?AOA?AO IA OAIO:
O?EINIONUeEA ?ICOI?IIss NONI?EUeNOAA
ssE NENOAIE, UI ?ICAEAA?OUeNss
IEAI:
1. Iiiyooy “noni?euenoai” a o?einio??. Iniaeeaino? nioe?aeueii?
aeaoa?i?iaoe??.
2. No?oeoo?a ? ooieoe?? noni?euenoaa:
a). iiiyooy noa’?eoa noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo. Nioe?aeueia no?oeoo?a
noni?euenoaa;
a). iniiai? noa?e aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae ? noni?euei? a?aeiineie;
a). ooieoe?? noni?euenoaa.
3. Iniiai? /eiieee noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo oa ?o aca?iica’ycie.
4. ?noi?e/i? oeie noni?euenoaa. Iiiyooy “noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ia
oi?iaoe?y” ? “oeea?e?caoe?y”.
5. Aeiaaeuei? i?iaeaie ethaenoaa ? nioe?aeueia i?iaiicoaaiiy.
6. ?aeay i?ia?ano a ?noi???. Nain ?noi???.
1. Iiiyooy “noni?euenoai” a o?einio??. Iniaeeaino? nioe?aeueii?
aeaoa?i?iaoe??.
Iiiyooy “noni?euenoai” a o?einio?? ia? ia iaeia aecia/aiiy.
“Noni?euenoai – iaecaaaeuei?oa nenoaia ca’yce?a ? a?aeiinei i?ae
ethaeueie, ui neeaaea?oueny a i?ioean? ?oiuei? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
(“ethaenueea noni?euenoai”); ?noi?e/ii aecia/aiee oei nioe?aeueii?
nenoaie (ia?a?nia, ?aaiaeanieoeueea, oaiaeaeueia, eai?oae?noe/ia,
eiioi?noe/ia noni?euenoai); niaoeeo?/ia oi?ia nioe?aeueii? i?aai?caoe??,
ui neeaeany a i?ioean? ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo aeaii? e?a?ie” (10, n. 678).
A.Aeth?eaaei oae oa?aeoa?eco? noni?euenoai a nai?e i?aoe? “Nioe?ieia?y
oa oai??y i?ciaiiy”: “Noni?euenoai – oea iaea?eueo iiaooi?e oieon
o?ce/ieo ? ii?aeueieo nee, yeee o?eueee ?nio? o na?o?. I?aea a i?e?iae?
ia cono??/a?oueny oaea aaaaonoai ??ciiiai?oieo iaoa??ae?a,
neiioeaio?iaaieo a oae?e i???. Ia aeeaii, oiio ui c noni?euenoaa
aeae?ey?oueny nai???aeia aeeooy, yea, ?aaaoth/e ia aeaiaioe, ui eiai
neeaaeathoue, ia?aoai?th? ?o ? i?ae?eia? aei iaeaeui? oi?ie ?nioaaiiy”
(12, n. 5).
I.Ni?ie?i aea? oaea aecia/aiiy noni?euenoaa: “Noni?euenoai icia/a? ia
o?eueee noeoii?noue aeae?eueeio iaeeieoeue (in?a, ?iaeea?ae?a oiui), aea
i?eionea?, ui oe? iaeeieoe? ia ?cieueiaai? iaeia a?ae iaeii?, a
ciaoiaeyoueny i?ae niaith a i?ioean? aca?iiae??, oiaoi aieeaathoue iaeia
ia iaeio oei, /e ?ioei /eiii, noeeathoueny iaeia c iaeiith ? iathoue
i?ae niaith oie /e ?ioee ca’ycie” (5, n. 28).
I.Niaeca? a nai?e i?aoe? “Nioe?ieia?y” aecia/a? iaai? oiiae, ye? iiaeii?
aeeiioaaoenue, uia nioe?aeueia ia’?aeiaiiy iiaeia aoei iacaaoe
noni?euenoaii. Aei oeeo oiia iaeaaeaoue: “(a) iaaia oa?eoi??y; (a)
iiiiaiaiiy noni?euenoaa aieiaiei /eiii ca ?aooiie ae?oiia?iaeaeaiiy; (a)
?icaeiooa eoeueoo?a ? (a) “iie?oe/ia” iacaeaaei?noue” (12, n. 6).
Nioe?aeueia o?einio?y, ye iaeia c aaeocae o?einionueeiai ciaiiy,
aecia/a? niaoeeo?eo ? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo ethaenueeiai noni?euenoaa,
iaoai?cie eiai ooai?aiiy oa caeiie ?nioaaiiy, i?noea a iueiio ethaeeie,
nioe?aeueio aoaeiao noni?euenoaa, ??ai? ? oi?ie eiai i?aai?caoe??,
ni?yiiaai?noue oa nain ethaenueei? ?noi???, aeooiai? iniiae
noni?euenoaa.
Noni?euenoai ? iaaeneeaaeiith nenoaiith, yea oi?io?oueny a i??o ?icaeoeo
caeaoiino? ethaeae a?aeie?aiethaaoe naaa a?ae i?e?iaee. O?einio?y
aecia/a? o?e iniiai? a?oie oaeoi??a, ye? iaoiiaeththoue ?icaeoie
ethaenueeiai noni?euenoaa:
– i?aoey (niaoeeo?/ii ethaenueea aeioe?eueia ae?yeuei?noue);
– ni?eeoaaiiy (eieaeoeaiee oa?aeoa? ae?yeueiino? ? aeeooy);
– na?aeii?noue (i?ciaiiy, ?ioaeaeo, aeooiaiee ci?no ethaenueei?
ae?yeueiino?).
Noni?euenoai (nioe?oi) iiaeia aecia/eoe ye noeoii?noue an?o oi?i ?
niinia?a aca?iiae?? ? ia’?aeiaiiy ethaeae. A oaeiio oe?ieiio cia/aii?
noni?euenoai aeeth/a? a naaa ana, ui a?ae??ciy? oeth nenoaio a?ae
i?e?iaeii-eini?/ieo yaeu, aeicaiey? ?icaeyiooe noai?aio ethaeeiith
?aaeuei?noue ye iniaeeao oi?io ?ooo iaoa???. Noni?euenoai, ye nenoaia
aca?iiae?? ethaeae, aecia/a?oueny iaaieie aioo??oi?ie noia?a/iinoyie –
i?ae i?e?iaeith ? noni?euenoaii, i?ae ??cieie nioe?aeueieie
ni?eueiioaie, i?ae noni?euenoaii ? iniaeno?noth. Oe? ca’ycee noaee
iniiaith aeey ?ic?iaee ??ciiiai?oieo nioe?ieia?/ieo eiioeaioe?e
noni?euenoaa. Iaei? c oaeeo oai??e iaooothoue ye?niith ??cieoeath i?ae
noni?euenoaii ? i?e?iaeith (iaoo?ae?noe/i? eiioeaioe??), ?io? –
aaniethoecothoue ?? (?aeaae?noe/i? a/aiiy). O iiaee /an, iniaeeai a
XVII-XVIII no., cia/iiai iioe?aiiy iaaoea iaoo?ae?noe/ia eiioeaioe?y
noni?eueiiai aeeooy. Iaoo?ae?ci (a?ae natura – i?e?iaea) ye
o?einionueeee i?eioeei aeiaaa? iiynithaaoe nioe?aeuei? yaeua aeiyoeiai
ae??th i?e?iaeii? caeiiii??iino?: o?ce/ii?, aaia?ao?/ii?, a?ieia?/ii?
oiui. O.Oo?’? iaiaaaany noai?eoe “nioe?aeueio iaoeo” ia a?oio?
anana?oiueiai oyae?iiy, oiaoi ia iniia? a/aiiy Iuethoiia. Iaoo?ae?ci
aeu? oi?ie aoooy caiaeea aei ieae/eo, a ethaeeio – aei ??aiy o?eueee
i?e?iaeii? ?noioe. Aieiaiee eiai iaaeie?e iieyaa? a iaoooaaii? ye?niith
nai???aei?noth ethaeeie, a i?eieaeaii? ethaenueei? aeoeaiino?, o
caia?a/aii? ethaenueei? naiaiaee. Iai?eeeaae, O o?einio?? Oiiana Aiaana
naiaiae? iaeaaeeoue aeineoue ne?iiia i?noea; naiaiaea aeey iueiai, ?
/eiinue ia?noioiei, aeiaaeeiaei. ?ioee iaaeie?e iaoo?ae?noe/iiai
i?aeoiaeo aei noni?euenoaa iieyaa? a oiiae?aithaaii? ethaeeie
nioe?aeueiiio aoiio, a noni?euenoaa iaoai?/iiio aa?aaaoo ?iaeea?ae?a –
aoii?a, caieiaieo eeoa ia nai?o aeanieo ?ioa?anao. Oaeei /eiii,
iaoo?ae?ci caiaaeoi iaoa??ae?noe/ii o?aeoo? ethaeeio, aeae?eyth/e a i?e
eeoa i?e?iaeio noanoaioe?th. Aiane?aeie oeueiai ethaenuee? ca’ycee
iaaoaathoue aeiyoeiai i?e?iaeiiai oa?aeoa?o. Noni?euenoai aecia?oueny,
aea a ?ie? oeaiaiooth/iai ia/aea aenooia? aai ei?enoue (i?ina?oeoae?
XVII-XVIII no.), aai noaoaaa ethaia (E.Oae??aao). ? oi/a iino?eii
eaeaoueny i?i ?iaeea?aea, ni?aaaeiueiai ?icoi?iiy ?iaeea?aea ?
noni?euenoaa a?aeo?.
Ia a?aei?io a?ae iaoo?ae?noe/ieo eiioeaioe?e, ?aeaae?noe/i? a/aiiy
a?ae?eaathoue ethaeeio a?ae i?e?iaee, ia?aoai?thth/e aeooiaio noa?o
noni?eueiiai aeeooy ia naiino?eio noanoaioe?th. ?aeaae?noe/ia ?icoi?iiy
?noi??? aeieea? ye ?acoeueoao aaniethoecaoe?? aeooiaiiai oaeoi?a a
ethaenueeiio aooo?. Ia i?aeoeoe? oea icia/a? aeio?eioaaoeny
i?ina?oieoeueeiai i?eioeeio: “Aeoiee i?aaeyoue na?oii”.
?aeaae?ci ia caia?a/o? ia’?eoeaiiai /eiieea ?noi???, aea yeui c oi/ee
ci?o iaoo?ae?cio ?icaeoie noni?euenoaa aecia/a?oueny ae??th caeii?a
i?e?iaee, oi a ?aeaae?ci? ooieoe?th oai?/iai ia/aea, nioe?aeueiiai
aaoaaeea aeeiio? aai na?oiaee ?icoi (ia’?eoeaiee ?aeaae?ci), aai ae
i?/ei ia aeaoa?i?iiaaia ethaenueea, ianaiia?aae aeooiaii-aieueiaa,
aeoeai?noue (noa’?eoeaiee ?aeaae?ci). ?aeaae?noe/ia ?icoi?iiy ?noi??? a
aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao iaaacia/ia oei, ui ii?iaeaeo? nioe?aeueio i?oieia?th
? i?e??ea? nioe?aeuei? noa’?eoe, ye? iieieeeny i?ae aeaaeith ?ethc?e
i?o?a, ia aiieoao ca i??aaeaie.
Ioaea, ye iaoo?ae?ci, yeee cia/iith i??ith ?ic/eiy? ethaeeio a i?e?iae?,
caiaaeoi cacaiey? ??, oae ? ?aeaae?ci, yeee a?ae?eaa? ethaeeio a?ae
i?e?iaee ? ia?aoai?th? aeooiaia ia/aei a ethaeei? ia naiiaeinoaoith
nooi?noue, i???ioothoue ia iaeiia?/ia ?icoi?iiy noni?euenoaa.
