11
Ieienoa?noai aunoaai ia?aciaaiey e iaoee ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai
Iaaeiaea?neee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao ei. N.I.Oi?aeau?iaa
Eaoaae?a Anoanoaaiiuo Iaoe
?aoa?ao
ii oeeinioee
Oaia: Iniiau nia?aiaiiie neia?aaoeee
Auiieiee:
sseiaaoe N.A. AOYN-21
I?iaa?ee:
Aoaaee?ia I.H.
a. Iaaeiaea? 2001a.
Aaaaeaiea.
A iineaaeiae /aoaa?oe XX aaea noi?ie?iaaeinue iiaia iai?aaeaiea a
iaoea, iieo/eaoaa iacaaiea neia?aaoeea. Iniiaiiieiaeieeii neia?aaoeee
n/eoaaony i?ioanni? Ooooaa?oneiai oieaa?neoaoa A.Oaeai, naeaeaaoee ia
ia?aie eiioa?aioeee ii neiaeiui nenoaiai a 1973 aiaeo naie aeieeaae,
noaaoee i?ia?aiiiui e i?aaeeiaeeaoee oa?iei aeey iaicia/aiey iiaiai
iai?aaeaiey – neia?aaoeea. Oa?iei caeinoaiaai Oaeaiii ec a?a/aneiai
ycuea e a ia?aaiaea icia/aao niaeaenoaea, nio?oaeie/anoai, niaeaniaaiii
aeaenoaothuee. Ao?aeoaciay iaoea caaiai?eea i neia?aaoeea, eae i
auni/aeoai aeinoeaeaiee iaoee eiioea OO aaea, eioi?ia aeeth/aao a naay
oai?eth naiii?aaiecaoeee e niaieoiiinoue niioaaonoaothueo iaoaiaoe/aneeo
iaoiaeia. Eae aeieacaea nia?aiaiiay iaoea, ia o?iaia oece/aneie,
oeie/aneie, aeieiae/aneie, nioeeaeueiie oi?i i?aaiecaoeee iaoa?ee
iauaeoeaiue ie? ninoieo ec neiaeiuo nenoai. Cia/eoaeueiay eo /anoue –
yoi ioe?uoua ia?aaiiaaniua nenoaiu. Auee ioe?uou e naienoaa oaeeo nenoai
naiino?oeoo?e?iaaoueny, naiii?aaieciauaaoueny, naii?acaeaaoueny e
naiiaini?iecaiaeeoueny.Ieai:
1. *oi oaeia neia?aaoeea?
2. Neia?aaoe/aneay iiaeaeue aeeiaieee iieeoe/aneiai niciaiey
3. Neia?aaoeea e eeaa?iaoeea
4. Neia?aaoeea e iaoiaeieiaey nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee
5. Neia?aaoeea e iiaua iiaeoiaeu e i?ioeanno iao/aiey
6. Neia?aaoeea e ia?aciaaoaeueiua oeaiiinoe
7. Neia?aaoe/aneee aucia eoeueoo?a
8. ?ieue e ianoi neia?aaoeee a nia?aiaiiie iaoea *oi oaeia neia?aaoeea?
Neia?aaoeea – iieiaeia iao/iia iai?aaeaiea, i?aaenoaaeythuaa
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?ioth oieaa?naeueioth oai?eth naiii?aaiecaoeee
i?ioeannia naiie ?acee/iie i?e?iaeu. Aicieeoay ia nouea oeceee, oeiee,
aeieiaee, ano?ioeceee e ae?oaeo anoanoaaiiuo iaoe e aia?aaoay a naay
iauaiao/iua nenoaiiua eaeae, neia?aaoe/aneay iiaeaeue naiii?aaiecaoeee
yaeyaony ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue iaeaieaa iaiauathuae e iaeaieaa
ya?enoe/anee ieiaeioai?iie iauynieoaeueiie iiaeaeueth, iienuaathuae
acaeiiia?aoiaeu ii?yaeea e oaina a yaiethoeee nenoai, a oii /enea e
nioeeaeueiuo.
Neia?aaoeea ?acee/aao aeaa oeia onoie/eainoe (?aaiiaaniinoe) nenoai.
