeaiu i?aanoaaiiinoe. Iie
?acaa?ouaathony ia oiia o/aiey ia eaeayo e einiieiaee. Aieaa oiai,
?aeeaeicii-ieoieiae/aneee oa?aeoa? oeeinioee Ieaoiia ii?aaeaeee e aai
yoe/aneia o/aiea. I?aanoaaiiinoue-aeinoieinoai aeooe, iaoneiaeaiiia aa
aiaeanoaaiiie i?e?iaeie e naycueth n ie?ii eaeae. Iiyoiio yoeea
i?aaeiinueaaony e o/aiea i aeooa. Iu aeaeaee, /oi aeooa (ie?iaay aeooa a
einiina, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua aeooe a oaeao ethaeae) ea?aao ?oeiaiaeyuoth
?ieue a aeaenoaeyo oaea. I?aaeaea anaai, i aa aannia?oee. A “Oaaeiia”
Ieaoii ?acaa?ouaaao nenoaio aeieacaoaeuenoa aannia?oey aeooe.
1. Acaeiiue ia?aoiae i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoae iaoneaaeeaaao aannia?oea aeooe,
iineieueeo anee au nia?oue ia ia?aoiaeeea a aeeciue, eae ia?aoiaeyo
ae?oa a ae?oaa ana i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe, oi ana aeaaii oia?ei au e
aioea?eeanue au nia?oue. ?ac yoiai- iao neaaeoao aeiionoeoue, /oi iinea
nia?oe aeooa ia oie/oiaeaaony, a ia?aoiaeeo a ae?oaia ninoiyiea.
2. Ciaiea – yoi i?eiiieiaiea aeooith oiai. /oi iia aeaeaea aei
?iaeaeaiey. Iineieueeo iu aua aei ?iaeaeaiey eiaee iiiyoey i?ae?aniiai.
aeia?iai. ni?aaaaeeeaiai. nayuaiiiai, iaoaiaoe/aneea iiiyoey, a?iaea
?aaainoaa e o.ae., iinoieueeo iu iiaeai caeeth/eoue i i?aaenouanoaiaaiee
aeooe aei oaea e nouanoaiaaiee aa iinea oaeaniie nia?oe.
3. Anee ioaeaeueiua i?aaeiaou eciaiythony, eae eciaiyaony e /aeiaa/aneia
oaei, oi aeooa anaaaea oiaeaeanoaaiia naaa. aoaeo/e oai naiui aeeaea e
aiaeanoaaiiiio e aa/iiio.
4. Aeooa – iiaeeeiiay i?e/eia aauae. Neaaeiaaoaeueii. iia – iiiyoea eee
niune, eaeay eee aeeciue oaea. Ii aoaeo/e aeeciueth oaea, iia ia
niaianoeia n aai nia?oueth, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia caaeaaaaony oaeaniie
nia?oueth, aoaeo/e aannia?oiie.
Eiia/ii “aeieacaoaeuenoaa” Ieaoiia eiae/anee ianinoiyoaeueiu.
1. – Iniiaaii ia niauaiee eiae/aneie aiciiaeiinoe e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Ia?aoiae a i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue eiae/anee aiciiaeai, ii aai ?aaeueiinoue
neaaeoao aua aeieacaoue. Iineaaeiaai aea Ieaoii ia naeaeae. Aieaa oiai,
i?eciaiea Ieaoiiii nioai?aiiinoe ie?a e aeooe – a?aoiaio a iieueco oiai.
/oi ie? eiaao eiiaoe, o.a. aai eiia/iui ninoiyieai aeieaeia auoue oa
naiay nia?oue, eioi?oth ioaa?aaao a naiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa oeeinio.
2. – Iniiaaii ia eiae/aneii e?oaa: i?aaenouanoaiaaiea e iinia?oiia
nouanoaiaaiea auaiaeeony ec ciaiey, ii yoio a?aoiaio iieieony ia
ieoieiae/aneeo i?aaenoaaeaieyo, iniiaaiiuo eneeth/eoaeueii ia aa?a, e
iiyoiio aiana ia yaeyaony ?aoeeiiaeueiui a?aoiaioii.
