EACAINEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OIEAA?NEOAO
EAOAAe?A OEEINIOEE
?AOA?AO II OAIA
«Oeeinioneea aniaeou iiaeaee?iaaiey eae iaoiaea iiciaiey
ie?oaeathuaai ie?a»
Auiieiee
Eacaiue 1998
Niaea?aeaiea
TOC \o “1-3” Aaaaeaiea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355264 PAGEREF
_Toc442355264 1
1. Oeeinioneea aniaeou iiaeaee?iaaiey eae iaoiaea iiciaiey ie?oaeathuaai
ie?a GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355265 PAGEREF _Toc442355265 1
1.1. Aiinaieiae/aneay niaoeeoeea iiaeaee e aa ii?aaeaeaiea. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc442355266 PAGEREF _Toc442355266 1
1.2. Eeanneoeeaoeey iiaeaeae e aeaeu iiaeaee?iaaiey. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc442355267 PAGEREF _Toc442355267 1
1.3. Iniiaiua ooieoeee iiaeaeae. GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355268 PAGEREF
_Toc442355268 1
1.3.1. Iiaeaee?iaaiea eae n?aaenoai yenia?eiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355269 PAGEREF _Toc442355269 1
1.3.2. Iiaeaee?iaaiea e i?iaeaia enoeiu. GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355270
PAGEREF _Toc442355270 1
2. I?eiaiaiea iiaeaee?iaaiey a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo /aeiaa/aneiai ciaiey e
aeayoaeueiinoe GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355271 PAGEREF _Toc442355271 1
2.1. Iiaeaee?iaaiea a aeieiaee GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355272 PAGEREF
_Toc442355272 1
2.2. I eeaa?iaoe/aneii iiaeaee?iaaiee e iiaeaee?iaaiee iuneeoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355273 PAGEREF
_Toc442355273 1
2.2.1. Iniaaiiinoe eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc442355274 PAGEREF _Toc442355274 1
2.2.2. Iiaeaee?iaaiea iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc442355275 PAGEREF _Toc442355275 1
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u GOTOBUTTON _Toc442355276 PAGEREF _Toc442355276 1
Aaaaeaiea.
?anoouee eioa?an oeeinioee e iaoiaeieiaee iiciaiey e oaia iiaeaee?iaaiey
aue aucaai oai cia/aieai, eioi?ia iaoiae iiaeaee?iaaiey iieo/ee a
nia?aiaiiie iaoea, e a iniaaiiinoe a oaeeo aa ?acaeaeao, eae oeceea,
oeiey, aeieiaey, eeaa?iaoeea, ia aiai?y oaea i iiiaeo oaoie/aneeo
iaoeao.
Iaeiaei iiaeaee?iaaiea eae niaoeeoe/aneia n?aaenoai e oi?ia iao/iiai
iiciaiey ia yaeyaony ecia?aoaieai 19 eee 20 aaea. Aeinoaoi/ii oeacaoue
ia i?aaenoaaeaiey Aeaiie?eoa e Yieeo?a ia aoiiao, eo oi?ia, e niiniaao
niaaeeiaiey, ia aoiiiuo aeo?yo e eeaiyo, iauyniaiey oece/aneeo naienoa
?acee/iuo aauanoa n iiiiuueth i?aaenoaaeaiey i e?oaeuo e aeaaeeeo eee
e?th/eiaaouo /anoeoeao, noeai eaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie. Yoe i?aaenoaaeaiey
yaeythony i?iia?acaie nia?aiaiiuo iiaeaeae, io?aaeathueo
yaea?ii-yeaeo?iiiia no?iaiea aoiia aauanoaa.
20 aae i?eian iaoiaeo iiaeaee?iaaiey iiaua oniaoe, ii iaeiia?aiaiii
iinoaaee aai ia?aae na?ueaciuie eniuoaieyie. N iaeiie noi?iiu,
eeaa?iaoeea iaia?oaeeea iiaua aiciiaeiinoe e ia?niaeoeau yoiai iaoiaea a
?ane?uoee iaueo caeiiiia?iinoae e no?oeoo?iuo iniaaiiinoae nenoai
?acee/iie oece/aneie i?e?iaeu. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, oai?ey
ioiineoaeueiinoe e a iniaaiiinoe, eaaioiaay iaoaieea, oeacaee ia
iaaaniethoiue, ioiineoaeueiue oa?aeoa? iaoaie/aneeo iiaeaeae, ia
o?oaeiinoe, naycaiiua n iiaeaee?iaaieai.
1. Oeeinioneea aniaeou iiaeaee?iaaiey eae iaoiaea iiciaiey ie?oaeathuaai
ie?a
1.1. Aiinaieiae/aneay niaoeeoeea iiaeaee e aa ii?aaeaeaiea.
Neiai “iiaeaeue” i?iecioei io eaoeineiai neiaa “modelium”, icia/aao:
ia?a, niinia e o.ae. Aai ia?aiia/aeueiia cia/aiea auei naycaii ni
no?ieoaeueiui eneonnoaii, e ii/oe ai anao aa?iiaeneeo ycueao iii
oiio?aaeyeinue aeey iaicia/aiey ia?aca eee aaue, noiaeiie a eaeii-oi
ioiioaiee n ae?oaie aauueth” (11,n7). Ii iiaieth iiiaeo aaoi?ia
(4,6,11), iiaeaeue eniieueciaaeanue ia?aiia/aeueii eae eciii?oiay oai?ey
(aeaa oai?ee iacuaathony eciii?oiuie, anee iie iaeaaeatho no?oeoo?iui
iiaeiaeai ii ioiioaieth ae?oa e ae?oao).
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, a oaeeo iaoeao i i?e?iaea, eae ano?iiiiey, iaoaieea,
oeceea oa?iei “iiaeaeue” noae i?eiaiyoueny aeey iaicia/aiey oiai, /oi
iia iienuaaao. A. A. Ooioo ioia/aao, /oi “caeanue ni neiaii “iiaeaeue”
naycaiu aeaa aeeceeo, ii ianeieueei ?acee/iuo iiiyoey” (11,n8). Iiae
iiaeaeueth a oe?ieii niunea iiieiatho iuneaiii eee i?aeoe/anee
nicaeaiioth no?oeoo?o, aini?iecaiaeyuoth /anoue aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a
oi?iuaiiie e iaaeyaeiie oi?ia. Oaeiau, a /anoiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiey
Aiaeneiaiae?a i Caiea eae ieineii oeeeeiae?a, aie?oa eioi?iai a?auathony
iaiieiaiiua iaiai iieua o?oaee n ioaa?noeyie. Iiaeaeue a yoii niunea
aunooiaao eae iaeioi?ay eaeaaeecaoeey, oi?iuaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe,
oioy nai oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue oi?iuaiey, aiineiua iiaeaeueth, iiaoo ni
a?aiaiai iaiyoueny. A aieaa oceii niunea oa?iei “iiaeaeue” i?eiaiytho
oiaaea, eiaaea oioyo ecia?aceoue iaeioi?oth iaeanoue yaeaiee n iiiiuueth
ae?oaie, aieaa eco/aiiie, eaa/a iiieiaaiie. Oae, oeceee 18 aaea
iuoaeenue ecia?aceoue iioe/aneea e yeaeo?e/aneea yaeaiey iin?aaenoaii
iaoaie/aneeo (“ieaiaoa?iay iiaeaeue aoiia” – no?iaiea aoiia
ecia?aaeaeinue eae no?iaiea nieia/iie nenoaiu). Oaeei ia?acii, a yoeo
aeaoo neo/ayo iiae iiaeaeueth iiieiaaony eeai eiie?aoiue ia?ac
eco/aaiiai iauaeoa, a eioi?ii ioia?aaeathony ?aaeueiua eee
i?aaeiieaaaaiua naienoaa, eeai ae?oaie iauaeo, ?aaeueii nouanoaothuee
ia?yaeo n eco/aaiui e noiaeiue n iei a ioiioaiee iaeioi?uo ii?aaeaeaiiuo
naienoa eee no?oeoo?iuo iniaaiiinoae. A yoii niunea iiaeaeue – ia
oai?ey, a oi, /oi iienuaaaony aeaiiie oai?eae – naiaia?aciue i?aaeiao
aeaiiie oai?ee.