Ia?aue naycai n oa?iiaeeiaie/aneie iaia?aoeiinoueth, eiaaea nenoaia
iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee, aeeceii e ?aaiiaaneth. Ae?oaie oei onoie/eainoe
naycai n yaiethoeeae ?aaeueiuo (iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueony a ie?a)
neiaeiuo nenoai, eioi?ua, aoaeo/e ioe?uouie, aeoeaii eiioaeoe?otho n ia
iaiaa neiaeiui e iai?aaeneacoaiui ie?oaeaieai.
Neia?aaoe/aneay iiaeaeue aeeiaieee iieeoe/aneiai niciaiey.
Iieeoe/aneea, aeooiaiua, yeieiae/aneea e?ecenu – ao?eaoo ia oieueei
iaoaai iauanoaa ia iiai?ioiii iiiaioa enoi?ee. E?ecenu ia?aaeeaatho e
noaaeeueiua, neiaeeaoeany no?aiu Caiaaea. A aeaiiie nayce eioa?anu
iiiaeo enneaaeiaaoaeae ia?auathony e neia?aaoeea. Yoi iiaia
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iia iai?aaeaiea aicieeei a ia/aea 70-o aiaeia. Iaeia ec
aai aeaaiuo caaea/ – iiciaiea iaueo i?eioeeiia, eaaeaueo a iniiaa
i?ioeannia naiii?aaiecaoeee, ?aaeecothueony a nenoaiao naiie ?aciie
i?e?iaeu: oece/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo, oaoie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo.
Neia?aaoe/aneee noeeue iao/iiai iuoeaiey aeeth/aao a naay, n iaeiie
noi?iiu, aa?iyoiinoiia aeaeaiea ie?a, iieo/eaoaa ao?iia ?acaeoea a XIX
aaea. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, neia?aaoeeo iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae
nia?aiaiiue yoai ?acaeoey eeaa?iaoeee e nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee.
Eiioeaioeee e eaeae oai?ee naiii?aaiecaoeee iaoee naia au?aaeaiea a
oaeeo acaeiinaycaiiuo iaeanoyo eae oai?ey aeenneiaoeaiuo no?oeoo?,
oai?ey aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiiai oaina, oai?ey eaoano?io. I?e yoii
neia?aaoeea, ia aoaeo/e aeanoei i?eaioe?iaaiiie niaieoiiinoueth
iaoiaeieiae/aneeo i?eioeeiia e iiiyoee, nei?aa ea?aao ?ieue nenoaiiie
?aoeaenee e enoiaeeo ia ec iaeiicia/iiai iauai?eiyoiai ii?aaeaeaiey
iiiyoey “nenoaia”, a ec i?enouaai ae iaai?a naienoa. N?aaee ieo –
iaeeiaeiinoue, oeaeinoiinoue, onoie/eainoue no?oeoo?u, i?ioeannu aa
noaiiaeaiey e naiii?aaiecaoeee, nenoaiiue “yooaeo neiaeaiey”,
i?eaiaeyuee e oiio, /oi aoiaeyuea a nenoaio yeaiaiou ii?aaeaeythony a
caaeneiinoe io oeaeiai, io eii?aeeiaoeee n ae?oaeie aa yeaiaioaie e
aaaeoo naay niaa?oaiii eia/a, iaaeaee a neo/aa eo iacaaeneiinoe.
Neia?aaoeea e eeaa?iaoeea.
Caaea/o auynieoue n iaueo iiceoeee caeiiiia?iinoe i?ioeannia
naiii?aaiecaoeee e ia?aciaaiey no?oeoo? noaaeo ia?aae niaie ia oieueei
iaoea. Aaaeioth ?ieue a iiieiaiee iiiaeo nouanoaaiiuo iniaaiiinoae yoeo
i?ioeannia nua?ae, iai?eia?, eeaa?iaoe/aneee iiaeoiae,
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaiue eiiaaea eae aano?aae?othueeny “io eiie?aoiuo
iaoa?eaeueiuo oi?i” e iiyoiio i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaiue neia?aaoe/aneiio
iiaeoiaeo, o/eouaathuaai oece/aneea iniiau niiioaiiiai oi?ie?iaaiey
no?oeoo?.
A yoie nayce iaaacuioa?anii ioiaoeoue, /oi nicaeaoaee eeaa?iaoeee e
nia?aiaiiie oai?ee aaoiiaoia iiaoo ii i?aao n/eoaoueny oai?oeaie eee
i?aaeoa/aie iaoee. Oae, Aeia? e ?icaiaetho ?anniio?aee caaea/o i
?aaeeaeueii-ianeiiao?e/iii ?ani?aaeaeaiee eiioeaio?aoeee a noa?a. A.