3.- Oaeaea enoiaeeo ec ieoa, a aianoa n oai ec iaaeieacaiiiai oacena i
naiioiaeaeanoaaiiinoe e iacaiaieiinoe aeooe. E?iia oiai, aoaeo/e
nioai?aiiie, aeooa, ii eiaeea naiiai Ieaoiia, aeieaeia auoue eciai/eaie,
eiia/iie, a iioiio e nia?oiie.
4.- Enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi aaeeie/iia aeieaeii iauyniyoueny /a?ac
iaeioi?oth iauoth i?e/eio – iiiyoea (eaeath) eee niune. Iaeiaei oacen
Ieaoiia ai?acaei “neeueiaa”: iauay i?e/eia ia oieueei eiae/anee, ii e
iioieiae/anee, ?aaeueii i?aaeoanoaoao aaeeie/iiio, /oi ia aeieacaii.
Oaeei ia?acii neaaeoao caeeth/eoue, /oi ai anao aeieacaoaeuenoaao
aannia?oey aieueoa aeaai/anoey, /ai eiaeee, aieueoa aa?u, /ai ciaiey.
4.Eae Ieaoii oa?aeoa?ecoao eaeath?
Eaeae Ieaoii iacuaaao “nouiinoyie”; a?a/aneia neiai nouiinoue (ousia)
ia?aciaaii io aeaaiea “auoue” (eniai) (oae aea, enoaoe, eae e
aiaeiae/iua iiiyoey ?onneiai ycuea “nouanoaiaaoue”, “nouaa”,
“nouiinoue”).
Oaeei ia?acii, iaiaoa?eaeueiua naa?o/oanoaaiiua eaeae, niaeanii Ieaoiio,
ninoaaeytho nouiinoue /oanoaaiiiai ie?a, aeaiiiai iai a iiuoa.
Iniiaa oai?ee eaeae – aeiinoace?iaaiea, o.a. i?aa?auaiea a iainiaeaiioth
e naiinoiyoaeueioth ?aaeueiinoue oao iaueo iiiyoee, eioi?uie iia?e?oao
/aeiaae, e oao a?aiiaoe/aneeo oi?i – ia?aaeeai – eioi?uie iieuecoaony
ii, auneacuaaynue ia iauai. “Iaeaiay” oai?ey eaeae no?ieony ii
i?eioeeio: ioaeaeueiua aaue iinoeaathony n iiiiuueth /oanoa; cia/eo e ,
aeey ?acoiiiai iiciaiey aeieaeiu nouanoaiaaoue iauaeou, nica?oeaaiua
oiii, oi/ii oae aea, eae iu caeanue, ia caiea, aini?eieiaai aaue
/oanoaaie.
Iniiaiie oacen – enoi/iee i?ae?aniiai – “i?ae?aniia eae oaeiaia”.
Ii aa?ai ee nai oacen? Iao! A ie?oaeathueo ian aauao e i?ioeannao
/oanoaaiiiai ie?a ia?ac?uaii naycaii aaeeie/iia, iniaaiiia e anaiauaa, e
eeoue iin?aaenoaii aano?aeoeee iu iiaeai ioaeaeeoue eo ae?oa io ae?oaa.
Iao i?ae?aniiai aac i?ae?aniie aeaaooee, i?ae?aniie eiaueeoeu,
i?ae?aniiai ai?oea, noaooe e o.ae. Ii i?ae?aniia ia naiaeeony ie e
iaeiiio ec yoeo i?aaeiaoia, e ie e iaeiiio iniaiio – cieioo, neiiiaie
einoe e i?i/aio. “ … Ioaeaeueiia ia nouanoaoao eia/a, eae a oie nayce,
eioi?ay aaaeao e iauaio. Iauaa nouanoaoao eeoue a ioaeaeueiii, /a?ac
ioaeaeueiia. Anyeia ioaeaeueiia anoue (oae eee eia/a) iauaa. Anyeia
iauaa anoue( /anoe/ea, eee noi?iia, eee nouiinoue) ioaeaeueiiai. Anyeia
iauaa eeoue i?eaeeceoaeueii ioaaouaaao ana ioaeaeueiua i?aaeiaou. Anyeia
ioaeaeueiia iaiieii aoiaeeo a iauaa e o.ae.” Au?aaiiia ec yoie
aeeaeaeoe/aneie nayce iauaa e noaiiaeony “eaeaae”, nouanoaothuae a
iniaii “oiiii ianoa”.
