*aeiaae, iiiaia ciay, oiay, ou ana aea iiiai ia ciaaoue, e aeeoue,
aeaenoaiaaoue ia a?aieoea ciaiey e iaciaiey oaaa noaeaeaii anaaaea,
aoaeue aea inoi?iaeai.
Eaio
Auniei oeaiy iaoeo e neeo oeeinioneiai ?acoia, Eaio ana aea i?eoae e
auaiaeo i nouanoaiaaiee a?aieoeu iiciaiey.
A /ai aea oiaaea oniao?eaaaony aunoay oeaeue, aeaaiue niune oeeinioneeo
eneaiee. Eaio ienae: “Anee nouanoaoao iaoea, aeaenoaeoaeueii ioaeiay
/aeiaaeo, oi yoi oa, eioi?ay o/eo eiaiii iiaeaaeythuei ia?acii caiyoue
oeacaiiia /aeiaaeo ianoi a ie?a
– e ec eioi?ie iiaeii iao/eoueny oiio, eaeei iaaei auoue, /oiau auoue
/aeiaaeii.”
Eoae, naiie aunieie oeaiiinoueth e aunoae oeaeueth Eaio i?iaicaeanee
/aeiaaea, /aeiaa/aneia n/anouea (aeaai, aeaaeainoai), aeinoieinoai,
aunieee i?aanoaaiiue aeiea.
Ia niciaiea ethaeae ii?aaeaeyao eo auoea, a eo iauanoaaiiia auoea
ii?aaeaeyao eo niciaiea.
Enoi?e/aneee iaoa?eaeeci – yoi iaoea ia iauanoaa, eae aaeeiii oeaeii, i
iaeaieaa iaueo caeiiao e aeaenoaothueo neeao aai ?acaeoey. Ii aioo?aiia
naycai n aeeaeaeoe/aneei iaoa?eaeeciii. ?acieoea iaaeaeo aeeaeaeoe/aneei
enoi?e/aneei iaoa?eaeeciii caeeth/aaony ia a i?eioeeiao iiaeoiaea e
yaeaieyi aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, ia a niiniaao eo ?anniio?aiey, a a iauaeoao
enneaaeiaaiey, a oe?ioa ioaaoa ?anniao?eaaaiuo yaeaiee.
Aeeaeaeoe/aneee iaoa?eaeeci anoue iaoea i iaeaieaa iaueo caeiiao
?acaeoey i?e?iaeu, iauanoaa e /aeiaa/aneiai iuoeaiey, o.a. oaeeo
caeiiao, eioi?ua naienoaaiiu eae i?e?iaea, oae e iauanoao, a oaeaea
iuoeaieth.
Enoi?e/aneee iaoa?eaeeci enneaaeoao caeiiu iaiueoae iauiinoe, caeiiu,
eioi?ua aeaenoaotho oieueei a iauanoaa, ii ia aeaenoaotho a i?e?iaea. Ii
eco/aao iaeaieaa iauea caeiiu, a oaeaea aeaeaeouea neeu ?acaeoey
iauanoaa. I?e ?anniio?aiee yaeaiee iauanoaaiiie aeecie, enoi?e/aneee
iaoa?eaeeci o/eouaaao eae iauea /a?ou, naienoaaiiua iauanoao e i?e?iaea,
oae e ?acee/ey, nouanoaothuea iaaeaeo ieie. Iauea caeiiu a oii, /oi
i?e?iaea e iauanoai ninoaaeytho aaeeiue iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuee ie? e
iiae/eiythony iaeiei e oai aea aeeaeaeoe/aneei caeiiai ?acaeoey. Ii
iauanoai ioee/aaony io i?e?iaeu, i?aaenoaaeyy niaie aunooth,
nioeeaeueioth oi?io aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee. A i?e?iaea, anee ioaea/ueny io
aicaeaenoaey ia iaa /aeiaaea, aeaenoaotho neaiua, noeoeeiua neeu; a a
iauanoaa aeaenoaotho ethaee, iaea?aiiua aieae e niciaieai, noaayuea
ia?aae niaie ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee e no?aiyueany e eo inouanoaeaieth. Ii
iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi ethaee aeaenoaotho ii i?iecaieo, ii i?eoioe
nianoaaiiie oaioacee. Enoi?e/aneee iaoa?eaeeci i?eciaao ia?ae/iui
iaoa?eaeenoe/aneia auoea ethaeae, niciaiea n/eoaao aoi?e/iui.