Oueth?eia a ecaanoiie ?aaioa i?aaeeiaeee iaeio ec iniiaiuo aaciauo
iiaeaeae no?oeoo?iia?aciaaiey e ii?oiaaiaca, ii?iaeeaooth ia?iiioth
eeoa?aoo?o: nenoaio aeaoo o?aaiaiee aeeooocee, aeiiieiaiiuo /eaiaie,
eioi?ua iienuaatho ?aaeoeee iaaeaeo “ii?oiaaiaie”. Oueth?eia iieacae,
/oi a oaeie ?aaeoeeiiii-aeeoooceiiiie nenoaia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue
iaiaeii?iaeiia (ia?eiaee/aneia a i?ino?ainoaa e noaoeeiia?iia ai
a?aiaie) ?ani?aaeaeaiea eiioeaio?aoeee.
A ?onea oao aea eaeae – eco/aiey ?aaeoeeiiii-aeeoooceiiiuo nenoai –
iuneee iaeoe ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu naiii?aaiecaoeee e Aeae. oii Iaeiai. Ii
naeaeaoaeuenoao A. Aa?ena, ainnoaiiaeaoaai ii nio?aieaoeiny a a?oeaa oii
Iaeiaia io?uai/iui caienyi no?oeoo?o naiiaini?iecaiaeyuaainy aaoiiaoa,
oii Iaeiai “i?aaeiieaaae iino?ieoue iai?a?uaioth iiaeaeue
naiiaini?iecaaaeaiey, iniiaaiioth ia iaeeiaeiuo aeeooa?aioeeaeueiuo
o?aaiaieyo a /anoiuo i?iecaiaeiuo, iienuaathueo aeeoooceiiiua i?ioeannu
a aeeaeeinoe. A yoie nayce eioa?anii ioiaoeoue, /oi oii Iaeiai iieo/ee
ia oieueei iaoaiaoe/aneia ia?aciaaiea, ii e iiaeaioiaeo
eiaeaia?a-oeieea.
Neia?aaoeea e iaoiaeieiaey nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee
A ?aieao neia?aaoeee eco/athony yaeaiey ia?aciaaiey oii?yaei/aiiuo
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo no?oeoo?, eee i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiie
naiii?aaiecaoeee, i?ioaeathuea a nenoaiao ?acee/iie i?e?iaeu:
oece/aneeo, oeie/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo, yeieiae/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo. N
nenoaiiie oi/ee c?aiey, neia?aaoeea eco/aao no?oeoo?u ii?aaeaeaiiiai
oeia a oeaeinoiuo ii naiae i?e?iaea nenoaiao iaeioi?iai eeanna. E eiaiii
iaoiaeieiaey nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee niaea?aeeo eino?oiaioa?ee,
iaiaoiaeeiue aeey ?aoeaeneaiiai iniuneaiey enoiaeiuo iinueie
neia?aaoeee, i?aaenoaaeaiee i aa i?aaeiaoa, oeaeyo e i?iaeoeoa, a
oaeaea, aiciiaeii, e aeey au?aaioee aaeaeaaoiiai yoei i?aaenoaaeaieyi
oi?iaeueiiai aiia?aoa. Aiai?y i iaoiaeieiaee, iu eiaai a aeaeo i?aaeaea
anaai oaeea eeanne/aneea nenoaiiua i?iaeaiu, eae acaeiinaycue nenoaiu e
aiaoiae n?aaeu, eeanneoeeaoeey nenoai e oeiieiaecaoeey no?oeoo?,
oeaeinoiinoue. Aiai?y i i?iaeaia acaeiinayce nenoaiu e aiaoiae n?aaeu,
iu eiaai a aeaeo i?aaeaea anaai auaeaeaiea nenoaiu, i?iaaaeaiea a?aieoeu
iaaeaeo nenoaiie e aiaoiae n?aaeie, aicaeaenoaea aiaoiae n?aaeu ia