A iaaieo oai??yo aecia/a?oueny ia?aeii?noue ?iaeea?aeiiai ia/aea a
noni?euenoa? (I.Aaaa?, O.Ia?niin, I.Ni?ie?i), a ?ioeo – aeo?aeieie ?
iaae?iaeea?aeoaeuei? nioe?aeuei? no?oeoo?e (A.Aeth?eaaei, E.Ia?en).
C?iiaeue ienaa: “Noni?euenoai ?nio? anthaee, aea aeae?eueea ?iaeea?ae?a
ciaoiaeyoueny o aca?iiae??, yeei ae ia aoei inoaii?”. A I.Ni?ie?i a
nai?e i?aoe? “Ethaeeia, oeea?e?caoe?y, noni?euenoai” eacaa, ui
“nioe?aeueia yaeua ? nioe?aeueiee ca’ycie, ui ia? ineo?/io i?e?iaeo ?
?aae?co?oueny a na?aeiiino? ?iaeea?ae?a, aenooiath/e a oie aea /an ii
ci?noo ? o?eaaeino? ca eiai iaaee. Oea oa, ui iaceaathoue “nioe?aeueiith
aeooath”, oea oa, ui ?io? iaceaathoue oeea?e?caoe??th ? eoeueoo?ith, oea
oa, ui o?ao? aecia/athoue oa?i?iii “na?o oe?iiinoae”, a i?ioeeaaei?noue
na?oo ?a/ae, ui noai?ththoue ia’?eo iaoe i?i i?e?iaeo. Aoaeue-yea
aca?iiae?y, i?ae eei ae aiia ia a?aeaoaaeany, yeui aiia ia? ineo?/iee
oa?aeoa? (a aeuaaeacaiiio ci?no? oeueiai neiaa) – aoaea nioe?aeueiei
yaeuai” (5, n. 39).
Ia i?ioeaaao ?i A.Aeth?eaaei aaaaeaa, ui nioe?aeuei? no?oeoo?e
“?niothoue ?aaeueii iica ?iaeea?aeaie, ye? iino?eii aei ieo
i?enoiniaothoueny. Oea ?a/?, ui iathoue nai? iniaenoa ?nioaaiiy.
?iaeea?ae ciaoiaeeoue ?o oe?eeiaeoi aioiaeie ? ia iiaea c?iaeoe oae, uia
?o ia aoei, aai uia aiie aoee ?ioeie, i?ae aiie ?. Aacia?a/ii, ?iaeea?ae
a?ae?a?a? iaaio ?ieue a ?o aeieeiaii?. I?ioa, uia ?nioaaa nioe?aeueiee
oaeo, iio??aii, uia, ii e?aei?e i???, aeae?eueea ?iaeea?ae?a ia’?aeiaee
nai? ae?? ? uia oey eiia?iaoe?y ii?iaeeea aoaeue-yeee iiaee ?acoeueoao.
A ine?eueee oeae neioac ia? i?noea iica eiaeiiai c ian (oiio ui a?i
ooai?th?oueny c iiiaeeie na?aeiiinoae), oi a?i iaia’yceiai ia?
iane?aeeii cae??ieaiiy, anoaiiaeaiiy iica iaie iaaieo niinia?a ae?e,
noaeaeaiue, ye? ia caeaaeaoue a?ae eiaeii? ie?aii acyoi? aie?” (4, n.
405). Nioe?aeuei? yaeua A.Aeth?eaaei aaaaeaa ciai?oi?ie ii a?aeiioaiith
aei ?iaeea?aea. “Aiie (nioe?aeuei? yaeua), ia aoaeo/e iaoa??aeueieie,
?niothoue iaaiei /eiii, aiie iathoue iino?eiee niin?a ?nioaaiiy ?
iniaeeao i?e?iaeo, ia caeaaeio a?ae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai naaa?eey; aiie
aeieeathoue c iaiao?aeieo a?aeiinei” (4, n. 406).
E.Ia?en aaaaeaa, ui a noni?euenoa? ae?thoue “nai? iniaeea? caeiie, ui ia
iathoue i?yeiai a?aeiioaiiy aei in?a, ye? neeaaeathoue noni?euenoai”, a
nai ?iaeea?ae “aeeth/a?oueny o “ciai?oi?” ni?eeoaaiiy “o?eueee ye
i?e?iaei?e /eai aoaeue-yeiai ethaenueeiai eieaeoeao” (1, n. 208).
A no/ani?e nioe?aeuei?e o?einio?? ona?aeiieaiiy iiiyooy “noni?euenoai”
iia’ycaia c ?ioi?iaoe?eiith ?aaiethoe??th, c iiaei aa/aiiyi na?oo.
“?ioi?iaoe?eii-eiii’thoa?ia ?aaiethoe?y ?aae?co?oueny ye “i?ioean
?ioi?iaoecaoe?? on?o noa? aeeooy noni?euenoaa ? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie. A iniia? eiaeii? nioe?ioaoi?/ii? ?aaiethoe?? ciaoiaeyoueny
nai? iniaeea? oaoiieia?/i? nenoaie. Aeey ?ioi?iaoe?eii? ?aaiethoe?? oea
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??. ?? e?ioeaaei ?acoeueoaoii iiaeiii noaoe
noai?aiiy iiai? ?ioi?iaoe?eii? oeea?e?caoe??. I?e /iio ana ?aaeeeaeueii
ci?ith?oueny: iaoa??aeueia ae?iaieoeoai ? na?oiaeyae, iiaoo ? ina?oa,
ni?eeoaaiiy ? ienoaoeoai ci?iththoue ia o?eueee nai? ciai?oi? ?ene, aea
e aioo??oi? iaoai?cie – ci?no ae?yeueiino?…” ieoa A.?. ?ae?oia a
i?aoe? “O?einio?y eiii’thoa?ii? ?aaiethoe??” (12, n. 273-274).
Oi?io?oueny caaaeueiiieaiaoa?ia oeea?e?caoe?y ia canaaeao, c iaeiiai
aieo, ?aeiino? ? iaiiae?eueiino? na?oiaiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa, c ae?oaiai –
iiiaeeiiino?, a?aeiinii? iacaeaaeiino? ? ??ciiiai?oiino? ia?iae?a,
eoeueoo?.
A ?icoi?ii? iiiyooy “noni?euenoai” iio??aii aeae?eyoe aeaa aniaeoe, aeaa
aei??e – ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee ? nioe?aeueiee. Ii-ia?oa, noni?euenoai – oea
nai? ethaee a ?o noni?eueieo a?aeiineiao. An? noni?euei? yaeua ?
a?aoo?-?aoo ?acoeueoaoii ae?e ?iaeea?ae?a, ?oi?o oe?eae, aaaeaiue,
aeoiie, a?eueiiai aeai?o. I?e/iio ae?thoue oe? ?iaeea?aee ia
a?aeie?aieaii iaeei a?ae iaeiiai, oiio noni?euenoai ? ia i?inoi
noeoii?noth ?iaeea?ae?a, a a?aee?eoith nenoaiith ?o ni?eeoaaiiy,
aca?iica’yce?a ? aca?iiae?e. Ii-ae?oaa, noni?euenoai ? oaeith nenoaiith,
ui caeaoia aei naii?aaoeyoe??. I?ioean oii?yaeeoaaiiy oa i?aai?caoe??
noni?eueieo a?aeiinei ii?iaeaeo? a?aeiinii naiino?ei? ? iacaeaaei? a?ae
?iaeea?ae?a oi?ie noni?eueii? ?ioaa?aoe?? ? ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeiinei i?ae
?iaeea?aeaie, i?ae nioe?aeueieie ni?eueiioaie, i?ae ethaeeiith ?
i?e?iaeith (aeieea? nenoaia ii?i ? i?aaee, i?aa ? iaia’yce?a, caai?ii ?
aeicaie?a).
Naia oaea noia?a/eeaa iniaeea?noue noni?eueii? ?aaeueiino? – aooe
i?iaeoeoii aca?iiae?? ?iaeea?ae?a, a?aeaeoeii ?o noa’?eoeaiino? (oe?eae,
?ioa?an?a, aaaeaiue) ? ?acii c oei iacaeaaeiei a?ae ieo
iaae?iaeea?aeiei, ia’?eoeaiei ooai?aiiyi – iaoiiaeth? niaoeeo?eo
nioe?aeueii? caeiiii??iino? (nioe?aeueii? aeaoa?i?iaoe??), ui ye?nii
a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae caeiiii??iinoae i?e?iaee. Noni?eueia aoooy oa
?noi??y ethaenoaa, ioi/oth/ee ian i?aaeiaoiee na?o neeaaeathoueny c
coneeue eiie?aoieo ?iaeea?ae?a, ? ?acoeueoaoii ?o ae?yeueiino?,
i?iaeoeoii eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ii? oi?ie a?aeiioaiiy ethaeae aei i?e?iaee.
I?ioa naia oeae ?acoeueoao noa? ia’?eoeaiith oiiaith ethaenueeiai
?nioaaiiy. Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui ethaee nai? oai?youe naith ?noi??th ?
noni?eueia aeeooy, oi?ia “aeeth/aiiy” ?o a noni?eueii-?noi?e/iee i?ioean
iaoiiaeaia ia o?eueee nooiaiai inai?iiy ieie eoeueoo?ii? niaaeueie, ia
o?eueee ?o noa’?eoeaieie i?aaiaiiyie, naiaiaeith aeai?o, aea e
ia’?eoeaieie oiiaaie iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, aeinyaiooei ??aiai
noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo, a oiio /ene? – ??aiai noni?eueii? na?aeiiino?.
Ioaea, oa, ui ia? iacao “nioe?aeueii? aeaoa?i?iaoe??”, ? oaeoi?ii
caeaaeiino? ethaeae a?ae i?iaeoeo?a oa ?acoeueoao?a ?o aeanii?
ae?yeueiino?. ?c noeoiii? ae?yeueiino? ?iaeea?ae?a ?icaeaathoueny iia?
ia’?eoeai? ?noi?e/i? ianoaaeie, ye?, a naith /a?ao, aecia/athoue
ianooiiee ?icaeoie ethaeae. Oei naiei, ia ?nio? caeiiii??ieo oaiaeaioe?e
?noi??? aac ae?yeueiino? ethaeae. Ethaee ciaoiaeyoueny a caeaaeiino?
a?ae ia’?eoeaieo oiia ? ianoaaei aeeooy, aea ?acii c oei noai?ththoue ?
ci?iththoue oe? ianoaaeie.
2. No?oeoo?a ? ooieoe?? noni?euenoaa.
Noni?euenoai ye nenoaia aca?iica’yce?a ? aca?iiae?e ?iaeea?ae?a ia?
iaaio no?oeoo?o. No?oeoo?a noni?euenoaa ia? aeaa aniaeoe. Ii-ia?oa, oea
oa, ui ia? iacao “nioe?aeueii? no?oeoo?e noni?euenoaa”, oiaoi
noeoii?noue “i?e?inioe?oi?a” – nioe?aeueieo a?oi, ni?eueiio, ye? ?
noa’?eoaie noni?eueiiai aeeooy. Ii-ae?oaa, oea ? nenoaia iniiaieo noa?
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? noni?euenoaa (iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ia,
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ia ? aeooiaii-eoeueoo?ia) ? a?aeiia?aeieo aei ieo
noni?eueieo a?aeiinei (aeiiii?/ieo, iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo, ii?aeueieo,
?ae?a?eieo oiui).
Noa’?eoaie noni?eueiiai aeeooy ? nai? ethaee, naia aiie oai?youe
?noi??th. Oai?oeyie nioe?aeueiiai i?ioeano aiie ? ?acii c ?ioeie
ethaeueie, o aca?iica’yceo c ieie. Eiaeia ethaeeia aeeth/aia a iaaio
nioe?aeueio ni?eueiioo /e a?oio (aai a aeae?eueea nioe?aeueieo a?oi).