“Ia niciaiea ethaeae ii?aaeaeyao eo auoea, a eo iauanoaaiiia auoea
ii?aaeaeyao eo niciaiea.” Iunee, aeaeaiey, iano?iaiey ethaeae aicieeatho
e aeaeieciaiythony ia aaca eo i?aeoe/aneeo aeeciaiiuo iio?aaiinoae e
caaenyo a eiia/iii n/aoa io noaiaie ?acaeoey eo iaoa?eaeueiiai auoey, io
eo yeiiiie/aneiai iieiaeaiey a iauanoaa.
Nouanoaiaaoue aia iaoaai niciaiey – yoi oa?aeoa?enoeea eaaeaeiai aeaea
iaoa?ee.
Eaoaai?ey iaoa?ee yaeyaony ooiaeaiaioaeueiui oeeinioneei iiiyoeai.
Aeeaeaeoeeie-iaoa?eaeenoe/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea aeae Eaiei: “Iaoa?ey anoue
oeeinioneay eaoaai?ey aeey iaicia/aiey iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe, eioi?ay
aeaia /aeiaaeo a iuouaieyo aai, eioi?ay eiie?oaony, oioia?aoe?oaony,
ioia?aaeaaony iaoeie iuouaieyie, nouanoaoy iacaaeneii io ieo”. A yoii
ii?aaeaeaiee auaeaeaii aeaa iniiaiuo i?eciaea:
Iaoa?ey nouanoaoao iacaaeneii io niciaiey.
Iia eiie?oaony, oioia?aoe?oaony, ioia?aaeaaony iuouaieyie.
1. icia/aao i?eciaiea ia?ae/iinoe iaoa?ee ii ioiioaieth e niciaieth.
2. – i?eciaiea i?eioeeieaeueiie iiciaaaaiinoe iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?.
A yoii ii?aaeaeaiee ionoonoaotho nnueee ia eiie?aoiua naienoaa e aeaeu
iaoa?ee, iao ia?a/eneaiey aa eiie?aoiuo oa?aeoa?enoee (iaeioi?ua
oeeiniou ii?aaeaeytho iaoa?eth eae niaieoiiinoue iaaeaeeiuo aoiiia, ec
eioi?uo iino?iai ie?). Aeaei a oii, /oi ia eaaeaeii yoaia iiciaiey e
i?aeoeee /aeiaae inaaeaaao oieueei iaeioi?ua o?aaiaiou e aniaeou ie?a.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aanniuneaiii ii?aaeaeyoue iaoa?eth /a?ac ia?a/eneaiea
aa ecaanoiuo aeaeia e oi?i, anee aeaeaa aoaeoo ioe?uaaoueny iiaua aeaeu
e oi?iu. Oaeei ia?acii iaaei auaeaeeoue oaeie i?aaeaeueii iauee i?eciae,
eioi?ue oa?aeoa?ecoao ana aeaeu iaoa?ee. Oaeei iauei i?eciaeii yaeyaony
naienoai “auoue iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoueth, nouanoaiaaoue aia iaoaai
niciaiey”.
Aeaeaeaiea aioo?aiia i?enoua iaoa?ee.
Aeaeaeaiea – yoi niinia nouanoaiaaiey iaoa?ee. Auoue – cia/eo auoue a
aeaeaeaiee. Iaoa?eaeeci, iie?aynue ia aeaiiua iaoee, enoiaeeo ec oiai,
/oi aeaeaeaiea, eae e iaoa?ey, ianioai?eii e iaoie/oiaeeii: iii ia
i?eaiineony ec aia, a caeeth/aii a naiie i?e?iaea iaoa?ee. Iaeie oi?iu
aeaeaeaiey i?aa?auathony a ae?oaea. E ie iaeei aeae aeaeaeaiey ia
aa?aony ec ieioeoaea. Iiae aeaeaeaieai iaoa?ee ioaeii iiieiaoue ia
oieueei iaoaie/aneia ia?aiauaiea oae a i?ino?ainoaa, ii e ethaua
acaeiiaeaenoaey, a oaeaea eciaiaiea ninoiyiee iauaeoia, eioi?ua
aucuaathony yoeie acaeiiaeaenoaeyie. Iaoa?ey ia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue aia
aeaeaeaiey. Ana iauaeou nouanoaotho eeoue aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi a ieo
aini?iecaiaeyony ?acee/iua oeiu aeaeaeaiey. I?e eo oie/oiaeaiee iauaeo
i?ae?auaao naia nouanoaiaaiea, ia?aoiaeeo a ae?oaea iauaeou, eioi?ua
oa?aeoa?ecothony ii?aaeaeaiiui iaai?ii oeiia e oi?i aeaeaeaiey.