nenoaio. Aeey ei??aeoiiai auaeaeaiey nenoaiu, ?acee/aiey nenoaiu e
aiaoiae n?aaeu iaiaoiaeeii enoiaeeoue ec oiai ianoiyoaeuenoaa, /oi
anyeay nenoaia, ?anniao?eaaaiay eae oai?aoe/aneee iauaeo, neoaeeo
?aoaieth ii?aaeaeaiiie oai?aoe/aneie caaea/e. Eiie?aoiie caaea/ae
yaeyaony enneaaeiaaiea oneiaee e i?e/ei i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiie
naiii?aaiecaoeee, e ec iaa iaiaoiaeeii enoiaeeoue i?e auaeaeaiee
nenoaiu. Caeanue, iaeiaei, iaaethaeaaony ia?aaeien noaiaea?oiiai aeey
nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee oeia: aeey oiai /oiau ei??aeoii auaeaeeoue
naiii?aaiecothuoth nenoaio, iu aeieaeiu ciaoue oneiaey e i?e/eiu
naiii?aaiecaoeee; aeey oiai aea, /oiau iiiyoue yoe oneiaey e i?e/eiu, iu
aeieaeiu auaeaeeoue naiii?aaiecothuothny nenoaio eae iaiaoiaeeiue iiiaio
eo oai?aoe/aneiai eco/aiey. Iu a ea/anoaa enoiaeiiai nenoaiiiai
i?aaenoaaeaiey aicueiai i?aaenoaaeaiea ia ioe?uoie nenoaia, ainoiaeyuaa
e Aa?oaeaioe. Iau/ii iieaaaaony, /oi ioe?uoay nenoaia ioaeaeaia
ioaiaoiae n?aaeu a?aieoeae, eioi?oth ia?anaeatho iioiee iaiaia
(yia?aeae,aauanoaii, eioi?iaoeeae).
Neia?aaoeea e iiaua iiaeoiaeu e i?ioeanno iao/aiey.
Iiaia iai?aaeaiea iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee – neia?aaoeea – eiaao iniaue
noaoon. Iia iaaeaeenoeeieeia?ia, eai i?eaioe?iaaia ia oi, /oiau auyaeoue
caeiiu naiii?aaiecaoeee e eiyaiethoeee neiaeiuo nenoai ethaie i?e?iaeu,
iacaaeneii io eiie?aoiie i?e?iaeu ninoaaeythueo eo yeaiaioia. Yoei
ii?aaeaeyaony i?aaeaea anaai niaoeeoe/aneay ?ieue neia?aaoeee a nenoaia
ia?aciaaiey. Neia?aaoe/aneea enneaaeiaaoaeueneea i?ia?aiiu a iineaaeiaa
a?aiy auoiaeyo aeaeaei ca i?aaeaeu anoanoaaiiiiao/iiai ciaiey, oao
iaeanoae iaoaiaoe/aneie oeceee, oeceee eaca?ia, oeceee ieaciu e
oece/aneie oeiee, a eioi?uo auee ?ac?aaioaiu aaciaua neia?aaoe/aneea
iiaeaee. Neia?aaoeea ieiaeioai?ii i?eiaiyaony e enneaaeiaaieth /aeiaaea,
/aeiaa/aneie eoeueoo?u e iauanoaa, a oaeeo iaeanoyo eae iae?iaeieiaey e
iae?ieiioiieiaey, eiaieoeaiay ineoieiaey e ineoieiaey aini?eyoey,
ineoeao?ey e ineoioa?aiey, ?acee/iua iaeanoe iaaeeoeeiu, yeiiiieea e
nioeeieiaey, iaoeiaaaeaiea e eoeueoo?ieiaey.
Ia?yaeo n oa?ieiii “Iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iinoue” aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee iiaie
oai?ee naiii?aaiecaoeee e neiaeiinoe eniieuecothony oaeaea oa?ieiu
“o?ainaeenoeeieeia?iinoue” e “ioeueoeaeenoeeieeia?iinoue”. Yoe iiiyoey
aeecee ae?oa e ae?oao, oioy e eiatho iaeioi?ua ioee/ey.