Ai iiiaeo aeeneonneyo, iinayuaiiuo aiinaieiae/aneie ?iee e
iaoiaeieiae/aneiio cia/aieth iiaeaee?iaaiey, yoio oa?iei oiio?aaeyeny
eae neiiiei iiciaiey, oai?ee, aeiioacu e o.i. Iai?eia?, /anoi iiaeaeue
oiio?aaeyaony eae neiiiei oai?ee a neo/aa, eiaaea oai?ey aua
iaaeinoaoi/ii ?ac?aaioaia, a iae iaei aeaaeoeoeaiuo oaaia, iiiai
iayniinoae. Eiiaaea yoio oa?iei oiio?aaeytho a ea/anoaa neiiieia ethaie
eiee/anoaaiiie oai?ee, iaoaiaoe/aneiai iienaiey. Ianinoiyoaeueiinoue
oaeiai oiio?aaeaiey n aiinaieiae/aneie oi/ee c?aiey, ii iiaieth A.A.
IIIoiooa, a oii, “/oi oaeia neiaioiio?aaeaiea ia aucuaaao ieeaeeo iiauo
aiinaieiae/aneeo i?iaeai, eioi?ua auee au niaoeeoe/iu aeey iiaeaeae” (11
n10).Nouanoaaiiui i?eciaeii, ioee/athuei iiaeaeue io oai?ee (ii neiaai
E.O. O?ieiaa) (9 n122) yaeyaony ia o?iaaiue oi?iuaiey, ia noaiaiue
aano?aeoeee, e neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia eiee/anoai yoeo aeinoeaioouo
aano?aeoeee e ioaea/aiee, a niinia au?aaeaiey yoeo aano?aeoeee,
oi?iuaiee e ioaea/aiee, oa?aeoa?iue aeey iiaeaee.
A oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?a, iinayuaiiie aii?inai iiaeaee?iaaiey,
i?aaeeaaathony ?acee/iua ii?aaeaeaiey iiaeaee. A.A. Ceiiaueaa e E.E.
Paacei aeatho neaaeothuaa ii?aaeaeaiea: “Ionoue X anoue iaeioi?ia
iiiaeanoai noaeaeaiee, iienuaathueo niioiioaiea yeaiaioia iaeioi?uo
neiaeiuo iauaeoia A e A. Ionoue Y anoue iaeioi?ia iiiaeanoai noaeaeaiee,
iieo/aaiuo iooai eco/aiey A e ioee/iuo io noaeaeaiey O. Ionoue anoue
iaeioi?ia iiiaeanoai noaeaeaiee, ioiinyueony e A e oaeaea ioee/iuo io O.
Anee auaiaeeony ec eiiuthieoeee O e Y ii i?aaeeai eiaeee, oi A anoue
iiaeaeue A, a A anoue i?eaeiae iiaeaee.” (2 n15) Caeanue iiaeaeue –
eeoue n?aaenoai iieo/aiey ciaiee, a ia naie ciaiey, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ec
?anniio?aiey auiaaeatho eaeaaeueiua iiaeaee (iuneaiiua), o.e. eo
cia/aiea a ea/anoaa yeaiaioia ciaiey ?aaeueiuo iauaeoia io?eoeaoue
iaeuecy. Ii?aaeaeaiea E.O. Opieiaa: «Iiaeaee?iaaiea icia/aao
iaoa?eaeueiia eee iuneaiiia eieoe?iaaiea ?aaeueii nouanoaothuae nenoaiu
iooai niaoeeaeueiiai eiino?oe?iaaiey aiaeiaia (iiaeaeae), a eioi?uo
aini?iecaiaeyony i?eioeeiu i?aaiecaoeee e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey yoie
nenoaiu”.(9 n20) Caeanue a iniiaa iuneue, /oi iiaeaeue – n?aaenoai
iiciaiey, aeaaiue aa i?eciae – ioia?aaeaiea. Ia iie acaeyae, iaeaieaa
iieiia ii?aaeaeaiea iiiyoey “iiaeaeue» aeaao A.A. IIIoioo a naiae eieaa
“Iiaeaee?iaaiea e oeeinioey”: “Iiae iiaeaeueth iiieiaaony oaeay iuneaiii
i?aaenoaaeyaiay eee iaoa?eaeueii ?aaeecoaiay nenoaia, eioi?ay ioia?aaeay
eee aini?iecaiaey iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey, niiniaia caiauaoue aai oae, /oi
aa eco/aiea aeaao iai iiaoth eioi?iaoeeth ia yoii iauaeoa”.(11 n22).
I?e aeaeueiaeoai ?anniio?aiee iiaeaeae e i?ioeanna iiaeaee?iaaiey aoaeai
enoiaeeoue ec oiai, /oi iauei naienoaii anao iiaeaeae yaeyaony eo
niiniaiinoue ioia?aaeaoue aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue. A caaeneiinoe io oiai,
eaeeie n?aaenoaaie, i?e eaeeo oneiaeyo, ii ioiioaieth e eaeei iauaeoai
iiciaiey yoi eo iauaa naienoai ?aaeecoaony, aicieeaao aieueoia
?aciiia?acea iiaeaeae, a aianoa n iei e i?iaeaia eeanneoeeaoeee
iiaeaeae.
1.2. Eeanneoeeaoeey iiaeaeae e aeaeu iiaeaee?iaaiey.
A eeoa?aoo?a, iinayuaiiie oeeinioneei aniaeoai iiaeaee?iaaiey,
i?aaenoaaeaiu ?acee/iua eeanneoeeaoeeiiiua i?eciaee, ii eioi?ui
auaeaeaiu ?acee/iua oeiu iiaeaeae. Iai?eia?, a (11 n23) iacuaathony
oaeea i?eciaee, eae:
Niinia iino?iaiey (oi?ia iiaeaee);
Ea/anoaaiiay niaoeeoeea (niaea?aeaiea iiaeaee).
Ii niiniao iino?iaiey iiaeaee auaatho iaoa?eaeueiua e eaeaaeueiua.
