3
Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey e iaoee ?anioaeeee Aaea?onue
Aaei?onneee ainoaea?noaaiiue yeiiiie/aneee oieaa?neoao
Eaoaae?a oeeinioee
Oaia: “OEEINIONEI-IAOIAeIEIAE*ANEEA ANIAEOU NENOAIIIAI IIAeOIAeA”
Ieine 1999
NIAeA?AEAIEA
no?.
*anoue 1. ?acee/iua iai?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea…………………..3*anoue 2. Iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a
nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea……………………………..16Eeoa?aoo?a…………….
………………………………………………………………
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*ANOUe 1. ?ACEE*IUA IAI?AAEAIEss ?AC?AAIOEE
NENOAIIIAI IIAeOIAeA
?aaeueii a i?ioeanna iao/iiai iiciaiey ia?yaeo ni ciaieyie i i?e?iaea
aauae nouanoaotho ciaiey i i?e?iaea naiiai ciaiey. Ia?aua
eiioeaio?e?otho naia aieiaiea ia eiie?aoiuo naienoaao i?aaeiaoia e
yaeaiee iauaeoeaiiai ie?a. Aoi?ua – ciaiey i ciaieyo – auyaeytho
aeaoa?ieiaiou aeaiiiai aiinaieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna e ioiinyony e
i?iaeaiai onoaiiaeaiey enoeiu, e aiaeeco iauaeoeaiiai e noauaeoeaiiai, e
iaoiaeieiae/aneiio iniauaieth ciaiey, aai oai?aoeei-iiciaaaoaeueiie
oaoiieiaee.
A ia?aie /anoe aeaiiiai ?aoa?aoa naeaeaia iiiuoea ?anniio?aiey
iineaaeiaai ec oeacaiiuo ioieoia oeeinionei-aiinaieiae/aneiai aiaeeca, a
oaeaea aii?inia oaniaeoei ia?acii naycaiiuo n nenoaiiui iiaeoiaeii.
AeAA EIIOeAIOeEE NENOAIIIAI CIAIEss
Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae eiaao iaiaei niaoeeoe/aneeo ?aciiaeaeiinoae. Iaeiaei
?anniao?eaaaiua a oeaeii, ii oa?aeoa?o ninoaaeythuaai eo ciaiey, iie
ia?acotho eae au aeaa aiinaieiae/anee ?acee/iuo iai?aaeaiey. Iaeii ec
ieo naiei iniiaaieai eiaao i?aeiouanoaaiii iauaoai?aoe/aneia ciaiea,
ae?oaia – a iniiaiii niaoeeaeueii-iao/iia e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneia ciaiea.
Aeaiiia ?acee/ea aeaoo iai?aaeaiee ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea
yaeyaony noaoai aiinaieiae/aneei. Iii ia auaeaeyao eaeeo-oi
niaoeeoe/aneeo oi?i, a oieueei oeacuaaao ia iniiaaiey, neoaeauea
oai?aoeei-iiciaaaoaeueiui aacenii ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia nenoaiiiai ciaiey.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue e oi, /oi aeaiiia oe?oiiaiiia aeaeaiea nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea ia aeaa iai?aaeaiey i?e aieaa aeaoaeueiii aiaeeca aeeyiey
?iaeiauo oi?i ciaiey iiaeao auoue aeaeaa aeeooa?aioee?iaaii. Iaeiiaoe,
eniieuecoaiia a aeaiiie ?aaioa (n ecaanoiie aeieae oneiaiinoe)
?acaeaeaiea “iauaoai?aoe/aneiai” e “niaoeeaeueii-iao/iiai” iai?aaeaiee
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea i?eiaiyaony a o?aaeeoeeiiii-oeeinioneii niunea e
neoaeeo eeoue aeey ?acee/aiey aiaeece?oaiuo oi?i, eioi?ua oaeoe/anee
ia?acotho aeaa acaeiinaycaiiuo o?iaiy iauyniaiee yaeaiee nenoaiiinoe.
Iaa iai?aaeaiey oaeoe/anee noaee ?acaeaaoueny ai aoi?ie iieiaeia OO
aaea, e iaa aeaeyo i?e/eiu eioaineaiie ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiie iaoiaeieiaee
a oi?ie?iaaiee iiauo iio?aaiinoae iao/iiai ciaiey, eioi?ua iie, iaeiaei,
iiieiatho ii-?aciiio.
I?aaenoaaeoaee iaeiiai ec iai?aaeaiee, iaiauaiii iaicia/aaiiai eae
“iauaoai?aoe/aneia”, aeaeyo yoe iiaua iio?aaiinoe iiciaiey i?aaeaea
anaai a ea?aeeiaeueiuo eciaiaieyo iao/iie ea?oeiu ie?a, noi?ie?iaaaoaeny
a XIX e XXaa., a oai?eyo iae?i-, iaci- e iee?ino?iaiey iauaeoeaiie
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, o?aaothueo ?ac?aaioee iieenenoaiiuo, iiiaio?iaiaauo
iiaeaeae ie?icaeaiey; a oaeoaeaiee iiciaiey yaeaiee, no?aiyuaainy
?ane?uoue ana aieaa ooiaeaiaioaeueiua iniiaaiey aauae, caeiiu eo
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, ?acaeoey, nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iie i?aaiecaoeee, e,
iaeiiaoe, a oneiaeiaiee i?ioeaaeo? iao/iiai aiaeeca e neioaca. Ana yoi
i?eaiaeeo e iiiaeanoao i?iaeai, aaea iaoiaeieiae/aneea n?aaenoaa
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea ieacuaathony iaeaieaa aaeaeaaoiuie, a ii?ie e
i?inoi iacaiaieiuie.
Naiuie y?eeie e ooiaeaiaioaeueiuie ia?acoeaie nenoaiiiai iuoeaiey
aoi?ie iieiaeia XIX e XX a. i?aaenoaaeoaee yoiai iai?aaeaiey n/eoatho
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneoth oai?eth E. Ia?ena e O. Yiaaeuena,
yaiethoeeiiiia o/aiea *. Aea?aeia, oai?eth Ae. Iaiaeaeaaaa, I.
Eiaa/aaneiai, A. Yeiooaeia e ae?. A oeaeii iie ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi
nenoaiiue iiaeoiae anoue “caeiiiia aeeoy” i?ia?anna iao/iiai iuoeaiey,
iaeiaei eae naiinoiyoaeueiia iaoiaeieiae/aneia o/aiea ii neiaeeeny ia
n?aco, a eiae ii/oe aaeiaie ia?eiae “aioo?eoo?iaiiai ?acaeoey”, eiaaea
nouanoaiaae a aeaea iaeiie ec /a?o oe?ieeo oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneeo
o/aiee e iao/iuo oai?ee, iai?eia?, iaoa?eaeenoe/aneie aeeaeaeoeee,
iaoa?eaeenoe/aneiai iiieiaiey enoi?ee, yaiethoeeiiiiai o/aiey,
ia?eiaee/aneie nenoaiu oeie/aneeo yeaiaioia, iaaaeeeaeiauo aaiiao?ee,
iaeeanne/aneie oeceee e o.ae.
I?aaenoaaeoaee ae?oaiai iai?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea,
iaicia/aaiiai caeanue eae “niaoeeaeueii-iao/iia” e
“iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneia”, naycuaatho iiaua iio?aaiinoe iiciaiey,
ii?iaeaeathuea “nenoaiiia aeaeaeaiea”, i?aeiouanoaaiii ni
niaoeeoe/aneeie iio?aaiinoyie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee,
iaoaiaoecaoeeae, eiaeaia?ecaoeeae e eeaa?iacaoeeae iaoee e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?aeoeee, ?ac?aaioeie iiauo eiaeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneeo
n?aaenoa. Enoiaeiua eaeae yoiai iai?aaeaiey auaeaeioou E. Aa?oaeaioe, a
caoai ?acaeou a o?oaeao I.Iana?iae/a, E.Caaea, ?.Aeiooa, Aeae.Eee?a,
A.E.Oaiiaa, TH.A.Oaiiaa, TH.A.O?iaioeaaa e ae?oaeo. Ia yoii aea
iniiaaiee auee i?aaeeiaeaiu ?acee/iua iiaeoiaeu e iino?iaieth iauae
oai?ee nenoai. I?aaenoaaeoaee aeaiiiai iai?aaeaiey cayaeytho, /oi eo
o/aiea yaeyaony ia oeeinioneei, a “niaoeeaeueii-iao/iui”, e a
niioaaonoaee n yoei iie ?ac?aaaouaatho naie (ioee/iue io o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
oeeinioneeo oi?i) iiiyoeeiue aiia?ao.