“O?ainaeenoeeieeia?iinoue” oa?aeoa?ecoao oaeea enneaaeiaaiey, eioi?ua
eaeoo “/a?ac” e “neaicue” ?acee/iua aeenoeeieeiu e auoiaeyo “ca
i?aaeaeu” eiie?aoiuo aeenoeeieei. Oi anoue enneaaeiaaiey auoiaeyo ia
aieaa aunieee o?iaaiue, iaeee iaoa-o?iaaiue, eioi?ue iacaaenei io oie
eee eiie eiie?aoiie aeenoeeieeiu. Yoio oa?iei eniieuecoaony aeaaiui
ia?acii o?aioeocneeie iao/iuie oeaio?aie ii enneaaeiaaieth neiaeiuo
nenoai. “Iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iinoue” aea icia/aao i?aaeaea anaai ia?aiin
iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey e eniieuecoaiuo iiaeaeae ec iaeiie iao/iie
aeenoeeieeiu a ae?oaoth. A “ioeueoeaeenoeeieeia?iinoue” yaeyaony
oa?aeoa?enoeeie oaeiai enneaaeiaaiey, eiaaea i?aaeiao eco/aaony
iaeiia?aiaiii ianeieueeeie iao/iuie aeenoeeieeiaie. Aiciiaeii,
oeaeaniia?aciaa ai-ai?eoue i “o?ainaeenoeeieeia?iuo no?aoaaeyo” e
“iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iuo enneaaeiaaieyo”, eai “o?ainaeenoeeieeia?iinoue”
icia/aao ioi?aaiua ioieou iieneiaie ?aaiou e iai?aaeaiiinoue
enneaaeiaaiee, oiaaea eae “iaaeeenoeeieeia?iinoue” iieacuaaao iniiaiia
niaea?aeaiea enneaaeiaaiey.
Aeaaiaea?y naiae iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iinoe neia?aaoeea aaaeao e iiaiio
eiino?oeoeaiiio aeeaeiao iaaeaeo niaoeeaeenoaie a ?acee/iuo iao/iuo
aeenoeeieeiao. Neia?aaoeea aeaeaao oaae a iai?aaeaiee neioaca
anoanoaaiii iao/iuo e aoiaieoa?iuo iaoe.
Neia?aaoeea e ia?aciaaoaeueiua oeaiiinoe.
Oeeinioey, “aienuaay” ioe?uoey iaoee a “oaei eoeueoo?u”, ?anoe?yao
i?iaeaiiia e i?aaeiaoiia iiea /aeiaaea. Yoi ioiineony e e
acaeiiioiioaieth oeeinioee e iiaie eiioeaioeee naiii?aaiecaoeee,
eioi?oth ?aciua aaoi?u iacuaatho iaeie – neia?aaoeeie, ae?oaea –
eiioeaioeeae aeenneiaoeaiuo no?oeoo?, o?aouee – oai?eae eaoano?io.
Oeeinioey, oaaaeay naay e iany ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aoaeouaa, ia iiaeao
iicaieeoue ie niiaenoneia oeeinionoaiaaiea aac o/aoa aeinoeaeaiee iaoee,
ie naaaeaiea naiae ooieoeee e ?iee eiiiaioe?iaaiey iniiaiuo aeinoeaeaiee
iao/iiai ciaiey.
I?e yoii ?ieue oeeinioee ii ioiioaieth e ooiaeaiaioaeueiui aeinoeaeaieyi
iaoee caaeneo io oiai, ia eaeii yoaia ?acaeoey iaoee iaoiaeeony
iniuneeaaaiay ath iiaay iao/iay oai?ey, eai, eae iaeiaaeaeu caiaoee
A.Oiiaiaaoy? iao/iay enoeia a naiai ?acaeoee i?ioiaeeo /a?ac oacu. A
ia?aie oaca iia i?inoi ioaa?aaaony eae aano?ae. Ai aoi?ie oaca iia
i?eieiaaony eae aiciiaeiay aeiioaca, eioi?ay auea auneacaia oaea aeaaii.
Ia o?aoueae noaaeee yoo iao/ioth enoeio aini?eieiatho oaea eae
i/aaeaeioth.
I?eioeeieaeueii aaaeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi neia?aaoeeo eee iiaoth
eiioeaioeeth naiii?aaiecaoeee, iaeuecy ioianoe ie e anoanoaaiiui, ie e
iauanoaaiiui, ie e aoiaieoa?iui iaoeai a eo o?aaeeoeeiiiii niunea. Yoi
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iia iai?aaeaiea enneaaeiaaiey ia?aciaaiey
oii?yaei/aiiuo no?oeoo? ec oaina. Ii iiaieth TH.E.Eeeiiioiae/a,
neia?aaoeea – yoi ia iiaay iaoea, ii iiaia iauaaeeiythuaa iai?aaeaiea a
iaoea. Oeaeue neia?aaoeee – auyaeaiea iaueo eaeae, iaueo iaoiaeia e
iaueo caeiiiia?iinoae a naiuo ?aciuo iaeanoyo anoanoaiciaiey e
nioeeieiaee.
Neia?aaoe/aneee aucia eoeueoo?a.