Oiio noa’?eoaie ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano ? ia o?eueee ?iaeea?aee, aea e
nioe?aeuei? ni?eueiioe, ui oi?iothoueny ia canaaeao ?aeiino? ?noi?e/ii?
aeie?, ianoaaei aeeooy, ?ioa?an?a oa oe?eae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai oa
noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo. Noeoii?noue ??ciiiai?oieo nioe?aeueieo ni?eueiio,
ca’yce?a i?ae ieie neeaaeathoue nioe?aeueio no?oeoo?o noni?euenoaa.
?eue?i A.?. a i?aoe? “Nioe?aeueia no?aoeo?eaoe?y” ?icaeyaea? oaeo
eeaneo?eaoe?th nioe?aeueieo a?oi: “c oi/ee ci?o a?oiiaiai ca’yceo –
oi?iaeuei? ? iaoi?iaeuei?. Ii-ia?oa, ia?aaaaea? aaciniaeno?niee,
ii-ae?oaa – iniaeno?niee ca’ycie. C oi/ee ci?o nooiai? i?oeiino?
aeae?eythoue ei?ioeio?eaae? a?oie (iaoiai, /a?aa), nii?aae?/i? a?oie, ui
ciiao noai?ththoueny /an a?ae /ano (aie?eueieee iaei??? eiiaiaee),
iino?ei? a?oie. C oi/ee ci?o ?ici??o aeae?eythoue iae? ? aaeee? a?oie.
Iaeith aaaaea?oueny a?oia, a ye?e an? /eaie iiaeooue ciaoiaeeoenue a
aaciina?aaei?o, iniaeno?nieo, aai oi?iaeueieo a?aeiineiao, ia
ei?enooth/enue aeiiiiiaith iina?aaeiee?a. Ii oa?aeoa?o /eainoaa… –
a?oie c aaoiiaoe/iei ? aeia?ia?eueiei /eainoaii” (12, n. 135).
Na?aae oaeoi??a, ui iaoiiaeththoue oi?ioaaiiy nioe?aeueieo ni?eueiio oa
a?oi, ? ? i?e?iaei? (iciaee noao?, a?eo, ?ane), ? nioe?aeuei?
(i?ioan?ei?, eoeueoo?i? oa ?io? iciaee). Oae, iiaeia aeae?eeoe
nioe?aeueii-oa?eoi??aeuei? ni?eueiioe (iaoeaioe? i?noa ? iaoeaioe?
naea), nioe?aeueii-aeaiia?ao?/i? (/ieia?ee, ae?iee, ae?oe, iieiaeue,
iain?iia?e), nioe?aeueii-aoi?/i? (n?i’y, ??ae, ieai’y, ia?iaei?noue,
iaoe?y, aoiin). Aeey E.Ia?ena iniiaiei e?eoa???i nioe?aeueiiai
no?oeoo?oaaiiy aoei a?aeiioaiiy aei cania?a ae?iaieoeoaa, aei aeaniino?.
Ia oeueiio a?oioo?oueny eeaniaee iiae?e noni?euenoaa – ia ?aa?a ?
?aaiaeaniee?a, naeyi ? oaiaeae?a, i?ieaoa??ao ? ao?aeoac?th. O no/ani?e
nioe?ieia?? ii?yae c iiiyooyi “eean” aaeeaa?oueny oa?i?i “no?aoa”.
Oai??y no?aoeo?eaoe?? aeae?ey? iaai? aa?noae ? ni?eueiioe (no?aoe) ca
iciaeaie eoeueoo?e, ina?oe, noeeai aeeooy, ?iaeii caiyoue oiui. Oae,
I.Aaaa? aeeth/a? a /enei oaeeo iciae, e??i a?aeiioaiiy aei aeaniino? ?
??aiy i?eaooeo, a?aeiioaiiy aei aeaaee ? nioe?aeueiee i?anoeae.
Ae??oaeueiei iiiaioii, ui aecia/a? aeania no?oeoo?o nioe?oio, ? oaeoi?e,
caaaeyee yeei noaei iiaeeeaei naii eiai ia?iaeaeaiiy ? ?nioaaiiy:
i?aoey, ni?eeoaaiiy, na?aeii?noue. Aiie eaaeaoue ia o?eueee a iniia?
aecia/aiiy o?ueio noa? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae, aea e – a?aeiia?aeieo
aei ieo noni?eueieo a?aeiinei.
Noni?eueia aeeooy a?aeaoaa?oueny a o?ueio iniiaieo noa?ao, aai ?aaeueieo
i?ioeanao aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?, – a iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/i?e,
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/i?e ? aeooiaii-eoeueoo?i?e. Iio??aii i?aee?aneeoe, ui
aecia/aiiy o?ueio iniiaieo noa? noni?eueiiai aeeooy ia? iaaiith i??ith
a?aeiiniee, oiiaiee oa?aeoa?, oiio ui ?aaeueia ethaenueea
aeeoo?ae?yeuei?noue – oea o?niee aca?iica’ycie ? aca?iiaieea oeeo noa?.
Aaniethoecaoe?y yei?nue iaei??? noa?e noni?eueiiai aeeooy aaaea aei
noai?aiiy aeaoi?iiaaii? iiaeae? noni?euenoaa.
A i?ioean? aaaaoia?aiii? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae neeaaeathoueny iaai?
noni?euei? a?aeiineie. I.Aaaa? noni?eueieie a?aeiineiaie iaceaaa
“iiaaae?ieo aeae?eueeio ethaeae, ni?aa?aeianaio ii nai?io ci?noo iaeei c
iaeiei ?, ui i???ioo?oueny ia oea. A?aeiia?aeii nioe?aeuei? a?aeiineie
iiai?noth ? aeeeth/ii iieyaathoue a iiaeeeaino? oiai, ui nioe?aeueia
iiaaae?iea aoaea iineoe aeinooiiee (inieneaiiio) aecia/aiith oa?aeoa?…
Oith naiith iciaeith aeaiiai iiiyooy ? – iaoae iaa?oue i?i?iaeueia –
nooi?iue a?aeiioaiiy aeaiiai ?iaeea?aea aei ?ioiai. Ci?no oeueiai
a?aeiioaiiy iiaea aooe iae??ciiiai?oi?oei: ai?ioueaa, ai?iaeia/a,
eioaiiy, ae?oaeaa, iiaaaa, ?eieiaee iai?i, “aeeiiaiiy” iiaiaeaeaiiy,
“ooeeaiiy”, aai a?aeiiaa a?ae iueiai, noia?ieoeoai aeiiii?/iiai,
a?ioe/iiai, aai aoaeue-yeiai ?ioiai oa?aeoa?o; eeaniaa, aai
iaoe?iiaeueia ni?euei?noue. Oaeei /eiii, iiiyooy “nioe?aeuei?
a?aeiineie” ye oaea i?/iai ia aiai?eoue i?i oa, /e eaeaoueny i?i
“nie?aea?i?noue” ae?th/eo in?a, aai i?i i?yii i?ioeeaaeia” (3, n.
630-631).
Nioe?aeuei? a?aeiineie ioiieththoue an? noa?e noni?eueiiai aeeooy oa
ae?yeueiino?. Iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie aeeth/athoue a naaa
ae?iaie/? a?aeiineie, oaoiieia?/i?, a?aeiineie ?iciiae?eo, iai?io;
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/i? – iie?oe/i?, i?aaia?, ii?aeuei?, eeania?,
iaoe?iiaeuei?, nioe?aeueii-a?oiia?; aeooiaii-eoeueoo?i? – ii?aeuei?,
?ae?a?ei?, ooaeaeiuei-anoaoe/i?, iaoeia? a?aeiineie. Noa’?eoaie
noni?eueieo a?aeiinei ? ?iaeea?aee oa nioe?aeuei? ni?eueiioe, naia ?o
?ioa?ane oa iio?aae eaaeaoue a iniia? noni?eueieo a?aeiinei.
Noni?euenoai, ye ?aei?noue nioe?aeueiiai ? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai,
ni?yiiaaia, ii-ia?oa, ia caaacia/aiiy oiia aeey caa?aaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
naiiai nioe?oio ?, ii-ae?oaa, ia caaacia/aiiy oiia aeey ?aae?caoe?? ?
?icaeoeo cae?aiinoae ?iaeea?ae?a, aeey caaeiaieaiiy ieie nai?o iio?aa.
Iniiai? noa?e ethaenueei? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? iaoiiaeththoue iniiai?
ooieoe?? noni?euenoaa: caaacia/aiiy ? a?aeoai?aiiy
iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oiia aeeooy (c?inoaiiy aeia?iaooo,
iaoa??aeueiiai aeinoaoeo); ?aaoethaaiiy ? i?aai?caoe?th noni?eueieo
a?aeiinei (nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/i?, aoe/i? aa?aio?? aeaeeaaiiy ethaenoaa,
oii?yaeeoaaiiy ? ii?iae?caoe?? iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo, ii?aeueieo
a?aeiinei); aeooiaii-eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie ethaeae.
Noni?eueia aeeooy a nai?e nooiino? ? oai?/ei i?ioeanii noai?aiiy ?
?icaeoeo ethaeeiith, ye noni?eueii-?noi?e/iei noa’?eoii, nioe?aeueieo
oiia naiai aeeooy. A oeueiio i?ioean? ?icaeaa?oueny ? naia ethaeeia,
caaaa/othoueny ?? iiaeeeaino?, aaeineiiaeththoueny cae?aiino?. Oaea
iniaeea?noue ethaenueeiai aoooy aecia/a?oueny a nioe?aeuei?e o?einio??
iiiyooyi “noni?eueia ae?iaieoeoai”. Noni?eueia ae?iaieoeoai ia
iaiaaeo?oueny eeoa aeiiii?/iith noa?ith (iaoa??aeueia ae?iaieoeoai),
aiii ? ?acii c oei ? ?icaeoeii ??ciiiai?oieo noni?eueieo a?aeiinei oa
nioe?aeueieo ?inoeooo?a (ae?iaieoeoai oi?i ni?eeoaaiiy) ? i?ioeanii
oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo aeooiai? noa?e ethaenoaa, noni?eueieo oi?i
na?aeiiino? (aeooiaia ae?iaieoeoai). Ioaea, iniiai? noa?e
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? a ?o aca?iica’yceo – oea ? ? ?aaeueiee i?ioean
noni?eueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ye ae?iaieoeoaa aeeooy, eiai noa’?eoa –
noni?eueii? ethaeeie.
Iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ia noa?a ? i?ioeanii ia?aoai?aiiy ? inai?iiy
i?e?iaee c iaoith noai?aiiy iaoa??aeueieo oiia ? cania?a aeeooy.
Oa?aeoa? ? ??aaiue iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa aecia/a?oueny niiniaii
inai?iiy i?e?iaee, oiaoi niiniaii ae?iaieoeoaa. Niin?a ae?iaieoeoaa –
oea eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ia ?aei?noue i?iaeoeoeaieo nee ? ae?iaie/eo
a?aeiinei.
I?iaeoeoeai? neee a?aeia?aaeathoue aeoeaia noaaeaiiy ethaeae aei
i?e?iaee, aiie ? nenoaiith noa’?eoeaieo ? ?a/iaeo oaeoi??a, ye?
cae?eniththoue “iai?i ?a/iaei” i?ae noni?euenoaii ? i?e?iaeith. Aei
neeaaeo i?iaeoeoeaieo nee aoiaeyoue ethaee a ?aeiino? ?o o?ce/ieo ?
aeooiaieo nee, c ?o ?noi?e/ii iaaooei aeina?aeii ae?iaieoeoaa, oi?iiyie,
iaae/eaie, c ?o ciaiiyie, ??cieie oi?iaie ia’?aeiaiiy ae?iaie/eo
coneeue. Ae?oaei aeaiaioii i?iaeoeoeaieo nee ? caniae ae?iaieoeoaa.