?acee/ea e eiio?anoiinoue yoeo iiceoeee ia aeieaeiu iniaaiii niouaoue.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, eae aoaeao aeaeii aeaeaa iaa eiioeaioeee aiieia oniaoii
?aaioatho, ?ane?uaay i?aaeiao n ?aciuo noi?ii e a ?aciuo aniaeoao, iaa
iie ioaeiu aeey iauyniaiey ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, e i?ia?ann
nia?aiaiiiai iao/iiai iiciaiey ianoiyoaeueii o?aaoao eo acaeiiaeaenoaee
e ii?aaeaeaiiiai iaoiaeieiae/aneiai neioaca.
Iiiuoaainy ?acia?aoueny, a /ai aea ninoiyo ?acee/ey yoeo eiioeaioeee n
oi/ee c?aiey eo aiinaieiae/aneeo iniiaaiee.
Iaoea i?ioeuo noieaoee e niioaaonoaaiii oeeinioey e iaoiaeieiaey
i?ioeiai aaea neiaeeeenue a naieo iniiaiuo i?eioeeiao ia aaca ciaiee i
anoanoaaiiuo e anoanoaaiiienoi?e/aneeo i?ioeannao i?e?iaeu e iauanoaa.
Aua a XIX a. oaeiai ?iaea i?aaenoaaeaiey ninoaaeyee iniiaaiea ii/oe
anaai iao/iiai ciaiey. Iaeiaei a XX a. ianoaiiaea noaiiaeony ianeieueei
eiie. Iaiyaony a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a nai oei /aeiaa/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee e
nioeeaeueii e iao/ii-oaoie/anee. I?e yoii ?acei aic?anoaao ?ieue
niciaoaeueiie, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie, ieaiiaie, eiaeaia?iie, oi?aaeai/aneie
– neiaii, ?aciiia?aciie niceaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Niioaaonoaaiii
?anoao e oaeaeueiue aan ciaiee iai anao yoeo aiiaue nicaeaiiuo
i?aaeiaoao e i?ioeannao. Iuia ciaieyi ia eneonnoaaiiuo aauao,
nicaeaaaaiuo o?oaeii e aaieai /aeiaaea, i?eiaaeeaaeeo, iiaeaeoe, oaea ia
iaiaa cia/eiay ?ieue.
Aeaei a oii, /oi i?e?iaeiia e nioeeaeueiia, eae naa?oi?e?iaeiia,
aiaeiae/ii anoanoaaiiiio e eneonnoaaiiiio, a ?aaeueiii ie?a nouanoaotho
a ia?ac?uaiii aaeeinoaa. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, nioeeaeueiia e eneonnoaaiiia
ia nouanoaotho aac i?e?iaeiiai e anoanoaaiiiai, yaeythueony eo
iaoa?eaeueiuie iineoaeyie. Ia yoie iniiaa aicieeaao aeaienoaaiiinoue
ea/anoaaiiie ii?aaeaeaiiinoe nioeeaeueiuo yaeaiee, noieue /aoei
iaoiaeieiae/anee ?ane?uoay a o/aiee E. Ia?ena. Iaeiaei a aeaiiie ?aaioa
a oeaio?a aieiaiey iaoiaeeony niaoeeoeea anoanoaaiiiai e eneonnoaaiiiai,
eioi?ay aunooiaao eae aiinaieiae/aneay aeaoa?ieiaioa niioaaonoaothueo
oi?i iiciaiey.
Oai?ey e i?aeoeea i?iaeoe?iaaiey, ieaie?iaaiey, i?iaiice?iaaiey, a
oaeaea ?acee/iua aeaeu i?iecaiaenoaaiiie e
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeythony iuia ianniauie
oeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe e iuoeaiey ethaeae.
Aie?oa yoiai iiyna ciaiee – Aieueoie eiaeaia?ee, Aieueoie yeiiiieee,
Aieueoie nioeeieiaee, Yenia?eiaioaeueiie iaoee e o.i. – ?acaeaathony e
naycaiiua n iei aeenoeeieeiu – niioaaonoaothuea ?acaeaeu iaoaiaoeee,
eiaeee, i?eeeaaeiie iaoiaeieiaee. Ia yoie ii/aa ai aoi?ie iieiaeia XX a.
noaee aicieeaoue e naie aano?aeoiua oai?ee iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai
oa?aeoa?a: iauay oai?ey i?aaiecaoeee, iauay oai?ey oi?aaeaiey, iauay
oai?ey eioi?iaoeee, iauay i?iaiinoeea, iauay i?aenaieiaey, a oaeaea
aieaa eiie?aoiua oai?ee – nenoaiioaoieea, enneaaeiaaiea iia?aoeee,
oai?ey ea? e o.i. Eiaiii oaeei ia?acii e eiaiii a yoii ?yaeo
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iuo oai?ee aicieeaao e iauay oai?ey nenoai, ia aaca
eioi?ie aaaeaony ?ac?aaioea nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea, oa?aeoa?ecoaiiai aai
nicaeaoaeyie eae “niaoeeaeueii-iao/iue”.
Iu /anoi ia caaeoiuaaainy iaae oai, /oi o ethaeae, caieiathueony
niceaeaoaeueiuie “eiaeaia?iuie”, “ieaiiauie” e
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneeie aeaeaie aeayoaeueiinoe, naie no?ie
iuoeaiey, ii ?yaeo ia?aiao?ia ioee/iue io eiaeee iuoeaiey ethaeae,
eco/athueo i?aeiouanoaaiii i?e?iaeiua, “anoanoaaiiua” i?ioeannu. Oae
iinoaiaiii (e aeey iauanoaa ia anaaaea iniciaiii) aicieeee nenoaiu
ciaiee iiaiai oeia i ie?a eneonnoaaiiuo aauae, niciaoaeueiuo i?ioeannia,
i?iecaieueiuo aeaenoaee. Eiia/ii, i?e yoii neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi
iauanoaaiiia eae naa?oi?e?iaeiia aeeth/aao a naay iaeiia?aiaiii e
anoanoaaiiia e eneonnoaaiiia, a eiaeaia?iay aeayoaeueiinoue e
eiaeaia?iia ciaiea i?e anae eo nianoaaiiie niaoeeoeea yaeythony /anoueth
iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. Iaeiaei ie ia?ac?uaiia aaeeinoai
anoanoaaiiiai e eneonnoaaiiiai, ie iaee/ea eo niaoaiiuo oi?i ia
ioiaiytho eo nianoaaiiie niaoeeoeee. A eiaiii niaoeeoeea a aeaiiii
neo/aao e eioa?anoao. E eiaiii iia iaoneaaeeaaao iiyaeaiea iiauo oi?i
ciaiey e n?aaenoa iaoiaeieiaee.
Iuoeaiea /aeiaaea, i?iaeoe?othuaai /oi-oi iiaia eee ainnicaeathuaai
iaeea i?e?iaeiua yaeaiey eneonnoaaiii, inouanoaeyao eiiiiceoeeth
i?aaeiaoa, iiaeaee?oao aai, i?aaeoniao?eaaao oa?aeoa? iniiaiuo
acaeiiaeaenoaee, aeaenoaea ?aaeueiuo oneiaee nouanoaiaaiey e o.i. Aeey
anaai yoiai iii ioaeaeaaony a ciaiee, oae neacaoue, “ia?aiee?ie/eeia”
eco/aaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, aa no?oeoo?iuo yeaiaioia, eiiiiiaioia e
“aeieia”, oi?i i?aaiecaoeee e oi?aaeaiey, oeiia naycae e
acaeiiaeaenoaee, iaoaieciia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey e o.ae., n oai
/oiau, eniieuecoy eo eae eiie?aoiua aiaeiae i?e?iaeiuo e iauanoaaiiuo
yaeaiee, oniaoiaa aanoe oai?/aneee i?ioeann niceaeaiey. E oa?aeoa?ii,
/oi iaeiei ec aeaaiuo i?eaiia yoiai iuoeaiey noaiiaeony i?eioeei
iino?iaiey iiaiai iin?aaenoaii yeaiaioia ecaanoiiai. Eiia/ii, yoio
i?eioeei ia iia, ii a naiai ianniaii i?eiaiaiee e aeaoaeueiie
i?ioeannoaeueiie ?ac?aaioea ii a XX a. noaiiaeony yaeaieai ea/anoaaiii
iiaiai ii?yaeea. Oae, iie?aynue ia oaiiiaiu “eciii?oecia”, nicaeathony
eae au “eaeaea” ya?enoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey e i?iaeoe?iaaiey
eneonnoaaiii nicaeaaaaiuo aauae, eo eiino?oeoeee e ia?acoeia, a aianoa n
oai nicaeaaony naie iniaue oai?/aneee e iiciaaaoaeueiue eino?oiaioa?ee.