Neia?aaoeea, eiay ia?aiia/aeueii anoanoaaiiiiao/ioth iniiao (iaeeiaeiue
aiaeec, oai?eth aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiiai oaina, oai?eth aeenneiaoeaiuo
no?oeoo?, o?aeoaeueioth aaiiao?eth i?e?iaeu, iiaeaee?iaaiea auno?uo
i?ioeannia blow up), iuia ana aieaa aoiaieoa?ece?oaony. Iia iinoaiaiii
noaiiaeony /aeiaaeiia?iie iaeanoueth ciaiey. Iaia?oaeeaaaony
ieiaeioai?iinoue aa i?eiaiaiey a iiieiaiee oaiiiaia /aeiaaea e
/aeiaa/aneie eoeueoo?u, a ?acaaaeuaaiee oaei /aeiaa/aneiai niciaiey e
ineoeee.
Aeaaiaea?y iaaeaaiei ?acoeueoaoai a iaeanoe neia?aaoeee (eee oai?ee
naiii?aaiecaoeee) ia/eiatho onoaiaaeeaaoueny aioo?aiiea nayce iaaeaeo
anoanoaaiiuie e aoiaieoa?iuie iaoeaie, ainoi/iui e caiaaeiui
ie?iaini?eyoeyie, iiaie iaoeie (iaoeie i neiaeiinoe, iaeeiaeiinoe e
oaina) e noa?ie eoeueoo?ie, iaoeie e eneonnoaii, iaoeie e oeeinioeae.
Neia?aaoeea eiaao eioaa?aoeaioth eee neioaoe/aneoth oeaiiinoue.
Nouanoaotho aeinoaoi/ii aaneea iniiaaiey iieaaaoue, /oi neia?aaoeea
iiaeao neoaeeoue iniiaie aeey iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai neioaca ciaiey.
Neia?aaoeea iaaeaeenoeeieeia?ia ii naiae nianoaaiiie i?e?iaea,
iineieueeo iia i?eaioe?iaaia ia iiene oieaa?naeueiuo iaooa?iia
yaiethoeee e naiii?aaiecaoeee ioe?uouo iaeeiaeiuo nenoai ethaiai ?iaea,
iacaaeneii io eiie?aoiie i?e?iaeu eo yeaiaioia eee iiaenenoai. Iiiyoey
naiii?aaiecaoeee, oaina e ii?yaeea, iaeeiaeiinoe ia/eiatho oe?iei
eniieueciaaoueny eae a anoanoaaiiuo, oae e a aoiaieoa?iuo iaoeao. Oai?ey
naiii?aaiecaoeee aeoeaii ?ac?aaaouaaaony a ianoiyuaa a?aiy a ?acee/iuo
no?aiao a ?yaea iao/iuo oeie a naiuo ?aciiia?aciuo aniaeoao
(E.I?eaiaeei, A.Oaeai, O.Aa?aea, Y.Eanei, E.Iaeioea?, A.Iaiaeaeuea?io,
Y.Ii?ai e ae?.).
Neia?aaoeea yaeyaony iaeiie ec nia?aiaiiuo enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo
i?ia?aii, i?ia?aiiie iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iuo, eee o?ain aeenoeeieeia?iuo,
enneaaeiaaiee. Noaey ii anaio, eiaiii yoa iaeanoue ciaiey eieoeee?oao
aeoaieea eciaiaiey a iaoiaeieiae/aneeo iniiaaieyo nia?aiaiiie iaoee, a
oeeinioneii acaeyaea ia ie?, a naiii noeea iao/iiai iuoeaiey. Naaiaeiy
oi?ie?oaony iaeee iiaue iao?aaeeoeeiiiue acaeyae ia ie? –
neia?aaoe/aneia aeaeaiea ie?a.
?ieue e ianoi neia?aaoeee a nia?aiaiiie iaoea.
A iineaaeiea aiaeu iaaethaeaaony no?aieoaeueiue e ao?iue ?ino eioa?ana
e neia?aaoeea. Ecaeathony nieeaeiua iiiia?aoee, o/aaieee, auoiaeyo nioie
noaoae, i?iaiaeyony iaoeeiiaeueiua e iaaeaeoia?iaeiua eiioa?aioeee. Eae
neaaenoaea yoiai i?ioeanna ?anoao /enei neiaini/aoaiee,
eniieuecothueo noaaoee iiaeiui oa?iei a naiuo iaiaeeaeaiiuo e
ia?aaeienaeueiuo eiioaenoao: neia?aaoe/aneay ia?aaeeaia, neia?aaoe/aneee
iiaeoiae e i?iaeaiai iaoeeiiaeueiie aaciianiinoe, neia?aaoe/aneea ia/aea
ia?aciaaiey e o.ae.