Caniae ae?iaieoeoaa – oea noeoii?noue cania?a i?aoe? (na?aae yeeo
iniiaieie ? cia?yaeaey i?aoe?) ? i?aaeiao?a i?aoe? (i?iaeoeoeaieo nee
naii? i?e?iaee). A ?noi?e/iiio ?icaeoeo cia?yaeue i?aoe?, ye iniiaiiai
aeaiaioa cania?a ae?iaieoeoaa, aeae?eythoue o?e aoaie. Ia?oee c ieo –
aiioa ?ino?oiaioae?caoe??, aiioa iaioaaiiy ?o/ii? oaoi?ee. Ae?oaee aoai
iia’ycaiee c iiyaith iaoei, a?i iaaoa iacae aiioe ?iaeono??ae?caoe??.
No/aniee aoai ?icaeoeo i?iaeoeoeaieo nee iaoiiaeaiee i?ioeanii
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? ?aaiethoe??, ia?aoai?aiiyi iaoee a aaciina?aaeith
i?iaeoeoeaio neeo ? i?aeaeuaiiyi ?ie? noa’?eoeaieo, aeooiaieo
cae?aiinoae ethaeae a i?ioean? ae?iaieoeoaa (eaeaoueny i?i aiioo
eiii’thoa??caoe?? ? ?ioi?iaoe??).
Ae?iaie/? a?aeiineie – oea noeoii?noue iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
a?aeiinei i?ae ethaeueie a i?ioean? ae?iaieoeoaa ? ?ooo noni?eueiiai
i?iaeoeoo a?ae ae?iaieoeoaa aei niiaeeaaiiy. Aiie ? ?noi?e/ii-eiie?aoiei
niiniaii ii?aeiaiiy ethaeae ? cania?a ae?iaieoeoaa ia iniia? iaaiiai
oa?aeoa?o aeaniino?, aai niiniaii i?eaeaniaiiy ethaeeiith oiia nai??
i?aoe?. Naia /a?ac niin?a ? i?ioean i?eaeaniaiiy oiia i?aoe?
?aae?cothoueny a?aeiineie aeaniino?, ye? ? nooo?aith oa?aeoa?enoeeith
an??? nenoaie ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei. A?ae ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei
a?ae??ciythoueny oae caai? oaoiieia?/i? a?aeiineie, ye? oae naii
neeaaeathoueny a i?ioean? ae?iaieoeoaa, aea iaoiiaeai? ia oi?iith
aeaniino? ia caniae ae?iaieoeoaa, a iio?aaaie oaoiieia?? ? i?aai?caoe??
ae?iaieoeoaa. Oea, iai?eeeaae, a?aeiineie i?ae ?ia?oieeaie ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae, i?ae i?aai?caoi?aie oa aeeiiaaoeyie oiui.
Aeaea?aei ?icaeoeo niiniao ae?iaieoeoaa ? noia?a/i?noue i?ae
i?iaeoeoeaieie neeaie, ui iino?eii ?icaeaathoueny, ? ae?iaie/eie
a?aeiineiaie, ye? iathoue noaa?eueiee oa?aeoa?. Ci?ie a i?iaeoeoeaieo
neeao coiiaeththoue iio?aao ci?i o ae?iaie/eo a?aeiineiao. Naia oeae
caeii – caeii a?aeiia?aeiino? ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei oa?aeoa?o ? ??aith
?icaeoeo i?iaeoeoeaieo nee – E.Ia?en aaaaeaa iniiaiei
caaaeueiinioe?ieia?/iei caeiiii, ui eaaeeoue a iniia?
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo ?aaiethoe?e ? ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo.
Nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ia noa?a aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? – oea noa?a i?iaeoeoaaiiy
niinia?a ? oi?i ni?eeoaaiiy, i?aaee aca?iinoinoie?a i?ae ethaeueie. Aiia
iia’ycaia c oi?ioaaiiyi a i?ioean? ?noi??? nioe?aeueieo ni?eueiio
(eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ieo noni?euenoa, aea?aeaa, eean?a, iaoe?e, aoiin?a,
??ciiiai?oieo nioe?aeueieo a?oi) ? nioe?aeueieo ?inoeooo?a – oi?i
i?aai?caoe?? ? ?aaoethaaiiy noinoie?a a noni?euenoa?. Iaei??th c
iaeaaaeeea?oeo ooieoe?e noni?euenoaa ? ooieoe?y i?aai?caoe??,
oii?yaeeoaaiiy, ii?iae?caoe?? noni?eueieo a?aeiinei. Naia ?aaoeyoeaio
ooieoe?th aeeiiothoue nioe?aeuei? ?inoeoooe. Aiie “ianeoaiaothoue” an?
noa?e noni?euenoaa, caaacia/oth/e nioe?aeueio eiinie?aeaoe?th ?
noaa?e?caoe?th aeeooy anueiai noni?euenoaa. Nioe?aeuei? ?inoeoooe – oea
? iaai? onoaiiae, ? noeoii?noue ii?i oa eoeueoo?ieo c?ace?a, ? nenoaia
iiaaae?iee, a?aeiia?aeia aei oeeo ii?i. A caeaaeiino? a?ae noa?
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? aeae?eythoue oae? nioe?aeuei? ?inoeoooe: aeiiii?/i?
(?iciiae?e i?aoe?, aeani?noue, ca?ia?oia ieaoa), iie?oe/i?, aai
?inoeoooe aeaaee (aea?aeaaa, a?i?y, noae, ia?o??, i?ioni?eee oiui),
?inoeooo i?aaa, ina?oe, n?i’?, oea?eae, ?inoeoooe a noa?? eoeueoo?e
(o?aaeeoe?? ? cae/ee, ii?aeue oiui).
Aeooiaii-eoeueoo?ia noa?a ? i?ioeanii aeooiaiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, i?ioeanii
oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ia’?eoeaieo oi?i aeooiaiiai aeeooy –
ienoaoeoaa, ii?ae?, ?ae?a??, o?einio??, iaoee, eoeueoo?ieo oe?iiinoae,
noni?eueieo oe?eae, ?aeaae?a, a oaeiae oaeeo yaeu eoeueoo?e, ye
aeoiaaiiy, ina?oa. A ia?enenonuee?e o?einio?? aeooiaii eoeueoo?ia noa?a
o?aaeeoe?eii ?icaeyaeaeany ye iio?aeia a?ae iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ii?
noa?e, ye oaea, ui aeeiio? ?ieue ianaiino?eiiai aeaiaioo “ae?oaiai
ii?yaeeo”. C oeueiai i?eaiaeo iio??aia cacia/eoe, ui aeooiaia ia/aei ?
iniiaith naiii?aai?caoe?? ? naiicaa?aaeaiiy noni?euenoaa. Eiaeia
noni?euenoai a nai?io ?icaeoeo a?oioo?oueny ia iaai?e nenoai?
oe?iiinoae, ii?i, ?aeaae?a. sseui ?aeaaee noni?euenoaa, eiai eoeueoo?a,
Oi?ie iaioae?oaoo, na?aeiiino? i?aeiaaeathoue i?ae caa?ico a?ic??, oi
ci?iththoueny ? noni?euei? a?aeiineie, o?ainoi?io?oueny naia
oeea?e?caoe?y. Noni?eueia aeeooy a aoaeue-ye?e oi?i? ? ia aoaeue-yeiio
??ai? aecia/a?oueny aeooiaii-eoeueoo?ieie /eiieeaie, ye? ia iiaeia
?aii?oaaoe.
Noni?eueia na?aeii?noue, aeooiaia noa?a noni?euenoaa ?nio? o oi?i?
iaaiiai ni?eueiiai noeoiiiai ?acoeueoaoo ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?.
Aeina?ae i?aeethaenueeiai ni?eeoaaiiy, aca?iei c i?e?iaeith,
?aoe?iiaeueieo oa ii/ooo?aeo niinia?a inai?iiy na?oo a?aeia?aaea?oueny o
noni?eueieo oi?iao na?aeiiino?, iaaoaa? ia’?eoeaiiai,
iaae?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o ? iiaea ia?aaeaaaoeny ?ioei ethaeyi,
o?ainethaaoeny a?ae iaeiiai iieie?iiy aei ?ioiai. Naio ethaenueeo
?noi??th, ca aeoieith N.O?aiea, iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe ye ao?eaiiy,
?icai?oaiiy a /an? ? o ciai?oiueiio na?aaeiaeu? aeooiaiiai aeeooy
ethaenoaa.
3. Iniiai? /eiieee noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo oa ?o aca?iica’ycie.
O no/aniiio na?o? ?niothoue ??ciiiai?oi? oi?ie noni?euenoaa, ui nooo?ai
a?ae??ciythoueny iaeia a?ae iaeiiai ca aaaaoueia ia?aiao?aie. Oae naii ?
a ?noi??? ethaenoaa iiaeia iii?oeoe, ui noni?euenoai i?ieoei a nai?io
?icaeoeo ??ci? aoaie. Ui ae naia eaaeeoue a iniia? noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo
? ca yeeie e?eoa??yie iiaeia aecia/eoe ?noi?e/i? oeie, a oaeiae
??ciiiai?oi? oi?ie no/aniiai noni?euenoaa?
A nioe?aeuei?e o?einio?? ii-??ciiio ae??ooaaeenue ieoaiiy i?i iniiai?
/eiieee noni?eueii-?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano. sse i?aaeei, iiooe eoia a
iai?yieo aecia/aiiy iaaii? ?aeeii? aeaoa?i?iaioe, aai “iioi?a” ?noi???,
/e oi aoaea oaoi?ea, /e aeiiii?ea, /e na?aeii?noue, i?ciaiiy. A
iaoo?ae?noe/ieo eiioeaioe?yo ?icaeoie noni?euenoaa iiynithaaany
a?ieia?/ieie caeiiaie, i?e?iaeieie oaeoi?aie, cie?aia aaia?ao?/ieie
/eiieeaie, ci?iaie ia?iaeiianaeaiiy oiui. ?io? eiioeaioe?? aiaethaaee
aei ethaenueeiai ?icoio. ?aeay i?i ae??oaeueia cia/aiiy ethaenueei?
na?aeiiino? ? /e ia iaeiioe?ai?oith a nioe?aeuei?e o?einio??. Oaea ?aeay
caniiaaia ia oiio, ui a noni?euenoa? ae?thoue ethaee, iaae?eai?
na?aeii?noth ? aieath. Ca?aene – iniaeeaa oaaaa aei ?ie? i?ciaiiy ?
iaoee a ?noi???, aei ?ie? oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? iniaenoino?. ?noi?e/iee
?icaeoie iiynith?oueny c?inoaiiyi ethaenueei? naiaiaee, aaeineiiaeaiiyi
ii?aeueieo ii?i, iioe?aiiyi iiaeo eoeueoo?ieo oe?iiinoae oiui. No/ani?
cao?aei? o?einioe-oaoiie?aoe iiyniththoue nioe?aeueiee ?icaeoie
i?ia?anii oaoi?ee ? oaoiieia??. Ia?enenonueea nioe?ieia?/ia oai??y
nie?a?oueny ia oie aacia?a/iee oaeo, ui naia ae?iaieoeoai iaoa??aeueieo
aeaa caaacia/o? aaciina?aaei? ?nioaaiiy ethaeeie. Oiio aecia/aeueia
?ieue a ?noi?e/i?e aaiethoe?? noni?euenoaa a?aeaiaeeoueny ooo
iaoa??aeueiiio ae?iaieoeoao, aeiiii?/iiio oaeoi?o: ??aith ?icaeoeo
i?iaeoeoeaieo nee ? ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei, ??aith i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?.
An? iacaai? oaeoi?e ? nooo?aeie ? iaiao?aeieie a nioe?aeueiiio ?icaeoeo,
an? aiie iaoiiaeththoue iaaiei /eiii ieei ?noi?e/ieo iiae?e. A
aaiethoe?? noni?euenoaa aaaeeea? an? oi?ie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? –
iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/ia, iie?oe/ia, ?ae?a?eia, ii?aeueia oa ?io? – a ?o
?noi?e/i?e ?aeiino? ? aca?iica’yceo. Ia caia?a/oth/e aaee/aciee
aeaoa?i?ioth/ee aieea oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo oaeoi??a, iio??aii ana ae
cacia/eoe, ui ia iiaeia aeacaoe ?aeeiee aecia/aeueiee /eiiee aeey an???
ethaenueei? ?noi???. Ia ??cieo aoaiao nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo aieiaiei
iiaea noaoe aoaeue-yeee c iacaaieo /eiiee?a.