Iiyoiio e iiciaiea iiaeii iauynieoue, ii Ieaoiio, eeoue aiaeee?oy e
eaeaa eae “anaiauaio”. Ia aeaea aea, iiciaiea oniao?eaaao anaiauaa a
aaeeie/iii e ioaeaeueiii, onoie/eaia a oaeo/ai e ianoaaeeueiii, caeii- a
iiiaiia?acee yaeaiee. Iie naycaiu a /aeiaa/aneii oia n aeayoaeueiinoueth
aano?aae?iaaiey, ioaea/aiey io /anoiiai e iniaaiiiai.
5.Ii/aio iiciaiea anoue i?eiiieiaiea?
O/aiea i oii, /oi eaeae nooue niaoeeoe/aneea iauaeou oniio?aiey oia,
i?aauaathuea a iniaii, cai?aaeaeueiii ie?a, aeaao ioaao ia aii?in i
nouiinoe iiciaiey. Iii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie a eaeaaea, ia /oi eiia eae
nica?oeaiea oiii eaeae a yoii iniaii “oiiii “ ie?a. A yoi iiae?acoiaaaao
aannia?oea aeooe e aa niiniaiinoue, ii aica?auaiee ia caieth a
/aeiaa/aneii oaea, aniiieiaoue oi, /oi iia aeaeaea “oai”. I?aaaea,
Ieaoii ciaao, /oi iiciaiea eae ainiiieiaiea (aiaiianen) ia oae oae
i?inoi. Aeooa ioioii “caauaaao” aeaeaiiia a iioonoi?iiiai ie?a, e aeey
oiai , /oiau “aniiiieoue”, ioaeiu iiaeneacee ciathuaai ioae?aoea, eeai
aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiua eiae/aneea iia?aoeee. Ieaoii auaiaeeo
ooaa?aeaeaiea, /oi “ iineieueeo e a oi a?aiy, eiaaea ii oaea /aeiaae, e
oiaaea, eiaaea ii ei aua ia aue, a iai aeieaeiu aeeoue enoeiiua iiaiey,
eioi?ua, anee eo ?acaoaeeoue aii?inaie, noaiiayony ciaieyie, – ia ana ee
a?aiy aoaeao naaaeouae aai aeooa?.. A anee ii i?eia?ae eo ia a iuiaoiae
aeecie, oi ?acaa ia ynii, /oi iie iiyaeeenue o iaai a eaeea-oi eiua
a?aiaia, eiaaea ii auo/eeny [anaio] ?”(Iaiii, 86a)
Eiia/ii , iu ia niaeaneiny n yoei ooaa?aeaeaieai. Aeaaea naiue
iaaaaeanoaaiiue /aeiaae iaeaaeaao oaie yeaiaioa?iuie ciaieyie e iaaueaie
iuoeaiey, eioi?ua e iicaieeee au aio noi?ioee?iaaoue iaoaiaoe/aneea e
eiua iao/iua iieiaeaiey, iiaeneacuaaaiua iaaiaeyueie aii?inaie o/aiiai
niaanaaeieea. Oaeei ia?acii, ia?aae iaie eneonnoai iaaeaaiaa, n iaeiie
noi?iiu, niiniaiinoe o/aieea eae /aeiaaea ii?aaeaeaiiie eoeueoo?u – n
ae?oaie, ii ieeae ia “ainiiieiaiea”.
6.*oi anoue auoea e ii/aio?