Noieue oe?ieay iiioey?iinoue, “iiaeoaa/aiiinoue”, iaeiiai ec
iai?aaeaiee nia?aiaiiiai oi/iiai anoanoaiciaiey ?aaeoao, ii aianoa n oai
ia iiaeao ia ianoi?aaeeaaoue, eai oiio?aaeaiea oa?ieia anoa, aac
aeieaeiiai iiieiaiey niaoeeoeee iai?aaeaiey, iiae/an a iieiii io?uaa io
ia?aiia/aeueiiai cia/aiey oa?ieia “neia?aaoeea”, a oi e i?inoi eae
aeaiue iiaeiiio oaea/aieth, ei?i/a, /?acia?ii yenoaineaiue ?ino
neia?aaoe/aneiai iai?aaeaiey oaeo a naaa iianiinoue nei?ie
aeene?aaeeoaoeee e (eae neaaenoaea) auno?iai, oioy e iacaneoaeaiiiai,
caaaaiey.
Eiaiii iiyoiio i?aaenoaaeyaony aaaeiui aa?iooueny e enoieai neia?aaoeee
e auynieoue, eaeie niune ia?aiia/aeueii aeeaaeuaae (e i?iaeieaeaao
aeeaaeuaaoue) nicaeaoaeue neia?aaoe/aneiai iai?aaeaiey e ecia?aoaoaeue
oa?ieia “neia?aaoeea” i?ioanni? Oooaaaa?oneiai oieaa?neoaoa e aee?aeoi?
Einoeoooa oai?aoe/aneie oeceee e neia?aaoeee Aa?iai Oaeai.
Ii Oaeaio, neia?aaoeea caieiaaony eco/aieai nenoai, ninoiyueo ec
aieueoiai (i/aiue aieueoiai, “ia?iiiiai”) /enea /anoae, eiiiiiaio eee
iiaenenoai, iaeiei neiaii, aeaoaeae, neiaeiui ia?acii
acaeiiaeaenoaothueo iaaeaeo niaie. Neiai “neia?aaoeea” e icia/aao
“niaianoiia aeaenoaea”, iiae/a?eeaay niaeaniaaiiinoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey /anoae, io?aaeathuothny a iiaaaeaiee nenoaiu eae
oeaeiai.
Iiyaeaiea iiaiai iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai iai?aaeaiey ano?aoeei, eae
i?eiyoi oaia?ue aiai?eoue, iaiaeiicia/iue i?eai ni noi?iiu iao/iiai
niiauanoaa. Aeaaaou iaaeaeo i?eaa?aeaioeaie neia?aaoeee e aa
i?ioeaieeaie ii iaeaeo no?anoae iaiiieiaee ia/aeueii ciaiaieooth nanneth
AANOIEE eee nia?aiey, ia eioi?uo ?aciaea/aee e inoaeaeaee ao?aeoacioth
eaeaiaoeo eeaa?iaoeeo. Oaeaia iaaeiyee a /anoiethaeauo caiuneao, a
oiuoeaiiii aaaaeaiee eaaeiaa?iuo a caaeoaeaeaiea.
Ooaa?aeaeaeinue, aoaeoi e?iia iacaaiey (o eioi?iai, eae auei neacaii
auoa, oaeaea eiaeenue i?aaeoanoaaiieee), neia?aaoeea iai?i/ue eeoaia
yeaiaioia Iiaeciu.
Iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeieacuaaoue iieaciinoue neia?aaoe/aneiai iiaeoiaea
eee ianoaeaaoue ia iai?aiaiiii eniieueciaaiee iacaaiey “neia?aaoeea”
anaie, /uee aeinoeaeaiey, oaeouea ?acoeueoaou eee iaoiaeu noi?iiieee
neia?aaoeee neeiiiu n/eoaoue neia?aaoe/aneeie. ssaeaiey
naiii?aaiecaoeee, eceo/aiea neiaeiinoe, aiaaonoai ?aaeeiia,
ii?iaeaeaaiuo iaiaycaoaeueii neiaeiuie nenoaiaie, inoaaeytho i?inoi?