Ioaea, ?noi??y iaoiiaeaia noeoii?noth ??cieo oaeoi??a, iaei? c yeeo a
eiie?aoieo neooaoe?yo aeyaeythoueny neeuei?oeie ca ?io? ? iinoathoue a
yeino? iniiaieo aeaoa?i?iaio. sseei aea /eiii oea a?aeia?aaea?oueny ia
oeiieia?? noni?euenoaa, ia eeaneo?eaoe?? ?noi?e/ieo oei?a ? no/anieo
iiaeaeae noni?euenoaa?
4. ?noi?e/i? oeie noni?euenoaa. Iiiyooy “noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ia
oi?iaoe?y” ? “oeea?e?caoe?y”.
O no/ani?e o?einio?? ni?a?niothoue aeaa i?aeoiaee aei oeiieia??
noni?euenoaa, ye? /anoeiai caia?a/othoue, aea e aeiiiaiththoue iaeia
iaeiiai – ?ioi?iaoe?eiee ? oeea?e?caoe?eiee. Iniiaiith i?iaeaiith, ia
ae??oaiiy yei? ni?yiiaai? oe? i?aeoiaee, ? i?iaeaia eia?ee, iaaiiai
ii?yaeeo ? ni?yiiaaiino? ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano. *e ? ?noi??y ?icaeoeii,
?ooii aia?aae, /e aiia ? ?noi???th “a?ioi?anueeiai ?ooo”, ?noi???th
eieaeueieo, caieiaieo oeea?e?caoe?e, ia iia’ycaieo a ?aeeiee
caaaeueiiethaenueeee ?noi?e/iee i?ioean. Oi?iaoe?eiee i?aeo?ae
iaeiicia/ii ae??oo? oeth i?iaeaio: ?noi??y ? i?ia?aneaiei ?icaeoeii,
e?i?eiei i?ioeanii noiaeaeaiiy a?ae iaio aeineiiaei? oi?iaoe?? aei
a?eueo ?icaeiaii?. Ia a?aei?io a?ae iueiai, oeea?e?caoe?eiee i?aeo?ae
aei ?noi??? iaaaaaoi iaa?aaei?oa noaaeoueny aei ?noi???, a?i ia
ia?aaeaa/a? iaia?aae caaeaiiai noeaia??th iaeaooiueiai ?icaeoeo,
caia?a/o? iayai?noue ?aeeii? caeiiii??iino? ?noi???. Coieieiinue ia
nooiino? oeeo aeaio i?aeoiae?a.
Oi?iaoe?eia oai??y a?oioo?oueny ia ?icoi?ii? noni?euenoaa ye
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? oe?e?niino?, oiaoi ae??oaeueia ?ieue
a?aeaiaeeoueny aeiiii?/iiio oaeoi?o. ?ic?iaea iiiyooy
“noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ia oi?iaoe?y” iaeaaeeoue E.Ia?eno. Naia a?i aia?oa
aenoioa ?aeath iaoa??ae?noe/iiai ?icoi?iiy ?noi???, ui cia/iei /eiii
aieeioei ia iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie nioe?ieia?/ii? iaoee.
Noni?eueii-aeiiii?/i? oi?iaoe?? – oea eiie?aoii-?noi?e/i? oeie
noni?euenoaa, iine?aeiai? “noiaeeiee” ?noi?e/ii? aaiethoe??, ui
iaoiiaeai? iaaiei niiniaii ae?iaieoeoaa ? niaoeeo?/iith oi?iith
ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei, ianaiia?aae – oi?iith a?aeiinei aeaniino?. Ca?aeii
c oi?iaoe?eiei i?aeoiaeii, niin?a ae?iaieoeoaa aeaoa?i?io? onth
??ciiiai?oi?noue noni?eueieo a?aeiinei ? ca’yce?a. Iniiaieie aeaiaioaie
noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ii? oi?iaoe?? ? aacen ? iaaeaoaeiaa. Noeoii?noue
ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei, yea neeaaea? aeiiii?/iee eaae noni?euenoaa,
iaceaa?oueny aacenii. A?ae aaceno caeaaeaoue an? ?io? noni?euei?
a?aeiineie. A?i aecia/a? oa?aeoa? ? ci?no iaaeaoaeiae – ?aeaieia?/ieo,
iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo a?aeiinei ? ?aeae, i?aai?caoe?e ? onoaiia, /a?ac
ye? oe? a?aeiineie cae?eniththoueny.
Noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ia oi?iaoe?y ?icaeyaea?oueny ye caaaeueia
oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaieo oei?a noni?euenoaa. Ia?a?niiiaueiia,
?aaiaeanieoeueea, oaiaeaeueia, eai?oae?noe/ia, eiioi?noe/ia noni?euenoai
– oae? nooiai? ?icaeoeo nioe?oio. Na?oiaee ?noi?e/iee i?ioean
?icoi??oueny ye e?i?eia noiaeaeaiiy a?ae iaei??? oi?iaoe?? aei ?ioi?.
Oi?iaoe?eiee i?aeo?ae, ia yeee nie?aany E.Ia?en a aiae?c? noni?euenoaa,
aoa ?noi?e/ii aei?aaaeaiee. A?i iaeaaeaa ia??iaeo ia?aoiaeo a?ae
oaiaeae?cio, aei eai?oae?cio, naia ia aeaiiio aoai? ?noi??? ia’?eoeai?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?, oaoiieia?/i? ? oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? i?ioeane
iaeiicia/ii aecia/aee ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoie noni?euenoaa.
Nueiaiaei? oi?iaoe?eiee i?aeo?ae ? iaaeinoaoi?i aeey iiyniaiiy
?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo. I?e/iio oeaiei aeyaeany ia nai ii nia? oeae
i?aeo?ae, a eiai aaniethoecaoe?y, aeiaiaoe/ia noaaeaiiy aei iueiai.
Ii-ia?oa, iai?aaii??ii noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui ia aoaeue-yeiio aoai? ?noi???
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie aeaoa?i?iothoue noni?eueia aeeooy a
oe?eiio. Ii-ae?oaa, oyaeaiiy i?i ?aeeio caeiiii??i?noue, e?i?eia
noiaeaeaiiy a?ae oi?iaoe?? aei oi?iaoe?? ia caeeoa? i?noey aeey naiaiaee
ethaeeie, aeey aeai?o aeueoa?iaoeaieo oeyo?a ?icaeoeo. Iani?aaae? –
?noi??y ? i?iyaii oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? ethaeae, a i?ioean oai?/ino?
i?eiee ia iiaeia aaniethoii ia?aaeaa/eoe. Ii-o?ao?, ?aaeueia ?noi??y
ia?iae?a, noni?euenoa, aea?aeaa ia aeeaaea?oueny a o?ni? ?aiee
oi?iaoe?eiiai ?icaeoeo ii aeno?aei?e, i?e oae?e ni?iuai?e noai?
ao?a/a?oueny nai???aei?noue ? naiioe?ii?noue eiaeii? eoeueoo?e ?
oeea?e?caoe??, aiie aenooiathoue eeoa a yeino? ia?aaeoiia iaeaooiueiai
aeineiiaeiai noni?euenoaa.
Ioaea, oai??y oi?iaoe?eiiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa ? ?noi?e/ii
iaiaaeaiith. Aiia aoea aaeaeaaoia aiin?, yea i?ieoea i?ae ciaeii ?
aaneii iaoeiaiai ? oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano (XVIII-XIX noie?ooy) ?
a?aeia?aaea? ia’?eoeai? oaiaeaioe?? naia oeueiai ia??iaeo.
Iio?aaai a?eueo aeineiiaeiai inieneaiiy no/aniiai noni?euenoaa
a?aeiia?aea? oeea?e?caoe?eiee i?aeo?ae, ui ooaa?aeaeo?oueny a no/ani?e
o?einio??. A eiai iniia? eaaeeoue oaeo ia?aoai?aiiy ?noi??? ethaenoaa a
aeiaaeueio, caaaeueiiethaenueeo ?noi??th. ?ai?oa aiia aoea ?noi???th
ie?aieo ia?iae?a, ieaiai, e?a?i, ?aa?ii?a, eoeueoo?. Noai?aiiy
ieaiaoa?ii? oeea?e?caoe?? – neeaaeiee ? aeineoue noia?a/eeaee i?ioean.
Ia aeiaaeeiai, ui ana /ano?oa eaeaoueny i?i oeea?e?caoe?eio e?eco
no/aniino?. A nioe?ieia?? ? o?einio?? noaa aaea caaaeueiii?eeiyoei
iiae?e ?noi??? ia ia??iae o?aaeeoe?eii? (aa?a?ii?), oaoiiaaiii?
(?iaeono??aeueii?) oeea?e?caoe?? ? iiai?, yea eeoa oi?io?oueny, aea
aeaye? iciaee yei? aeathoue i?aenoaao iaceaaoe ?? iino?iaeono??aeueiith
(?ioi?iaoe?eiith). Aa?a?ia oeea?e?caoe?eia ?aaiethoe?y, yea a?aeaoeany
6-8 oeny/ ?ie?a oiio, cae?enieea ia?ao?ae a?ae niiaeeaaoeueeiai oeio
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? aei i?iaeoeoeaiiai; ?iaeono??aeueia ?aaiethoe?y
iia’ycaia c iiyaith iaoeiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa (XVI-XVII noie?ooy);
?ioi?iaoe?eia ?aaiethoe?y, a yeo anooiathoue iaea?eueo ?icaeiai? e?a?ie
no/aniino?, ? ii/aoeii iiai? oeea?e?caoe??.
Oa?i?i “oeea?e?caoe?y” aeineoue aaaaoia?aiiee ? ia ia? iaeiicia/iiai ?
/?oeiai aecia/aiiy. ?iiae? oeea?e?caoe?th ioioiaeiththoue c iiiyooyi
“eoeueoo?a” (eiee eaeaoueny i?i eeoaenueeo oeea?e?caoe?th, ooia?nueeo,
eaoeiiaia?eeainueeo oiui). Ia??aeei i?ae iiiyooyi “oeea?e?caoe?y”
?icoi??oueny a?eueo aenieee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa, yeee eaea ia
ci?io eiai aeo?aeiiio noaio (aa?aa?noao) ? yeee iia’ycaiee c aenieei
??aiai oaoi?ee ? oaoiieia??. Aea o anyeiio aeiaaeeo iiiyooy
“oeea?e?caoe?y” aaeeaa?oueny aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee oe?e?niino?
iaoa??aeueii? ? aeooiaii? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae. Uiaei
oeea?e?caoe?eiiai i?aeoiaeo, yeee ie ?icaeyaea?ii, oi i?ae
oeea?e?caoe??th ooo ?icoi??oueny iaaia ?noi?e/ia ooai?aiiy,
a?aeaaeoaeaiiy ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo, noeoii?noue eoeueoo? ? nioe?oi?a,
ia’?aeiaieo ni?eueieie iciaeaie. *ei aea a?ae??ciythoueny oeie
oeea?e?caoe?e a?ae oei?a noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ieo oi?iaoe?e?