Inoaiiaeiny ia a?oiia iaoa?eaeueiuo iiaeaeae. Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi yoe
iiaeaee nicaeaiu /aeiaaeii, ii iie nouanoaotho iauaeoeaii. Eo iacia/aiea
niaoeeoe/aneia – io?aceoue i?ino?ainoaaiiua naienoaa, aeeiaieeo
eco/aaiuo i?ioeannia, caaeneiinoe e nayce. Iaoa?eaeueiua iiaeaee
niaaeeiaiu n iauaeoaie ioiioaieai aiaeiaee.
Iaoa?eaeueiua iiaeaee ia?ac?uaii naycaiu n aiia?aaeaaiuie (aeaaea,
i?aaeaea, /ai /oi-eeai iino?ieoue – nia/aea oai?aoe/aneia
i?aaenoaaeaiea, iainiiaaiea). Yoe iiaeaee inoathony iuneaiiuie aeaaea a
oii neo/aa, anee iie aiieiuaiu a eaeie-eeai iaoa?eaeueiie oi?ia.
Aieueoeinoai yoeo iiaeaeae ia i?aoaiaeoao ia iaoa?eaeueiia aiieiuaiea.
Ii oi?ia iie iiaoo auoue:
ia?aciua, iino?iaiiua ec /oanoaaiii iaaeyaeiuo yeaiaioia;
ciaeiaua, a yoeo iiaeaeyo yeaiaiou ioiioaiey e naienoaa iiaeaee?oaiuo
yaeaiee au?aaeaiu i?e iiiiue ii?aaeaeaiiuo ciaeia;
niaoaiiua, ni/aoathuea naienoaa e ia?aciuo, e ciaeiauo iiaeaeae.
Aeinoieinoaa aeaiiie eeanneoeeaoeee a oii, /oi iia aeaao oi?iooth iniiao
aeey aiaeeca aeaoo iniiaiuo ooieoeee iiaeaee:
i?aeoe/aneie (a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa iao/iiai yenia?eiaioa)
oai?aoe/aneie (a ea/anoaa niaoeeoe/aneiai ia?aca aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, a
eioi?ii niaea?aeaony yeaiaiou eiae/aneiai e /oanoaaiiiai, aano?aeoiiai e
eiie?aoiiai, iauaai e aaeeie/iiai).
Ae?oaay eeanneoeeaoeey anoue o A.A. Aeeineiai a aai eieaa
“Iiaeaee?iaaiea eae iaoiae iao/iiai enneaaeiaaiey”, aaea ia?yaeo n
iau/iui aeaeaieai iiaeaeae ii niiniao eo ?aaeecaoeee, iie aeaeyony e ii
oa?aeoa?o aini?iecaaaeaiey noi?ii i?eaeiaea:
noanoaioeeiiaeueiua no?oeoo?iua ooieoeeiiaeueiua niaoaiiua
Oaia?ue ia?aeaeai e ?anniio?aieth aii?inia, naycaiiuo iaiin?aaenoaaiii n
naiei iiaeaee?iaaieai. “Iiaeaee?iaaiea – iaoiae enneaaeiaaiey iauaeoia
iiciaiey ia eo iiaeaeyo; iino?iaiea e eco/aiea iiaeaeae ?aaeueii
nouanoaothueo i?aaeiaoia e yaeaiee (i?aaie/aneeo e iai?aaie/aneeo
nenoai, eiaeaia?iuo ono?ienoa, ?aciiia?aciuo i?ioeannia – oece/aneeo,
oeie/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo) e eiino?oe?oaiuo iauaeoia aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey eeai oeo/oaiey eo oa?aeoa?enoee, ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee niiniaia
eo iino?iaiey, oi?aaeaiey e o.i.” (12 n421). Iiaeaee?iaaiea iiaeao
auoue:
i?aaeiaoiui ( enneaaeiaaiea iniiaiuo aaiiao?e/aneeo, aeeiaie/aneeo,
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo oa?aeoa?enoee iauaeoa ia iiaeaee);
oece/aneia (aini?iecaaaeaiea oece/aneeo i?ioeannia);
i?aaeiaoii – iaoaiaoe/aneia ( enneaaeiaaiea oece/aneiai i?ioeanna iooai
iiuoiiai eco/aiey eaeeo-eeai yaeaiee eiie oece/aneie i?e?iaeu, ii
iienuaaaiuo oaie aea iaoaiaoe/aneeie niioiioaieyie, /oi e iiaeaee?oaiue
i?ioeann);
ciaeiaia (?an/aoiia iiaeaee?iaaiea, aano?aeoii – iaoaiaoe/aneia).
I?aaeaea /ai ia?aoiaeeoue e aii?inai i?eiaiaiey iiaeaee?iaaiey,
?anniio?ei iniiaiua ooieoeee iiaeaeae.
1.3. Iniiaiua ooieoeee iiaeaeae.
1.3.1. Iiaeaee?iaaiea eae n?aaenoai yenia?eiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey.
?anniio?aiea iaoa?eaeueiuo iiaeaeae a ea/anoaa i?oaeee
yenia?eiaioaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe aucuaaao iio?aaiinoue auynieoue, /ai
ioee/athony oa yenia?eiaiou, a eioi?uo eniieuecothony iiaeaee, io oao,
aaea iie ia i?eiaiythony. I?aa?auaiea yenia?eiaioa a iaeio ec iniiaiuo
oi?i i?aeoeee, i?ienoiaeeaoaa ia?aeeaeueii n ?acaeoeai iaoee, noaei
oaeoii n oao ii?, eae a i?iecaiaenoaa naeaeaeinue aiciiaeiui oe?ieia
i?eiaiaiea anoanoaiciaiey, /oi a naith i/a?aaeue auei ?acoeueoaoii
ia?aie i?iiuoeaiiie ?aaiethoeee, ioe?uaoae yiioo iaoeiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa. Niaoeeoeea yenia?eiaioa eae oi?iu i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe a oii, /oi yenia?eiaio au?aaeaao aeoeaiia ioiioaiea
/aeiaaea e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. A neeo yoiai, a ia?enenoneie aiinaieiaee
i?iaiaeeony /aoeia ?acee/ea iaaeaeo yenia?eiaioii e iao/iui iiciaieai.