I?e yoii /anoiua iaoiaeieiae/aneea n?aaenoaa, i?eaiu e aeaaea
ioaeaeueiua oaiiiaiu ?acee/iuo iaoe eioaa?e?othony a, oae iacuaaaiua,
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iua iaoiaeu. A iie, ii nooe aeaea, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iaeea iaoiaeieiae/aneea aaeiia?aoeee naiuo ?aciiii?yaeeiauo i?eaiia e
oai?aoe/aneeo oeao?. Eiia/ii, iie ieioi n?aaieiu n oeeinioneeie
i?eioeeiaie e iaoiaeaie, ii iie eiatho naie ianiiiaiiua aeinoieinoaa e
oe?iei i?eiaieiu ia i?aeoeea, a iioiio e eo ioeaiea iaaei iiaeieoe n
ia?eaie, niioaaonoaothueie eo i?e?iaea e cia/aieth.
Ianiiiaiii, iauay oai?ey i?aaiecaoeee, iauay oai?ey oi?aaeaiey e iauay
oai?ey nenoai – yoi oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneea ia?aciaaiey nianai eiiai
?iaea, /ai iaoiaeu, i?eioeeiu e iiiyoey oeeinioneiai ciaiey. Iie
aeaenoaeoaeueii anoue ii?aaeaeaiiua i?iaeoeou nia?aiaiiuo ?aaiethoeee a
iaoea, oaoieea e i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iaeoeou niaoeeoe/aneea, naycaiiua a
iniiaiii n ?ac?aaioeie eneonnoaaiiuo nenoai e niioaaonoaothueo
oaoiieiaee. Ii naiaio oa?aeoa?o e oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneiio noaoono
iie aeeaea e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneei iaoiaeai, niaea?aeao a naaa iiiai
i/aiue eiie?aoiiai iaoiaeieiae/aneiai iaoa?eaea, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
ioiinyuaainy e noa?a oeeinioneiai ciaiey. Iaaeaeo oai oai?aoe/aneia e
iaoiaeieiae/aneia iaiauaiea anaai yoiai iaoa?eaea eaeao, i?iaeieaeaaony
oaeaea e aai “noueiaea” n oeeinioneei ciaieai. I?ioeann yoi ia i?inoie,
e a iai iaa noi?iiu aeieaeiu i?iyaeoue iiiai ioae?inoe e acaeiiiai
oaaaeaiey, /oiau oniaoii neioace?iaaoue ?aoeeiiaeueiia niaea?aeaiea
iaieo iai?aaeaiee ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea. Yoi ii-ianoiyuaio
o?oaeii, ?aaeueiua iooe oaeiai iauaaeeiaiey iiea ianoiyoaeueii ia
?ac?aaioaiu, e oaeoe/anee ?a/ue eaeao i noueiaea, au?aaeaynue neiaaie E.
Ia?ena, aeaoo ?aciuo niiniaia inaiaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe –
“oai?aoe/aneiai” e “i?aeoe/anei-aeooiaiiai”. E yoi iaaei iinoiyiii
eiaoue a aeaeo, oae eae noa?a i?aeoe/aneiai ciaiey eiaao e naith i/aiue
aaaeioth oeeinioneoth noi?iio.
A oeaeii, i?aaenoaaeoaee iauaoai?aoe/aneiai iai?aaeaiey n/eoatho
aeaaiuie aeaoa?ieiaioaie nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea aeiaaeueiua ia?aiao?u
iao/iie ea?oeiu ie?a e iiaua iio?aaiinoe oai?ee iiciaiey, a
i?aaenoaaeoaee ae?oaiai iai?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea
n/eoatho aai iniiaiuie aeaoa?ieiaioaie i?aaeaea anaai iio?aaiinoe
niaoeeaeueii-iao/iiai e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneiai ciaiey e aeaenoaey. Ia
naiii aeaea aeaenoaothueie aeaoa?ieiaioaie yaeyaony e oi e ae?oaia.
Na?ueaciua oeeinioneea i?aaenoaaeaiey i nenoaiiii iiaeoiaea iiiiaatho
aeoaaea iiiyoue aai i?e?iaeo e aiinaieiae/aneea ei?ie, a na?ueaciua
niaoeeaeueii-iao/iia e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey i iai aeoeaii
iiiiaatho naeaeaoue aai aeeaui, aeaenoaothuei, ?aaeueii ?aaioathuei. Ana
yoi aaaeii ciaoue oai, eoi aeaeaao iaeaaeaoue yoei iaoiaeii iiciaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e iao/eoueny i?eiaiyoue aai ia i?aeoeea.
“OEEINIONEEE” E “IA-OEEINIONEEE” NENOAIIUA IIAeOIAeU
?acee/ea aeaoo oeiia nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea – iauaoai?aoe/aneiai e
iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneiai – noaaouaaao nouanoai eo ?acee/ee eae eiioeaioeee,
iaeia ec eioi?uo eiaao ii i?aeiouanoao ie?iaicc?ai/aneoth, oeeinioneoth
aaco ciaiee, a ae?oaay – niaoeeaeueii-iao/ioth e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneoth.
Yoi aaaeii aua ?ac ioiaoeoue iioiio, /oi o eaaeaeiai oaeiai iai?aaeaiey
eiaaony naie no?ie aaceniuo iiiyoee, caeiiia, oai?ee, e a yoii niunea
naiy “i?ecia aeaeaiey” aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iaeiaei aeeaeaeoeea o/eo ian,
/oi iaei iiiyoue ?acee/ey yaeaiee, iaaei aianoa n oai iiiyoue e eo
aaeeinoai. Niioaaonoaaiii iia?e?iaaiea yoeie ?acee/eyie eae
acaeiieneeth/athueie i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoyie, aacioiineoaeueii e aeaiiie
aiinaieiae/aneie iio?aaiinoe, auei au ioeai/iui.
Oae, iai?eia?, naii aaniethoiia “aeeth/aiea” eaeeo-eeai i?aaenoaaeaiee
a oeeinioeth e aaniethoiia “eneeth/aiea” ec iaa ioiineoaeueiu. Eiaaea-oi
a ae?aaiinoe oeeinioey – ia?aay oi?ia oai?aoe/aneiai ciaiey – ioaaouaaea
ii/oe ana nouanoaiaaaoaa a oi a?aiy ciaiea. Iinoaiaiii ?ac?inoeany e
aeeooa?aioee?iaaaoeany noa?u eco/aiey i?e?iaeiuo yaeaiee, a caoai oaeaea
nioeeaeueiia, ii?aeueiia e ineoieiae/aneia ciaiea iieiinoueth
iainiaeeenue. A iaoai noieaoee iaeei ec ae?aaiaeoeo ?acaeaeia oeeinioee
– eiaeea ?iaeaeaao a nithca n iaoaiaoeeie, anoanoaaiiuie e oaoie/aneeie
iaoeaie “ia-oeeinioneoth eiaeeo”.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, a oeeinioee anaaaea i?ienoiaeeee e i?ienoiaeyo
ia?aoiua i?ioeannu – oeeinioey ii-naiaio anneieee?oao “ia-oeeinioeth”,
iai?eia? – eneonnoai, ?aeeaeth, anoanoaiciaiea, iauanoaiaaaeaiea e o.
i., e niioaaonoaaiii ?acaeaaao iniaua ?acaeaeu eiie?aoiiai oeeinioneiai
ciaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa iiyaeythony ynoaoeea eae oeeinioneay oai?ey
eneonnoaa, oeeinioneea aii?inu anoanoaiciaiey, oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu
i?aaa, oeeinioey iaoee e o. i. I?e/ai i?ioeannu oaeiai ?iaea
i?ienoiaeeee e i?ienoiaeyo anaaaea. Oaeei ia?acii, i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea
oeeinioneeo e ia-oeeinioneeo iai?aaeaiee a ii?aaeaeaiiii niunea aanueia
ioiineoaeueii, e yoi aaaeii eiaoue a aeaeo.
Naaiaeiy a no?oeoo?a oeeinioee iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue oaeea iai?aaeaiey
enneaaeiaaiee, eae oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu eeaa?iaoeee, oai?ee eioi?iaoeee,
einiiiaaoeee, oaoie/aneeo iaoe, aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai ie?iaiai ?acaeoey e
o. i.
A oeaeii acaeiiaeaenoaea oeeinioee n ia-oeeinioneeie noa?aie ciaiee –
i?ioeann ii?iaeueiue e iinoiyiii niaa?oathueeny. E oaeoe/anee i?e oaeii
“iaiaia aauanoa” i?ienoiaeyo o?e i?ioeanna iaeiia?aiaiii:
– iaeanoue oeeinioneeo enneaaeiaaiee ?anoe?yaony niioaaonoaaiii n iauei
?ac?anoaieai noa?u iao/iiai ciaiey;
– oeeinioneia iniuneaiea ciaiey iiauo ?acaeaeia iaoee iiiiaaao ei aieaa
no?iai iaoiaeieiae/anee e ie?iaicc?ai/anee ioi?ieoue naie oai?ee;
– a eoiaa oeo/oaaony acaeiiaeaenoaea oeeinioneie iaoee n
anoanoaiciaieai, iauanoaiaaaeaieai e oaoieeie, oe?aieyaony oio naiue
iaiaoiaeeiue eo nithc.