Ia a?aei?io a?ae oi?iaoe?eii? oeiieia?? (/eaioaaiiy) noni?euenoaa, yea
aaco?oueny ia aeiiii?/ieo no?oeoo?ao, iaaieo ae?iaie/eo a?aeiineiao,
iiiyooy “oeea?e?caoe?y” o?eno? oaaao ia eeoa ia aeiiii?/i?e noi?ii?, a
ia noeoiiino? an?o oi?i aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? noni?euenoaa –
iaoa??aeueii-aeiiii?/i?e, iie?oe/i?e, eoeueoo?i?e, ii?aeuei?e. Iniiao
oeea?e?caoe?? neeaaea? ia eeoa aeiiii?/iee aacen, aea a a?eueo?e i??? –
noeoii?noue eoeueoo?ieo c?ace?a oe?ii?nieo i???ioe??a, oe?eae, iioea?a,
?aeaae?a, ui ia?aoai?ththoueny a iaai? ineoieia?/i? ianoaiiae ethaeae.
Oeie oeea?e?caoe?e a?eueo aeiaaeuei?, a?eueo noae? ooai?aiiy, i?ae oeie
oi?iaoe?e. O iaaeao iaeiiai oeio oeea?e?caoe?? iiaeeea? oi?iaoe?ei?
a?aei?iiino?. ?icaeoie oeea?e?caoe?? ? a?eueo iiaooi?i, cia/ouei,
aeiaaio?eaaeei i?ioeanii, i?ae ci?ia oi?iaoe?e. Aaaeeeai i?aee?aneeoe,
ui eiaeiiio oeio oeea?e?caoe?? i?eoaiaii? nai? aecia/aeuei? /eiieee
?icaeoeo, na?e aeaniee iaoai?ci aeaoa?i?iaoe??.
O?aaeeoe?eia oeea?e?caoe?y ioiieth? ia??iaee noa?iaeaaiino? ?
na?aaeiueia?//y – oea Noa?iaeaaiy ?iae?y ? Eeoae, Noa?iaeaai?e ?aeiao,
aea?aeaae ionoeueiainueeiai Noiaeo, na?aaeiueia?//y oiui. Oeae oei
nioe?aeueii? i?aai?caoe?? caa??any ? aei iaoeo /an?a, aaaaoueii e?a?iai
o?aoueiai na?oo i?eoaiaii? oae? ?ene o?aaeeoe?eiiai noni?euenoaa. Aeey
o?aaeeoe?eii? oeea?e?caoe?? i?eoaiaii? oae? ?ene ? iciaee: aa?a?ia
ni?yiiaai?noue aeiiii?ee; aenoaineaiee ? oeeee?/iee oeie nioe?aeueiiai
?icaeoeo; aenieee ??aaiue caeaaeiino? a?ae i?e?iaeieo oiia aoooy,
cie?aia a?ae aaia?ao?/iiai noaiiaeua; eiina?aaoeci a nioe?aeueieo
noinoieao ? niinia? aeeooy; i???ioaoe?y ia ia ?icaeoie, a ia
a?aeoai?aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy i?eeiyoiai ii?yaeeo ? iayaieo no?oeoo?
nioe?aeueiiai aeeooy; iaaaoeaia noaaeaiiy aei aoaeue-yeeo iiaiaaaaeaiue
(?iiiaaoe?e); i??i?eoao o?aaeeoe?e, onoaeaieo ii?i, cae/a?a, aaoi?eoaoo;
aenieee ??aaiue caeaaeiino? ethaeeie a?ae nioe?aeueii? a?oie ? aei?noeee
nioe?aeueiee eiio?ieue; ??cea iaiaaeai?noue ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? naiaiaee.
Oaoiiaaiia oeea?e?caoe?y noi?ioaaeanue ia ?o?iao na?aaeiueia?/iiai
noni?euenoaa. Aenoaineaiee oei nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo ci?ith?oueny ia
?ioaineaiee. Iaeaeueie i?eioeeiaie aeeooy ethaeeie ? noni?euenoaa
noathoue c?inoaiiy, iiiaeaiiy, ?icaeoie. Oeeee?/iee oei ?icaeoeo
ci?ith?oueny iinooiaeueiei. ?icaeoie aeiiii?ee ia iniia? oaoi?ee,
oaoiieia??, iaoee ia?aoai?th?oueny ia i?ia?aeio aeaoa?i?iaioo
noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo. Aeieea? iiaa nenoaia oe?iiinoae, iniiao yei?
neeaaeathoue iaoea, oaoi?ea, oaoiieia?y. ?aeay ia?aoai?aiiy na?oo ?
i?aeei?aiiy ethaeeiith i?e?iaee noa? i?ia?aeiith a eoeueoo?? oaoiiaaiii?
oeea?e?caoe??. Oe?ii?noueth noa? naia iiaecia, i?ea?iaeuei?noue, acaaae?
ana iiaa. I?eioeeiiai ci?ith?oueny noaiiaeua ?iaeea?aea a oaoiiaaii?e
oeea?e?caoe??: ooaa?aeaeo?oueny oe?ii?noue naiaiaee, i?eioeei aeo?aeii?
??aiino? ethaeae, iacaeaaeii a?ae nioe?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy, aaoiiii?y
?iaeea?aea. Naia ooo iaaoaathoue iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy oe?iiino?
aeaiie?ao??, noaa?aiiino? iniaenoino?, i?eioeei iaaeioi?eaiino? ?? i?aa
? naiaiae. Iniiaiith ianoaiiaith ae?yeueiino? ?iaeea?aea noa?
aeinyaiaiiy oni?oo caaaeyee aeaniei coneeeyi /a?ac ?aae?caoe?th nai?o
iniaenoeo oe?eae.
Oaoiiaaiia oeea?e?caoe?y ia o?eueee aeeiai?/ia ? ?ooeeaa, aea e aeineoue
aa?aneaia. Aiia iiaeaaey?, i?aeei?y? o?aaeeoe?ei? noni?euenoaa oa ?o
eoeueoo?o. ? oea ia aeiaaeeiai, oiio ui na?aae i?ia?aeieo oe?iiinoae
oe??? oeea?e?caoe?? ia inoaii? i?noea iaeaaeeoue oe?iiinoyi aeaaee,
neee, ai?ioueae, iaioaaiiy iaae i?e?iaeieie ? nioe?aeueieie ianoaaeiaie.
Naia ia oeueiio a?oioo?oueny eoeueo ei?eniino? ? ni?yiiaai?noue ia
aieiae?iiy oiaa?aie (?a/aie, ethaenueeeie cae?aiinoyie, ?ioi?iaoe??th ye
oiaa?ieie oe?iiinoyie).
Aaiethoe?y cao?aeieo noni?euenoa O?O-OO noie?oue aeyaeea
ooiaeaiaioaeueio noia?a/i?noue oaoiiaaiii? oeea?e?caoe??. C iaeiiai
aieo, ?? aeua iaoa (ca?eueoaiiy iaoa??aeueiiai aaaaonoaa ia iniia?
iino?eiiai iiiaeaiiy oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo nenoai) ia?aoai?th? ethaeeio ia
i?inoo ooieoe?th, can?a aeiiii?/ii? noa?e. Ca?eueoeeanue /anoeia ia
noeo?eieo, a i?aai?ciaaieo ca’yce?a a noni?euenoa?, cie?aia aeooiaia
ae?iaieoeoai ia?aoai?eeinue ia neeaaeio ?iaeono??th na?aeiiino?.
?iaeea?ae noa? ia’?eoii iai?ioethaaiiy c aieo ianiai? eoeueoo?e, cania?a
ianiai? ?ioi?iaoe??. Aea c ae?oaiai aieo – oa ae oaoiiaaiia
oeea?e?caoe?y i???ioo?oueny ia naiaiaeo ?iaeea?aea, iia?e?co? ethaenueeo
aeoeai?noue, noeioeth? ?icaeoie ? iio?aa, ? cae?aiinoae ethaeeie,
aiane?aeie /iai a?aeaoaa?oueny aoiai?caoe?y noni?euenoaa, caniiaaiiai ia
eai?oae?noe/i?e aeiiii?oe?. Oaeei /eiii oaoiiaaiia oeea?e?caoe?y
ii?iaeaeo? ? aeiiii?/iee aacen, ? iiaee oei ethaeeie, yea caeaoia
iiaeeo?eoaaoe, aoiai?coaaoe oeae aacen (i?iyaii /iai ? ?icaeoie
aeiiii?/iiai ? iie?oe/iiai e?aa?ae?cio – aeciaiiy i?eioeeio nioe?aeueii?
ni?aaaaeeeaino?, noai?aiiy iaoai?cio nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo, iaiaaeaiiy
aeaaee ao?aeoac??, aeaiie?aoe/i? naiaiaee oiui). Iaaeaoaeiaa (anoia?a/
oi?iaoe?ei?e oai???) aeyaeea caeaoi?noue iaaoaaoe ana a?eueoi?
iacaeaaeiino? a?ae aeiiii?/iiai aaceno.
5. Aeiaaeuei? i?iaeaie ethaenoaa ? nioe?aeueia i?iaiicoaaiiy.
No/ania oeea?e?caoe?y ciaoiaeeoueny a e?eoe/iiio ia??iae? naiai
?icaeoeo. Noaiiaeaiiy aeiaaeueii? oeea?e?caoe?? noeea?oueny c
i?ioe??//yie, ui iaoiiaeai? aioo??oi?ie noia?a/iinoyie oaoiiaaiii?
oeea?e?caoe??, ia??aiii??i?noth aeiiii?/iiai, oaoi?/iiai, iie?oe/iiai,
eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa. Iniiai? /eiieee oaoiiaaiii?
oeea?e?caoe?? – iaooeeueia aeiiii?/ia c?inoaiiy, iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee
i?ia?an – aeyaeee nai? iaaaoeai? iane?aeee. Iai?ee?ioe? OO noie?ooy
caaino?eeeny i?iaeaie, ye? iaaoee caaaeueiiieaiaoa?iiai cia/aiiy ? eio??
caa?iaeothoue naiiio ?nioaaiith ethaenoaa, – oae caai? aeiaaeuei?
i?iaeaie.
Iai?eeeaae – i?iaeaia aeaeeaaiiy ethaenoaa a oiiaao ?icaeoeo
i?eioeeiiai iiaiai oeio a?enueeiai? oaoi?ee ? iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy ca?i?
ianiaiai cieuaiiy. “No/ania iaoeiai-oaoi?/ia ?aaiethoe?y i?ecaaea aei
iaaa/aiiai no?eaeo o ?icaeoeo cania?a ?oeioaaiiy ? a?enueeiai? ni?aae, a
?acoeueoao? yeiai ethaeeia noaea o?ce/ii caeaoia cieueoe ana aeeaa ia
iao?e ieaiao?. Aaea iaeiie/aieo a?naiae?a, ye aaaaeathoue a/ai?,
aeinoaoiuei aeey oiai, uia cieueoe 58 i?euey?ae?a ethaeae, aai a 11,5
?ac?a a?eueoa, i?ae aeeaa ethaeae ia Caie?” (12, n. 277).
E??i a?enueeiai? caa?ice, aeoaea aaaeeeaith ? i?iaeaia aeiaaeueii?
aeieia?/ii? e?ece ? iia’ycai? c iath ne?iaeii?, aia?aaoe/i?, aeiiii?/i?
i?iaeaie. Iino?eia o?i?caoe?y aeeooy ethaeae a iao /an ? aeinoaoi?i
i?eaiaeii aeey oaeethaaiiy. “C i?iaeoeoaie oa?/oaaiiy, iaaeeeaiaioaie,
caa?oaeiaiei iia?o?yi ??ciiiai?oi? ?a/iaeie, oe?aeeea? aeey ethaeeie,
iio?aieythoue a ?? i?aai?ci. Oea ia o?eueee iiaaii aieeaa? ia noai
caei?ia’y ethaeae, aea e aeoaea iaaaoeaii ae?? ia o?ce/io
iiaiioe?ii?noue iaeaooi?o iieie?iue” (12, n. 277).