Oioy anyeee yenia?eiaio aeeth/aao e iaaethaeaiea eae iaiaoiaeeioth
noaaeeth enneaaeiaaiey. Iaeiaei a yenia?eiaioa iiieii iaaethaeaiey
niaea?aeeony e oaeie nouanoaaiiue aeey ?aaiethoeeiiiie i?aeoeee i?eciae
eae aeoeaiia aiaoaoaeuenoai a oiae eco/aaiiai i?ioeanna. “Iiae
yenia?eiaioii iiieiaaony aeae aeayoaeueiinoe, i?aaei?eieiaaiie a oeaeyo
iao/iiai iiciaiey, ioe?uoey iauaeoeaiuo caeiiiia?iinoae e ninoiyuee a
aicaeaenoaee ia eco/aaiue iauaeo (i?ioeann) iin?aaenoaii niaoeeaeueiuo
eino?oiaioia e i?eai?ia.”(11 n301)
Nouanoaoao iniaay oi?ia yenia?eiaioa, aeey eioi?ie oa?aeoa?ii
eniieueciaaiea aeaenoaothueo iaoa?eaeueiuo iiaeaeae a ea/anoaa
niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa yenia?eiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey. Oaeay oi?ia
iacuaaaony iiaeaeueiui yenia?eiaioii. A ioee/ea io iau/iiai
yenia?eiaioa, aaea n?aaenoaa yenia?eiaioa oae eee eia/a
acaeiiaeaenoaotho n iauaeoii enneaaeiaaiey, caeanue acaeiiaeaenoaey iao,
oae eae yenia?eiaioe?otho ia n naiei iauaeoii, a n aai caianoeoaeai. I?e
yoii iauaeo-caianoeoaeue e yenia?eiaioaeueiay onoaiiaea iauaaeeiythony,
neeaathony a aeaenoaothuae iiaeaee a iaeii oeaeia. Oaeei ia?acii,
iaia?oaeeaaaony aeaiyeay ?ieue, eioi?oth iiaeaeue auiieiyao a
yenia?eiaioa: iia iaeiia?aiaiii yaeyaony e iauaeoii eco/aiey e
yenia?eiaioaeueiui n?aaenoaii. Aeey iiaeaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa, ii
iiaieth ?yaea aaoi?ia (11,19,2), oa?aeoa?iu neaaeothuea iniiaiua
iia?aoeee:
ia?aoiae io iaoo?aeueiiai iauaeoa e iiaeaee – iino?iaiea iiaeaee
(iiaeaee?iaaiea a nianoaaiiii niunea neiaa);
yenia?eiaioaeueiia enneaaeiaaiea iiaeaee;
ia?aoiae io iiaeaee e iaoo?aeueiiio iauaeoo, ninoiyuee a ia?aianaiee
?acoeueoaoia, iieo/aiiuo i?e enneaaeiaaiee, ia yoio iauaeo.
Iiaeaeue aoiaeeo a yenia?eiaio, ia oieueei caiauay iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey,
iia iiaeao caiauaoue e oneiaey, a eioi?uo eco/aaony iaeioi?ue iauaeo
iau/iiai yenia?eiaioa. Iau/iue yenia?eiaio i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea
oai?aoe/aneiai iiiaioa eeoue a ia/aeueiue iiiaio enneaaeiaaiey –
auaeaeaeaiea aeiioacu, aa ioeaieo e o.ae., a oaeaea ia caaa?oathuae
noaaeee – ianoaeaeaiea e eioa?i?aoaoeey iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo, eo
iaiauaiea. A iiaeaeueiii yenia?eiaioa iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea iainiiaaoue
ioiioaiea iiaeiaey iaaeaeo iiaeaeueth e iaoo?aeueiui iauaeoii e
aiciiaeiinoue yeno?aiiee?iaaoue ia yoio iauaeo iieo/aiiua aeaiiua.
A.A.IIIoioo a naiae eieaa “Iiaeaee?iaaiea e oeeinioey” aiai?eo i oii,
/oi oai?aoe/aneie iniiaie iiaeaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa, aeaaiui ia?acii a
iaeanoe oece/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey, yaeyaony oai?ey iiaeiaey. Iia aeaao
i?aaeea iiaeaee?iaaiey aeey neo/aaa, eiaaea iiaeaeue e iaoo?a iaeaaeatho
iaeeiaeiaie (eee ii/oe iaeeiaeiaie) oece/aneie i?e?iaeie (11 n31). Ii a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aeoeea iiaeaee?iaaiey auoea ca i?aaeaeu n?aaieoaeueii
ia?aie/aiiiai e?oaa iaoaie/aneeo yaeaiee. Aicieeathuea iaoaiaoe/aneea
iiaeaee, eioi?ua ioee/athony ii naiae oece/aneie i?e?iaea io
iiaeaee?oaiiai iauaeoa, iicaieeee i?aiaeieaoue ia?aie/aiiua aiciiaeiinoe
oece/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey. I?e iaoaiaoe/aneii iiaeaee?iaaiee iniiaie
niioiioaiey iiaeaeue – iaoo?a yaeyaony oaeia iaiauaiea oai?ee iiaeiaey,
eioi?ia o/eouaaao ea/anoaaiioth ?acii?iaeiinoue iiaeaee e iauaeoa,
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue eo ?aciui oi?iai aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee. Oaeia iaiauaiea
i?eieiaao oi?io aieaa aano?aeoiie oai?ee eciii?oecia nenoai
1.3.2. Iiaeaee?iaaiea e i?iaeaia enoeiu.
Eioa?anai aii?in i oii, eaeoth ?ieue ea?aao naii iiaeaee?iaaiea, a
i?ioeanna aeieacaoaeuenoaa enoeiiinoe e iieneia enoeiiiai ciaiey. *oi
aea neaaeoao iiieiaoue iiae enoeiiinoueth iiaeaee? Anee enoeiiinoue
aiiaua – “niioiioaiea iaoeo ciaiee iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe”(11
n178), oi enoeiiinoue iiaeaee icia/aao niioaaonoaea iiaeaee iauaeoo, a
eiaeiinoue iiaeaee – ionoonoaea oaeiai niioaaonoaey. Oaeia ii?aaeaeaiea
yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui, ii iaaeinoaoi/iui. O?aaothony aeaeueiaeoea
ooi/iaiey, iniiaaiiua ia i?eiyoea ai aieiaiea oneiaee, ia iniiaa eioi?uo
iiaeaeue oiai eee eiiai oeia aini?iecaiaeeo eco/aaiia yaeaiea. Iai?eia?,
oneiaey noiaenoaa iiaeaee e iauaeoa a iaoaiaoe/aneii iiaeaee?iaaiee,
iniiaaiiii ia oece/aneeo aiaeiaeyo, i?aaeiieaaathueo i?e ?acee/ee
oece/aneeo i?ioeannia a iiaeaee e iauaeoa oiaeaeanoai iaoaiaoe/aneie
oi?iu, a eioi?ie au?aaeathony eo iauea caeiiiia?iinoe, yaeythony aieaa
iaueie, aieaa aano?aeoiuie. Oaeei ia?acii, i?e iino?iaiee oao eee eiuo
iiaeaeae anaaaea niciaoaeueii ioaeaeathony io iaeioi?uo noi?ii, naienoa
e aeaaea ioiioaiee, a neeo /aai, caaaaeiii aeiioneaaony ianio?aiaiea
noiaenoaa iaaeaeo iiaeaeueth e i?eaeiaeii ii ?yaeo ia?aiao?ia. Oae
ieaiaoa?iay iiaeaeue aoiia ?aca?oi?aea ieacaeanue enoeiiie a ?aieao
enneaaeiaaiey yeaeo?iiiie no?oeoo?u aoiia, a iiaeaeue Aeae. Aeae.
Oiiiniia ieacaeanue eiaeiie, oae eae aa no?oeoo?a ia niaiaaeaea n
yeaeo?iiiie no?oeoo?ie. Enoeiiinoue – naienoai ciaiey, a iauaeou
iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a ia enoeiiu, iaeiaeiu, i?inoi nouanoaotho. A iiaeaee
?aaeeciaaiu aeaiyeiai ?iaea ciaiey:
ciaiea naiie iiaeaee (aa no?oeoo?u, i?ioeannia, ooieoeee) eae nenoaiu,
nicaeaiiie n oeaeueth aini?iecaaaeaiey iaeioi?iai iauaeoa;
oai?aoe/aneea ciaiey, iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo iiaeaeue auea iino?iaia.