I?ioeann yoio eaeao eiiaaea aieaa, eiiaaea iaiaa aeaaeei e
ieiaeioai?ii, ii ii iaiaoiaeei iaaei noi?iiai, oae eae oeeinioey a
eiie?aoiuo iaoeao eiaao naie iiciaaaoaeueiue oaeoieiae/aneee aacen, a
eiie?aoiua iaoee a oeeinioee – naie iauaoai?aoe/aneee e
iauaiaoiaeieiae/aneee aacen: oai?eth iiciaiey e iauea eiioeaioeee
ie?iaicc?aiey e iaoiaeieiaee.
Eoae, aeaeeii, ia neaaeoao ?acee/ea aeaoo iai?aaeaiee nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea eaoaai?e/anee ii?aaeaeyoue eae ?acee/ea “oeeinioneiai” e
“ia-oeeinioneiai” ciaiey, eai eaaeaeue ec ieo a eiioea eiioeia eiaao
naia oeeinioneia niaea?aeaiea. Iaeiaei i?e yoii eiaoue a aeaeo
aiinaieiae/aneoth niaoeeoeeo eaaeaeiai ec ieo ianiiiaiii neaaeoao.
?IAeIAUA OI?IU CIAIEss E EO AEEssIEA IA NIAOeEOEEO OI?I NENOAIIIAI
IIAeOIAeA
I?e aieaa aeaoaeueiii e iiae?iaiii aiaeeca ieacuaaaony, /oi nenoaiiue
iiaeoiae, ?acaeaathueeny a ?aieao oie eee eiie niaoeeoe/aneie nenoaiu
iao/iiai ciaiey (oeeinioneiai, anoanoaaiiiiao/iiai e o. i.), iaecaaaeii
ianao a naaa ia/aoue aai ?iaeiauo oi?i, iiciaaaoaeueiuo i?eaiia e
iaoiaeieiae/aneeo n?aaenoa.
?anniio?ei i?aaeaea anaai iniaaiiinoe oeeinioneiai ciaiey. Oeeinioey
eae iaoea iaoeaeaia ia oi, /oiau a ia?iiiii ii?a ?aciiia?aciuo ciaiee i
i?e?iaea, iauanoaa, /aeiaaea e aai iuoeaiee iouneaoue iaeaieaa iauea,
onoie/eaua enoeiu i i?ioeannao, naycyo e caeiiiia?iinoyo iauaeoeaiie
?aaeueiinoe. Aa aeaaiay oeaeue – iiciaiea iniia ie?icaeaiey, e
niioaaonoaaiii iia ?anniao?eaaao ie? oe?oiiaiii, ?anneacuaaao i ie?a ia
ycuea oe?ieeo iaiauaiee. Iniiaiuie aaeeieoeaie oeeinioneiai ciaiey
yaeythony i?aaeaeueii oe?ieea ?iaeiaua aano?aeoeee (iaiauaiey) ?aaeueiuo
yaeaiee, i?ioeannia, ioiioaiee.
Niioaaonoaaiii nouiinoiie i?e?iaea oeeinioneiai ciaiey e nenoaiiue
iiaeoiae, ?acaeaathueeny ia yoie aaca ciaiee, no?ieoueny i?aaeaea anaai
aie?oa:
1) ?ac?aaioee eaoaai?eaeueii-iiiyoeeiuo aiacae (oeaeia – oeaeinoiinoue –
/anoue e oeaeia-nenoaia; nenoaia – iiiinenoaia – iieenenoaia – nenoaiiue
eiiieaen; nenoaia – eioaa?aoeey – no?oeoo?a – caeii e o.ae.);
2) eco/aiea anaiaueo /a?o nenoaiiiai ciaiey, aai i?aaeiinueie e oi?i a
enoi?ee iiciaiey;
3) auyaeaiey e iaiauaiey oa?aeoa?ieiae/aneeo /a?o nenoaiiuo caeiiia
?acee/iuo aeaeia, ?iaeia e eeannia ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Anoanoaaiiiiao/iia ciaiea. Anoanoaaiiiiao/iia ciaiea cia/eoaeueii aieaa
eiie?aoii, /ai oeeinioneia; iii iaoeaeaii ia aiaeec e eco/aiea ?aaeueiuo
naienoa eiie?aoiie iaoa?eaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Anoanoaieniuoaoaee
iiiaeanoaii ?acee/iuo niiniaia e n iiiiuueth ?acee/iuo i?oaeee iiciaiey
eco/atho ?aaeueiua ea/anoaaiii-eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee oie eee
eiie oi?iu iaoa?ee, aa iae?i- e iee?ii?ioeannu, oi?iu, no?oeoo?u, oeiu
acaeiiaeaenoaee e ioiioaiee, niaoeeoe/aneea caeiiu nouanoaiaaiey.
Iiiyoii, /oi a oieona yoiai “iiciaiey iaoa?ee” iaoiaeyony iia?aoeee ii
aa ananoi?iiiaio aiaeeco, iienaieth e iauyniaieth oi?i e iaoaieciia,
no?oeoo?iie aeaeiiiiceoeee, auyaeaieth yeaiaioia, onoaiiaeaieth
ea/anoaaiii-eiee/anoaaiiuo cia/aiee, a?aieoe, ia?, iioeiaeueiuo e
e?eoe/aneeo oneiaee nouanoaiaaiey, acaeiiaeaenoaey ni n?aaeie e o. ae.
Niioaaonoaaiii oa?aeoa? nenoaiiiai ciaiey, niioonoaothuaai yoei neiyi
iao/iiai iiciaiey, ianeieueei eiie, /ai a oeeinioee. Caeanue ia ia?aue
ieai auaeaeaathony ia iaiauaiiua eaoaai?eaeueii-iiiyoeeiua oi?iu, a
iienaiey:
1) oeie/iuo nenoaiiuo iaoaieciia, ano?a/athueony a i?e?iaea, a?iaea
“aiiainoacena”, “aeiieiaiou”, “aeeiaie/aneiai noa?aioeia”, “onoie/eauo e
iaeionoie/eauo no?oeoo?” e o.ae.;
2) niaoeeoeee ?aaeueiuo iee?i- e iacinenoai aeeaie e iaaeeaie i?e?iaeu
(aoii, iieaeoea, aaeoa?ey, i?aaieci, iiioeyoeey, yeinenoaia e o.i.);
3) niaoeeoeee i?e?iaeiuo iae?inenoai (Anaeaiiay, Nieia/iay nenoaia,
ae?oaea caacaeiua e ieaiaoa?iua nenoaiu, aeinoa?a, i?e?iaea a oeaeii).
Iauanoaiaaae/aneia ciaiea. Iauanoaiaaae/aneia ciaiea iaeaieaa neiaeii
ii naiae ea/anoaaiiie no?oeoo?a. Yoi naycaii ni neaaeothueie i?e/eiaie:
– ai-ia?auo, n enoiaeiie aeaienoaaiiinoueth ea/anoaaiiie i?e?iaeu
nioeeaeueiuo yaeaiee. Eiay naiei iineoaeai i?e?iaeioth iaoa?eth n aa
ea/anoaaiiuie iieacaoaeyie, iauanoai auno?aeaaao iaae iae naie
nianoaaiiue ?yae ea/anoa. A ioee/ea io i?e?iaeiuo, yoe ea/anoaa
nicaeathony /aeiaaeii.
– ai-aoi?uo, ioiioaiey nioeeaeueiiai yaeaiey n aeaoa?ieie?othueie aai
iauanoaaiiuie iae?inenoaiaie (ainoaea?noai, iaoeey, eeann, eieeaeoea e
o.ae.) aieaa iiiaiia?aciu e aeeiaie/iu, /ai yoi eiaao ianoi a i?e?iaea.
– a-o?aoueeo, ?aaeueiinoe iauanoaaiiie aeecie eiatho ia?iiioth iaeeo?o
ea/anoa-naienoa: iieeoe/aneeo, yeiiiie/aneeo, nianoaaiii nioeeaeueiuo,
eoeueoo?iuo, ii?aeueiuo, nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeo, ynoaoe/aneeo e
o.i., aaneiia/ii ?anoe?ythueo /enei ea/anoaaiiuo ia?aiao?ia e eo
neiaeiuo ni/aoaiee e ia?acothueo a eiia/iii eoiaa ?aaeueioth
iieenenoaiiinoue iauanoaaiiuo yaeaiee.