Aaaeeeaeie aeiaaeueieie i?iaeaiaie oaeiae ? – caa?ica aeaiia?ao?/ii?
e?ece, i?iaeaia caa?aaeaiiy iniaenoino? ye a?inioe?aeueii? ?noioe a
oiiaao aeaoi?ioth/iai aieeao oaoiiaaiii? oeea?e?caoe?? oa ?? ianiai?
eoeueoo?e, c?inoath/eo i?ioean?a a?ae/oaeaiiy (iaeiie/aiiy oe?aeeeaeo
iooaoe?e, ?ioi?iaoe?ei? ia?aaaioaaeaiiy, no?ane, ia?eiiai?y,
iai?ioeyoe?y na?aeii?noth oiui).
Aino?ioa aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai caeaaeeoue ia eeoa a?ae oiai, ui
iaia?aaeaa/ai? aeieia?/i? oa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? iane?aeee aeeaiei
aieeaathoue ia an? aiee aeeooy no/anii? ethaeeie. ?noioiei ? e oa, ui
oe? i?iaeaie iano?eueee aca?iiiia’ycai?, ui i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeai
aeiaeoeny oni?oo o ae??oaii? iaei??? c ieo, ?aii?oth/e aai i?eae?eyth/e
iaaeinoaoith oaaao ?ioei. E??i oiai, iaeiia?/iee i?aeo?ae aei ae??oaiiy
aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai iiaea i?ecaanoe aei oyaeeeo iane?aee?a, ye?
iaaaoeaii iicia/athoueny ia ia?niaeoeaao ?icaeoeo onueiai ethaenoaa.
Oa?aeoa?iith ?enith aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai ? ?o aeeiai?ci. Iiaeeeaei ? ye
ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai c /anii, oae ? ?o ciaioaiiy.
Ae??oaiiy aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai iiaeeeaa eeoa coneeeyie na?oiaiai
ni?aoiaa?enoaa. Iaa?oue iaea?eueo iiaooiy aea?aeaaa ia aciic? ae??oeoe
naiino?eii caaaeueiiethaenuee? i?iaeaie. Aeey ?o iiaeieaiiy iio??aii
ni?eueia aeei?enoaiiy aeiiii?/ieo, ?ioaeaeooaeueieo, iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo ?
eoeueoo?ieo ?ano?n?a anueiai ethaenoaa. Iaiao?aei? oaeiae iie?oe/ia aiey
o?yae?a ? ia?iae?a ??cieo e?a?i, oe?iea ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o na?o? iiaiai
iie?oe/iiai ieneaiiy. Ia oaia??oi?e /an ??ci? e?a?ie ii-??ciiio
noaaeyoueny aei ae??oaiiy aeiaaeueieo i?iaeai: iaei? ?aii?othoue oe?
i?iaeaie, ?io? aeo?a/athoue aaeee? eiooe ia ?o iiaeieaiiy.
Aeine?aeeoe oeyoe iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa, inieneeoe iciaee ?
?ene iiai? oeea?e?caoe??, yea ua ciaoiaeeoueny a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy, –
oea iniiaia caaaeaiiy nioe?aeueiiai ia?aaeaa/aiiy ? i?iaiicoaaiiy.
“I?iaiic” a no/aniiio cia/aii? neiaa – oea ia i?inoi ia?aaeaa/aiiy, a
iniaeeaee aeae eiai, yeee nooo?ai a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae on?o ?ioeo aeae?a
aenieei nooiaiai iaa?oioiaaiino?, ia’?eoeaiino?. I?iaiicoaaiiy ?
i?ioeanii io?eiaiiy ciaiue i?i iaeaooi? ia a?oio? niaoe?aeueieo iaoeiaeo
iaoiae?a. Nioe?aeueia i?iaiicoaaiiy i?iaiaeeoueny, ye i?aaeei, ia iniia?
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, a i?ioean? ?ioaa?aoe??
aoiai?oa?iiai, oaoi?/iiai ciaiiy ? i?e?iaeiciaanoaa. Aei iniiaieo
iaoiae?a nioe?aeueiiai i?iaiicoaaiiy iaeaaeaoue iaoiaee aeno?aiieyoe??,
iaoiae ?noi?e/ii? aiaeia??, eiii’thoa?iiai iiaeaethaaiiy, iaoiae
iiaoaeiae noeaia??th iaeaooiueiai ? iaoiaee aenia?oieo ioe?iie. Ca
nai?ie aeaeaie nioe?aeuei? i?iaiice aoaathoue iiooeiaeie, ii?iaoeaieie,
aiae?oe/ieie ? canoa??aath/eie.
Uiaei nioe?aeueiiai ia?aaeaa/aiiy, noai?aiiy iiaeaeae iaeaooiuei?
oeea?e?caoe??, oi iniaeeai aeoeaii oey i?iaeaia ii/eia? ?ic?iaeyoeny a
cao?aei?e oooo?ieia?? ii/eiath/e c 60-o ?ie?a iaoiai noie?ooy. *eneaii?
iiaeae? iiai? oeea?e?caoe?? ii?iaeaeothoue ? /eneaii? ?? iacae –
iino?iaeono??aeueia noni?euenoai, noni?euenoai o?aouei? oaee?,
oaoiio?iiia, niiaeeaaoeueea, o?ainoi?iaoe?eia oiui. Inoaii?i /anii ana
/ano?oa aeei?enoiao?oueny oa?i?i “?ioi?iaoe?eia oeea?e?caoe?y”.
Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui caeeoathoueny ua oaoiie?aoe/i? niiae?aaiiy ia
ae??oaeueia cia/aiiy oaoi?ee ? iaoee, i??i?eoaoieie noathoue ?io?
aa??aioe ?icaeoeo iaeaooiueiai noni?euenoaa. sse? ae eiioo?e iiai?
oeea?e?caoe?? ?
Ii-ia?oa, i/aaeaeiei noa? i?eioeeiiai ?ioee oei aeaoa?i?iaoe?? iiai?
oeea?e?caoe??. Oea aoaeooue aaea ia nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? ?
oaoi?ei-oaoiieia?/i? /eiieee, a oaeoi?e ethaenueei? naiiaeaoa?i?iaoe?? –
na?aeiiino?, a?eueiiai aeai?o, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ieo i??i?eoao?a.
Ii-ae?oaa, oaea oeea?e?caoe?y aoaea a?oiooaaoeny ia ?io?e, i?ae
oaoiiaaiia, nenoai? eoeueoo?ieo oe?iiinoae: ia aoeoe? iaianeeuenoaa, ia
a?aeiia? a?ae eoeueoo neee ? iaioaaiiy, ia oiea?aioiiio noaaeaii? aei
??cieo eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?e, ia i?eioeeiiai ?ioeo canaaeao a?aeiioaiiy
aei i?e?iaee. C?inoath/a oe?e?ni?noue ? ?aei?noue ethaenoaa aoaea
noi?iaiaeaeoaaoeny c?inoaiiyi aaaaoiaa??aioiino? ? ??ciiiai?oiino?
eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo.
Ii-o?ao?, iiaa noni?euenoai aoaea caniiaaia ia ?icaeoeo iiaiai oeio
nioe?aeueieo ca’yce?a ethaeae. Noni?euenoai ?ic??ciaieo, aoii?ciaaieo
?iaeea?ae?a ci?ieoueny ia noni?euenoai a?eueieo nioe?aeueieo ni?eueiio,
aea ethaeeia noaia aoaeoaaoe nai? ca’ycee, aeoiaey/e c i??eoaaiue
a?eueiiai aeai?o, i???iooth/enue ia aeani? niaee ? iio?aae.
Ii-/aoaa?oa, oaoiieia?/iith iniiaith iaeaooiuei? oeea?e?caoe?? aoaeooue
i?eioeeiiai iia? i?ioeane ? ia’?eoe, ye? iaaoee iacae ”neia?aaoe/ieo”,
oiaoi oaeeo, ui caeaoi? aei naii?icaeoeo (eiii’thoa?i? nenoaie,
a?ioaoiieia?/i? eiiieaene).
Iii?e an? nioe?aeuei? i?iaiice, oai?aoe/i? aeiaiaee, aii??e/i? i?iyae
oeeo oaiaeaioe?e, /e ?aae?cothoueny aiie – oea ieoaiiy, ia yea iiaea
a?aeiia?noe eeoa ?noi??y.
6. ?aeay i?ia?ano a ?noi???. Nain ?noi???.
Ethaenueea aeoiea ia iiaea ia i?aaiooe ciaeoe iaaio eia?eo, iaaio
oii?yaeeiaai?noue ?noi???, oei a?eueoa, ui iaaiee ii?yaeie a ?noi???
?ioo?oeaii ?ici?cia?oueny. I/aaeaeii, ui ?noi?e/iee i?ioean ia ? eeoa
eaeaeaeineiiii, oainii iiae?e. A iueiio iiaeia aeae?eeoe iaai? ia??iaee
?icaeoeo, iaai? oeie noni?euenoaa. Aea /e iiaeeeai, aeoiaey/e c oiai,
ioiieoe ?noi??th a ?? oe?e?niino?, oiaoi c a?aooaaiiyi iaeaooiuei?
ia?niaeoeae? *e iiaeeeai iaeiicia/ii a?aeiia?noe ia ieoaiiy: eoaee naia
eaea ethaenoai, a /iio iieyaa? nain ?noi??? ? /e ? aiia i?ia?aneaiei
?icaeoeii?
AEiaeia oaeoe/ia ciaiiy i?i ieioea ia aeicaiey? noaeeoe i?i ?noi??th a
?? oe?e?niino?. ?noi?e/ia iaoea, iai?eeeaae, ia noaaeoue ia?aae niaith
oaea caaaeaiiy. I?i ?noi??th ethaenoaa ia iiaeia noaeeoe ii ?noi???
ie?aieo e?a?i, ia?iae?a, ?aa?ii?a, iaa?oue aiio. “Ine?eueee a eiaeiiai
iieie?iiy ? nai? oo?aioe ? i?iaeaie, a a?ae oiai – aeani? ?ioa?ane e
aeania oi/ea ci?o, oi c oeueiai aeieeaa?, ui eiaeia iieie?iiy ia? i?aai
ia na?e aeaniee iiaeyae ia ?noi??th ? naith aeanio ?a?ioa?i?aoaoe?th
?noi???, yea aeiiiaith? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th iiia?aaei?o iieie?iue. C?aooith,
ie aea/a?ii ?noi??th, ine?eueee caoe?eaaeai? a i?e, ?, iiaeeeai, oiio,
ui aaaea?ii ae?ciaoeny aeaui i?i nai? aeani? i?iaeaie. I?aenoiiaoth/e –
ia iiaea aooe ?noi??? oaeiai “ieioeiai, yeei aiii iani?aaae? iaei
i?noea”, a iiaeeea? eeoa ?noi?e/i? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??, aeiaeia c yeeo ia ?
inoaoi/iith, ? eiaeia iieie?iiy ia? i?aai ia noai?aiiy aeanieo
?ioa?i?aoaoe?e” (7, n. 290-291). Ethaenueea ?noi??y ? i?eioeeiiai
iacaaa?oaiith. Ciaoiaey/enue a na?aaeei? iacaaa?oaiiai i?ioeano, ia
ciath/e eiai e?ioey, ia iath/e ?ioi? nenoaie aeey ii??aiyiiy (ai
ethaenoai – ?aeeia ? oi?eaeueia, ?ioiai i?inoi iaia?), ia iiaeia
neacaoe, ia ye?e noaae?? anana?oiuei? ?noi??? ye oe?ei? ethaenoai
ciaoiaeeoueny. Aei oiai ae ?noi?e/iee i?ioean, ia a?aei?io a?ae
i?e?iaeieo yaeu, ? i?ioeanii ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino? ? oai?/ino?, yeee
ia?aaeaa/eoe aeoaea neeaaeii.