Eiay a aeaeo eiaiii oai?aoe/aneea niia?aaeaiey e iaoiaeu, eaaeauea a
iniiaa iino?iaiey iiaeaee, iiaeii noaaeoue aii?inu i oii, ia neieueei
aa?ii aeaiiay iiaeaeue io?aaeaao iauaeo e ianeieueei iieii iia aai
io?aaeaao. A oaeii neo/aa aicieeaao iuneue i n?aaieiinoe ethaiai
nicaeaiiiai /aeiaaeii i?aaeiaoa n aiaeiae/iuie i?e?iaeiuie iauaeoaie e
ia enoeiiinoe yoiai i?aaeiaoa. Ii yoi eiaao niune eeoue a oii neo/aa,
anee iiaeiaiua i?aaeiaou nicaeathony ni niaoeeaeueiie oeaeueth
ecia?aceoue, neiie?iaaoue, aini?iecaanoe ii?aaeaeaiiua /a?ou
anoanoaaiiiai i?aaeiaoa. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii aiai?eoue i oii,
enoeiiinoue i?enoua iaoa?eaeueiui iiaeaeyi:
a neeo nayce eo n ii?aaeaeaiiuie ciaieyie;
a neeo iaee/ey (eee ionoonoaey) eciii?oecia aa no?oeoo?u ni no?oeoo?ie
iiaeaee?oaiiai i?ioeanna eee yaeaiey;
a neeo ioiioaiey iiaeaee e iiaeaee?oaiiio iauaeoo, eioi?ia aeaeaao aa
/anoueth iiciaaaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna e iicaieyao ?aoaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua
iiciaaaoaeueiua caaea/e.
“E a yoii ioiioaiee iaoa?eaeueiay iiaeaeue yaeyaony aiinaieiae/anee
aoi?e/iie, aunooiaao eae yeaiaio aiinaieiae/aneiai io?aaeaiey”(11 n180).
Iiaeaeue iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue ia oieueei eae i?oaeea i?iaa?ee oiai,
aeaenoaeoaeueii ee nouanoaotho oaeea nayce, ioiioaiey, no?oeoo?u,
caeiiiia?iinoe, eioi?ua oi?ioee?othony a aeaiiie oai?ee e auiieiythony a
iiaeaee. Oniaoiay ?aaioa iiaeaee anoue i?aeoe/aneia aeieacaoaeuenoai
enoeiiinoe oai?ee, oi anoue yoi /anoue yenia?eiaioaeueiiai
aeieacaoaeuenoaa enoeiiinoe yoie oai?ee.
Oaia?ue, eiaaea auee ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua oai?aoe/aneea aniaeou iiaeaeae
e iiaeaee?iaaiey, iiaeii ia?aeoe e ?anniio?aieth eiie?aoiuo i?eia?ia
oe?ieiai i?eiaiaiey iiaeaee?iaaiey, eae n?aaenoaa iiciaiey a ?acee/iuo
iaeanoyo /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
2. I?eiaiaiea iiaeaee?iaaiey a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo /aeiaa/aneiai ciaiey e
aeayoaeueiinoe
2.1. Iiaeaee?iaaiea a aeieiaee
Iaoiae iiaeaee?iaaiey a aeieiaee yaeyaony n?aaenoaii, iicaieythuei
onoaiaaeeaaoue ana aieaa aeoaieea e neiaeiua acaeiinayce iaaeaeo
aeieiae/aneie oai?eae e iiuoii. A iineaaeiaa noieaoea yenia?eiaioaeueiue
iaoiae a aeieiaee ia/ae iaoaeeeaaoueny ia ii?aaeaeaiiua a?aieoeu, e
auynieeinue, /oi oeaeue ?yae enneaaeiaaiee iaaiciiaeai aac
iiaeaee?iaaiey. Anee inoaiiaeoueny ia iaeioi?uo i?eia?ao ia?aie/aiee
iaeanoe i?eiaiaiey yenia?eiaioa, oi iie aoaeoo a iniiaiii neaaeothueie:
(10 n15)
yenia?eiaiou iiaoo i?iaiaeeoueny eeoue ia iuia nouanoaothueo iauaeoao
(iaaiciiaeiinoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey yenia?eiaioa a iaeanoue i?ioeiai);
aiaoaoaeuenoai a aeieiae/aneea nenoaiu eiiaaea eiaao oaeie oa?aeoa?, /oi
iaaiciiaeii onoaiiaeoue i?e/eiu iiyaeaoeony eciaiaiee (aneaaenoaea
aiaoaoaeuenoaa eee ii ae?oaei i?e/eiai);
iaeioi?ua oai?aoe/anee aiciiaeiua yenia?eiaiou iainouanoaeiu aneaaenoaea
ieceiai o?iaiy ?acaeoey yenia?eiaioaeueiie oaoieee;
aieueooth a?oiio yenia?eiaioia, naycaiiuo n yenia?eiaioe?iaaieai ia
/aeiaaea, neaaeoao ioeeiieoue ii ii?aeueii – yoe/aneei niia?aaeaieyi.
Ii iiaeaee?iaaiea iaoiaeeo oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea a iaeanoe aeieiaee ia
oieueei ec-ca oiai, /oi iiaeao caiaieoue yenia?eiaio. Iii eiaao aieueoia
naiinoiyoaeueiia cia/aiea, eioi?ia au?aaeaaony, ii iiaieth ?yaea aaoi?ia
(1,4,10), a oeaeii ?yaea i?aeiouanoa:
N iiiiuueth iaoiaea iiaeaee?iaaiey ia iaeiii eiiieaena aeaiiuo iiaeii
?ac?aaioaoue oeaeue ?yae ?acee/iuo iiaeaeae, ii-?aciiio
eioa?i?aoe?iaaoue enneaaeoaiia yaeaiea, e aua?aoue iaeaieaa
ieiaeioai?ioth ec ieo aeey oai?aoe/aneiai enoieeiaaiey;
A i?ioeanna iino?iaiey iiaeaee iiaeii naeaeaoue ?acee/iua aeiiieiaiey e
enneaaeoaiie aeiioaca e iieo/eoue aa oi?iuaiea;
A neo/aa neiaeiuo iaoaiaoe/aneeo iiaeaeae iiaeii i?eiaiyoue YAI;
ioe?uaaaony aiciiaeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey iiaeaeueiuo yenia?eiaioia (neioac
aieiieeneio ii Ieeea?o) (10 n152).
Ana yoi ynii iieacuaaao, /oi iiaeaee?iaaiea auiieiyao a aeieiaee
naiinoiyoaeueiua ooieoeee e noaiiaeony ana aieaa iaiaoiaeeiie nooiaiueth
a i?ioeanna nicaeaiey oai?ee. Iaeiaei iiaeaee?iaaiea nio?aiyao naia
ya?enoe/aneia cia/aiea oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea o/eouaathony a?aieoeu
i?eiaiaiey anyeie iiaeaee. Iniaaiii au?aceoaeueii yoi iieacaii P.N.