Ieaoii oa?aeoa?ecoao auoea eae aa/iia e iaeciaiiia, iiciaaaaiia eeoue
?acoiii e iaaeinooiiia /oanoaaiiiio aini?eyoeth. Auoea o Ieaoiia
i?aaenoaao eae iiiaeanoaaiiia. Ieaoii ?anniao?eaaao auoea eae
eaeaaeueiia, aanoaeaniia ia?aciaaiea – eaeath, aunooiay oai naiui eae
?iaeiia/aeueiee eaeaaeenoe/aneie eeiee a oeeinioee. Aaaeue, ana /oi
eiaao /anoe, ?annoaeaeaao Ieaoii, eciai/eai e iioiio ia oiaeaeanoaaiiia
naaa, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, – a ieaoiiianeii niunea ia nouanoaotho
(oaeiauie yaeyaony oaei e i?ino?ainoai, a eioi?ii ana oaea
nouanoaotho). Nouanoaoao aea ia oieueei oi, /oi ia eiaao /anoae e,
cia/eo, ia i?eiaaeeaaeeo e /oanoaaiii-i?ino?ainoaaiiiio ie?o
(nouanoaiaaiea o Ieaoiia – oa?aeoa?enoeea i/aiue aaaeiay e
iiae?acoiaaaao aa/iinoue, iaeciaiiinoue, aannia?oea). Ie?
naa?o/oanoaaiiuo, iaeciaiiuo e aa/iuo eaeae, eioi?ue Ieaoii iacuaaao
i?inoi “auoea”, i?ioeainoieo eciai/eaay e ia?aoiaeyuay noa?a /oanoaaiiuo
aauae ( “ie? noaiiaeaiey”) : caeanue ana oieueei noaiiaeony, iai?a?uaii
aicieeaao e oie/oiaeaaony, ii ieeiaaea ia “anoue”. “…Ioaeii
ioa?aoeoueny anae aeooie io anaai noaiiayuaainy: oiaaea niiniaiinoue
/aeiaaea e iiciaieth niiaeao auaea?aeaoue nica?oeaiea auoey…” E?eoeeoy
oao, eoi “i?eciaao oaea e auoea ca iaeii e oi aea” Ieaoii ooaa?aeaeaao,
/oi enoeiiia auoea – “yoi iaeea oiiiinoeaaaiua e aanoaeaniua eaeae”.
7.*oi yaeyaony i?aaeiaoii iaoee aeeaeaeoeee?
Enneaaeiaaiea iiiyoee- “eaeae”- i?eaiaeeo Ieaoiia e ?ac?aaioea
iaoiaeieiaee ?aoeeiiaeueiiai iuoeaiey, iieo/eaoae iacaaiea
“aeeaeaeoeee”, o.a. iii?inoo eiaeee, aeeaeaeoeeo Ieaoii iiieiae aeaiyei.
Ai-ia?auo, aeeaeaeoeeii ii iacuaaao /aeiaaea, eioi?ue “oiaao noaaeoue
aii?inu e aeaaaoue ioaaou”. Ai-aoi?uo aeeaeaeoeea iiieiaaony eae oiaiea
ia?auaoueny n iiiyoeyie, ?acee/ay eo ii aeaeai e aeaeu niaaeeiyy a
?iaeiaua iiiyoey. Yoe aeaa i?ioeaiiieiaeii iai?aaeaiiua eiae/aneea
iia?aoeee e iieo/eee iacaaiea, niioaaonoaaiii, “?acaeaeaiey” e
“niaaeeiaiey”. Ia?aay iaania/eaaao ?acuyniaiea iiiyoey, iicaieyao
auyaeoue aioo?aiiaa /eaiaiea aai niaea?aeaiey e i?aaenoaaeyao,
nianoaaiii, iniiaaiea eeanneoeeaoeee. Aoi?ay – n?aaenoai ainoiaeaeaiey e
“eaeaa”. o.a. ia?aciaaiey iiiyoee. Ii ii?aaeaeaieth Ieaoiia, yoi
“niiniaiinoue, ioaaouaay ana iauei acaeyaeii, aicaiaeeoue e aaeeiie
eaeaa oi, /oi iianthaeo ?ac?iciaiiia, /oiau aeaaay ii?aaeaeaiea
eaaeaeiio, naeaeaoue yniui i?aaeiao iio/aiey.