Yiaaeuen auaeaeee iaoaie/aneoth, oeie/aneoth, aeieiae/aneoth,
nioeeaeueioth oi?iu aeaeaeaiey. A iniiao eeanneoeeaoeee oi?i aeaeaeaiey
Yiaaeuen iieiaeee neaaeothuea i?eioeeiu:
oi?iu aeaeaeaiey niioiineiu n ii?aaeaeaiiui iaoa?eaeueiui o?iaiai
iaoa?ee, o.a. eaaeaeiio o?iaith oaeie i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeia
niioaaonoaiaaoue naiy oi?ia aeaeaeaiey.
iaaeaeo oi?iaie aeaeaeaiey nouanoaoao aaiaoe/aneay naycue, o.a. oi?ia
aeaeaeaiey aicieeaao ia aaca iecoeo oi?i.
aunoea oi?iu aeaeaeaiey ea/anoaaiii niaoeeoe/iu e ianaiaeeiu e iecoei
oi?iai.
I?ino?ainoai au?aaeaao ii?yaeie ?aniieiaeaiey iaeiia?aiaiii
ninouanoaothueo iauaeoia. A?aiy aea – iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
nouanoaiaaiey niaiythueo ae?oa ae?oaa yaeaiee.
I?ino?ainoai – iii anoue oi?ia auoey iaoa?ee, oa?aeoa?ecoaiay oaeeie
naienoaaie, i?ioyaeaiiinoue, no?oeoo?iinoue, ninouanoaiaaiea e
acaeiiaeaenoaea. Iiiyoea a?aiaie aicieeaao eae ec n?aaiaiey ?acee/iuo
ninoiyiee iaeiiai e oiai aea iauaeoa, eioi?ue a ?acoeueoaoa
aeeeoaeueiinoe naiaai nouanoaiaaiey iaecaaaeii iaiyao naie naienoaa, oae
e ec oaeoa niaiythuaeny iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe ?acee/iuo iauaeoia a iaeiii
e oii aea ianoa.
A?aiy – anoue oi?ia auoey iaoa?ee, oa?aeoa?ecoaiay oaeeie naienoaaie
eciaiaiey e ?acaeoey nenoai, eae aeeeoaeueiinoue, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
niaiu ninoiyiee.
Iiiyoey i?ino?ainoaa e a?aiaie niioiineoaeueiu: a iiiyoee i?ino?ainoaa
io?aaeaaony eii?aeeiaoeey ?acee/iuo i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo ae?oa ae?oao
iauaeoia a iaeei e oio aea iiiaio a?aiaie; a a iieiaeaiee a?aiaie
io?aaeathony eii?aeeiaoeey niaiythueo ae?oa ae?oaa iauaeoia a iaeiii e
oii aea ianoa i?ino?ainoaa.
I?e oaaee/aiee ioiineoaeueiie nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey nenoaiu ion/aoa
i?ino?ainoaaiiua eioa?aaeu nie?auathony, a
a?aiaiiua ?anoyaeaathony.
Niaoeeaeueiay oai?ey ioiineoaeueiinoe, iino?iaiea eioi?ie auei caaa?oaii
Yeiooaeiii a 1905 aiaeo, aeieacaea, /oi a ?aaeueiii oece/aneii ie?a
i?ino?ainoaaiiua e a?aiaiiua eioa?aaeu iaiythony i?e ia?aoiaea io iaeiie
nenoaiu ion/aoa e ae?oaie.
Nenoaia ion/aoa a oeceea – yoi ia?ac ?aaeueiie oece/aneie eaai?aoi?ee,
niaaaeaiiie /anaie e eeiaeeaie, o.a. eino?oiaioa?eai, n iiiiuueth
eioi?iai iiaeii ecia?youe i?ino?ainoaaiiua e a?aiaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
oae. Noa?ay oeceea n/eoaea, /oi anee nenoaiu ion/aoa aeaeaeoony
?aaiiia?ii e i?yiieeiaeii ioiineoaeueii ae?oa ae?oaa, oi
i?ino?ainoaaiiua eioa?aaeu (?annoiyiey iaaeaeo aeaoiy oi/eaie), e
a?aiaiiua eioa?aaeu (aeeeoaeueiinoue iaaeaeo aeaoiy niauoeyie) ia
iaiythony.