Ea?ieineie (7 n54) ia iiaeaee ieieiaeueiie eeaoee. Yoa iiaeaeue aicieeea
eae ?acoeueoao iiciaiey aeioeie/aneie oieaa?naeueiinoe aeecie e eiaao
iaoiaeieiae/aneia cia/aiea aeey iiaeaee?iaaiey iniiaiuo aa
caeiiiia?iinoae. Ieieiaeueiay eeaoea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiaeaeue
iniiaiie aaeeieoeu aeecie e ioaaouaaao eeoue iaia?aiioth,
?ai?iaeoeoeeiiioth nenoaiu e nenoaio niaaaeaiey yia?aeae. Oaeei ia?acii,
caaea/a ninoieo a oii, /oiau n aa iiiiuueth aini?iecaanoe iaeaieaa iauea
aeeciaiiua no?oeoo?u. E oioy i?e yoii inoaaony iao/oaiiui aniaeo
?acaeoey, iiaeaeue ieieiaeueiie eeaoee eiaao ia?iiiia cia/aiea aeey
aeieacaoaeuenoaa aaeeinoaa i?aaie/aneiai ie?a. Iaeiaei yoa iiaeaeue ia
auoiaeeo ca a?aieoeu aeioeie/aneiai iiaeoiaea e aeecie, eioi?ue
i?aeiouanoaaiii “iai?aaeai ia aeieacaoaeuenoai aa noaaeeueiuo,
oieaa?naeueiuo e iaeciaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee” (10 n51). N ae?oaie noi?iiu,
iiaeaeue ieieiaeueiie eeaoee iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia e aeey
?aca?aie/aiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo ea/anoaaiiuo nooiaiae i?ioeanna ?acaeoey.
Iia, – eae e ethaay ae?oaay iiaeaeue, eiaao naith iaeanoue i?eiaieiinoe
e iicaieyao ?aniiciaaaoue e ?aeiino?oe?iaaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua
caeiiiia?iinoe. Oai naiui yoa iiaeaeue auiieiyao nouanoaaiiua ooieoeee a
i?ioeanna ?ac?aaioee oai?ee.
Aeey aieaa aeoaieiai iiieiaiey cia/aiey e nouiinoe iiaeaee?iaaiey a
aeieiaee neaaeoao inoaiiaeoueny ia i?iaeaiao iiaeaee?iaaiey a enoi?ee
aeieiae/aneie iaoee. Iiaeaee?iaaiea eae iao/iue iaoiae a aeieiaee auei
aia?aua iienaii e niciaoaeueii eniieueciaaii Iooi Ath/ee e Noaoaiii Eaae
oeii a 1892 aiaeo (10 n146). N oi/ee c?aiey enoi?ee iaoee eioa?anii, /oi
iaoiaeu iiaeaee?iaaiey a aeieiaee noaee i?eiaiyoueny niciaoaeueii eeoue
oiaaea, eiaaea aeaaiaea?y iiyaeaieth yaiethoeeiiiie oai?ee Aea?aeia e
nicaeaieth aaiaoeee a ?acaeoee aeieiae/aneie oai?ee aue naeaeai e?oiiue
nea/ie, e aeieiaey i?anooieea e enneaaeiaaieth ana aieaa neiaeiuo
aeioe/aneeo naycae. Oae, iai?eia?, aicieeiiaaiea iiioeyoeeiiiie aaiaoeee
oanii naycaii n iiaeaeueth Oa?aee e Aaeiaa?aa. Ana eciaiaiey,
i?ienoiaeyuea a anoanoaaiiuo iiioeyoeeyo, eiatho i/aiue neiaeioth
i?e?iaeo ec-ca acaeiiaeaenoaey iiiaeo oaeoi?ia yaiethoeee, oae /oi
oieueei enneaaeiaaiea aieaa i?inouo iiaeaeae iiaeao aeaoue
i?aaenoaaeaiea i cia/aiee ioaeaeueiuo yaiethoeeiiiuo oaeoi?ia.
Nouanoaaiioth ?ieue iiaeaee?iaaiea ea?aei e ea?aao a ?acaeoee
iieaeoey?iie aeieiaee. Iaeiei ec ecaanoiuo i?eia?ia i?eiaiaiey iaoiaeia
iiaeaee?iaaiey yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea no?oeoo?iie iiaeaee AeIE, eioi?oth
nicaeaee ia iniiaa ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiaeeca e oeie/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee Oionii e E?ee (1953a.). Yoa iiaeaeue iniaaiii
au?aceoaeueii iieacuaaao acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo yenia?eiaioaeueiuie
iaoiaeaie e iaoiaeaie iiaeaee?iaaiey i?e aeaeueiaeoai ?acaeoee
aeieiae/aneie oai?ee. Aii?inu, naycaiiua n aeaeueiaeoei i?eiaiaieai
iiaeaee?iaaiey a iieaeoey?iie aeieiaee oe?iei ?anniao?eaathony a ?aaioa
iaiaoeeiai enneaaeiaaoaey Y. Oiiana (12).
2.2. I eeaa?iaoe/aneii iiaeaee?iaaiee e iiaeaee?iaaiee iuneeoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
2.2.1. Iniaaiiinoe eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey.
A nia?aiaiiii iao/iii ciaiee aanueia oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaia oaiaeaioeey
iino?iaiey eeaa?iaoe/aneeo iiaeaeae iauaeoia naiuo ?acee/iuo eeannia.
“Eeaa?iaoe/aneee yoai a enneaaeiaaiee neiaeiuo nenoai iciaiaiiaai
nouanoaaiiui i?aia?aciaaieai “ycuea iaoee”, oa?aeoa?ecoaony
aiciiaeiinoueth au?aaeaiey iniiaiuo iniaaiiinoae yoeo nenoai a oa?ieiao
oai?ee eioi?iaoeee e oi?aaeaiey. Yoi naeaeaei aeinooiiui eo
iaoaiaoe/aneee aiaeec.” (2 n169) Eeaa?iaoe/aneia iiaeaee?iaaiea
eniieuecoaony e eae iauaa ya?enoe/aneia n?aaenoai, e eae eneonnoaaiiue
i?aaieci, e eae nenoaia-caiaieoaeue, e a ooieoeee aeaiiino?aoeeiiiie.
Eniieueciaaiea eeaa?iaoe/aneie oai?ee nayce e oi?aaeaiey aeey
iino?iaiey iiaeaeae a niioaaonoaothueo iaeanoyo iniiauaaaony ia
iaeneiaeueiie iauiinoe aa caeiiia e i?eioeeiia: aeey iauaeoia aeeaie
i?e?iaeu, nioeeaeueiuo nenoai e oaoie/aneeo nenoai.(3,5). Oe?ieia
eniieueciaaiea eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey iicaieyao ?anniao?eaaoue
yoio “eiaeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneee” oaiiiai eae iaiouaieaiue yeaiaio
“eioaeeaeooaeueiiai eeeiaoa” nia?aiaiiie iaoee” (2 n170). A yoie nayce
aiai?yo ia iniaii “eeaa?iaoe/aneii noeea iuoeaiey”, i “eeaa?iaoecaoeee”
iao/iiai ciaiey. N eeaa?iaoe/aneei iiaeaee?iaaieai naycuaathony
aiciiaeiua iai?aaeaiey ?inoa i?ioeannia oai?ecaoeee ?acee/iuo iaoe,
iiauoaiea o?iaiy oai?aoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee. ?anniio?ei iaeioi?ua
i?eia?u, oa?aeoa?ecothuea aeeth/aiea eeaa?iaoe/aneeo eaeae a ae?oaea
iiiyoeeiua nenoaiu.