A yoii niunea aeeaeaeoeea – yoi aeayoaeueiinoue iuoeaiey. Ii Ieaoii
iiieiaao aeeaeaeoeeo e oe?a, aeeth/ay a iaa e?iia iiciaiey e
?annoaeaeaiey oaeaea e aa?o, e oiiaeiaeaiea (aiaeiaeth). Aeaa iineaaeieo
aeaea “aianoa acyoua, ninoaaeytho iiaiea, iaa ia?auo – iaoeo (iiaeeeiiia
ciaiea).
IEAOII (428/427—348/347 aei i. y.)
I. Aeia?aoey
A 428 a. aei i.y. a Aoeiao o A?enoiia e Ia?eeoeiiu ?iaeeeny nui
A?enoiee, aiineaaenoaee Ieaoii. Ieaoii ?in a ciaoiie, noa?eiiie,
oea?neiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey naiuea n i?i/iuie a?enoie?aoe/aneeie
o?aaeeoeeyie, niciathuae enoi?eth Aoei eae enoi?eth naiaai ?iaea.
A 408 a. aei i.y. i?iecioea ano?a/a Nie?aoa e Ieaoiia.
Ca ainaiue eao ae?oaeau Nie?ao aeae Ieaoiio oi, /aai aio ia oaaoaei:
oaa?aeoth aa?o a nouanoaiaaiea enoeiu e aunoeo oeaiiinoae aeecie,
eioi?ua iiciathony /a?ac i?eiauaiea e aeaao e e?anioa o?oaeiui
iooai aioo?aiiaai
naiiniaa?oainoaiaaiey.
A 399 – 389 aa. aei i.y. Ieaoii, oyaeaei ia?aianoee nia?oue
Nie?aoa, iieeaeaao Aoeiu. Ii iaeioi?ui naaaeaieyi, ii iinauaao
Aaaeeii, Anne?eth e Aaeiao. A 387 a. aei i.y.
Ieaoii iinauaao Neoeeeeth, aaea ciaeiieony n oe?aiii
Aeeiieneai Noa?oei. Ii i?eeaco Aeeiieney Ieaoiia, ia
iiaeaeaaoaai euenoeoue oe?aio, i?iaeatho a ?aanoai. Aiieea?eae,
aeeoaeue Yaeiu, ociaa a aioiaii aeey i?iaeaaee iaaieueieea
ecaanoiiai oeeinioa, eoiee aai e iaiaaeeaiii aeae aio naiaiaeo.
Aa?ioaoenue a 387 a. aei i.y. a Aoeiu, Ieaoii eoiee a
aeeaiieniii oaieea ia naaa?i-caiaaeiie ie?aeia ai?iaea, iacuaaaiie
Aeaaeaieae, naae n aeiiii, aaea iniiaae naith ciaiaieooth
oeeinioneoth oeieo. Aeaaeaiey i?inouanoaiaaea aei naiiai eiioea
aioe/iinoe, aei 529 aiaea, eiaaea aecaioeeneee eiia?aoi? THnoeieai
cae?ue aa. A 367 – 353 aa. aei i.y. Ieaoii aeaaaeaeu
iinauaao
Neoeeeeth, iaoiaeyuothny ai aeanoe “i?inaauaiiiai” oe?aia
Aeeiieney Ieaaeoaai.
A 347 a. aei i.y., ii i?aaeaieth, a aeaiue naiaai
?iaeaeaiey, a aeaiue ?iaeaeaiey Aiieeiia oie?aao Ieaoii.
II. Iniiaiua ?aaiou
Iu yaeyainy iaeaaeaoaeyie 23 iiaeeeiiuo aeeaeiaia
Ieaoiia, iaeiie ?a/e iiae iacaaieai “Aiieiaey Nie?aoa”, 22
i?eienuaaaiuo Ieaoiio aeeaeiaia, 13 ienai, iiiaea ec eioi?uo
n/eoathony iiaeeeiiuie.