Oaeei /eiii, iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ia a?aeiia?aeue ia caieoaiiy i?i
ni?yiiaai?noue ?noi??? a ?? oe?e?niino? iaiiaeeeaa, ye iaiiaeeeaa ?
iaa?oiooaaiiy /e ni?inooaaiiy ?noi?e/iiai i?ia?ano. Aea oea ia icia/a?,
ui oaea ieoaiiy aeyaey?oueny ia?iei, oe?eeii aeaaaeaiei, aiii i?inoi ia
? ieoaiiyi eiie?aoii? iaoee. I?iaeaia ni?yiiaaiino? ? naino ?noi??? –
nooi o?einionueea i?iaeaia, yea ia? ei??iiy a aaciina?aaeiueiio aeeoo?
ethaeae ? naia oai iaaoaa? iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy. O?einio?y ?icoi??
?noi??th ia ye noeoii?noue ?noi?e/ieo iiae?e ? oaeo?a, a ye
?aaeueiinoue, yea noai?th?oueny ethaeeiith ? ia? aeey ia? cia/ou?noue,
oe?ii?noue. Ethaeeia ia iiaea aeeoe ? oai?eoe aac aa/aiiy ia?niaeoeae
naiai oaia??oiueiai aeeooy. A oea ia?aaeaa/a? iaaia noaaeaiiy aei
?noi???, aecia/aiiy naiai i?noey a i?e. Naia a i?ioean?
aaciina?aaeiueiai aeeooy ethaeae noai?th?oueny iaaiee ocaaaeueiaiee
ia?ac ?noi???. ?noi??y iaaoaa? iaaiiai naino, eiee ethaee noaaeyoue
ieoaiiy: ooi ie nai? a ?noi???? Ona?aeiieaiiy ?noi??? caaaeaee
caeaaeeoue a?ae noaaeaiiy ethaeae aei no/aniino?. A caeaaeiino? a?ae
ianoaaei aeeooy ethaee ii-??ciiio a?ae/oaathoue naaa a nai?io /an?,
ni?eeiathoue eiai oi ye i?ia?an uiaei ieioeiai, oi ye ?aa?an, oi ye
e?eco, caiaiaae, coieiee ?noi???. Eiaeia aiioa aa/eoue eia?eo ?noi??? oa
?? nain, aeoiaey/e ?c nai?o oyaeaiue i?i naiaiaeo, uanoy,
ni?aaaaeeea?noue, aeia?i, ie?. O?einio?y eeoa a?aeaeaa? a oai?aoe/i?e
oi?i?, ocaaaeueith? iaaooee ethaenoaii aeooiaiee aeina?ae a
ona?aeiieaii? ?noi???. Cie?aia oea noino?oueny aeineoue neeaaeii? ?
iaiaeiicia/ii? i?iaeaie – i?iaeaie ?noi?e/iiai i?ia?ano.
?aeay i?ia?ano aoea iaioth/ith ia i?ioyc? OVIII-XIX noie?oue. Naia a
oeae ia??iae ethaenoai aaccanoa?aaeii a??eei o anaia?aiaaath/o neeo
?icoio, iaoeiaiai ciaiiy, oaoi?/ieo aeinyaiaiue. Naia ooo iiiyooy
i?ia?ano iaaoei cia/aiiy noiaeaeaiiy ethaenoaa aei e?auiai,
aacia?a?aiiai ? aeaaeae? c?inoath/iai aaeineiiaeaiiy aeeooy ? ethaeeie.
Oi?iaoe?eia oai??y E.Ia?ena aoea ni?yiiaaia ia oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy
?aea? i?ia?ano c iiceoe?? iaoa??ae?noe/iiai ?icoi?iiy ?noi???. ?noi??y,
ca E.Ia?enii, ? ?aeeiei caeiiii??iei i?ioeanii noiaeaeaiiy a?ae ieae/iai
aei aeuiai noaio noni?euenoaa, aai oeio noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ii?
oi?iaoe??. A iniia? oaeiai ?icaeoeo eaaeeoue caeii ?icaeoeo niiniao
ae?iaieoeoaa. E.Ia?enii aoa cai?iiiiiaaiee ia’?eoeaiee e?eoa??e
?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo – ??aaiue ?icaeoeo i?iaeoeoeaieo nee, nooi?iue
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?. Ii?yae c oeei aieiaiei, aeiiii?/iei iieacieeii,
aeciaaaany ? ?ioee – aoiai?noe/iee, ci?no yeiai iieyaa? o caaaeueiiio
noaiiaeu? ethaeeie a nioe?aeuei?e nenoai?, o iiaeeeainoyo, ye?
a?aee?eaathoueny aeey ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?, aeey caaeiaieaiiy ?? iio?aa
? ?aae?caoe?? cae?aiinoae.
Aeaye? iai?yiee no/anii? cao?aeii? o?einio?? ? nioe?ieia?? (cie?aia
oaoiie?aoe/i?) ia caia?a/othoue ?aeath i?ia?ano, aaaeeea?noue
ia’?eoeaiiai e?eoa??th (a?i aeiiiaith?oueny ?ioeie oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieie
iieacieeaie – ??aiai caeiyoino?, ??aiai niiaeeaaiiy oiui). Ae?enii,
iiaeia canoinoaaoe iiiyooy i?ia?ano oa eiai e?eoa??th uiaei ie?aiiai
?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano /e yaeua (iai?eeeaae, iaoee, oaoi?ee, oaoiieia??),
aeey ii??aiyiiy iaaieo ia?aiao??a ie?aieo nioe?aeueieo nenoai. Aea
iaa?yae /e oea aea? i?aenoaae ?iaeoe aeniiaie uiaei oaiaeaioe?e ?noi???
a oe?eiio. *e iiaeia aaaaeaoe i?iyaii i?ia?ano ?noi??? iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee
i?ia?an, ui iinoaaea ethaenoai ia?aae caa?icith caaeaae?? *e ? aeeeoi c
eiii’thoa?ii a?eueo aeineiiaeei ca aeeeoia c eai’yiith niee?ith? *e
iani?aaae? no/ania aiioa c ?? oaeaiei ?eoiii, aeiiii?/ieie ia?aaiiaie ia
aeaeeaaiiy, c ?? ianiaith eoeueoo?ith aea? a?eueoa iiaeeeainoae aeey
?icaeoeo ethaeeie, i?ae aiioa na?aaeiueia?//y, niiaiaia ?ae?a?eiiai
noaaeaiiy aei i?e?iaee, cina?aaeaeaii? oaaae aei aeooiaiiai na?oo
ethaeeie? *e ca?eueoo? uanoy ? /e ciaioo? no?aaeaeaiiy ia?ao?ae a?ae
ieaiaiiiai eaaeo aei aea?aeaae? Nai???aeiith a?aeiia?aeaeth ia oea iiaea
noaoe caieoaiiy iaeiiai c o?einio?a: /e ia ? ?aeay i?ia?ano eeoa iacaith
no?eeiai ?inoeieoo, ui ia aeicaiey? /a?aae? noiyoe ia i?noe? ? ui oyaia
?? ana aeae? a iaae??, ui aeae? aoaea a?eueo nieiaeoa o?aaa?
?aeay i?ia?ano a oiio cia/aii?, yea ?e iaaeaea iiia?aaeiy aiioa, iiaea
aaaaeaoeny ae/a?iaiith. Ia aeiaaeeiai oi?iaoe?eiee i?aeo?ae aei ?noi???
ci?ieany o OO noie?oo? ia oeea?e?caoe?eiee. Iiiyooy oeea?e?caoe??
ia?aaeaa/a? ?icaeyae ?noi??? ia eeoa ye ?noi??? aeiiii?ee, a ye ?noi???
ethaeae, a ?aeiino? ?o iaoa??aeueiiai ? aeooiaiiai aeeooy. Iniiao
oeea?e?caoe?e neeaaeathoue iaai? eoeueoo?i? oe?iiino?. Eiaeia aiioa ?
a?aeaeoeii iaiiaoi?ii? oi?eaeueii? eoeueoo?e, yea ? naiioe?iiith ? ia
i?aeeyaa? ii??aiyiith, ia iiaea aei??thaaoenue e?eoa??yie i?ia?ano.
I.Aa?aey?a aaaaeaa a/aiiy i?i i?ia?an (ye i?i iinooiaeueiee ?icaeoie
”ii noiaeeieao” ?noi??? ieae/iai aei aeuiai, a?ae iaio aeineiiaeiai
aei a?eueo ?icaeiaiiai) oeaiei ? iaaei?aaaeaiei i? c o?einionueei?, i? c
ii?aeueii?, i? c iaoeiai? oi/ee ci?o. I?e oaeiio i?aeoiae? ao?a/a?oueny
naiioe?ii?noue eiaeii? aiioe, iieie?iiy, eoeueoo?e. Aiie
ia?aoai?ththoueny eeoa ia can?a iaeaooiueiai, a?eueo aeineiiaeiai
noni?euenoaa. Iani?aaae? ae eiaeia aiioa, eiaeia oeea?e?caoe?y ?
eoeueoo?a, ca neiaaie iaeiiai c ?noi?ee?a, ??aiith i??ith iaaeeaeaia aei
Aiaa. E?eoa??e a?eueoi? aai iaioi? aeineiiaeino?, iiaiioe?iiino? aai
iaioaa?oino? uiaei ia??iae?a ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo ia ni?aoeueiao?.
Ethaenoai ana a?eueoa ?icoi?? iaiao?aei?noue ”??aiii?aaiiai
ia?oia?noaa”, ae?aeiao ??cieo aiio ? ??cieo eoeueoo?. Ia aeiaaeeiai, ui
a ia??iae e?ece oaoiiaaiii? oeea?e?caoe?? ethaenoai ana /ano?oa
caa?oa?oueny aei eoeueoo?ieo oe?iiinoae o?aaeeoe?eiiai noni?euenoaa,
aiie aeyaeythoueny oaeeie, ui iio?aaothoue inai?iiy iaiiai ? ii-iiaiio.
Aacia?a/ii, ethaenoai eaea aia?aae, aea oea nei??oa ?oo a?ae aeeoeinoaa
aei thiaoeoaa, a?ae thiaoeoaa – aei c??eino?. Oea noiaeaeaiiy ia aei
e?auiai, a aei neeaaei?oiai: oea iia? o?oaeiiu?, iiaa
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue, caaino?aiiy ? iaiao?aei?noue iiaeieaiiy iiaeo,
a?eueo na?eicieo i?iaeai.
NIENIE AEEI?ENOAII? E?OA?AOO?E:
1. Aiae?aaa E.E. I?ienoiaeaeaiea /aeiaaea e iauanoaa. Iineaa, Iuneue,
1982.
2. Aa?aeyaa I. Niune enoi?ee. Iineaa, 1990.
3. Aaaa? I. Eca?aiiua ni/eiaiey. Iineaa, I?ia?ann, 1990.
4. Aeth?eaaei Y. I ?acaeaeaiee iauanoaaiiiai o?oaea. Iaoiae nioeeieiaee.
Iineaa, Iaoea, 1991.
5. Ni?ieei I.A. *aeiaae, oeeaeeecaoeey, iauanoai. Iineaa, Iieeoecaeao
1992.
6. Noa?iaieo ?.N., N?ea?aa O.I., I?aiaea?/oe A.I. O?einio?y. Iaa/aeueiee
iin?aiee. Oa?iii?eue, Anoii, 1997.
7. Iiiia? E. A?aee?eoa noni?euenoai oa eiai ai?iae. Ee?a, Iniiae, 1994.
8. Oieiae A.Aeae. Iinoeaeaiea enoi?ee. Iineaa, 1991.
9. O?einio?y: I?ae?o/iee. Ca ?aaeaeoe??th Ca?/aiei oa ?i. Ee?a, 1995.
10. O?einionueeee neiaiee. Ca ?aaeaeoe??th A.?. Oeiea?oea. Ee?a, Aieiaia
?aaeaeoe?y Oe?a?inueei? ?aaeyinueei? aioeeeeiiaae??, 1986.
11. O?aie N. Aeooiaiua iniiau iauanoaa. – I., 1992.
12. *aeiaae e iauanoai (iniiau nia?aiaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee). Iineaa,
Aaeeeii, 1992.
13. ssnia?n E. Niune e iacia/aiea enoi?ee. – I., 1991.
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