Aiaeec aeieiae/aneeo nenoai n iiiiuueth eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey
iau/ii naycuaatho n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iauyniaiey iaeioi?uo iaoaieciia eo
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey (oaaaeeiny a yoii ieaea, ?anniao?eaay iiaeaee?iaaiea
ineoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea). A yoii neo/aa nenoaia
eeaa?iaoe/aneeo iiiyoee e i?eioeeiia ieacuaaaony enoi/ieeii aeiioac
ioiineoaeueii ethauo naiioi?aaeyaiuo nenoai, o.e. eaeae naycae e
oi?aaeaiey aa?iu aeey yoie iaeanoe i?eiaiaiey eaeae.
Oa?aeoa?ecoy i?ioeann eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey (2 n200),
ia?auatho aieiaiea ia neaaeothuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa. Iiaeaeue, aoaeo/e
aiaeiaii enneaaeoaiiai yaeaiey, ieeiaaea ia iiaeao aeinoeaiooue noaiaie
neiaeiinoe iineaaeiaai. I?e iino?iaiee iiaeaee i?eaaaatho e ecaanoiui
oi?iuaieyi, oeaeue eioi?uo – no?aieaiea ioia?aceoue ia aanue iauaeo, a n
iaeneiaeueiie iieiioie ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue iaeioi?ue aai “n?ac”. Caaea/a
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau iooai aaaaeaiey ?yaea oi?iuathueo aeiiouaiee
auaeaeeoue aaaeiua aeey enneaaeiaaiey naienoaa. Nicaeaaay
eeaa?iaoe/aneea iiaeaee, auaeaeytho eioi?iaoeeiiii – oi?aaeai/aneea
naienoaa. Ana eiua noi?iiu yoiai iauaeoa inoathony aia ?anniio?aiey. Ia
/?acau/aeioth aaaeiinoue iieneia iooae enneaaeiaaiey neiaeiuo nenoai
iaoiaeii iaeiaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo oi?iuathueo i?aaeiieiaeaiee oeacuaaao
P.Yoae. “A i?ioeii, – ioia/aao ii, – iaaethaeaeinue iaeioi?ia
i?aiaa?aaeaiea e oi?iuaieyi… Iaeiaei iu, caieiathueany enneaaeiaaieai
neiaeiuo nenoai, ia iiaeai naaa iicaieeoue oaeiai i?aiaa?aaeaiey.
Enneaaeiaaoaee neiaeiuo nenoai aeieaeiu caieiaoueny oi?iuaiiuie oi?iaie,
eai anaiauaiethuea enneaaeiaaiey auaatho ca/anooth niaa?oaiii
iaaiciiaeiu”.
Aiaeece?oy i?ioeann i?eeiaeaiey eeaa?iaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey a
?acee/iuo iaeanoyo ciaiey, iiaeii caiaoeoue ?anoe?aiea noa?u i?eiaiaiey
eeaa?iaoe/aneeo iiaeaeae: eniieueciaaiea a iaoeao i iicaa, a
nioeeieiaee, a eneonnoaa, a ?yaea oaoie/aneeo iaoe. A /anoiinoe, a
nia?aiaiiie ecia?eoaeueiie oaoieea iaoee i?eeiaeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiua
iiaeaee.(3 n172). Aicieeoay ia eo iniiaa eioi?iaoeeiiiay oai?ey
ecia?aiey e ecia?eoaeueiuo ono?ienoa – yoi iiaue iiae?acaeae nia?aiaiiie
i?eeeaaeiie iao?ieiaee.
A caaea/ao naiuo ?acee/iuo eeannia eniieuecoaony i?eioeei ia?aoiie
nayce. A /anoiinoe Aeae/ i?aaeeiaeee iiaeaeue iioeaaoeee iiaaaeaiey,
iniiaaiioth ia yoii i?eioeeia. Yoa iiaeaeue iicaieeea ooi/ieoue
iaeioi?ua iaoaieciu iiaaaeaiey aeeaioiuo. Ii iiaieth Aeae/a (10 n180),
iao/aiea aeeaioiiai a eaae?eioa ninoieo ia a au?aaioea ?yaea ?aaeoeee, a
a onoaiiaeaiee iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe ?yaea noaoeaeae, iii/a?aaeiia
aeinoeaeaiea eioi?uo i?eaiaeeo e ieii/aoaeueiie oeaee – ei?iooea.
Caeanue eiaao ianoi ia iao/aiea, a ?aaoeyoeey oaea auo/aiiuo ?aaeoeee.
*oiau iauynieoue yoi, Aeae/ ?ac?aaioae aeiioaoe/aneoth noaio,
iniiaaiioth ia iioeaaoeeiiiie iiaeaee n ia?aoiie naycueth e
eniieuecothuae oaeaea i?eioeeiu iaueo i?e/eiiuo oaeoi?ia, oeaiiuo
?aaeoeee e oi?iiciuo naycae.
2.2.2. Iiaeaee?iaaiea iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
Aeey enneaaeiaaiey iicaa aaaeiu iaoiaeu eeanne/aneie oeceieiaee aunoae
ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii?oioeceieiaee, yeaeo?ioeceieiaee, aeioeiee e
o.ae. Iaeiaei aicieeea iio?aaiinoue a iiauo iaoiaeao, ?ane?uaathueo
aeayoaeueiinoue iicaa n eiie noi?iiu – n oi/ee c?aiey caeiiiia?iinoae
i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey e ia?a?aaioee eioi?iaoeee.
Iiiuoee nenoaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iicaa ia iiau. Aua I.I.Na/aiia iinoaaee
caaea/o ane?uoue nouiinoue iaoaiecia aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa iooai
iouneaiey eaaeaueo a iniiaa yoie aeayoaeueiinoe i?eioeeiia. Ei aue
ioe?uo iaeei ec ieo – i?eioeei ?aoeaenia. E.I.Iaaeia enneaaeiaae
i?eioeeiu oi?aaeaiey aeeiaieeie aunoeo ia?aiuo oeaio?ia, aiaeeca e
neioaca, iinooiathueo ec aia neaiaeia e iieacae, eaeiau iniaaiiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa i?e ?acee/iuo ninoiyieyo iineaaeiaai. Eae ioia/aao
I.Ei/a?aei (6 n151), “aeey eco/aiey iicaa eae neiaeiie ooieoeeiiaeueiie
nenoaiu aaaeiia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao iaoiae iiaeaee?iaaiey, iicaieythuee
ane?uoue no?oeoo?o iicaa, oi?io naycae iae?iiia e ?acee/iuo o/anoeia
iicaa iaaeaeo niaie, i?eioeeiu iae?iiiie i?aaiecaoeee, caeiiiia?iinoe
ia?a?aaioee, ia?aaea/e, o?aiaiey e eiaee?iaaiey eioi?iaoeee a iicaa e
o.ae.” Eniieueciaaiea YAI a iiaeaee?iaaiee aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa
iicaieyao io?aaeaoue i?ioeannu a eo aeeiaieea, ii o yoiai iaoiaea a
aeaiiii i?eeiaeaiee anoue naie neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu. Ia?yaeo n
iaueie /a?oaie, i?enoueie iicao e iiaeaee?othuaio aai ?aaioo ono?ienoao,
oaeeie, eae:
iaoa?eaeueiinoue;
caeiiiia?iue oa?aeoa? anao i?ioeannia;
iauiinoue iaeioi?uo oi?i aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee;
io?aaeaiea;
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e eeanno naiii?aaiecothueony aeeiaie/aneeo nenoai, a
eioi?uo caeiaeaiu:
i?eioeei ia?aoiie nayce;
no?oeoo?ii – ooieoeeiiaeueiay aiaeiaey;
niiniaiinoue iaeaieeaaoue eioi?iaoeeth (4 n67).