E ?aiiaio ia?eiaeo, ia/eiay ni nia?oe Nie?aoa e caeai/eaay
ia?aie iiacaeeie Ieaoiia a Neoeeeeth, oi anoue n 399 aiaea aei
389-387 aiaeia aei i.y., ioiinyo: caueoeoaeueioth ?a/ue Nie?aoa ia
noaea, oae iacuaaaioth “Aiieiaeth Nie?aoa”,
“E?eoiia”, “I?ioaai?a”, 1-th eieao “Ainoaea?noaa”, “Eaoaoa”,
“Eeney”, “Ia?iaieaea”.
E ia?aoiaeiiio ia?eiaeo, ioiinyo, iaienaiiua a 80-a aiaeu,
aeeaeiae: “Eii”, “Aeiiee aieueoee”, “Aeiiee iaiueoee”, “Ai?aee”,
“Iaiii”, “E?aoee”, “Aaoeaeai”, “Iaiaenai”.
E c?aeiio ia?eiae oai?/anoaa, oi anoue e 70-60 aiaeai IV aaea
aei i.y., aeeaeiae: “Oaaeii”, “Ie?”, “Oaae?”, “Oayoao”, “Oeiae”,
“E?eoee”, “Ia?iaieae”, “Nioeno”, “Iieeoee”, “Oeeaa”,
“Ainoaea?noai” (2-10 eieae).
Iaeiiaoe e 50-ui aiaeai ioiinyony, iaienaiiua oieueei a /a?iiaii
aeaea e ia?aienaiiua iaaaei iaeiei ec aeeaeaeoeo o/aieeia Ieaoiia,
Oeeeiiii Iioioneei, – “Caeiiu”.
Iniiaiua oeeinioneea i?eioeeiu:
* Eaeay aaue anoue niune aaue.
* Eaeay aaue anoue oaeay oeaeueiinoue anao ioaeaeueiuo /anoae e
i?iyaeaiee aaue, eioi?ay oaea ia aeaeeony ia ioaeaeueiua /anoe
aeaiiie aaue e i?aaenoaaeyao niaith a n?aaiaiee n ieie oaea iiaia
ea/anoai.
* Eaeay aaue anoue oa iauiinoue ninoaaeythueo aa iniaaiiinoae e
aaeeie/iinoe, eioi?ay yaeyaony caeiiii aeey aicieeiiaaiey e iieo/aiey
yoeo aaeeie/iuo i?iyaeaiee aaue.
* Eaeay aaue iaaauanoaaiia.
* Eaeay aaue iaeaaeaao naiei nianoaaiiui e aiieia naiinoiyoaeueiui
nouanoaiaaieai, iia oiaea anoue iniaiai ?iaea eaeaaeueiay aauue,
eee noanoaioeey, eioi?ay a naiai iieiii e niaa?oaiiii aeaea
nouanoaoao oieueei ia iaaa eee auoa iaaa.
Iaeiaei, neeueiie noi?iiie oeeinioee Ieaoiia, aai
iieiaeeoaeueiui aeeaaeii a enoi?eth oeeinioee iaiaa anaai yaeyaony
aai iauaeoeaiue eaeaaeeci eae ie?iaicc?aiea.
Iauaa ia inoaaony o Ieaoiia eeoue i?ioeainoiyuei
aaeeie/iiio, iii iniuneyao anyeoth aaeeie/iinoue e o?aeooao eae
i?eioeei aaeeie/iiai, eae caeii i?iyaeaiey yoiai aaeeie/iiai,
eae iiaeaeue aai iino?iaiey.
Ieaoii nicaeae oai?eth iauaai eae caeiia aeey
aaeeie/iiai, oai?eth iaiaoiaeeiuo e aa/iuo caeiiiia?iinoae i?e?iaeu
e iauanoaa, i?ioeainoiyuoth eo oaeoe/aneiio niaoaieth e neaiie
ia?an/eai?iiinoe, i?ioeainoiyuoth anyeiio aeiiao/iiio iiieiaieth.
Eiaiii yoa noi?iia o/aiey Ieaoiia ia eaeayo a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a
iaoneiaeea aai ouny/aeaoithth cia/eiinoue a enoi?ee /aeiaa/aneie
iunee.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
Aioieiaey ie?iaie oeeinioee Iineaa , 1969a, o 1.
Aiaiiieia A.N. Aioe/iay oeeinioey Iineaa 1985a.
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