– a-/aoaa?ouo, nioeeaeueiua yaeaiey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia?ac?uaiia
aaeeinoai iauaeoeaiiai e noauaeoeaiiai.
Ana yoi, anoanoaaiii, io?aaeaaony a niaoeeoeea iauanoaiaaae/aneiai
nenoaiiiai ciaiey. Aai iaoiaeieiae/aneee aiia?ao aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue
aaeaeaaoiuie n?aaenoaaie iiciaiey. E niioaaonoaaiii ia ia?aue ieai
caeanue auaeaeaathony oaeea nenoaiii-iaoiaeieiae/aneea oi?iu e i?eaiu
iiciaiey, eae:
1) ?ane?uoea iiiaiia?iie, iiiaio?iaiaaie ea?oeiu aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe,
iiiinenoaiiue e iieenenoaiiue aiaeec, ea/anoaaiiue aiaeec niaieoiiinoae,
nenoaiiua oaiiiaiu eioaa?aoeee e o.ae.;
2) eco/aiea nenoaiiuo ea/anoa, nenoaiiuo iniiaaiee, nenoaiiuo no?oeoo?
(aeeth/ay niaiiua no?oeoo?u), nenoaiiuo e?eoa?eaa, nenoaiiuo eiiieaenia,
aeeaeaeoeee nenoaiii-ea/anoaaiiuo oi?i ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, ?acaeoey e
aeeiaieee nioeeaeueiuo yaeaiee, neioac nenoaiiiai ciaiey;
3) onoaiiaeaiea niaoeeoeee e caeiiiia?iinoae ?acee/iuo iae?i-, iaci- e
iee?inioeeaeueiuo nenoai (iai?eia?, enoi?e/aneeo oeeaeeecaoeee,
iauanoaaiii-yeiiiie/aneeo oi?iaoeee, ieaiai, ia?iaeia, iaoeee, eeannia,
no?ai, ainoaea?noa, ie?iauo nioeeaeueiuo nenoai ainoaea?noa, ?anioaeee,
ai?iaeia, nae, eieeaeoeaia, a?oii).
Eiaeaia?iia ciaiea. Ca ianeieueei ouny/aeaoee ienaiie enoi?ee
/aeiaa/anoaa oeeinioneia ciaiea e ciaiea anoanoaaiiuo e iauanoaaiiuo
iaoe a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a eae au n?ineenue, e eo niaoeeoe/aneea
iaoiaeieiae/aneea ?acee/ey iai ia iniaaiii a?inathony a aeaca. Yoiai ia
neaaeaoue ia eiaeaia?iie eee eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneie nenoaia ciaiee,
eioi?ay oioy ii yeaiaioai e nouanoaoao aeaaii, ii a naiinoiyoaeueioth e
anaioaaouaathuoth noa?o ?acaeeanue n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii. Caeanue iu
einiainy yoie oaiu oieueei i?eiaieoaeueii e nenoaiiiio iiaeoiaeo.
Eiaeaia?iia ciaiea a aeaiiii neo/aa iaie ?anniao?eaaaony cia/eoaeueii
oe?a aai nianoaaiiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie noa?u, a eiaiii eae anyeia ciaiea
ia eneonnoaaiiuo yaeaieyo e i?ioeannao, anee aai iniiaiui niaea?aeaieai
yaeyaony eiino?oe?iaaiea, ieaie?iaaiea, eiiiiceoeey, no?ieoaeuenoai e
o.i., – neiaii, nicaeaiea iiaiai iin?aaenoaii yeaiaioia e eiiiiiaioia
ecaanoiiai.
Niaoeeoeea nenoaiiiai ciaiey yoie noa?u, eiia/ii, i?aaeaea anaai
aeeth/aao a naay:
1) iaoiaeu iienaiey neiaeiuo eneonnoaaiiuo nenoai;
2) i?ioeaaeo?u aiaeeca e neioaca oeaeiai, eo iaai?,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, ia?aoiay naycue, eiio?ieue;
3) iaoiaeu iiaeaee?iaaiey e eiino?oe?iaaiey nenoai.
Oai?ee e iaoiaeu, iaania/eaathuea auai? aeueoa?iaoea, iaoiaeaeaiea
iioeioia, iiene e i?eiyoea ?aoaiee. En/eneaiea ?aciiii?yaeeiauo
i?e?iaeii-nenoaiiuo e?eoa?eaa: onoie/eainoe, aaeaioaoeee, eciai/eainoe,
a oaeaea ?acee/iuo nioeeaeueii-nenoaiiuo e?eoa?eaa: iieaciinoe,
yeiiiie/iinoe e o.i.
Nenoaiiia ciaiea yoie ia?iiiie e ?aciiii?yaeeiaie noa?u iiciaiey
iiiaia?aiii. Ia yoii “iiea” nicaeathony e aoaeoo nicaeaaaoueny aeanyoee
iiauo iiciaaaoaeueiuo ?aciiaeaeiinoae nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea,
ianeoaeeaathuaai eiino?oeoi?neea, nenoaiioaoie/aneea, oi?aaeai/aneea,
eioi?iaoeeiiiua, eeaa?iaoe/aneea, i?iaiinoe/aneea e oiio iiaeiaiua
eeannu caaea/ iaoee, oaoieee e i?iecaiaenoaa. Aa?iyoii, aoaeoo nicaeaiu
e naie oe?oiiaiiua oai?ee niceaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeth/athuea a
naay niioaaonoaothuea ?acaeaeu nenoaiiiai aiaeeca e nenoaiiiai neioaca.
Eiuie neiaaie, ?acee/ey, oae neacaoue, “iauaoai?aoe/aneie”,
“niaoeeaeueii-iao/iie” e “iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie” ?aciiaeaeiinoae
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea, eae e ii?aaeaeaiea iiaeeoeeaoeee aai
i?eiaieoaeueii e iniiaiui ?iaeiaui oi?iai iao/iiai ciaiey, eiatho ianoi,
ii yoe ?acee/ey e iiaeeoeeaoeee iinyo nei?aa “oaoiieiae/aneee” e
“aniaeoiue” oa?aeoa?, /ai i?eioeeieaeueiue. O/eouaaoue eo a ?aaeueiii
i?ioeanna iao/iie ?aaiou, ianiiiaiii, iaaei, oae eae yoei iaania/eaaaony
aieueoay aaeaeaaoiinoue eiie?aoiuo iiciaaaoaeueiuo n?aaenoa, aieueoaa
niioaaonoaea e “i?eaiaiiinoue” eo e eco/aaiui iauaeoai e i?ioeannai,
aieaa iniciaiiia eo i?eiaiaiea. E yoi aaaeii, oae eae iaeieo anaiaueo
n?aaenoa iiciaiey aeey aeoaieiai e ianoiyoaeueiiai eco/aiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iaei. Ai anai aea inoaeueiii ana aeaeu e
?aciiaeaeiinoe nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea (oiiiyiooua e ia oiiiyiooua)
acaeiiaeiiieiytho ae?oa ae?oaa; iie ia?acotho, oi/iaa neacaoue, aeieaeiu
ia?aciauaaoue, no?iaoth e iineaaeiaaoaeueioth niaieoiiinoue ciaiee i
aeaiiii iaoiaea, aai aa?eaioao e i?eiaiaieyo, aai ianoa n?aaee ae?oaeo
iaoiaeia, aai ?iee a nia?aiaiiii iao/iii iiciaiee.
Eoae, nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea eae iaeiiai
ec iaoiaeia iao/iiai iiciaiey iiea, aeaeeii, iiaeao ioeaieaaoueny eeoue
eae ninoiyiea ia/aeueiiai ia?eiaea. O/aiui anao io?aneae ciaiee
i?aaenoieo naeaeaoue aua i/aiue iiiaia e aeey aai aeoaieiai e oi/iiai
oeeinioneiai iniuneaiey, e aeey nenoaiaoecaoeee aai eiie?aoiiai
iaoiaeieiae/aneiai aiaaonoaa, iaeaieeaaaiiai anoanoaaiiuie,
iauanoaaiiuie, oaoie/aneeie e iaoaiaoe/aneeie iaoeaie, e, iaeiiaoe, aeey
iaiauaiey iiceoeaiiai iiuoa aai i?aeoe/aneee i?eiaiaiee. A oneiaeyo
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee, a oneiaeyo aeaaioneiai ?inoa,
aeeooa?aioeeaoeee e oneiaeiaiey iao/iiai ciaiey ea/anoaaiiui ia?acii
aic?anoaao ?ieue anao n?aaenoa iaoiaeieiaee, a oii /enea, eiia/ii, e
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea.