Anoue nouanoaaiiua ioee/ey, oaeea eae:
iiaeaee?othuaio ono?ienoao i?enoue eeoue iecoea oi?iu aeaeaeaiey –
oece/aneia, oeie/aneia, a iicao e?iia oiai – nioeeaeueiia,
aeieiae/aneia;
i?ioeann io?aaeaiey a iicaa /aeiaaea i?iyaeyaony a
noauaeoeaii-niciaoaeueiii aini?eyoee aiaoieo aicaeaenoaee. Iuoeaiea
aicieeaao a ?acoeueoaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey noauaeoa iiciaiey n iauaeoii a
oneiaeyo nioeeaeueiie n?aaeu;
A ycuea /aeiaaea e iaoeiu. sscue /aeiaaea iineo iiiyoeeiue oa?aeoa?.
Naienoaa i?aaeiaoia e yaeaiee iaiauathony n iiiiuueth ycuea.
Iiaeaee?othuaa ono?ienoai eiaao aeaei n yeaeo?e/aneeie eiioeuenaie,
eioi?ua niioianaiu /aeiaaeii n aoeaaie, /eneaie. Oaeei ia?acii, iaoeia
“aiai?eo” ia ia iiiyoeeiii ycuea, a ia nenoaia i?aaee, eioi?ay ii naiaio
oa?aeoa?o yaeyaony oi?iaeueiie, ia eiathuae i?aaeiaoiiai niaea?aeaiey.
Eniieueciaaiea iaoaiaoe/aneeo iaoiaeia i?e aiaeeca i?ioeannia
io?aaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa noaei aiciiaeiui aeaaiaea?y
iaeioi?ui aeiiouaieyi, noi?ioee?iaaiiui Iaeeaeeieii e Ieoonii. A eo
iniiaa – aano?aae?iaaiea io naienoa anoanoaaiiiai iae?iia, io oa?aeoa?a
iaiaia aauanoa e o.ae. – iae?ii ?anniao?eaaaony n /enoi ooieoeeiiaeueiie
noi?iiu. Nouanoaothuea iiaeaee, eieoe?othuea aeayoaeueiinoue iicaa
(Oa?ee, Eea?ea, Iaeiaia, Eiiaa?oniia, Oieoa?a, Aeaei?aea, Oaiiiia,
Aooee, Aa?ey e ae?.) ioaea/aiu io ea/anoaaiiie niaoeeoeee anoanoaaiiuo
iae?iiia. Iaeiaei n oi/ee c?aiey eco/aiey ooieoeeiiaeueiie noi?iiu
aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa yoi ieacuaaaony ianouanoaaiiui.
A eeoa?aoo?a (4,6,8) nouanoaoao ?yae iiaeoiaeia e eco/aieth iicaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe:
oai?ey aaoiiaoe/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey (aeeaua nenoaiu ?anniao?eaathony a
ea/anoaa naiaia?aciiai eaeaaeueiiai iauaeoa);
eioi?iaoeeiiiue (i?eoae ia niaio yia?aaoe/aneiio iiaeoiaeo).
Aai iniiaiua i?eioeeiu:
auaeaeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo naycae aioo?e nenoaiu;
auaeaeaiea neaiaea ec ooia;
aa?iyoiinoiue oa?aeoa?.
Oniaoe, iieo/aiiua i?e eco/aiee aeayoaeueiinoe iicaa a eioi?iaoeeiiiii
aniaeoa ia iniiaa iiaeaee?iaaiey, ii iiaieth I.I.Aiiniaa, nicaeaee
eeethceth, /oi i?iaeaia caeiiiia?iinoae ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iicaa iiaeao
auoue ?aoaia eeoue n iiiiuueth yoiai iaoiaea. Iaeiaei ii aai aea
iiaieth, ethaay iiaeaeue naycaia n oi?iuaieai, a /anoiinoe:
ia ana ooieoeee e niaoeeoe/aneea naienoaa o/eouaathony;
ioaea/aiea io nioeeaeueiiai, iae?iaeeiaie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeaeaaony auaiae i e?eoe/aneii ioiioaiee e aeaiiiio
iaoiaeo (iaeuecy ia?aioeaieaaoue aai aiciiaeiinoe, ii aianoa n oai,
iaiaoiaeeii aai oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea a aeaiiie iaeanoe n o/aoii ?acoiiuo
ia?aie/aiee).
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
Aiinia I.I. “Iiaeaee?iaaiea iuoeaiey e ineoeee” I.: Iaoea, 1965
Aaoi?iaa E.A. “Eeaa?iaoeea e iaoiae aiaeiaee” I.: Aunoay oeiea, 1974
aiae
Ae? N. “Eeaa?iaoeea e oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaii” I.: Iaoea, 1965
Aaaeaiia A.A. “Iiaeaee?iaaiea yeaiaioia iuoeaiey” I.: Iaoea, 1988
Aeaaaei?eaie A.N., A?aenoo A.N. “Iieue eeaa?iaoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a
eco/aiee i?aia?aciaaiee i?e?iaeiuo eiiieaenia” I.: Ecaanoey
Ei/a?aei A.I. “Iiaeaee?iaaiea iuoeaiey” I.: Iaoea, 1969
Ieoae I.A., A?aiaaneee A.A. “Iaoiaeieiae/aneea e ie?iaicc?ai/aneea
i?iaeaiu anoanoaaiiiiao/iiai ciaiey” Eeoeiaa: Oieoeoea, 1987
“I?iaeaiu iaoiaeieiaee nioeeaeueiiai iiciaiey” E.: EAO, 1985
O?ieia E.O. “Aiinaieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu iiaeaee?iaaiey” I.: Iaoea, 1961
aiae
O?ieia E.O. “AEeciue e iiciaiea. I aeeaeaeoeea a nia?aiaiiie aeieiaee”
I.: Iuneue, 1981
Ooioo A.A. “Iiaeaee?iaaiea e oeeinioey” I.: Iaoea, 1966
“Yenia?eiaio. Iiaeaeue. Oai?ey”. I.- Aa?eei: Iaoea, 1982
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