aeey anao aeaeathueo. Eaaeaeue iiaeao iaeoe naith ?aai/oth ieiuaaeeo e
niieieii o?oaeeoueny a ia?o aeaeaiey, nee e aiciiaeiinoae. Iaeiaei
iaeuecy ia ioiaoeoue, /oi ia?aiin neia?aaoe/aneeo iaoiaeia ec iaeanoe
oi/iiai anoanoaiciaiey a iaeanoe, o?aaeeoeeiiii n/eoaaoeany
aac?acaeaeueiuie aeaaeaieyie aeaeaeeo io iaoaiaoeee aoiaieoa?eaa,
ane?uee iaeei ec iaeaieaa ieiaeioai?iuo aniaeoia neia?aaoeee e
nouanoaaiii oaeoaeee iaoa iiieiaiea aa.
Neia?aaoeea n aa noaoonii iaoaiaoee ecia/aeueii auea i?ecaaia nua?aoue
?ieue eiiioieeaoi?a, iicaieythuaai ioeaieoue noaiaiue iauiinoe
?acoeueoaoia, iiaeaeae e iaoiaeia ioaeaeueiuo iaoe, eo iieaciinoue aeey
ae?oaeo iaoe e ia?aaanoe aeeaeaeo eiie?aoiie iaoee ia aunieoth eaouiue
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai iauaiey. Iieiaeaiea iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai
iai?aaeaiey iaoneiaeei aua iaeio aaaeioth iniaaiiinoue neia?aaoeee – aa
ioe?uoinoue, aioiaiinoue e aeeaeiao ia i?aaao iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
o/anoieea eee iai?eoycaoaeueiiai iin?aaeieea, aeaeyuaai naith caaea/o ai
anaie?iii iaania/aiee acaeiiiiieiaiey iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie aeeaeiaa.
Caeeth/aiea.
Neia?aaoeea, iacaaeneii io aa aoaeouaai, oaea i?eaaea e ?anoe?aieth
iaoeo ciaiee i ie?a e aeaaea iaoeo iaciaiee. Aaaeue eiaao niune
?acee/aoue ia oieueei ?aciua oeiu ciaiey, ii e ?aciua oeiu iaciaiey.
Iaeii aeaei, eiaaea iu ia ciaai, /oi /aai-oi ia ciaai, e nianai ae?oaia,
eiaaea iu ciaai, /oi /aai-oi ia ciaai. Ia?aia ia aieioao ian, /aeiaae e
iauanoai aini?eieiatho iiaeiaiia iaciaiea eae aeieaeiia, oiaaea eae
aoi?ie oei iaciaiey iiaeeecoao enneaaeiaaoaeae ia iienee i?e/ei oiai,
/oi iu ia ciaai. Iiyoiio i?ioeann aeaeaeaiey iunee e enoeia ia noieue
i?ino, eae iu iaaeaaii iieaaaee, aeoiay, /oi enneaaeiaaiea – nooue
aeaeaeaiey io iaciaiey /a?ac aeiioaco e ciaieth. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
aeaeaeaiea e enoeia i?aaeiieaaaao iniciaiea iaciaiey /aai-oi, iinea
eioi?iai iaciaiea noaiiaeony iauaeoii eco/aiey.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u:
1. A?iieueae A.E. Oai?ey eaoano?io. I., 1990.
2. Ioi O. Oaioe/aneea eieaaaiey /Ia?. n aiae. I.,1990.
3. Iaenoaeia I.I. Caeiiiia?iinoe aeeiaieee ineoe/aneeo yaeaiee.
4. Iao?aiei A.O. Aaaaeaiea a yenia?eiaioaeueioth ineoinaiaioeeo.
5. ?oaeiooaei N.E. Iniiau iauae ineoieiaee. I., 1946.
6. Oaeai A. Neia?aaoeea /ia?. n aiae. I.,1985.
7. Oonoa? A. Aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiue oain /ia?. n aiae. I., 1988.
8. Yeaai I., Aeieea? ?. Ea?a aeeciue. I.: Iaoea, 1979, n. 53.
9. Iienaaa I.I. *aeiaae. N?aaea. Iauanoai. I., 1982.
10. Naaeianeee A.I. Iniiaaiey iauae oai?ee nenoai. I., 1974.
11. Ieeieaa A., Naiii?aaiecaoeey a ia?aaiiaaniuo nenoaiao. I.: 1979.
12. Iaeiai Ae. Oai?ey naiiaini?iecaiaeyueony aaoiiaoia. I.: 1971.
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