Yoio i?ioeann aeiiieiyaony ae?oaei. *aeiaa/anoai ia aeaiiii yoaia
naiaai enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey a nouanoaaiii iiaie ia?a iaeaaeaaaao
iaoeie e noaaeo aa aeinoeaeaiey ia neoaeao naiei eioa?anai, ia neoaeao
i?aeoeea i?iecaiaenoaa, oi?aaeaiey, ?acaeoey nioeeaeueiie e aeooiaiie
aeecie iauanoaa. E yoa anaiauiinoue a i?eiaiaiee iaoee, oae neacaoue,
“i?aaiaoecaoeey” iao/iiai ciaiey, iuia oaeaea o?aaoao ?ac?aaioee e
i?eiaiaiey iiauo iaoiaeieiae/aneeo n?aaenoa niioaaonoaothuaai o?iaiy e
eiie?aoiinoe. Oaeiaa iauay ianoaiiaea. Oaeiau aeooaeueiua iio?aaiinoe
?acaeoey neiaeiiai iao/iiai ciaiey e i?aeoe/aneiai ciaiey. Nenoaiiue
iiaeoiae aeeth/aaony a iaa yoeo i?ioeanna nia?aiaiiie iauanoaaiiie e
iao/iie aeecie, e eiaiii caeanue aio e i?aaenoieo aeieacaoue naith
aeeciaiiinoue e naith aeaenoaeoaeueioth neeo.
Aic?anoaiea ?iee nenoaiiiai ciaiey ii?aaeaeyaony eae iiauie
iio?aaiinoyie ?acaeoey iao/iiai ciaiey, oae e i?aeoe/aneeie
iio?aaiinoyie aieaa oe?ieiai ieaia – i?aa?auaieai iaoee a
iaiin?aaenoaaiioth i?iecaiaeeoaeueioth neeo, a iaeaieaa ?aaiethoeeiiiue
yeaiaio oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneiai e nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iiai i?ia?anna, a
aaaeiaeoaa n?aaenoai iauanoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.
Iaeiieaiea e oaeoaeaiea iao/iiai ciaiey, aai aeeooa?aioeeaoeey e
eioaa?aoeey n iaecaaaeiinoueth aaaeoo e aieaa aeoaieiio iiieiaieth
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Aianoa n oai ea?oeia yoa noaiiaeony ana aieaa
neiaeiie, ?an/eaiaiiie e aeeiaie/iie. Anoanoaaiii, iao/iay iaoiaeieiaey
aeieaeia iaeoe niioaaonoaothuea oi?iu aeey au?aaeaiey yoeo neiaeiuo
no?oeoo?, caaeneiinoae e ioiioaiee, e a yoii aeaea nenoaiiua
i?aaenoaaeaiey ieacuaathony aanueia aaeaeaaoiuie, a ii?ie i?inoi
iacaiaieiuie.
Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae naaiaeiy yaeyaony iaeiei ec aeaenoaothueo
eiiiiiaioia i?ioeanna iao/iiai iiciaiey. Nenoaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey e
iaoiaeieiae/aneea n?aaenoaa ioaa/atho iio?aaiinoyi nia?aiaiiiai
ea/anoaaiiiai aiaeeca, ?ane?uaatho caeiiiia?iinoe eioaa?aoeee,
o/anoaotho a iino?iaiee iiiaio?iaiaaie e iiiaiia?iie ea?oeiu
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe; iie ea?atho nouanoaaiioth ?ieue a neioaca e
eiiieaene?iaaiee iao/iuo ciaiee. O?oaeii iaeiicia/ii ii?aaeaeeoue
nouiinoue e niaea?aeaiea nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea – ana ia?a/eneaiiia auoa
ninoaaeyao aai ?acee/iua /a?ou. Ii anee ana aea iiiuoaoueny auaeaeeoue
yae?i nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea, aai aaaeiaeoea a?aie, oi oaeiauie,
aiciiaeii, neaaeoao n/eoaoue ea/anoaaiii-eioaa?aeueiia e iiiaiia?iia
ecia?aiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, eco/aiea i?aaeiaoa eae
oeaeiai, eae nenoaiu anaaaea eiaao e a ea/anoaa oeaio?aeueiie caaea/e
?ane?uoea oiai, /oi aeaeaao aai nenoaiie e ninoaaeyao aai nenoaiiua
ea/anoaa, aai eioaa?aeueiua naienoaa e caeiiiia?iinoe. Yoi caeiiu
nenoaiiia?aciaaiey (eioaa?aoeee /anoae a oeaeia), nenoaiiua caeiiu
naiiai oeaeiai (eioaa?aeueiua aaceniua caeiiu aai no?oeoo?u,
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey). Aianoa n oai ana eco/aiea i?iaeai
neiaeiinoe iie?aaony ia nenoaiiia iiiaio?iaiaaia e iiiaiia?iia iiieiaiea
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, aeathuaa ?aaeueioth niaieoiioth ea?oeio aeaoa?ieiaio
yaeaiey, aai acaeiiaeaenoaey n oneiaeyie nouanoaiaaiey, “aeeth/aiiinoe”
e “aienaiiinoe” a ieo.
E?iia yoiai iaaei ioiaoeoue /oi, i?eiaiaiea i?eaiia nenoaiiie
iaoiaeieiaee a i?aeoeea niinianoaoao: eo/oaio ?aoaieth i?iaeai
naaeaine?iaaiiinoe e eiiieaeniinoe a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa, nenoaiiiio
i?aaeaeaeaieth iineaaenoaee ie?iaiai aeiaaeueiiai ?acaeoey, oeo/oaieth
ia?niaeoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey, aieaa oe?ieiio eniieueciaaieth ia?aaeiauo
aeinoeaeaiee iaoiaeieiaee aeey iiauoaiey EIAe anae iaoae niceaeaoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
*ANOUe 2. Iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea
A yoie /anoe ?aaiou aoaeoo cao?iioou i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua a aieueoae
noaiaie ioiinyony ei aoi?iio iai?aaeaieth ?ac?aaioee nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea, ?anniao?eaaaiiai auoa. A iniiaiii enneaaeoaiua caeanue
aii?inu aoaeoo naycaiu n nenoaiiuie enneaaeiaaieyie, e?iia yoiai
i?aaenoaaeaia aiciiaeiay iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea.
Nia?aiaiiua nenoaiiua enneaaeiaaiey, eee, eae eiiaaea aiai?yo,
nia?aiaiiia nenoaiiia aeaeaeaiea, – yoi nouanoaaiiue eiiiiiaio iaoee,
oaoieee e ?acee/iuo oi?i i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ianoiyuaai a?aiaie.
Nenoaiiia aeaeaeaiea yaeyaony iaeiei ec aaaeiuo aniaeoia nia?aiaiiie
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee. A iaai aiaea/aiu i?aeoe/anee ana iao/iua
e oaoie/aneea aeenoeeieeiu; iii a ?aaiie ia?a cao?aaeaaao e iao/iua
enneaaeiaaiey, e i?aeoe/aneea ?ac?aaioee; iiae aai aeeyieai ?acaeaathony
iaoiaeu ?aoaiey aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai e o.i.
Aoaeo/e iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iuie ii naiae i?e?iaea, nia?aiaiiua nenoaiiua
enneaaeiaaiey naie i?aaenoaaeytho neiaeioth ea?a?oe/aneoth no?oeoo?o,
aeeth/athuoth a naay eae i?aaeaeueii aano?aeoiua, noaoai oai?aoe/aneea e
oeeinionei-iaoiaeieiae/aneea eiiiiiaiou, oae e iiiai/eneaiiua
i?aeoe/aneea i?eeiaeaiey.
E ianoiyuaio a?aiaie neiaeeeanue neooaoeey n enneaaeiaaieai oeeinioneeo
iniiaaiee nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee, i?e eioi?ie, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
nouanoaoao aaeeinoai n?aaee oeeinioia-ia?enenoia a i?eciaiee
iaoa?eaeenoe/aneie aeeaeaeoeee oeeinioneie aacie nenoaiiuo
enneaaeiaaiee, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu, i?iyaeyaony ii?aceoaeueiia
?aciiaeanea iiaiee caiaaeiuo niaoeeaeenoia i oeeinioneeo iniiaaieyo
iauae oai?ee nenoai, nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e nenoaiiiai aiaeeca. A iaeiii
ec iioaeeeiaaiiuo a iineaaeiea aiaeu aiaeeoe/aneii iaci?a “Nenoaiiia
aeaeaeaiea” aeaia aeinoaoi/ii aaeaeaaoiay ea?oeia ninoiyiey aeae a yoie
iaeanoe: i?aeoe/anee ieeoi ia niiiaaaaony a aaaeiinoe yoie noa?u
nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee, ii eaaeaeue, eoi a iae ?aaioaao, eiaao aeaei
eeoue ni naiae nianoaaiiie eiioeaioeeae, ia caaioynue i nayce aa n
ae?oaeie eiioeaioeeyie. Acaeiiiiieiaiea iaaeaeo niaoeeaeenoaie
nouanoaaiii oi?iiceony oa?ieiieiae/aneei ?aciiaiai, i/aaeaeiie
iano?iainoueth oiio?aaeaiey eeth/aauo iiiyoee e o.i. Oaeia iieiaeaiea
aeae, eiia/ii, iaeuecy i?eciaoue oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui, e o?aaoaony
i?eeiaeeoue oneeey aeey i?aiaeieaiey yoie i?iaeaiu. I?aaeeiaeaiiay a
yoie /anoe ?aaiou iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea
iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue, eae iiiuoeo eciaiaiey iieiaeaiey aauae a yoie
noa?a nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee.