Oai?ey ioiineoaeueiinoe yoe i?aaenoaaeaiey ioaa?aea, o.a. iieacaea eo
ia?aie/aiioth i?eiaieiinoue. Eiaaea nei?inoe aeiaieueii iaeu ii
ioiioaieth e nei?inoe naaoa, iiaeii i?eaeeceoaeueii n/eoaoue, /oi
?acia?u oae e oiae a?aiaie inoathony iaeieie e oaie aea, ii eiaaea ?a/e
eaeao i aeaeaeaieyo ni nei?inoyie, aeeceeie e nei?inoe naaoa, oi
eciaiaiea i?ino?ainoaaiiuo e a?aiaiiuo eioa?aaeia noaiiaeony caiaoiaa.
I?e oaaee/aiee ioiineoaeueiie nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey nenoaiu ion/aoa
i?ino?ainoaaiiua eioa?aaeu nie?auathony, a a?aiaiiua ?anoyaeaathony.
Aua oai?ey ioiineoaeueiinoe iieacaea, /oi a i?e?iaea nouanoaoao aaeeiia
i?ino?ainoai-aa?iy, a ioaeaeueii i?ino?ainoai e ioaeaeueii a?aiy
aunooiatho eae aai naiaia?aciua i?iaeoeee, ia eioi?ua iii ii ?aciiio
?anuaieyaony a caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a aeaeaeaiey oae.
Aei nicaeaiey oai?ee ioiineoaeueiinoe n/eoaeinue, /oi iauaeoeaiinoue
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiiai iienaiey aa?aioe?oaony oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea
i?e ia?aoiaea io iaeiie nenoaiu ion/aoa e ae?oaie nio?aiythony
ioaeaeueii i?ino?ainoaaiiua e ioaeaeueii a?aiaiiua eioa?aaeu. Oai?ey
ioiineoaeueiinoe iaiaueea yoe iieiaeaiey. A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a
aeaeaeaiey nenoai ion/aoa ae?oa ioiineoaeueii ae?oaa i?ienoiaeyo
?acee/iua ?anuaieaiey aaeeiiai i?ino?ainoaa-a?aiaie ii ioaeaeueii
i?ino?ainoaaiiue e ioaeaeueii a?aiaiiie eioa?aaeu, ii i?ienoiaeyo oae,
/oi eciaiaiea iaeiiai eae au eiiiaine?oao eciaiaiea ae?oaiai.
x
t
x2t2
x1t1
t`
x`
t’ iaiythony, ii i?e yoii nio?aiyony i?ino?ainoaaiii a?aiaiiie
eioa?aae.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?ino?ainoaaiii a?aiaiiie eioa?aae anaaaea
nio?aiyaony. I?ino?ainoaaiiua e a?aiaiiua naienoaa iauaeoia ii?iciue
ieacuaathony eciai/eauie, ii i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiua eioa?aaeu
inoathony iinoiyiiuie. Oai naiui niaoeeaeueiay oai?ey ioiineoaeueiinoe
?ane?uea aioo?aiithth naycue iaaeaeo niaie i?ino?ainoaa e a?aiaie eae
oi?i auoey iaoa?ee. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, o.e. naii eciaiaiea
i?ino?ainoaaiiuo e a?aiaiiuo eioa?aaeia caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a aeaeaeaiey
oaea, oi auynieeinue, /oi i?ino?ainoai e a?aiy ii?aaeaeythony
ninoiyieyie aeaeaeouaeny iaoa?ee. Iie oaeiau, eaeiai aeaeaeaiea iaoa?ee.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, oioy i?ino?ainoai e a?aiy iauaeoeaiu, eo naienoaa
caaenyo io oa?aeoa?a aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee, naycaiu n aeaeaeouaeny
iaoa?eae.
t
x2t2
x1t1
I?eia? nio?aiaiey i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiiai eioa?aaea
t`
x`
t
x x
t’ iaiythony, ii i?e yoii nio?aiyony i?ino?ainoaaiii a?aiaiiie
eioa?aae.
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