?anniio?ei iaeioi?ua aeueoa?iaoeaiua iiaeoiaeu e ?ac?aaioea oeeinioneeo
i?iaeai nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee.
YEAIAIOA?ECI, OIEECI E OEEINIONEEE I?EIOeEI NENOAIIINOE
Naienoai nenoaiiinoe a eeoa?aoo?a i?eiyoi i?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue naienoao
noiiaoeaiinoe, eaaeauaio a iniiaa oeeinioneeo eiioeaioeee yeaiaioa?ecia,
aoiiecia, iaoaieoeecia e ei aiaeiae/iuo. Aianoa n oai no?oeoo?u
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey nenoaiiuo iauaeoia ia oiaeaeanoaaiiu
iiaeaeyi oeaeinoiinoe, i?aaeeiaeaiiuie noi?iiieeaie aeoaeecia, oieecia,
yia?aeaeaioecia, i?aaieoeecia e o.i. Nenoaiiinoue ieacuaaaony eae au
caeeth/aiiie iaaeaeo yoeie aeaoiy iiethnaie, e auyniaiea aa oeeinioneeo
iniiaaiee i?aaeiieaaaao /aoeoth oeenaoeeth ioiioaiey nenoaiiinoe, n
iaeiie noi?iiu, e iiethno, oae neacaoue iaoaieoeecia, a n ae?oaie
noi?iiu, e iiethno, iae neacaoue, oaeai-oieecia, aaea ia?yaeo ni
naienoaaie oeaeinoiinoe iniai iiae/a?eeaaaony oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoue
iiaaaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo iauaeoia.
Iniiaiua ?aoaiey oeeinioneeo i?iaeai, naycaiiuo n aeeoioiieae oeaeiai e
/anoae, n ii?aaeaeaieai enoi/ieea ?acaeoey nenoai e niiniaia eo
iiciaiey, ia?acotho o?e ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo oeeinioneeo iiaeoiaea.
Ia?aue ec ieo – iaciaai aai yeaiaioa?enoneei – i?eciaao ia?ae/iinoue
yeaiaioia (/anoae) iaae oeaeui, enoi/iee ?acaeoey iauaeoia (nenoai)
oniao?eaaao a aeaenoaee iauaeoia, aiaoieo ii ioiioaieth e
?anniao?eaaaiiio iauaeoo, e a ea/anoaa niiniaa iiciaiey ie?a
?anniao?eaaao oieueei iaoiaeu aiaeeca. Enoi?e/anee yeaiaioa?enoneee
iiaeoiae aunooiee a ?acee/iuo oi?iao, eaaeaeay ec eioi?uo, enoiaey ec
oeacaiiuo iaueo i?eciaeia yeaiaioa?ecia, i?eaeaao ei oo eee eioth
eiie?aoecaoeeth. Oae, a neo/aa aoiienoe/aneiai iiaeoiaea iniiaiia
aieiaiea oaeaeyaony auaeaeaieth iauaeoeaii iaaeaeeiuo aoiiia
(“ee?ie/eeia”) ie?icaeaiey, a iaoaieoeecia ainiiaenoaoao eaeay
?aaeoeoeeiiecia – naaaeaiey ethauo o?iaiae ?aaeueiinoe e aeaenoaeth
caeiiia iaoaieee e o.i.
Aoi?ie ooiaeaiaioaeueiue oeeinioneee iiaeoiae – aai oeaeaniia?acii
iacaaoue oieenoneei – aace?oaony ia i?eciaiee ia?ae/iinoe oeaeiai iaae
/anoyie, enoi/iee ?acaeoey oniao?eaaao a iaeioi?uo oeaeinoiuo, eae
i?aaeei, eaeaaeueiuo oaeoi?ao e i?eciaao i?eiao neioaoe/aneeo iaoiaeia
iinoeaeaiey iauaeoia iaae iaoiaeaie eo aiaeeca. Nouanoaoao aieueoia
iiiaiia?acea iooaieia oieecia – io ioe?iaaiii eaeaaeenoe/aneiai
aeoaeecia, iaei /ai ioee/athuaainy io iaai oieecia ss. Niyona e aei
aiieia ?aniaeoaaaeueiuo a iao/iii ioiioaiee eiioeaioeee yia?aeaeaioecia
e i?aaieoeecia. A neo/aa yia?aeaeaioecia iiae/a?eeaaaony oieeaeueiinoue
?acee/iuo o?iaiae ?aaeueiinoe, eo ia?aaeooee?oaiinoue e aieaa ieceei
o?iaiyi. I?aaieoeeci – yoi, ia?acii aiai?y, ?aaeoeoeeiieci iaiai?io:
iecoea oi?iu ?aaeueiinoe iaaeaeythony naienoaaie aeeauo i?aaieciia.
I?eioeeieaeueiay o?oaeiinoue ethauo aa?eaioia oieecia caeeth/aaony a
ionoonoaee iao/iiai ?aoaiey aii?ina ia enoi/ieea ?acaeoey nenoai. Yoa
o?oaeiinoue i?aiaeieaaaaony oieueei a oeeinioneii i?eioeeia nenoaiiinoe.
O?aoee ooiaeaiaioaeueiue oeeinioneee iiaeoiae yoi – oeeinioneee
i?eioeei nenoaiiinoe. A iai ooaa?aeaeaaony i?eiao oeaeiai iaae /anoyie,
ii i?e yoii iiae/a?eeaaaony acaeiinaycue oeaeiai e /anoae,
au?aaeathuayny, a /anoiinoe, a ea?a?oe/aneii no?iaiee ie?a. Enoi/iee
?acaeoey o?aeooaony caeanue eae naiiaeaeaeaiea – ?acoeueoao aaeeinoaa e
ai?ueau i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo noi?ii, aniaeoia ethaiai iauaeoa ie?a. Oneiaeai
aaeaeaaoiiai iiciaiey yaeyaony aaeeinoai iaoiaeia aiaeeca e neioaca,
iiieiaaiuo a yoii neo/aa a niioaaonoaee n eo no?iai ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneie
(a ia eiooeoeaenoneie) eioa?i?aoaoeeae. Ii?aaeaeaiiie noi?iiie
oeeinioneiai i?eioeeia nenoaiiinoe yaeyaony aeeaeaeoe/anee o?aeooaiue
no?oeoo?aeeci. Nooue i?eioeeia nenoaiiinoe iiaeii naanoe e neaaeothuai
iieiaeaieyi:
1. Oeaeinoiue oa?aeoa? iauaeoia aiaoiaai ie?a e i?aaeiaoia iiciaiey.
2. Acaeiinaycue yeaiaioia ethaiai iauaeoa (i?aaeiaoa) e aeaiiiai iauaeoa
n iiiaeanoaii ae?oaeo iauaeoia.
3. Aeeiaie/aneay i?e?iaea ethaiai iauaeoa.
4. Ooieoeeiie?iaaiea e ?acaeoea ethaiai iauaeoa a ?acoeueoaoa
acaeiiaeaenoaey n ie?oaeathuae aai n?aaeie i?e i?eiaoa aioo?aiieo
caeiiiia?iinoae iauaeoa (aai naiiaeaeaeaiey) iaae aiaoieie.
Iiieiaaiue oaeei ia?acii i?eioeei nenoaiiinoe yaeyaony nouanoaaiiie
noi?iiie eee aniaeoii aeeaeaeoeee. E eiaiii ia iooe aeaeueiaeoae
eiie?aoecaoeee, a ia ia iooe eiino?oe?iaaiey iniaie nenoaiiie oeeinioee,
noiyuae iaae anaie ae?oaeie oeeinioneeie eiioeaioeeyie, neaaeoao
iaeeaeaoue aoaeouaai i?ia?anna a iiieiaiee oeeinioneeo iniiaaiee e
oeeinioneiai niunea nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee. Ia yoii iooe ieacuaaaony
aiciiaeiui e ooi/iaiea iaoiaeieiae/aneie no?oeoo?u nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea.
Eoae, ?anniio?ei iaoiaeieiae/aneoth no?oeoo?o nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea a
aeaea neaaeothuae noaiu:
S =
?ane?iai niaea?aeaiea yoie noaiu, eiay i?e yoii a aeaeo, /oi iu aoaeai
iaeiia?aiaiii aiai?eoue e i nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeao nenoaiu eae iauaeoa
enneaaeiaaiey (iaicia/ei aa /a?ac S) e iaoiaeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaieyo
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea (a aeaiiii neo/aa iu oaeaea iaicia/ei aai /a?ac S).
Iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiui i?eciaeii nenoaiu yaeyaony aa oeaeinoiinoue (W),
a ia?aia o?aaiaaiea nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
?anniao?eaaoue aiaeece?oaiue iauaeo eae oeaeia. A iaeaieaa iauai aeaea
yoi icia/aao iaee/ea o iauaeoa eioaa?aeueiuo naienoa, ia naiaeeiuo e
noiia naienoa aai yeaiaioia. Caaea/a nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oiau iaeoe n?aaenoaa oeenaoeee e enneaaeiaaiey oaeeo eioaa?aeueiuo
naienoa nenoai, e i?aaeeaaaaiay iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea no?ieony eiaiii oaeei ia?acii, /oiau ?aoeoue oaeoth ii naiaio
nouanoao neioaoe/aneoth caaea/o.
Naeaeaoue yoi, iaeiaei, iiaeii, eeoue eniieueciaaa aanue a?naiae
eiathueony a ianoiyuaa a?aiy aiaeeoe/aneeo n?aaenoa. Iiyoiio a iaoo
noaio aeeth/aaony iiiaeanoai /eaiaiee enneaaeoaiie nenoaiu ia yeaiaiou
M. Nouanoaaiii, /oi ?a/ue aeieaeia eaeoe eiaiii i iiiaeanoaa /eaiaiee
(iai?eia?, iao/iiai ciaiey ia iiiaeanoaa iiiyoee, auneacuaaiee, oai?ee e
o. i. ) n onoaiiaeaieai acaeiinaycae iaaeaeo ieie. Eaaeaeia /eaiaiea
nenoaiu ia yeaiaiou ?ane?uaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue aniaeo nenoaiu, e oieueei
eo iiiaeanoai aianoa n auiieiaieai ae?oaeo iaoiaeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaiee
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea niiniaii ?ane?uoue oeaeinoiue oa?aeoa? nenoai.
O?aaiaaiea i?iaaaeaiey iaeioi?iai iiiaeanoaa /eaiaiee nenoaiiiai
iauaeoa ia yeaiaiou icia/aao, /oi ioiineoaeueii ethaie nenoaiu iu aoaeai
eiaoue aeaei n iaeioi?ui iaai?ii aa ?acee/iuo iienaiee. Onoaiiaeaiea
naycae iaaeaeo yoeie iienaieyie yaeyaony neioaoe/aneie i?ioeaaeo?ie,
eioi?ay, oaeei ia?acii, caaa?oaao aiaeeoe/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue ii
ii?aaeaeaieth e enneaaeiaaieth yeaiaioiiai ninoaaa eioa?anothuaai ian
iauaeoa.
Aeey inouanoaeaiey oaeiai aaeeinoaa aiaeeca e neioaca iu ioaeaeaainy a
neaaeothuai:
– ai-ia?auo, a i?iaaaeaiee o?aaeeoeeiiiuo enneaaeiaaiee naienoa (?),
ioiioaiee (R) e naycae () aeaiiie nenoaiu n ae?oaeie nenoaiaie, a oaeaea
n aa iiaenenoai, /anoae, yeaiaioia;
– ai-aoi?uo, a onoaiiaeaiee no?oeoo?u (i?aaiecaoeee) nenoaiu (Str (Org))
e aa ea?a?oe/aneiai no?iaiey (ier).
I?e yoii ia?aue oei enneaaeiaaiee iineo a iniiaiii aiaeeoe/aneee, a
aoi?ie – neioaoe/aneee oa?aeoa?.
I?e onoaiiaeaiee no?oeoo?u (i?aaiecaoeee) nenoaiu iu oeene?oai aa
eiaa?eaioiue oa?aeoa? ii ioiioaieth e ea/anoaaiiui iniaaiiinoyi
ninoaaeythueo aa yeaiaioia, a oaeaea aa oii?yaei/aiiinoue. Ea?a?oe/aneia
no?iaiea nenoaiu icia/aao, /oi nenoaia iiaeao auoue yeaiaioii nenoaiu
aieaa aunieiai o?iaiy, e, a naith i/a?aaeue, yeaiaio aeaiiie nenoaiu
iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie nenoaio aieaa ieceiai o?iaiy.
Iineaaeiyy a?oiia auaeaeaiiuo iaie iaoiaeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaiee
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e, niioaaonoaaiii, naienoa nenoaiu eanaaony
oeenaoeee acaeiiioiioaiee nenoaiu ni n?aaeie (A), oeaeae nenoaiu e aa
iiaenenoai (G), iienaiey iiaaaeaiey nenoaiu (B), aeeth/ay aa ?acaeoea,
onoaiiaeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiiai aniaeoa nenoaiu (I) e iniiaaiiiai ia
oee?eoee?othuae a nenoaia e a ie?oaeathuae aa n?aaea eioi?iaoeee
oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie (N). Aiai?y ia yoie a?oiia iaoiaeieiae/aneeo
o?aaiaaiee nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea, iu oaeaea oioei iiae/a?eiooue
i?eiaieoaeueii e iei aaeeinoai aiaeeoe/aneeo (i?e enneaaeiaaiee
acaeiiioiioaiee nenoaiu e aa N?aaeu, i?e onoaiiaeaiee eioi?iaoeeiiiuo
iioieia a nenoaia e o.i.) e neioaoe/aneeo (aeaaiui ia?acii i?e
?anniio?aiee oeaeae nenoaiu e oi?aaeaiey ath) iaoiaeia. Nouanoaaiiui
oaeaea yaeyaony aaeeinoai aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo (caaeaaaaiuo a iniiaiii
oeaeyie nenoaiu) noeioeia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey nenoaiu – a yoii
i?iyaeyaony iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo oeeinioneeo oa?aeoa?enoee i?eioeeia
nenoaiiinoe, ii?aaeaeythuay enoi/ieeii ?acaeoey nenoai eo
naiiaeaeaeaiea.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?anniio?aiiay iaoiaeieiae/aneay no?oeoo?a nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea au?aaeaao nouanoaaiiua eiiiiiaiou oeeinioneiai i?eioeeia
nenoaiiinoe, a eiaiii eo ?acaeoey e aaeeinoai aiaeeca e neioaca i?e
enneaaeiaaiee nenoai. I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi yoa noaia iiaeao auoue
iieaciui iaoiaeieiae/aneei i?eaioe?ii i?e i?iaaaeaiee eiie?aoiuo
nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee.
EEOA?AOO?A
[1] E. Ia?en, O. Yiaaeuen Ni/. 2-a ecae. oo. 1, 20, 23, 25. /. II, 42,
46, /. I, 46. /. II
[2] A.E. ?aeeoia “Oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu iaoee: Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae”
Iineaa: Iuneue, 1977a. 270n.
[3] A.I. Naaeianeee “Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae e iauay oai?ey nenoai: noaoon,
iniiaiua i?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey”
Iineaa: Iaoea, 1980a.
[4] Nenoaiiua enneaaeiaaiey. Aaeaaiaeiee. Iineaa: Iaoea, 1969-1983.
[5] Oeeinionei-iaoiaeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey oaoie/aneeo iaoe.-
Aii?inu oeeinioee, 1981, ?10, n. 172-180.
[6] E.A. Aeaoaa?a, A.I. Naaeianeee, Y.A. THaeei “Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae a
nia?aiaiiie iaoea”- A ei.: I?iaeaiu iaoiaeieiaee
nenoaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee. I.: Iuneue, 1970, n. 7-48.
[7] E.A. Aeaoaa?a, A.I. Naaeianeee, Y.A. THaeei “Oeeinioneee i?eioeei
nenoaiiinoe e nenoaiiue iiaeoiae”-Aii?. oeeinioee,
1978, ?8, n. 39-52.
[8] A.I. Uaae?iaeoeeee “I?eioeeiu e iauay noaia iaoiaeieiae/aneie
i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iuo enneaaeiaaiee
e ?ac?aaioie”- I.: Iaoea, 1981, n. 193-227.
[9] A.A. Eaeoi?neee, A.I. Naaeianeee “I i?eioeeiao enneaaeiaaiey nenoai
(a nayce n “iauae oai?eae nenoai” E. Aa?oaeaioe)”-
Aii?. oeeinioee, 1960, ?8, n. 67-79.
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